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<mods:title id="6486D37FB9C55F6A41BC21560633F933">A detailed description of the tadpole of Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang, 2007 from Central Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ADD5BE24349EAD36C4B372D437DB98AC">Nguyen, Luan Thanh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="72911DC0D88A4C4D2C60764A60838BF3">Asian Turtle Program of Indo-Myanmar Conservation, R. 1301, CT 1 Bac Ha C 14 Building, To Huu Str., Nam Tu Liem Dist., Hanoi, Vietnam.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C43420AC5AE5BDDECDCD2E3EF49C664" type="email">nguyenluanbio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="36AAD32CDDA515975A0CB3C22CE4D047">Tran, Tuyet-Dzung Thi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="247BFFF37294EA92EE9A1AE32674042B" type="email">tuyetdung26@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BB00860DCAC71B0B47F9782C03368D9B">Kane, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0653EF50528EB6F3DFCBE5CA0240526E">Tapley, Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C19BF19B3B1693C317AE7BAAFADB29EA" type="email">ben.tapley@zsl.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="10E2C771F2DEA8715BC9907F6A39989A">2025</mods:date>
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<treatment id="7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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<subSubSection id="BBD76565FFBDFF9DFF40FA8FFD80947D" box="[199,632,1378,1404]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="description">
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present a description of the tadpole
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBDFF9DFDF8FA8EFCE1947D" ID-CoL="72DJD" authority="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang, 2007" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[639,793,1378,1404]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
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<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBDFF9DFDF8FA8EFCE1947D" box="[639,793,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BBD76565FFBDFF9DFCA7FA8FFA88963E" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBDFF9DFCA7FA8FFA88963E" blockId="0.[151,1437,789,2028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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from the extreme south of their known range based on
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<materialsCitation id="43A53CB3FFBDFF9DFA06FA8FFB0294C0" collectingDate="2019-04-08" collectingMethod="at night" collectionCode="ITBCZ" country="Vietnam" elevation="134" latitude="16.23319" location="Loc Tien Commune" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.99256" municipality="Phu Loc District" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" specimenCode="ITBCZ 3636, ITBCZ 3637, ITBCZ 3638, ITBCZ 3639, ITBCZ 3640, ITBCZ 3641, ITBCZ 3642, ITBCZ 3643, ITBCZ 3644, ITBCZ 3645, ITBCZ 3646, ITBCZ 3647" specimenCount="12" stateProvince="Thua Thien Hue Province">
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<specimenCount id="E5CBFD67FFBDFF9DFA06FA8FFEF2949E" count="12" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
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(
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) collected
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<collectingMethod id="2A8C4EF9FFBDFF9DFDD3FA68FD51949E" box="[596,681,1413,1439]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">at night</collectingMethod>
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in evergreen forest in
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<location id="F6126035FFBDFF9DFC2DFA68FB76949E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED:F6126035FFBDFF9DFC2DFA68FB76949E" box="[938,1166,1413,1439]" country="Vietnam" latitude="16.23319" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.99256" municipality="Phu Loc District" name="Loc Tien Commune" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" stateProvince="Thua Thien Hue Province">Loc Tien Commune</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="1316AC94FFBDFF9DFB1DFA68FAAF949E" box="[1178,1367,1413,1439]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Phu Loc District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="3109F80CFFBDFF9DFAE4FA68FE8294C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Thua Thien Hue Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBDFF9DFE01FA4AFE1C94C0" box="[390,484,1447,1473]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="96F95029FFBDFF9DFE74FA4AFD8C94C0" box="[499,628,1447,1473]" degrees="16.23319" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" precision="1" value="16.23319">N16.23319</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="96F95029FFBDFF9DFDF8FA4AFCF094C3" box="[639,776,1447,1474]" degrees="107.99256" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" precision="1" value="107.99256">E107.99256</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="78E0D1DDFFBDFF9DFC93FA4AFC7C94C0" box="[788,900,1447,1474]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="134.0">
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asl
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</elevation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBDFF9DFC16FA4AFC1E94C0" box="[913,998,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-257@2.[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Vietnam, Cambodia, northeast Thailand, Laos and southern China. The red star represents the tadpole collection site in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province. The blue star represents the tadpole collection site in Loc Tien Commune, Thua Thien Hue Province; (B) microhabitat of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762814/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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) on the
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<collectingDate id="9737E9C6FFBDFF9DFBC3FA4AFB0E94C0" box="[1092,1270,1447,1473]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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<date id="8773102EFFBDFF9DFBC3FA4AFB0E94C0" box="[1092,1270,1447,1473]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" value="2019-04-08">
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08
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April, 2019
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</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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||||
</materialsCitation>
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At the time of collection, the air temperature was 27.0
|
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<superScript id="04B89BA6FFBDFF9DFDCEFA27FD9E94E5" attach="right" box="[585,614,1482,1508]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">oC</superScript>
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, water temperature 25.4
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and ambient humidity was 89.8% (measured by a Kestrel 3500 weather meter). The tadpoles were collected from a small pool beside a large stream. The puddle had a
|
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<quantity id="34359B0BFFBDFF9DFF2DF9E2FF11972B" box="[170,233,1551,1578]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.5">
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<elevation id="78E0D1DDFFBDFF9DFF2DF9E2FF11972B" box="[170,233,1551,1578]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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radius, and a maximum depth of
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<quantity id="34359B0BFFBDFF9DFDDBF9E2FD66972B" box="[604,670,1551,1578]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.2">
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<elevation id="78E0D1DDFFBDFF9DFDDBF9E2FD66972B" box="[604,670,1551,1578]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||||
. At the time of collection, approximately 15 tadpoles were active and feeding. The substrate consisted of rocks and stone and a layer of submerged leaf litter (
|
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<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBDFF9DFBD1F9DFFB53974D" box="[1110,1195,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-257@2.[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Vietnam, Cambodia, northeast Thailand, Laos and southern China. The red star represents the tadpole collection site in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province. The blue star represents the tadpole collection site in Loc Tien Commune, Thua Thien Hue Province; (B) microhabitat of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762814/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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).
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="43A53CB3FFBDFF9DFB39F9DFFCE297B4" collectingDate="2024-01-15" collectingMethod="at night" collectionCode="ITBCZ" country="Vietnam" elevation="458" latitude="16.11176" location="Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.47611" municipality="A Luoi District" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" specimenCode="ITBCZ 3628, ITBCZ 3629, ITBCZ 3630, ITBCZ 3631, ITBCZ 3632, ITBCZ 3633, ITBCZ 3634, ITBCZ 3635" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="Thua Thien Hue Province">
|
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Adult
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBDFF9DFA84F9DEFA64974D" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1283,1436,1586,1612]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBDFF9DFA84F9DEFA64974D" box="[1283,1436,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were not seen at the collection site. A further
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E5CBFD67FFBDFF9DFD0BF9B8FCEB976E" box="[652,787,1621,1647]" count="8" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="A36B9E95FFBDFF9DFCA5F9B8FC25976E" box="[802,989,1620,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">ITBCZ 3628–35</specimenCode>
|
||||
) collected
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="2A8C4EF9FFBDFF9DFBD1F9B8FB52976E" box="[1110,1194,1621,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">at night</collectingMethod>
|
||||
in evergreen forest in
|
||||
<location id="F6126035FFBDFF9DFF10F99AFE129793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED:F6126035FFBDFF9DFF10F99AFE129793" box="[151,490,1655,1682]" country="Vietnam" latitude="16.11176" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.47611" municipality="A Luoi District" name="Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" stateProvince="Thua Thien Hue Province">Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="1316AC94FFBDFF9DFE74F99AFD649790" box="[499,668,1655,1681]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">A Luoi District</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3109F80CFFBDFF9DFD21F99AFC3D9790" box="[678,965,1655,1682]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Thua Thien Hue Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBDFF9DFC57F99AFBD69790" box="[976,1070,1655,1681]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="96F95029FFBDFF9DFBBCF99AFB429790" box="[1083,1210,1655,1681]" degrees="16.11176" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" precision="1" value="16.11176">N16.11176</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="96F95029FFBDFF9DFB43F99AFAB49790" box="[1220,1356,1655,1681]" degrees="107.47611" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" precision="1" value="107.47611">E107.47611</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<elevation id="78E0D1DDFFBDFF9DFAD0F99AFF4197B5" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.58" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="458.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="34359B0BFFBDFF9DFAD0F99AFA659793" box="[1367,1437,1655,1682]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.58" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="458.0">458 m</quantity>
|
||||
asl
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBDFF9DFF42F977FE8097B5" box="[197,376,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-257@2.[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Vietnam, Cambodia, northeast Thailand, Laos and southern China. The red star represents the tadpole collection site in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province. The blue star represents the tadpole collection site in Loc Tien Commune, Thua Thien Hue Province; (B) microhabitat of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762814/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Figs. 1A and 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) on the
|
||||
<date id="8773102EFFBDFF9DFE53F977FD4E97B5" box="[468,694,1690,1717]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" value="2024-01-15">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="9737E9C6FFBDFF9DFE53F977FD4E97B5" box="[468,694,1690,1717]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
15
|
||||
<superScript id="04B89BA6FFBDFF9DFE77F977FE0597A9" attach="left" box="[496,509,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">th</superScript>
|
||||
of January 2024
|
||||
</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
at 21:15
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
. At the time of collection the air temperature was 20.1
|
||||
<superScript id="04B89BA6FFBDFF9DFAFCF977FA6097B5" attach="right" box="[1403,1432,1690,1716]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">oC</superScript>
|
||||
, the water temperature was 19.2
|
||||
<superScript id="04B89BA6FFBDFF9DFE71F950FDE897D6" attach="right" box="[502,528,1725,1751]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">oC</superScript>
|
||||
and ambient humidity was 99.2% (measured by Kestrel 3500 weather meter). The tadpoles were collected from a puddle in a dry stream bed. The puddle had a
|
||||
<quantity id="34359B0BFFBDFF9DFC68F932FBD697FB" box="[1007,1070,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.5">
|
||||
<elevation id="78E0D1DDFFBDFF9DFC68F932FBD697FB" box="[1007,1070,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
radius, and a maximum depth of
|
||||
<quantity id="34359B0BFFBDFF9DFF10F8EFFF21961D" box="[151,217,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.2">
|
||||
<elevation id="78E0D1DDFFBDFF9DFF10F8EFFF21961D" box="[151,217,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
. At the time of collection, approximately 11 tadpoles were active and feeding. The substrate consisted of rocks and stone and a layer of submerged leaf litter (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBDFF9DFD1DF8C8FD08963E" box="[666,752,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-257@2.[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Vietnam, Cambodia, northeast Thailand, Laos and southern China. The red star represents the tadpole collection site in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province. The blue star represents the tadpole collection site in Loc Tien Commune, Thua Thien Hue Province; (B) microhabitat of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762814/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Adult
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBDFF9DFCCDF8C8FC1C963E" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[842,996,1829,1855]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBDFF9DFCCDF8C8FC1C963E" box="[842,996,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were not seen at the collection site.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BBD76565FFBDFF9CFF40F8AAFAEC9384" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBDFF9DFF40F8AAFAE596ED" blockId="0.[151,1437,789,2028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
Specimens were photographed in life before being euthanised using a 20% solution of benzocaine which was dissolved in stream water held in food grade plastic bags of water containing live tadpoles. Tissue samples (tail clips) for molecular analyses were extracted from freshly euthanised specimens and stored in absolute ethanol prior to fixation of specimens with 10% formalin for 24 hours and subsequent storage in absolute ethanol. Specimens were subsequently deposited at the Institute of Tropical Biology Zoological Collection (ITBCZ),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3109F80CFFBDFF9DFC6FF83FFB5796ED" box="[1000,1199,2002,2028]" country="Vietnam" name="Ho Chi Minh City" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Ho Chi Minh City</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBDFF9DFB3DF83FFAE296ED" box="[1210,1306,2002,2028]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBCFF9CFF40FF7AFAEC9384" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFF40FF7AFEF891B0" box="[199,256,151,177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Total</collectorName>
|
||||
genomic DNA was extracted from ethanol-preserved tissues using a DNeasy®
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFB23FF7AFB1091B0" box="[1188,1256,151,177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Blood</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFAA1FF7AFA6491B0" box="[1318,1436,151,177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Tissue Kit</collectorName>
|
||||
(QIAGEN GmbH,
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFE07FF56FE3791D4" box="[384,463,187,213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Hilden</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBCFF9CFE63FF56FDA991D4" box="[484,593,187,213]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), following the manufacturer’s protocols for purification of genomic DNA from animal tissues.
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFE55FF32FE0F91F8" box="[466,503,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">We</collectorName>
|
||||
amplified a section (550 bp) of 16S (mtDNA) using the primers 16SL2021 (5’ CCTACCGAGCTTAGTAATAGCTGGTT-3’) modified from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFCD4FEEEFC02901C" author="Hedges, S. B." box="[851,1018,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="2621 - 2624" refId="ref4408" refString="Hedges, S. B. (1994) Molecular evidence for the origin of birds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91, 2621 - 2624. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 91.7.2621" type="journal article" year="1994">Hedges (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
16SH1 (5’-CTCCGGTCTGAACTC AGATCACGTAGG-3’) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFE5DFECAFCE99040" author="Hedges, S. B. & Maxson, L. R." box="[474,785,295,321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="27 - 42" refId="ref4457" refString="Hedges, S. B. & Maxson, L. R. (1993) A molecular perspective on lissamphibian phylogeny. Herpetological Monographs, 7, 27 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1466949" type="journal article" year="1993">Hedges & Maxson (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. PCR amplification was carried out in 25-μL reactions volume, including 12.5-μL 2 x
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFD8EFEA6FD449064" box="[521,700,331,357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">ES Master Mix</collectorName>
|
||||
(CWBIO,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBCFF9CFCC7FEA6FC7F9064" box="[832,903,331,357]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), 0.75-μL of each primer (10 pmol/μL), 1-μL of cDNA template, and 10-μL H
|
||||
<subScript id="6F4934ABFFBCFF9CFD9FFE6CFDD8908E" attach="both" box="[536,544,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2</subScript>
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFDA7FE82FD549088" box="[544,684,367,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">O. Negative</collectorName>
|
||||
controls were included in each PCR batch.
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFB3DFE82FA9D9088" box="[1210,1381,367,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Thermocycling</collectorName>
|
||||
was performed on an
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFED9FE7EFD8890AC" box="[350,624,403,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Eppendorf Mastercycler</collectorName>
|
||||
EpS (
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFD3FFE7EFCCB90AC" box="[696,819,403,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Eppendorf</collectorName>
|
||||
, Hamburg,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBCFF9CFC3DFE7EFBDC90AC" box="[954,1060,403,429]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) under the following conditions: initial denaturation 94°C (5 mins), followed by 35 cycles of 94°C (1 min) denaturation, 55°C (1 min) annealing and 72°C (1 min) extension, followed by a final extension step at 72°C (10 mins).
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFC7FFE36FBE490F4" box="[1016,1052,475,501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">All</collectorName>
|
||||
PCR products were purified using ExoSap-ITTM (USB
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFE17FE12FDE29318" box="[400,538,511,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Corporation</collectorName>
|
||||
, Ohio USA), and sequenced in both 5’ and 3’ directions at
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFB56FE12FABB9318" box="[1233,1347,511,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Macrogen</collectorName>
|
||||
(Seoul,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBCFF9CFF10FDCEFED2933C" box="[151,298,547,573]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFEBBFDCEFE5F933C" box="[316,423,547,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Sequence</collectorName>
|
||||
chromatograms were edited and checked by eye for quality using
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFB15FDCEFAF0933C" box="[1170,1288,547,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">BioEdit V.</collectorName>
|
||||
7.0.5.3 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFAEDFDCEFF2B9360" author="Hall, T. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref4369" refString="Hall, T. A. (1999) BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95 / 98 / NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1999">Hall 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFF6EFDAAFEED9360" box="[233,277,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">The</collectorName>
|
||||
new sequences were then checked on BLAST (
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFCB8FDAAFBD39360" box="[831,1067,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">The National Center</collectorName>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<collectorName id="5E385338FFBCFF9CFBD8FDAAFA6D9360" box="[1119,1429,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Biotechnology Information</collectorName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFF18FD86FE7A9384" author="Altschul, S. F. & Gish, W. & Miller, W. & Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J." box="[159,386,619,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="403 - 410" refId="ref3854" refString="Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215, 403 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0022 - 2836 (05) 80360 - 2" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||||
Altschul
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBCFF9CFE8FFD86FEC29384" box="[264,314,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 1990
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) to verify their approximate identity and sequences were deposited in GenBank.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BBD76565FFBCFF9CFA9CFD86FD4292A4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBCFF9CFA9CFD86FD4292A4" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="43A53CB3FFBCFF9CFA9CFD86FAEA93CC" accessionNumber="PQ757240" collectionCode="ITBCZ" location="Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" specimenCode="ITBCZ 3628" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
Tadpoles at both sites were assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBCFF9CFE52FD62FD8A93A8" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[469,626,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBCFF9CFE52FD62FD8A93A8" box="[469,626,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based upon mitochondrial 16S RNA sequences taken from the tails of
|
||||
<specimenCode id="A36B9E95FFBCFF9CFF10FD5EFED193CC" box="[151,297,691,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">ITBCZ 3628</specimenCode>
|
||||
(GenBank accession number
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="EC9EAB0DFFBCFF9CFDF9FD5FFD0093CC" box="[638,760,690,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">PQ757240</accessionNumber>
|
||||
) collected from
|
||||
<location id="F6126035FFBCFF9CFC33FD5EFAEA93CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED:F6126035FFBCFF9CFC33FD5EFAEA93CC" box="[948,1298,691,717]" name="Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve</location>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="43A53CB3FFBCFF9CFA9CFD5EFD349214" accessionNumber="PQ757247" collectionCode="ITBCZ" location="Loc Tien Commune" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" specimenCode="ITBCZ 3638" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCode id="A36B9E95FFBCFF9CFACCFD5EFF3793F0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">ITBCZ 3638</specimenCode>
|
||||
(GenBank accession number
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="EC9EAB0DFFBCFF9CFD99FD3BFD6093F0" box="[542,664,726,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">PQ757247</accessionNumber>
|
||||
) collected from
|
||||
<location id="F6126035FFBCFF9CFCC8FD3AFBCA93F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED:F6126035FFBCFF9CFCC8FD3AFBCA93F0" box="[847,1074,727,753]" name="Loc Tien Commune" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Loc Tien Commune</location>
|
||||
. Uncorrected p-distances of 16S mtDNA between these two specimens was 0.19%.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="43A53CB3FFBCFF9CFD54FD16FDE79280" accessionNumber="KU599852" collectionCode="KIZ" country="China" location="Xishuangbanna" municipality="Xishuangbanna" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" specimenCode="KIZ011728" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">
|
||||
Uncorrected p-distances of 16S mtDNA between the 2 tadpoles collected from Thua Thien Hue Province and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBCFF9CFD6FFCF2FC7E9238" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[744,902,799,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBCFF9CFD6FFCF2FC7E9238" box="[744,902,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collected from their approximate type locality
|
||||
<quantity id="34359B0BFFBCFF9CFF10FCAFFF04925C" box="[151,252,834,861]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" unit="km" value="1350.0">
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="E2C02FCCFFBCFF9CFF10FCAFFF04925C" box="[151,252,834,861]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" unit="km" value="1350.0">1350 km</locationDeviation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
to the
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="E2C02FCCFFBCFF9CFEC9FCAEFE47925C" box="[334,447,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">northwest</locationDeviation>
|
||||
, in
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="1316AC94FFBCFF9CFE6CFCAEFD64925C" box="[491,668,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Xishuangbanna</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3109F80CFFBCFF9CFD2FFCAEFC94925C" box="[680,876,835,861]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BDA767EFFBCFF9CFCFDFCAEFC45925C" box="[890,957,835,861]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="A36B9E95FFBCFF9CFC4AFCAEFBAB925C" box="[973,1107,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">KIZ011728</specimenCode>
|
||||
, GenBank accession number
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="EC9EAB0DFFBCFF9CFF10FC8BFEEE9280" box="[151,278,870,897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">KU599852</accessionNumber>
|
||||
) differed by 1.7–1.9%
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
. Uncorrected p-distance (with partial deletion of gaps and missing data) was calculated using MEGA 11 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFE53FC66FD5692A4" author="Tamura, K. & Stecher, G. & Kumar, S." box="[468,686,907,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="3022 - 3027" refId="ref5353" refString="Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. In: Battistuzzi, F. U. (Ed.), Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022 - 3027. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msab 120" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||||
Tamura
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBCFF9CFDB4FC66FD9C92A4" box="[563,612,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BBD76565FFBCFF99FF40FC42FB569360" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBCFF9CFF40FC42FD07957C" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
We used ImageJ 1.49 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFE39FC42FD5392C8" author="Schneider, C. A. & Rasband, W. S. & Eliceiri, K. W." box="[446,683,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="671 - 675" refId="ref5083" refString="Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S. & Eliceiri, K. W. (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis, Nature Methods, 9, 671 - 675." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||||
Schneider
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBCFF9CFDB2FC42FD9D92C8" box="[565,613,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2012
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) to measure preserved tadpoles from photographs. Staging followed the
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFF42FC3EFE9492EC" author="Gosner, K. L." box="[197,364,979,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="183 - 190" refId="ref4338" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
table and we used
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFDD1FC3EFC6D92EC" author="Altig, R. & McDiarmid, R. W." box="[598,917,979,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="295 - 337" refId="ref3792" refString="Altig, R. & McDiarmid, R. W. (1999) Body plan: development and morphology. In: McDiarmid, R. W. & Altig, R. (Eds.), Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 295 - 337." type="book chapter" year="1999">Altig & McDiarmid (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for the terminology for tadpole description. Measurements followed
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFBCFF9CFE29FC1AFD989510" author="McLeod, D. S." box="[430,608,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="26 - 46" refId="ref4829" refString="McLeod, D. S. (2008) A new species of big-headed, fanged dicroglossine frog (Genus Limnonectes) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 1807, 26 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1807.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">McLeod (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and include: body length (BL), tail length (TL), total length (ToL), body width (BW), body height (BH), eye diameter (LED), interorbital distance (LIO), internarial distance (LIN), naris– snout distance (LNS), eye–naris distance (LEN), spiracle tube width (SW), tail muscle height at body junction (TMH1) and mid length (TMH2), and tail height (TH).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A7B26666FFBCFF9CFF10FB48FB1695BE" ID-Table-UUID="A7B26666FFBCFF9CFF10FB48FB1695BE" box="[151,1262,1189,1216]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A7B26666FFBCFF9CFF10FB48FB1695BE" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" startId="1.[151,244,1189,1215]" targetBox="[163,1412,1231,1999]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBCFF9CFF10FB48FB1695BE" blockId="1.[151,1262,1189,1216]" box="[151,1262,1189,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBCFF9CFF10FB48FEE995BE" bold="true" box="[151,273,1189,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Measurements (in mm) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBCFF9CFDC5FB4BFCAC95BE" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[578,852,1189,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBCFF9CFDC5FB4BFCAC95BE" box="[578,852,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Limnonectes bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpole specimens: range (average).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBCFF9CFF24FB0CFAB496BC" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<table id="81CDC44EFFBC0062FF24FB22FA7C96CE" box="[163,1412,1231,1999]" gridcols="9" gridrows="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24FB22FA7C940A" box="[163,1412,1231,1291]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24FB22FEFD940A" box="[163,261,1231,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Character</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99FB22FE59940A" box="[286,417,1231,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 26 (N=2)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CFB22FDCF940A" box="[443,567,1231,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 27 (N=4)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAFB22FD5D940A" box="[589,677,1231,1291]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 28 (N=1)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38FB22FCBB940A" box="[703,835,1231,1291]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 31 (N=3)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDFB22FC25940A" box="[858,989,1231,1291]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 32 (N=2)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72FB22FB80940A" box="[1013,1144,1231,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 34 (N=3)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17FB22FAEB940A" box="[1168,1299,1231,1291]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 35 (N=4)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABFB22FA7C940A" box="[1324,1412,1231,1291]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Stage 41 (N=1)</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24FAF6FA7C9459" box="[163,1412,1307,1368]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24FAF6FEFD9459" box="[163,261,1307,1368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">BL</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99FAF6FE599459" box="[286,417,1307,1368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">8.3–8.8 (8.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CFAF6FDCF9459" box="[443,567,1307,1368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">8.5–9.6 (8.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAFAF6FD5D9459" box="[589,677,1307,1368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">9.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38FAF6FCBB9459" box="[703,835,1307,1368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">10.5–12.2 (11.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDFAF6FC259459" box="[858,989,1307,1368]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">11.6–12.2 (11.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72FAF6FB809459" box="[1013,1144,1307,1368]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">12.3–12.9 (12.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17FAF6FAEB9459" box="[1168,1299,1307,1368]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">12.6–13.9 (13.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABFAF6FA7C9459" box="[1324,1412,1307,1368]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">14.2</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24FA85FA7C94A5" box="[163,1412,1384,1444]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24FA85FEFD94A5" box="[163,261,1384,1444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">TL</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99FA85FE5994A5" box="[286,417,1384,1444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">13.9–15.2 (14.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CFA85FDCF94A5" box="[443,567,1384,1444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">14.1–15.4 (14.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAFA85FD5D94A5" box="[589,677,1384,1444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">15.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38FA85FCBB94A5" box="[703,835,1384,1444]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">19.2–22.0 (20.7)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDFA85FC2594A5" box="[858,989,1384,1444]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">21.6–22.6 (22.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72FA85FB8094A5" box="[1013,1144,1384,1444]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">25.5–27.7 (26.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17FA85FAEB94A5" box="[1168,1299,1384,1444]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">24.9–28.3 (26.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABFA85FA7C94A5" box="[1324,1412,1384,1444]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">33.5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24FA59FA7C94F1" box="[163,1412,1460,1520]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24FA59FEFD94F1" box="[163,261,1460,1520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">ToL</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99FA59FE5994F1" box="[286,417,1460,1520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">22.0–24.0 (23.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CFA59FDCF94F1" box="[443,567,1460,1520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">22.6–25.0 (23.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAFA59FD5D94F1" box="[589,677,1460,1520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">24.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38FA59FCBB94F1" box="[703,835,1460,1520]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">31.4–32.9 (31.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDFA59FC2594F1" box="[858,989,1460,1520]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">33.8–34.2 (34.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72FA59FB8094F1" box="[1013,1144,1460,1520]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">37.8–40.0 (38.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17FA59FAEB94F1" box="[1168,1299,1460,1520]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">37.5–42.2 (39.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABFA59FA7C94F1" box="[1324,1412,1460,1520]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">47.7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F9EDFA7C9719" box="[163,1412,1536,1560]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F9EDFEFD9719" box="[163,261,1536,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">BW</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F9EDFE599719" box="[286,417,1536,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">4.9–5.0 (5.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF9EDFDCF9719" box="[443,567,1536,1560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">4.7–5.5 (5.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF9EDFD5D9719" box="[589,677,1536,1560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">5.1</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F9EDFCBB9719" box="[703,835,1536,1560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">6.4–6.7 (6.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF9EDFC259719" box="[858,989,1536,1560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">7.0–7.1 (7.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F9EDFB809719" box="[1013,1144,1536,1560]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">6.9–7.4 (7.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F9EDFAEB9719" box="[1168,1299,1536,1560]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">4.3–7.8 (6.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF9EDFA7C9719" box="[1324,1412,1536,1560]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">8.8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F9C5FA7C9740" box="[163,1412,1576,1601]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F9C5FEFD9740" box="[163,261,1576,1601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">BH</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F9C5FE599740" box="[286,417,1576,1601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.6–2.7 (2.7)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF9C5FDCF9740" box="[443,567,1576,1601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.7–3.1 (2.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF9C5FD5D9740" box="[589,677,1576,1601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F9C5FCBB9740" box="[703,835,1576,1601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.2–3.7 (3.4)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF9C5FC259740" box="[858,989,1576,1601]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.5–3.8 (3.7)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F9C5FB809740" box="[1013,1144,1576,1601]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.7–3.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F9C5FAEB9740" box="[1168,1299,1576,1601]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.4–4.3 (3.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF9C5FA7C9740" box="[1324,1412,1576,1601]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">4.4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F9BCFA7C9768" box="[163,1412,1617,1641]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F9BCFEFD9768" box="[163,261,1617,1641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">LED</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F9BCFE599768" box="[286,417,1617,1641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF9BCFDCF9768" box="[443,567,1617,1641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9–1.0 (0.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF9BCFD5D9768" box="[589,677,1617,1641]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F9BCFCBB9768" box="[703,835,1617,1641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9–1.2 (1.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF9BCFC259768" box="[858,989,1617,1641]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.1–1.2 (1.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F9BCFB809768" box="[1013,1144,1617,1641]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9–1.1 (1.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F9BCFAEB9768" box="[1168,1299,1617,1641]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.2–1.3 (1.3)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF9BCFA7C9768" box="[1324,1412,1617,1641]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.2</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F994FA7C9790" box="[163,1412,1657,1681]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F994FEFD9790" box="[163,261,1657,1681]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">LIO</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F994FE599790" box="[286,417,1657,1681]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.6 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF994FDCF9790" box="[443,567,1657,1681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.5–1.7 (1.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF994FD5D9790" box="[589,677,1657,1681]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F994FCBB9790" box="[703,835,1657,1681]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.1–2.2 (2.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF994FC259790" box="[858,989,1657,1681]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.1–2.2 (2.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F994FB809790" box="[1013,1144,1657,1681]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.1–2.2 (2.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F994FAEB9790" box="[1168,1299,1657,1681]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.2–2.6 (2.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF994FA7C9790" box="[1324,1412,1657,1681]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F94CFA7C97B8" box="[163,1412,1697,1721]" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F94CFEFD97B8" box="[163,261,1697,1721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">LIN</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F94CFE5997B8" box="[286,417,1697,1721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.5 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF94CFDCF97B8" box="[443,567,1697,1721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.5–1.6 (1.5)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF94CFD5D97B8" box="[589,677,1697,1721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F94CFCBB97B8" box="[703,835,1697,1721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.8–1.9 (1.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF94CFC2597B8" box="[858,989,1697,1721]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.9 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F94CFB8097B8" box="[1013,1144,1697,1721]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.4–1.9 (1.7)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F94CFAEB97B8" box="[1168,1299,1697,1721]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9–2.9 (1.7)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF94CFA7C97B8" box="[1324,1412,1697,1721]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F924FA7C97E3" box="[163,1412,1737,1762]" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F924FEFD97E3" box="[163,261,1737,1762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">LNS</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F924FE5997E3" box="[286,417,1737,1762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.2 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF924FDCF97E3" box="[443,567,1737,1762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.0–1.3 (1.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF924FD5D97E3" box="[589,677,1737,1762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F924FCBB97E3" box="[703,835,1737,1762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.3 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF924FC2597E3" box="[858,989,1737,1762]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.3–1.4 (1.4)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F924FB8097E3" box="[1013,1144,1737,1762]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9–1.4 (1.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F924FAEB97E3" box="[1168,1299,1737,1762]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.8–1.5 (1.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF924FA7C97E3" box="[1324,1412,1737,1762]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F91FFA7C960B" box="[163,1412,1778,1802]" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F91FFEFD960B" box="[163,261,1778,1802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">LEN</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F91FFE59960B" box="[286,417,1778,1802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.8–0.9 (0.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF91FFDCF960B" box="[443,567,1778,1802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.8–0.9 (0.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF91FFD5D960B" box="[589,677,1778,1802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.0</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F91FFCBB960B" box="[703,835,1778,1802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.1–1.3 (1.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF91FFC25960B" box="[858,989,1778,1802]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.2–1.3 (1.3)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F91FFB80960B" box="[1013,1144,1778,1802]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.1–1.5 (1.3)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F91FFAEB960B" box="[1168,1299,1778,1802]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.9–1.8 (1.4)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF91FFA7C960B" box="[1324,1412,1778,1802]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F8F7FA7C9633" box="[163,1412,1818,1842]" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F8F7FEFD9633" box="[163,261,1818,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">SW</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F8F7FE599633" box="[286,417,1818,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.2 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF8F7FDCF9633" box="[443,567,1818,1842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.2–0.3 (0.3)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF8F7FD5D9633" box="[589,677,1818,1842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F8F7FCBB9633" box="[703,835,1818,1842]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.3 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF8F7FC259633" box="[858,989,1818,1842]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.3 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F8F7FB809633" box="[1013,1144,1818,1842]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.2–0.3 (0.2)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F8F7FAEB9633" box="[1168,1299,1818,1842]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.2–0.3 (0.3)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF8F7FA7C9633" box="[1324,1412,1818,1842]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">0.3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F8AFFA7C965B" box="[163,1412,1858,1882]" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F8AFFEFD965B" box="[163,261,1858,1882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">TMH1</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F8AFFE59965B" box="[286,417,1858,1882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.0–2.1 (2.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF8AFFDCF965B" box="[443,567,1858,1882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.2–2.4 (2.3)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF8AFFD5D965B" box="[589,677,1858,1882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F8AFFCBB965B" box="[703,835,1858,1882]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.4–3.0 (2.7)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF8AFFC25965B" box="[858,989,1858,1882]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.7 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F8AFFB80965B" box="[1013,1144,1858,1882]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.9–3.0 (3.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F8AFFAEB965B" box="[1168,1299,1858,1882]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.9–3.0 (3.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF8AFFA7C965B" box="[1324,1412,1858,1882]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F886FA7C9682" box="[163,1412,1899,1923]" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F886FEFD9682" box="[163,261,1899,1923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">TMH2</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F886FE599682" box="[286,417,1899,1923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.7–1.8 (1.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF886FDCF9682" box="[443,567,1899,1923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">1.7–1.9 (1.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF886FD5D9682" box="[589,677,1899,1923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.0</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F886FCBB9682" box="[703,835,1899,1923]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.1–2.9 (2.4)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF886FC259682" box="[858,989,1899,1923]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.4 (-)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F886FB809682" box="[1013,1144,1899,1923]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">2.7–3.1 (2.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F886FAEB9682" box="[1168,1299,1899,1923]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.0–3.2 (3.1)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF886FA7C9682" box="[1324,1412,1899,1923]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4DFD34ACFFBC0062FF24F87EFA7C96CE" box="[163,1412,1939,1999]" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<th id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FF24F87EFEFD96CE" box="[163,261,1939,1999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">TH</th>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE99F87EFE5996CE" box="[286,417,1939,1999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.4–3.8 (3.6)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FE3CF87EFDCF96CE" box="[443,567,1939,1999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">3.6–4.0 (3.9)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FDCAF87EFD5D96CE" box="[589,677,1939,1999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">4.0</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FD38F87EFCBB96CE" box="[703,835,1939,1999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">4.7–5.2 (5.0)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FCDDF87EFC2596CE" box="[858,989,1939,1999]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">5.6–5.9 (5.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FC72F87EFB8096CE" box="[1013,1144,1939,1999]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">6.6–6.9 (6.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FB17F87EFAEB96CE" box="[1168,1299,1939,1999]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">6.7–7.0 (6.8)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E2C5DD0FFBC0062FAABF87EFA7C96CE" box="[1324,1412,1939,1999]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">6.5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBFFF9FFF40FF7AFB649360" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">
|
||||
The description of tadpole morphology is based on
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E5CBFD67FFBFFF9FFD7AFF7AFC6991B0" box="[765,913,151,177]" count="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="590" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
collected in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve and Phu Loc District (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBFFF9FFEE4FF56FE3791D4" box="[355,463,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,250,1028,1052]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1428,187,1044]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1431,1158,1611]" captionTargetBox-3="[335,1251,638,1005]" captionTargetId-0="figure-257@2.[151,1436,633,1806]" captionTargetId-1="figure-31@3.[151,1435,181,1050]" captionTargetId-2="figure-59@3.[151,1435,1158,1615]" captionTargetId-3="figure-269@4.[331,1256,633,1005]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Vietnam, Cambodia, northeast Thailand, Laos and southern China. The red star represents the tadpole collection site in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province. The blue star represents the tadpole collection site in Loc Tien Commune, Thua Thien Hue Province; (B) microhabitat of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole (preserved, ITBCZ 3633, Stage 27) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views. Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3 Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in life: lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of tadpole ITBCZ 3628, Stage 31 (A–C) and ITBCZ 3629, Stage 28 (E–F). Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Oral disc of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole ITBCZ 3628 in life, Stage 31. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762814" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762816" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762818" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762820" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14762814/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14762816/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14762818/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14762820/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="BE4F0355FFBFFF9FFE5BFF56FDD691D4" box="[476,558,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1189,1215]" captionTargetBox="[163,1412,1231,1999]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole specimens: range (average)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A7B26666FFBCFF9CFF10FB48FB1695BE" pageId="2" pageNumber="590" tableUuid="A7B26666FFBCFF9CFF10FB48FB1695BE">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
) at Stages 26–41. Body elongated (BW 31.0–62.0% BL), and depressed (BH 46.0–61.0% of BW); snout rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBFFF9FFDA9FF32FD6191F8" box="[558,665,223,249]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1028,1052]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1428,187,1044]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1431,1158,1611]" captionTargetBox-2="[335,1251,638,1005]" captionTargetId-0="figure-31@3.[151,1435,181,1050]" captionTargetId-1="figure-59@3.[151,1435,1158,1615]" captionTargetId-2="figure-269@4.[331,1256,633,1005]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole (preserved, ITBCZ 3633, Stage 27) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views. Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3 Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in life: lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of tadpole ITBCZ 3628, Stage 31 (A–C) and ITBCZ 3629, Stage 28 (E–F). Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Oral disc of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole ITBCZ 3628 in life, Stage 31. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762816" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762818" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762820" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14762816/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14762818/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14762820/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
); nares anterodorsally positioned, typically closer to eyes than to tip of snout, rim not raised; eyes positioned dorsolaterally, oriented laterally, comparatively small (LED 7.0–11.0% of BL); conical tube shaped sinistral spiracle, positioned anteriorly to the widest part of the body, closer to eye than to end of body, fused to body with a free short distal portion; tail muscle long, tail length approximately twice body length (TL 157.0–236.0% of BL) pointed tail tip, tail musculature distinct, muscle height greatest at tail base and gradually tapers towards tail tip, tail fins prominent, both upper and lower tail fins reach maximum height approximately half way along tail length; cup-like, emarginated oral disc, anteroventrally positioned, fringed with single row of short, lobed papillae interrupted in a wide dorsal gap and a short ventral gap. Two upper rows of keratinised labial teeth with medial gap in 2
|
||||
<superScript id="04B89BA6FFBFFF9FFEFDFE13FE72930D" attach="left" box="[378,394,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">nd</superScript>
|
||||
row; three lower rows of keratinised labial teeth with a medial gap in 1
|
||||
<superScript id="04B89BA6FFBFFF9FFB26FE12FB54930C" attach="left" box="[1185,1196,511,525]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">st</superScript>
|
||||
row [labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1)]; jaw sheaths black, robust; upper jaw sheath broadly curved, with distinctly serrated edges and a distinct medial convexity, lower jaw sheath developed with distinctly serrated edges (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBFFF9FFBCDFDAAFB779360" box="[1098,1167,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1028,1052]" captionTargetBox="[335,1251,638,1005]" captionTargetId="figure-269@4.[331,1256,633,1005]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oral disc of Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole ITBCZ 3628 in life, Stage 31. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762820/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A7B26666FFBFFF9FFF10F8C8FD9C96A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14762814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762814/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="590" startId="2.[151,250,1829,1853]" targetBox="[151,1436,633,1806]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBFFF9FFF10F8C8FD9C96A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1829,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBFFF9FFF10F8C8FEEB963C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1829,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
(A) Map of Vietnam, Cambodia, northeast Thailand, Laos and southern China. The red star represents the tadpole collection site in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province. The blue star represents the tadpole collection site in Loc Tien Commune, Thua Thien Hue Province; (B) microhabitat of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBFFF9FFCCCF883FBBB9684" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[843,1091,1901,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBFFF9FFCCCF883FBBB9684" box="[843,1091,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="590">Limnonectes bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpoles in Sao La A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="A7B26666FFBEFF9EFF10FBDFFE61956F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14762816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762816/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="591" startId="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" targetBox="[157,1428,187,1044]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBEFF9EFF10FBDFFE61956F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBEFF9EFF10FBDFFEE8954B" bold="true" box="[151,272,1074,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBEFF9EFE99FBDEFDE1954B" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[286,537,1074,1098]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="591" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBEFF9EFE99FBDEFDE1954B" box="[286,537,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">Limnonectes bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpole (preserved, ITBCZ 3633, Stage 27) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views. Scale bar = 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="A7B26666FFBEFF9EFF10F98AFD4997A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14762818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="591" startId="3.[151,250,1639,1663]" targetBox="[151,1431,1158,1611]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBEFF9EFF10F98AFD4997A2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1639,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBEFF9EFF10F98AFEF5977E" bold="true" box="[151,269,1639,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFBEFF9EFE94F985FDF3977E" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[275,523,1639,1663]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="591" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFBEFF9EFE94F985FDF3977E" box="[275,523,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">Limnonectes bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpoles in life: lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of tadpole ITBCZ 3628, Stage 31 (A–C) and ITBCZ 3629, Stage 28 (E–F). Scale bar = 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFBEFF99FF40F93FFDAB91F8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">
|
||||
Colouration. In preservative (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBEFF9EFD9EF93FFDA797ED" box="[537,607,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,187,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-31@3.[151,1435,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole (preserved, ITBCZ 3633, Stage 27) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views. Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762816/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), body and tail cream with dark brown flecks which increase in density on the dorsal surface of body posterior to eyes, these flecks form a brown bar running from anterior edge of eye to snout; tail fin similar to colouration in life; pupil milky, iris black. In life (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFBEFF9EFB80F8F7FBB49635" box="[1031,1100,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,1158,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[151,1435,1158,1615]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3 Limnonectes bannaensis tadpoles in life: lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of tadpole ITBCZ 3628, Stage 31 (A–C) and ITBCZ 3629, Stage 28 (E–F). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="591">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
), light brown body with dark brown flecks which increase in density on dorsal surface of body posterior to eyes, these flecks form a brown bar running from anterior edge of eyes, joining at tip of snout; oral disc translucent; whitish neuromasts arranged in two mirroring lines running from snout between nares and eyes, running dorsolaterally along body before continuing along lateral surfaces of tail muscle, whitish neuromasts surround each eye; pupil black and round; iris orange, speckled with black dots; internal gills distinctly reddish; tail beige-brown, upper and lower tail fins cream, tail fins with two equally spaced, bold, broad, black bars, stripes and in some individuals, blotches; one saddle at body tail junction, other immediately after it. These saddles extend to stripes on latter half of tail; translucent skin on ventral surface of body, gut coil clearly visible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFB9FF99FF40FEEEFB569360" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
Variation.Tail tips missing in ITBCZ 3639 and ITBCZ 3642. The colouration of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FBB0FEEEFB28901C" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1079,1232,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FBB0FEEEFB28901C" box="[1079,1232,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpoles collected from Thua Thien Hue Province in this study differs from those collected further north from their
|
||||
<typeStatus id="2C76884CFFB9FF99FB67FECAFAE89040" box="[1248,1296,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality and from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3109F80CFFB9FF99FF51FEA6FE529064" box="[214,426,331,357]" country="Vietnam" name="Nghe An" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Nghe An Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="1A134E62FFB9FF99FE32FEA6FE199064" box="[437,481,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">The</collectingCounty>
|
||||
equally spaced, bold, broad, black bars and blotches are absent in these populations (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FF19FE82FEC79088" author="Ye, C. - Y. & Fei, L. & Xie, F. & Jiang, J. - P." box="[158,319,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="545 - 550" refId="ref5470" refString="Ye, C. - Y., Fei, L., Xie, F. & Jiang, J. - P. (2007) A new Ranidae species from China - Limnonectes bannaensis (Ranidae: Anura). Zoological Research. Kunming, 28, 545 - 550." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Ye
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FF42FE82FF0E9088" box="[197,246,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FECCFE82FE039088" author="Cao, T. T. & Nguyen T. T. & Do V. T." box="[331,507,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="58 - 68" refId="ref4012" refString="Cao, T. T., Nguyen T. T., Do V. T. (2020) Tadpoles development and metamorphosis of the species banna large-headed frog Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei, Xie, Jiang, 2007 in Nghe An Province. CTU Journal of Science, 56, 58 - 68." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Cao
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FEF8FE82FE489088" box="[383,432,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="1316AC94FFB9FF99FD8AFE82FDDC9088" box="[525,548,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">In</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
the original species description, tadpoles we assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FB23FE82FAB89088" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1188,1344,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FB23FE82FAB89088" box="[1188,1344,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
without associated molecular data and only the second half of the tadpole tail is reported as being black (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FB6EFE7EFA6890AC" author="Ye, C. - Y. & Fei, L. & Xie, F. & Jiang, J. - P." box="[1257,1424,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="545 - 550" refId="ref5470" refString="Ye, C. - Y., Fei, L., Xie, F. & Jiang, J. - P. (2007) A new Ranidae species from China - Limnonectes bannaensis (Ranidae: Anura). Zoological Research. Kunming, 28, 545 - 550." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Ye
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FA96FE7EFABC90AC" box="[1297,1348,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); however this is not apparent in the associated figure (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF62A6BFFB9FF99FD75FE5AFCBF90D0" box="[754,839,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,187,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-31@3.[151,1435,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Limnonectes bannaensis tadpole (preserved, ITBCZ 3633, Stage 27) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views. Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762816/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FCEAFE5AFBE890D0" author="Ye, C. - Y. & Fei, L. & Xie, F. & Jiang, J. - P." box="[877,1040,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="545 - 550" refId="ref5470" refString="Ye, C. - Y., Fei, L., Xie, F. & Jiang, J. - P. (2007) A new Ranidae species from China - Limnonectes bannaensis (Ranidae: Anura). Zoological Research. Kunming, 28, 545 - 550." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Ye
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FC14FE5AFC3D90D0" box="[915,965,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FBA4FE5AFB1D90D0" author="Cao, T. T. & Nguyen T. T. & Do V. T." box="[1059,1253,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="58 - 68" refId="ref4012" refString="Cao, T. T., Nguyen T. T., Do V. T. (2020) Tadpoles development and metamorphosis of the species banna large-headed frog Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei, Xie, Jiang, 2007 in Nghe An Province. CTU Journal of Science, 56, 58 - 68." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Cao
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FBDFFE5AFB7290D0" box="[1112,1162,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2020)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who confirmed species identification with molecular data, report 4–5 black stripes on the tail fins but the associated figure (Fig. 6) shows a tadpole at
|
||||
<location id="F6126035FFB9FF99FEF7FE12FE569318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED:F6126035FFB9FF99FEF7FE12FE569318" box="[368,430,511,537]" county="The" municipality="In" name="Stage" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" stateProvince="Nghe An">Stage</location>
|
||||
25 with diffuse black vertical markings rather than bold, broad, black bars and blotches.
|
||||
<location id="F6126035FFB9FF99FF10FDCEFF04933C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B6487F8FFBDFF99FF40FA8FFDFD97ED:F6126035FFB9FF99FF10FDCEFF04933C" box="[151,252,547,573]" county="The" municipality="In" name="Tadpoles" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" stateProvince="Nghe An">Tadpoles</location>
|
||||
we collected in this study have a wide dorsal gap and a short ventral gap in the papillae which fringe the oral disc; the short ventral gap is not present in the figure of the oral disc in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FC6EFDAAFB529360" author="Cao, T. T. & Nguyen T. T. & Do V. T." box="[1001,1194,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="58 - 68" refId="ref4012" refString="Cao, T. T., Nguyen T. T., Do V. T. (2020) Tadpoles development and metamorphosis of the species banna large-headed frog Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei, Xie, Jiang, 2007 in Nghe An Province. CTU Journal of Science, 56, 58 - 68." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Cao
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FB9AFDAAFBB69360" box="[1053,1102,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2020)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="A7B26666FFB9FF99FF10FBE9FB2F951D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762820" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14762820" box="[151,1239,1028,1052]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762820/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" startId="4.[151,250,1028,1052]" targetBox="[335,1251,638,1005]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFB9FF99FF10FBE9FB2F951D" blockId="4.[151,1239,1028,1052]" box="[151,1239,1028,1052]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FF10FBE9FEEB951D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1028,1052]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Oral disc of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FE10FBE8FD68951D" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[407,656,1028,1052]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FE10FBE8FD68951D" box="[407,656,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Limnonectes bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpole ITBCZ 3628 in life, Stage 31. Scale bar = 2 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BBD76565FFB9FF99FF40FBA6FDFD97ED" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFB9FF99FF40FBA6FD5394CC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1098,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
We compared the tadpole of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FD8CFBA6FD5F9565" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[523,679,1098,1124]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FD8CFBA6FD5F9565" box="[523,679,1098,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FCAFFBA6FC4E9565" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[808,950,1099,1124]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FCAFFBA6FC4E9565" box="[808,950,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Limnonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpoles reported from mainland southeast Asia where species identity has been confirmed with molecular data. The tadpole of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FBEBFB82FAF29589" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1132,1290,1134,1160]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FBEBFB82FAF29589" box="[1132,1290,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from the tadpole of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FEBAFB7EFDE295AD" authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[317,538,1170,1196]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dabanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FEBAFB7EFE4395AD" box="[317,443,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. dabanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Smith)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of bold black vertical stripes on the tail (absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FA99FB7EFA6495AD" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1310,1436,1170,1196]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dabanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FA99FB7EFA6495AD" box="[1310,1436,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. dabanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at Gosner Stages 29 and 31;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FE67FB5BFD4695D0" author="Rowley, J. J. & Le, D. T. T. & Hoang, H. D. & Altig, R." box="[480,702,1206,1233]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="195 - 200" refId="ref5013" refString="Rowley, J. J., Le, D. T. T., Hoang, H. D. & Altig, R. (2014) The breeding behaviour, advertisement call and tadpole of Limnonectes dabanus (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Zootaxa, 3881 (2), 195 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3881.2.8" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Rowley
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FDB8FB5AFD8195D1" box="[575,633,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FC96FB5AFC6F95D1" authorityName="McLeod, Kelly & Barley" authorityYear="2012" box="[785,919,1207,1232]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FC96FB5AFC6F95D1" box="[785,919,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of bold black vertical stripes on the tail (vs. absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FE2CFB36FDC895F5" authorityName="McLeod, Kelly & Barley" authorityYear="2012" box="[427,560,1243,1268]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FE2CFB36FDC895F5" box="[427,560,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at Gosner Stage 38;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FC9EFB37FC1195F4" author="Ampai, N. & Rujirawan, A. & Arkajag, J. & Mcleod, D. S. & Aowphol, A." box="[793,1001,1242,1269]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="508 - 520" refId="ref3923" refString="Ampai, N., Rujirawan, A., Arkajag, J., Mcleod, D. S. & Aowphol, A. (2015) Description of the tadpoles of two endemic frogs: the Phu Luang cascade frog Odorrana aureola (Anura: Ranidae) and the Isan big-headed frog Limnonectes isanensis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3981 (4), 508 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3981.4.3" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Ampai
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FCEBFB36FC6695F5" box="[876,926,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FBBDFB36FAA895F5" authority="McLeod" authorityName="McLeod" authorityYear="2008" box="[1082,1360,1242,1268]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FBBDFB36FB1195F5" box="[1082,1257,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||||
McLeod
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of bold black vertical stripes on the tail (vs. absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FCD2FB12FBFD9419" authorityName="McLeod" authorityYear="2008" box="[853,1029,1279,1304]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FCD2FB12FBFD9419" box="[853,1029,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at Gosner Stage 40;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FB69FB13FA689418" author="McLeod, D. S." box="[1262,1424,1278,1305]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="26 - 46" refId="ref4829" refString="McLeod, D. S. (2008) A new species of big-headed, fanged dicroglossine frog (Genus Limnonectes) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 1807, 26 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1807.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">McLeod 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FF52FACEFD2D943C" authority="McLeod, Kurlbaum & Hoang" authorityName="McLeod, Kurlbaum & Hoang" authorityYear="2015" box="[213,725,1314,1341]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FF52FACEFE87943D" box="[213,383,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
McLeod, Kurlbaum & Hoang
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a larval tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1) [vs. 1/3(1–2) in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FF10FAAAFEBA9461" authorityName="McLeod, Kurlbaum & Hoang" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,322,1351,1376]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FF10FAAAFEBA9461" box="[151,322,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at Gosner Stage 28;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FDB4FAABFCF19460" author="Ziegler, T. & Rauhaus, A. & Tran, T. D. & Pham, C. T. & Van Schingen, M. & Dang, P. H. & Le, M. D. & Nguyen, T. Q." box="[563,777,1350,1377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="11 - 44" refId="ref5524" refString="Ziegler, T., Rauhaus, A., Tran, T. D., Pham, C. T., Van Schingen, M., Dang, P. H., Le, M. D. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2015) Die Amphibien- und Reptilienfauna der Me-Linh-Biodiversitatsstation in Nordvietnam. Sauria, 37, 11 - 44." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Ziegler
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FD0BFAAAFD479461" box="[652,703,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] and the presence of bold black vertical stripes on the tail (absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FE8DFA86FE4A9485" authorityName="McLeod, Kurlbaum & Hoang" authorityYear="2015" box="[266,434,1387,1412]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FE8DFA86FE4A9485" box="[266,434,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at Gosner Stages 25–29); and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FCB8FA86FB2E9485" authority="Matsui, Belabut & Ahmed" authorityName="Matsui, Belabut & Ahmed" box="[831,1238,1386,1413]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="selatan">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FCB8FA86FC559485" box="[831,941,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. selatan</emphasis>
|
||||
Matsui, Belabut & Ahmed
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by a short ventral gap in marginal papillae (no ventral gap in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FDF1FA62FD1C94A9" box="[630,740,1422,1448]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="selatan">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FDF1FA62FD1C94A9" box="[630,740,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. selatan</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at Gosner Stage 40) and by the presence of bold black vertical stripes on the tail (vs. dark bands in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FDABFA5EFD6394CD" box="[556,667,1458,1484]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="selatan">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FDABFA5EFD6394CD" box="[556,667,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. selatan</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F37236EEFFB9FF99FF40FA3BFDFD97ED" blockId="4.[151,1437,1098,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
This is the only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FEF4FA3AFDF994F1" box="[371,513,1495,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FEF4FA3AFDF994F1" box="[371,513,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Limnonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species currently known to exhibit such bold black striped tail colouration, although dark bars are present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FE26FA16FDF79715" box="[417,527,1530,1556]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="selatan">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FE26FA16FDF79715" box="[417,527,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. selatan</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and tadpoles putatively assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FC24FA16FAB09714" authority="Matsui, Belabut & Ahmed. A" authorityName="Matsui, Belabut & Ahmed. A" box="[931,1352,1530,1557]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="utara">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FC24FA16FC059715" box="[931,1021,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. utara</emphasis>
|
||||
Matsui, Belabut & Ahmed. A
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
similar pattern has been reported in other tadpoles, such as in the hylids
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FC08F9F3FAB89738" authority="(Dixon et al. 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Dixon" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[911,1344,1566,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FC08F9F3FBAC9739" box="[911,1108,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Pseudis platensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FBE2F9F3FACF9738" author="Dixon, J. R. & Mercolli, C. & Yanosky, A. A." box="[1125,1335,1566,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="183 - 184" refId="ref4190" refString="Dixon, J. R., Mercolli, C. & Yanosky, A. A. (1995) Some aspects of the ecology of Pseudis paradoxa from northeastern Argentina. Herpetological Review, 26, 183 - 184." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||||
Dixon
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FB30F9F2FB139739" box="[1207,1259,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 1995
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FAC9F9F2FD8F975C" authority="(Altig & Channing 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Altig & Channing" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micromembrana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FAC9F9F2FEB7975D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Litoria micromembrana</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FED8F9AFFD97975C" author="Altig, R. & Channing, A." box="[351,623,1602,1629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="73 - 75" refId="ref3759" refString="Altig, R. & Channing, A. (1993) Hypothesis: functional significance of colour and pattern of anuran tadpoles. Herpetological Journal, 3, 73 - 75." type="journal article" year="1993">Altig & Channing 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FD37F9AFFBAD975C" authority="(Dias et al. 2023)" baseAuthorityName="Dias" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[688,1109,1602,1629]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Xenohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FD37F9AFFC79975D" box="[688,897,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Xenohyla truncata</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FC16F9AFFBB5975C" author="Dias, P. H. D. S. & Marcondes, B. C. & Pezzuti, T. L. & Vera Candioti, F. & Araujo-Vieira, K. & Mela Prodocimo, M. & da Silva, H. R. & Orrico, V. G. D. & Haas, A." box="[913,1101,1602,1629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="111 - 126" refId="ref4070" refString="Dias, P. H. D. S., Marcondes, B. C., Pezzuti, T. L., Vera Candioti, F., Araujo-Vieira, K., Mela Prodocimo, M., da Silva, H. R., Orrico, V. G. D. & Haas, A. (2023) The missing piece of the puzzle: larval morphology of Xenohyla truncata (Anura: Hylidae: Dendropsophini) and its implication to the evolution of Dendropsophini tadpoles. Zoomorphology, 142, 111 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 022 - 00575 - 3" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||||
Dias
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FC49F9AEFBF0975D" box="[974,1032,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2023
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The bold colouration on the tails of tadpoles has been suggested to attract the attention of potential predators to less vital regions of the body (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FF51F967FE0097A4" author="Thibaudeau, G. & Altig, R." box="[214,504,1674,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" refId="ref5417" refString="Thibaudeau, G. & Altig, R. (2012) Coloration of anuran tadpoles (Amphibia): development, dynamics, function, and hypotheses. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012 (1), 725203. https: // doi. org / 10.5402 / 2012 / 725203" type="journal volume" year="2012">Thibaudeau & Altig 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), to confuse predators, or to provide camouflage in linearly arranged habitats (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="975C4B1FFFB9FF99FAE6F967FE9097C8" author="Altig, R. & Channing, A." pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="73 - 75" refId="ref3759" refString="Altig, R. & Channing, A. (1993) Hypothesis: functional significance of colour and pattern of anuran tadpoles. Herpetological Journal, 3, 73 - 75." type="journal article" year="1993">Altig & Channing 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Elucidating the function of the bold black vertical bars on the tail of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34CD4D6DFFB9FF99FB1FF942FACE97C9" authorityName="Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1176,1334,1710,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1B9EAFCFFB9FF99FB1FF942FACE97C9" box="[1176,1334,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">L. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tadpoles would require field experiments.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue