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<mods:title id="6A0326F5288AB27BDF690F0DADD247AC">Integrated taxonomy, biology and biogeography of the Afrotropical genus Xyloctonus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="AAAD24B3F2D018C69FC5A4C4861D2F79">Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5205196CD0235EFFF49B312D4AC49A07" type="email">bjarte.jordal@uib.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="B7A2D1F1601254276524F3DDD2C3E4CD">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="8F188E428EE9EFB9E88E0427CA64508C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.116185</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4FE72D03F43D5AFD95CD49D8A41AB582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4FE72D03F43D5AFD95CD49D8A41AB582" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FE72D03F43D5AFD95CD49D8A41AB582" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="F5ACD0C991FF0CE5E18CE280B7D2275F" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4337362B1265C2546F66DA857FE59E62" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="944755CAA8E54929B3A5167F08FBB2BF" ID-CoL="7FYNC" LSID="4FE72D03-F43D-5AFD-95CD-49D8A41AB582" authority="Schedl, 1965" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyloctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyloctonus pubifer" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubifer">Xyloctonus pubifer Schedl, 1965</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E94C11A9482C0DDC8BBE4A553D3A12F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B327257AF31C91A082480678B773BEC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<figureCitation id="661EFECED17072F810284BBC832FA6BF" captionStart="Figures 25–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 33. Dorsal, lateral and front view of holotype of X. pubifer (25, 28, 31); paratype of X. subcostatus (26, 29, 32); paratype of X. striatus (synonym of X. subcostatus) (27, 30, 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.116185.figures25-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/995399" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figs 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="FF2570D64A13080A2B71A8E7ADE5489B" captionStart="Figures 25–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 33. Dorsal, lateral and front view of holotype of X. pubifer (25, 28, 31); paratype of X. subcostatus (26, 29, 32); paratype of X. striatus (synonym of X. subcostatus) (27, 30, 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.116185.figures25-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/995399" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 28</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="DBBF56FEC376FF1AD93ED1C8A9F16381" captionStart="Figures 25–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 33. Dorsal, lateral and front view of holotype of X. pubifer (25, 28, 31); paratype of X. subcostatus (26, 29, 32); paratype of X. striatus (synonym of X. subcostatus) (27, 30, 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.71.116185.figures25-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/995399" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 31</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="24FD9A91AC8AB1A6FFCCFF25634A4C8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6F39AD1AC878C0C5A41173DC110D9596" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="C564A9C46BFB7C78AE9E61967FE7B1E6" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyloctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyloctonus pubifer" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubifer">Xyloctonus pubifer</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1965a: 365.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="09807A8AD02090552558EBDE5C6EBC41" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="7403E4174449FF3DB446D7E99B682A77" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="776A76FB855731CCAA08A96B1F7AFC3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="26564FA90601A2F2AFE9D7F7B7D7A32A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Holotype</emphasis>
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: South Africa, Port Elisabeth [-33.76, 25.45] [NHMW].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9730226C58B2E4D470753212C13D6B69" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B56F646177BE6234871D201D5AB46F13" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="45676E6631A9293E4967A85A54A75922" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Length 2.8-2.9 mm, 1.8-1.9
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<normalizedToken id="5078E8A171BAB2549F19E3BE29800B27" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, colour dark brown; frons finely pubescent; anterior margin of pronotum with two tiny, raised teeth; elytra with dense, fine micro-setae, interstrial and strial punctures dense and similarly sized; elytral interstriae 9 curves before apex and continues to elytral suture; scutellar shield impressed in middle, bilobed, with bifid, short setae; elytral suture straight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7EA98BD5E832737C87FD37D7365BA5AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="C8753989BF3BDDA8B80B3C22715B5ECB" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution,</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="09D6EF033BE375E7872C59BD22AFD974" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">South Africa, Zambia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14EC9C95D62BE5C4155A3886E04CB7BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="new records">
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<paragraph id="7F15934BF31BC2E24FB1DD8F26E3CF50" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">New records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FBE89AABBBB2D272AF104CF39E7227A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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South Africa, Western Cape Province, Natures Valley [
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<geoCoordinate id="630EC654F306CD4EA512CAF26EDD870D" degrees="33.965" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-33.965">-33.965</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A514A244126BB0ECBA2EA9643844A724" degrees="23.562" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="23.562">23.562</geoCoordinate>
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], 8 Nov. 2007, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="7EA3F42C3B2946DFBE91C6FC44A9390A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sideroxylon inerme" order="Ebenales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="inerme">
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<emphasis id="AE874697BD21FF90A10E9CA1CB053A01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sideroxylon inerme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, B. Jordal, leg. [ZMUB]; Eastern Cape Province, Van Stadens Resort, beating 18.11.2013, M. Wanat leg. [UWCP].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D41129136710ABE76649355510238141" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="6755610DA95743C2FD6CE011FB90572E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D4ABC6F0FABB895B54279C977CE43540" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Collected multiple times in this study, from the bark layer of
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<taxonomicName id="EF4F1BBBDF743F15D4291D3D082E598F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sideroxylon inerme" order="Ebenales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="inerme">
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<emphasis id="D4091889D4E7E96332E008D5E97838EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Sideroxylon inerme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="E4B64D76C8E6C09ED78E20FDF58A5B2F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapotaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ebenales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Females were found alone with larvae, the male was not observed, but presumably left their progeny at an earlier stage as observed in other species of the genus. Brood production ranged from 20-27 (n = 3). Flight times were observed in July and August in Zambia (
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<bibRefCitation id="EE1B9B0E06026742E05849C901E3F0FF" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie Africaine" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="63 - 85" refId="B4" refString="Beaver, RA, Loeyttyniemi, K, 1985. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of Zambia. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 99: 63 - 85" title="Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of Zambia." volume="99" year="1985">
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Beaver and
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<normalizedToken id="05DFBD7AAB90117671C135EEADC2A963" originalValue="Löyttyniemi">Loeyttyniemi</normalizedToken>
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1985
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and estimated to be early October in South Africa, based on expected developing time for the larvae collected in this study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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