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<mods:namePart>Hu, Bingbing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Shuxia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159361414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:76051463CEEA1C8CB8884C5886BDE35F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/76051463CEEA1C8CB8884C5886BDE35F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kuznetzov, 1979" authorityName="Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella Kuznetzov, 1979</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="76051463CEEA1C8CB8884C5886BDE35F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159361414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:76051463CEEA1C8CB8884C5886BDE35F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/76051463CEEA1C8CB8884C5886BDE35F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" scope_family="Gracillariidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
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<subSubSection id="1F5F5D87E77B1E58CE472FE5CA6F361C" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D48125E4A53C36B52BDDE3512E08338A" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="61D0574DC6A909BDA1322574F9F68F07" ID-CoL="6G37W" authority="Kuznetzov, 1979" authorityName="Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella Kuznetzov, 1979</taxonomicName>
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||||
Figs 121415-20
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="835 - 856" title="A review of the genera of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) of the Palaearctic fauna." volume="58" year="1979">Kuznetzov 1979</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="BAF971DF056905B8FF5CF56C3365FC73" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FE353F37A9B05BEE77A6C388D8264135" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="F0DBE40C0CF07FA2A3785AD4EC3CA8FA" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BB4626D8CA37D2651E00B0E7B7E402CE" author="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="835 - 856" title="A review of the genera of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) of the Palaearctic fauna." volume="58" year="1979">Kuznetzov 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 854;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="In: Medvedev GS (Ed) Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="149 - 311" title="Gracillariidae." volume="4" year="1981">Kuznetzov 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CC820547DA887080E7A08B7C14CAD52A" author="Kuznetzov, VI" journalOrPublisher="In: Medvedev GS (Ed) Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="149 - 311" title="Gracillariidae." volume="4" year="1981">Kuznetzov 1981</bibRefCitation>
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||||
: 179;
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="De Prins, W" journalOrPublisher="World Catalogue of Insects" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 502" title="Gracilariidae (Lepidoptera)." volume="6" year="2005">De Prins and De Prins 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="86729AF71FBD2890D6E9A89CF16A0396" author="De Prins, W" journalOrPublisher="World Catalogue of Insects" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 502" title="Gracilariidae (Lepidoptera)." volume="6" year="2005">De Prins and De Prins 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 181;
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kawahara, AY" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="131 - 135" title="Five species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea." volume="40" year="2010">Kawahara et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="74E08E5FB5A3C6707F0F9B70AD225E1C" author="Kawahara, AY" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" pagination="131 - 135" title="Five species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea." volume="40" year="2010">Kawahara et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 132.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="material examined">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Russia: Holotype ♂, - Southern Maritime Territory, Gornotayezhnaya Station, 12.VII.1978, coll. V. I. Kuznetzov [in Russian]. Paratypes - 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as for holotype but dated 3.VII.1978. China, Tianjin: 20 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, Mt. Jiulong, Ji County, 130-200 m, 9-28. VI.2004; Limutai, Ji County, 300 m, 11.VI.2004, coll. Houhun Li et al., 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 24.VI.2009, coll. Bingbing Hu; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Baxian Mountain, Ji County, 550 m, 15.VII.2007, coll. Mingfeng Cao & Bingbing Hu; 74 ♂♂, 60 ♀♀, 290-480 m, 8.V.-1.VII.2008, 19.V.-30.VIII.2009, coll. Bingbing Hu; Hebei Province: 1 ♂, Shangsi, Xiaowutai, Wei County, 1200 m, 25.VII.2000, coll. Yanli Du & Zhendong Li; Heilongjiang Province: 1 ♀, Haerbin, 150 m, 22.VII.1997, coll. Houhun Li; Gansu Province: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Bifenggou, Wenxian, 860 m, 10-12.VII.2005, coll. Haili Yu.</paragraph>
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||||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="50" start="start">Figures</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B48CB0B9FE492E76D0C7AA96E200378F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="material examined">
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||||
<paragraph id="6F24BE109E840608FAA23D1371355FAC" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91396A51DF9FE6824DD6A2D6E7511E09" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Russia: Holotype ♂, - Southern Maritime Territory, Gornotayezhnaya Station, 12.VII.1978, coll. V. I. Kuznetzov [in Russian]. Paratypes - 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as for holotype but dated 3.VII.1978. China, Tianjin: 20 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, Mt. Jiulong, Ji County, 130-200 m, 9-28. VI.2004; Limutai, Ji County, 300 m, 11.VI.2004, coll. Houhun Li et al., 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 24.VI.2009, coll. Bingbing Hu; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Baxian Mountain, Ji County, 550 m, 15.VII.2007, coll. Mingfeng Cao & Bingbing Hu; 74 ♂♂, 60 ♀♀, 290-480 m, 8.V.-1.VII.2008, 19.V.-30.VIII.2009, coll. Bingbing Hu; Hebei Province: 1 ♂, Shangsi, Xiaowutai, Wei County, 1200 m, 25.VII.2000, coll. Yanli Du & Zhendong Li; Heilongjiang Province: 1 ♀, Haerbin, 150 m, 22.VII.1997, coll. Houhun Li; Gansu Province: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Bifenggou, Wenxian, 860 m, 10-12.VII.2005, coll. Haili Yu.</paragraph>
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||||
<caption id="1F22287F2B4E576F2C7E45D38D1C0AD9" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
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<paragraph id="CDD858F496C30D1C464F90A9BA37E284" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
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<pageBreakToken id="C4C1CBB3B20A2877A8BC17E83E63B118" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" start="start">Figures</pageBreakToken>
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15-20. Life history of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="AD70C3D6108775466794D2E0F683F285" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
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. 15 adult 16 moth resting on a leaf of host 17 mature larva resting on host leaf 18 pupa 19 pupal cocoon on stone nearby host 20 infested fruit.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Redescription.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="7660E90C3FB5E3B5E311710CE25184B4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="6D96D4272114BA33F05A190C4FC68871" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="984523C4DC473CA2697A1E36F1358E25" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
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Adult (Figs 15-16). Wing expanse 9.0-13.0 mm. Head white, tufted. Labial palpus white except outer surface grey. Antenna with scape pale grey dorsally, white ventrally; flagellum dark brown dorsally, copper-colored ventrally. Thorax white. Tegula and forewing greyish brown; white stripes at costal 2/5, 3/5, 4/5 and near apex as well as at dorsal 2/5 and 3/5 respectively, concentrated obliquely outward to 2/3 length and outside of cell, outmost one shortest, between first three stripes sometimes with short white strigulae; thin bluish white fascia with metallic reflection extending from costal 5/6 to dorsum; large black spot near apex; dorsal margin
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="51" start="start">white</pageBreakToken>
|
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<pageBreakToken id="6C5A4606DE72C5E2E9D079B8F31EAB69" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" start="start">white</pageBreakToken>
|
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tinged with ocherous yellow, longitudinally forming a broad band; termen dark brown; cilia white except fuscous distally from costal 5/6 along termen to before tornus, greyish brown along dorsal margin. Hindwing and cilia greyish brown. Fore and mid legs brown, hind leg greyish white, tibiae and tarsi with white rings. Abdomen greying brown on dorsal surface except first two segments grey; vental surface grey, with five pairs of oblique dark brown stripes along lateral sides.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Male genitalia (Fig. 12). Tegumen broadly elliptic, caudal margin rounded. Tuba analis broad, distinct. Valva narrow, slightly longer than tegumen, expanded subapically, rounded at apex; costa sclerotized, gently concave; ventral margin nearly straight except basal 1/4 oblique, with dense fine hairs. Sacculus sclerotized, separated from valva, elongate lanceolate, about 4/5 length of valva; dosal margin gently arched, ventral margin slightly concave medially; distal portion longitudinally with sclerotized carina, apex spiculate. Vinculum broad, rounded anteriorly. Saccus slender, tapering, about 1/3 length of tegumen. Phallus tubular, straight, as long as valva, apex truncate; cornuti composed of dense small spines, compacted into one to three bundles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Female genitalia (Fig. 14). Ovipositor sclerotized to a strong spine, extensible. Apophysis very strong, apophysis posterioris slightly longer than apophysis anterioris. Lamella antevaginalis nearly trapezoid, caudal margin concave medially. Antrum strongly sclerotized, about half length of apophysis anterioris, oblique anteriorly. Ductus bursae thick and short, weakly sclerotized, slightly longer than antrum, expanded with irregular sclerotized carinae posteriorly, narrowed gradually towards corpus bursae, with sclerotized longitudinal pleats. Corpus bursae membranous, elongate elliptic, about same length as apophysis posterioris; signum small, coniform or stelliform, placed anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Egg. Oval, diameter about 0.15-0.20 mm. Surface smooth, shiny. Egg first yellowish white, nearly transparent, then becoming straw yellow before hatching.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<paragraph id="510464629BBE90AABBE6145366AE5669" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Male genitalia (Fig. 12). Tegumen broadly elliptic, caudal margin rounded. Tuba analis broad, distinct. Valva narrow, slightly longer than tegumen, expanded subapically, rounded at apex; costa sclerotized, gently concave; ventral margin nearly straight except basal 1/4 oblique, with dense fine hairs. Sacculus sclerotized, separated from valva, elongate lanceolate, about 4/5 length of valva; dosal margin gently arched, ventral margin slightly concave medially; distal portion longitudinally with sclerotized carina, apex spiculate. Vinculum broad, rounded anteriorly. Saccus slender, tapering, about 1/3 length of tegumen. Phallus tubular, straight, as long as valva, apex truncate; cornuti composed of dense small spines, compacted into one to three bundles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B2E1E810818ACB83DCD2DA295FD2421" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Female genitalia (Fig. 14). Ovipositor sclerotized to a strong spine, extensible. Apophysis very strong, apophysis posterioris slightly longer than apophysis anterioris. Lamella antevaginalis nearly trapezoid, caudal margin concave medially. Antrum strongly sclerotized, about half length of apophysis anterioris, oblique anteriorly. Ductus bursae thick and short, weakly sclerotized, slightly longer than antrum, expanded with irregular sclerotized carinae posteriorly, narrowed gradually towards corpus bursae, with sclerotized longitudinal pleats. Corpus bursae membranous, elongate elliptic, about same length as apophysis posterioris; signum small, coniform or stelliform, placed anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7AE90137FC27DD5240DD6DFE16F6C663" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Egg. Oval, diameter about 0.15-0.20 mm. Surface smooth, shiny. Egg first yellowish white, nearly transparent, then becoming straw yellow before hatching.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4ED3E68BFB6E5E1C29F76FF3B1F7E6BE" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
Larva (Fig. 17). Young instar larva very similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Conopomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Conopomorpha flueggella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flueggella">Conopomorpha flueggella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9265ABD810AACB47D72FCE41712ABB2E" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Conopomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Conopomorpha flueggella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flueggella">Conopomorpha flueggella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Mature larva 5.0-6.5 mm; head capsule brownish yellow, median 2/3 of each segment on thorax and abdomen dark red, anterior and posterior ends white; thoracic segments slightly blue, abdominal segments with blue spots. Body with sparse white setae. Three pairs abdominal legs on segment 3, 4 and 5 respectively; anal leg protruded backward.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Pupa (Fig. 18). 4.0-5.5 mm, fusiform. Greenish yellow in early pupal stage, changing gradually to dark brown. A corniform coccon breaker on forehead. Forelegs to third abdominal segment, midlegs to fourth abdominal segment, hindlegs to eighth abdominal segment, wings to fifth abdominal segment, antenna obviously exceeding end of abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Cocoon (Fig. 19). 6.0-8.0 mm; white, flat elliptic, with some white grains attached on surface.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C41EAFBB55DAA0B8FF1037F6D8771AB" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Pupa (Fig. 18). 4.0-5.5 mm, fusiform. Greenish yellow in early pupal stage, changing gradually to dark brown. A corniform coccon breaker on forehead. Forelegs to third abdominal segment, midlegs to fourth abdominal segment, hindlegs to eighth abdominal segment, wings to fifth abdominal segment, antenna obviously exceeding end of abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2171A39AF9934E808499A8472E96CF7D" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Cocoon (Fig. 19). 6.0-8.0 mm; white, flat elliptic, with some white grains attached on surface.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="host plant">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="Euphorbiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F293018060D71BBBA27EDCFAB1DDA177" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="host plant">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2802AD07295C5B54C171EC196F01D9F2" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="81EF529EF260292C6FB27231EDA479AD" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="016B4E5CF6B73096E153985AC1F0A076" genus="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="Euphorbiaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Flueggea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Flueggea suffruticosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suffruticosa">Flueggea suffruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7F6FA8AA509937C9C8182E4B04D262AE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Flueggea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Flueggea suffruticosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suffruticosa">Flueggea suffruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Pall.) Baill., recorded for the first time herein.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="life history">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Life history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="46CAD101FB97B6AE18C5B1009CF7409A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="life history">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5610C3BF89CBF5FD02DE8AF9ED6D5C8F" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Life history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E728806C13C73B19FE51B0ABF01CCEA" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="549532BC967089CF1EFF4EBA7954A6EA" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has one generation annually in Tianjin, China (Table 2). The larvae feed on the seeds of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Flueggea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Flueggea suffruticosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suffruticosa">Flueggea suffruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E854DB98393B94807215DD4000999F4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Flueggea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Flueggea suffruticosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suffruticosa">Flueggea suffruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 20). The larval stage is completed within one fruit. When completing larval development, the mature larvae quit the fruits and pupate on the leaves, and overwinter under leaf litter or stones.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="52" start="start">Adults</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F878313F28BB147FC16A700DCD0F5DC2" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="776A9980838A8ADD2A9E45EA1132E04F" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" start="start">Adults</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
appear from June to July. They can emerge during the whole day, but the peak occurs in the morning. The moths are most active at night, drinking nectar and ovipositing. During the daytime they rest on leaves or branches. Adult longevity is 3-10 days, but adults generally live for 5-7 days. Adults hardly come to light.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="52">China (Tianjin, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Gansu), Korea, Russia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="38C2BE8E4BD399F3FEA7266B66BDB90D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/38C2BE8E4BD399F3FEA7266B66BDB90D" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F5CF0A9909250B19902F1DB003948B57" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="88210A998188C0887E61758AA177C39B" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7C3881CF7FF8E4176AA96BD87F132F02" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">China (Tianjin, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Gansu), Korea, Russia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="38C2BE8E4BD399F3FEA7266B66BDB90D" ID-Table-UUID="38C2BE8E4BD399F3FEA7266B66BDB90D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/38C2BE8E4BD399F3FEA7266B66BDB90D" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C3C44D4EB609DF59D27ECE977A90F934" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
Table 2. Annual life history of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="20E27511F25E2E566FFCCA35026ED3E1" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Tianjin, China.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<table pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="2">MonthsGeneration</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">1-5</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">6</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">7</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">8</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">9</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">10-12</th>
|
||||
<paragraph id="94DA3F2AA53C82CA3A95483CD1957B91" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<table id="B0BCEED4506083D4D477B1F0AD12A481" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<tr id="69AEAA87F97C4C899FC9BE79DADCCA68" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<th id="A3A5855CB470707E5F0AE5CEF78AB37E" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="2">MonthsGeneration</th>
|
||||
<th id="6E99898F3AB727AE9EB11B5CA3D3F8B6" colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">1-5</th>
|
||||
<th id="6334C09A128C261280FC78D686C693BF" colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">6</th>
|
||||
<th id="534B924265BF981372824FB90FEC30B6" colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">7</th>
|
||||
<th id="04DA31FBB0EB723CAD08131A51FF16DE" colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">8</th>
|
||||
<th id="DDED685DFEF14A3B55C78C043C58F130" colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">9</th>
|
||||
<th id="A684E5B02596B635FC28256B480F13B8" colspan="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">10-12</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<tr id="C5698A84B8656F767DF35CB8EDCD1ACB" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<th id="9CF6536BA6B5B56C95F1A3E179580112" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th id="ECD6D4B7B9F5ADFC9A0642180FCD0962" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th id="5DB5735A6919C0272DBA0014FD911973" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th id="9BE3C7CFB64A2606EE3AACE2A0F46260" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th id="A5F1D81F0BC433185CCAC858868E7401" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th id="343D15F54CE60BE78CAEE00E8C431819" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th id="5E724DCA9078CBFB59816BF8200A9256" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th id="E3FEF420392A57282B0A3787EF622225" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th id="BC7E7DD5613D532C8B7EA46B9C74E35D" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th id="D515B08BCE6706A1153353E14DF46ABB" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th id="1FC5181DE2EB1A457CCF03952EB2BB2F" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th id="59AE0E3140E17993BCE9AB1A31DB7107" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th id="2D4B00DA14B5CFB4A81826FAB0F33FE4" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th id="959EE5493BDC5DC2667CFE4FB8822088" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th id="A752039DBCB5275AA3BC0FFE1874CB76" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
<th id="24CE88BC44A7B28E726F34788D2B5D69" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">F</th>
|
||||
<th id="82428B47A171D81F2A08211B964B4298" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">M</th>
|
||||
<th id="3EA370A06AA66111C4251A1FD034C5D9" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">L</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D667A9B5C458E932C589861F6B672868" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D667A9B5C458E932C589861F6B672868" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<caption id="D667A9B5C458E932C589861F6B672868" ID-Table-UUID="D667A9B5C458E932C589861F6B672868" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D667A9B5C458E932C589861F6B672868" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B698DF0350696E917E5F401CE534E08D" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
Table 3. Life history comparisons of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Conopomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Conopomorpha flueggella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flueggella">Conopomorpha flueggella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FC96443F1A2747BAF619D584455F808" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Conopomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Conopomorpha flueggella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flueggella">Conopomorpha flueggella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38B889DB3966A3C887BA6359533B2F60" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala relictella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictella">Epicephala relictella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<table pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">Characteristics</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">Conopomorpha flueggella</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">Epicephala relictella</th>
|
||||
<paragraph id="383265B5A82C6D8236169FEB9F0E28FF" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<table id="A5ED298F19AA19AA80B51F743529C11D" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<tr id="69802263013CEFD265FDFE8E12ED9569" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<th id="ED16CF04E6EFE74582C1CFC07B944FBE" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">Characteristics</th>
|
||||
<th id="EE7D127A8978E870A447D4014AD57FD6" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">Conopomorpha flueggella</th>
|
||||
<th id="6A008B44B763D7EBFD4A311E0D4F5280" colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rowspan="1">Epicephala relictella</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue