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24.
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Fig. 4A, B
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solitary, discoidal to patellate, usually free. Septotheca costate. Septa arranged in 4-5 cycles, only S1 being independent. Pali before all but last cycle. Axial margins of higher cycle pali join to faces of adjacent septa (deltas). Columella papillose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="01805E2E3E95D8E0799438714EEB0AC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solitary, discoidal to patellate, usually free. Septotheca costate. Septa arranged in 4-5 cycles, only S1 being independent. Pali before all but last cycle. Axial margins of higher cycle pali join to faces of adjacent septa (deltas). Columella papillose.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Turbinolia italica</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="81799E2A2E0D27184AD203197484363B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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Michelotti, 1838, by monotypy. 181
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206
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<figureCitation id="B04FD9F0ED307B8BA5A44ACD373A54DC" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Stigmatica paestana paestana (Philippi, 1836), Monte Argentario, Grosseto 62.1 whole distal genital organs 62.2 internal distal part of genital organs 62.3 cross section of the epiphallus. Stigmatica paestana intustructa (Westerlund, 1883), Balvano, Potenza 62.4 whole distal genital organs 62.5 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 62.4, 62.5, 64.2</figureCitation>
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This taxon is present in Basilicata, known from the area surrounding Balvano (Italy) (
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: 7).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stigmatica paestana paestana</emphasis>
<caption id="D4C8E51BD14F7F7149726FD1AEA34F22" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 62" startId="F62">
<paragraph id="C27646F2C5EB697D7F34D7FFA5CA6F7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E7978A7252BCD544178EA0A7E86B687B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 62.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DEA2F2E63471E8CFF6460F815EF09887" authority="paestana" authorityName="paestana (Philippi" authorityYear="1836" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Stigmatica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatica paestana subsp. paestana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="paestana" subSpecies="paestana">
<emphasis id="D82F25BE73033FD7A785CB7F48123190" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stigmatica paestana paestana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Philippi, 1836), Monte Argentario, Grosseto
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D16F983E6E4CADBD6B4F1DD0BDEDD480" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.1</emphasis>
whole distal genital organs
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4C0EC0CB0E6D4D5D29DFD252C2A53603" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.2</emphasis>
internal distal part of genital organs
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9EBFB8175C5610091F47E7E338CC64F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.3</emphasis>
cross section of the epiphallus.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Stigmatica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatica paestana subsp. intustructa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="paestana" subSpecies="intustructa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stigmatica paestana intustructa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="199F6E5D60F97614D7F6DE4C459465A5" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Stigmatica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatica paestana subsp. intustructa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="paestana" subSpecies="intustructa">
<emphasis id="4318C58B3322C825926059CA6373F013" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stigmatica paestana intustructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Westerlund, 1883), Balvano, Potenza
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.4</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F26C65C98845CB310DD2D44EE906CD63" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.4</emphasis>
whole distal genital organs
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.5</emphasis>
<emphasis id="862AE3324AA084D31F327A3B90407C66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62.5</emphasis>
internal distal part of genital organs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" elevation="450" latitude="40.650345" location="Balvano" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510808" municipality="Potenza" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Basilicata">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
<subSubSection id="0AC51FCC28CFB67058C73AC253D98B36" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C9E41499BE8C44E7BE753A25CF8E0380" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E52DB625FDB9018E802E5EC96043FA79" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="CAD5A2FF7A27241BE948DFAD99915FE4" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" elevation="450" latitude="40.650345" location="Balvano" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510808" municipality="Potenza" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Basilicata">
<collectingCountry id="F13D0F5D26BEEB6D30623B68FC175D71" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Basilicata">Basilicata</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="3C6224B1F0723E4045A72ACD487DE23D" country="Italy" name="Basilicata">Basilicata</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Potenza</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingMunicipality id="3D55C328B2E7ACCF7D64B97CA65ABEA5">Potenza</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C95FB04188F9579E981D8B6CEAE6798F:5A6F0265671DB6189DEC5EF001275C51" country="Italy" latitude="40.650345" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510808" municipality="Potenza" name="Balvano" stateProvince="Basilicata">Balvano</location>
<location id="5A6F0265671DB6189DEC5EF001275C51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C95FB04188F9579E981D8B6CEAE6798F:5A6F0265671DB6189DEC5EF001275C51" country="Italy" latitude="40.650345" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510808" municipality="Potenza" name="Balvano" stateProvince="Basilicata">Balvano</location>
, near the castle.
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
<elevation id="271A2DADC37CB23E18117A9352471E26" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">
<quantity id="7BDB51FE863BEE43969BF7AAFB5B2F64" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="01.23" value="40.650345">40°39'01.23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="82D4A365BB1CFC327B5FB3612373A9C1" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="01.23" value="40.650345">40°39'01.23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="38.91" value="15.510808">15°30'38.91&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A2BBD5F0E3E0E52921177DE2EC1EF135" degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="38.91" value="15.510808">15°30'38.91&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName>W. De Mattia</collectorName>
<collectorName id="7C44F3C3E11EBAA4E33CDF7BEF552EAA">W. De Mattia</collectorName>
and
<collectorName>J. Macor</collectorName>
<collectorName id="0BF8C153359DB14EAFC20C78AD632851">J. Macor</collectorName>
leg. and det., 3 dissected spm
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="I. Niero" country="Italy" elevation="450" latitude="40.64457" location="Potenza" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510859" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Basilicata">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
<materialsCitation id="D9DE7FF093A84F2F63F5B346423E7B37" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="I. Niero" country="Italy" elevation="450" latitude="40.64457" location="Potenza" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510859" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Basilicata">
<collectingCountry id="ADC2E1B0764C75E5E56744AE5E98C175" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Basilicata">Basilicata</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="5803833660EE2594450A431B64081520" country="Italy" name="Basilicata">Basilicata</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C95FB04188F9579E981D8B6CEAE6798F:89CA8BB22AFD49F366D22711EBD3EFA1" country="Italy" latitude="40.64457" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510859" name="Potenza" stateProvince="Basilicata">Potenza</location>
<location id="89CA8BB22AFD49F366D22711EBD3EFA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C95FB04188F9579E981D8B6CEAE6798F:89CA8BB22AFD49F366D22711EBD3EFA1" country="Italy" latitude="40.64457" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="15.510859" name="Potenza" stateProvince="Basilicata">Potenza</location>
, Balvano.
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
<elevation id="351FD3899709F5997DCF72FC51D65736" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">
<quantity id="6A466CF287B2BBB328B1623FC6545845" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.44" value="40.64457">40°38'40.44&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="ACCEDD50253ADD61A3A54D5E0F25504D" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.44" value="40.64457">40°38'40.44&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.09" value="15.510859">15°30'39.09&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="81F7C49923588D8C5D298F9AACD7A98B" degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.09" value="15.510859">15°30'39.09&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName>I. Niero</collectorName>
<collectorName id="8D51A3C8C5AB3745D52EB5F8F05E9EF2">I. Niero</collectorName>
leg. and det., 2 dissected spm
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="external morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="4E8B8AF12665FC89B434D742A46ED5A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="external morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph id="D3F6F12A290EC54816C5C0DB2DB8D429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA16E3309EC6F56EF4167D8E76480994" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="AE42EF956DC709DE6E9F629862436ABC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Stigmatica paestana paestana (Philippi, 1836), Monte Argentario, Grosseto 62.1 whole distal genital organs 62.2 internal distal part of genital organs 62.3 cross section of the epiphallus. Stigmatica paestana intustructa (Westerlund, 1883), Balvano, Potenza 62.4 whole distal genital organs 62.5 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="431E988DAAE03E96829914801CB5682D" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Stigmatica paestana paestana (Philippi, 1836), Monte Argentario, Grosseto 62.1 whole distal genital organs 62.2 internal distal part of genital organs 62.3 cross section of the epiphallus. Stigmatica paestana intustructa (Westerlund, 1883), Balvano, Potenza 62.4 whole distal genital organs 62.5 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62</figureCitation>
.4).
</emphasis>
The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is slightly club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and much thinner. The V is short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="875098FDE98C81DD03AEDACE02753884" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible with a narrowing and the presence of the ER. The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="internal morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Internal morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="FD3C1AA391A2B3AD898B7F71D4D9A25E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="internal morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph id="B5A888BAEA8D3674746892C8D8B2ED8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Internal morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2535E383C1E22083AB374FB928B029A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E5B39FF2360E6DC59F911C208891D5D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Stigmatica paestana paestana (Philippi, 1836), Monte Argentario, Grosseto 62.1 whole distal genital organs 62.2 internal distal part of genital organs 62.3 cross section of the epiphallus. Stigmatica paestana intustructa (Westerlund, 1883), Balvano, Potenza 62.4 whole distal genital organs 62.5 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7874456650E381C3C56B93D9C1ADD2D8" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Stigmatica paestana paestana (Philippi, 1836), Monte Argentario, Grosseto 62.1 whole distal genital organs 62.2 internal distal part of genital organs 62.3 cross section of the epiphallus. Stigmatica paestana intustructa (Westerlund, 1883), Balvano, Potenza 62.4 whole distal genital organs 62.5 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62</figureCitation>
.5).
</emphasis>
The V, the A and the P lack any macro-sculpturing. The internal surface shows a coarse fine granulation. The pseudopapilla is elongated and with a smooth surface. It originates directly from the wall of the E. Its basis is connected with one ELP. The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD. The epiphallar formula is PP(ELP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Stigmatica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatica paestana subsp. intustructa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="paestana" subSpecies="intustructa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stigmatica paestana intustructa</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="7BAE6978530B13BDD3FB443A43607A02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="0ABD54B495756059E6ADD6888E4F0A62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F4608B328950EF154792F84DF9A70EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="11A9E7D93B3057E80186AEC5BE0FD8E2" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Stigmatica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatica paestana subsp. intustructa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="paestana" subSpecies="intustructa">
<emphasis id="ABB6354BA5C82FD2DA09F36061609B53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stigmatica paestana intustructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows an anatomy of the genital organs very similar to the nominate subspecies.
</paragraph>

212
data/C9/A5/95/C9A595F8CE7114448CE881E82D234E7D.xml
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@ -1,176 +1,176 @@
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Anomocora fecunda (SAMC _ A 073042, off Shaka's Rock, 200 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, F Anomocora marchadi C, D (SAMC _ A 090093, off Durban, 49 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F (SAM _ H 3100, off Shaka's Rock, 66 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Aulocyathus juvenescens (Mortensen 25, off Durban, 424 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Aulocyathus sp. cf. Aulocyathus matricidus (DIa 1, locality data unknown) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi (USNM 91541, off Kosi Bay, 98 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae (MN _ SM 129, off Margate, 850 m) M calicular view N lateral view N, O Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala (SAMC _ A 072974, off Paternoster, 440 m) O Calicular view P Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1I, J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6F9A5C228306CF447E6E737D18EC672E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Anomocora fecunda (SAMC _ A 073042, off Shaka's Rock, 200 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, F Anomocora marchadi C, D (SAMC _ A 090093, off Durban, 49 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F (SAM _ H 3100, off Shaka's Rock, 66 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Aulocyathus juvenescens (Mortensen 25, off Durban, 424 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Aulocyathus sp. cf. Aulocyathus matricidus (DIa 1, locality data unknown) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi (USNM 91541, off Kosi Bay, 98 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae (MN _ SM 129, off Margate, 850 m) M calicular view N lateral view N, O Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala (SAMC _ A 072974, off Paternoster, 440 m) O Calicular view P Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1I, J</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Saville Kent" authorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Flabellum" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellum matricidum" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="matricidum">Flabellum matricidum</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="B06A326D17650463DDD56963E53AABBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Kent, 1871: 276, pl. 23: fig. 2A-C.
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<taxonomicName authority="Yabe &amp; Eguchi, 1932" authorityName="Yabe &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="1932" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Fragilocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fragilocyathus conotrochoides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="conotrochoides">Fragilocyathus conotrochoides</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="8DD5376718FBFCD27DFFD8FECEF393F8" authorityName="Yabe &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="1932" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Fragilocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fragilocyathus conotrochoides" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="conotrochoides">Fragilocyathus conotrochoides</taxonomicName>
Yabe &amp; Eguchi, 1932a: 388, 389, fig. 1. -Yabe and
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Geological Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="414 - 417" refId="B82" refString="Eguchi, M, 1941. On some simple corals from Mindoro Island, Philippines. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 48 (575): 414 - 417" title="On some simple corals from Mindoro Island, Philippines." volume="48" year="1941">Eguchi 1941</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="483625069A0F70732D00CA5EF551156A" author="Eguchi, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Geological Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="414 - 417" refId="B82" refString="Eguchi, M, 1941. On some simple corals from Mindoro Island, Philippines. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 48 (575): 414 - 417" title="On some simple corals from Mindoro Island, Philippines." volume="48" year="1941">Eguchi 1941</bibRefCitation>
a: 101. -
<bibRefCitation author="Yabe, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B326" refString="Yabe, H, Eguchi, M, 1942b. Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22(2): 105-178." title="Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22 (2): 105 - 178." year="1942 b">Yabe and Eguchi 1942b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="CFF9087F946B7A9AB9019F18255C51A2" author="Yabe, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B326" refString="Yabe, H, Eguchi, M, 1942b. Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22(2): 105-178." title="Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22 (2): 105 - 178." year="1942 b">Yabe and Eguchi 1942b</bibRefCitation>
: 116, 145. pl. 9: fig. 15. -
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, M" editor="Uchida, K" journalOrPublisher="Hokuruyu-kan, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="270 - 296" refId="B83" refString="Eguchi, M, 1965a. Scleractinia. In: Uchida, K, Uchida, T, Eds., New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan 1. Hokuruyu-kan, Tokyo: 270 - 296" title="Scleractinia." volumeTitle="New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan 1." year="1965 a">Eguchi 1965a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A80A77488B78856E46873053C6963E76" author="Eguchi, M" editor="Uchida, K" journalOrPublisher="Hokuruyu-kan, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="270 - 296" refId="B83" refString="Eguchi, M, 1965a. Scleractinia. In: Uchida, K, Uchida, T, Eds., New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan 1. Hokuruyu-kan, Tokyo: 270 - 296" title="Scleractinia." volumeTitle="New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan 1." year="1965 a">Eguchi 1965a</bibRefCitation>
: 288, 4 figs. -
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Parks Research Station" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="47 - 62" refId="B86" refString="Eguchi, M, Miyawaki, T, 1975. Systematic study of the scleractinian corals of Kushimoto and its vicinity. Bulletin of Marine Parks Research Station 1 (1): 47 - 62" title="Systematic study of the scleractinian corals of Kushimoto and its vicinity." volume="1" year="1975">Eguchi and Miyawaki 1975</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="132CEB44C6D7A1E9D8F5945898B7A4DF" author="Eguchi, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Parks Research Station" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="47 - 62" refId="B86" refString="Eguchi, M, Miyawaki, T, 1975. Systematic study of the scleractinian corals of Kushimoto and its vicinity. Bulletin of Marine Parks Research Station 1 (1): 47 - 62" title="Systematic study of the scleractinian corals of Kushimoto and its vicinity." volume="1" year="1975">Eguchi and Miyawaki 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 57.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kent" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Aulocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulocyathus matricidus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="matricidus">Aulocyathus cf. matricidus</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="C0D9585607C93A8436378612D32F623C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="75B4F4F4C542873756E85116129E3FEB" baseAuthorityName="Kent" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Aulocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulocyathus matricidus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="matricidus">Aulocyathus cf. matricidus</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Yabe, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B326" refString="Yabe, H, Eguchi, M, 1942b. Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22(2): 105-178." title="Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22 (2): 105 - 178." year="1942 b">Yabe and Eguchi 1942b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="427190644F361937B821D51B2AB10A96" author="Yabe, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B326" refString="Yabe, H, Eguchi, M, 1942b. Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22(2): 105-178." title="Fossil and Recent Simple Corals from Japan. Scientific Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, series 2 (Geology) 22 (2): 105 - 178." year="1942 b">Yabe and Eguchi 1942b</bibRefCitation>
: 112, 116.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kent" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Aulocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulocyathus matricidus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="matricidus">Aulocyathus matricidus</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="443BD88959552CDF9243E0208D55D11B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="64838CFB0EE99FD5964A67F3175C378B" baseAuthorityName="Kent" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Aulocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulocyathus matricidus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="matricidus">Aulocyathus matricidus</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2289B1726CA40E8696ABAE66ED836EA0" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
: 104
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">. -Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0363073C583CB5B5B4B22CD84F5DE96F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">. -Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 60, pl. 26, figs C-G, pl. 42, figs B-D.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="174C291EF0190A846B872BAD86229643" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8577C86C65B3810BC52326B9111D7AEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off Japan, 84 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">; Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="881B9FBC9AB6325B41CE217767D335D7" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="93ADCBF86E63BDBC4F6B6F1E44DEA6DD" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">; Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="AC1C84A7B5208361D5E1EE5B60227CD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="54910FB279EC371899AF3D5905CF810A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B61D27AC01DD554EB5DC101711770BAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Two syntypes are deposited at the NHM
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3088C04ED87E1A6A1A2A5DE2F68CFF86" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="F5C4190F7B09DAC1FB9B22F883088D32" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="25BD5A122FC95F9F0E9E43BE3413E88D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D788BDA36353C383396B70347E40D38" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
ORI_DIa1 (
<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="779CAB499646C4C1E7BC094C8BABA6D0" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
): no locality data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="51C19678C38CE36BF7727D2F3332A95A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="1AE619232EF1A5B0EB8E126EC3F747F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C2D57644762A49F612BFA2A065CDE6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum solitary, attached, and conical to elongate. Calice circular, calicular margin smooth. Largest of two specimens examined (ORI_DIa1) 5.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="45C28B1CB192F357E77704579873ACD2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.1 mm in CD, and ≤ 15.4 mm in H. Costae wide. Theca and costae granular. Corallum light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph id="4F0F2D5F0D0A37E6860DBA5AF3FEF34F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S1&gt; S2&gt; S3&gt; S4 (32 septa). S1-2 most exsert septa. S1 extend almost towards centre of fossa, with vertical to slightly sinuous axial margin. S2
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="311EDB3BC8131F962B98556A22BCF20F" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
less wide than S1, also has vertical axial margin, and being granular deeper in fossa. S3-4 progressively less exsert (if at all). S3 dimorphic in size: those half-systems lacking S4 only
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="716B434635A909A51630401A5882C56C" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
the width of S2, while those flanked by S4 attain almost the same width of S2. If present, S4
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8FB329A3EFC2A288ECE3A168588ED3B2" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
the width of S3. Axial margins of S3-4 dentate. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa deep containing a rudimentary columella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="BF62F8CEEEB7359B39371D9110FDAE2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="32F5A8B53B830E3F2FBADAC85D72432A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC5CB1FBAFF8B2E52B0ED2376D3E56E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa; depth unknown. Elsewhere: Tsugara Strait; and Japan Sea
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B5D57B54E538CA4E1383E6E20B60296B" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
); 84-207 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="0697EF38EFF5CFE7C2A11C998935915D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="E1F346D1AC4056062A9A0A7DBD441304" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9508CD150A7ACACE5121E26DC099A86B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Among all congeners, specimens examined closely resemble
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kent" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Aulocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulocyathus matricidus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="matricidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulocyathus matricidus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="452D1E286D14588DD11DE0EAF7DE6759" baseAuthorityName="Kent" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Aulocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulocyathus matricidus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="matricidus">
<emphasis id="95044D8330F7CD8C454345DDACC322D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulocyathus matricidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a smooth calicular margin, upper peripheral septa not notched, rudimentary columella, and a slender pedicel. However,
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. matricidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="matricidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. matricidus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3A0C6682A1BF6B5C5A7DC751B86C45DC" lsidName="A. matricidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="matricidus">
<emphasis id="AB5E8018ACA543E7E47F81D4B966E8B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. matricidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from Japan and, therefore, its occurrence in the southwestern Indian Ocean would represent a disjunct distribution.
</paragraph>