From 508d1ab5a6386e0003ec9414ba8aebaded77f9be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2025 09:28:25 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-02-07 09:21:39 --- .../87/700187A3FFC1FFD8FF3AF895B73EFB37.xml | 480 ++-- .../87/700187A3FFCBFFE0FCA5FB6DB6D4FC13.xml | 377 +-- .../87/700187A3FFCCFFDFFCA3FB58B69CFB28.xml | 406 ++-- .../87/700187A3FFD0FFCDFF39F9DAB710F909.xml | 2042 ++++++++--------- .../87/700187A3FFD7FFC5FCA3FD7CB1DCF808.xml | 365 +-- .../87/700187A3FFD9FFD2FCB1F91CB721F833.xml | 651 +++--- .../87/700187A3FFF3FFEDFF2EF99EB1FFFA27.xml | 263 +-- .../87/700187A3FFF4FFE7FC52FC7DB38FF983.xml | 484 ++-- 8 files changed, 2547 insertions(+), 2521 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFC1FFD8FF3AF895B73EFB37.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFC1FFD8FF3AF895B73EFB37.xml index edeef2c6249..282ae6287c3 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFC1FFD8FF3AF895B73EFB37.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFC1FFD8FF3AF895B73EFB37.xml @@ -1,401 +1,415 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus + + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 - - - + + + ( -Figs 17–21 +Figs 17–21 , -39 +39 ) - - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus -Lourenço, 2015: 44–48 + + + + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus +Lourenço, 2015: 44–48 -, figs 1–6. -Type material: -Holotype +, figs 1–6. + + + + +Type material: + +Holotype : -one juv. ♀ +one juv. ♀ (personal collection of Patrick Müller, Käshofen, Germany), -Cretaceous -(Cenomanian) burmite: - -MYANMAR +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite +: + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State -(precise locality unknown). +(precise locality unknown) + +. - - -Figure 13. - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço, 2011 + + + +Figure 13. + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço, 2011 , one juv. (NIGP 200655), pedipalp trichobothrial pattern under confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 200 μm. - -Diagnosis: + + +Diagnosis: The following combination of characters is diagnostic for - -C. enigmaticus + +C. enigmaticus : carapace anteromedian margin slightly posterior to anterolateral margins ( -Figs 17A +Figs 17A and -18D +18D ); lateral ocelli not protruding, macular ( -Figs 18D +Figs 18D , -20A +20A ); pedipalp chela moderately robust, manus globose, ratio of chela length: chela manus width less than 4 ( -Figs 18A, B +Figs 18A, B , -21A +21A ); pectines each with five teeth ( -Figs 18I +Figs 18I , -20F, G +20F, G ); ratio of metasomal segment IV: V length greater than 2 ( -Figs 18A, B +Figs 18A, B , -20H, I, L +20H, I, L ); metasomal segment V dorsosubmedian carinae slightly serrate ( -Fig. 20L +Fig. 20L ); telson vesicle bulbous, aculeus very short and moderately curved ( -Figs 18G, J, K +Figs 18G, J, K , -19 +19 ). - -Description: + + + +Description: Based on the material examined (NIGP 201158, 201159). - -Carapace: + +Carapace: Posterior width less than length (L/PW = 1.16, Appendix 2). Anterior margin with few, short microsetae; anteromedian depression not visible; anterosubmedial depressions absent; lateral ocular carinae absent; posteromedian and posteromarginal sulci obsolete; surfaces almost smooth to sparsely and finely granular ( -Fig. 20A, B +Fig. 20A, B ). Median ocular tubercle situated anteromedially; median ocelli absent; one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present. - -Coxosternalregion: + +Coxosternalregion: Surfacesmooth,sparselycoveredinmacrosetae ( -Figs 20E +Figs 20E , -39B, C +39B, C ). Leg I maxillary lobes (coxapophyses) distal margins slightly curved, dilate anteriorly and adorned with serrula comprising -c +c . 15 denticles ( -Fig. 39B, C +Fig. 39B, C ). Sternum pentagonal; lateral margins sublinear, parallel; ventral surface flat, without distinct concave region or median sulcus; posteromedian depression wide, shallow ( -Figs 17A +Figs 17A , -20E +20E ). - -Chelicerae: + +Chelicerae: Fixed finger and manus, prolateral and ventral surfaces each with numerous long, dense macrosetae ( -Fig. 18E, F +Fig. 18E, F ). Cheliceral dentition partly visible, moveable finger with long dorsal distal (dd) denticle, small dorsal subdistal denticle, stout dorsal median denticle, long ventral distal (vd) denticle and four or five small ventral accessory (va) denticles; fixed finger with long distal denticle and small subdistal denticle ( -Figs 18E, F +Figs 18E, F , -20C +20C ). Moveable finger with prominent serrula comprising long spinules in proximal three-quarters ( -Fig. 18F +Fig. 18F ). - - -Figure 14. - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço, 2011 + + +Figure 14. + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço, 2011 , one juv. (NIGP 201160), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm. - -Pedipalps: + +Pedipalps: Segments moderately robust; surfaces sparsely covered by short microsetae and few macrosetae ( -Figs 18A, B +Figs 18A, B , -21A +21A ). Femur with four carinae evident; prodorsal and proventral carinae distinct, serrate; retrodorsal and retroventral carinae smooth, costate ( -Figs 18A +Figs 18A , -21A, C +21A, C ). Patella with five carinae evident; prodorsal carina obsolete, comprising several tubercles; prolateral surface, dorsoventral ‘vaulted’ projection (‘anterior process’) distinct with prominent pair of apophyses or tubercles (‘patellar spurs’), each possessing one macroseta; retrodorsal and retroventral carinae smooth, costate ( -Figs 18A, B +Figs 18A, B , -21A, D +21A, D ). Chela relatively robust (CL/CW = 3.22 or 3.55, Appendix 2); manus globose; chela with six carinae evident; digital carina complete, distinct, granular medially, becoming costate proximally and distally; dorsomedian carina reduced to few granules at base of fixed finger, becoming obsolete proximally on manus; prodorsal carina distinct, comprising several prominent spiniform granules; promedian and proventral carinae obsolete, each comprising few isolated granules; retroventral carina obsolete; dorsal secondary, subdigital, retromedian and ventromedian carinae absent or obsolete ( -Figs 18A, B +Figs 18A, B , -21A, B, E, F +21A, B, E, F ). Only fixed finger distal denticle subrows visible, oblique, slightly imbricate and separated by large serrate prolateral and retrolateral denticles ( -Fig. 21A +Fig. 21A ). Trichobothrial pattern -Type +Type D, β configuration. Femur with three trichobothria visible: two -d +d and one -i +i trichobothria ( -Fig. 21C +Fig. 21C ). Patella with six trichobothria visible, including three -d +d , one -i +i , and two -e +e trichobothria; trichobothrium -i -1 +i +1 situated distal to trichobothrium -d -3 +d +3 ( -Fig. 21A, D +Fig. 21A, D ). Chela with 10 trichobothria visible; fixed finger with two -d +d and one -i +i trichobothria; manus with four -E +E and one -V +V trichobothria; trichobothrium -Et -1 +Et +1 situated distally on manus, almost aligned with or proximal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -eb +eb situated on fixed finger, slightly distal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -esb +esb situated medially on fixed finger; trichobothrium -V -2 +V +2 situated distally on manus and near retroventral carina. - - -Figure 15. - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço, 2011 + + +Figure 15. + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço, 2011 , one juv. (NIGP 201160), morphology under confocal microscopy. A, lateral ocelli. B, sternum. C, respiratory spiracle. D, dextral pecten, ventral aspect. E, pedipalp chela fingers, lateral aspect. F, dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. G, leg III tarsus, lateral aspect. H, dextral pedipalp chela manus, ventral aspect. I, dextral pedipalp patella, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 200 μm. - -Legs: + +Legs: Tibia lateral and ventral surfaces each with scattered macrosetae ( -Fig. 18C +Fig. 18C , -20J, K +20J, K ). Basitarsi each with pair of spinule rows, comprising -c +c . 10 relatively long spinules, distally. Telotarsi each with slightly irregular pair of ventrosubmedian spinule rows, comprising relatively long spinules. Ungues moderately long, distinctly curved; dactyl pronounced, pointed. - - -Figure 16. - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço, 2011 + + +Figure 16. + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço, 2011 , one juv. (NIGP 201160), micro-CT reconstruction of pedipalp trichobothrial pattern, dorsal, lateral and ventral aspects. A–D, chela. E–H, femur. I–L, patella. Scale bars: 500 μm. - -Pectines: + +Pectines: Basal piece long, narrow ( -Fig. 20F +Fig. 20F ). Three marginal lamellae and four median lamellae; surface sparsely covered in macrosetae; longitudinal suture between marginal and median lamellae distinct ( -Figs 18I +Figs 18I , -20G +20G ). Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth rounded, distal three-quarters of each tooth occupied by sensillar field; peg sensilla very long, columnar ( -Fig. 20G +Fig. 20G ). - -Genital operculum: + +Genital operculum: Two opercular sclerites narrow and completely separated, as long as pectinal plate; surfaces with several microsetae ( -Fig. 20E +Fig. 20E ). - - -Mesosoma + + +Mesosoma : Pretergites surfaces almost smooth ( -Fig. 19A +Fig. 19A ); post-tergites I–VI surfaces finely granular, acarinate ( -Fig. 19A -); tergite +Fig. 19A +); tergite VII surface sparsely granular, with four slightly serrate carinae (paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae) in posterior half of segment ( +Fig. 20H +). Sternites surfaces smooth, with scattered macrosetae; posterior margins broadly recurved; respiratory spiracles small, ovoid, oblique ( +Figs 18H +, +20D +). - -26 • -Xuan -et al. - - - -Figure 17. - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus + + +Figure 17. + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201158), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm. - -VII surface sparsely granular, with four slightly serrate carinae (paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae) in posterior half of segment ( -Fig. 20H -). Sternites surfaces smooth, with scattered macrosetae; posterior margins broadly recurved; respiratory spiracles small, ovoid, oblique ( -Figs 18H -, -20D -). - - -Metasoma: + +Metasoma: Segments I–V progressively increasing in length, I wider than long, others longer than wide ( -Fig. 18J, K +Fig. 18J, K , -20H, I, L +20H, I, L ). Segments I–V lateral and ventral surfaces each with few, short macrosetae ( -Fig. 18J, K +Fig. 18J, K , -20H, I, L +20H, I, L ); I–IV dorsal surfaces each with distinct depression ( -Figs. 18K +Figs. 18K , -20H +20H ). Segment I with six distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral carinae), segments II–V each with eight distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventrosubmedian carinae); dorsosubmedian carinae distinct on all segments, markedly serrate on II–IV, moderately serrate, converging posteriorly on I and V; dorsolateral carinae distinct, moderately serrate on segments I, II and V, slightly serrate on III and IV; ventrolateral carinae distinct, moderately serrate on segments I–IV, markedly serrate on segment V; ventrosubmedian carinae absent on segment I, obsolete on II and III, distinct, moderately serrate on IV and V, and converging posteriorly on V ( -Fig. 18J, K +Fig. 18J, K , -20H, I, L +20H, I, L ). - -Telson: + +Telson: Vesicle bulbous; dorsal surface flat; lateral and ventral surfaces relatively smooth with several macrosetae; ( -Figs 18G +Figs 18G , -19A, B +19A, B ); subaculear tubercle absent; prominent subaculear setal pair, moderately long. Aculeus short, shallowly curved; base narrow, less than one-third vesicle width. - -Material examined: - - -MYANMAR + + + +Material examined: + + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State : -Noije Bum +Noije Bum near -HukawngValley +HukawngValley ,preciselocalityunknown, -Cretaceous +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite: -two juv. +two juv. (sex unknown) ( -NIGP 201158 +NIGP 201158 , -201159 +201159 ) . diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCBFFE0FCA5FB6DB6D4FC13.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCBFFE0FCA5FB6DB6D4FC13.xml index 257c73b440d..a393fff8851 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCBFFE0FCA5FB6DB6D4FC13.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCBFFE0FCA5FB6DB6D4FC13.xml @@ -1,330 +1,337 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri -Lourenço, 2019 + + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri +Lourenço, 2019 - - - + + + ( -Figs 25–26 +Figs 25–26 , -39 +39 ) - - - - -Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri - + + + + +Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri + Lourenço, -2019 +2019 in - -Lourenço and Velten, 2019: 2–10 + +Lourenço and Velten, 2019: 2–10 , figs 1–8. - - -Type material: - -Holotype + + +Type material: + +Holotype : -one juv. ♀ +one juv. ♀ (personal collection of Hans-Georg Müller, Gelsenkirchen, Germany), -Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite : - -MYANMAR + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State (precise locality unknown). - - -Diagnosis: + + +Diagnosis: Thefollowingcombinationofcharactersisdiagnosticfor - -C. hansgeorgmuelleri + +C. hansgeorgmuelleri : carapace length less than posterior width ( -Fig. 26A +Fig. 26A ); carapace anterior margin slightly depressed submedially ( -Fig. 26A +Fig. 26A ); lateral ocelli protruding ( -Fig. 26A +Fig. 26A ); sternum relatively wide ( -Fig. 26B +Fig. 26B ); pectines each with five teeth ( -Fig. 26B +Fig. 26B ); pedipalp patella trichobothrium -i +i aligned with trichobothrium -d -3 +d +3 ( -Fig.26F +Fig.26F ); pedipalp chela robust, manus globose, ratio of chela length: chela manus width less than 3 ( -Fig. 26C +Fig. 26C ). - - -Description: + + +Description: Based on the material examined ( -NIGP +NIGP 201164). - -Carapace: + +Carapace: Length less than posterior width (L/ -PW +PW = 0.94). Anteromedian depression narrow, shallow; anterosubmedial depressions absent; lateral ocular carinae absent; posteromedian and posteromarginal sulci distinct; surfaces almost smooth to sparsely and finely granular ( -Fig. 26A +Fig. 26A ). Median ocular tubercle situated anteromedially; median ocelli absent; one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present. - - -Figure 23. - -Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum + + +Figure 23. + +Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum Lourenço, 2016 , one juv. (NIGP 200654), morphology under confocal microscopy. A, carapace. B, coxosternal region. C, chelicera, ventral aspect. D, tergites. E, pectines and sternites, ventral aspect. F, sinistral pecten, ventral aspect. G, pollen around scorpion. H, I, metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal and ventral aspects. J, dextral leg II tarsus, ventral aspect. K, sinistral legs I and II tarsi, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E, K); 50 μm (C, F, G, J); 200 μm (D, H, I). - - -Figure 24. - -Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum + + +Figure 24. + +Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum Lourenço, 2016 , one juv. (NIGP 200654), pedipalp trichobothrial pattern under confocal microscopy (A, B) and epifluorescence (C, D). Scale bars: 200 μm. - -Coxosternal region: + +Coxosternal region: Surface smooth, sparsely covered in macrosetae ( -Figs 25B +Figs 25B , -39G +39G ). Leg I maxillary lobes (coxapophyses) distal margins slightly curved, dilate anteriorly and adorned with serrula comprising -c +c . 15–25 denticles ( -Fig. 39G +Fig. 39G ). Sternum broad, pentagonal; lateral margins sublinear, parallel; ventral surface flat, without distinct concave region or median sulcus; posteromedian depression wide, shallow ( -Fig. 26B +Fig. 26B ). - -Chelicerae: + +Chelicerae: Fixed finger and manus, prolateral and ventral surfaces each with numerous long, dense macrosetae ( -Fig. 25A +Fig. 25A ). Cheliceral dentition not clearly visible. - -Pedipalps: + +Pedipalps: Segments moderately robust; surfaces sparsely covered by short microsetae ( -Fig. 25A +Fig. 25A ). Femur with three carinae evident; dorsalsurfacewithseveralcoarsegranules;prodorsalandproventral carinae distinct, serrate; retrodorsal carinae distinct, smooth, and costate ( -Fig. 26D +Fig. 26D ). Patella with five carinae evident; prodorsal carina distinct, costate-granular; prolateral surface, dorsoventral ‘vaulted’ projection (‘anterior process’) distinct with moderately developed pair of apophyses or tubercles (‘patellar spurs’), each possessing one macroseta; retrodorsal and retroventral carinae smooth, costate ( -Figs 25B +Figs 25B , -26F +26F ). Chela relatively robust (CL/ -CW +CW = 2.62, Appendix 2); manus globose; chela with six carinae evident; digital carina complete, distinct; dorsomedian carina moderately distinct, costate at base of fixed finger to medially on manus, becoming obsolete proximally on manus; prodorsal carina distinct, comprising several prominent spiniform granules, promedian and proventral carinae obsolete, each comprising few isolated granules; retroventral carina obsolete; dorsal secondary, subdigital, retromedian, and ventromedian carinae absent or obsolete ( -Figs 25A, B +Figs 25A, B , -26C +26C ). Chela finger dentition not visible. Trichobothrial pattern -Type +Type D, β configuration. Femur with 11 trichobothria, five -d +d , three -i +i , and three -e +e trichobothria; trichobothrium -e -1 +e +1 situated proximal to trichobothrium -d -3 +d +3 ; trichobothrium -e +e 3 situated dorsal to trichobothrium -d +d 6 ( -Fig. 26D +Fig. 26D ). Patella with 10 trichobothria, including three -d +d , one -i +i , and two -e +e trichobothria; trichobothrium -i -1 +i +1 aligned with trichobothrium -d +d 3 ( -Fig. 26F +Fig. 26F ). Chela with 12 trichobothria; fixed finger with two -d +d , three -i +i , and two -e +e trichobothria; manus with four -e +e and one -v +v trichobothria; trichobothrium -Et -1 +Et +1 situated distally on manus, almost aligned with, or proximal to, moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -eb +eb situated on fixed finger, slightly distal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -esb +esb situated medially on fixed finger; trichobothrium - -V + +V 2 situated distally on manus and near retroventral carina ( -Fig. 26C +Fig. 26C ). - - -Figure 25. - -Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri -Lourenço, 2019 + + +Figure 25. + +Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri +Lourenço, 2019 , one subad. (NIGP 201164), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm. - -Pectines: + +Pectines: Basal piece not visble ( -Fig. 26B +Fig. 26B ). Three marginal lamellae and four median lamellae; longitudinal suture between marginal and median lamellae distinct. Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth rounded, peg sensilla not visible. - -Genital operculum: + +Genital operculum: Two opercular sclerites narrow and completely separated ( -Fig. 26B +Fig. 26B ). - - -Material examined: - - -MYANMAR + + +Material examined: + + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State : -Noije Bum near Hukawng Valley +Noije Bum near Hukawng Valley , precise locality unknown, -Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite : one subad. (sex unknown), mesosoma and metasoma absent ( -NIGP 201164 +NIGP 201164 ) . diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCCFFDFFCA3FB58B69CFB28.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCCFFDFFCA3FB58B69CFB28.xml index cae841b1d44..4be3f1002a2 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCCFFDFFCA3FB58B69CFB28.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFCCFFDFFCA3FB58B69CFB28.xml @@ -1,363 +1,365 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum + + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum Lourenço, 2016 - - - + + + ( -Figs 22–24 +Figs 22–24 ) - - - -Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum + + + +Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum Lourenço, 2016: 68–72 , figs 12, 13, 15, 16. - - -Type material: - -Holotype + + +Type material: + +Holotype : -one juv. -(sex unknown) (Geologisch- Paläontologisches Institut, University of Hamburg, Germany: 11037-1 -GPIH4566 +one juv. +(sex unknown) (Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, University of Hamburg, Germany: 11037-1 +GPIH4566 ), -Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite : - -MYANMAR + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State (precise locality unknown). - - -Diagnosis: + + +Diagnosis: The following combination of characters is diagnostic for - -C. gigantosternum + +C. gigantosternum : carapace relatively long (L/ Pw = 1.25); carapace anteromedian margin slightly convex and anterosubmedian margin slightly concave ( -Figs 22A +Figs 22A , -23A +23A ); carapace posterior margin linear; lateral ocelli not protruding, macular ( -Fig. 23A +Fig. 23A ); sternum relatively wide; cheliceral moveable finger with distinct serrula; pedipalp chela slender, manus elongate, with ratio of chela length: chela manus width greater than 4 ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 ); pectines relatively large, each with five teeth ( -Fig. 23F +Fig. 23F ); ratio of metasomal segment -IV +IV : -V +V length less than 2 ( -Fig. 23H, I +Fig. 23H, I ). - - -Description: + + +Description: Based on the material examined ( -NIGP +NIGP 200654). -Carapace: +Carapace: Anterior margin of carapace with few, short microsetae; anteromedian depression not visible; anterosubmedial depressions absent; lateral ocular carinae distinct; posteromedian and posteromarginal sulci not distinct; surfaces almost smooth to sparsely and finely granular ( -Fig. 23A +Fig. 23A ). Median ocular tubercle situated anteromedially; median ocelli absent; one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present. - - -Figure 18. - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus + + +Figure 18. + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201158), morphology under epifluorescence (A, B, J, K) and confocal microscopy (C–I). A, B, dextral pedipalp, dorsal and ventral aspects. C, leg II tarsus, ventral aspect. D, lateral ocelli. E, F, cheliceral fingers, dorsal and ventral aspects. G, telson, lateral aspect. H, sternite V. I, dextral pecten, ventral aspect. J, K, metasoma and telson, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 400 μm (A, B, J, K); 100 μm (C, E, F); 200 μm (D, G, H, I). - - -Figure 19. - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus + + +Figure 19. + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201159), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm. - -Coxosternal region: + +Coxosternal region: Surface smooth, sparsely covered in few macrosetae ( -Fig. 23B +Fig. 23B ). Distal margins of leg I maxillary lobes (coxapophyses) slightly curved and dilate anteriorly, adorned with serrula comprising -c. +c. 13 spiny denticles. Sternum pentagonal; lateral margins sublinear, parallel, ventral surface flat, without distinct concave region or median sulcus;posteromedian depression wide, shallow. - -Chelicerae: + +Chelicerae: Fixed finger and manus, prolateral and ventral surfaces each with numerous macrosetae. Cheliceral dentition partly visible, moveable finger strongly overlapping fixed finger; moveable finger with long dorsal distal (dd) denticle, small dorsal subdistal denticle, stout dorsal median denticle and long ventral distal (vd) denticle; fixed finger with long distal denticle. Moveable finger with prominent serrula, comprising -c. +c. 10 long spinules and extending almost entire length of ventral surface ( -Fig. 23C +Fig. 23C ). - -Pedipalps: + +Pedipalps: Segments gracile ( -Figs 22 +Figs 22 , -23 +23 ). Femur with three carinae evident; prodorsal, proventral and retrodorsal carinae distinct, smooth and costate. Patella with three carinae evident; retroventral carinae distinct, smooth and costate; prolateral surface, dorsoventral ‘vaulted’ projection (‘anterior process’) distinct, with obsolete pair of apophyses or tubercles (‘patellar spurs’), each possessing one macroseta. Chela relatively slender (CL/ -CW +CW = 4.37, Appendix 2); manus elongate; chela with three carinae evident; digital carina complete, distinct, granular medially, becoming costate proximally and distally; prodorsal carina distinct, smooth; retroventral carina obsolete, smooth and costate; other carinae absent or obsolete. Chela finger dentition not visible. Trichobothrial pattern -Type +Type D, β configuration ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 ). Femur with 10 trichobothria visible, five -d +d , three -e +e , and two -i +i trichobothria, trichobothrium -e -1 +e +1 situated proximal to trichobothrium -d +d 3; trichobothrium -e +e 3 situated dorsal to trichobothrium -d -6 +d +6 . Patella with eight trichobothria visible, including three -d +d , one -i +i , and four -e +e trichobothria; trichobothrium -i +i 1 situateddistaltotrichobothrium -d +d 3.Chelawith 12trichobothria visible; fixed finger with two -d +d , two -e +e , and three -i +i trichobothria; manus with four -E +E and one - -V + +V trichobothria; trichobothrium -Et -1 +Et +1 situated distally on manus, almost aligned with or proximal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -eb +eb situated on fixed finger, slightly distal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -esb +esb situated medially on fixed finger; trichobothrium - -V + +V 2 situated distally on manus and near retroventral carina. - - -Figure 20. - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus + + +Figure 20. + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201159), morphology under confocal microscopy. A, lateral ocelli. B, carapace. C, cheliceral fingers, dorsal aspect. D, respiratory spiracle. E, sternum and genital operculum. F, pectinal plate, pectines and sternite III, ventral aspect. G, dextral pecten, ventral aspect. H, I, metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal and ventral aspects. J, K, legs I and II tarsi, lateral aspect. L, metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, C, G, J, K); 200 μm (B, D, E, F, L); 400 μm (H, I). - - -Figure 21. - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus + + +Figure 21. + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201159), pedipalp trichobothrial pattern under epifluorescence (A) and confocal microscopy (B–F). Scale bars: 400 μm (A); 200 μm (B–F). - -Legs: + +Legs: Tibial lateral and ventral surfaces each with scattered macrosetae ( -Fig. 23J, K +Fig. 23J, K ). Basitarsi each with pair of spinule rows, comprising -c +c . 12 relatively long spinules, distally. Telotarsi each with slightly irregular pair of ventrosubmedian spinule rows, comprising relatively long spinules. Ungues moderately long, distinctly curved; dactyl pronounced, pointed. - -Pectines: + +Pectines: Basal piece not visible. Three marginal lamellae and four median lamellae; surface sparsely covered in macrosetae; longitudinal suture between marginal and median lamellae distinct ( -Fig. 23E, F -). Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth rounded, distal +Fig. 23E, F +). Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth rounded, distal three-quarters of each tooth occupied by sensillar field; peg sensilla very long and columnar. - -Extinct chaerilobuthid scorpions from Burmite -• 31 - - - -Figure 22. - -Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum + + +Figure 22. + +Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum Lourenço, 2016 , one juv. (NIGP 200654), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm. -three-quarters of each tooth occupied by sensillar field; peg sensilla very long and columnar. - -Genital operculum: + +Genital operculum: Opercular sclerites not visible. - - -Mesosoma + + +Mesosoma : Pretergites surfaces almost smooth ( -Fig. 23D +Fig. 23D ); post-tergites I– -VI +VI surfaces finely granular,acarinate ( -Fig.23D +Fig.23D ); tergite VII surface sparsely granular with four carinae (paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae) in posterior half of segment ( -Fig. 23D +Fig. 23D ). Sternites surfaces smooth, with scattered macrosetae; respiratory spiracles (stigmata) small, ovoid to round ( -Fig. 23E +Fig. 23E ). - -Metasoma: + +Metasoma: Segments I– -V +V progressively increasing in length, I wider than long, others longer than wide ( -Fig. 23H, I +Fig. 23H, I ). Segments I– -V +V lateral and ventral surfaces each with few, short macrosetae; I– -IV +IV dorsal surfaces each with distinct depression. Segments I– -III +III each with six distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral carinae), -IV +IV and -V +V each with eight distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventrosubmedian carinae); dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae distinct, slightly serrate; ventrolateral carinae distinct, costate-granular; ventrosubmedian carinae obsolete. - - -Material examined: - - -MYANMAR + + +Material examined: + + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State : Noije Bum near Hukawng Valley, precise locality unknown, -Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite : first instar juv. (sex unknown) ( -NIGP 200654 +NIGP 200654 ). Hypothesized to be in first instar based on small size and weak development of carinae and sulci . diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD0FFCDFF39F9DAB710F909.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD0FFCDFF39F9DAB710F909.xml index 02169482c07..5016dd1f500 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD0FFCDFF39F9DAB710F909.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD0FFCDFF39F9DAB710F909.xml @@ -1,1437 +1,1427 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 - - - + + + ( -Figs 4–10 +Figs 4–10 ) - - - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015: 470 , 471, figs 13–18, photos 194–196. - - -Type material: - -Holotype + + +Type material: + +Holotype : -one juv. +one juv. (sex unknown) (personal collection of KlausPeter Brucksch, Kuranda, Australia), -Cretaceous -(Cenomanian) burmite: - -MYANMAR +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite +: + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State (precise locality unknown). - -Diagnosis: + + + +Diagnosis: The following combination of characters is diagnostic for - -C. bruckschi + +C. bruckschi : carapace anterior margin sublinear ( -Figs 6A +Figs 6A , -9A +9A ); lateral ocelli markedly protruding ( -Figs 6A +Figs 6A , -9A +9A ), pectines each with five or six teeth ( -Fig. 6D +Fig. 6D ); pedipalp chela relatively slender, ratio of chela length: chela manus width less than 5 ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ); ratio of metasomal segment -IV +IV : -V +V length less than 2 ( -Figs 5C, D, E, F +Figs 5C, D, E, F , -9K, L, M, N +9K, L, M, N ); metasomal segment -V +V dorsolateral carinae slightly serrate ( -Fig. 9M +Fig. 9M ); telson vesicle slightly bulbous ( -Figs 5E, F +Figs 5E, F , -9M, N +9M, N ), aculeus moderately long and curved, base narrow ( -Figs 5E, F +Figs 5E, F , -9M, N +9M, N ). - - -Table 2. + + + +Table 2. Measurements (mm) and counts for 11 new specimens of -Chaerilobuthinae -Lourenço, 2011 +Chaerilobuthinae +Lourenço, 2011 , -stat. nov. -, in the collections of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - - -(NGIP 200654–200657, 201158–201164). Abbreviations as follows: Cbru = - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi +stat. nov. +, in the collections of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NGIP 200654–200657, 201158–201164). Abbreviations as follows: Cbru = + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 ; Ccom = - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 -; - - -Ceni = - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus +; Ceni = + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 ; Cgig = - -Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum + +Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum Lourenço, 2016 ; Chan = - -Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri -Lourenço, 2019 + +Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri +Lourenço, 2019 ; Ckno = - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018 + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018 ; Cser = - -Chaerilobuthus serratus + +Chaerilobuthus serratus Lourenço, 2016 . - - - - - -
-Cbru + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + +
+Cbru -Cbru + +Cbru -Ccom + +Ccom -Ccom + +Ccom -Ceni + +Ceni -Ceni + +Ceni -Cgig + +Cgig -Chan + +Chan -Ckno + +Ckno -Cser + +Cser -Cser + +Cser
-201161 +
+201161 -201162 + +201162 -200655 + +200655 -201160 + +201160 -201158 + +201158 -201159 + +201159 -200654 + +200654 -201164 + +201164 -200657 + +200657 -200656 + +200656 -201163 + +201163
CarapaceL1.080.91.071.321.261.250.711.61.591.120.67
CarapaceL1.080.91.071.321.261.250.711.61.591.120.67
Anterior W0.560.440.75-0.4110.680.35
Anterior W0.560.440.75-0.4110.680.35
Posterior W0.950.781.080.571.70.940.54
Posterior W0.950.781.080.571.70.940.54
PedipalpFemur L/W0.9/1.310.83/0.250.93/0.271.54/0.471.13/0.441.15/0.460.48/0.181.42/0.561.29/0.461.04/0.330.64/0.17
PedipalpFemur L/W0.9/1.310.83/0.250.93/0.271.54/0.471.13/0.441.15/0.460.48/0.181.42/0.561.29/0.461.04/0.330.64/0.17
Patella L/W1.01/0.300.89/0.251.09/0.321.69/0.461.12/0.361.26/0.390.58/0.191.46/0.581.47/0.411.13/0.290.69/0.18
Patella L/W1.01/0.300.89/0.251.09/0.321.69/0.461.12/0.361.26/0.390.58/0.191.46/0.581.47/0.411.13/0.290.69/0.18
Chela L/W-/0.351.34/0.231.47/0.412.43/0.521.95/0.551.77/0.550.83/0.192.54/0.972.14/0.571.58/0.321.00/0.20
Chela L/W-/0.351.34/0.231.47/0.412.43/0.521.95/0.551.77/0.550.83/0.192.54/0.972.14/0.571.58/0.321.00/0.20
Moveable finger L0.890.91.531.0210.511.31.30.940.66
Moveable finger L0.890.91.531.0210.511.31.30.940.66
-Mesosoma +
+Mesosoma Total L2.031.091.522.62.31.14.071.941.31Total L2.031.091.522.62.31.14.071.941.31
PectinesTooth count6/--/-5/55/55/55/55/55/55/55/55/5
PectinesTooth count6/--/-5/55/55/55/55/55/55/55/55/5
MetasomaSegment I L/W/H0.32/0.45/-0.28/0.37/-0.27/0.51/-0.45/0.69/-0.32/-/0.460.37/0.56/-0.20/0.24/-0.60/0.76/-0.35/-/0.480.24/-/-
MetasomaSegment I L/W/H0.32/0.45/-0.28/0.37/-0.27/0.51/-0.45/0.69/-0.32/-/0.460.37/0.56/-0.20/0.24/-0.60/0.76/-0.35/-/0.480.24/-/-
Segment II L/W/H0.35/0.44/-0.31/0.33/-0.32/-/-0.54/0.66/-0.41/-/0.420.46/0.53/-0.21/0.23/-0.63/-/0.710.36/-/0.450.24/-/-
Segment II L/W/H0.35/0.44/-0.31/0.33/-0.32/-/-0.54/0.66/-0.41/-/0.420.46/0.53/-0.21/0.23/-0.63/-/0.710.36/-/0.450.24/-/-
Segment III L/W/H0.37/0.45/-0.32/0.33/-0.43/-/-0.58/0.61/-0.45/-/0.350.48/0.52/-0.26/0.24/--0.76/-/0.690.40/-/0.380.26/-/-
Segment III L/W/H0.37/0.45/-0.32/0.33/-0.43/-/-0.58/0.61/-0.45/-/0.350.48/0.52/-0.26/0.24/--0.76/-/0.690.40/-/0.380.26/-/-
Segment IV L/W/H0.58/0.46/-0.47/0.32/-0.94/0.60/-0.63/-/0.330.65/0.52/-0.35/0.21/-1.07/-/0.690.69/-/0.390.38/-/0.25
Segment IV L/W/H0.58/0.46/-0.47/0.32/-0.94/0.60/-0.63/-/0.330.65/0.52/-0.35/0.21/-1.07/-/0.690.69/-/0.390.38/-/0.25
Segment V L/W/H1.09/0.49/-0.85/0.31/-1.63/0.63/-1.35/-/0.321.35/0.56/-0.53/0.25/-1.15/-/0.370.66/-/0.26
Segment V L/W/H1.09/0.49/-0.85/0.31/-1.63/0.63/-1.35/-/0.321.35/0.56/-0.53/0.25/-1.15/-/0.370.66/-/0.26
Total L2.712.234.143.163.311.552.951.78
Total L2.712.234.143.163.311.552.951.78
TelsonVesicle L0.780.551.230.910.760.790.48
TelsonVesicle L0.780.551.230.910.760.790.48
Vesicle W0.410.33
Vesicle W0.410.33
Vesicle H0.450.540.370.22
Vesicle H0.450.540.370.22
Total L1.210.931.781.41.231.310.76
Total L1.210.931.781.41.231.310.76
-
 - -Table 3. + + +Table 3. Measurements (mm) and counts for holotypes of described species of -Chaerilobuthinae -Lourenço, 2011 +Chaerilobuthinae +Lourenço, 2011 , -stat. nov. +stat. nov. , from the literature ( -Lourenço and Beigel 2011 +Lourenço and Beigel 2011 , -Lourenço - - +Lourenço 2015a, b, 2016b, 2018, -Lourenço and Velten 2019 +Lourenço and Velten 2019 , -2020 +2020 , -2022 +2022 ). Abbreviations as follows:Cbir = - -Chaerilobuthus birmanicus + +Chaerilobuthus birmanicus Lourenço, 2015 ; Cbra = - -Chaerilobuthus brandti -Lourenço, 2022 + +Chaerilobuthus brandti +Lourenço, 2022 -; - - -Cbri = - -Chaerilobuthus brigittemuellerae +; Cbri = + +Chaerilobuthus brigittemuellerae ( -Lourenço, 2020 +Lourenço, 2020 ) , -comb. nov. +comb. nov. ; Cbru = - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 ; Ccom = - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 -; - - -Ceni = - -Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus +; Ceni = + +Chaerilobuthus enigmaticus Lourenço, 2015 ; Cgig = - -Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum + +Chaerilobuthus gigantosternum Lourenço, 2016 ; Chan = - -Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri -Lourenço, 2019 + +Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri +Lourenço, 2019 ; Ckno = - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018 + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018 .
- - - -
-Cbir + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + +
+Cbir -Cbra + +Cbra -Cbri + +Cbri -Cbru + +Cbru -Ccom + +Ccom -Ceni + +Ceni -Cgig + +Cgig -Chan + +Chan -Ckno + +Ckno
CarapaceL1.211.271.81.030.661.6711.341.07
CarapaceL1.211.271.81.030.661.6711.341.07
Anterior W0.940.930.510.870.57
Anterior W0.940.930.510.870.57
Posterior W0.811.471.540.61.40.94
Posterior W0.811.471.540.61.40.94
PedipalpFemur L/W1.27/0.271.34/0.401.47/0.53-/-0.48/0.16-/-0.60/0.141.27/0.600.84/0.34
PedipalpFemur L/W1.27/0.271.34/0.401.47/0.53-/-0.48/0.16-/-0.60/0.141.27/0.600.84/0.34
Patella L/W1.40/0.411.47/0.271.67/0.671.46/0.520.51/0.17-/-0.74/0.271.40/0.671.10/0.30
Patella L/W1.40/0.411.47/0.271.67/0.671.46/0.520.51/0.17-/-0.74/0.271.40/0.671.10/0.30
Chela L/W2.07/0.612.21/0.272.53/0.671.87/0.340.80/0.14-/-1.34/0.342.14/0.871.40/0.40
Chela L/W2.07/0.612.21/0.272.53/0.671.87/0.340.80/0.14-/-1.34/0.342.14/0.871.40/0.40
Moveable finger L1.071.471.470.930.540.940.84
Moveable finger L1.071.471.470.930.540.940.84
-Mesosoma +
+Mesosoma Total L2.672.542.23.110.942.671.472.542.1Total L2.672.542.23.110.942.671.472.542.1
PectinesTooth count-/-7/85/6-/-5/-4/45/-6/55/5
PectinesTooth count-/-7/85/6-/-5/-4/45/-6/55/5
MetasomaSegment I L/W/H0.47/0.67/-0.73/0.93/-0.40/0.33/-0.11/-/-0.34/-/-0.47/0.74/-0.37/0.44/-
MetasomaSegment I L/W/H0.47/0.67/-0.73/0.93/-0.40/0.33/-0.11/-/-0.34/-/-0.47/0.74/-0.37/0.44/-
Segment II L/W/H0.47/0.54/-0.80/0.93/-0.47/0.27/-0.14/-/-0.34/-/-0.60/0.74/-0.40/0.40/-
Segment II L/W/H0.47/0.54/-0.80/0.93/-0.47/0.27/-0.14/-/-0.34/-/-0.60/0.74/-0.40/0.40/-
Segment III L/W/H0.67/0.54/-0.93/0.87/-0.53/0.27/-0.20/-/0.110.40/0.27/-0.74/0.80/-0.47/0.37/-
Segment III L/W/H0.67/0.54/-0.93/0.87/-0.53/0.27/-0.20/-/0.110.40/0.27/-0.74/0.80/-0.47/0.37/-
Segment IV L/W/H0.94/0.54/-1.13/0.87/-0.67/0.27/-0.31/0.14/-0.54/0.27/-0.87/0.80/-0.60/0.34/-
Segment IV L/W/H0.94/0.54/-1.13/0.87/-0.67/0.27/-0.31/0.14/-0.54/0.27/-0.87/0.80/-0.60/0.34/-
Segment V L/W/H1.67/0.47/-1.53/0.87/-1.20/0.25/-0.48/-/0.140.80/0.34/-1.40/0.87/-1.14/0.34/-
Segment V L/W/H1.67/0.47/-1.53/0.87/-1.20/0.25/-0.48/-/0.140.80/0.34/-1.40/0.87/-1.14/0.34/-
Total L3.674.225.123.271.24-2.424.082.98
Total L3.674.225.123.271.24-2.424.082.98
TelsonVesicle L0.31
TelsonVesicle L0.31
Vesicle W0.850.870.420.260.820.27
Vesicle W0.850.870.420.260.820.27
Vesicle H0.550.470.170.40
Vesicle H0.550.470.170.40
Total L1.141.741.871.340.541.60.941.311.17
Total L1.141.741.871.340.541.60.941.311.17
-
 - -Table 4. + + +Table 4. Measurements (mm) and counts for holotypes of described species of -Chaerilobuthinae -Lourenço, 2011 +Chaerilobuthinae +Lourenço, 2011 , -stat. nov. +stat. nov. , and a male of the type species of - + Pseudochactidae -Gromov, 1998 +Gromov, 1998 from the literature ( - + Prendini -et al. +et al. 2006 , -Lourenço 2013 +Lourenço 2013 , -2016b +2016b , -Lourenço and Velten 2015 +Lourenço and Velten 2015 , -2021 +2021 , -2024a +2024a –c). Abbreviations as follows:Clon = - -Chaerilobuthus longiaculeus -Lourenço, 2013 + +Chaerilobuthus longiaculeus +Lourenço, 2013 -; - - -Cmeg = - -Chaerilobuthus meggeri -Lourenço, 2021 +; Cmeg = + +Chaerilobuthus meggeri +Lourenço, 2021 ; Cpet = - -Chaerilobuthus petersi + +Chaerilobuthus petersi Lourenço, 2024 ; Cschm = - -Chaerilobuthus schmidti + +Chaerilobuthus schmidti Lourenço, 2024 ; Cschw = - -Chaerilobuthus schwarzi + +Chaerilobuthus schwarzi Lourenço, 2015 ; Cser = - -Chaerilobuthus serratus + +Chaerilobuthus serratus Lourenço, 2016 ; Csta = - -Chaerilobuthus staxi + +Chaerilobuthus staxi Lourenço, 2024 ; Povc = - -Pseudochactas ovchinnikovi -Gromov, 1998 + +Pseudochactas ovchinnikovi +Gromov, 1998 .
- - - -Description: + + +Description: Based on the material examined ( -NIGP +NIGP 201161, 201162). - -Carapace: + +Carapace: Anterior margin with few, short microsetae; anteromedian depression narrow, shallow; anterosubmedial depressions absent; lateral ocular carinae absent; posteromedian and posteromarginal sulci distinct; posterior margin slightly recurved medially; surfaces almost smooth to sparsely covered by microsetae ( -Figs 4A +Figs 4A , -6A +6A , -9A +9A ). Median ocular tubercle situated anteromedially; median ocelli absent; one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A ). - -Coxosternal region: + +Coxosternal region: Surface smooth, sparsely covered in macrosetae ( -Fig. 5B +Fig. 5B ). Sternum not visible. - -Chelicerae: + +Chelicerae: Fixed finger and manus, prolateral and ventral surfaces each with long, dense setae ( -Fig. 6B, C +Fig. 6B, C ). Moveable finger markedly overlapping fixed finger such that cheliceral dentition partly visible; moveable finger with long dorsal distal (dd) denticle, small dorsal subdistal denticle, stout dorsal median denticle, long ventral distal (vd) denticle, and three or four small ventral accessory (va) denticles; fixed finger with long distal denticle and small subdistal denticle. Moveable finger with prominent serrula comprising moderately long spinules in proximal three-quarters. - - -Pedipalps: + +Pedipalps: Segments gracile ( -Figs 7 +Figs 7 , -10 +10 ). Femur with four carinae evident; prodorsal, proventral, and retrodorsal carinae distinct, serrate; retroventral carinae smooth, costate. Patella with six carinae evident; prolateral surface, dorsoventral ‘vaulted’ projection (‘anterior process’) moderately developed with moderately developed pair of apophyses or tubercles (‘patellar spurs’), each possessing one macroseta; retrodorsal, retromedian, and retroventral carinae distinct, smooth, and costate; prodorsal carina incomplete, slightly granular, and obsolete proximally. Chela relatively gracile (CL/ -CW +CW = 5.83, Appendix 2); manus globose; chela with five carinae evident; digital carina distinct on fixed finger and manus; prodorsal carina moderately developed, comprising several spiniform granules; promedian carina distinct, comprising five or six prominent spiniform granules; proventral carinae obsolete, comprising few isolated granules; retroventral carina obsolete, smooth, and costate; dorsomedian, dorsal secondary, subdigital, retromedian and ventromedian carinae absent or obsolete. Chela finger dentition not visible. Trichobothrial pattern -Type +Type D, β configuration. Femur with 11 trichobothria visible, six -d +d , two -i +i and three -e +e trichobothria, trichobothria -d +d 1, -d +d 2, -d +d 4 and -d +d 6 noticeably smaller than others (‘petite’); trichobothrium -e -1 +e +1 situated proximal to trichobothrium -d -3 +d +3 ; trichobothrium -e -3 +e +3 situated dorsal to trichobothrium -d -6 +d +6 ( -Figs 7A +Figs 7A , -10 +10 ). Patella with nine trichobothria visible, including three -d +d , one -i +i , and five -e +e trichobothria; trichobothrium -i +i 1 situated distal to trichobothrium -d -3 +d +3 ( -Figs 7A +Figs 7A , -10 +10 ). Chela with 12 trichobothria visible; fixed finger with two -d +d , two -e +e , and three -i +i trichobothria; manus with four -E +E and one - -V + +V trichobothria; trichobothrium -Et -1 +Et +1 situated distally on manus, almost aligned with, or proximal to, moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -eb +eb situated on fixed finger, slightly distal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -esb +esb situated medially to subdistally on fixed finger; trichobothrium - -V + +V 2 situated distally on manus and near retroventral carina ( -Figs 7B–D +Figs 7B–D , -10 +10 ). - -Legs: + +Legs: Tibia lateral and ventral surfaces each with scattered macrosetae ( -Figs 6I–L +Figs 6I–L , -9F–I +9F–I ). Basitarsi each with distinct pedal spurs and pair of spinule rows, comprising -c +c . 10 relatively long spinules, distally. Ungues moderately long, distinctly curved; dactyl pronounced, pointed. - -Pectines: + +Pectines: Three marginal lamellae and four median lamellae ( -Figs 6D +Figs 6D , -9J +9J ); surface sparsely covered in macrosetae; longitudinal suture between marginal and median lamellae distinct. Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth rounded; distal three-quarters of each tooth occupied by sensillar field. - -Genital operculum: + +Genital operculum: Not visible, covered by fissures and bubbles. - - - -Mesosoma + + +Mesosoma : Pretergites surfaces almost smooth ( -Figs 5A +Figs 5A , -6E +6E , -9D +9D ); post-tergites I– -VI +VI surfaces finely granular, acarinate ( -Figs 5A +Figs 5A , -6E +6E , -9D +9D ); tergite VII surface sparsely granular with four distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae) in posterior half of segment ( -Fig. 6H +Fig. 6H ). Sternites surfaces smooth, with scattered macrosetae; posterior margins broadly recurved; respiratory spiracles (stigmata) small, ovoid to round ( -Figs 6F +Figs 6F , -9E +9E ). - -Metasoma: + +Metasoma: Segments I– -V +V progressively increasing in length, I wider than long, others longer than wide ( -Figs 4 +Figs 4 , -8 +8 ). Segments I– -V +V lateral and ventral surfaces each with few, short macrosetae ( -Figs 5C–F +Figs 5C–F , -6H +6H , -9K–N +9K–N ); I– -IV +IV dorsal surfaces each with distinct depression ( -Figs. 6H +Figs. 6H , -9K, L +9K, L ). Segments I– -III +III each with six distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae), -IV +IV and -V +V each with eight distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae); dorsosubmedian carinae distinct on all segments, markedly serrate, and converging posteriorly; dorsolateral carinae distinct, markedly serrate on segments I– -III +III , moderately serrate on segments -IV +IV and -V +V ; ventrolateral carinae distinct, moderately serrate on segments I– -IV +IV , weakly serrate on -V +V ; ventrosubmedian carinae absent on segments I– -III +III , obsolete on -IV +IV , distinct, moderately serrate, and converging posteriorly on -V +V ( -Figs 5C–F +Figs 5C–F , -6H +6H , -9K–N +9K–N ). - - -Telson: + +Telson: Dorsal surface flat; lateral and ventral surfaces relatively smooth, with several macrosetae ( -Figs 5E, F +Figs 5E, F , -6G +6G , -9M, N +9M, N ); subaculear tubercle absent; prominent, moderately long subaculear setal pair. - -Material examined: - - -MYANMAR + + + +Material examined: + + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State : -Noije Bum +Noije Bum near -HukawngValley +HukawngValley ,preciselocalityunknown, -Cretaceous +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite: -1 juv. +1 juv. (sex unknown), dextral pedipalp patella and chela ab - sent ( -NIGP 201161 +NIGP 201161 ), -1 juv. +1 juv. (sex unknown) ( -NIGP 201162 +NIGP 201162 ) . diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD7FFC5FCA3FD7CB1DCF808.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD7FFC5FCA3FD7CB1DCF808.xml index bb23c295fd6..2514b079491 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD7FFC5FCA3FD7CB1DCF808.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD7FFC5FCA3FD7CB1DCF808.xml @@ -1,74 +1,77 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -60 + +1 +60 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - + @@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ Genus ( -Figs 4–39 +Figs 4–39 ) @@ -168,45 +171,45 @@ The species of share many characters with the extant family Pseudochactidae , notably: sternum pentagonal ( -Figs 12B +Figs 12B , -15B +15B , -20E +20E , -23B +23B , -26B +26B , -28B +28B , -33B +33B , -34D +34D , -37F +37F ); cheliceral moveable finger basal teeth absent; moveable finger ventral surface with serrula ( -Figs 6C +Figs 6C , -12G +12G , -18F +18F , -23C +23C , -29B +29B , -34B +34B , -37B +37B ); median denticle rows of pedipalp chela fingers comprising oblique subrows ( -Figs 13C +Figs 13C , -15E +15E , -29F +29F , -33C +33C ); pedipalps with Type D trichobothrial pattern, β configuration; trichobothrium @@ -219,148 +222,148 @@ situated on femur dorsal surface, angle formed by 3, and d 4 opening toward prolateral surface ( -Figs 7 +Figs 7 , -10 +10 , -13 +13 , -16 +16 , -21 +21 , -24 +24 , -26 +26 , -31 +31 , -35 +35 , -38 +38 ); legs with prolateral and retrolateral pedal spurs present, legs III and IV with tibial spurs absent ( -Figs 6I–L +Figs 6I–L , -7F–I +7F–I , -12K, L +12K, L , -15G +15G , -18C +18C , -20J, K +20J, K , -23J, K +23J, K , -29G–J +29G–J , -33C, D, G, H, K +33C, D, G, H, K , -34I–L +34I–L , -37D +37D ), and telotarsi each with two rows of ventrosubmedian spinules ( -Figs 6J–L +Figs 6J–L , -9G, I +9G, I , -23J, K +23J, K , -29H, J +29H, J ); metasomal segment V with paired ventrosubmedian carinae ( -Figs 5F +Figs 5F , -9N +9N , -20L +20L , -33I, J +33I, J , -35I +35I ); telson without subaculear tubercle ( -Figs 5F +Figs 5F , -9N +9N , -14B +14B , -18G +18G , -19B +19B , -33I, J +33I, J , -37I +37I ). The extinct genus may be distinguished from other pseudochactid scorpions by the following combination of characters: carapace anterior margin sublinear, anterolateral margins entire, posterolateral margins angular, slanting, posteromedian margin slightly recurved ( -Figs 6A +Figs 6A , -9A +9A , -12A +12A , -15A +15A , -20B +20B , -23A +23A , -26A +26A , -28A +28A , -34A +34A , -37A +37A ); carapace circumocular sutures absent ( -Figs 6A +Figs 6A , -9A +9A , -12A +12A , -15A +15A , -20B +20B , -23A +23A , -26A +26A , -28A +28A , -34A +34A , -37A +37A ); median ocelli absent and one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present ( -Figs 6A +Figs 6A , -9A +9A , -12A +12A , -15A +15A , -18D +18D , -20A, B +20A, B , -23A +23A , -26A +26A , -28A +28A , -29A +29A , -33A +33A , -34A, C +34A, C , -37A, C +37A, C ); pedipalp femoral trichobothria d 3 @@ -368,21 +371,21 @@ and d 4 situated closer to midpoint of segment ( -Figs 7A +Figs 7A , -10 +10 , -13A +13A , -16 +16 , -24A +24A , -26D +26D , -31 +31 , -35C, J +35C, J ) and d 3 @@ -390,46 +393,46 @@ situated closer to midpoint of segment ( d 4 axis directed slightly away from retrodorsal carina rather than parallel to it (β configuration) ( -Figs 7A +Figs 7A , -10 +10 , -13A +13A , -16 +16 , -24A +24A , -26D +26D , -31 +31 , -35C, J +35C, J ); pectines with low tooth counts (five to eight teeth) ( -Figs 6D +Figs 6D , -12B +12B , -15D +15D , -18I +18I , -20G +20G , -23F +23F , -26B +26B , -29C +29C , -33B +33B , -34G +34G , -37H +37H ). - - - -16 • -Xuan -et al. + + + +Diagnosis +: + +The +following combination of characters is diagnostic for + +Chaerilobuthus complexus + +: carapace anteromedian margin aligned with anterolateral margins ( +Figs 11A +, +14A +); carapace anterior margin slightly depressed submedially ( +Figs 12A +, +15A +); lateral ocelli protruding ( +Figs 12A +, +15A +); sternum relatively narrow ( +Figs 17B +, +20B +); pedipalp chela robust, ratio of chela length: chela manus width less than 5 ( +Figs 13C +, +16 +); pedipalp chela fixed finger median denticle row comprising +c. +seven oblique subrows ( +Figs 13C +, +15E +); pectines each with five teeth ( +Figs 12B +, +15D +); mesosoma relatively wide, tergite VII width much greater than length ( +Fig 11E +); metasomal segment I width much greater than length ( +Fig. 12I, J +). - - -robust, ratio of chela length: chela manus width less than 5 ( -Figs 13C -, -16 -); pedipalp chela fixed finger median denticle row comprising -c. -seven oblique subrows ( -Figs 13C -, -15E -); pectines each with five teeth ( -Figs 12B -, -15D -); mesosoma relatively wide, tergite VII width much greater than length ( -Fig 11E -); metasomal segment I width much greater than length ( -Fig. 12I, J -). - - -Description: + + +Description: Based on the material examined ( -NIGP +NIGP 200655, 201160). - -Carapace: + +Carapace: Anterior carapace margin with few, short microsetae; anteromedian depression narrow, shallow; anterosubmedial depressions absent; lateral ocular carinae absent; posteromedian and posteromarginal sulci obsolete; surfaces almost smooth to sparsely covered in microsetae ( -Figs 12A +Figs 12A , -15A +15A ). Median ocular tubercle situated anteromedially; median ocelli absent; one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present. - -Coxosternal region: + +Coxosternal region: Surface smooth, sparsely covered in macrosetae ( -Figs 12B +Figs 12B , -39D +39D ). Leg I maxillary lobes (coxapophyses) distal margins slightly curved, dilate anteriorly and adorned with serrula comprising -c +c . 14–16 spinules ( -Fig. 39D +Fig. 39D ). Sternum pentagonal; lateral margins sublinear, parallel; ventral surface flat, without distinct concave region or median sulcus; posteromedian depression wide, shallow; posterior margin slightly recurved ( -Figs 12B +Figs 12B , -15B +15B ). - - -Chelicerae: + +Chelicerae: Fixed finger and manus, prolateral and ventral surfaces each with numerous long, dense macrosetae ( -Fig. 12C, G +Fig. 12C, G ). Moveable finger markedly overlapping fixed finger ( -Fig. 12D +Fig. 12D ) such that cheliceral dentition partly visible; moveable finger with long dorsal distal (dd) denticle, small dorsal subdistal denticle, stout dorsal median denticle and long ventral distal (vd) denticle; fixed finger with long distal denticle and small subdistal denticle ( -Figs 18E, F +Figs 18E, F , -20C +20C ). Moveable finger with prominent serrula, comprising moderately long spinules in proximal three-quarters ( -Fig. 12C, G +Fig. 12C, G ). - -Pedipalps: + +Pedipalps: Segments moderately robust; surfaces sparsely covered by short microsetae and few macrosetae ( -Figs 11 +Figs 11 , -13 +13 , -14 +14 , -16 +16 ). Femur with three carinae evident; prodorsal and proventral carinae distinct, serrate, prodorsal carinae with small apophysis proximally ( -Figs 13A +Figs 13A , -15F +15F ). Patella with four carinae evident; prolateral surface, dorsoventral ‘vaulted’ projection (‘anterior process’) distinct with prominent pair of apophyses or tubercles (‘patellar spurs’), each possessing one macroseta; retrodorsal and retroventral carinae smooth, costate ( -Figs 13B +Figs 13B , -15I +15I ). Chela relatively robust; manus globose; chela with six carinae evident; digital carina incomplete, distinct on fixed finger, obsolete on manus; dorsomedian carina reduced to few granules proximally on manus; prodorsal carina distinct, comprising several strong spiniform granules; promedian and proventral carinae obsolete, each comprising few isolated granules; retroventral carina obsolete, smooth, and costate ( -Figs 13C, D +Figs 13C, D , -15H +15H ); dorsal secondary, subdigital, retromedian and ventromedian carinae absent or obsolete. Fixed and moveable fingers median denticle rows each comprising seven oblique, slightly imbricate subrows, separated by large serrate prolateral and retrolateral denticles ( -Figs 13C +Figs 13C , -15E +15E ). Trichobothrial pattern -Type +Type D, β configuration. Pedipalp femur with 10 trichobothria visible, five -d +d , two -i +i , and three -e +e trichobothria, trichobothria -d -1 +d +1 , -d -2 +d +2 , -d -4 +d +4 , and -d -6 +d +6 noticeably smaller than others (‘petite’); trichobothrium -e +e 1 situated proximal to trichobothrium -d +d 3; trichobothrium -e +e +3 vertically aligned with trichobothrium +d +6 +( +Figs 13A +, +16 +). Patella with four trichobothria visible, including three +d +and one +i +trichobothria; trichobothrium +i +1 situated distal to trichobothrium +d +3 ( +Figs 13B +, +16 +). Chela with eight trichobothria visible; fixed finger with two +d +, two +e +and one +i +trichobothria; manus with two +E +and one + +V + +trichobothria; trichobothrium +Et +1 +situated distally on manus, almost aligned with or proximal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium +eb +situated on fixed finger, slightly distal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium +esb +situated medially on fixed finger; trichobothrium + +V + +2 situated distally on manus and near retroventral carina ( +Figs 13C, D +, +16 +). - -3 - -vertically aligned with trichobothrium -d -6 -( -Figs 13A -, -16 -). Patella with four trichobothria visible, including three -d -and one -i -trichobothria; trichobothrium -i -1 situated distal to trichobothrium -d -3 ( -Figs 13B -, -16 -). Chela with eight trichobothria visible; fixed finger with two -d -, two -e -and one -i -trichobothria; manus with two -E -and one - -V - -trichobothria; trichobothrium -Et -1 -situated distally on manus, almost aligned with or proximal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -eb -situated on fixed finger, slightly - - - -20 • -Xuan -et al. - - - -distal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -esb -situated medially on fixed finger; trichobothrium - -V - -2 situated distally on manus and near retroventral carina ( -Figs 13C, D -, -16 -). - - -Legs: + +Legs: Tibia lateral and ventral surfaces each with scattered macrosetae ( -Figs 12K, L +Figs 12K, L , -15G +15G ). Basitarsi each with pair of spinule rows, comprising seven or eight relatively long spinules, distally ( -Figs 12H, L +Figs 12H, L , -15G +15G ). Ungues moderately long, distinctly curved; dactyl pronounced, pointed ( -Figs 12K, L +Figs 12K, L , -15G +15G ). - -Pectines: + +Pectines: Basal piece long, narrow ( -Figs 12B +Figs 12B , -15D +15D ). Three marginal lamellae and four median lamellae; surface sparsely covered in macrosetae; longitudinal suture between marginal and median lamellae distinct. Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth rounded, distal half of each tooth occupied by sensilla field; peg sensilla very long, columnar with distinct pore. - -Genital operculum: + +Genital operculum: Two opercular sclerites narrow and completely separated, as long as pectinal plate ( -Fig. 12B +Fig. 12B ). - - -Mesosoma + + +Mesosoma : Pretergites surfaces almost smooth ( -Fig. 12E +Fig. 12E ); post-tergites I– -VI +VI surfaces finely granular, acarinate ( -Fig. 12E +Fig. 12E ); tergite VII surface sparsely granular with four moderately developed carinae (paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae) in posterior half of segment ( -Fig. 11A +Fig. 11A ). Sternites surfaces smooth, with scattered macrosetae; posterior margins broadly recurved; respiratory spiracles (stigmata) small, ovoid, oblique ( -Figs 12F +Figs 12F , -15C +15C ). - -Metasoma: + +Metasoma: Segments I– -III +III progressively increasing in length, I wider than long, others longer than wide ( -Fig. 12I, J +Fig. 12I, J ). Segments I– -III +III lateral and ventral surfaces each with few, short macrosetae; dorsal surfaces each with distinct depression. Segments I– -III +III each with six distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae); dorsosubmedian carinae distinct, markedly serrate; dorsolateral carinae distinct, moderately serrate; ventrolateral carinae obsolete on segment I, moderately developed on -II +II and -III +III . - -Material examined: - - -MYANMAR + + + +Material examined: + + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State : -Noije Bum +Noije Bum near -Hukawng Valley +Hukawng Valley , precise locality unknown, -Cretaceous +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite: -one juv. +one juv. (sex unknown), mesosomal segments -IV +IV , -V +V - + and telson absent ( -NIGP 200655 +NIGP 200655 ), -one juv. +one juv. (sex unknown), sinistral pedipalp absent ( -NIGP 201160 +NIGP 201160 ) . diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF3FFEDFF2EF99EB1FFFA27.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF3FFEDFF2EF99EB1FFFA27.xml index 4813db88893..07482ff951b 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF3FFEDFF2EF99EB1FFFA27.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF3FFEDFF2EF99EB1FFFA27.xml @@ -1,74 +1,77 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -60 + +1 +60 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - + @@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ Lourenço, 2016 ( -Figs 32–39 +Figs 32–39 ) @@ -128,39 +131,39 @@ The following combination of characters is diagnostic for C. serratus : carapace anteromedian margin aligned with anterolateral margins ( -Figs 33A +Figs 33A , -34A +34A , -37A +37A ); lateral ocelli not protruding, macular ( -Figs 34A, C +Figs 34A, C , -37C +37C ); pedipalp chela slender, ratio of chela length: chela manus width greater than 4 ( -Figs 35A, E +Figs 35A, E , -38 +38 ); pectines each with five teeth ( -Figs 34G +Figs 34G , -37H +37H ); ratio of metasomal segment IV : segment V length less than 2 ( -Figs 33I, J +Figs 33I, J , -37G +37G ); metasomal segment V dorsosubmedian carinae distinctly serrate ( -Fig. 32I, J +Fig. 32I, J ); telson vesicle slightly elongated, not bulbous, aculeus relatively long and moderately curved, base narrow ( -Figs 33I, J +Figs 33I, J , -37I +37I ). @@ -176,44 +179,44 @@ Based on the material examined ( Posterior width less than length (L/ PW = 1.19 or 1.24, Appendix 2). Anteromedian depression narrow, shallow; anterosubmedial depressions absent; lateral ocular carinae distinct; posteromedian and posteromarginal sulci distinct; surfaces almost smooth to sparsely and finely granular ( -Figs 32A +Figs 32A , -33A +33A , -34A +34A , -37A +37A ). Median ocular tubercle situated anteromedially; median ocelli absent; one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present. Coxosternal region: Surface smooth, sparsely covered in macrosetae ( -Figs 33B +Figs 33B , -34D +34D , -37F +37F ). Leg I maxillary lobes (coxapophyses) distal margins not rounded, slightly dilated anteriorly and adorned with serrula comprising 13 or 14 denticles ( -Fig. 39A +Fig. 39A ). Sternum pentagonal; lateral margins sublinear, parallel; ventral surface flat, without distinct concave region or median sulcus; posteromedian depression wide, shallow ( -Figs 32B +Figs 32B , -33B +33B , -34D +34D , -37F +37F ). Chelicerae: Fixed finger and manus, prolateral and ventral surfaces each with numerous long, dense macrosetae ( -Figs 34B +Figs 34B , -37B +37B ). Cheliceral dentition partly visible, moveable finger with long dorsal distal (dd) denticle, long ventral distal (vd) denticle, and three or four small ventral accessory (va) denticles; fixed finger with long distal denticle. Moveable finger with prominent serrula, comprising short spinules in proximal two-thirds. - - - - - -Coxosternal region: + +Coxosternal region: Surface smooth, sparsely covered in macrosetae ( -Fig. 28B +Fig. 28B ). Leg I maxillary lobes (coxapophyses) distal margins slightly curved and dilate anteriorly, adorned with serrula ( -Fig. 39E +Fig. 39E ). Sternum pentagonal; lateral margins sublinear, parallel; posterior margin slightly recurved; ventral surface flat, without distinct concave region or median sulcus; posteromedian depression relatively wide, shallow ( -Fig. 30B +Fig. 30B ). - -Chelicerae: + +Chelicerae: Cheliceral dentition partly visible; moveable finger with long dorsal distal (dd) denticle, small dorsal subdistal denticle, stout dorsal median denticle and long ventral distal (vd) denticle; fixed finger with long distal denticle and small subdistal denticle ( -Fig. 28A +Fig. 28A ). Moveable finger with prominent serrula, comprising moderately long spinules and extending almost entire length of ventral surface ( -Fig. 29B +Fig. 29B ). - -Pedipalps: + +Pedipalps: Segments gracile; surfaces finely granular ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 ). Femur with three carinae evident; prodorsal carina distinct, markedly serrate; retrodorsal carina distinct, slightly serrate; proventral carina smooth, costate ( -Figs 28F +Figs 28F , -31 +31 ). Patella with six carinae evident; prolateral surface, dorsoventral ‘vaulted’ projection (‘anterior process’) distinct with obsolete pair of apophyses or tubercles (‘patellar spurs’), each possessing one macroseta; retrodorsal, retromedian, and retroventral carinae distinct, smooth and costate; prodorsal carina obsolete ( -Figs 29D +Figs 29D , -31 +31 ). Chela relatively robust (CL/ -CW +CW = 3.75, Appendix2); manus globose; chela with five carinae evident; digital carina incomplete, distinct on fixed finger, obsolete on manus; prodorsal carina distinct, markedly serrate; promedian carina distinct, comprising several prominent spiniform granules distally; retroventral carina obsolete, smooth and costate ( -Figs 28C, F +Figs 28C, F , -29E +29E , -31 +31 ); dorsomedian, dorsal secondary, subdigital, proventral, retromedian and ventromedian carinae absent or obsolete. Fixed and moveable fingers median denticle rows visible distally, each comprising oblique, slightly imbricate subrows of -c +c . 13 small denticles, separated by large serrate prolateral and retrolateral denticles ( -Fig. 29F +Fig. 29F ). Trichobothrial pattern -Type +Type D, β configuration ( -Fig. 31 +Fig. 31 ). Pedipalp femur with four trichobothria visible, two -d +d and two -e +e trichobothria. Patella with nine trichobothria visible, including two -d +d , one -i +i , and six -e +e trichobothria; trichobothrium -i +i 1 situated distal to trichobothrium -d 3 +d 3 . Chela with 11 trichobothria visible; fixed finger with one -d +d , two -e +e , and three -i +i trichobothria; manus with four -E +E and one - -V + +V trichobothria; trichobothrium -Et 1 +Et 1 situated distally on manus, almost aligned with or proximal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -eb +eb situated on fixed finger, slightly distal to moveable finger condyle; trichobothrium -esb +esb situated submedially to slightly distally on fixed finger; trichobothrium - -V + +V 2 situated distally on manus and near retroventral carina. - - -Legs: + +Legs: Tibia lateral and ventral surfaces each with scattered macrosetae ( -Fig. 29H–J +Fig. 29H–J ). Basitarsi each with prominent pedal spurs ( -Fig. 29G–J +Fig. 29G–J ) and pair of spinule rows, each comprising -c +c . 10 relatively long spinules, distally ( -Fig. 29G–J +Fig. 29G–J ). Ungues moderately long, distinctly curved; dactyl pronounced, pointed ( -Fig. 29H–J +Fig. 29H–J ). - -Pectines: + +Pectines: Pectines very short, not extending beyond coxa of leg -IV +IV ( -Fig. 29C +Fig. 29C , -30B +30B ). Three marginal lamellae and four median lamellae; surface sparsely covered in macrosetae; longitudinal suture between marginal and median lamellae distinct. Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth elongate, distal three-quarters of each tooth occupied by sensillar field. - -Genital operculum: + +Genital operculum: Two opercular sclerites relatively wide, as long as pectinal plate, and completely separated ( -Figs 28B +Figs 28B , -30 +30 ). - - - -Mesosoma + + +Mesosoma : Pretergites surfaces almost smooth; post-tergites I– -VI +VI surfaces finely granular, acarinate ( -Figs 27A +Figs 27A , -28A +28A ); sinistral dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae of tergite VII visible ( -Fig. 27A +Fig. 27A ). Sternites surfaces smooth, with scattered macrosetae; posterior margin of sternite I broadly recurved ( -Fig. 27B +Fig. 27B ); respiratory spiracles (stigmata) not visible. - -Metasoma: + +Metasoma: Segments I– -IV +IV progressively increasing in length, I wider than long, others longer than wide ( -Figs 27A, B +Figs 27A, B , -28D, E +28D, E ). Segments I– -IV +IV lateral and ventral surfaces each with few, short macrosetae;dorsalsurfaceseachwithdistinctdepression.Segments I and -II +II each with six distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral carinae), -III +III and -IV -each with eight - - -Extinct chaerilobuthid scorpions from Burmite -• 39 -distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventrosubmedian carinae); dorsosubmedian carinae distinct, crenulate, and converging posteriorly on segments I– -IV +IV +each with eight distinct carinae (paired dorsosubmedian, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and ventrosubmedian carinae); dorsosubmedian carinae distinct, crenulate, and converging posteriorly on segments I– +IV ; dorsolateral carinae distinct, slightly serrate on segments I– -III +III , moderately serrate on -IV +IV ; ventrolateral carinae distinct, slightly serrate on segments I– -IV +IV ; ventrosubmedian carinae absent on segments I and -II +II , obsolete on -III +III and -IV +IV . - - -Remarks: + + +Remarks: The specimen examined possesses a relatively small pair of pectines, unlike the larger pectines of the -holotype +holotype specimen, suggesting that it may be female. - -Material examined: - - -MYANMAR + + + +Material examined: + + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State : -Noije Bum +Noije Bum near -Hukawng Valley +Hukawng Valley , precise locality unknown, -Cretaceous +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite: -one juv. +one juv. [ -♀ +♀ ?], metasomal segment -IV +IV - + and telson absent ( -NIGP 200657 +NIGP 200657 ) .
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CarapaceL1.170.810.910.931.540.872.3
CarapaceL1.170.810.910.931.540.872.3
Anterior W0.770.420.570.570.591.4
Anterior W0.770.420.570.570.591.4
Posterior W0.970.540.8510.672.3
Posterior W0.970.540.8510.672.3
PedipalpFemur L/W-/-1.10/0.371.501.070.80/0.331.27/0.341.302.40/0.80
PedipalpFemur L/W-/-1.10/0.371.501.070.80/0.331.27/0.341.302.40/0.80
Patella L/W-/-1.14/0.400.57/0.320.84/0.310.83/0.331.34/0.340.64/0.242.25/1.00
Patella L/W-/-1.14/0.400.57/0.320.84/0.310.83/0.331.34/0.340.64/0.242.25/1.00
Chela L/W-/-1.80/0.470.75/0.240.94/0.321.43/0.371.87/0.400.65/0.214.50/1.40
Chela L/W-/-1.80/0.470.75/0.240.94/0.321.43/0.371.87/0.400.65/0.214.50/1.40
Moveable finger L0.91.08/0.171.51/0.410.771.20/0.172.5
Moveable finger L0.91.08/0.171.51/0.410.771.20/0.172.5
-Mesosoma +
+Mesosoma Total L1.870.670.811.832.80.645.7Total L1.870.670.811.832.80.645.7
PectinesTooth count-/-7/65/510/116/6-/-5/511/10
PectinesTooth count-/-7/65/510/116/6-/-5/511/10
MetasomaSegment I L/W/H-/-/-0.37/0.70/-0.21/-/0.210.31/0.47/-0.30/0.40/-0.47/0.60/-0.24/0.27/-1.05/1.30/1.09
MetasomaSegment I L/W/H-/-/-0.37/0.70/-0.21/-/0.210.31/0.47/-0.30/0.40/-0.47/0.60/-0.24/0.27/-1.05/1.30/1.09
Segment II L/W/H1.10/-/0.600.40/-/0.600.23/-/0.210.36/0.44/-0.30/0.30/-0.54/0.54/-0.27/0.26/-1.20/1.20/1.09
Segment II L/W/H1.10/-/0.600.40/-/0.600.23/-/0.210.36/0.44/-0.30/0.30/-0.54/0.54/-0.27/0.26/-1.20/1.20/1.09
Segment III L/W/H1.10/-/0.600.47/-/0.570.27/-/0.190.43/0.44/-0.33/0.30/-0.67/-/0.470.29/0.28/-1.30/1.20/1.04
Segment III L/W/H1.10/-/0.600.47/-/0.570.27/-/0.190.43/0.44/-0.33/0.30/-0.67/-/0.470.29/0.28/-1.30/1.20/1.04
Segment IV L/W/H1.20/-/0.700.57/-/0.530.37/-/0.180.57/-/0.370.53/-/0.300.94/-/0.540.37/0.27/-1.70/1.10/1.00
Segment IV L/W/H1.20/-/0.700.57/-/0.530.37/-/0.180.57/-/0.370.53/-/0.300.94/-/0.540.37/0.27/-1.70/1.10/1.00
Segment V L/W/H1.80/-/0.701.37/-/0.470.74/-/0.171.07/-/0.370.93/-/0.301.60/-/0.670.67/0.32/-3.00/1.10/0.95
Segment V L/W/H1.80/-/0.701.37/-/0.470.74/-/0.171.07/-/0.370.93/-/0.301.60/-/0.670.67/0.32/-3.00/1.10/0.95
Total L-3.181.822.742.394.221.848.25
Total L-3.181.822.742.394.221.848.25
TelsonVesicle L0.82.1
TelsonVesicle L0.82.1
Vesicle W0.281.2
Vesicle W0.281.2
Vesicle H0.80.540.170.370.370.41.1
Vesicle H0.80.540.170.370.370.41.1
Total L1.51.30.771.141.071.740.783.15
Total L1.51.30.771.141.071.740.783.15
- -10 • -Xuan -et al. - -
 - -Figure 1. + + +Figure 1. Phylogeny of - + Pseudochactidae -Gromov, 1998 +Gromov, 1998 , including -Chaerilobuthinae -Lourenço, 2011 +Chaerilobuthinae +Lourenço, 2011 , -stat. nov. +stat. nov. , based on Bayesian inference (A) and maximum likelihood (B). Bootstrap support values at nodes. - -Figure 2. + + +Figure 2. Phylogeny of -Chaerilobuthinae -Lourenço, 2011 +Chaerilobuthinae +Lourenço, 2011 , -stat. nov. +stat. nov. , inferred with parsimony. Numbers following taxon names refer to specimens in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing. Taxon names followed by ‘HT’ (holotype) were scored from the original descriptions. Jackknife support values at nodes. - -Figure 3. + + +Figure 3. Morphospace analysis of family - + Pseudochactidae -Gromov, 1998 +Gromov, 1998 , including -Chaerilobuthinae -Lourenço, 2011 +Chaerilobuthinae +Lourenço, 2011 , -stat. nov. -A, +stat. nov. +A, PCA1 × PCA2. B, PCA1 × PCA3. -PCA1 × PCA2. B, PCA1 × PCA3. - -Figure 4. - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + +Figure 4. + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201161), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 1 mm. + Table 1. Distribution of morphological characters (1–143) used for phylogenetic analysis of @@ -1050,27 +1053,27 @@ Additionally, two new characters, considered diagnostic for ( Tang, 2022: 7 , 11, figs 10 43–46): leg I maxillary lobes (coxapophyses) anterior margins with serrula ( -Fig. 38 +Fig. 38 ); leg basitarsi with pair of spinule rows distally ( -Figs 6I–L +Figs 6I–L , -9F–I +9F–I , -12H, L +12H, L , -15G +15G , -18C +18C , -20J, K +20J, K , -23K +23K , -29G–J +29G–J , -33G, H +33G, H , -34I–L +34I–L ). diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD9FFD2FCB1F91CB721F833.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD9FFD2FCB1F91CB721F833.xml index 898de84192e..9b0286e8fab 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD9FFD2FCB1F91CB721F833.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFD9FFD2FCB1F91CB721F833.xml @@ -1,500 +1,497 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 + + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço and Beigel, 2011 - - - + + + ( -Figs 11–16 +Figs 11–16 , -39 +39 ) - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço and Beigel, 2011: 635–639 + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço and Beigel, 2011: 635–639 , +figs 1–11. -figs 1–11. - - -Type material: - -Holotype + + +Type material: + +Holotype : -1 juv. +1 juv. (sex unknown) (Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany), -Cretaceous -(Cenomanian) burmite: - -MYANMAR +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite +: + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State -(precise locality unknown). - -Diagnosis -: - -The -following combination of characters is diagnostic for - -Chaerilobuthus complexus - -: carapace anteromedian margin aligned with anterolateral margins ( -Figs 11A -, -14A -); carapace anterior margin slightly depressed submedially ( -Figs 12A -, -15A -); lateral ocelli protruding ( -Figs 12A -, -15A -); sternum relatively narrow ( -Figs 17B -, -20B -); pedipalp chela +(precise locality unknown) +. - - -Figure 5. - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + + +Figure 5. + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201161), morphology under epifluorescence. A, B, mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal and ventral aspects. C, D, metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal and ventral aspect. E, F, metasomal segment V and telson, dorsal and ventral aspects. Scale bars: 400 μm. - -Figure 6. - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + +Figure 6. + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201161), morphology under confocal microscopy. A, carapace. B, C, chelicera, dorsal and ventral aspects. D, sinistral pecten, ventral aspect. E, tergites. F, sternites. G, telson. H, metasomal segments, dorsal aspect. I–L, legs I–IV tarsi, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 200 μm (A, E–H); 50 μm (B, C, I–L); 100 μm (D). - -Figure 7. - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + + +Figure 7. + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201161), pedipalp trichobothrial pattern under epifluorescence (A, B) and confocal microscopy (C, D). Scale bars: 200 μm. - -Figure 8. - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + +Figure 8. + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201162), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm. - -Figure 9. - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + +Figure 9. + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201162), morphology under confocal microscopy. A, carapace. B, sinistral pedipalp, ventral aspect. C, sinistral pedipalp, dorsal aspect. D, tergites. E, sternites VI and VII. F, G, leg III tarsus, dorsal and ventral aspects. -H, I, leg IV tarsus, dorsal and ventral aspects. J, pectinal tooth, ventral aspect. K, L, metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal and ventral aspects. M, N, metasomal segment V and telson, dorsal and ventral aspects. Scale bars: 200 μm (A–D, K–N); 100 μm (E–I); 50 μm (J). +H, I, leg IV tarsus, dorsal and ventral aspects. J, pectinal tooth, ventral aspect. K, L, metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal and ventral aspects. M, N, metasomal segment V and telson, dorsal and ventral aspects. Scale bars: 200 μm (A–D, K–N); 100 μm (E–I); 50 μm (J). - -Figure 10. - -Chaerilobuthus bruckschi + + +Figure 10. + +Chaerilobuthus bruckschi Lourenço, 2015 , one juv. (NIGP 201162), micro-CT reconstruction of pedipalp trichobothrial pattern, dorsal, lateral and ventral aspects. A–D, chela. E, F, femur. G–J, patella. Scale bars: 500 μm. - -Figure 11. - -Chaerilobuthus complexus -Lourenço, 2011 + + +Figure 11. + +Chaerilobuthus complexus +Lourenço, 2011 , one juv. (NIGP 200655), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 500 μm. + Figure 31. @@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ Fixed finger and manus, prolateral and ventral surfaces each with numerous long, , one juv. (NIGP 200657), micro-CT reconstruction of pedipalp trichobothrial pattern, dorsal, lateral and ventral aspects. A–D, chela. E, F, femur. G–J, patella. Scale bars: 600 μm. + Figure 32. @@ -236,33 +239,33 @@ Lourenço, 2016 Pedipalps: Segments gracile; surfaces sparsely covered by short microsetae and few macrosetae ( -Figs 35A, E +Figs 35A, E , -38B, E +38B, E ). Femur with four carinae evident; prodorsal and proventral carinae obsolete, crenulate; retrodorsal and retroventral carinae smooth, costate; ventral surface sparsely and finely granular ( -Figs 35C, G, I, J +Figs 35C, G, I, J , -38A, F, I +38A, F, I ). Patella with five carinae evident; prodorsal carina obsolete, comprising several tubercles; prolateral surface, dorsoventral ‘vaulted’ projection (‘anterior process’) moderately developed with prominent pair of apophyses or tubercles (‘patellar spurs’), each possessing one macroseta; retrodorsal and retroventral carinae smooth, costate ( -Figs 35A, D, E, H +Figs 35A, D, E, H , -38C, G, J +38C, G, J ). Chela relatively slender (CL/ CW = 4.94–5, Appendix 2); manus globose; chela with six carinae evident; digital carina complete, distinct, granular medially, becoming costate proximally and distally; dorsomedian carina reduced to few granules at base of fixed finger, becoming obsolete proximally on manus; prodorsal, promedian, and proventral carinae obsolete, each comprising few isolated granules; retroventral carina distinct, disjunct proximally; dorsal secondary, subdigital, retromedian, and ventromedian carinae absent or obsolete ( -Figs 35A, B, E, F +Figs 35A, B, E, F , -38D, H, K +38D, H, K ). Chela finger dentition partly visible, fixed and moveable fingers median denticle rows each comprising oblique, slightly imbricate subrows of c . 12 denticles (first subrow with five denticles), separated by large, serrate prolateral and retrolateral denticles ( -Fig. 33C +Fig. 33C ). Trichobothrial pattern Type D, β configuration ( -Figs 35 +Figs 35 , -38 +38 ). Femur with 10 trichobothria, four d , three @@ -288,7 +291,7 @@ situated proximal to trichobothrium d 6 ( -Fig. 35A, C, E, G, I, J +Fig. 35A, C, E, G, I, J ). Patella with 10 trichobothria, including three d , one @@ -300,7 +303,7 @@ trichobothria; trichobothrium 1 situated distal to trichobothrium d 3 ( -Fig. 35A, D, E, H +Fig. 35A, D, E, H ). Chela with 12 trichobothria; fixed finger with three i , two @@ -324,26 +327,26 @@ situated medially on fixed finger; trichobothrium V 2 situated distally on manus near retroventral carina; macroseta situated medially on manus and near retroventral carina ( -Fig. 35A, B, E, F +Fig. 35A, B, E, F ). Legs: Tibia lateral and ventral surfaces each with scattered macrosetae ( -Figs 33D, G, H, K +Figs 33D, G, H, K , -37D +37D ). Basitarsi each with pair of spinule rows, comprising 10–13 relatively short spinules, distally ( -Fig. 34I–L +Fig. 34I–L ). Telotarsi each with slightly irregular pair of ventrosubmedian spinule rows, comprising relatively long spinules ( -Fig. 33K, L +Fig. 33K, L ). Ungues moderately long, distinctly curved; dactyl pronounced, pointed ( -Figs 34I–L +Figs 34I–L , -37D +37D ). - + Figure 33. @@ -356,24 +359,24 @@ Lourenço, 2016 Pectines: Basal piece long, narrow with shallow median sulcus ( -Figs 33B +Figs 33B , -34D +34D , -37H +37H ). Three marginal lamellae and four median lamellae; surface sparsely covered in macrosetae; longitudinal suture between marginal and median lamellae distinct ( -Figs 33B +Figs 33B , -34G +34G , -37H +37H ). Fulcra absent or obsolete. Teeth rounded, distal three-quarters of each tooth occupied by sensillar field; peg sensilla relatively long, columnar ( -Fig. 34G +Fig. 34G , -37H +37H ). - + Figure 34. @@ -386,11 +389,11 @@ Lourenço, 2016 Genital operculum: Two opercular sclerites narrow and completely separated, as long as pectinal plate ( -Figs 33B +Figs 33B , -34D +34D , -37F +37F ). @@ -399,26 +402,26 @@ Two opercular sclerites narrow and completely separated, as long as pectinal pla : Pretergites surfaces almost smooth ( -Figs 33A, E +Figs 33A, E , -37E +37E ); post-tergites I– VI surfaces finely granular, acarinate ( -Fig. 34E +Fig. 34E , -37E +37E ); tergite VII surface sparsely granular with four serrate carinae (paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae) in posterior half of segment ( -Fig. 34H +Fig. 34H ). Sternites surfaces smooth, with scattered macrosetae; posterior margins broadly recurved ( -Figs 33F +Figs 33F , -34F +34F ); respiratory spiracles (stigmata) small, ovoid to round ( -Fig. 34F +Fig. 34F ). - + Figure 35. @@ -428,7 +431,7 @@ Lourenço, 2016 , one juv. (NIGP 200656), pedipalp trichobothrial pattern under confocal microscopy (B–D, F–H, J) and epifluorescence (A, E, I). A–D, sinistral pedipalp, dorsal aspect. E–H, sinistral pedipalp, ventral aspect. I, J, dextral femur, dorsal aspect. Scale bars: 400 μm (A, E); 200 μm (B–D, F–J). + Figure 36. @@ -443,11 +446,11 @@ Lourenço, 2016 Segments I– V progressively increasing in length, I wider than long, others longer than wide ( -Figs 33I, J +Figs 33I, J , -34H +34H , -37G +37G ). Segments I– V lateral and ventral surfaces each with few, short macrosetae; I– @@ -481,9 +484,9 @@ and Telson: Vesicle elongate; dorsal surface relatively smooth; lateral and ventral surfaces finely and densely granular; ( -Figs 33I, J +Figs 33I, J , -37I +37I ); ventral surface with several macrosetae; subaculear tubercle absent; prominent subaculear setal pair. Aculeus moderately long, shallowly curved; base moderately wide, less than half vesicle width. diff --git a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF4FFE7FC52FC7DB38FF983.xml b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF4FFE7FC52FC7DB38FF983.xml index f99a61de654..482e6302c76 100644 --- a/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF4FFE7FC52FC7DB38FF983.xml +++ b/data/70/01/87/700187A3FFF4FFE7FC52FC7DB38FF983.xml @@ -1,424 +1,434 @@ - - - -Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) + + + +Extinct scorpion family Chaerilobuthidae from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber reinterpreted as subfamily of extant family Pseudochactidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones) - - -Author + + +Author -Xuan, Qiang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China -qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn +Xuan, Qiang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China +qxuan@nigpas.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Prendini, Lorenzo -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States +Prendini, Lorenzo +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Engel, Michael S. -Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú +Engel, Michael S. +Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 - 5192, United States & Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Perú & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Perú - - -Author + + +Author -Cai, Chenyang -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom +Cai, Chenyang +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom - - -Author + + +Author -Huang, Diying -State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China +Huang, Diying +State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-11 + +2025 + +2025-01-11 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 + +1 +60 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 -0024-4082 +journal article +308035 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae169 +9529141c-7f53-4d27-9c46-5ca9714118cc +0024-4082 +14831464 - - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018 + + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018 - - - + + + ( -Figs 27–31 +Figs 27–31 , -39 +39 ) - - - - - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018: 2 + + + + + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018: 2 , 3, figs 1–12. - - -Type material: - -Holotype + + +Type material: + +Holotype : -one juv. +one juv. (sex unknown) (personal collection of KlausPeter Brucksch, Kuranda, Australia), -Cretaceous +Cretaceous (Cenomanian) burmite: - -MYANMAR + +MYANMAR : - -Kachin State + +Kachin State (precise locality unknown). - -Diagnosis: + + + +Diagnosis: The following combination of characters is diagnostic for - -C. knodelorum + +C. knodelorum : carapace anterior margin sublinear ( -Figs 28A +Figs 28A , -29A +29A ); lateral ocelli not protruding, macular ( -Fig. 29A +Fig. 29A ); cheliceral finger ventral surface with serrula extending almost entire length ( -Fig. 29B +Fig. 29B ); pedipalp chela relatively wide, ratio of chela length: width less than 4 ( -Figs 28C, F +Figs 28C, F , -29E +29E ); leg telotarsi ventrosubmedian rows with very long spinules ( -Fig. 29G, H, J +Fig. 29G, H, J ); pectinal lamellae relatively wide, pectines each with five, relatively large teeth ( -Fig. 29C +Fig. 29C ); mesosoma long, ratio of mesosoma: carapace length greater than 2.5. - -Description: + + + +Description: Based on the material examined ( -NIGP +NIGP 200657). - -Carapace: + +Carapace: Anterior margin with few, short microsetae; anteromedian depression narrow, shallow; anterosubmedial depressions absent ( -Fig. 28A +Fig. 28A ); lateral ocular carinae absent; posteromedian and posteromarginal sulci distinct ( -Fig. 30A +Fig. 30A ); posterior margin slightly recurved medially ( -Figs 28A +Figs 28A , -29A +29A ); surfaces almost smooth to sparsely and finely granular ( -Figs. 28A +Figs. 28A ). Median ocular tubercle situated anteromedially; median ocelli absent; one pair of large posterolateral major lateral ocelli present. - - -Figure 26. - -Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri -Lourenço, 2019 + + +Figure 26. + +Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri +Lourenço, 2019 , one subad. (NIGP 201164), micro-CT reconstruction. A, B, E, carapace, dorsal, ventral, and frontal aspects. C, D, F, pedipalp trichobothrial pattern, chela, femur, and patella, dorsal, ventral, and lateral aspects. Scale bars: -1 mm (A, C, E, F); 500 μm (D). +1 mm (A, C, E, F); 500 μm (D). - -Figure 27. - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018 + + +Figure 27. + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018 , one juv. (NIGP 200657), habitus under incident light. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm. - -Figure 28. - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018 + + +Figure 28. + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018 , one juv. (NIGP 200657), morphology under epifluorescence. A, carapace and tergites I–III. B, coxosternal region and pectines, ventral aspect. C, F, dextral pedipalp, ventral and dorsal aspects. D, E, metasomal segments I–IV, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 500 μm. - -Figure 29. - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018 + + +Figure 29. + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018 , one juv. (NIGP 200657), morphology under confocal microscopy. A, lateral ocelli. B, chelicera, ventral aspect. C, dextral pecten, ventral aspect. D, dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. E, dextral pedipalp chela manus, ventral aspect. F, dextral chela fingers, lateral aspect. G, leg I, basitarsus, distal end, lateral aspect. H–J, legs I–III tarsi, lateral, dorsal, and ventral aspects. Scale bars: 200 μm (A, D, E); 100 μm (B, C, F, H–I); 50 μm (G). - -Figure 30. - -Chaerilobuthus knodelorum -Lourenço, 2018 + + + +Figure 30. + +Chaerilobuthus knodelorum +Lourenço, 2018 , one juv. (NIGP 200657), micro-CT reconstruction. A, dorsal aspect. B, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 1 mm.