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<mods:namePart id="DB90987FBA17EA2D9FEF8AD565CF49B5">Zhao, Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C72AAC2997891E49F9AC0BD537EF767C">2025</mods:date>
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The new lineage in the order
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFD97FDD3FD1EFD12" box="[547,660,637,663]" class="Oligohymenophorea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peniculida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Peniculida</taxonomicName>
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In previous studies, all the peniculid sequences were divided into seven major lineages in phylogeny analyses, corresponding to the four monophyletic families:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFE70FD4CFDECFD7F" box="[452,614,738,762]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Lembadionidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peniculida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Lembadionidae</taxonomicName>
|
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,
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFDDAFD4CFC8FFD7F" box="[622,773,738,762]" class="Nassophorea" family="Paranassulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Paranassulidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF34FCAFFF7CFC9C" box="[128,246,769,793]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Stokesiidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peniculida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Stokesiidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFE86FCAFFE36FC9C" box="[306,444,769,793]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Parameciidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peniculida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Parameciidae</taxonomicName>
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, and the three distantly related
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF35FC8FFEC7FCBC" authority="clades" authorityName="Clades" box="[129,333,801,825]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Frontoniidae clades</taxonomicName>
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(Clade
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, II, and
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in the present study) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFF3FFCEEFEB9FCDD" author="Zhao Y & Yi Z & Gentekaki E" box="[139,307,832,856]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="8 - 29" part="1" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.017" refId="ref11797" refString="Zhao Y, Yi Z, Gentekaki E et al. Utility of combining morphological characters, nuclearandmitochondrialgenes: anattempttoresolvetheconflictsofspecies identification for ciliated protists. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2016; 94: 7 1 8 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 20 1 5. 1 0. 0 1 7" title="Utility of combining morphological characters, nuclearandmitochondrialgenes: anattempttoresolvetheconflictsofspecies identification for ciliated protists" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Zhao
|
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<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF7CFCEFFF73FCDD" box="[200,249,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFE8BFCEEFE44FCDD" author="Xu Y & Gao F & Fan X" box="[319,462,832,856]" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 3" part="1" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3371-4" refId="ref11673" refString="Xu Y, Gao F, Fan X. Reconsideration of the systematics of Peniculida (Protista, Ciliophora) based on SSU rRNA gene sequences and new morphological features of Marituja and Disematostoma. Hydrobiologia 2018; 806: 3 1 3 - 3 1. https: // doi. org / 1 0. 1 007 / s 1 0750 - 0 1 7 - 337 1 - 4" title="Reconsideration of the systematics of Peniculida (Protista, Ciliophora) based on SSU rRNA gene sequences and new morphological features of Marituja and Disematostoma" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Xu
|
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<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFED0FCEFFE1EFCDD" box="[356,404,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFE6EFCEEFDDBFCDD" author="Fokin SI" box="[474,593,832,856]" journalOrPublisher="Protistology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" part="13" refId="ref9579" refString="Fokin SI. On the importance of attentive reading of research articles: the case study of Frontonia (Peniculia, Oligohymenophora, Ciliophora) species descriptions and redescriptions. Protistology 2019; 13: 36 - 4 1." title="On the importance of attentive reading of research articles: the case study of Frontonia (Peniculia, Oligohymenophora, Ciliophora) species descriptions and redescriptions" type="journal volume" year="2019">Fokin 2019</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFDE9FCEEFC8EFCDD" author="Serra V & D'Alessandro A & Nitla V" box="[605,772,832,856]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" part="6" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-021-00067-9" refId="ref11140" refString="Serra V, D'Alessandro A, Nitla V et al. The neotypification of Frontonia vernalis (Ehrenberg, 1 833) Ehrenberg, 1838 and the description of Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov. trigger a critical revision of frontoniid systematics. BMC Zoology 2021; 6: 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40850 - 02 1 - 00067 - 9" title="The neotypification of Frontonia vernalis (Ehrenberg, 1 833) Ehrenberg, 1838 and the description of Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov. trigger a critical revision of frontoniid systematics" type="journal volume" year="2021">
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Serra
|
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<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFD2DFCEFFD40FCDD" box="[665,714,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFF35FCF1FE96FCF2" author="Sun M & Li Y & Cai X" box="[129,284,863,887]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" part="154" refId="ref11635" refString="Sun M, Li Y, Cai X et al. Further insights into the phylogeny of peniculid ciliates (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on multigene data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2021; 154: 1 07003. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020. 1 07003" title="Further insights into the phylogeny of peniculid ciliates (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on multigene data" type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
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Sun
|
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<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF04FCCEFF6BFCF2" box="[176,225,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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). The present study increases the species’ sampling in phylogenetic analyses and confirms all the previous reported lineages, However, a new clade (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFD8FFC30FD4EFC33" box="[571,708,926,950]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Frontoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
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Clade IV), comprising the soil species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFE57FC10FDDBFC50" box="[483,593,957,981]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
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<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFE57FC10FDDBFC50" box="[483,593,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. depressa</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is discovered in the phylogenetic analyses using three nuclear sequences (
|
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rDNA,
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||||
rDNA, and ITS1-
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE545043F914FF8EFE62FC52FD88FB91" box="[470,514,1020,1044]" degrees="5. 8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="5555" value="-5.8">5.8S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
rDNA-ITS2) separately and the concatenated sequences as well as using the
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFD17FBB2FD45FBB6" box="[675,719,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE41F914FF8EFD17FBB2FD45FBB6" box="[675,719,1052,1075]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
gene. Although the new clade branches early among all the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFD17FB95FC88FBD7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" box="[675,770,1083,1106]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFD17FB95FC88FBD7" box="[675,770,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
- like peniculids, its phylogenetic position is not fully resolved. The AU-test rejects the hypotheses of its close relationship with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF35FB37FE2EFB35" authority="clades I and III" authorityName="Clades I and III" box="[129,420,1177,1201]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Frontoniidae clades I and III</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and four clades clustering together using
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE41F914FF8EFF74FB16FF67FB55" box="[192,237,1208,1232]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fye2-vfes" name="Saratov State University" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SSU</collectionCode>
|
||||
rDNA and concatenated sequences datasets; while the hypotheses that it clusters with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFE51FB79FDE0FB6A" box="[485,618,1239,1263]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Frontoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade II, it clusters with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF69FB59FEFEFA8A" box="[221,372,1271,1295]" class="Nassophorea" family="Paranassulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Paranassulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and it clusters as an inner or outer taxon of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF16FAB8FEB2FAAB" box="[162,312,1302,1326]" class="Nassophorea" family="Paranassulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Paranassulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are not rejected (Supporting Information, Table
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE41F914FF8EFF71FA9BFF58FAC8" box="[197,210,1333,1357]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||||
1; Fig.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE41F914FF8EFE97FA9BFEBAFAC8" box="[291,304,1333,1357]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||||
1). Meanwhile, the sole species of the new clade,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF75FAFBFEA0FAE8" box="[193,298,1365,1389]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF75FAFBFEA0FAE8" box="[193,298,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. depressa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, has been revealed to have a frontal kinety that is formed by the interruption of the rightmost ophryokinety. This feature makes it different from all the other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFDCFFA3AFF22FA4E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFDCFFA3AFD50FA2E" box="[635,730,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFF0EFA1DFEC6FA4E" author="Foissner W" box="[186,332,1459,1483]" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="253 - 4" part="195" refId="ref9366" refString="Foissner W. Neue terrestrische und limnische Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) aus Osterreich und Deutschland. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1987; 195: 253 - 4." title="Neue terrestrische und limnische Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) aus Osterreich und Deutschland" type="journal article" year="1987">Foissner 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFEEEFA1DFE47FA4F" author="Stout JD" box="[346,461,1458,1483]" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Protozoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 2" part="3" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1956.tb02428.x" refId="ref11363" refString="Stout JD. Excystment of Frontonia depressa (Stokes) Penard. The Journal of Protozoology 1956; 3: 3 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1 550 - 7408. 1956. tb 02428. x" title="Excystment of Frontonia depressa (Stokes) Penard" type="journal article" year="1956">Stout 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Supporting Information,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="135B2A01F914FF8EFD57FA1DFF11FA6F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[114,1455,146,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-9@9.[112,1459,144,1639]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. A‒I, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photomicrographs illustrating the nematodesmata in different regions of Frontonia depressa (A, C, E, H) and Frontonia paramagna (B, D, F, G, I) cells. A‒D, longitudinal sections of cytopharyngeal rods at ophryokineties (A, B) and peniculus 3 (C, D), revealing the similar components of cytopharyngeal rods, including fibres (arrow), nematodesmal plates (arrowhead) and nematodesmata microtubules (double-arrowhead). The nematodesmata form stronger rods in F.paramagna (B, D) compared to F. depressa (A, C). The presence of membrane-limited disks associated with nematodesmata is indicated by ‘d’ (dashed ellipse). E, F, transverse section of the nematodesmata at the postoral kineties, highlighting the higher abundance of microtubules within each nematodesma in F.paramagna (E) compared to F. depressa (F). G, diagonal section of nematodesmata the rightmost ophryokinety, showing their components are the same as those at oral apparatus. H, I, transverse section of the nematodesmata at the posterior end of the somatic kineties meeting in the suture. Frontonia depressa (H) displays narrower nematodesmal plates (arrowhead) compared to F.paramagna (I). d, disks; Pos, the postoral suture. Scale bars: A‒F, I, 1 μm; E‒H, 0.5 μm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. S6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Considering that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFEC4FA7DFE45FA6F" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" box="[368,463,1491,1514]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFEC4FA7DFE45FA6F" box="[368,463,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a genus in urgent need of revision (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFF51FA5FFE1AF98C" author="Serra V & D'Alessandro A & Nitla V" box="[229,400,1521,1545]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" part="6" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-021-00067-9" refId="ref11140" refString="Serra V, D'Alessandro A, Nitla V et al. The neotypification of Frontonia vernalis (Ehrenberg, 1 833) Ehrenberg, 1838 and the description of Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov. trigger a critical revision of frontoniid systematics. BMC Zoology 2021; 6: 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40850 - 02 1 - 00067 - 9" title="The neotypification of Frontonia vernalis (Ehrenberg, 1 833) Ehrenberg, 1838 and the description of Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov. trigger a critical revision of frontoniid systematics" type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
||||
Serra
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFE97FA5CFEC4F98C" box="[291,334,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFDA2FA5FFD2EF98C" box="[534,676,1521,1545]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Protofontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFDA2FA5FFD2EF98C" box="[534,676,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Protofrontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757EDF914FF8EFD18FA5CFC80F98C" box="[684,778,1522,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">nov. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF19F9BFFE9FF9AC" box="[173,277,1553,1577]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa" status="nov. comb.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF19F9BFFE9FF9AC" box="[173,277,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. depressa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757EDF914FF8EFEA8F9BFFE00F9AD" box="[284,394,1553,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">nov. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
are proposed to split
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFDDDF9BFFD58F9AC" box="[617,722,1553,1577]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFDDDF9BFFD58F9AC" box="[617,722,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. depressa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF43F99FFEDCF9CD" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" box="[247,342,1585,1608]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF43F99FFEDCF9CD" box="[247,342,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Considering the uncertain position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFF35F9E1FE85F9E2" box="[129,271,1615,1639]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Protofontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF35F9E1FE85F9E2" box="[129,271,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Protofrontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and its
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFED3F9FEFE4CF9E2" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" box="[359,454,1616,1639]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFED3F9FEFE4CF9E2" box="[359,454,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-like morphology in general, it is placed in the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFEDEF9C1FE65F902" box="[362,495,1647,1671]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Frontoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as an incertae sedis for the time being. The taxonomic summary for the new genus is given as follows.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37A650FF914FF8EFF35F949FE3FF8FE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDF3684F914FF8EFF35F949FE3FF8FE" blockId="8.[129,778,1767,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF35F949FF6DF97B" box="[129,231,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||||
Small peniculid with a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFE54F949FDB5F97B" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" box="[480,575,1767,1790]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFE54F949FDB5F97B" box="[480,575,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-like ciliary pattern, relatively few somatic kineties and nematodesmata associated somatic kinetids, and an incomplete ophryokinety. Single contractile vacuole. Cyst wall smooth without a papula and emergence pore. Terrestrial habitat.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37A650FF914FF8EFF35F833FE46F851" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDF3684F914FF8EFF35F833FE46F851" blockId="8.[129,778,1767,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFF35F833FF7AF830" box="[129,240,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||||
A composite of the Greek prefix ‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFDE1F830FD02F830" box="[597,648,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">proto</emphasis>
|
||||
’ (primitive) and the generic name ‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFED1F813FE4EF851" box="[357,452,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||||
’.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37A650FF914FF8EFC8DFF3FFA17FF22" box="[825,1437,144,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDF3684F914FF8EFC8DFF3FFA17FF22" blockId="8.[825,1437,144,168]" box="[825,1437,144,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFC8DFF3FFB15FF2D" box="[825,1183,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54DB8826F914FF8EFC8DFF3FFCE3FF2D" box="[825,873,145,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFC0EFF3EFB15FF2D" box="[954,1183,144,168]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Protofontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">Protofrontonia depressa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B75F914FF8EFB1BFF3EFA93FF2D" author="Kahl A" box="[1199,1305,144,168]" journalOrPublisher="Holotricha Tierwelt Dtl." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 398" part="8" refId="ref9991" refString="Kahl A. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). Holotricha Tierwelt Dtl. 1931; 21: 1 8 1 - 398." title="Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria)" type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) nov. comb..
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37A650FF914FF8EFC8DFF67FA36FEDC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDF3684F914FF8EFC8DFF67FABBFE85" blockId="8.[825,1474,201,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFC8DFF67FB3FFF64" box="[825,1205,201,225]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
ZooBank registration of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFBABFF67FB25FF64" box="[1055,1199,201,225]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Protofontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Protofrontonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E1
|
||||
<uuid id="FFC60C51F914FF8EFCE2FF46FAA7FE85" box="[854,1325,232,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AB4395-DA3D-405F-8AC0-5CF62F5BA273</uuid>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDF3684F914FF8EFC8DFE8CFA36FEDC" blockId="8.[825,1474,290,346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B914EA96F914FF8EFC8DFE8CFACBFEBF" box="[825,1345,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
ZooBank registration of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D07F914FF8EFBFAFE8CFAB6FEBF" box="[1102,1340,290,314]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Protofontonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">Protofrontonia depressa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
urn:lsid: zoobank.org:act:42C83E00-84D6-44D3-AF70-E1C1 422AA6FE.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue