diff --git a/data/03/8D/87/038D87D4AD25FFD6E76AFAF6FC02A267.xml b/data/03/8D/87/038D87D4AD25FFD6E76AFAF6FC02A267.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cbe6fbbedb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8D/87/038D87D4AD25FFD6E76AFAF6FC02A267.xml @@ -0,0 +1,566 @@ + + + +Kapuasia falaris, a new species of nemacheilid loach from Borneo (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) + + + +Author + +Kottelat, Maurice + + + +Author + +, Tan Heok Hui + + + +Author + +Hasan, + + + +Author + +Veryl + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-12-02 + + +72 + + +479 +487 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0035 +2345-7600 +14682894 +227BB34E-7FF6-492E-A3E3-F82B74C714B6 + + + + + + + +Kapuasia falaris + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1–3 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +MZB 17245 +, male, +51.9 mm +SL; +Indonesia +: +Borneo +: +Kalimantan Selatan +: +Barito +basin, kabupaten +Tapin +, kecamatan +Piani +: desa +Pipitak Jaya +[about +2°57′13″S +115°19′38″E +]; +Noor Aminin +, + +3 January 2024 + +. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +ZRC 65844 +, +8 +, 43.0–66.0 mm SL; CMK 29184, 5, +43.2–56.6 mm +SL; same data as holotype + +. — + +ZRC 65998 +, +12 +, 37.0– +59.2 mm +SL; same location data as +holotype +; + +4 March 2024 + + +. + + + + +Non-type material + +. +ZRC 65915 +, +46 +, +42.7–57.4 mm +SL; same location data as +holotype +; + +14 February 2024 + +[specimens all dead on arrival] + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Kapuasia falaris + +is distinguished from + +K. maculiceps + +by the following combination of characters: colour pattern made of 3–7 regular black bars, wider than interspaces and extending across back, of constant width and reaching ventral midline (vs. irregular bars or mostly triangular saddles reaching downward about to lateral line, often alternating or connected with blotches in lower half of body); head black, except for white dorsal side of the snout, a bar behind eye and a bar across the nape and along hind margin of opercle (vs. top of head and cheek spotted); in males, presence of a suborbital flap ( +Fig. 4 +; vs. absence); in males, vertical skin flanges on the dorsal surface of the pectoral fin, between the branched rays ( +Fig. 5 +; vs. absence); no large flat pectoral axillary lobe (presence), but instead a cylindrical lobe, with pointed posterior extremity, usually separate from skin of flank by a deep groove, often with a second similar lobe above the groove ( +Fig. 6 +). The shape of this lobe is apparently unique among Southeast Asian species of nemacheilids. + +Kapuasia falaris + +is further distinguished from all nemacheilids from Southeast Asia by the shape of the suborbital flap: globulous, at some distance below the eye, and with a deep vertical groove from the flap to the eye; and the strongly upwards curled pectoral fin, appearing with an almost vertical orientation in life ( +Fig. 3 +), is apparently unique among Southeast Asian nemacheilids. + + + + +Description. +See +Figs. 1–3 +for general appearance and +Table 1 +for morphometric data of +holotype +and +9 paratypes +. An elongate nemacheilid with body depth gradually increasing up to dorsal-fin origin. Behind dorsal fin, body depth almost uniform until caudal-fin base. Dorsal profile continuous between head and body. Head slightly depressed; body slightly compressed anteriorly, gradually more compressed posteriorly. Interorbital area flat. In lateral view, eye protruding over dorsal profile of head. Cheeks not swollen. Snout pointed but not acute. Depth of caudal peduncle 1.3–1.5 times in its length, depth uniform. No dorsal crest or keel on post-dorsal area. No ventral crest or keel on caudal peduncle. Vertebrae 18–20+13–14=32–34 (modally 19+14=33). Largest recorded size +57.5 mm +SL in male, 66.0 mm SL in female. + + + +Table 1. Morphometric data of type material of + +Kapuasia falaris + +(n=10). Ranges and means include holotype data. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Holotype + +Range + +Mean +
Standard length (mm)51.948.6–66.0
Total length (mm)64.459.7–83.4
In percent of standard length Total length Head length (dorsal) Head length (lateral) Predorsal length Prepelvic length Pre-anus length Pre-anal length124.0 21.9 24.5 53.1 48.4 67.4 74.7120.5–126.5 18.5–21.9 22.4–25.4 51.8–54.8 48.0–51.5 67.4–73.2 73.1–78.1123.0 20.3 23.9 53.3 50.0 69.2 75.4
Head depth10.710.0–11.410.7
Body depth at dorsal-fin origin Depth of caudal peduncle Length of caudal peduncle Head width13.8 12.0 17.5 14.312.6–15.5 10.6–12.0 15.3–17.5 13.5–15.413.6 11.3 16.2 14.3
Body width at dorsal-fin origin9.88.8–11.910.2
Snout length Eye diameter Interorbital width Length of dorsal fin Length of upper caudal-fin lobe Length of median caudal-fin rays Length of lower caudal-fin lobe8.4 2.9 5.8 16.5 23.4 17.3 23.47.7–9.8 2.5–3.3 5.2–6.2 16.0–19.9 19.5–23.6 12.6–17.9 20.3–25.49.1 3.0 5.9 17.5 22.1 14.9 23.0
Length of anal fin Length of pelvic fin Length of pectoral fin16.4 15.9 19.116.2–18.7 15.7–18.0 16.4–19.117.3 16.4 18.3
In percent of dorsal head length Snout length Eye diameter Interorbital width38 13 2738–50 13–16 27–3345 15 29
In percent of lateral head length Snout length3434–4238
Eye diameter1211–1413
Interorbital width2422–2625
+ + +Dorsal fin with 4 unbranched and 7½ (1), 8½ (12) or 9½ (1*) branched rays; distal margin slightly concave. Usually, second branched ray longest. Pectoral fin curled and slanted, with 1 unbranched and 9 branched rays (including small last ray, usually unbranched), rounded, reaching ⅓ to ⅜ of distance to pelvic-fin base; rays without filamentous extensions. Axillary pectoral lobe present, cylindrical, posteriorly pointed, usually separated from skin of flank by a deep groove; groove often margined above by a second pointed lobe ( +Fig. 6 +), more or less regularly shaped, more or less distinct. Pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 6 (2), 7 (11*) or 8 (1) branched rays (including small last ray, usually unbranched); reaching almost to anus (⅔ of distance to anal-fin origin; triangular to rounded; posterior margin straight; origin below base of unbranched dorsal-fin rays 1–3; axillary lobe present, entirely free, longer than fin base, high, rounded. Anus situated 1.5–2.5 eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin, distance between anus and anal-fin origin about ½ of distance between anus and pelvic-fin base. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5½ branched rays; distal margin slightly concave, first branched ray longest. Caudal fin with 9+8 (11*) or 8+7 (1) branched rays; forked (upper lobe 1.3–1.6 times longer than median rays), lobes rounded, subequal, lower lobe slightly longer than upper one (1.0–1.1 times). + + +Especially visible in life, inner pectoral-fin rays curled upwards and slightly forwards, against body, so that fin may appear vertically orientated ( +Fig. 3 +). In pelvic fin, innermost rays also curled upwards. No difference between sexes in this character. + + + +Fig. 2. + +Kapuasia falaris + +, paratypes, Borneo: Barito drainage. a, ZRC 65844, male, 43.0 mm SL; b, ZRC 65844, male, 48.6 mm SL; c, ZRC 65844, male, 51.5 mm SL; d, CMK 29184, female, 56.6 mm SL; e, CMK 29184, male, 52.3 mm SL; f, ZRC 65844, male, 57.5 mm SL; g, ZRC 65844, female, 66.0 mm SL. + + + + +Fig. 3. + +Kapuasia falaris + +, paratypes, live, Borneo: Barito drainage; ZRC 65844. a, male, 43.0 mm SL (reversed); b, male, 51.5 mm SL; c, female, 66.0 mm SL (reversed). + + +Body entirely covered by scales, except in a few specimens on belly, from throat to anus. Scales embedded, not externally visible on anterior part of body. Lateral line complete, with approximately 86–93 pores (difficult to count with accuracy). Cephalic lateral line system with 6 supraorbital, 4 + 10–11 infraorbital, 9–10 preoperculo-mandibular and 3 supratemporal pores. + +Anterior nare pierced in front side of a pointed flap-like tube. Posterior nare adjacent to anterior one. Mouth U-shaped, gape about two times wider than long ( +Fig. 7 +). Lips thin. Upper lip usually with median notch, with a few shallow, thin wrinkles on posterior edge. Processus dentiformis present. Lower lip almost continuous, with a median notch but not forming two median lobes; median part with small irregular ridges, radiating from anterior extremity of postlabial groove, lateral parts smooth. Anterior part of lower lip and space between anterior extremities of postlabial grooves with irregular ridges, continuous with the patch on the lip itself. Tip of lower jaw not exposed when mouth is closed. No median concavity in lower jaw. Inner rostral barbel not reaching corner of mouth; outer one reaching corner of mouth. Maxillary barbel reaching vertical of eye. + + + +Fig. 5. + +Kapuasia falaris +,CMK + +29184, male, 52.3 mm SL; pectoral fin, antero-dorsal view, showing skin flanges between branched rays (arrows). + + +Branched rays 4 and following: both branches are branched, with narrow membranes between branches. Some individual variation exists in the thickness and branching pattern. In females, pattern roughly similar, but membranes are present between all branches. Branched ray 1: posterior branch may be slightly branched near tip. Branched rays 2 and 3: anterior branch not branched, posterior branch branched near tip. Branched ray 4 and following: both branches are branched, with membranes between all branches. + + +Fig. 4. + +Kapuasia falaris +, ZRC + +65844, upper part of cheek; a, 57.5 mm SL; male with suborbital flap (arrow); b, 58.9 mm SL; female with suborbital crease (arrow). + + + +Stomach elongated, intestine with a bend some distance behind stomach ( +Fig. 8 +). Air bladder without posterior chamber in abdominal cavity. + + +Sexual dimorphism. +Males with suborbital flap (modified lateral ethmoid; +Fig. 4a +), in lower position than in most other nemacheilids, globulous, movable, upper outline continued upwards, almost vertically, by a groove reaching orbit. Flap missing in females, but a shallow crease corresponds to position of lower edge of flap in males ( +Fig. 4b +). + + +No tubercles on body and fins, in both sexes. In males, on the dorsal surface of pectoral fin, a conspicuous vertical skin flange, translucent, between branched rays 1–8, most developed between branched rays 1–6 ( +Fig. 5 +). These flanges not present in females. Females deeper bodied and apparently reach a larger size than males. + + +Unbranched and 1 or 2 anterior branched pectoral-fin rays thicker than others ( +Figs. 5 +, +9 +). In males, branched ray 1 branched only once, anterior branch usually thicker than posterior one, without membrane between branches. Branched ray 2: anterior branch thicker than posterior one, unbranched; posterior branch maybe branched at tip; no membranes. Branched rays 3: as ray 2 but branches may be branched. +Colouration +( +Figs. 1–3 +). After fixation in formalin and 4 months in ethanol. Head and body background colour yellowish white. Unless otherwise stated, markings black. Head black; snout white on top, between nostrils to extremity, black on sides; white mark or bar on cheek, from immediately behind eye downwards. Posterior part of opercle white, extending across back, over occiput and continuous with contralateral. Outer rostral barbel black, other barbels whitish. + +Body with 3–7 bars, extending from dorsal midline to ventral midline (faint on belly in front of anal fin), continuous with their contralaterals on back. Bars mostly of regular width and shape, wider than interspaces, sometimes paired or with paler central area, appearing vertically split. + +Pattern at caudal-fin base: a conspicuous black blotch on each lobe of caudal fin, on proximal half, along upper and lower edge, irregular shape, extending for about half of length of lobe, on unbranched rays and adjacent 4 branched rays. Blotch on upper lobe, a spot of more intense black at anterior extremity. In most specimens, anterior extremity of upper blotch more forward than lower one. A faint inner mark in front of lower blotch. Between blotches, rays black, membranes hyaline, sometimes almost forming a bar. In most specimens, a smaller blotch behind both main ones, along dorsal and ventral edges. In most specimens, a narrow margin around part of whole caudal fin. In +one specimen +, caudal fin almost entirely hyaline. + +Dorsal fin hyaline, with a black blotch at base of unbranched rays and first branched rays (1–2). A stripe made of melanophores at middle of last unbranched ray, and in middle area of branched rays, on rays near branching points. + + +Fig. 7. + +Kapuasia falaris +, CMK + +29184, 51.4 mm SL; mouth. + + + + +Fig. 8. + +Kapuasia falaris +, ZRC + +65915, 55.0 mm SL; schematic. Scale bar: 1 mm. + + +No melanophores on membranes, except between branches immediately distal to branching points. +Anal fin hyaline, with a row of patches of melanophores on rays near branching points. Pelvic fin hyaline or with a few faint melanophores on rays near branching points. +Pectoral fin hyaline. Unbranched and branched rays 1–2 with a patch of melanophores on dorsal surface of distal ½ to ⅓. On other rays, melanophores along edge of rays and branches. +In life: Pattern as in preserved specimens. Body cream-white, dorsum slight golden, venter white. Iris of eye flecked with gold specks. Bars on body brown, darker on dorsum. Caudal fin hyaline to light yellow, can be fully red. Upper part of last pale band (between last black bar and blotch at upper caudal base, and top of snout, bright iridescent white. + + +Fig. 6. + +Kapuasia falaris + +; variability in shape of supra-pectoral lobe(s). a, ZRC 65844, female, 56.1 mm SL; b, CMK 29184, male, 52.3 mm SL; c, ZRC 65844, female, 58.9 mm SL; d, CMK 29184, male, 50.1 mm SL; e, CMK 29184, male, 51.4 mm SL. + + + +Notes on biology. +The stomach content of two dissected females (ZRC 65915, +59.2 mm +SL, ZRC 65844, +58.9 mm + +is continuous, with a narrow shallow median longitudinal groove extending from the mental area to the anterior edge of the lip. The median part of the lower lip has 8–10 ridges on each side of the mental groove, radiating from the anterior extremity of the postlabial groove, across the whole lip, and also present on median space between the anterior extremities of the postlabial groove. + +In + +K. falaris + +, the lips are thinner, the groove in the median part of the lower lip is wider (but not forming conspicuous lobes) and the ridges are less obvious and less well organised. + + + +Kapuasia + +was also distinguished from all known nemacheilid loaches by the presence of a large, conspicuous, rounded suprapectoral lobe above the pectoral fin. In + +K. falaris + +, the lobe is cylindrical, posteriorly pointed, usually separated from skin of flank by a deep groove; groove often margined above by a second pointed lobe ( +Fig. 6 +), often less regularly shaped and more or less distinct than the first one. + + + +Fig. 9. + +Kapuasia falaris + +, pectoral fin in dorsal view; ZRC 65844. a, female, 58.9 mm SL; b, male 52.3 mm SL (reversed). + + + +SL) is uninformative because specimens kept in captivity for several days. The ovaries of the +58.9 mm +SL specimen contained unripe eggs, the largest ones about +0.5 mm +diameter. We have no information on habitat. The curled and slanted orientation of the pectoral and pelvic fins suggest an adaptation to strong current. In captivity: in a +60 cm +(length) tank setup with rocks and stones, individuals remain not visible as they hide amongst the crevices or burrowed into coarse gravel. When food is introduced, the fish will swim out or even forcefully push against the coarse gravel in its foraging activity. They have a preference for a carnivore diet. + + + + +Distribution. + +Kapuasia falaris + +is presently known only from one locality in the Barito drainage, Borneo. It is logically expected to have a wider distribution. + + + + +Etymology. +From the Greek ‘phalaros’ (having a patch of white, φάλαρος) and ‘rhis’ (nose, snout, ῥίς); with a white spot on the nose. Used as a noun in apposition. Falaris or phalaris (φαλαρίς), is the name of the coot, + +Fulica atra + +, a black bird with white beak and forehead. + + + + +Remarks. + +Kapuasia + +(and + +K. maculiceps + +) is distinguished from all other genera of +Nemacheilidae +in the morphology of the mouth. It is strongly arched, U-shaped, the upper lip is swollen and smooth. The lower lip is swollen, with a deep postlabial groove along the lateral parts; its anterior edge +One specimen +of + +K. maculiceps + +had a few small tubercles on the anterior branched pectoral-fin rays, assumed to be a male character. Both sexes are present in the material of + +K. falaris + +; no tubercles were present in males. Males of + +K. falaris + +are also distinguished by the presence of vertical skin flanges between the branched rays of the pectoral fin ( +Fig. 5 +); such flanges had not been reported in + +K. maculiceps + +, but a shallow ridge of skin between the rays is visible on the photographs of ZRC 56404, of unknown sex, and ZRC 61464, apparently a male, and appears possibly homologous ( +Kottelat & Tan, 2024 +: figs. 1b, c, 3, 4). + + +The males + +K. falaris + +have a conspicuous suborbital flap (modified lateral ethmoid; +Fig. 4 +), which is missing in the single specimen of + +K. maculiceps + +tentatively identified as male. The flap is globulous, movable, at some distance below the eye, with a deep groove connecting it to the edge of the orbit. In most nemacheilds of Southeast Asia, when a flap is present, it is immediately below the eye and the groove is not present. A somewhat similar condition is reported only in ‘ + +Mustura +’ +shuangjiangensis + +, in which the flap is at a distance from the eye, and the groove slanted (see +Kottelat, 2018 +: fig. 26). + +Another character shared by the two species and distinguishing them from all sundaic nemacheilids is the colour pattern of the caudal fin, made of a pair of black blotches in the proximal area of the fin, of which the anterior extremity of the lower one is slightly pushed backwards, the black rays between them, and a bar or row of spots in subdistal position. + +The strongly curled pectoral and pevic fins, with innermost rays positioned very close to the body and appearing in life as if the fins were vertical is a feature not observed in any other nemacheilid in Southeast Asia. However, the preserved specimen of + +K. maculiceps + +figured by +Kottelat & Tan (2024 +: fig. 2) shows a possibly similar condition. + + + + +Material examined. + +Kapuasia maculiceps + +: see +Kottelat & Tan (2024) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDBFF93FEDAD055D29155A6.xml b/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDBFF93FEDAD055D29155A6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..13a5677039a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDBFF93FEDAD055D29155A6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ + + + +First record of Gelotia Thorell, 1890 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Vietnam with description of a new species + + + +Author + +Hoang, Quang D. + + + +Author + +, Quoc T. Phan + + + +Author + +Vo, + + + +Author + +Van M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-29 + + +72 + + +294 +302 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0024 +2345-7600 +14683052 +F4FB9765-D4A1-48AB-8845-EC63B5A7D794 + + + + + + + +Gelotia zhengi +Cao & Li, 2016 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 5–6 +) + + + + + +Gelotia zhengi +Cao & Li + +, in +Cao, Li & Żabka, 2016: 78 +, figs. 24A–D, 25A–B (males); +Wang & Li, 2020: 41 +, figs. 9A–D, 10A–G, 17G, 18G, 19G (male, females). + + +Marterial examined. + +Male +(VNMN-ARA-SAL-117), female (VNMN-ARA-SAL-95), +VIETNAM +, +Dong Nai Prov. +, +Tan Phu Dist. +, ( +11.4063°N +, +107.4370°E +), + +121m +a.s.l. + +, + +21 November 2021 + +, coll. +Q.D. Hoang. Male +(VNMN-ARA- SAL-226) + +, + +VIETNAM +, +Dak Lak Prov. +, +Krong Bong District +, +Chu Yang Sin National Park +( +12.2686°N +, +108.2305°E +), + +893m +a.s.l. + +, + +14 May 2022 + +, coll. +Q.D. Hoang. + + + + + +Description. +For both sexes, see +Cao et al. (2016) +and +Wang & Li (2020) +. Habitus and copulatory organs from Vietnamese specimens as illustrated in +Figs. 5–6 +. + + +Variation. +There are slight differences with the illustration of the female by +Wang & Li (2020) +, as the copulatory ducts are slightly wider and longer than those of the specimens from +China +( +Fig. 6D +and fig. 10C in +Wang & Li, 2020 +). The male is perfectly matched to the illustrations by +Cao et al. (2016) +and +Wang & Li (2020) +. + + + + +Distribution. +China +( +Yunnan Prov. +) and +Vietnam +( +Dong Nai +, +Dak Lak Prov. +). The species is probably found in + + +Malaysia +, as indicated by two Facebook posts (https:// www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10158373523431441 &set=a.10150395133571441, Nicky Bay; https://www. facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10219423322027121&set= gm.625020444714442, Paul Ng). The conformation of the RTA observed in the posts closely resembles the illustrations of + +Gelotia zhengi + +, but further examination of the specimens is needed to confirm this. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDDFF9AFC22D035D0C153FD.xml b/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDDFF9AFC22D035D0C153FD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..525f62f1a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDDFF9AFC22D035D0C153FD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ + + + +First record of Gelotia Thorell, 1890 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Vietnam with description of a new species + + + +Author + +Hoang, Quang D. + + + +Author + +, Quoc T. Phan + + + +Author + +Vo, + + + +Author + +Van M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-29 + + +72 + + +294 +302 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0024 +2345-7600 +14683052 +F4FB9765-D4A1-48AB-8845-EC63B5A7D794 + + + + + + +Genus + +Gelotia +Thorell, 1890 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Gelotia frenata +Thorell, 1890 + +. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +, +China +, +Malaysia +, +Indonesia +, +India +, +Sri Lanka +, +Papua New Guinea +, +Australia +, and +Vietnam +(new record). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDEFF98FEE1D284D67653E7.xml b/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDEFF98FEE1D284D67653E7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b829060a218 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A8/87/03A88780FFDEFF98FEE1D284D67653E7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ + + + +First record of Gelotia Thorell, 1890 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Vietnam with description of a new species + + + +Author + +Hoang, Quang D. + + + +Author + +, Quoc T. Phan + + + +Author + +Vo, + + + +Author + +Van M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-29 + + +72 + + +294 +302 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0024 +2345-7600 +14683052 +F4FB9765-D4A1-48AB-8845-EC63B5A7D794 + + + + + + + +Gelotia onoi + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1–2 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: female (VNMN-ARA- SAL-480), +VIETNAM +, +Dak Lak Prov. +, +Buon Don Dist. +, +Yok Don National Park +, +12.9462°N +, +107.7294°E +, + +140m +a.s.l. + +, + +4 February 2024 + +, coll. +Q.D. Hoang. + + + + + +Etymology. +This specific epithet is given to honour Dr. Hirotsugu Ono ( +Japan +), who has made great contributions to improving knowledge of the spider fauna in +Vietnam +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +The female of + +Gelotia onoi + +, +new species +( +Figs. 1–2 +) resembles those of the +type +species, + +G. frenata +Thorell, 1890 + +and + +G. liuae + +Wang & Li, +2020 + + +in having the epigyne with a fold and rounded window, but differs from two latter species by the following characteristics: the epigynal window located in the near middle in the new species ( +Fig. 2C +) while anterior in both + +G. frenata + +(fig. +5 in +Prószyński, 1969 +) and + +G. liuae + +(cf. +Fig. 4C +and fig. 8A in +Wang & Li, 2020 +), copulatory duct significantly longer than the length of spermathecae ( +Fig. 2D +) (shorter in other species), spermathecae almost rounded, relatively very small ( +Fig. 2D +) in comparision with + +G. frenata + +and + +G. liuae + +as well as all other members of the genus + +Gelotia + +(see comparative illustrations in +Metzner, 2024 +). + + + + +Description. +Female +holotype +. Measurements: Total length 4.63; carapace length 2.31, width 1.72; abdomen length 2.32, width 1.34; clypeus height 0.08. Carapace brown, clothed with dense iridescent setae, lateral sides dark with yellowish belt ( +Figs. 1A–D +, +Fig. 2A +); fovea longitudinal. Anterior eyes surrounded by yellow-orange orbital setae ( +Fig. 2B +). Clypeus dark brown, narrowest medially with some long setae ( +Fig. 2B +). Sternum yellowish brown, with darker margin and sparse long setae. Endites and labium brownish yellow. Chelicerae brownish yellow ( +Fig. 2B +); promargin with three teeth, and five retromarginal teeth. Abdomen brown, covered with dense iridescent setae and with a large transverse stripes in posterior half of dorsum ( +Figs. 1A–D +, +Fig. 2A +); venter brownish yellow. Lateral sides of abdomen dark brown covered with yellow setae. Spinnerets very short, dark brown. Legs brown, covered with densely pale setae ( +Fig. 2A +). Width of eye rows: anterior eye row 1.67; posterior medial eye row 1.53; posterior lateral eye row 1.64. Distance between ALE-PME 0.51; ALE-PLE 1.09. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.56; ALE 0.32; PME 0.18; PLE 0.29. Length of leg segments: I 1.46 + 0.82 + 1.12 + 0.95 + 0.52 (4.87); II 1.36 + 0.75 + 0.92 + 0.89 + 0.49 (4.41); III 1.29 + 0.63 + 0.91 + 0.99 + 0.43 (4.25); IV 1.73 + 0.74 + 1.40 + 1.62 + 0.48 (5.97). Leg formula IV–I–II–III. Leg spination: I: Fm d 1–1–4; Pt pr 1; Tb v 2–2–2ap, pt 1–1; Mt v 2–2. II: Fm d 1–1–4; Pt pr 1, rt 1; Tb v 1–2–2ap, pt 1–1; Mt v 2–2. III: Fm d 1–1–4; Pt pr 1, rt 1; Tb d 1–1, pt 0–1–1ap, v 1–0–2ap, rt 0–1–1ap; Mt d 1–2–2ap, v 0–2–2ap., and IV: Fm d 1–1–4; Pt pr 1, rt 1; Tb d 1–1, pt 1–1, rt 1–1; Mt d 2–2–2ap, rt 1ap, v 1–0–2ap, pr 1ap. + + + +Fig. 2. Female of + +Gelotia onoi + +, +new species +(holotype). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, carapace, anterior view; C, epigyne, ventral view; D, epigyne, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm, B, 0.5 mm, C, D, 0.2 mm. + + + +Epigyne ( +Fig. 2C–D +): longer than wide, the fold of epigyne wider than the window, and the rim of epigynal window almost rounded ( +Fig. 2C +). Copulatory ducts fused, long, widest medially ( +Fig. 2D +). Spermathecae fused, rounded and significantly shorter than copulatory ducts ( +Fig. 2D +). + +Male: Unknown. + + + +Distribution. +Known only from the +type +locality. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF903B231681FDD2FDE7F97F.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF903B231681FDD2FDE7F97F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4e6009c41bd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF903B231681FDD2FDE7F97F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Paralygocoris vittulatus +( +Poppius, 1914 +) + +new combination + + + + + + +( +Figs. 12 +M−O, 17A–E, 34A−I) + + + + + + + +Lygus vittulatus +Poppius, 1914: 361 + + +. + + + + + +Lygocoris vittulatus + +: + +Schwartz & Chérot, 2005: 10 + +(new combination). + + + + + +Material examined. + + +INDONESIA +: + +5 males +, +4 females +, +South Sulawesi +, +Lompobattan +, + +30 miles +E of Makassar + +(Ujung Pandang), +5°19′S +, +119°56′E +, +M. Takai +, + +22–25 December 1999 + +( +AMNH +, +TYCN +, +ZRC +) ( +1 male +bearing USI’s, +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378789 +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This species is recognised readily by its relatively large size and unique colour pattern on dorsum ( +Fig. 12M, O +), in addition to the characters shown in the key. The male and female genitalic structures are herein described for the first time. Detailed description of external characters was provided by +Poppius (1914) +. + + + + +Description. +Male genitalia ( +Figs. 17A–E +, +34E, F +): Left paramere L-shaped, with apically inflated sensory lobe and sharply pointed apex of hypophysis; hypophysis of right paramere sharply pointed; vesical spicule elongate, stout, L-shaped. Female genitalia ( +Figs. 17F +, +34G–I +): Sclerotised rings elongate ovoid, narrow, relatively contiguous to each other mesally; dorsal structure basally fused with interramal lobes; and both of interramal lobe and dorsal structure spinulate along posterior margin. + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. According to the collector (Takai M, pers. comm.), more than a few individuals of this mirid were captured by sweep-netting inflorescences of broadleaf trees around cultivated fields. + + + + +Remarks. +This taxon has been known only by the female +holotype +from S. +Celebes +[= +Sulawesi +] (Bua-Kraeng) ( +Schwartz & Chérot, 2005 +). During sorting a number of mirine specimens collected by Mr. M. Takai ( +Ehime +University Expedition in 1999), several samples were found to match Poppius’ species. Although +Schwartz & Chérot (2005) +placed + +Lygus vittulatus + +in + +Lygocoris + +, the present close examination of the surface structures and genitalia recognised it as a member of + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus +. A new combination is accordingly established. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF903B3D1583FC72FEF0FBC7.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF903B3D1583FC72FEF0FBC7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9794a80329b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF903B3D1583FC72FEF0FBC7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,355 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Sabactiopus schuhi + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 7 +G−J, 18A–G, 34J–L, 35A−I) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +: male, + +NEPAL +: + +Kathmandu Valley +: +Lalitpur +, +Godawari +, +Mt. Pulchoki +( + +1,500–1,800 m + +), +27°34′45″N +, +85°22′44″E +, + +on + +Urtica dioica +, T. Yasunaga + + +, + +2 August 2006 + +( +NMTU +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 378790 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: NEPAL: +1 female +, same data as for holotype ( +TYCN +); Kaski: Pokhara, Begnas Lakeside, +28°10′N +84°06′E +, +T + +. + +Yasunaga, + +6 November 2005 + +( +NMTU +). THAILAND: +1 male +, Doi Suthep, Chiang Khian, + +850 m + +alt., +18°50′N +98°54′E +, +S. Nagashima +, + +15 August 2001 + +( +DOAT +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Being closely related to + +S. sauteri +(Poppius) + +, + +S. schuhi + +, +new species +can be distinguished by smaller size; narrower vertex; wider yellowish subbasal annulation on antennal antennomere II; antennomere III longer than IV; roundly inflated sensory lobe of left paramere; T-shaped apex of right paramere; anchor-shaped apex and roundly inflated sensory lobe of left paramere; narrowed sclerotised rings; and mesally separated interramal lobes, in addition to being associated with a herb from the +Urticaceae +, + +Urtica dioica + +. + + + + +Description. +Body ovoid, stout, rather box-like, small-sized; in female body larger and paler in colour ( +Fig. 7G–I +); basic colouration shiny dark reddish brown; dorsum polished, finely and sparsely punctate, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining or semi-erect setae on mesoscutum, scutellum and hemelytra. Head shiny pale brown, partly tinged with red, almost glabrous; eyes small; basal transverse carina on vertex with several upright setae, about as thick as pronotal collar ( +Fig. 34K +). Antenna dark brown; antennomere I with darkened apex, base and middle; antennomere II with pale ring at basal ⅓, as long as or slightly shorter than basal width of pronotum; base of antennomere III whitish, longer than IV. Labium pale brown, reaching but not exceeding apex of metacoxa; segment IV reddish brown. Pronotum shiny pale or reddish brown, shallowly punctate or rugose, almost glabrous ( +Fig. 29K +); calli sometimes with a pair of dark spots, flat; pleura pale brown; metathoracic scent efferent system greyish brown, with rather flat peritreme ( +Fig. 35A +); scutellum shiny fuscous, with creamy V-shaped margin. Hemelytron shining, pale brown or reddish brown, widely darkened posteriorly, declivous at cuneal fracture; cuneus yellowish brown apically, with dark apex; membrane pale smoky brown. Coxae and legs pale brown, partly tinged with red; meso- and metacoxa, and base of each femur more or less darkened; tibiae with dark spots or annulations at bases of pale brown spines; tarsomere III darkened; meta-tarsomere II as long as III; pretarsal structures as in +Fig. 30C +. Abdomen fuscous; female sterna VII–IX pale brown. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 18A–D +, +35 +D−F): Left paramere with roundly inflated sensory lobe ( +Figs. 30D +); right paramere with elongate hypophysis and T-shaped, flat apex ( +Figs. 18C +, +35E +). Vesica widely membranous, with two lobal-sclerites, one of which is deeply notched; secondary gonopore thick-rimmed ( +Figs. 18D +, +35F +). Female genitalia ( +Figs. 18E–G +, +35 +G−I): Genital chamber with small, narrow sclerotised rings that are separated to each other ( +Fig. 35G +); posterior wall lacking dorsal structure or lateral lobe; interramal lobe comparatively narrow, densely covered with spinules ( +Fig. 35I +), each lobe separated mesally ( +Fig. 35H +). + + + +Fig. 31. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Himalisundacoris takaii + +, +new species +, holotype male (A–G) and + +Paralygocoris meridionalis + +, female (H–O). A, Head and anterior thorax, dorsal-left lateral, view; B, I, thoracic pleura, left lateral view; C, J, metatarsus; D, pygophore, dorsal view; E, apical part of left paramere; J, right paramere; G, vesica; H, head and pronotum, anterior-left lateral view; K, pretarsal structure of metaleg; L, M, posterior wall; N, sclerotised ring; O, apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I). + + + + +Fig. 32. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Paralygocoris alboscutellatus + +(A–F), + +Prolygus disciger + +(G–K), + +P. papuanus + +(L–O) and + +Apolygopsis furvocarinatus + +(E). A, B, G, Anterior body, left lateral view; C, H, thoracic pleura, left lateral view; D, N, genital chamber; E, F, K, O; posterior wall; I, Left paramere; J, M, vesica; L, dorsal habitus. Abbreviations: IRL = interramal lobe, IRS = interramal sclerite, LLB = lateral lobe + + + + +Fig. 33. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Paralygocoris balicus + +, +new species +. A, B, head and thorax, left lateral- dorsal views; C, metathoracic scent efferent system; D, head and pronotum, dorsal view; E, metatarsus of each sex; F, pretarsal structure of metaleg; G, pygophore, dorsal view; H, left paramere; I, J, vesica; K, genital chamber; L, sclerotised ring; M, apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I); N, O, posterior wall. + + + + +Fig. 34. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Paralygocoris vittulatus + +(A–I), + +Sabactiopus schuhi + +, +new species +(J–L) and + +S. sauteri + +(M–O). A, head and pronotum, left lateral view; B, scutellum and hemelytron, left lateral view; C, metathoracic scent efferent system; D, metatarsus; E, pygophore, dorsal view; F, vesica; G, sclerotised ring; H, I, posterior wall; J, left lateral habitus; K, anterior body, dorsal view; L, O, thoracic pleura, left lateral view; M, anterior body, left lateral view; N, head, dorsal view. + + + + +Fig. 35. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Sabactiopus schuhi + +, +new species +(A–I) and + +S. sauteri + +(J–O). A, J, metathoracic scent efferent system; B, M, metatarsus; C, pretarsal structure of metaleg; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F, L, vesica; G, sclerotised ring; H, I, N, O, pygophore with parameres, dorsal view. + + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named in honour of Dr. Randall T. Schuh (Curator Emeritus, AMNH), one of the world’s most prominent heteropterists and my long-time mentor; an adjective. + + + + +Distribution. +Nepal +(Kathmandu Valley, Kasuki), +Thailand +( +Chiang Mai +). + + + + +Biology. +In Kathmandu Valley, several adults of this new species were found to inhabit + +Urtica dioica + +L. ( +Urticaceae +) and to coexist on the herb with + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +under deciduous/evergreen mixed broadleaf forest ( +Fig. 7J +). On the other hand, the Taiwanese congener, + +S. sauteri +(Poppius) + +, has been collected from the inflorescences and flower-buds of broadleaf trees, such as + +Styrax formosanus +Matsum. + +( +Styracaceae +) ( +Fig. 7L +). +Chérot et al. (2017) +reported that a +Papua +New Guinean congener, + +S. zhengi +Chérot, Gorczyca, Schwartz & Demol, 2017 + +, was collected by canopy-fogging. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF943B271575FF93FBA2F83A.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF943B271575FF93FBA2F83A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7b374f27784 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF943B271575FF93FBA2F83A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Paralygocoris meridionalis +(Lu & +Zheng, 2004 +) + +, +new combination + + + + + + +( +Figs. 12 +K−L, 17F–H, 31H−O) + + + + + + +Neolygus meridionalis +Lu & Zheng + +, in + +Zheng et al., 2004: 421 + +( +748 in +English), fig. 141, pl. 6. + + + + + +Material examined. + + +MALAYSIA +: + +1 female +, +Pahang +, +Fraser’s Hill +, +3°43′N +101°44′E +, +S. Gotoh +, + +29 April 1986 + +( +TYCN +) + +; + +1 female +, +Perak +, +Taiping +, +Bukit Larut +( +Maxwell Hill +), +4°51′45″N +, +100°48′00″E +, + +1,100 m + +alt., +mercury light trap +, +T + +. + +Yasunaga +, + +14 July 1989 + +( +TYCN +) + +. + + +THAILAND +: + +2 females +, +Chiang Mai +, +Doi Pui +, +18°50′N +, +98°53′E +, +UV + + +lighting, + +15 May 2001 + +, S. +Sakurai +( +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This species is recognised readily by its moderate size and unique colour pattern on the dorsum, as mentioned in the key. Further external characters including the male genitalia, along with a habitus image, were provided by +Zheng et al. (2004) +. The female genitalia are described for the first time. + + + + +Description. +Female genitalia ( +Figs. 17F–H +, +31 +L−O): Sclerotised rings narrow, ovoid, relatively contiguous to each other mesally ( +Figs. 17F +, +31N +); posterior wall rather with rather wide dorsal structure and interramal lobes ( +Fig. 31L +); anterior part of interramal sclerite with a field of minute processes; dorsal structure with uniformly distributed spinules ( +Fig. 31M +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Remarks. +Although this taxon was described as a member of + +Neolygus + +, the dorsal colour pattern, surface structures and form of the male and female genitalia suggest its best placement lies in + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus +. This mirid is now known from S. +China +( +Yunnan +), +Thailand +and Peninsular +Malaysia +. Its thermophilic habitat preference in tropical and subtropical zones also implies that it is not a genuine member of + +Neolygus + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF943B2716DBFED3FBB7FD01.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF943B2716DBFED3FBB7FD01.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8e754fa7036 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF943B2716DBFED3FBB7FD01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Paralygocoris balicus + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 12 +H−J, 16, 33) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +INDONESIA +: + +Bali +, +Tabanan +, +Candikuning +, +8°17′S +115°10′E +, local collector, + +8–12 March 1996 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378788 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: INDONESIA: +3 males +, +5 females +, same data as for holotype ( +AMNH +, +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species can be distinguished from other congeners by the characters mentioned in the above key, in addition to the identical male and female genitalic structures, such as short, rather bulbous right paramere with small, blunt-tipped hypophysis ( +Fig. 16C +); slender, elongate vesical spicule recurved apically ( +Figs. 16D +, +33I–L +); elongate-ovoid sclerotised rings contiguous to each other mesally ( +Figs. 16F +, +33K +); and triangular dorsal structure ( +Fig. 33N +). + + + + +Description. +Body yellowish or stramineous brown, elongate oval, subparallel-sided; dorsum shining, impunctate, with uniformly distributed, brown, simple setae. Head shiny pale brown, with a pair of brown, symmetrical, C-shaped maculae in front; apices of clypeus and buccula infuscate. Antenna dark brown; female antennomere II with pale basal ⅓ and obscure subbasal ring ( +Fig. 12J +); extreme base of antennomere III creamy yellow. Labium yellowish brown, reaching middle of mesocoxa; apical half of segment IV darkened. Thoracic pleura pale brown; mesal stripe on scutellum not reaching apex; metathoracic scent efferent system as in +Fig. 33C +. Hemelytron shiny pale brown; inner half of clavus fuscous; corium with a pair of dark spots apically; membrane pale smoky brown. All coxae and legs yellowish brown; metafemur with two brown apical rings subapically; each tarsomere III darkened. Abdomen pale brown. Male genitalia ( +Fig. 16A–E +, +33G–J +): Sensory lobe of left paramere weakly produced apically ( +Figs. 16A, B +, +33H +); right paramere rather bulbous, with small, blunt-tipped hypophysis ( +Fig. 16C +). Vesica with elongate spicule recurved apically ( +Figs. 16D +, +33I–L +). Female genitalia ( +Fig. 16F–H +, +33K–O +): sclerotised rings elongate-ovoid, contiguous to each other mesally ( +Figs. 16F +, +33K +); posterior wall with and small interramal lobes ( +Figs. 16E +, +33N +); dorsal structure triangular, densely covered with spinules ( +Fig. 33O +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named for the +type +locality, +Bali +; an adjective. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +( +Bali +Island). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF983B271573FB2AFEE4FC41.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF983B271573FB2AFEE4FC41.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..852f6e58e5c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF983B271573FB2AFEE4FC41.xml @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Paralygocoris alboscutellatus +( +Carvalho, 1987 +) + +, +new combination + + + + + + +( +Fig. 32A–F +) + + + + + + + +Prolygus alboscutellatus +Carvalho, 1987: 140 + + +, figs. 5–8; + +Yasunaga et al., 2018: 359 + +, figs. 43, 44 (note). + + + + + +Material examined. + + +INDONESIA +: + +N. +Sumatra +: +1 female +, +Brastagi +, +North of Toba Lake +, +3°11′N +98°30′E +, + +1,400 m + +alt., +UV + +light trap, +T +. + +Yasunaga +, + +8 December 1989 + +( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00380625 +) ( +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +( +Sumatra +), +Papua New Guinea +, +Philippines +(Negros). + +. + + + +Fig. 25. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Euphorbialygus rufobrunneus + +, +new species +. A, head and thorax, left lateral view; B, head and anterior pronotum, dorsal view; C, metathoracic scent efferent system; D, anterior body, dorsal view; E, scutellum, clavus and corium, dorsal view; F, metatarsus; H, pretarsal structure of metaleg; H, pygophore, dorsal view; I, left paramere; J, K, vesica; L, genital chamber and ovipositor (gonapophysis I); M, genital chamber; N, O, posterior wall. + + + + +Fig. 26. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +, +new species +(A–I) and + +H. omiae + +, +new species +(J–O). A, Left lateral habitus; B, head and anterior pronotum, dorsal view; C, dorsal habitus; D, scutellum, clavus and corium, dorsal view; E, apical forewing, dorsal view; F, thoracic pleura, left lateral view; G, M, metathoracic scent efferent system; H, N, metatarsus; I, O, pretarsal structure of metaleg; J, head and thorax, left lateral view; K, head and anterior pronotum, frontal view; L, scutellum and clavus, dorsal view. + + + + +Fig. 27. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +, +new species +(A–I) and + +H. omiae + +, +new species +(J–O). A, B, K, Apical part of left paramere; C, right paramere; D, L, vesica; E, secondary gonopore; F, genital chamber; G, ovipositor (gonapophysis I); H, J–N, posterior wall; I, posterior wall and ovipositor (gonapophysis II); O, sclerotised ring. + + + + +Remarks. +Yasunaga et al. (2018) +retained the original generic placement of this taxon in + +Prolygus + +( +type +species: + +Lygus papuanus +Poppius, 1914 + +, +Fig. 32L–O +). However, the following morphological characters support its proper placement in + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus +: clavus lacking rows of lines along claval vein ( +Fig. 32A, B +); vesica with a single spicule that is coiled subapically and similar in basic colour pattern to + +P. meridionalis + +(see +Carvalho, 1987 +, p. 140, figs. 5–8); female genital chamber narrow ( +Fig. 32D +); and posterior wall with small interramal lobe and triangular, mesally continuous lateral lobe ( +Fig. 32E, F +). + +Prolygus + +congeners share the different character status, such as clavus at least basally with two or three rows of keeled lines parallel to claval vein ( +Fig. 32L +); vesica with 2–4 spicule or lobal sclerites ( +Fig. 32J, M +); wider genital chamber ( +Fig. 32N +); and posterior wall with developed, wide interramal lobe and paired lateral lobes ( +Fig. 32K, O +). Based on these evidences, + +Prolygus alboscutellatus + +is herein transferred to + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus +. Both + +Paralygocoris alboscutellatus + +and + +P. meridionalis + +are considered Sundaland species. However, they appear to be allopatric with each other (the former in Oriental-Wallacea and the latter in continental Eurasia). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF983B2B1518FEB0FA1EF9C8.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF983B2B1518FEB0FA1EF9C8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c5bb4e508c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF983B2B1518FEB0FA1EF9C8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + +Key to species of + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus + + + + + + + +1. Vertex pale, without significant dark pattern; labium exceeding apex of mesocoxa, reaching middle or apex of metacoxal ...2 + + +– Vertex with a pair of dark, symmetrical striae; labium shorter, not reaching apex of mesocoxa ..............................................3 + + + + + +2. Body larger, more than +4.9 mm +in total length; antennomere II fuscous; scutellum distinctly darkened mesally; currently considered endemic to +Sulawesi +............................................... ...................... + +P. vittulatus +( +Poppius, 1914 +) + +, +new combination + + + + +– Body shorter than +4.5 mm +; antennomere II and scutellum creamy yellow; +Papua New Guinea +, +Philippines +, Sumatra ..... ........... + +P. alboscutellatus +( +Carvalho, 1987 +) + +, +new combination + + + + + + +3. Antennomere II almost uniformly fuscous; clavus entirely darkened; apical part of corium with dark V-shaped macula; S. +China +, Indochina, W. +Malaysia +............................................ ......... + +P. meridionalis +(Lu & +Zheng, 2004 +) + +, +new combination + + + + +– Basal part of antennomere II pale; inner part of clavus darkened; apical part of corium with a brown ovoid spot; +Bali +.............. ............................................................. + +P. balicus + +, +new species + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2B15E9FAF3FC08FC62.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2B15E9FAF3FC08FC62.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1fa3c5071eb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2B15E9FAF3FC08FC62.xml @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Paralygocoris balicus + +, +new species +. + + + + +Fig. 22. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Chelyolygus fuhoshoensis + +(A–D), + +C. parsanus + +, +new species +(F–I), + +C. virgulatellus + +, +new species +(J–O) and + +Apolygopsis furvocarinatus + +(E). A, F, Left paramere; B, G, vesica; C–E, H, I, posterior wall; J, anterior body, dorsal view; K, left lateral habitus; L, M, apex of pygophore, left lateral view; N, metatarsus; O, pretarsal structure of metaleg. Abbreviations: DOS = dorsal structure, IRL = interramal lobe, IRS = interramal sclerite, LLB = lateral lobe. + + + + +Fig. 23. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Chelyolygus wolskiorum + +, +new species +. A, Dorsal habitus; B, head and anterior pronotum, dorsal view; C, head and thorax, left lateral view; D, thoracic pleura, left lateral view; E, scutellum, clavus and corium, dorsal view; F, metatarsus; G, pretarsal structure of metaleg; H, apex of pygophore, dorsal view; I, left paramere; J, apical part of right paramere; K, vesica; L, genital chamber; M, apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I); N, O, posterior wall. + + + + +Fig. 24. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Euphorbialygus nanglong + +, +new species +. A, head and thorax, left lateral view; B, head and anterior pronotum, left lateral view; C, head, dorsal view; D, metathoracic scent efferent system; E, scutellum, clavus and corium, dorsal view; F, pygophore, left lateral view; G, metatarsus; H, pretarsal structure of metaleg; I, vesica; J, left paramere; K, right paramere; L, genital chamber and ovipositor (gonapophysis I); M, genital chamber; N, O, posterior wall. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new genus is externally similar to + +Lygocoris +Reuter, 1875 + +and + +Neolygus +Knight, 1917 + +, as evidenced by previous placements of two known species ( + +Lygocoris vittulatus + +and + +Neolygus meridionalis + +which are herein transferred to + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus +). However, + +Paralygocoris + +, +new genus +, is distinct in having the following diagnostic characters: Body pale brown or ivory brown, with darkened clypeus, antennomere I, posterior pronotum, anterior-mesal scutellum, inner part of clavus and apical part of corium; tibiae with dark brown spines; hypophysis of right paramere reduced, small; vesica bilobate, with a single, elongate, apically curved spicule, lacking other noticeable sclerite; female genital chamber, along with sclerotised rings, narrow; posterior wall without lateral lobe; dorsal structure basally fused with interramal lobes; and interramal lobe spinulate only along posterior margin. + + + + +Description. +Body, elongate oval, moderate in size, subparallel-sided; not sexually dimorphic in general shape (usually female is more oval); basic colouration pale or ivory brown, with similar dark pattern as in +Fig. 12H, J, K, M, O +; dorsal surface shining, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae. +Head: +Shining, vertical in lateral view, almost glabrous; eyes large, contiguous to anterior margin of pronotal collar; vertex narrow, shallowly sulcate mesally, without noticeable basal transverse carina. +Antenna: +Widely darkened, slightly shorter than body, almost linear; antennomere I always dark, about as long as IV; antennomere II sometimes with pale base, longer than basal width of pronotum or labium; antennomeres III and IV filiform. +Labium: +Relatively short, reaching but not exceeding apex of mesocoxa, obviously shorter than metafemur. +Thorax: +Pronotum shiny, always darkened posteriorly (except for pale posterior margin), with rather sparsely distributed, short, semi-erect setae, lacking noticeable punctures; calli reduced, weakly demarcated; collar shagreened, narrow, flat, about as thick as antennomere III; propleuron not margined nor carinate; metathoracic scent efferent system subtriangular, with relatively flat peritreme; scutellum smooth, more or less darkened mesad, impunctate, flat. +Hemelytron: +Moderately shining, with similar dark pattern on clavus and corium, shallowly and irregularly rugose, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae; lateral margin of exocorium (embolium) slightly rounded. +Legs: +Moderate in length; metafemur apically with two brown or reddish brown rings; tibial spines dark brown to fuscous; meta-tarsomere II longer than III; pretarsal structures as in +Figs. 31K +, + +33F +. + +Male genitalia: +Left paramere L-shaped, similar to that of + +Neolygus + +(e.g., +Fig. 16A, B +); hypophysis of right paramere reduced, small; vesica bilobate, with a single, elongate, apically curved spicule and long spinulate lobe, lacking other noticeable lobal-sclerite; phallotheca rather expanded, with a subapical, thin, semi-circular fin-like process. +Female genitalia +: Genital chamber, along with sclerotised rings, narrow ( +Fig. 16F +); posterior wall without lateral lobe; dorsal structure basally fused with interramal lobes; interramal lobe spinulate only along posterior margin. + + + + +Etymology. +Named for the superficial resemblance to a mirine genus + +Lygocoris +Reuter + +, with a Greek prefix, ‘ +para- +’ (similar, apart from, etc.); gender masculine. + + + + +Discussion. +This unique genus is established for three thermophilic members inhabiting the Oriental Region and Wallacea, and is distinct from superficially similar genera ( + +Lygocoris +Reuter + +and + +Neolygus +Knight + +) by the diagnostic characters mentioned above. As mentioned in some related works (e.g., +Yasunaga et al., 2012 +; Yasunaga, 2023, 2024), a large number of known species as well as undescribed ones (liable to be placed in such genera) occurring in the Oriental Region and Wallacea may be representatives of + +Miyamotolygus +, +Prolygus + +, and other (new) genera. In tropical Asia, ‘genuine’ members of + +Lygocoris + +and + +Neolygus + +are apparently restricted to cool montane zones. + +Although many of the above-mentioned taxa have the similar-shaped left parameres, each group is distinct in the pattern of vesical sclerites and female genitalic structures, which is currently considered homoplasy. Further continuing endeavour is required to clarify relevant taxa as much as possible in order to elucidate their plausible phylogenetic relationships. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2F16D1FAF3FBB7F8A2.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2F16D1FAF3FBB7F8A2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..193326fe728 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2F16D1FAF3FBB7F8A2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Himalisundacoris theoi + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 12 +E−H, 14F−J, 30) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +INDONESIA +: + +Bali +, +Tabanan +, +8°17′S +, +115°10′E +, local collector, + +13 March 1996 + + + + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_PBI 00378787). + +Paratypes +: +INDONESIA +: +5 males +, +2 females +, same data as for holotype, except for date: + +9–13 March 1996 + +( +AMNH +, +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is most similar in external appearance to + +H. takaii + +, +new species +, from which + +H. theoi + +, +new species +, can be easily distinguished by the basal transverse carina obliterated ( +Fig. 30A +); antennomere II with a pale subbasal annulation; pronotum with a pair of dark, oval maculae and immaculate lateral margins; thoracic pleura entirely pale; and apex of each tibia darkened. + + + + +Description. +Body oval; basic colouration pale olive brown with widely darkened hemelytra ( +Fig. 12E +); dorsum oily shiny; dark areas or maculae reduced in female ( +Fig. 12G +). Head shiny pale brown; basal transverse carina obliterated ( +Fig. 30A +); clypeus and lorum entirely shiny fuscous. Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale brown, obscured mesially, with dark base and apex; antennomere II with a pale subbasal annulation; base of antennomere III yellowish brown. Labium pale reddish brown, slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa; base of segment I and apical half of segment IV infuscate. Pronotum pale olive brown, with a pair of dark, oval maculae (continuing to calli) at middle ( +Fig. 12E +) (maculae in female reduced and calli with a pair of dark spots as in +Fig. 12F +); pleura uniformly dark brown; metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, relatively large ( +Fig. 30B, D +); scutellum pale creamy brown, sometimes partly tinged with green, with a pair of dark, elongate-oval maculae on anterior half. Hemelytron oily shiny, with sparsely distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae ( +Fig. 30C +); clavus and apical half of corium dark brown; cuneus yellowish brown, with darkened basal half and apex; membrane pale greyish brown, semi-transparent, with brown veins. All coxae and legs pale brown; metafemur with two brown, faint, subapical rings; apical part of each tarsomere III slightly darkened; pretarsal structure as in + +Fig. +30F + +. Abdomen pale brown; male genital segment (pygophore) darkened apically. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 14 +F−H, 30G–L): Hypophysis of left paramere relatively narrow, with anchor-shaped apex ( +Fig. 30I +); right paramere with small, blunt-tipped hypophysis ( +Fig. 14G +); secondary gonopore comparatively large, thick-rimmed ( +Fig. 30K–L +). Female genitalia ( +Figs. 14I, J +, +30M–O +): Sclerotised rings small ( +Fig. 14I +); posterior wall with rather narrow interramal lobes ( +Fig. 30N +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named after Theo, the grandson of Dr. Michael D. Schwartz; a noun in the genitive case. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +( +Bali +). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2F16D5FD93FEF3F8A2.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2F16D5FD93FEF3F8A2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7c7b455dcb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFF9C3B2F16D5FD93FEF3F8A2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Himalisundacoris takaii + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 11E, F +, +15 +I−K, 31A–G) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +INDONESIA +: + +South Sulawesi +, +Lompobattan +, + +30 miles +E of Makassar + +(Ujung Pandang), +5°19′S +, +119°56′E +, +M. Takai +, + +22–25 December 1999 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378786 +). + + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is currently known only by a single male specimen and distinguished from other congeners by the uniformly dark brown antennomere II, and darkened lateral parts of pronotum, entire thoracic pleura, clavus and abdomen ( +Fig. 11E, F +). + + + + +Description. Male +: Body oval, slightly elongate; basic colouration pale olive brown with widely darkened pronotum, scutellum, clavus and ventral surface ( +Fig. 11E, F +); dorsum polished, oily shiny. Head pale reddish brown, smooth; vertex with narrow, weak basal transverse carina that is interrupted mesally ( +Fig. 31A +); clypeus and lorum entirely shiny fuscous. Antenna dark brown; antennomere I partly pale mesially; antennomere II uniformly darkened; extreme base of antennomere III creamy yellow. Labium pale brown, reaching but not exceeding apex of metacoxa; apical 2/3 of segment IV darkened. Pronotum pale olive brown, darkened laterally, almost glabrous; pleura uniformly dark brown; metathoracic scent efferent system pale brown; scutellum pale olive brown, with a pair of dark, triangular maculae. Hemelytron oily shiny, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae ( +Fig. 31A +); whole clavus and apical half of corium dark brown; cuneus yellowish brown, with darkened extreme apex; membrane pale greyish brown, semi-transparent, with slightly darker veins. All coxae reddish brown; legs pale brown; metafemur with reddish basal half and two subapical brown rings; each tarsomere III slightly darkened; meta-tarsomere II as long as III; parempodia rather short ( +Fig. 31C +). Abdomen uniformly shiny dark brown. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 15 +I−K, 31D–G): Hypophysis of left paramere inflated, elongate, with anchor-shaped apex ( +Fig. 31E +); right paramere bulbous, short, with small hypophysis ( +Figs. 15K +, +31F +); notches of vesical lobal-sclerites rather small ( +Figs. 15I +, +31G +). +Female +: Unknown. + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named after Mr. Mikio Takai, who collected and provided numerous Asian specimens of the +Miridae +; a noun in the genitive case. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +(S. +Sulawesi +). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA03B1316E8FCD3FBB7FF01.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA03B1316E8FCD3FBB7FF01.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..100c351d290 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA03B1316E8FCD3FBB7FF01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Himalisundacoris palolo + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 11 +A−D, 15A−C, 28) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +INDONESIA +: + +Central Sulawesi +, +Palu +, +Palolo +, +1°13′S +, +120°03′E +, +UV +lighting, +T +. +Yasunaga +, + +28 April 1988 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378784 +) + +. + +Paratype +: INDONESIA: +1 female +, same data as for holotype ( +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised readily by the pale orange-brown basic colouration and entirely shiny fuscous abdomen, in addition to the characters provided in the above key. + + + + +Description. +Body oval, slightly elongate; basic colouration pale orange-brown, with uniformly shiny chocolate brown abdomen ( +Fig. 11A–D +). Head pale orange-brown; partly suffused with red; vertex smooth, without basal transverse carina ( +Fig. 28D +); lorum, jugum, and buccula suffused with red; clypeus fuscous. Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale brown, with darkened base and apex; antennomere II with pale basal ½–⅔ and fuscous extreme base (female); base of antennomere III yellowish brown. Labium pale reddish brown, reaching middle part of metacoxa; apical ¾ of segment IV dark reddish brown. Pronotum uniformly pale, almost glabrous; pleura shiny pale orange-brown; metathoracic scent efferent system with rather small peritreme ( +Fig. 28C +); scutellum uniformly pale, nearly glabrous ( +Fig. 28A +). Hemelytron pale orange-brown, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae; basal ⅔ and apical margin of cuneus sanguineous; membrane pale smoky brown, semi-transparent, with brown veins. All coxae and legs pale brown; metafemur with two or three reddish rings apically; apical half of each tarsomere III slightly darkened; pretarsal structure as in +Fig. 28F +; parempodia narrow, lanceolate. Abdomen entirely fuscous. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 15A +, +28G–J +): Hypophysis of left paramere with sharp apex ( +Fig. 28H +); right paramere tiny, bulbous, flattened ( +Figs. 28I +); vesical lobal-sclerites with weak notches ( +Figs. 15A +, +28J +); secondary gonopore comparatively large. Female genitalia ( +Figs. 15B, C +, +28K–O +): Sclerotised rings relatively large, elongate-oval ( +Figs. 15B +, +28K +); dorsal margin of posterior wall with a pair of fields of spinules which form weak lateral lobes ( +Fig. 28M, N +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named for the +type +locality, Palolo of C. +Sulawesi +; a noun in apposition. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +(C. +Sulawesi +). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA03B2F15B2FD93FEF3FF02.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA03B2F15B2FD93FEF3FF02.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7be2108aa98 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA03B2F15B2FD93FEF3FF02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Himalisundacoris schwartzi + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 11 +G−J, 15D−H, 29) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +INDONESIA +: + +North Sumatra +: +Brastagi +, +North of Toba Lake +, +3.18°N +, +98.50°E +, + +1,400 m + +, at FL light, +T +. +Yasunaga +, + +7 December 1989 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378785 +) + +. + +Paratype +: INDONESIA: +1 female +, same data as for holotype, except for date + +5 December 1989 + +( +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised by the following characters: Pale orange-brown basic colouration; entirely pale creamy brown scutellum; darkened female clavus and posterior corium; and pale reddish-brown abdomen, in addition to the characters provided in the above key. + + + + +Description. +Body oval, slightly elongate; basic colouration pale orange-brown ( +Fig. 11G +); in female, clavus and apical part of corium darkened ( +Fig. 11I +). Head pale orange-brown; vertex smooth, with faintly delimitated basal transverse carina ( +Fig. 29B +); lorum, jugum, and buccula reddish brown; apical half of clypeus fuscous. Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale brown, with darkened base and apex; antennomere II with pale subbasal annulation; base of antennomere III yellowish brown. Labium pale reddish brown, reaching middle part of metacoxa; apical part of segment IV dark reddish brown. Pronotum uniformly pale, almost glabrous ( +Fig. 29A +); calli with a pair of reddish spots in female; pleura shiny pale reddish-brown; metathoracic scent efferent system pale brown, with small, semi-circular peritreme ( +Fig. 29D +); scutellum pale creamy brown. Hemelytron pale orange-brown, with sparsely distributed, pale, simple, semi-erect setae; clavus and apical half of corium darkened in female; basal half and apex of cuneus sanguineous; membrane pale greyish brown, semi-transparent, with brown veins. All coxae and legs pale brown; metafemur with two or three reddish annulations apically; apex of each tibia dark reddish brown; apical half of each tarsomere III darkened; meta-tarsomere II as long as III ( +Fig. 29E +); pretarsal structure as in +Fig. 29F +; parempodia relatively short. Abdomen almost uniformly pale reddish brown. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 13D–F +, +29G–K +): Hypophysis of left paramere with sharp apex ( +Fig. 29H +); right paramere ovoid, with short, pointed hypophysis ( +Figs.13F +, +29I +); vesica with distinctly notched lobal-sclerite ( +Figs. 13D +, +29J, K +); secondary gonopore comparatively large. Female genitalia ( +Figs. 13H, I +, +29L–O +): Sclerotised rings relatively large, subtriangular ( +Fig. 29L +); dorsal margin of posterior wall with sparsely distributed, scaly micro-structures, lacking field of spinules ( +Fig. 29N +); interramal lobes mesally separated to each other ( +Fig. 29M +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named to honour Dr. Michael D. Schwartz; a noun in the genitive case. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +(N. +Sumatra +). + + + + +Fig. 19. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Chelyolygus cheroti + +, +new species +. A, Head and anterior pronotum, dorsal view; B, ditto, left lateral view; C, scutellum and anterior hemelytron, left lateral view; D, metathoracic scent efferent system; E, scutellum, clavus and corium, dorsal view; F, metatarsi of each sex; G, pretarsal structure of metaleg; H, apex of pygophore, ventral view; I, left paramere; J, right paramere; K, vesica; L, apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I); M, genital chamber; N, O, posterior wall. + + + + +Fig. 20. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Chelyolygus bipuncticollis + +(male) and + +C. tabananicus + +, +new species +(holotype female). A, G, Head and anterior thorax, left lateral view; B, head, frontal view; C, ditto, dorsal view; D, E, K, pretarsal structure; F, metatarsus; H, head and pronotum, frontal-left lateral view; I, metathoracic scent efferent system; J, mesotarsus; L, genital chamber, dorsal view; M, N, posterior wall; O, ditto, dorsal structure. + + + + +Fig. 21. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Chelyolygus fuhoshoensis + +(A–G) and + +C. parsanus + +, +new species +(H–O). A, Head and pronotum, dorsal view; B, H, dorsal habitus; C, J, anterior body, left lateral view; D, L, metathoracic scent efferent system; E, M, metatarsus; F, N, pretarsal structure of metaleg; G, O, male genital segment (pygophore) with parameres, dorsal view; I, pronotum, scutellum and anterior corium, dorsal view; K, thoracic pleura, left lateral view. + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA53B131585FEB3FEF3FE41.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA53B131585FEB3FEF3FE41.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4dc860b20b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA53B131585FEB3FEF3FE41.xml @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Himalisundacoris omiae + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 12 +A−D, 14A−E, 26J–O, 27J–O) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +INDONESIA +: + +Bali +, +Tabanan +, +Bedugul Area +, +8°16′S +, +115°09′E +, local collector, + +8–12 August 1996 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378783 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: INDONESIA: +3 females +, same data as for holotype ( +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised by the following characters: Oily shiny, pale milky olive dorsum with reddish brown band at subapical part of corium; sharp apex of right paramere hypophysis ( +Fig. 14B +); rounded apex of left paramere hypophysis ( +Fig. 27K +); relatively developed lobal-sclerites and large secondary gonopore ( +Figs. 14C +, +27L +); and large spinules on dorsal margin of posterior wall ( +Fig. 27M +). + + + + +Description. +Body generally pale milky olive, oval; dorsum oily shiny, well-polished ( +Fig. 26C +). Head shiny pale brown, partly suffused with red; basal transverse carina of vertex almost obliterated ( +Fig. 26J, K +); lorum and clypeus fuscous. Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale brown with darkened base and apex; antennomere II with a pale, narrow annulation near base (male)/ with pale basal half and fuscous extreme base (female); base of antennomere III creamy yellowish brown. Labium pale reddish brown, reaching apex of metacoxa; base of segment I and apical ¾ of segment IV darkened. Pronotum uniformly pale, almost glabrous; calli slightly tinged with red; pleura shiny pale reddish brown; metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, with rather flat peritreme ( +Fig. 26M +); mesoscutum and scutellum with sparsely distributed, short setae ( +Fig. 26L +). Hemelytron oily shiny, smooth, with sparsely distributed, pale, short, simple setae ( +Fig. 26J +); subapical part of clavus, apical ⅓ of corium, and basal ½ and apex of cuneus reddish brown; membrane pale smoky brown, semi-transparent, with brown veins. All coxae and legs shiny pale brown; metafemur with two or three reddish rings apically; each tarsomere III darkened; pretarsal structure as in +Fig. 26O +; parempodia relatively narrow. Abdomen pale brown; male genital segment (pygophore) shiny fuscous ( +Fig. 12B +); ventral median part more or less darkened in female ( +Fig. 12D +). Male genitalia ( +Figs. 14 +A−C, 27J–L): Hypophysis of left paramere with somewhat rounded apex ( +Fig. 27K +); right paramere with short, pointed hypophysis ( +Fig. 14B +); vesical lobal-sclerites with rather developed notches ( +Figs. 14F +, +27L +); secondary gonopore comparatively large. Female genitalia ( +Figs. 14D, E +, +27M–O +): Sclerotised rings narrow, subtriangular ( +Figs. 14I +, +27O +); dorsal margin of posterior wall with relatively large spinules ( +Fig. 27M +). + + + +Fig. 15. Male (A, D–F, I–K) and female (B, C, G, H) genitalia of + +Himalisundacoris palolo + +, +new species +(A–C), + +H. schwartzi + +, +new species +(D–H) and + +H. takaii + +, +new species +(I–K). A, D, I, Vesica; B, genital chamber; C, H, posterior wall; E, J, left paramere; F, K, right paramere; G, apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I). Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Fig. 16. Male (A–D) and female (E–G) genitalia of + +Paralygocoris balicus + +, +new species +. A, B, left paramere; C, right paramere; D, vesica; G, ditto, secondary gonopore and adjacent structures; E, posterior wall; F, genital chamber; G, apical parts of ovipositors (gonapophyses I). Scale bars 0.2 mm. + + + + +Fig. 17. Male (A–E) and female (F–H) genitalia of + +Paralygocoris vittulatus + +(A–F) and + +P. meridionalis + +(G–H). A, Apex of pygophore (genital segment) with parameres, dorsal view; B, right paramere; C, left paramere; D, E, vesica; F, genital chamber; G, posterior wall; H, apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I). Scale bars 0.2 mm. + + + + +Fig. 18. Male (A–D, H) and female (E–G, I, J) genitalia of + +Sabactiopus schuhi + +, +new species +(A–G) and + +S. sauteri + +(H–J). A, Apex of pygophore with parameres, dorsal view; B, apex of left paramere; C, apical part of right paramere; D, H, vesica; E, genital chamber; F, I, posterior wall; G, J, apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I). Scale bars 0.2 mm. + + + + +Etymology. +Named after Omi, the granddaughter of Dr. Michael D. Schwartz, long-time friend and colleague of the author; a noun in the genitive case. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +( +Bali +). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA53B1616DDFE55FABFFC61.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA53B1616DDFE55FABFFC61.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a205c1449b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA53B1616DDFE55FABFFC61.xml @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 7E, F +, +13 +, +26A–I +, +27A–I +) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +: male, + +NEPAL +: + +Kathmandu Valley +: +Lalitpur +, +Godawari +, +Mt. Pulchoki +( + +1,500–1,800 m + +), +27°34′45″N +, +85°22′44″E +, + +on + +Urtica dioica +, T. Yasunaga + + +, + +4 August 2006 + +( +NMTU +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378782 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: +2 males +, +2 females +, same data as for holotype ( +AMNH +, +TYCN +, +ZRC +) + +; + +1 male +, +2 females +, same data as for holotype, except for date + +2 August 2006 + +( +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised by the following characters: Moderate size; yellowish brown, oily shiny, dorsum, with darkened clavus and posterior corium ( +Fig. 7E, F +); and bright greenish or yellowish white scutellum, in addition to the characters provided in the above key. + + + + +Description. +Body oval, slightly elongate; basic colouration pale brown with widely darkened hemelytra ( +Fig. 7E, F +); dorsum polished, impunctate ( +Fig. 26C +). Head pale whitish brown, smooth, with fuscous apical half (including jugum, lorum, buccula, and clypeus); vertex with faint, weak basal transverse carina ( +Fig. 26B +); frons (in fresh specimens) tinged with red. Antenna dark brown; antennomere I partly and irregularly pale at middle; antennomere II shorter than basal width of pronotum; extreme base of antennomere III creamy yellow. Labium pale reddish brown, reaching anterior margin of metacoxa; apical half of segment IV darkened. Pronotum pale brown, more or less darkened posteriorly, almost glabrous; calli (in fresh specimens) with a pair of dark small spots, partly suffused with red; pleura uniformly pale reddish brown; metathoracic scent efferent system as in +Fig. 26G +; mesoscutum and anterior half of scutellum with sparsely distributed, short setae ( +Fig. 26D +); mesoscutum dark reddish brown; scutellum greenish or yellowish white, with fuscous extreme apex. Hemelytron dark brown, oily shiny, smooth, with uniformly distributed, pale, short, simple setae ( +Fig. 26C +); basal ⅔ of clavus pale brown; subapical part of cuneus narrowly pale; membrane pale smoky brown, semi-transparent, with dark brown veins. All coxae and legs pale brown; each femur with two red, subapical rings; metafemur with broader reddish annulation at middle; apical part of each tarsomere III darkened; pretarsal structure as in +Fig. 26I +. Abdomen pale reddish brown; apical half of male genital segment (pygophore) fuscous. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 13 +A−G, 27A–E): Hypophysis of left paramere elongate ( +Fig. 13A +), with barb-like apex ( +Figs. 13B +, +27B +); right paramere bulbous, ovoid, with short, pointed hypophysis ( +Figs. 13D, E +, +27C +); vesica with three notched lobal-sclerites ( +Figs. 13F +, +27D +). Female genitalia ( +Figs. 13H, I +, +27F–I +): Genital chamber circular, with elongate oval sclerotised rings ( +Figs. 13I +, +27F +); posterior wall with widened interramal lobes ( +Figs. 13H +, +27H +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named to honour Dr. Ram Keshari Duwal, a Nepalese heteropterist (now working at CNC); a noun in the genitive case. + + + + +Distribution. +Nepal +(Lalitpur, Kathmandu Valley). + + + + +Biology. +All available specimens of this new species were found from + +Urtica dioica + +L. ( +Urticaceae +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA83B161518FA13FCB1FCC7.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA83B161518FA13FCB1FCC7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a9d244d1b0a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA83B161518FA13FCB1FCC7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + +Key to species of + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus + + + + + + + + +1. Scutellum pale, with two dark, distinct spots anteriorly ( +Figs. 7E, F +, +11G–I +, +12A +) .................................................................2 + + + + +– Scutellum uniformly creamy yellow, pale brown or brown, without dark spot or macula ( +Figs. 11E +, +12E–G +)..................3 + + + + + +Fig. 13. Male (A–G) and female (H–I) genitalia of + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +, +new species +. A–C, left paramere; D, E, right paramere; F, vesica; G, ditto, secondary gonopore and adjacent structures; H, posterior wall; I, genital chamber. Scale bars 0.2 mm. + + + + +Fig. 14. Male (A–C, F–H) and female (D, E, I, J) genitalia of + +Himalisundacoris omiae + +, +new species +(A–E) and + +H. theoi + +, +new species +(F–J). A, F, left paramere; B, G, right paramere; C, H, vesica; G, ditto, secondary gonopore and adjacent structures; D, J, posterior wall; E, genital chamber; I, sclerotised ring. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + + + + +2. Antennomere +II +uniformly dark brown; thoracic pleurites widely darkened; +Indonesia +(S. +Sulawesi +)........ + +H. takaii + +, +new species + + + + + +– + +Sub-basal part of antennomere +II +with a pale annulation; thoracic pleurites pale brown; +Indonesia +( +Bali +) ..................................... ................................................................ + +H. theoi +, + +new species + + + + + + + +3. Vertex with faint, weak basal transverse carina ( +Fig. 22B +); pronotum bicolourous, darkened posteriorly; +Nepal +(warm temperate zone) ............................... + +H. duwalae + +, +new species + + + + +– Basal carina of vertex obliterated ( +Figs. 24D +, +25B +); pronotum unicolourously pale .................................................................4 + + + + + + +4. General colouration pale milky brown (partly tinged with olive); metafemur obviously longer than labium; +Bali +........................ .............................................................. + +H. omiae + +, +new species + + + +– General colouration pale orange-brown; metafemur as long as or shorter than labium.............................................................5 + + + + + +5. Basal ⅓–½ of antennomere II pale, with darkened extreme base; abdomen uniformly shiny chocolate brown; C. +Sulawesi +....... .............................................................. + +H. palolo +, + +new species + + + + +– + +Basal part of antennomere +II +dark, with pale annulation; abdomen pale reddish brown; +Indonesia +(N. +Sumatra +)............................ ........................................................ + +H. schwartzi +, + +new species + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA83B1B173EFF53FB21F882.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA83B1B173EFF53FB21F882.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..14fb171eaa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFA83B1B173EFF53FB21F882.xml @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +, +new species +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Based on the similar surface and male genitalic structures, + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus +, is assumed to be most closely related to + +Sabactiopus +Zheng & Lin, 2002 + +, from which + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus +, is distinguished readily by the following unique characters: Body generally larger; vertex smooth, lacking basal transverse carina (that is faintly recognisable in some species); left paramere with flattened sensory lobe and distinctly hooked (or shovel-headed or spade-shaped) apex; right paramere very tiny, with bulbous sensory lobe; interramal lobe with densely distributed, scaly microstructures. + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus +, is also at first sight reminiscent of the European genus + +Liocoris +Fieber, 1858 + +(e.g., similar colour pattern and body shape, and shiny dorsum); however, the latter has the punctate dorsum and completely different genitalic structures (cf. +Schwartz & Foottit, 1998 +). + + + + +Description. +Body small to moderate in size, ovoid, relatively stout, not sexually dimorphic in general shape; basic colouration pale brown to fuscous; dorsal surface polished, oily shiny, impunctate, with sparsely distributed, pale, simple, semi-erect setae but nearly glabrous in some species. +Head: +Smooth, shining, somewhat oblique in lateral view, with sparsely distributed, short setae; eyes contiguous to anterior margin of pronotal collar; vertex shallowly sulcate or concaved mesally, without basal transverse carina; clypeus infuscate. +Antenna: +Slightly longer than or as long as body, almost linear; antennomeres I and II similar in colour pattern to those of + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus +, darkened apically (or at apex); antennomere II more or less darkened at base, relatively short, shorter than antennomeres III+IV antennomeres III and IV filiform; antennomere III as long as or longer than width of head across eyes. +Labium: +Relatively long, reaching or slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa. +Thorax: +Pronotum shiny, highly polished, almost glabrous or with sparsely distributed, short, semi-erect setae, impunctate; calli not clearly demarcated; collar shagreened, narrow, about as thick as antennomere III; thoracic pleura shining; propleuron not margined nor carinate; metathoracic scent efferent system, with small peritreme ( +Fig. 2B, K +); scutellum polished, impunctate, weakly arched. +Hemelytron: +Oily shiny, variable in colour, impunctate, declivous at cuneal fracture, with sparsely (sometimes rather densely) distributed, pale, simple, semi-erect setae. +Legs: +Relatively long; tibial spines pale brown or reddish brown; meta-tarsomere II about as long as III; pretarsal structures as in +Fig. 26I, O +; parempodium relatively short. +Male genitalia: +Parameres highly asymmetrical; left paramere with hypophysis flattened, distinctly hooked (or shovel-headed or spade-shaped) apically and sensory lobe more or less projected basally; right paramere very tiny, with bulbous sensory lobe and simple, small hypophysis; vesica with at least two spinulate lobal-sclerites, without spicule; secondary gonopore thick-rimmed, small, rounded; apex of phallotheca smooth. +Female genitalia +: Genital chamber with relatively wide dorsal sac; sclerotised rings narrow, thin-rimmed, separated to each other mesally; posterior wall lacking dorsal structure or lateral lobe; interramal lobe relatively developed, densely covered with scaly microstructures instead of spinules. + + + + +Etymology. +Named for distribution pattern of the congeners of this new genus, known widely from the Himalayas and Sundaland, combined with Greek noun, ‘koris’ (= heteropteran bug); gender masculine. + + + + +Discussion. +This new genus is assumed to be sister to + +Sabactiopus +Zheng & Lin, 2002 + +(see below). Both genera share the following characters: Dorsal surface shiny, well-polished, almost impunctate; head smooth, only with sparse vestiture; clypeus infuscate; pronotum and scutellum shiny, without puncture nor wrinkle; vesica widely membranous, with two spinulate lobal-sclerites, lacking spicule; secondary gonopore rounded, thick-rimmed; posterior wall lacking dorsal structure nor lateral lobe. However, + +Sabactiopus + +is separable from + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus +in having definitive characters, including presence of basal transverse carina on vertex ( +Fig. 34K, M +); antennomere III as long as or slightly longer than IV; scutellum fuscous, surrounded by creamy yellow margin ( +Fig. 7G–H +); right paramere conventional in shape and size ( +Fig. 35E, K +); narrower sclerotised ring ( +Fig. 35G +); and interramal lobe densely covered with spinules instead of scaly microstructures (cf. +Figs. 27H, M +vs. 35I, O). + + +Incidentally, the extremely tiny, shortened right paramere possessed by + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus +is not commonly found in the tribe +Mirini +. So far as I am aware, members of + +Charagochilus +Fieber, 1858 + +have similarly reduced right parameres. However, + +Charagochilus +species + +are characterised by the heavily punctate dorsum, and totally different structures of the vesica and female genitalia (cf. Yasunaga, 2023). Therefore, the remarkable asymmetry of the parameres shared by the two genera is simply interpreted as a homoplasy. Additional undescribed congeners are remaining in +Indonesia +(Schwartz MD, pers. comm.), and further investigation is encouraged to clarify the whole fauna of + +Himalisundacoris + +, +new genus +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFAF3B1B15A5FEB3FD74FDC1.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFAF3B1B15A5FEB3FD74FDC1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2171ebebf0b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFAF3B1B15A5FEB3FD74FDC1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Euphorbialygus rufobrunneus + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 8E, F, H +, +9 +F−H, 10G–I, 25) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +NEPAL +: + +Makawanpur Dist. +, +Chitwan National Park +, +Machan Resort +[current Parsa Wildlife Reserve], +7°32′06″N +, +84°44′17″E +, + +270 m + +, on flowers of + +Mallotus +sp. + +, + +7–9 November 2005 + +, +T +. Yasunaga, +M +. Takai & +B +. Shishido ( +NMTU +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 378781 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: +5 males +, +3 females +, same data as for holotype ( +AMNH +, +TYCN +, +ZRC +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Euphorbialygus rufobrunneus + +, +new species +, is distinguished from + +E. nanglong + +, +new species +, by its larger size; densely distributed, micro-setae on pronotal collar; larger and triangular dark spot on cuneus; longer hypophysis and weakly inflated sensory lobe of left paramere; shorter flagellate lobal-sclerite on vesica; smaller paired process on posterior wall; and more densely distributed scaly microstructures on interramal lobe. + + + + +Description. +Body generally dark reddish brown, oval, comparatively large in size; dorsal surface weakly shining ( +Fig. 8A, C +). Head shiny brown, with sparsely distributed, short, semi-erect setae; jugum and lorum pale brown, partly suffused with red; clypeus dark brown. Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale reddish brown, with basal ⅓–½ darkened; antennomere II with pale basal ⅓–½ and basal dark ring; extreme base of antennomere III creamy yellow. Labium shiny pale brown, reaching but not exceeding apex of metacoxa; segment IV darkened. Pronotum shining, uniformly castaneous; collar densely furnished with micro-setae or pruinosity ( +Fig. 25B +) pleura pale brown; ventral margin of propleuron, posterior margin of mesepisternum and metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow; scutellum castaneous, without noticeable spot or macula ( +Fig. 8E +). Hemelytra weakly shining, reddish chocolate brown; cuneus sanguineous, with a dark, semi-circular spot contiguous to lateral margin (cf. +Fig. 8E, F +); membrane smoky brown, with pale red veins. All coxae and legs pale brown, partly suffused with red; apical part of each femur more or less darkened; each tarsomere III dark brown; pretarsal structures as in +Fig. 25G +. Abdomen pale brown, partly with reddish spots. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 9 +F−H, 25H–J): Hypophysis of left paramere stout, long ( +Fig. 9F +, +25I +). Vesical spicule thick, curved subapically; flagellate lobal-sclerite comparatively short ( +Fig. 9H +, +25J, K +). Female genitalia ( +Figs. 10 +G−I, 25L–O): Sclerotised rings relatively enlarged ( +Figs. 10G +, +25M +); anterior paired process on posterior wall weak, reduced ( +Fig. 25N +); interramal lobes narrow, with rather densely distributed scaly microstructures on distal half ( +Fig. 25O +). + + + +Fig. 11. Habitus images of + +Himalisundacoris +species + +from Sumatra and Sulawesi, Indonesia. A, B, + +H. palolo + +, +new species +, holotype male; C, D, ditto, female; E, F, + +H. takaii + +, +new species +, holotype male; G, H, + +H. schwartzi + +, +new species +, holotype male; I, J, ditto, female. + + + + +Fig. 12. Habitus images of + +Himalisundacoris +species + +from Bali, Indonesia (A–H) and + +Paralygocoris +species + +(H–L). A, B, + +H. omiae + +, +new species +, holotype male; C, D, ditto, female; E, F, + +H. theoi + +, +new species +, male; G, H, ditto, female; H, I. + +P. balicus + +, +new species +, male; J, ditto, female; K, L, + +P. meridionalis + +, female; M, N, + +P. vittulatus + +, male; O, ditto, female. + + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +From Latin, ‘rufo’ (or ‘ruber’ = red) + ‘brunneus’ (brown), referring to the general colouration of this new species; adjective. + + + + +Distribution. +Nepal +(Makawanpur District). + + + + +Biology. +All available specimens were collected by sweep-netting the inflorescences of + +Mallotus +sp. + +( +Euphorbiaceae +) ( +Fig. 8H +). No other information is currently available. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFAF3B1C16D9FC93FAA5FC61.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFAF3B1C16D9FC93FAA5FC61.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2eb16563e32 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFAF3B1C16D9FC93FAA5FC61.xml @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Euphorbialygus nanglong + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 8A–D, G +, +9 +A−E, 10A–F, 24) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +THAILAND +: + +Nakhon Nayok +: +Sarika +near +Nang Rong Waterfall +along stream, +14°19′39.5″N +101°19′07.4″E +, on inflorescences and flower buds of + +Homonoia riparia + +, + +31 December 2012 + +, +T +. Yasunaga ( +DOAT +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 378780 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: THAILAND: +3 males +, +7 females +, same data as for holotype ( +AMNH +, +TYCN +, +ZRC +); +1 male +, +Nakhon Ratchasima +, +Wang Nam Khiao +, +Sakaerat Environmental Research Station +, +14°30′27″N +, +101°55′39″E +, + +410 m + +alt., +UV + +lighting, +T +. + +Yasunaga, + +28 October 2008 + +( +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised by the characters mentioned in the generic diagnosis but can be distinguished from the other congener, + +E. rufobrunneus +, + +by its smaller size; apically situated, dark, ovoid spot on cuneus; shorter hypophysis and triangularly projected sensory lobe of left paramere; sharp, longer flagellate lobal-sclerite on vesica; distinct paired process on posterior wall; and sparsely distributed scaly microstructures on interramal lobe. The final (5th) instar immature form is recognised by its ovoid body shape; greyish dorsum speckled with reddish brown maculae; and antenna and leg with reddish brown annulations or spots ( +Fig. 8D +). + + + + +Description. +Body generally reddish brown or brick-red, oval, comparatively small; dorsal surface weakly shining ( +Fig. 8A, C +). Head shiny reddish brown, with sparsely distributed, short, semi-erect setae; jugum and lorum whitish; clypeus dark reddish brown ( +Fig. 8B +). Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale reddish brown, with basal ⅓–½ darkened; antennomere II with pale basal half and basal dark ring; extreme base of antennomere III creamy yellow. Labium shiny pale brown, reaching or slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa; base of segments III and almost whole IV darkened ( +Fig. 8B +). Pronotum shining, uniformly pale reddish brown; pleura reddish brown, partly speckled with reddish suffusions (but fading to uniformly pale brown in dry-preserved specimens); collar smooth, without micro-setae or pruinosity ( +Fig. 24B, C +); ventral margin of propleuron, posterior margin of mesepisternum and metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow; scutellum matte, with a pair of obscure maculae ( +Fig. 8A, C +). Hemelytra matte, with somewhat darkened apical part of clavus and inner part of corium; cuneus pale reddish brown, with a dark, circular spot at posterolateral margin; membrane smoky brown, tinged with red anteriorly, with pale veins. All coxae and legs pale brown, partly suffused with red; apical part of each femur more or less speckled with brown spots or maculae; each tarsomere III dark brown; pretarsal structures as in +Fig. 24H +. Abdomen pale reddish brown, partly with sanguineous spots. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 9 +A−E, 24I–K): Hypophysis of left paramere short, with hooked apex ( +Fig. 9A +). Vesical spicule relatively slender, weakly curved apically; flagellate lobal-sclerite long ( +Fig. 9E +, +24I +). Female genitalia ( +Figs. 10 +A−F, 24L–O): Sclerotised rings ovoid ( +Fig. 10E +); posterior wall with a pair of distinct processes anteriorly ( +Fig. 24N +); interramal lobes narrow, with sparsely distributed scaly microstructures on distal ⅓ ( +Fig. 24O +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named after the +type +locality, Nanglong ( +Nakhon Nayok +, +Thailand +); a noun in apposition. + + + + +Distribution. +Thailand +( +Nakhon Nayok +, +Nakhon Ratchasima +). + + + + +Biology. +In +Nakhon Nayok +, central +Thailand +, the adults including a few teneral (freshly emerging) individuals and final instar nymph ( +Fig. 8D +) were obtained from the inflorescence and flower-buds of + +Homonoia riparia +Lour. + +( +Euphorbiaceae +) along a stream ( +Fig. 8G +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB03B0316EBFED3FA88F921.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB03B0316EBFED3FA88F921.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0917e2302e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB03B0316EBFED3FA88F921.xml @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Chelyolygus wolskiorum + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1 +G−H, 3A−F, 23) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +THAILAND +: + +Nakhon Ratchasima +, +Wang Nam Khiao +, +Sakaerat Environmental Research Station +, +14°30′27″N +, +101°55′39″E +, + +410 m + +alt., +UV +lighting, +T +. +Yasunaga +, + +16 September 2008 + +( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00380777 +) ( +DOAT +) + +. + +Paratypes +: THAILAND: +Chiang Mai +, +Doi Suthep +, +Chiang Khian +, +Chiang Mai +Univ. Exp. Forest +, +18°50′N +98°54′E +, +light trap +, +S. Nagashima +, + +8–11 May 2000 + +( +TYCN +) + +; + +2 females +, +Nakhon Ratchasima +, +Wang Nam Khiao +, +Sakaerat Silvicultural Research Station +, +14°27′49.1″N +, +101°52′15.3″E +, sweeping inflorescence of a broadleaf tree, +T + +. + +Yasunaga +, + +26 September 2013 + + +, + +1 female +developed from 5th instar nymph and emerged on + +27 September 2013 + +( +TYCN +, +ZRC +) + +; + +1 female +, +Nakhon Ratchasima +, +Wang Nam Khiao +, +Sakaerat Environmental Research Station +, +14°30′27″N +, +101°55′39″E +, + +410 m + +alt., +UV + +lighting, +T +. + +Yasunaga +, + +24 January 2009 + +( +TYCN +). VIETNAM + +: + +1 male +, +Ha Tay Prov. +, +Ba Vi +, +T + +. + +Ishikawa +, + +29 July 2000 + +( +TUAK +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised readily by the following characters: Pale reddish brown (male)/ ivory brown (female) general colouration ( +Fig. 7A, B +); small size; darkened apex of clypeus; annulated antennomere I; dark, short stripes along veins on hemelytron; circular spot on mesial cuneus; and semi-circular dorsal structure and narrow, less-spinulate, subtriangular interramal lobe on posterior wall. + + + + +Description. +Body generally pale reddish brown (male)/ ivory brown (female) ( +Fig. 7A, B +), ovoid, small; dorsal surface shining, impunctate. Head shiny pale brown, with sparsely distributed, semi-erect setae; apical half of clypeus fuscous; vertex with basal transverse carina about as thick as pronotal collar ( +Fig. 23B +). Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale, with dark apex, sometimes weakly darkened at middle; antennomere II with pale basal ⅓ and more or less darkened base, longer than labium; extreme base of antennomere III creamy yellow. Labium shiny pale brown, reaching but not exceeding apex of metacoxa; apical half of segment IV reddish brown. Pronotum shining, uniformly pale brown, impunctate, with sparsely distributed, short, reclining setae ( +Fig. 23A, B +); calli sometimes with a pair of dark spots; pleura pale brown; metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, with small, semi-circular peritreme ( +Fig. 23D +); scutellum polished, with dark apex and a dark, narrow, mesal stripe in male ( +Fig. 7A +) or brown faint line in female ( +Fig. 7B +), impunctate, with uniformly distributed, short, semi-erect setae. Hemelytron shining, with unique striped pattern as in +Figs. 1G +, +5A, B +, with uniformly distributed, semi-erect or reclining setae ( +Fig. 23A, E +); cuneus usually with a dark, circular spot; membrane smoky brown. All coxae and legs pale brown; trochanters brown; each tarsomere III dark brown; pretarsal structures as in +Fig. 19G +; parempodia relatively long, lanceolate. Abdomen pale brown, partly infuscate. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 3 +A−D, 23H–K): Left paramere stout, C-shaped, with thick hypophysis ( +Figs. 3B +, +23I +); right paramere with short, tapered hypophysis ( +Fig. 3C +, +23J +). Vesica with two long, stout, weakly curved spicules ( +Fig. 3D +, +23K +). Female genitalia ( +Figs. 3E, F +, +23L–O +): Genital chamber narrow, with elongate-oval, thin-rimmed sclerotised rings that are relatively contiguous to each other mesally ( +Fig. 3E +); posterior wall simple, with a row of spines along posterior margin of interramal lobes and anterior interramal sclerite ( +Figs. 3F +, +23N, O +); dorsal structure small, sack-like; interramal lobes narrow, subtriangular, situated near lateral margins. + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named after my Polish colleague and friend, Andrzej Wolski (who regrettably passed away in +May 2024 +) and his wife Tamara; I was able to collect much material and confirm the immature forms of this new species while performing fieldwork in central +Thailand +with Andrzej and Tamara. + + + + +Distribution. +Thailand +( +Chiang Mai +, +Nakhon Ratchasima +), +Vietnam +(Ha Tay). + + + + +Biology. +A female adult ( +Fig. 7B +) and final instar immature form ( +Fig. 7C +, successfully developing into an adult female in captivity) were captured by sweep-netting the inflorescences of an undetermined evergreen broadleaf tree (possibly +Dipterocarpaceae +). Some adults (including the +holotype +male) were occasionally attracted to UV light at night. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB03B1C15E5FA73FE9DFE01.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB03B1C15E5FA73FE9DFE01.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e853788c693 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB03B1C15E5FA73FE9DFE01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Euphorbialygus + +, +new genus + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Euphorbialygus nanglong + +, +new species +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Euphorbialygus + +, +new genus +, is recognised primarily by the following characters: Ovoid body; castaneous or red-brown basic colouration; reduced basal transverse carina on vertex; dense silvery, lanceolate setae mixed with pale, simple setae on scutellum and hemelytra; rather matte hemelytra with darker spot at median to lateral parts of cuneus; and unique male and female genitalic structures as described below. Most similar in external appearance to + +Apolygopsis +Yasunaga, Schwartz & Chérot + +and +Apolygus + +China +, 1941 + +; the present new genus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: Basal transverse carina on vertex obliterated or slightly keeled; scutellum and hemelytron with densely distributed, silvery, lanceolate setae mixed with pale, simple setae; pale brown tibial spines; short, duck head shaped hypophysis of left paramere; tiny hypophysis of right paramere; three distinct long spicules on vesica; ovoid sclerotised rings that are mesally separated to each other; and simple form of posterior wall anteriorly with a pair of small, pointed processes between interramal lobes.. + + + + +Fig. 7. Habitus images and habitats (J, L) of + +Chelyolygus wolskiorum + +, +new species +(A–C), + +C. parsanus + +, +new species +(D), + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +, +new species +(E, F), + +Sabactiopus schuhi + +, +new species +(G, H) and + +S. sauteri + +(K). A, E, G, K, Adult male; B, D, F, H, I, adult female; C, final (5th) instar immature form; J, deciduous-broadleaf mixed forest with + +Urtica dioica + +, on which + +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +, +new species +, and + +Sabactiopus schuhi + +, +new species +, coexist (Lalitpur, Nepal); L, + +Styrax formosanus + +inflorescences, one of the breeding hosts of + +Sabactiopus sauteri + +(Nantou, Taiwan). + + + + +Description. +Body oval, relatively small ( +3.2–4.2 mm +in total length); general colouration reddish brown or castaneous; dorsal surface weakly shining, partly matte, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae and densely distributed, silvery, lanceolate setae ( +Figs. 24E +, +25E +); significant sexual dimorphism not recognisable. +Head: +Vertical ( +Figs. 24B +, +25A +); eyes large; vertex narrow, weakly concaved mesially, lacking basal transverse carina; clypeus almost flat. +Antenna: +Almost linear, slightly shorter than body, generally slender, not incrassate; antennomere I reddish brown, with darkened basal half; antennomeres II–IV dark brown; antennomere II with pale reddish basal half and darkened extreme base, slightly longer (male)/ shorter (female) than basal width of pronotum; antennomeres III and IV filiform. +Labium: +Relatively slender, reaching but not exceeding apex of metacoxa, slightly shorter than metafemur. +Thorax: +Pronotum shining, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae, sparsely and shallowly punctate, without silvery setae; calli weakly demarcated; collar flat, about as thick as antennomere III, with sparse, short, upright setae; scutellum pale brown, shallowly and transversely rugose; pleura pale brown; metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, subtriangular, with narrow, somewhat convex peritreme ( +Figs. 24C +, +25G +). +Hemelytron: +Weakly shining, matte, with uniformly distributed, minute, circular punctures and with both pale simple setae and silvery setae; cuneus more or less suffused with red. +Legs: +Pale brown; each femur with several obscure annulations; tibial spines pale reddish brown, rather short; meta-tarsomere I about half as long as II or III; parempodia lanceolate. +Male genitalia: +Left paramere L-shaped, with developed, with elongate hypophysis terminated in apical hook; right paramere almost straight, with tiny hypophysis; vesica with two spicules and a flagellate lobal-sclerite; seminal duct weakly inflated apically; secondary gonopore circular; phallotheca smooth. +Female genitalia +: Sclerotised rings oval, thick-rimmed, separated from each other mesially; posterior wall relatively simple in form, anteriorly with a pair of small, pointed processes between interramal lobes, lacking dorsal structure nor lateral lobe; interramal lobe narrow, with sparsely distributed, scaly microstructures along posterior margin. + + + + +Fig. 8. Habitus images and habitats (G, H) of + +Euphorbialygus nanglong + +, +new species +from Nakhon Nayok, Thailand (A–D, G) and + +E. rufobrunneus + +, +new species +from Chitwan National Park, Nepal (E, F, H). A, B, Male; C, E, F, female; D, 5th instar nymph; G, + +Homonoia riparia + +; H, + +Mallotus +sp. + + + + + +Fig. 9. Male genitalia of + +Euphorbialygus nanglong + +, +new species +(A–E) and + +E. rufobrunneus + +, +new species +(F–H). A, B, F, left paramere; C, D, G, right paramere; E, H, vesica. Scale bars 0.2 mm. + + + + +Fig. 10. Female genitalia of + +Euphorbialygus nanglong + +, +new species +(A–F) and + +E. rufobrunneus + +, +new species +(G–I). A, Genital chamber with ovipositors (gonapophyses II), ventral view; C, G, genital chamber, ventral view; D, ditto, dorsal view; E, sclerotised ring; F, I, posterior wall, anterior view; apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I). Scale bars 0.2 mm. + + + + +Etymology. +Named for the plant associations of the known congeners with +Euphorbiaceae +broadleaf angiosperms, combined with the mirine generic name + +Lygus +Hahn + +; gender masculine. + + + + +Discussion. +Judging from the patterns of vesical sclerites, + +Euphorbialygus + +, +new genus +, appears to be related to + +Apolygopsis +Yasunaga, Schwartz & Chérot + +and +Apolygus +China +. Nonetheless, presence of the silvery, lanceolate setae on the dorsum and the form of the female genitalia (e.g., ovoid, mesally separated sclerotised rings and wider interramal lobes on posterior wall) in + +Euphorbialygus + +, +new genus +, are evidently different from those of the two known genera. + + + +Euphorbialygus + +, +new genus +, currently comprises two thermophilic members, associated with +Euphorbiaceae +hosts and distributed in the southern foothills of the Himalayas and Indochina. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB53B05158BFC13FF51FD41.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB53B05158BFC13FF51FD41.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..359c0b60bbd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB53B05158BFC13FF51FD41.xml @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Chelyolygus parsanus + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 4 +F−J, 5E−H, 21H–O, 22A–D) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +NEPAL +: + +Makawanpur Dist. +: +Chitwan National Park +, +Machan Resort +[current Parsa Wildlife Reserve], +27°32′06″N +, +84°44′17″E +, + +270 m + +, on flowers of + +Mallotus +sp. + +, +T +. +Yasunaga, M +. Takai & +B. Shishido +, + +7–9 November 2005 + +( +NMTU +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378792 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: + +NEPAL +: + +2 males +, +8 females +, same data as for holotype ( +TYCN +, +ZRC +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Chelyolygus parsanus + +, +new species +, is most closely related to + +C. fuhoshoensis + +but can be distinguished by the characters mentioned in the above key and the following characters: Relatively smaller body with shorter antennomere II, labium and metafemur; paler maculae on scutellum and hemelytron; shorter hypophysis of left paramere ( +Figs. 5F +, +22A +); generally shorter vesical spicules ( +Figs. 5H +, +22B +); smaller sclerotised rings ( +Fig. 4J +); and posterior wall with narrower dorsal structure and sparse spinules on anterior interramal sclerite ( +Fig. 22C, D +). + + + + +Description. +Body generally stramineous brown, ovoid, moderate in size; dorsal surface shining, with brown to dark brown stripes and maculae as in +Figs. 4F, G +, +7D +. Head shiny pale brown, with sparsely distributed, short, semi-erect setae; clypeus fuscous; vertex with basal transverse carina concaved mesad, about as thick as pronotal collar ( +Fig. 21J +). Antenna pale brown; antennomere I with dark apex; apical ¼–⅓ of antennomere II darkened; antennomeres III and IV dark brown, except for pale base of antennomere III. Labium shiny pale brown, reaching but not exceeding middle of metacoxa; apical part of segment IV dark reddish brown. Pronotum shiny pale brown, with sparsely distributed, short, reclining setae and minute punctures ( +Fig. 21I, J +); calli usually with a pair of dark spots; pleura pale brown; metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, with small, triangular peritreme ( +Fig. 21L +); scutellum polished, with brown mesal stripe and dark apex, finely and shallowly punctate, with uniformly distributed, short, semi-erect setae ( +Fig. 21I +). Hemelytron shining, stramineous brown, with striped pattern as in +Figs. 4F, G +, +7D +, with uniformly distributed, semi-erect or reclining setae ( +Fig. 21H +); apex of cuneus narrowly brown; membrane pale smoky brown. All coxae and legs pale brown; metafemur apically with two brown rings; apex of each tarsomere III dark brown; pretarsal structures as in +Fig. 21N +; parempodia relatively short, narrow. Abdomen pale brown. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 5 +E−H, 21O, 22A, B): Left paramere stout, L-shaped, with short hypophysis ( +Figs. 5F +, +22A +); right paramere with short, tapered hypophysis ( +Fig. 5G +). Vesica with two apically tapered spicules ( +Fig. 5H +, +22B +, +1–2 +); lobal-sclerite ( +Fig. 5H +, +3 +) relatively short. Female genitalia ( +Figs. 4I, J +, +22C, D +): sclerotised rings elongate ovoid, narrow ( +Fig. 4J +); ovipositor (gonapophysis I) as in +Fig. 4I +; posterior wall with small, rounded dorsal structure and sparse spinules on anterior interramal sclerite ( +Fig. 22C, D +). + + + +Fig. 4. Habitus images (A–C, F–H) and female genitalia (D, E, I, J) of + +Chelyolygus fuhoshoensis + +(A–E) and + +C. parsanus + +, +new species +(F–J). A, B, F, G, Male; C, H, female; D, I, ovipositor (gonapophysis I); E, J, genital chamber with sclerotised rings and adjacent structures. + + + + +Fig. 5. Male genitalia of + +Chelyolygus fuhoshoensis + +(A–D) and + +C. parsanus + +, +new species +(E–H). A, E, Genital segment (pygophore) in dorsal (A) and ventral (E) views; B, F, left paramere; C, G, right paramere; D, H, vesica. Scale bars 0.2 mm. + + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named for the +type +locality, Parsa Nature Reserve in S. +Nepal +; adjective. + + + + +Distribution. +Nepal +(Makawanpur District). + + + + +Biology. +This new species was found to co-occur with + +Euphorbialygus rufobrunneus + +, +new species +, on inflorescence of + +Mallotus +sp. + +( +Fig. 8H +). However, no immature form was confirmed. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB63B0315A0FF53FF65FC42.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB63B0315A0FF53FF65FC42.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0c3fbc283a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB63B0315A0FF53FF65FC42.xml @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Chelyolygus virgulatellus + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 6 +, +22J–O +) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +SINGAPORE +: + +Windsor Nature Park +, +Trail +along +Island Club Road +, sweeping flowers of a broadleaf tree, +1°21′25.5″N +103°49′06.0″E +, +T +. +Yasunaga +, + +16 August 2023 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378779 +) + +. +Paratype +: SINGAPORE: + +1 male +, same data as for holotype ( +TYCN +) + +; + +1 female +, same locality, + +on + +Nephelium lappaceum + + +(rambutan) tree, +1°21′32.3″N +103°49′35.6″E +, + +18 March 2024 + +, +E. H. Yep +( +ZRC +_ +BDP0372659 +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised by the following characters: Widely pale olive-green general colouration ( +Fig. 7A, C, F +); small size; pale base of antennomeres I and II; brown, narrow, continuous stripes along veins on hemelytron; small, sharply pointed hypophysis of right paramere; and presence of two additional lobal-sclerites on vesica, in addition to the characters mentioned in the key. + + + + +Description. +Body generally pale olive green (fading to yellowish in dry-preserved specimen as in +Fig. 6F, G +), small, stout, tortoise-shaped ( +Fig. 6A, F +); dorsal surface shining, shallowly and minutely punctate, with uniformly distributed, pale, short, semi-erect setae. Head shiny pale green ( +Fig. 6D +); vertex about as wide as an eye in dorsal view, with narrow, continuous basal transverse carina; apical ¼ of clypeus infuscate ( +Fig. 6E +). Antenna dark brown; antennomere I pale brown, with fuscous apex and slightly darkened basal ⅓; antennomere II with pale base, about as long as labium, slightly shorter than basal width of pronotum. Labium pale reddish brown, slightly exceeding apex of mesocoxa; apical half of segment IV infuscate ( +Fig. 6C, F +). Pronotum shiny pale olive; calli pale green; thoracic pleura and scutellum creamy yellow, partly tinged with green; metathoracic scent efferent system as in + +Fig. +22L + +. Hemelytra pale olive-brown, with dark, narrow, continuous stripes along veins and sutures, on clavus, corium and exocorium (embolium); apical inner corner of corium (or paracuneus) with brown, U-shaped macula; apex of cuneus narrowly darkened; membrane smoky brown, with pale veins. All coxae and legs pale creamy brown; metafemur with two brown apical rings that are interrupted posteriad; tibial spines reddish brown, each with a brown small spot; apical half of each tarsomere III dark brown; pretarsal structure as in +Fig. 22O +; parempodia relatively long and wide. Ventral surface of abdomen uniformly pale olive green. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 6H–J +, +22M +): Pygophore with triangular projection at base of left paramere ( +Fig. 22M +); right paramere with short, pointed hypophysis ( +Fig. 4H +); left paramere C-shaped, with rather elongate process on apex of hypophysis ( +Fig. 4I +). Vesica with two stout lobal sclerites in addition to two slender, weakly curved spicules ( +Fig. 4J +). Female genitalia: Not examined. + + + +Fig. 6. Habitus images of + +Chelyolygus virgulatellus + +, +new species +, living (A, B, D) or fresh (C–E) and dry-preserved specimens (F, G), and male genitalia (H–J) of holotype male (A–C, I, J) and paratype female (F, G). H, Right paramere; I, left paramere; J, vesica. Images (F, G) courtesy of Mr. E. H. Yap. + + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +From Latin ‘virgulatus’ (= striped) with diminutive suffix, referring to stripes on hemelytra of this new species; an adjective. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +(tropical rainforest zone). + + + + +Biology. +Two male +(one teneral) adult individuals were collected by sweeping inflorescences of a broadleaf tree, most probably identical to + +Claoxylon indicum +(Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk. + +( +Euphorbiaceae +) (Yap EH, pers. comm.). The female specimen was found from a rambutan tree, + +Nephelium lappaceum + +L. ( +Sapindaceae +). No other information is currently available. The collection records suggest + +C. virgulatellus + +, +new species +, has two or more generations per year. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB63B0516EEFFD3FBB7FDC1.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB63B0516EEFFD3FBB7FDC1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..43c0ebeb8f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB63B0516EEFFD3FBB7FDC1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Chelyolygus tabananicus + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1A, B +, +2 +F−H, 20G–O) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: female, + +INDONESIA +: + +Bali +, +Tabanan +, +Bedugul Area +, +8°16′S +, +115°09′E +, local collector, + +8–12 August 1996 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378778 +). + + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is currently known only by a single female specimen and recognised readily by the following characters: Pale ivory brown general colouration; relatively large size; weak basal transverse carina on vertex; darkened apex of clypeus, annulated antennomere I; dark, short, interrupted stripes along veins on hemelytra; and semi-circular dorsal structure and narrow, less-spinulate, subtriangular interramal lobe on posterior wall. + + + + + +Description. +Holotype +female + +: Body generally pale ivory brown ( +Fig. 1A, B +); dorsal surface shining, impunctate, with sparsely distributed, pale, short, reclining setae. Head shiny creamy brown; basal carina on vertex reduced, flat; apex of clypeus and ventral half of buccula infuscate. Antenna dark brown, relatively short; antennomere I pale brown, with obscure basal half and darkened extreme apex; antennomere II pale basal half (except for dark base), shorter than basal width of pronotum; base of antennomere III pale. Labium pale reddish brown, reaching apex of metacoxa; apical ¼ of segment IV darkened. Pronotum polished, with a pair of small, circular spots on calli; collar about as thick as base of antennomere II; thoracic pleura milky brown; metathoracic scent efferent system as in +Fig. 20I +; scutellum shining, tinged with red at apex. Hemelytra with rather uniformly distributed, short, reclining setae; clavus and corium with dark, short, fragmentary stripes; paracuneus with a dark, small spot; apex of cuneus fuscous; membrane pale greyish brown, semi-transparent, with brown veins. All coxae and legs pale brown; metafemur with two brown, apical rings that are obliterated posteriad; tibia with small dark spots at bases of spines; apical part of each tarsomere III dark brown; pretarsal structure as in +Fig. 20K +. Abdomen pale brown, speckled with reddish brown ventrally. Female genitalia (2F−H, 20L–O): Sclerotised rings ovoid, rather small, separated to each other mesally ( +Figs. 2F +, +20L +); Posterior wall with a row of spines on anterior part of interramal sclerite interrupted mesally ( +Figs. 2G +, +20M +); dorsal structure wide, semi-circular, with densely distributed spinules ( +Fig. 20N, O +); interramal lobe small, subtriangular ( +Figs. 2G +, +20M +). +Male +: Unknown. + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named for the +type +locality, Tabanan District of +Bali +Island; adjective. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +( +Bali +Island). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0815FFF813FBADF86A.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0815FFF813FBADF86A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2f5ec9955d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0815FFF813FBADF86A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,866 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Chelyolygus cheroti +, + +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1 +C−F, 3G−L, 19) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: male, + +INDONESIA +: + +Bali +, +Tabanan +, +Bedugul Area +, +8°16′S +, +115°09′E +, local collector, + +8–12 August 1996 + +( +ZRC +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378776 +) + +. + +Paratypes +: + +INDONESIA + +: +2 males +, +1 female +, same data as for holotype ( +AMNH +, +TYCN +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is recognised primarily by the following characters: Dark general colouration ( +Fig. 1C–F +); medium size; widely darkened apical parts of antennomeres I and II; dark mesal stripe on scutellum; widely fuscous hemelytra; partly striped anterior clavus; distinctly bifurcate hypophysis of right paramere ( +Fig. 3H +) with a thumb-like process at apex of sensory lobe ( +Fig. 17J +); two slender, weakly curved spicules on vesica; ovoid, rather enlarged, thick-rimmed sclerotised rings relatively contiguous to each other mesally ( +Figs. 3K +, +13M +); wide, flat dorsal structure; and relatively wide, subtriangular interramal lobe on posterior wall ( +Figs. 3L +, +13N–O +). + + +Table 1. Measurements for the species treated. Abbreviations — F: female, FM: femur, HO: holotype, L: length, LBM: labium, M: + + +male; PRN: pronotum, PA: +paratype +, TB: tibia, VTX: vertex (interocular space), W: width. Bold letters showing new taxa; *shrinking antennomere IV. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Body + +Head + +VTX + +PRN + +Max + +Antennomere L + +LBM + +Metaleg L +
+L + +W + +W + +W + +W + +I + +II + +III + +IV + +L + +FM + +TB +
+ +Chelyolygus cheroti + +HO-M PA-M PA-M4.17 3.87 4.411.03 1.01 1.020.32 0.30 0.321.64 1.53 1.521.94 2.12 1.950.62 0.63 0.621.79 1.80 1.800.89 0.75 0.870.62 0.63 0.651.95 1.98 2.151.67 1.61 1.672.40 2.30 2.37
PA-F4.661.050.411.792.220.621.740.900.721.971.652.55
+ +C. parsanus + +M M F F F3.72 3.80 3.87 3.99 4.090.92 0.96 0.98 0.96 0.960.26 0.29 0.32 0.33 0.321.41 1.50 1.64 1.52 1.501.67 1.73 1.77 1.73 1.820.45 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.451.47 1.62 1.40 1.41 1.350.78 – – 0.92 0.75– – – 0.65 0.481.35 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.381.35 – 1.62 1.52 1.502.10 – 2.25 2.12 2.10
+ +C. tabananicus + +HO-F4.291.070.381.802.240.531.560.870.561.671.652.48
+ +C. virgulatellus + +HO-M PA-M3.45 3.430.96 0.950.30 0.291.49 1.491.73 1.670.53 0.531.47 1.470.86 0.800.48 0.481.46 1.471.49 1.491.97 2.07
+ +C. wolskiorum + +HO-M PA-M PA-M PA-F PA-F PA-F3.19 3.50 3.19 4.14 3.43 4.170.98 0.96 0.93 0.99 0.95 0.990.26 0.26 0.24 0.33 0.30 0.321.37 1.37 1.46 1.67 1.50 1.651.55 1.53 1.64 1.86 1.82 1.880.47 0.48 0.47 0.51 0.45 0.471.50 1.49 1.47 1.56 1.37 1.400.81 0.87 – 0.89 0.81 0.830.59 – – 0.54 – –1.44 1.37 1.37 1.65 1.49 1.441.47 1.47 1.38 1.55 1.47 1.582.06 2.10 2.07 2.10 2.01 2.13
+ +C. bipuncticollis + +M4.051.090.381.561.920.581.730.77–1.561.572.11
+ +C. fuhoshoensis + +M M F F HO-M PA-M4.17 4.26 3.97 4.12 3.26 3.581.01 0.99 1.02 1.04 0.90 0.960.27 0.29 0.35 0.32 0.19 0.181.55 1.56 1.65 1.67 1.25 1.401.74 1.82 1.94 1.83 1.43 1.550.53 0.51 0.53 0.48 0.45 0.471.62 1.68 1.53 1.44 1.40 1.500.84 1.04 0.90 0.89 0.78 0.810.51 0.57 0.56 0.57 0.54 0.561.40 1.47 1.49 1.49 1.32 1.351.53 1.59 1.62 1.50 1.35 1.522.16 2.25 2.25 2.19 1.92 2.10
+ +Euphorbialygus nanglong + +PA-M PA-F PA-F PA-F HO-M PA-M3.43 3.80 4.04 3.87 3.43 3.530.95 0.89 0.93 0.89 0.90 0.870.20 0.27 0.29 0.27 0.18 0.201.37 1.37 1.49 1.49 1.34 1.311.56 1.65 1.79 1.76 1.53 1.500.45 0.48 0.50 0.45 0.49 0.451.43 1.34 1.47 1.35 1.47 1.350.80 0.86 0.92 0.78 0.87 0.840.53 0.57 0.57 0.51 0.62 0.601.31 1.38 1.38 1.34 1.32 1.291.38 1.43 1.53 1.46 1.35 1.381.95 1.95 2.18 2.07 1.94 1.95
+ +E. rufobrunneus + +PA-M PA-F PA-F HO-M PA-M3.50 4.12 4.17 4.17 3.680.89 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.900.21 0.30 0.30 0.26 0.291.34 1.56 1.53 1.70 1.621.55 1.92 1.85 2.10 1.850.47 0.51 0.48 0.60 0.571.44 1.50 1.38 1.55 1.460.81 0.89 0.90 0.95 0.860.50 0.50 – 0.72 0.751.34 1.41 1.47 1.65 1.381.46 1.59 1.53 1.65 1.502.00 2.22 2.22 2.25 2.10
+ +Himalisundacoris duwalae + +PA-M PA-F PA-F PA-F HO-M3.87 3.92 4.21 4.31 3.720.92 0.92 0.93 0.95 0.930.27 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.261.67 1.80 1.88 1.82 1.501.88 1.98 2.15 2.13 1.730.57 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.681.50 1.59 1.61 1.52 1.800.92 0.90 0.96 0.89 –– 0.74 0.72 – –1.55 1.50 1.55 1.52 1.431.55 1.53 1.74 1.65 1.582.24 2.25 2.33 2.37 2.25
+ +H. omiae + +PA-F PA-F4.41 4.170.96 0.930.32 0.331.68 1.701.98 1.880.68 0.631.65 1.651.05 1.080.86 0.901.55 1.551.79 1.652.40 2.40
+ +H. palolo + +HO-M PA-F3.55 3.680.86 0.930.27 0.321.31 1.581.65 1.950.60 0.691.50 1.670.80 0.980.77 0.831.65 1.581.35 1.581.95 2.21
+ +H. schwartzi + +HO-M PA-F4.02 3.720.90 0.870.26 0.301.40 1.501.58 1.700.63 0.721.67 1.400.95 0.990.90 0.651.88 1.501.46 1.532.25 2.24
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Body + +Head + +VTX + +PRN + +Max + +Antennomere L + +LBM + +Metaleg L +
+L + +W + +W + +W + +W + +I + +II + +III + +IV + +L + +FM + +TB +
+ +H. takaii + +HO-M3.920.900.271.531.830.591.520.870.861.651.502.28
HO-M PA-M3.19 3.430.89 0.870.27 0.271.46 1.461.59 1.620.74 0.721.53 1.531.08 1.130.57 0.751.46 1.501.65 1.582.30 2.28
+ +H. theoi + +PA-M PA-F3.31 3.990.84 0.930.27 0.351.35 1.761.50 1.890.65 0.661.46 1.401.07 1.040.63 0.651.49 1.681.49 1.642.22 2.40
PA-F HO-M PA-M3.68 4.41 4.700.92 1.07 1.050.33 0.29 0.291.64 1.50 1.521.83 1.65 1.640.66 0.60 0.621.49 2.07 2.121.13 1.20 1.230.75 0.52* 0.621.55 1.50 1.491.76 1.80 1.822.51 2.73 2.73
+ +Paralygocoris balicus + +PA-M PA-F4.58 4.951.05 1.100.28 0.391.52 1.791.67 1.980.60 0.632.10 2.091.17 1.220.49* 0.651.53 1.531.82 1.972.70 3.00
PA-F PA-F4.43 5.021.05 1.100.33 0.361.65 1.701.82 1.970.62 0.601.95 1.981.23 1.230.62 0.721.56 1.581.91 1.862.96 2.85
+ +P. meridionalis + +F (Thai)4.661.080.391.591.680.621.951.290.52*1.351.852.82
F4.751.070.361.551.650.721.951.35–1.371.852.90
(Malaya) F (Malaya)4.831.080.381.651.730.721.981.400.841.371.952.87
+ +P. vittulatus + +M4.971.050.281.621.940.722.101.340.721.801.852.85
M M F5.02 4.90 5.641.08 1.07 1.090.29 0.27 0.341.71 1.70 1.831.95 1.95 2.100.71 0.69 0.722.12 2.19 2.071.35 1.37 1.350.68 0.71 0.661.82 1.73 1.911.92 1.88 2.042.97 2.85 3.03
F5.191.070.361.802.090.681.951.280.691.891.912.85
+ +Sabactiopus schuhi + +HO-M3.110.780.261.351.590.441.310.750.721.37––
PA-M PA-M PA-F3.16 3.43 3.550.83 0.80 0.830.26 0.24 0.301.41 1.35 1.551.64 1.59 1.800.45 0.45 0.451.41 1.31 1.310.77 0.75 0.860.63 – 0.711.32 1.38 1.53– 1.20 1.50– 1.95 2.10
+ + + +Description. +Body widely darkened posteriorly, with remaining parts pale brown or pale orange brown, oval, tortoise-shaped ( +Fig. 1 +C−F); dorsum shining, with uniformly and rather sparsely distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae on hemelytron ( +Fig. 19E +). Head shiny pale brown or orange brown, with fuscous clypeus ( +Fig. 1D, F +); lorum and buccula slightly darkened; vertex about as wide as an eye in dorsal view, with basal transverse carina about as thick as pronotal collar ( +Fig. 19A +). Antenna dark brown; basal ¼–⅓ of antennomere I, and bases of II and III usually pale brown; antennomere II shorter than labium. Labium shiny pale brown, partly suffused with red, reaching or slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa ( +Fig. 1D, F +). Pronotum shining, polished, widely pale brown, with a pair of dark spots on calli, sparsely bearing short, semi-erect setae laterally; pleura pale brown; metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, rather rounded ( +Fig. 19D +); scutellum broadly striped mesally, smooth, nearly flat, with sparsely distributed, pale, short, reclining setae ( +Fig. 19E +). Hemelytron shining, widely darkened posteriorly; anterior clavus and corium with striped pattern; apical half of cuneus yellowish brown; membrane pale smoky brown. All coxae and legs pale brown, partly tinged with red; trochanters and legs creamy yellow; metafemur chocolate brown, except for pale extreme base; all tarsi more or less darkened; pretarsal structures as in +Fig. 17G +; parempodia wide. Abdomen fuscous, except for male genital segment (pygophore) pale reddish brown. Male genitalia ( +Figs. 3G–J +, +19H–K +): Left paramere rather L-shaped ( +Figs. 3G +, +19G +); right paramere with bifurcate hypophysis ( +Fig. 3H +) and a thumb-like process at apex of sensory lobe ( +Fig. 19J +). Vesica with two slender, relatively shirt, weakly curved spicules ( +Fig. 3I +). Female genitalia ( +Figs. 3K, L +, +19M–O +): Genital chamber with ovoid, rather enlarged, thick-rimmed sclerotised rings that are relatively contiguous to each other mesally ( +Figs. 3K +, +19M +); posterior wall with wide, flat dorsal structure; and relatively wide, subtriangular interramal lobe ( +Figs. 3L +, +19N, O +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named after Dr. Frédéric Chérot, an eminent Belgian heteropterist and miridologist; a noun in the genitive case. + + + + +Distribution. +Indonesia +( +Bali +). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0A168CF81EFB2AFA81.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0A168CF81EFB2AFA81.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d40b1caed84 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0A168CF81EFB2AFA81.xml @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Chelyolygus bipuncticollis +( +Poppius, 1915 +) + +, +new combination + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1I, J +, +2 +A−D, 20A–F) + + + + + + + +Lygus bipuncticollis +Poppius, 1915: 25 + + +. + + + + + +Lygocoris +( +Neolygus +) +bipuncticollis + +: + +Lu & Zheng, 1998: 186 + +(new combination). + + + + + +Neolygus bipuncticollis + +: + +Zheng et al., 2004: 388 + +(new combination, redescription). + + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype + +: +Male +, + +TAIWAN +: + +Kankau +( +Koshun +) [= currently Hengchun of +Pingtung +Co., +22°00′N +, +120°45′E +], +H. Sauter +, + +July 1912 + +(deposited in +Senckenberg German Entomological Institute +) [image examined] + +. + +Additional material: + +TAIWAN +: + +1 male +, +Pingtung +Co., +Kenting National Park +, +Xianglin Village +, +Badenixi Stream +, +22°02′N +120°50′E +, +J. F. Tsai +, + +25 December 2012 + +( +NMNS +) ( +AMNH +_ +PBI 00378775 +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +This new species is currently known by +two male +specimens mentioned above and recognised readily by the following characters: Orange-yellow basic colouration; oily-shiny, highly polished, impunctate and hairless dorsum ( +Fig. 20A +) with characteristic fuscous spots or maculae on pronotum, scutellum and hemelytron ( +Fig. 1I, J +); fully darkened clypeus; darkened apical ¼ of pale antennomere I; and unique form of male genitalia as described below. Further external features were described by +Poppius (1915) +and images of the +holotype +male are available on a database ( +National Museum of Natural Science, 2023 +). The male genitalia are herein described for the first time, but the female is yet to be found. + + + + +Description. +Male genitalia ( +Fig. 2A–H +): Left paramere C-shaped, similar in general shape to that of + +Apolygopsis +species + +(but apex of hypophysis lacking lateral process) ( +Fig. 2D, E +); right paramere with bifurcate hypophysis ( +Fig. 2G, H +) and apical protuberance on sensory lobe ( +Fig. 2F +). Vesica with two stout spicules and small, rounded secondary gonopore ( +Fig. 2A–C +). + + +Measurements. +See +Table 1 +. + + + + +Distribution. +Taiwan +( +Pingtung +). + + + + +Biology. +Unknown. + + + + +Remarks. +This Taiwanese taxon has been regarded as a member of the speciose Holarctic genus + +Neolygus + +since the treatment by +Zheng et al. (2004) +. However, the present examination on the surface structures and male genitalia warrants its placement in + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus +. For instance, the highly polished, nearly glabrous dorsal surface is not exhibited in + +Neolygus + +, and the principal morphology of the male and female genitalia is significantly different between the two genera (cf. +Yasunaga, 1991 +, 2023, 2024; +Yasunaga et al., 2018 +). Based on these morphological evidences, a new combination, + +Chelyolygus bipuncticollis +(Poppius) + +, is herein established. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0A16BDFC73FCB1FA9C.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0A16BDFC73FCB1FA9C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..01b29b956b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFB93B0A16BDFC73FCB1FA9C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + +Key to species of + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus + + + + + + + + +1. Scutellum with a dark, broad, median stripe in whole length; posterior part of corium uniformly fuscous ( +Fig. 1C, E +); +Indonesia +( +Bali +) ................................... + +C. cheroti + +, +new species + + + + +– Scutellum pale, or with a triangular mark anteriorly ( +Fig. 1E +) or with faint, brown, narrow, mesal stripe ( +Fig. 1G +); posterior part of corium with noticeable pale portions .........................2 + + + + + + +2. Basic colouration pale orange-brown ( +Fig. 1I, J +); both pronotum and hemelytra almost glabrous, very shiny; basal half of cuneus fuscous; +Taiwan +( +Pingtung +) ...................................................... ............... + +C. bipuncticollis +( +Poppius, 1915 +) + +, +new combination + + + +– Basic colouration pale brown, or milky- or ivory-brown; pronotum and/or hemelytra setose; base of cuneus always pale (median part of cuneus sometimes darkened)........................3 + + + + +3. Apex of scutellum and inner margin of clavus (at least anterior half) infuscate..........................................................................4 + + +– Entire scutellum and inner margin of clavus pale.................6 + + + + + +4. Base of antennomere II darkened; cuneus sometimes with a circular spot medially ( +Fig. 7A, B +); Indochina ( +Thailand +and +Vietnam +) ...................................... + +C. wolskiorum + +, +new species + + + +– Base of antennomere II pale; cuneus entirely pale, sometimes with obscure inner margin ......................................................5 + + + + + +5. Male antennomere II dark brown, with pale basal ¼–¼ ( +Fig. 4A, B +); female metafemur shorter than basal width of pronotum; +Taiwan +.... + +C. fuhoshoensis +( +Poppius, 1915 +) + +, +new combination + + + + +– Male antennomere II pale brown, with darkened apical ¼–⅓ ( +Fig. 4F, G +); female metafemur equal in length to basal width of pronotum; +Nepal +(lowland) ........ + +C. parsanus + +, +new species + + + + + + +6. Dorsum with clear striped pattern; base of antennomere II pale ( +Fig. 6B, F +); corium and clavus with brown, narrow, continuous stripes along wing veins and fractures ( +Fig. 6A, F +); +Singapore +.............................. + +C. virgulatellus + +, +new species + + + + +– Dorsum widely whitish, without clear striped pattern; base of antennomere II darkened; corium and clavus with greyish brown, interrupted, fragmentary stripes ( +Fig. 1A +); +Bali +.......... .................................................... + +C. tabananicus + +, +new species + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFBC3B0A171CF9D3FD86FF21.xml b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFBC3B0A171CF9D3FD86FF21.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..10a98b32568 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B2/87/03B2879FFFBC3B0A171CF9D3FD86FF21.xml @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ + + + +New genera and species of the ‘ Lygus-complex’ ranging from the Himalaya-Oriental to the Wallacea region (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) + + + +Author + +Yasunaga, Tomohide + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +72 + + +371 +423 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0030 +2345-7600 +14682946 +1F1754CC-6835-4B66-AB5C-FA22AC85D481 + + + + + + + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Chelyolygus wolskiorum + +, +new species +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus +, can be distinguished from other members of the + +Lygus + +-complex by the following combination of characters: Body relatively small ( +3.1–4.7 in +total length), ovoid to disk-like, tortoise-shaped; basic colouration variable, pale ivory white to fuscous ( +Figs. 1 +, +6A, F +, +7A, B, D +); dorsum shining, smooth, with sparsely (usually uniformly on hemelytra) distributed, simple, short setae, lacking noticeable puncture; vertex with flat, continuous basal transverse carina that is about as thick as pronotal collar; pronotum oily and shiny, sometimes nearly glabrous; parameres stout, with developed and often bifurcated apical parts of hypophyses; vesica with two distinct spicules; sclerotised rings oval, small, separated to each other mesally; posterior wall with a row of spinules on anterior interramal sclerite and with small dorsal structure and interramal lobes. + + + + +Description. +Body small to moderate in size, ovoid to disk-like, tortoise-shaped, not sexually dimorphic in general shape but pattern in male sometimes darker; basic colouration varying from ivory white to widely fuscous; dorsal surface shining, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, semi-erect setae but partly glabrous in some species. +Head: +Smooth, shining, rather vertical in lateral view, almost glabrous; eyes contiguous to anterior margin of pronotal collar; vertex weakly sulcate mesally, with flat, continuous basal transverse carina that is about as thick as pronotal collar. +Antenna: +Shorter than body, almost linear; antennomeres I and II always with dark apices (or apical parts), about as thick as protibia; antennomere II in female shorter than basal width of pronotum; antennomeres III and IV filiform. +Labium: +Relatively long and slender, reaching or slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa. +Thorax: +Pronotum polished, inflated, with sparsely distributed, short, reclining setae, lacking noticeable punctures, in some species glabrous; calli with a pair of dark spots, flat, not clearly demarcated; collar narrow; propleuron not margined nor carinate; metathoracic scent efferent system subtriangular, ovoid dorsally, with narrow, more or less produced peritreme; scutellum polished, flat. +Hemelytron: +Shining, variable in colour but as a rule with striped pattern on clavus and corium, almost impunctate, declivous at cuneal fracture, usually with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, reclining setae; lateral margin of exocorium (embolium) rounded. +Legs: +Moderate in length; meta-tarsomere III longer than I or II; pretarsal structures as in +Figs. 19G +, +20D, E, K +; parempodia usually short, with thick bases. +Male genitalia: +Pygophore relatively short. Parameres generally stout, sometimes with developed and bifurcate apical parts of hypophyses; left paramere C- or L-shaped, with elongate apical process of hypophysis; hypophysis of right paramere often bifurcate apically or sometimes terminated in a sharp point. Vesica with two distinct spicules, with one or two additional lobal-sclerites in some species; gonopore small, circular; apex of phallotheca simple, narrow. +Female genitalia +: Genital chamber with oval, small sclerotised rings separated to each other mesally; posterior wall with a row of spinules on anterior interramal sclerite; dorsal structure and interramal lobes relatively narrow. + + + + +Etymology. +From Greek noun, ‘chelys’ (= turtle), combined with mirine genus + +Lygus +Hahn + +, referring to the ovoid and stout body shape that is reminiscent of a tortoise-shell; gender masculine. + + + + +Discussion. + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus +, is herein established to accommodate five representatives which have distinct characters diagnosed above. In addition to the ovoid or tortoise-shaped body shape, it is defined principally by the unique male and female genitalic structures, such as two spicules (and sometimes one or two additional lobal-sclerites) on the vesica and a row of spinules on anterior part of interramal sclerite and narrow interramal lobe and dorsal structure on the posterior wall. Currently, any plausible sister-group is not posited for + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus +. The ovoid or disk-like body form is reminiscent of + +Apolygopsis +Yasunaga, Schwartz & Chérot, 2002 + +and + +Chilocrates +Horváth, 1889 + +, but the colour pattern and genitalic structure of + +Chelyolygus + +, +new genus +, are obviously distinct from those of the latter two genera ( +Yasunaga & Schwartz, 2000 +; +Yasunaga et al., 2002 +; Yasunaga, 2023). Based on similarity in the striped pattern on the hemelytra and vesical sclerites, + +Prolygus +Carvalho + +is assumed to be one of the closer taxa. However, + +Prolygus + +is distinct in having the elongate, conventional mirine shape ( +Fig. 32L +) and female posterior wall with developed, wide interramal lobes and lateral lobes ( +Fig. 32K, O +) (see +Yasunaga et al., 2018 +, for typical features of + +Prolygus + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C9/87/03C987A0FFA5FF85C694FBBEC495FC47.xml b/data/03/C9/87/03C987A0FFA5FF85C694FBBEC495FC47.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fa63d3464e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C9/87/03C987A0FFA5FF85C694FBBEC495FC47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,918 @@ + + + +A new species of tree frog (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Central Java, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Gonggoli, Ade Damara + + + +Author + +, Misbahul Munir + + + +Author + +, Fajar Kaprawi + + + +Author + +, Tom Kirschey + + + +Author + +Hamidy, + + + +Author + +Amir + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-08 + + +72 + + +219 +234 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0019 +2345-7600 +14683134 +1EEDBDEA-E973-4A2F-A1F7-07DDD5063386 + + + + + + + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 4 +, +5 +) + + + +Rhacophorus +sp. + +: +Alhadi et al. (2021) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +MZB +Amph +32885, an adult male collected from +Mt. Slamet +, +Kalipagu +, +Ketenger Village +, +Baturaden District +, +Banyumas Regency +, +Central Java Province +, +Indonesia +( +7°19′05.33″S +, +109°12′17.46″E +; + +elevation +773 m + +a.s.l) collected by +Fajar Kaprawi +, +Eki Abdul Kholik +, and +Tarwo +on + +4 July 2022 + +. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +A total of +five specimens +: +one adult +male ( +MZB +Amph 32886) and +three adult +females ( +MZB +Amph 32887–89) collected by the same collectors and from the same locality as the holotype + +; + +and +one male +( +MZB +Amph 32890) collected by +Farits Alhadi +, +Fajar Kaprawi +, +Jarian Permana +, and +Karso +on + +10 February 2020 + +from the same locality as the holotype + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The specific epithet + +“ +faritsalhadii + +” is an eponym, dedicated to the deceased Farits Alhadi, a herpetologist in +Indonesia +who collected the first known specimen of this species that is now part of the +type +series and the first to discover that it could possibly be a new undescribed species on +Java +. + + +Suggested English common name. +Farits Alhadi’s tree frog. + + +Suggested Indonesian common name. +Katak-pohon Farits Alhadi. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Based on the molecular analyses, the new species is nested within the clade of the genus + +Zhangixalus + +. + + + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, can be differentiated from its congeners using the following combination of morphological characters: (1) relatively medium-sized body (SVL +37.6–40.7 mm +in males; SVL +50.7–54.5 mm +in females); (2) yellowish-green dorsum colouration with numerous dark spot and irregular blotches cream; (3) surfaces of dorsum smooth, covered with small and low spicules; (4) snout in lateral view slope with blunt edge; (5) fringes of skin along limbs and tarsal projection; (6) extensive webbing of toes; (7) finger webbing in males between first to second fingers, and that between second to third fingers reduced, only reaching the distal subarticular tubercle, whereas that in females much more extensive, reaching the base of the disc; (8) webbing between third to fifth toes red; (9) well-developed bilobed supracloacal dermal ridge and tarsal dermal ridge; (10) presence of vomerine teeth; (11) and absence of vocal sac opening. + + + + + +Description of +holotype +. + +MZB Amph 32885 ( +Figs. 4A +, +5A–F +), an adult male SVL +40.7 mm +; head longer (HL +14.2 mm +, 34.8 % SVL) than wider (HW +13.8 mm +, 33.9 % SVL); snout longer (SL +6.5 mm +, 15.9 % SVL) than eye distance (ED +4.4 mm +, 10.7 % SVL), laterally sloped with blunt edge, and projecting over lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct; lore oblique, concave; nostril slightly protuberant, without flap of skin, closer to the tip of the snout (SNL +3.1 mm +, 7.6 % SVL) than to the eye (NEL +3.2 mm +, 7.8 % SVL); internarial distance (IND +4.4 mm +, 10.7 % SVL) smaller than interorbital distance (IOD +5.3 mm +, 12.9 % SVL); interorbital distance wider than the eyelid (UEW +3.1 mm +, 7.7 % SVL); pineal spot absent; pupil of eye horizontal; tympanum distinct, circular, diameter (TD +3.8 mm +, 9.4 % SVL) approximately half eye length; choanae circular; vomerine teeth in straight transverse in two series between the choanae and on a level with their anterior borders, not touching the choanae and separated from each other by about two individual ridges; and vocal sac opening absent. + + +Forelimb slender; relative finger length I <II <IV <III, second finger (Fin2L +4.2 mm +, 10.2 % SVL) longer than the first finger (Fin1L +3.4 mm +, 8.4 % SVL); tips of fingers expanded into large discs (3FDW +2.3 mm +, 5.7 % SVL) with circummarginal and transverse ventral grooves; fingers incomplete webbing, webbing between first and second fingers reduced, it only reaches distal subarticular tubercle on both fingers, webbing formula I 2–2 II 1–2 III 1–1 IV; nuptial excrescences on first finger, from the base of the first finger to the level of the subarticular tubercle; supernumerary tubercles present, but indistinct; prepollex absent; inner palmar tubercle oval (IPTL +2.6 mm +, 6.3 % SVL), middle palmar tubercle indistinct, and outer palmar tubercle oval. + + + +Fig. 4. A, + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, male holotype in life, MZB Amph 32885; B, female paratype, MZB Amph 32887; C, MZB Amph 32889, female paratype in ventral view; D, MZB Amph 32886 and MZB Amph 32889 in amplexus. Photographs by Misbahul Munir (A–C) and Fajar Kaprawi (D). + + + +Hindlimb slender; relative length of toes I <II <III <V <IV, tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching eye; thigh (FML +18.1 mm +, 44.5 % SVL) shorter than tibia (TL +19.1 mm +, 46.8 % SVL); foot (FL +16.3 mm +, 40.1 % SVL) shorter than tibia; tips of toes expanded into a round disc with circummarginal grooves (4TDW +1.8 mm +, 4.5 % SVL), smaller than disc of fingers; toe webbing more extensive, toe webbing formula I 1–1 II 1–1 III 1–1 IV 1–1 V; subarticular tubercles well-developed, rounded; supernumerary tubercles indistinct; inner metatarsal tubercles (IMTL +1.6 mm +, 4.0 % SVL) oval and low, length more than half length of first toe (Toe1L +2.7 mm +, 6.7 % SVL); outer metatarsal tubercles absent. + +Dorsum smooth, covered with small and low spicules, also occurs on eyelid and densely in head; abdomen, chest, throat, thigh, cloaca, and flank prominently granular; flanks wrinkled; an oblique thickened skin forms a low supratympanic fold, from the eye and indistinctly ending above arm insertion, slightly touching the tympanic annulus; dorsolateral fold absent; fringe of skin present along the edge of forearm and the outer edge of fifth to tibiotarsal articulation; dermal ridge at tibiotarsal curved, and supracloaca bilobed. + +Colour. +In life, dorsum yellowish-green with numerous dark spots and irregular cream blotches, dark spots prominent in eyelid, head, and nostril regions; lower lips cream; from the anterior eye to above the nostril, extending to the tip of the snout with a cream line; limbs without crossbars; abdomen, thighs, ventral of tarsus, tibia, lower arms, and upper arms translucent; throat, flanks, elbows, and knees covered with white spot covering the granular; eyes with black periphery, white sclera, dark pupils, and thin pale yellowish network of iris; webbing between third to fifth toes red, yellowish-green on remaining toes; tips of fingers and toes bluishgreen; inguinal region, ventral elbows and knees bluish. In preservative, dorsum green fading to cream and cream blotches become faded, but dark spots remain unchanged; red webbing on toes fading to light red and eyelids turn black. + + +Variations. +The morphometric variations are listed in +Table 2 +. Males had larger RHL, RHW, RSNL, RNEL, RED, RTD, RIND, RUEW, RIPTL, and RIMTL than females, while females had larger SVL, RIOD, RBL, RLAL, Rfin1L, + + + +Fig. 5. + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, from Mount Slamet, Java, Indonesia. A–F, an adult male holotype, MZB Amph 32885; G–L, an adult female paratype, MZB Amph 32887. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photographs by Misbahul Munir. + + + + +Fig. 6. Comparison of morphological characters between male species of + +Zhangixalus + +from Sundaland. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by Ade Damara Gonggoli. + + + +Rfin2L, Rfin3L, Rfin4L, RFin1DW, RToe3DW, RFML, RTL, RTSL, RFL, RToe1L, RToe2L, RToe3L, RToe4L, RToe5L, RToe1WD, RToe3DW, and RToe4DW than males. A male +paratype +(MZB Amph 32890) had a smaller body than others. All types of females had a smoother dorsum with no spicules compared to males. In females, webbing on first to second and second to third fingers was more extensive than that for males. Finger webbing formula for females: I 2–1 II 1–1 III 1–1 IV ( +Fig. 5K +). The tibiotarsal articulation varies among females, but does not exceed the nose and eyes; that for MZB Amph 32887 reaches the nose, that for MZB Amph 32888 reaches between the nose and eyes, and that for MZB Amph 32889 reaches the eyes. + + +Comparisons. +Based on the phylogenetic tree and geographical proximity that separated Sundaland species ( +Z. + + + +Table 3. Morphometric variation of selected characters of + +Zhangixalus achantharrhena + +and + +Zhangixalus dulitensis + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +Zhangixalus achantharrhena + + + +Zhangixalus dulitensis + +
+Characters + +Males (n = 13) + +Females (n = 6) + +Males (n = 9) + +Females (n = 2) +
+Males + +Females + +Mean ± SD + +Range + +Mean ± SD + +Range + +Mean ± SD + +Range +
SVL35.0 ± 1.133.5–37.943.3 ± 1.839.6–44.635.9 ± 1.633.6–38.746.4 ± 0.646.0–46.9
RHL33.7 ± 1.131.4–35.533.5 ± 0.432.9–34.032.5 ± 0.531.5–32.932.8 ± 0.332.6–33.0
RHW33.2 ± 0.632.0–34.532.6 ± 0.432.1–33.229.7 ± 0.429.0–30.129.5 ± 0.329.2–29.7
RSL14.7 ± 0.414.3–15.915.1 ± 0.114.9–15.413.9 ± 0.113.7–14.215.2 ± 0.015.1–15.2
RSNL6.2 ± 0.25.7–6.55.9 ± 0.25.7–6.15.9 ± 0.45.4–6.45.9 ± 0.15.8–6.0
RNEL7.5 ± 0.36.9–8.08.8 ± 0.57.8–9.27.3 ± 0.36.8–7.88.2 ± 0.08.2–8.3
RED11.7 ± 0.411.3–12.711.8 ± 0.111.5–12.012.7 ± 0.112.4–12.912.3 ± 0.212.1–12.5
RTD8.0 ± 0.27.4–8.18.0 ± 0.27.7–8.37.5 ± 0.27.1–7.97.4 ± 0.47.1–7.7
RIND10.3 ± 0.49.5–10.99.8 ± 0.29.6–10.211.1 ± 0.310.6–11.510.8 ± 0.210.7–11.0
RICD19.4 ± 1.017.6–20.719.2 ± 0.418.5–19.619.7 ± 0.518.5–20.321.0 ± 0.021.0
RIOD13.9 ± 0.412.9–15.014.2 ± 0.513.1–14.812.3 ± 0.312.0–12.813.3 ± 0.013.3–13.4
RUEW7.8 ± 0.57.1–8.97.5 ± 0.27.3–8.08.1 ± 0.27.6–8.37.9 ± 0.17.7–8.0
RBH21.3 ± 0.620.3–22.421.2 ± 0.420.5–21.720.8 ± 0.420.0–21.318.8 ± 0.418.5–19.1
RLAL50.5 ± 0.849.1–51.951.2 ± 0.350.7–51.646.4 ± 0.944.7–47.946.9 ± 0.546.5–47.3
RFin1L8.0 ± 0.37.3–8.89.1 ± 0.58.1–9.68.0 ± 0.37.5–8.68.6 ± 0.28.5–8.8
RFin3L17.5 ± 0.316.9–18.018.6 ± 0.317.9–18.916.8 ± 0.216.4–17.217.6 ± 0.117.5–17.6
RFin3DW5.7 ± 0.35.2–6.36.7 ± 0.26.4–7.06.6 ± 0.26.3–7.06.0 ± 0.15.9–6.1
RIPTL4.4 ± 0.24.1–4.85.4 ± 0.25.0–5.66.4 ± 0.16.1–6.76.0 ± 0.05.9–6.0
RFML50.7 ± 1.348.6–53.549.4 ± 1.547.7–51.748.0 ± 2.044.8–50.952.2 ± 0.751.7–52.7
RTL52.7 ± 1.450.8–55.052.8 ± 0.951.8–54.451.0 ± 1.848.2–53.954.4 ± 0.354.2–54.7
RTSL28.7 ± 0.727.2–29.928.3 ± 0.427.9–29.326.4 ± 0.525.4–27.228.2 ± 0.827.6–28.8
RFL43.4 ± 1.040.8–45.047.0 ± 0.346.6–47.444.1 ± 1.042.9–46.249.2 ± 0.448.9–49.5
RToe1L7.7 ± 0.27.4–8.18.3 ± 0.28.0–8.77.7 ± 0.37.0–8.38.0 ± 0.07.9–8.0
RToe4L24.4 ± 0.523.6–25.326.1 ± 0.325.6–26.724.7 ± 0.524.0–25.627.2 ± 0.526.8–27.6
RToe1DW3.1 ± 0.13.0–3.43.6 ± 0.13.4–3.72.9 ± 0.12.7–3.02.6 ± 0.12.4–2.7
RToe3DW3.7 ± 0.23.3–4.14.9 ± 0.04.8–5.04.1 ± 0.33.8–4.93.8 ± 0.03.7–3.8
RToe4DW4.3 ± 0.23.9–4.75.2 ± 0.15.0–5.45.0 ± 0.54.0–5.54.4 ± 0.04.4–4.5
RIMTL3.9 ± 0.33.4–4.33.8 ± 0.03.7–4.02.9 ± 0.22.6–3.24.0 ± 0.13.9–4.1
+ + + +faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, + +Z. prominanus + +, + +Z +. +achantharrhena + +, and + +Z. dulitensis + +) from Asian mainland species, we only compared + +Z. faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, with the other three Sundaland species. Morphologically, + +Z. faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, is more similar to + +Z. prominanus + +, but can be distinguished from the latter with its smaller body (SVL +37.6–40.7 mm +vs. +44.4–58.5 mm +in males; SVL +50.7–54.5 mm +vs. +60.5–70.5 mm +in females); dorsum with low spicules which are not prominent in males (vs. appears prominently and elevated; +Figs. 6I, J +); males snout slope with blunt edge in lateral view (vs. slope with pointed edge; +Figs. 6A, B +); supracloaca dermal ridge broader and shorter (vs. longer and narrower; +Figs. 6M, N +); less distribution of melanophores at kness (vs. dense; +Figs. 6Q, R +); males with reduced webbing on second to third fingers (vs. extensive web finger; +Figs. 6U, V +). + + + +Fig. 7. Natural habitat of + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, at the type locality. Photograph by Fajar Kaprawi. + + + + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, differs from + +Z. achantharrhena + +by having a larger body size (SVL +37.6–40.7 mm +vs. +33.5–37.9 mm +in males; SVL +50.7–54.5 mm +vs. +39.6–44.6 mm +in females; see +Table 3 +); more developed webbing on fingers (vs. reduced; +Figs. 6U, W +); vocal sac opening absent (vs. present); dorsum with small spicules (vs. relatively large; +Figs. 6I, K +); less distributed melanophores on knees (vs. dense; +Figs. 6Q, S +); dark spots on dorsum scattered (vs. relatively dense). + + + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, differs from + +Z. dulitensis + +by having a larger body size (SVL +37.6–40.7 mm +vs. +33.6–38.7 mm +in males; +50.7–54.5 mm +vs. 46.0– +46.9 mm +in females; see +Table 3 +); web colouration between third to fifth toes red (vs. only between fourth to fifth toes); vocal sac opening absent (vs. present); shorter supracloaca dermal ridge (vs. longer; +Figs. 6M, P +); males snout slope with blunt edge in lateral view (vs. slope with sharply pointed edge; +Figs. 6A, D +); well-developed fringe of skin along the edge of the forearm and the outer edge of fifth to tibiotarsal articulation (vs. less developed). + + +Range and natural history. +The type series of + +Zhangixalus faritsalhadii + +, +new species +, is so far known only from the highlands of Mount Slamet. The type series was found in Rasamala ( + +Altingia excelsa + +) forest near swamps, approximately +10 m +from the main river ( +Fig. 7 +). A male +paratype +(MZB Amph 32890) was collected while it was calling from a palm tree, approximately +15 m +above ground, during rainy season in +February 2020 +. During the transition season from the dry to the rainy season in +July 2022 +, two pairs of amplectants of the type series were found on a rattan plant (MZB Amph 32886 and MZB Amph 32889; +Fig. 4D +) and on tree leaves (MZB Amph 32885 and MZB Amph 32888), while +one female +(MZB Amph 32889) not far from the same locality was also found. The habitat was surrounded by small puddles formed from water running off the slope. This new species may be in other lowland areas of Mount Slamet. A record dated +18 February 2020 +appeared in a citizen science database at the exact location ( +Khafizh, 2020 +). Tadpole and acoustic information are unknown. The following frog species are sympatric with the new species: + +Polypedates leucomystax +( +Gravenhorst, 1829 +) + +; + +Philautus aurifasciatus +( +Schlegel, 1837 +) + +; + +Limnonectes microdiscus +( +Boettger, 1892 +) + +; + +Rhacophorus reinwardtii + +; + +Leptobrachium hasseltii +Tschudi, 1838 + +; and + +Microhyla achatina +Tschudi, 1838 + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF808B58ED3659C0FA44F7E4.xml b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF808B58ED3659C0FA44F7E4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d2fa8e1260e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF808B58ED3659C0FA44F7E4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,432 @@ + + + +Phylogenetic analyses ofEucryptorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reveal a cryptic species within eurytopic E. scrobiculatus (Motschulsky, 1854) + + + +Author + +Tseng, Wei-Zhe + + + +Author + +Cheng, + + + +Author + +Ren-Chung + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-20 + + +72 + + +324 +334 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0026 +2345-7600 +14683110 +B8F6DA4A-6776-43C8-9688-53589751DD44 + + + + + + + +Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus +( +Motschulsky, 1854 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1A, B +, +2A, B +) + + + + + +Material examined. +TAIWAN +: + +1 female +(ex. 15; accession number: PP697477) ( +NMNS +), Wuling Farm [ +武Dãae +], + + + +Fig. 1. Habitus of + +Eucryptorrhynchus +species. +E + +. scrobiculatus +( +Motschulsky, 1854 +) from Taiwan: A, dorsal and B, ventral views; + +E. brandti +( +Harold, 1880 +) + +: C, dorsal and D, ventral views; + +E. khasiensis +Devi, Dey & Ray, 2016 + +: E, dorsal and F, ventral views. + + + +Heping District, Taichung City, coll. W-Z Tseng, +23 July 2015 +; + +1 male +( +NMNS +), +Mamei +[ +Ḅħ +], +Jianshih Township +, +Hsinchu County +, +N24.682502 +E121.295629 +, coll. Y-T +Lai +, + +11 August 2018 + + +; + +1 ex. +(ex. 13; accession number: PP697493) ( +NMNS +), +Newjiayang +[ +Ǜ佳ọ +], +Heping District +, +Taichung City +, +N24.247667 +E121.228694 +, coll. B-H +Ho +, + +7 June 2019 + + +; + +1 ex. +(ex. 14; accession number: PP697494) ( +NMNS +), +Kuanyun Mountain +Villa [ +üṟ山¶ +], +Xiulin Township +, +Hualien County +, +N24.1874 +E121.3395 +, coll. B-H +Ho +, + +7 June 2019 + + +; + +3 ex. +(ex. 12; accession number: PP697492) ( +NMNS +), +Sihyuan Wind Gap +[ +思fi埡口 +], +Datung Township +, +Yilan County +, +N24.394508 +E121.362836 +, coll. L-W +Yeh +, + +6 August 2019 + + +. + + +CHINA +, +Guangxi +: + +1 male +(ex. 1; accession number: PP692124) ( +TARI +), +Yangmeiao +[ +杨 梅坳 +], +Rongshui Miao Autonomous County +, +Liuzhou +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +4 August 2015 + + +; + +1 male +(ex. 3; accession number: PP697478) ( +TARI +), +Maoershan +[ +Ê儿山 +], +Xing’an County +, +Guilin +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +17 August 2015 + + +. + + +Guizhou +: + +1 male +(ex. 4; accession number: PP697479) ( +TARI +), +Huixiangping +[ +回⁂坪 +], +Guanling Buyei +and +Miao Autonomous County +, +Anshun +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +23 July 2016 + + +. + + +Yunnan +: + +1 male +(ex. 9; accession number: PP697480) ( +TARI +), +Sengang +[ +AEDz +], +Gongshan +Derung-Nu +Autonomous County +, +Nujiang +of the +Lisu Autonomous Prefecture +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +10 June 2016 + + +; + +1 female +(ex. 11; accession number: PP697481) ( +TARI +), +Naqialuo +[ +DZ恰洛 +], +Gongshan +Derung-Nu +Autonomous County +, +Nujiang +of the +Lisu Autonomous Prefecture +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +12 June 2014 + + +; + +4 males +, +1 female +(ex. 5, 6, 7, 8, 10; accession number: PP697485, PP697486, PP697484, PP697483, PP697482) ( +TARI +), +Nageluo +[ +Oi格洛 +], +Gongshan +Derung-Nu +Autonomous County +, +Nujiang +of the +Lisu Autonomous Prefecture +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +15 June 2016 + + +. + + +VIETNAM +: + +1 male +( +NMNS +), +Hà Giang Province +, coll. local collector, + +June 2017 + + +; + +1 ex. +(ex. 2; accession number: PP697495) ( +NMNS +), +Phan Xi Păng Mountain +, +Tam Đư +ờng +District +, +Lai Châu Province +, +N22.349444 +E103.770833 +, coll. +S. Alekseenko +, + +10 April 2019 + + +. + + + + +Distribution. +China +( +Anhui +, +Beijing +, +Fujian +, +Gansu +, +Guizhou +, +Hebei +, +Henan +, +Hubei +, +Hunan +, +Jiangsu +, +Liaoning +, +Qinghai +, + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FED205963FA2FF85E.xml b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FED205963FA2FF85E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5888caa79ca --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FED205963FA2FF85E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ + + + +Phylogenetic analyses ofEucryptorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reveal a cryptic species within eurytopic E. scrobiculatus (Motschulsky, 1854) + + + +Author + +Tseng, Wei-Zhe + + + +Author + +Cheng, + + + +Author + +Ren-Chung + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-20 + + +72 + + +324 +334 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0026 +2345-7600 +14683110 +B8F6DA4A-6776-43C8-9688-53589751DD44 + + + + + + +Key to the species of + +Eucryptorrhynchus +( +Heller, 1937 +) + + + + + + + + +1. Pronotum sparsely covered with whitish or reddish-brown vestiture, with two patches of reddish-brown, erect scales on the middle................................................................................2 + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FED375AE3FB2FF915.xml b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FED375AE3FB2FF915.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..865f76426a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FED375AE3FB2FF915.xml @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ + + + +Phylogenetic analyses ofEucryptorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reveal a cryptic species within eurytopic E. scrobiculatus (Motschulsky, 1854) + + + +Author + +Tseng, Wei-Zhe + + + +Author + +Cheng, + + + +Author + +Ren-Chung + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-20 + + +72 + + +324 +334 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0026 +2345-7600 +14683110 +B8F6DA4A-6776-43C8-9688-53589751DD44 + + + + + + + +Eucryptorrhynchus khasiensis +Devi, Dey & Ray, 2016 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1E, F +, +2E, F +) + + + + +Material examined. + + +CHINA +, +Yunnan +: + +1 male +(ex. 1; accession number: PP697491) ( +TARI +), Bangda [ +fflṁ +], +Mang City +, coll. Y-T Wang, + +8 September 2015 + + +. + + + + +Distribution. +India +(Khasi hills) ( +Devi et al., 2016 +). New record: +China +( +Yunnan +). + + + + +Identification key. +We provided a revised identification key that covers five of the six described + +Eucryptorrhynchus +species. + +For the morphological comparisons of two species, + +E. papuanus + +and + +E. cenninii + +, we had to rely on the original descriptions due to the unavailability of specimens for examination. Additionally, we were unable to include + +E. intermedius + +in the key, due to the unavailability of specimens for examination and the limited information available in the original description of this species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FEECC5BC3FAB0FB95.xml b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FEECC5BC3FAB0FB95.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d49d47d210 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E0/87/03E087ADFF868B5FEECC5BC3FAB0FB95.xml @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ + + + +Phylogenetic analyses ofEucryptorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reveal a cryptic species within eurytopic E. scrobiculatus (Motschulsky, 1854) + + + +Author + +Tseng, Wei-Zhe + + + +Author + +Cheng, + + + +Author + +Ren-Chung + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-20 + + +72 + + +324 +334 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0026 +2345-7600 +14683110 +B8F6DA4A-6776-43C8-9688-53589751DD44 + + + + + + + +Eucryptorrhynchus brandti +( +Harold, 1880 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1C, D +, +2C, D +) + + + + +Material examined. + + +CHINA +, +Guizhou +: + +1 male +1 female +(ex. 1, 2; accession number: PP697490, PP697489) ( +TARI +), +Huixiangping +[ +回 ⁂ 坪 +], + +Guanling Buyei +and +Miao Autonomous County + +, +Anshun +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +23 July 2016 + + +. + + +Yunnan +: + +1 female +( +TARI +), +Dadi +[ +巴® +], +Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +30 June 2014 + + +; + +1 female +(ex. 4; accession number: PP693364) ( +TARI +), +Wangzanka Hotel +[ +ffi咱ϮΘ店 +], +Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +8 July 2016 + + +; + +2 females +(ex. 3, 5; accession number: PP697487, PP697488) ( +TARI +), +Nageluo +[ +Oi格洛 +], +Gongshan +Derung-Nu +Autonomous County +, +Nujiang +of the +Lisu Autonomous Prefecture +, coll. Y-T +Wang +, + +15 June 2016 + + +. + + + + +Distribution. +China +( +Anhui +, +Beijing +, +Gansu +, +Hebei +, +Heilongjiang +, +Henan +, +Hubei +, +Jiangsu +, +Liaoning +, +Sichuan +, +Shaanxi +, +Shanghai +, +Shandong +, +Shanxi +), +Japan +, +North Korea +, + + +Russia +(Far East), +South Korea +( +Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017 +). New records: +China +( +Guizhou +, +Yunnan +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE87F9FFC3DC3A7894F880FD8CF80C.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE87F9FFC3DC3A7894F880FD8CF80C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..83cbc685f0d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE87F9FFC3DC3A7894F880FD8CF80C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,651 @@ + + + +A new species of the genus Gurayacypris Battish, 1987 (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Notodromadidae) from a rice field in northeast Thailand + + + +Author + +Savatenalinton, Sukonthip + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-21 + + +72 + + +280 +293 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0023 +2345-7600 +14682920 +1A56A449-CC19-40DD-AF92-0604AD10850C + + + + + + + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1–9 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: +Male +, soft parts dissected in glycerine on a sealed slide, valves stored dry on a micropalaeontological slide ( +MSU-ZOC +.398), rice field, +Kantharawichai District +, +Maha Sarakham Province +, +Thailand +( +16.267 N +, +103.252 E +), coll. +S Savatenalinton +, + +15 June 2021 + +. + + + + +Allotypes +: Female, stored like the +holotype +( +MSU-ZOC +.402), same data as holotype + +. + + + +Paratypes +: +3 males +, soft parts dissected in glycerine on a sealed slide, carapaces stored dry on micropalaeontological slides ( +MSU-ZOC +.399 +– +401) + +; + +2 females +, soft parts dissected in glycerine on a sealed slide, carapaces stored dry on micropalaeontological slides ( +MSU-ZOC +.403 +– +404); c + +. + +3 males +and +3 females +in 70% ethanol, deposited in the +Science Faculty Museum +( +MSU +, +Thailand +) and + + +2 males +and +2 females +in 70% ethanol deposited at the +Lee Kong Chian Natural History +Museum ( +Singapore +), same data as holotype + +. + + + + +Measurements (μm). +Male. Cp (n = 3): L = 806 +– +832, H = 577 +– +580, W = 442 +– +458, LV (n = 2): L = 823 +– +826, H = 574 +– +577, RV (n = 2): L = 829 +– +832, H = 577 +– +581. Female. Cp (n = 2): L = 794 +– +800, H = 580 +– +582, W = 457 +– +459, LV (n = 2): L = 828 +– +831, H = 568 +– +571, RV (n = 2): L = 822 +– +825, H = 568 +– +571. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Cp in lateral view subovate, sexually dimorphic, female posteroventral spur on LV subtriangular with pointed tip, valve surface not strongly ornamented, third segment of A1 with two short setae, natatory setae of A2 long, penultimate segment of A2 divided and G1 seta with skewed tip, Mx1 third endite with six Zahnborsten, terminal part of female T1 palp with broad, dome-shaped terminal part and pointed apical tip, masticatory processes of T1 with 14 bristles, distal margin of basal segment of male T1 left palp without projection, T2 sexually dimorphic with more elongated in male and with three longer setae on male terminal segment, CR without sa seta, ramus more elongated and curved in male, CR attachment with several distal loops, Hp subovate, ms short (not protruding beyond edge of ls) with gently curved dorsal margin, ls subtriangular with pointed tip directing outward, ZO with numerous spiny whorls. + + + +Fig. 3. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, female (A–F: MSU-ZOC.402), male (G–L: MSU-ZOC.398) A, LV, internal view. B, RV, internal view. C, posterior part of LV. D, anterior part of LV. E, anterior part of RV. F, posterior part of RV. G, LV, internal view. H, RV, internal view. I, posterior part of LV. J, anterior part of LV. K, anterior part of RV. L, posterior part of RV. Scale bars: 100 μm. + + + +Differential diagnosis. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, can mainly be distinguished from + +G. kangraensis + +by the more rounded dorsal part of Cp in lateral view, the larger Cp size, the protruded triangular spur on the postero-ventral part of the female LV (small blunt-tipped spur in + +G. kangraensis + +), the absence of a pointed protrusion on the distal margin of the basal segment of the left prehensile palp and the triangular ls of the Hp with a pointed tip directed outwards. + + + + +Fig. 4. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, male (A–B: MSU-ZOC.398), female (C–D: MSU-ZOC.402). A, LV, internal view. B, RV, internal view. C, LV, internal view. D, RV, internal view. Scale bar: 100 μm. + + + + +Description of male. +Cp in lateral view ( +Fig. 1A, E–F +) subovate, greatest height situated c. mid-length, dorsal margin evenly arched, anterior margin broadly rounded with anteroventral corner, posterior margin more narrowly rounded with apex at c. mid-height, ventral margin straight; eye tubercle not prominent, situated at antero-dorsal part; valve surface not strongly ornamented, set with tiny pustules anteriorly, weak reticulation (stronger in posterior part than in other parts) and rimmed pore setae ( +Fig. 1B +). + + +Cp in dorsal view ( +Fig. 1C, G–H +) elliptical, greatest width situated at mid-length, posterior part more broadly rounded than anterior one, both anterior and posterior extremities with small pointed tips. + + +Cp in ventral view ( +Fig. 1D, I–J +) elliptical with flattened ventral surface and strong oval concavity posteriorly, forming sharply defined oval structure with irregularly curved margins, strongly concave area situated in third part of length. Outer lists prominent, anteriorly curved outwards towards around mouth zone. + + +LV in interior view ( +Fig. 3G, I–J +, +4A +) with flange positioned anteriorly and strong concavity at postero-ventral corner, anterior selvage inwardly displaced, calcified inner lamella narrow with one inner list, groove present along ventral margin. + + +RV in interior view ( +Fig. 3H, K–L +, +4B +) as in LV, but anterior flange wider and groove present along anterior and ventral margins. + + +A1 ( +Fig. 5A +): 7-segmented; first segment with a long subapical dorsal seta (reaching beyond tip of next segment), two unequally long subapical ventral setae, Wouters organ absent. Second segment wider than long, with one markedly long dorso-apical seta (reaching tip of next segment), Rome organ absent. Third segment very long bearing two (one dorso-, one ventro-) apical setae, both setae remarkably short. Fourth segment with two long dorsal setae and one very short ventral seta. Fifth segment dorsally with two long setae, ventrally with two short setae, the longer one reaching slightly beyond middle of next segment, another one spine-like. Penultimate segment with four long setae. Terminal segment with three (two long, one short) apical setae and an aesthetasc ya, length of shortest seta c. 2/3 of aesthetasc ya. + + + +Fig. 5. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, male (A–B), female (C). A, A1 (MSU-ZOC.399). B, A2 (MSU-ZOC.398). C, A2 (MSUZOC.403). + + + +A2 ( +Fig. 5B +): protopodite with one proximal seta and two ventral setae. Exopodite with three (one long, two short) setae, the long one reaching tip of first endopodal segment. First endopodal segment with five long natatory setae and accompanying very short seta (reaching c. 1/5 of penultimate segment), aesthetasc Y slender and long (reaching tip of the segment), ventro-apical seta long (reaching tip of terminal segment). Penultimate segment divided; proximal subsegment with two short dorsal setae (the longer seta reaching mid-length of next segment, length of short seta c. 1/2 of long one) and two ventral setae (t setae), the long one reaching slightly beyond tip of next segment, length of shorter one c. 4/5 of long one); distal subsegment apically with three claws (G1–G3), claw G1 with skewed tip and reduced in length (shorter than that of female), claw G3 reduced to short seta (length c. 2/3 of that of terminal segment) and z1–z3 setae, z1 seta modified to long seta (short seta in female), z2 short (not reaching middle of next segment), z3 intermediate in length (reaching tip of next segment). Terminal segment very elongated with two claws (GM and Gm) and an aesthetasc y3, g-seta not seen, claw GM slender, seta-like and slightly shorter than claw Gm, length of aesthetasc y3 c. half-length of Gm, accompanying seta slightly longer than aesthetasc y3. + + +Md ( +Fig. 6A–E +): Md-coxa ( +Fig. 6A +) slender distally set with rows of teeth (large dorsally and smaller ventrally) and with one dorso-subapical seta, the latter small and short (not reaching base of teeth). Md-palp ( +Fig. 6B +): first segment with two large setae (S1 and S2), one slender, long seta and α-seta with broad first half, narrower second half and long needle-like tip ( +Fig. 6C +), S1 seta smaller than S2 seta ( +Fig. 6E +). Second segment dorsally with two unequal long apical setae; ventrally with a group of four hirsute setae ( +Fig. 6D +) and β-seta, the latter slim and dome-shaped with a pointed tip ( +Fig. 6C +). Penultimate segment consisting of three groups of setae: dorsally with a group of four subapical setae (intermediated length); laterally with an apical γ–seta and three further thin and short apical setae, the former thin and short (reaching slightly beyond tip of terminal segment) ( +Fig. 6C +); ventrally with one hirsute, large, and long apical setae. Terminal segment elongated (length c. two times of width) bearing two long claws and two shorter setae. + + + +Fig. 6. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, male. A, Md-coxa (MSU-ZOC.399). B, Md-palp (ditto). C, α, β, γ setae of Md-palp (ditto). D, a group of four setae on second segment of Md-palp (ditto). E, S1 and S2 setae of Md-palp (ditto). F, Mx1 (MSU-ZOC.398). + + + + +Fig. 7. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, male (A–B, D), female (C, E). A, left T1 with palp (MSU-ZOC.399). B, right palp of T1 (ditto). C, T1 with palp (MSU-ZOC.402). D, T2 (MSU-ZOC.398). E, T2 (MSU-ZOC.403). + + + + +Fig. 8. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, male (A–B, D–E: MSU-ZOC.398), female (C: MSU-ZOC.403). A, T3. B, CR. C, CR. D, CR attachment. E, CR attachment. + + + +Mx1 ( +Fig. 6F +) with a 2-segmented palp, three endites and a branchial plate; basal segment of palp with a group of four short, but unequal, apical setae and two (one short, one longer) subapical setae, the short one reaching slightly beyond tip of basal segment), terminal segment subquadrate, with three claws and three setae. Third endite bearing six large bristles (Zahnborsten) with distal serration. First endite basally with two remarkably long and large setae. + + +T1 ( +Fig. 7A–B +): protopodite with two a-setae, distally with 14 hirsute setae (10 apically, four subapically), prehensile palps (endopodites) strongly asymmetrical. Left prehensile palp ( +Fig. 7A +) smaller than right one, with first segment subquadrate-shaped, second segment elongated with blunt tip. Right prehensile palp ( +Fig. 7B +) with first segment very elongated, second segment long and thin, distally narrower towards pointed tip. + + +T2 ( +Fig. 7D +) elongated, without d setae and sexually dimorphic (stubbier in female— +Fig. 7E +). Second segment with one very short apical e-seta. Penultimate segment divided, proximal segment (a) bearing one very short apical f-seta; distal segment (b) with short spine-like apical g-seta. Terminal segment with a claw h2 and two (one dorsally, one ventrally) long apical h1 and h3 setae, the former transformed into claw and larger than h2. + + + +Fig. 9. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, male. A, hemipenis (MSU-ZOC.398). B, hemipenis (MSU-ZOC.399). C, Zenker organ (MSU-ZOC.398). + + + +T3 ( +Fig. 8A +): first segment with d1, d2 and dp setae, all setae intermediate in length with needle-like tip. Second segment with one long apical e-seta (almost reaching tip of next segment). Third segment with medially one long f-seta (reaching slightly beyond tip of terminal segment). Terminal segment without pincer organ and bearing three long setae (h1–h3), h1 and h2 setae claw-like, h3 seta reflexed with length c. 4/5 of that of third segment. + + +CR ( +Fig. 8B +) elongated, without sa seta and sexually dimorphic with more elongated and curved ramus in male (shorter and less curved ramus in female – +Fig. 8C +). Claws Ga and Gp thin and very long, claw Gp slightly shorter than claw Ga, sp seta long (length c. 1/3 of that of claw Ga), + + +male sp seta shorter than that of female (reaching beyond mid-length of claw Ga – +Fig. 8C +). + + +CR attachment ( +Fig. 8D–E +) complex with several distal loops, main branch with few small branching. + + +Hp ( +Fig. 9A–B +) subovate, ms short (not protruding beyond edge of ls) with gently curved dorsal margin, ls large, subtriangular with pointed tip directing outward; internal postlabyrinthal spermiduct without loop. + + +ZO ( +Fig. 9C +) elongated with numerous spiny whorls and funnel-shaped ends. + + + +Table 1. List of +Notodromadinae +species in the Oriental region. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Species + +Country + +References +
+1. + +Centrocypris bhagirathiae +Battish, 1981 + +India +Battish, 1981 +
+2. + +C. horrida +( +Vávra, 1895 +) + +India +Vávra, 1895 +
+3. + +C. indica +Gupta, 1991 + +India +Gupta, 1991 +
+4. + +C. madani +Battish, 1981 + +India +Battish, 1981 +
+5. + +C. matthaii +( +Arora, 1931 +) + +India +Arora, 1931 +
+6. + +Gurayacypris kangraensis +Battish, 1987 + +India +Battish, 1987 +
+7. + +G. danielopoli + +, +new species +ThailandPresent study
+8. + +Newnhamia dumonti +George & Martens, 2003 + +India +George & Martens, 2003 +
+9. + +N. fenestrata +King, 1855 + +India +Karuthapandi et al., 2014 +
+10. + +Notodromas oculata +Sars, 1903 + +Indonesia +Sars, 1903 +
+11. + +N. persica +Gurney, 1921 + +Sri Lanka +Victor & Fernando, 1981 +
+12. + +N. serrata +Deb, 1984 + +India +Deb, 1984 +
+13. + +N. sinensis +Neale & Zhao, 1991 + +Thailand +Savatenalinton & Suttajit, 2016 +
+ + +Description of female. +Cp and valves ( +Figs. 2 +, +3A–F +, +4C–D +) generally as in male, but obviously different in postero-ventral part of valves. Postero-ventral part of LV with protruded triangular spur (sharply curved and without spur in male), postero-ventral part of RV gently curved with rounded corner (sharply curved in male). Cp in ventral view with less strong posterior concavity than that of male. + + +All limbs as in male, except for last two segments of A2 ( +Fig. 5C +), T1 ( +Fig. 7C +), T2 ( +Fig. 7E +) and CR ( +Fig. 8C +). Longest t setae on penultimate segment of A2 longer than those of male; z1 seta shorter, claw G1 long with skewed tip, claw G3 long, seta-like ( +Fig. 5C +). T1 palp (endopodite) elongated with broad, dome-shaped terminal part and pointed apical tip ( +Fig. 7C +). T2 less elongated with claw-like h2 seta long, but shorter than that of male; h1 and h3 setae shorter than h2 seta, h3 seta claw-like ( +Fig. 7E +). CR shorter than that of male, sp seta remarkably long, ramus less elongated and slightly curved ( +Fig. 8C +). + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named in honor of Prof. Dr. Dan L. Danielopol (University of Graz, +Austria +) in recognition of his outstanding work on ostracods. + + + + +Ecology. +The Indian + +G. kangraensis + +was taken from a permanent water body. However, the Thai +new species +was found in a rice field, which is a man-made temporary water body. Apart from other accompanying ostracod species in the +type +locality, large branchiopods ( + +Cyzicus +sp. + +and + +Lynceus +sp. + +) which typically inhabit temporary water bodies, were also encountered in the +type +locality. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE87F9FFCBDC3B7B62F84BFA27F7B5.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE87F9FFCBDC3B7B62F84BFA27F7B5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e671c89be3d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE87F9FFCBDC3B7B62F84BFA27F7B5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ + + + +A new species of the genus Gurayacypris Battish, 1987 (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Notodromadidae) from a rice field in northeast Thailand + + + +Author + +Savatenalinton, Sukonthip + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-21 + + +72 + + +280 +293 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0023 +2345-7600 +14682920 +1A56A449-CC19-40DD-AF92-0604AD10850C + + + + + + +Comparisons between + +G. danielopoli +, new species and + + + + + + + + +G. kangraensis + + + + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, differs from + +G. kangraensis + +in many aspects of its valves and soft parts. In the male + +G. danielopoli + +, +new species +, the Cp in dorsal view is tumid and the greatest width is post mid-length whereas in + +G. kangraensis + +, it is elliptical and the greatest width is at mid-length. The posterior extremity of the new species possesses a tiny pointed tip, but in + +G. kangraensis + +, this part is rounded. The female Cp shape in lateral view also demonstrates the difference between these two species. + +Gurayacypris danielopoli + +, +new species +, has a subglobular shape with a strongly arched dorsal margin while in + +G. kangraensis + +, the shape is subquadrate with a slightly arched dorsal margin. Although both species have a flange (spur) on the female postero-ventral part, the aspect of this structure is different. It is subtriangular with a pointed tip in the Thai species, but it is tiny and subquadrate, with a blunt tip in the Indian species. The Cp size of + +G. danielopoli + +, +new species +, (806–832 μm in male, 794–800 μm in female) is also larger than + +G. kangraensis + +(760 μm in male, 700 μm in female) (see +Battish, 1987 +). + + + +Fig. 10. Distribution map of Oriental +Notodromadinae +(for numbers, see table 1; some sites are only approximately plotted due to limitations of locality information; +N +, Locality unknown or with limited data). + + + +In addition, the differences can be seen in the morphology of the soft parts, especially the female and male T1 palp, the male T2, and the Hp. The female T1 palp of both species is large, but it is smaller in + +G. danielopoli + +, +new species +. The tip of this palp bears two small and unequal bristles in + +G. kangraensis + +while + +G. danielopoli + +has a broad, dome-shaped seta with pointed apical tip. The T1 left palp of male of + +G. kangraensis + +possesses a pointed projection on the distal margin of the basal segment, whereas there is no projection on this part in + +G. danielopoli + +, +new species +. The h3 seta on the male T2 is long in + +G. kangraensis + +, but it is shorter in the new species. In + +G. danielopoli + +, +new species +, the Hp is subovate and the ms is short (not protruding beyond edge of ls), with a gently curved dorsal margin, while in + +G. kangraensis + +the ms extends over the margin of the ls and has a strongly curved dorsal margin. Additionally, the ls of the new species is subtriangular with a pointed tip directed outward but, in + +G. kangraensis + +, this part bears two circular lobes; one is small and appearing on the inner side, another one is large and located on the outer side. The number of bristles on the masticatory processes of the female T1 is seven in + +G. kangraensis + +whereas it is +14 in + +G. danielopoli + +, +new species +. Nevertheless, this character should be used with caution as these bristles are small and densely arranged which could affect the observation of the actual number. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EF/D2/03EFD249FF98FFB8FF41FD4B34E4FACF.xml b/data/03/EF/D2/03EFD249FF98FFB8FF41FD4B34E4FACF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c24e7f01b11 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EF/D2/03EFD249FF98FFB8FF41FD4B34E4FACF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,602 @@ + + + +Caridina maeklongensis, a new landlocked freshwater shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the Mae Klong Basin, Thailand + + + +Author + +Macharoenboon, Kongkit + + + +Author + +, Varitsara Manonai + + + +Author + +Jeratthitikul, + + + +Author + +Ekgachai + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-11-13 + + +72 + + +450 +468 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0033 +2345-7600 +14682896 +56BAA238-5F15-4BE9-933C-0777E8C08C0B + + + + + + + +Caridina sumatrensis +De Man, 1892 + + + + + + + +( +Figure 4E, F +, +6 +) + + + + + + + +Caridina weberi +var. +sumatrensis +De Man, 1892: 375 + + +, pl. 22, fig. +23g +, Type locality: Deli, +Sumatra +, +Indonesia +, Type material: +Lectotype +, ZMA De 102603, ovigerous female (CL +5.3 mm +) (designated by +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +). + +Kemp, 1918a: 99 + +; + +Pillai, 1964: 43 + +. + + + + + +Caridina weberi sumatrensis + +– + +Bouvier, 1904: 132 + +; + +Bouvier, 1905: 75 + +, 83; + +Kemp, 1918b: 292 + +, + +Bouvier, 1925: 247 + +, fig. 567; + +Johnson, 1961: 46 + +; +Kazmi et al., 2002 +. + + + + + +Caridina sumatrensis + +– + +Wowor et al., 2004: 343 + +, fig. 6p, q; + +Cai & Shokita, 2006: 246 + +, fig. 6C–F; Cai et al., 2007: 285, fig. 7; + +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024: 774 + +, fig. 2, 3. + + + + + +Materials examined. +9 females +(CL +3.91–4.49 mm +), + +3 males +(CL +2.51–2.94 mm +)( +MUMNH-CAR053 +, used for measurement in description), +Mae Klong River +, +Tha Maka District +, +Kanchanaburi Province +, +Thailand +, +13.8679°N +, +99.8167°E +, coll. +W. Siriwut +& +W. Manonai +, + +19 April 2019 + + +; + +1 female +(CL +4.10 mm +)( +MUMNH-CAR054 +), +Mae Klong River +, +Photharam District +, +Ratchaburi Province +, +Thailand +, +13.6318°N +, +99.8162°E +, coll. +W. Siriwut +& +W. Manonai +, + +19 April 2019 + + +; + +4 females +(CL +3.29–4.21 mm +)( +MUMNH-CAR055 +), +Mae Klong River +, +Photharam District +, +Ratchaburi Province +, +Thailand +, +13.7152°N +, +99.8492°E +, coll. +W. Siriwut +& +W. Manonai +, + +19 April 2019 + + +; + +3 females +(CL +3.73–4.29 mm +)( +MUMNH-CAR056 +), +Mae Klong River +, +Photharam District +, +Ratchaburi Province +, +Thailand +, +13.7393°N +, +99.8420°E +, coll. +W. Siriwut +& +W. Manonai +, + +19 April 2019 + + +; +4 females +(CL +3.57–4.08 mm +) (used for measurement in description); + +4 males +(CL +2.41–2.93 mm +) ( +MUMNH-CAR706 +, used for measurement in description), +Klong Bang Tanod River +, +Photharam District +, +Ratchaburi Province +, +Thailand +, +13.6537°N +, +99.8116°E +, coll. +E. Jeratthitikul +& +K. Macharoenboon +, + +8 August 2019 + + +. + + + + +Fig. 5. Map of the Mae Klong Basin showing sampling localities of + +Caridina maeklongensis + +, +new species +(black circles) and + +C. sumatrensis + +(grey circle), and the localities where both species were absent (white circles). + + + + +Description. Cephalothorax and cephalic appendage. +CL +3.57–4.60 mm +(median = +4.08 mm +, n = 13), width +2.65–3.48 mm +(median = +2.92 mm +, n = 13). Rostrum with basal ridge, slightly bent down, frequently reaching near the end of antennular peduncle (at least reaching beyond the end of second segment of antennular peduncle), 0.50–0.60 + + +(median = 0.55, n = 13) times as long as CL ( +Fig 6A, B +). Rostral formula based on 13 individuals: (4–6) + 17–21 / 3–6. Antennal spine placed below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian margin subrectangular. Eye well-developed, anterior end reaching to 0.59–0.84 (median = 0.71, n = 13) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.46–0.55 (median = 0.51, n = 13) times as long as carapace, first segment 1.60–2.15 (median = 1.80, n = 13) times as long as second segment, second segment 1.03–1.33 (median = 1.16, n = 13) times as long as third segment. Tooth on distolateral margin of first segment of antennular peduncle prominent. Stylocerite reaching to 0.59–0.74 (median = 0.70, n = 13) of first segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite 2.50–2.97 (median = 2.75, n = 13) times as long as wide, distal margin with short plumose setae. + + +Branchial formula. +Podobranch on second maxilliped well-developed. Third maxilliped possesses one small and one large arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereopods. Third maxilliped with epipod. Ultimate segment of endopod with a row of strong spinules at proximal ⅔ of posterior margin, ending with one large claw, 5–7 spiniform setae on distal ⅓ of posterior margin, 0.74–0.91 (median = 0.83, n = 10) times as long as penultimate segment. Exopod long and slender, with a tuft of long setae at tip. + + + +Fig. 6. + +Caridina sumatrensis +De Man, 1892 + +. A, ovigerous female; B, cephalothorax and cephalic appendage; C, scaphocerite; D, antennular peduncle; E, first pereopod; F, second pereopod; G, third pereopod; H, dactylus of third pereopod; I, fifth pereopod; J, dactylus of fifth pereopod; K, telson; L, distal end of telson; M, uropodal dieresis; N, preanal carina; O, male first pleopod; P, endopod of male first pleopod; Q, male second pleopod; R, appendix masculina of male second pleopod. Drawings were made from ovigerous female, MUMNHCAR706-P1 (A–M) and male, MUMNH-CAR706-P2 (O–R) collected from the Mae Klong Basin, Thailand. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, G, I, K = 1 mm; C, D, M, O, Q = 0.5 mm; H, J, L, N, P, R = 0.25 mm. + + + +Pereopods. +Epipod present on first four pereopods. Chelae of first and second pereopods well-developed ( +Fig. 6E, F +). + + +First pereopod short ( +Fig. 6E +); chela 2.11–2.66 (median = 2.18, n = 11) times as long as wide, 1.31–1.62 (median = 1.48, n = 11) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 0.91–1.26 (median = 1.07, n = 11) times as long as palm; carpus excavated distally, 1.40–1.83 (median = 1.67, n = 11) times as long as wide, 0.78–1.10 (median = 0.96, n = 11) times as long as merus; merus 2.44–2.93 (median = 2.62, n = 11) times as long as wide, 1.15–2.14 (median = 1.84, n = 11) times as long as ischium. + + +Second pereopod more slender than first pereopod ( +Fig. 6F +); chela long, 2.71–3.40 (median = 2.84, n = 11) times as long as wide, 0.65–0.87 (median = 0.74, n = 11) times as long as carpus, tips of fingers round, with tuft of setae near tip; dactylus 1.17–2.20 (median = 1.80, n = 11) times as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.63–6.69 (median = 5.72, n = 11) times as long as wide, 0.43–0.75 (median = 0.54, n = 11) times as long as merus; merus 5.00–7.41 (median = 5.83, n = 11) times as long as wide, 1.24–2.15 (median = 1.54, n = 11) times as long as ischium. + + +Third pereopod not sexually dimorphic ( +Fig. 6G +); dactylus with 4–6 spiniform setae on flexor margin ( +Fig. 6H +), 2.23–3.13 (median = 2.65, n = 9) times as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus with numerous spiniform setae on lateral and posterior margin, 8.49–11.53 (median = 9.71, n = 9) times as long as wide, 4.34–5.67 (median = 4.50, n = 9) times as long as dactylus; carpus with 3–5 spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.13–5.36 (median = 4.69, n = 9) times as long as wide, 0.50–0.69 (median = 0.66, n = 9) times as long as propodus; merus with 4–5 large spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.25–6.96 (median = 6.67, n = 9) times as long as wide, 1.88–2.26 (median = 2.09, n = 9) times as long as carpus; ischium with one spiniform seta. + + +Fifth pereopod slender ( +Fig. 6I +); dactylus with 32–43 spiniform setae on flexor margin ( +Fig. 6J, n += 9), 2.76–3.96 (median = 3.41, n = 9) times as long as wide (including terminal claw), terminating with one large claw; propodus with numerous spiniform setae on posterior margin, 12.39–14.45 (median = 13.61, n = 9) times as long as wide, 4.31–5.79 (median = 4.70, n = 9) times as long as dactylus; carpus with 3–5 spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface, the distal seta largest, the other setae minute, 4.65–5.78 (median = 5.05, n = 9) times as long as wide, 0.45–0.56 (median = 0.52, n = 9) times as long as propodus; merus with 2–4 (mode = 2, n = 9) large setae on posterior margin of outer surface, 6.12–7.45 (median = 6.91, n = 9) times as long as wide, 1.48–1.82 (median = 1.61, n = 9) times as long as carpus; ischium without spiniform setae. + + +Pleopods. +Endopod of male first pleopod subtriangular ( +Fig. 6O, P +), wider proximally, 1.73–2.27 (median = 1.94, n = 7) times as long as width, 0.32–0.46 (median = 0.41, n = 7) times exopod length, with elongated appendix interna. Appendix masculina of second male pleopod rod-shaped ( +Fig. 6Q, R +), with numerous setae, 0.74–0.81 (median = 0.77, n = 7) times as long as endopod (including distal setae). Appendix interna slender, reaching 0.55–0.64 (median = 0.61, n = 7) times appendix masculina length. + + +Abdomen. +Sixth abdominal somite 0.32–0.50 (median = 0.43, n = 10) times carapace length, 1.10–1.54 (median = 1.29, n = 10) times as long as fifth somite, 0.60–0.99 (median = 0.82, n = 10) times as long as telson ( +Fig. 6A +). Telson 2.33–2.96 (median = 2.71, n = 10) times as long as wide, with 3–4 pairs of dorsal spiniform setae and one pair of dorsolateral spiniform setae ( +Fig. 6K +). Distal margin of telson subtriangular, with a posteromedian projection, and 6–9 moveable plumose setae, subequal in length ( +Fig. 6L +). Preanal carina subtriangular, high, without a spine ( +Fig. 6N +). Uropodal diaeresis with 15–22 short moveable spiniform setae ( +Fig. 6M +). + + +Eggs. +Ovigerous females with numerous eggs ( +Fig. 3F +, +6A +). Size of eye-developed eggs 0.41–0.46 × +0.24–0.29 mm +(n = 30). + + +Colour in life. +Female and male shrimps exhibit distinct colouration. For specimens from the Mae Klong River, male body is translucent, decorated with scattered small dark spots ( +Fig. 4E +). Colour of female shrimps is frequently dark to light blue, decorated with scattered small dark spots ( +Fig. 4F +). Rostrum is yellowish-orange. Each abdominal somite furnished dorsally with conspicuous yellowish-orange bands. Eggs are brown to orange. + + + + +Distribution and habitat. +Indonesia +( +Sumatra +), +Philippines +, +Singapore +, +Malaysia +, +Thailand +, +Myanmar +, +India +, +Pakistan +( +Kemp, 1918a +, b; +Kazmi et al., 2002 +; Cai et al., 2007; +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +; this study). Based on the field survey in the Mae Klong Basin in this study, + +C. sumatrensis + +is restricted to the lower part of the basin ( +Fig. 5 +), and commonly found in lowland rivers and their tributaries. They are found living on aquatic vegetation near the banks. + + + + +Remarks. +The morphology of + +C. sumatrensis + +from the Mae Klong Basin in our collection closely matches with the original description ( +De Man, 1892 +), redescription of +type +materials ( +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +), and descriptions in previous taxonomic literature (e.g., +Kemp, 1918b +; +Pillai, 1964 +; Cai et al., 2007). Particularly, the characteristic of the slightly bent downward rostrum with a ridge at the base in our samples ( +Fig. 6A, B +) is in close agreement with illustrations by previous studies (i.e., +De Man, 1892 +; Cai et al., 2007; +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +). Populations from Mae Klong Basin share a similar number of rostral teeth with those from the original description by +De Man (1892) +, including the number of dorsal teeth (17–21 vs 16–20), ventral teeth (3–6 both in the Mae Klong population and the original description), and postorbital teeth (4–6 vs 5–6). The egg size of the Mae Klong population is also congruent with previous reports (0.41–0.46 × +0.24–0.29 mm +vs 0.46–0.47 × +0.28–0.29 mm +by +Kemp, 1918b +; 0.46 × +0.28 mm +by +Pillai, 1964 +; and 0.40–0.42 × +0.22–0.25 mm +by +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +). However, the Mae Klong population possesses a slightly lower number of spiniform setae on the P5 dactylus (32–43 vs 36–57 by +Kemp, 1918b +; more than 40 by Cai et al., 2007; and 42–49 by +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +). + + +Originally, + +C. sumatrensis + +was proposed as a variant form of + +C. weberi + +, as “ + +Caridina weberi +var. +sumatrensis +De Man, 1892 + +”. +Wowor et al. (2004) +later elevated it as a valid species. This classification has been widely accepted in subsequent works ( +Cai & Shokita, 2006 +; Cai et al., 2007; +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +). + +Caridina sumatrensis + +differs from + +C. weberi + +in several points (see summary in +Table 3 +), including having a ridge at the base of rostrum (vs absent), longer rostrum (reaching near the end of third segment of antennular peduncle vs reaching to the base or near the middle of second segment of antennular peduncle), more dorsal teeth (16–20 vs 10–19, usually 13–14), more postorbital teeth (4–6 vs 0–2), shorter antennular peduncle (0.46–0.55 as long as CL vs 0.64 as long as CL), stouter P5 dactylus (2.76–3.96 vs 3.9–5.2 as long as wide), and the distal end of telson subtriangular (vs rounded) ( +De Man, 1892 +; Cai et al., 2007, +de Mazancourt et al., 2020 +; +Cai & Naiyanetr, 2024 +; this study). + + + +Caridina sumatrensis + +shares similarities with + +C. babaulti +. + +However, several key morphological characteristics can be used to separate them. The P2 chela of + +C. sumatrensis + +is more slender than those of + +C. babaulti + +(2.71–3.40 vs 2.5–2.9), while the P3 dactylus of + +C. sumatrensis + +has fewer spiniform setae (4–6 vs 7–10). + +Caridina sumatrensis + +possesses a conspicuous posteromedian projection on the distal end of the telson. This feature is absent in + +C. babaulti + +. In addition, + +C. sumatrensis + +produces small-sized eggs, whereas the eggs of + +C. babaulti + +are much larger (0.41–0.46 × +0.24–0.29 mm +vs 0.9–1.0 × +0.50–0.62 mm +) ( +Bouvier, 1918 +; +Pandya & Richard, 2019 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB1FF98440D546D6C548BFA.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB1FF98440D546D6C548BFA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..32fc0f50745 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB1FF98440D546D6C548BFA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Arctosa +C. L. +Koch, 1847 + + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Aranea cinerea +Fabricius, 1777 + +, from +France + +. + + + + +Comments. + +Arctosa +C.L. +Koch, 1847 + +, with 168 species and two subspecies ( +WSC, 2024 +), is one of the largest genera of +Lycosidae +. It is a poorly defined and undoubtedly polyphyletic genus ( +Wang et al., 2012 +). + +Arctosa + +has an almost worldwide distribution, although it does not occur in +Australia +. The genus is relatively well studied in Europe ( +Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1965 +; +Almquist, 2005 +), the Nearctic ( +Dondale & Redner, 1983 +; +Paquin & Dupérré, 2003 +), +Japan +( +Tanaka, 2009 +) and +Korea +( +Namkung, 2003 +). + + +Almost one-fifth (32) of all named + +Arctosa +species + +occur in +China +( +WSC, 2024 +). Chinese species have not been revised, and data regarding their taxonomy and distribution is scattered throughout numerous different papers ( +Song et al., 1999 +; +Yin et al., 2012 +; +Wang et al., 2012 +, +2021 +; +Zhang et al., 2022 +, etc.). + + +The diversity of + +Arctosa + +in Southeast Asia was poorly studied until recently. Currently, five species of this genus are known from this region: + +Arctosa tanakai +Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 + +( +Philippines +), + +A. delaportei + +, + +A. depectinata + +, + +A. kiangsiensis +, + +and + +A. springiosa + +( +Laos +) ( +Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 +, +Omelko & Marusik, 2022 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB1FF9B45A051ED6F898852.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB1FF9B45A051ED6F898852.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fb77a97a878 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB1FF9B45A051ED6F898852.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Arctosa delaportei +Omelko & Marusik, 2022 + + + + +(Figs. 1–5, 52–53) + + + + + + +Arctosa delaportei +Omelko & Marusik, 2022: 398 + + +, f. 1, 7–8, 15–17, 26, male. + + + + + +Material examined +. + +1 female +( +ZMMU +), +LAOS +, +Vientiane Prov. +, env. of +Nam-Lik Eco-Village +, +18°36′53.18″N +102°24′31.87″E +, +pitfall traps +at forest’s edge near paddy field, coll. +M.M. Omelko +, + +22–26 May 2016 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +By the trapezoidal septum with short, wide stem and general conformation of epigyne, female of + +Arctosa delaportei + +is related to that of + +A. gougu +Chen & Song, 1999 + +, + +A. springiosa + +, and + +A. ziyunensis +Yin, Peng & Bao, 1997 + +. Besides the similarity in its epigyne’s structure, the new species is close to + +A. springiosa + +in having very similar dark body colouration in dorsal view (cf. Fig. 1 and fig. 13B in +Wang et al. (2021)) +. All these species are known from +China +( + +A. springiosa + +from +China +and +Laos +). Females of + +A. delaportei + +may be distinguished from + +A. gougu + +and + +A. ziyunensis + +by the presence of large round glands (Gl) on its copulatory ducts (vs. absent; cf. Figs. 3–4 and fig. 1A in +Pan et al. (2016) +, fig. 406d in +Yin et al. (2012)) +. It can be easily differentiated from + +A. springiosa + +by the strongly curved copulatory ducts (CD); (vs. straight; cf. Fig. 5 and fig. 13H in +Wang et al. (2021)) +. + + + + +Description. +Female (Figs. 1–2). Total length 5.47. Carapace 2.51 long, 1.58 wide. Opisthosoma 2.81 long, 1.65 wide. Colouration. Carapace dark brown, lacking distinct pattern, slightly lighter in central part. Lateral bands absent. Fovea almost invisible. Clypeus brown, chelicerae brown. Chelicera with 3 pro- and 3 retromarginal teeth. Labium and endites brown with yellowish outer edge. Sternum dark brown. + +Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, PME 0.21, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.12, AME–PME 0.05, ALE–PME 0.05; clypeus height 0.08. + +Palpal femur dark brown; rest of segments brown. For palp and legs measurements see +Table 1 +. Coxae I–IV yellow; femora I dark brown with yellow distal part, II–IV dark brown with yellow proximal part; patellae I–IV dark brown; tibiae I–IV dark brown with yellow ring in middle; metatarsi I–III dark brown with poorly visible annulation, IV dark brown with clearly visible annulation; tarsi I–IV light brown. For spination of legs I–II see +Table 2 +. + +Abdomen dorsally dark grey, with poorly visible cardiac mark and irregular spots of short white setae. Lateral sides of the opisthosoma greyish. Ventral part dark brown. Spinnerets yellow. +Epigyne as shown in Figs. 3–5. Septum (Se) more or less trapezoidal in shape, covered with short, thick setae, septal stem (SS) short and wide. Hoods (Ho) large. Receptacles (Re) large, drop shaped, spaced by a distance 2 times their width. Copulatory ducts (CD) comparatively short, curved with pair of large round glands (Gl) clearly visible even on non-macerated epigyne. + +Notes. + +Arctosa delaportei + +was described on the basis of +two males +only, the female was reported as unknown ( +Omelko & Marusik, 2022 +). While further studying spiders collected in +Laos +, I unexpectedly found a single female of this species which was lost among other wolf spiders during initial sorting. Correctness of male/female matching is confirmed by: 1) the fact that the female was collected in the same locality and habitat as the males 2) both sexes were collected during the + + +RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY +2024 + + +Figs. 1–5. Habitus (1–2) and epigyne (3–5) of + +Arctosa delaportei + +, female. 1, 5 – dorsal; 2, 3, 4 – ventral. Scale: +1 mm +(1–2), +0.2 mm +(3–5). Abbreviations: CD – copulatory duct, FD – fertilisation duct, Gl – gland, Ho – hood, Re – receptacle, Se – septum, SS – septal stem. + +same period of the year (summer) and 3) the female has the exact same colouration as the male. + + + +Table 1. Length of palp and leg segments for the female of +Arctosa delaportei + + + + +Distribution +. +Type +locality in +Laos +only ( +Figs. 52–53 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB3FF9F45EF516D6EB38A55.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB3FF9F45EF516D6EB38A55.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c256dd1f30e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB3FF9F45EF516D6EB38A55.xml @@ -0,0 +1,479 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 6–21 +, +52–53 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: +Male +( +ZMMU +), +LAOS +, +Champasak Prov. +, env. of +Tad +E-Tu resort, +15°11′37.40″N +106° 5′57.28″E +, coll. +M.M. Omelko +, + +1–6 November 2013 + + +. + +Paratypes +: +2 males +, +1 female +( +ZMMU +), same place, dates and collector + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The specific name is a patronym in honour of my colleague Zhi-Sheng Zhang ( +Chongqing +, +China +), a prominent taxonomist for his contribution to the study of Asian spiders. + + + + +Diagnosis. +By general appearance and structure of its copulatory organs (shape of cymbium, palea, tegular apophysis, and septum) both sexes of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +, are similar to + +P. parathompsoni + +known from south +China +and +India +. Males of new species may be distinguished by the following features: 1) sperm duct (SD) is bent at an angle of almost 90° in ventral view (vs. almost straight, cf. +Figs. 10, 13 +and figs. 2D, F in +Wang & Zhang (2014)) +, 2) tegular apophysis (TA) pointing prolaterally (vs. anterioprolaterally, +Figs. 10, 13 +and fig. 2D, F in +Wang & Zhang (2014)) +, 3) terminal apophysis (Tr) long (vs. short, cf. +Figs. 14, 17, 18 +and figs. 1C, 2 G–H in +Wang & Zhang (2014)) +. Females of new species may be distinguished by: 1) base of septum (SB) with semi-transparent “wings” (SW) on its anterior edge (vs. lacking such structures, cf. +Figs. 19–20 +and figs. 1D, 2I in +Wang & Zhang (2014)) +, 2) receptacles (Re) with a strong constriction in the middle part (vs. of almost uniform width, cf. +Fig. 21 +and figs. 1E, 2J in +Wang & Zhang (2014)) +. + + + + +Description. +Male ( +holotype +) ( +Figs. 6–7 +). Total length 6.12. Carapace 3.21 long, 2.38 wide. Opisthosoma 2.89 long, 1.65 wide. Colouration. Carapace black with yellow median band widened near eye field. Widened part of median band with couple of black spots. Eye field black. Lateral bands yellow, distinct. Fovea thin, black. Clypeus and chelicerae black. Labium and endites black with yellow edges. Sternum black with yellow longitudinal stripe and three pairs of yellow spots near its edges. + +Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.12, PME 0.31, PLE 0.26; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.04, PME– PME 0.27, PME–PLE 0.33, AME–PME 0.12, ALE–PME 0.16; clypeus height 0.16. + +Palpal femur black; patella dark brown; tibia and cymbium black. For palp and leg measurements, see +Table 3 +. Coxae I light brown ventrally and black laterally, II–IV light brown; femora I dorsally brown, laterally and ventrally black with yellow proximal and distal parts, femora I dorsally and ventrally brown, laterally black with yellow proximal and distal parts; III–IV brown with irregular black spots; patellae I–IV light brown; tibiae and metatarsi I–IV yellowish, without annulation; tarsi I–IV yellowish. For leg spination, see +Table 4 +. + +Dorsal part of the opisthosoma black, with black cardiac mark bordered with yellow stripes and series of yellow spots posteriorly. Lateral sides of the opisthosoma black with lots of white spots. Ventral part light brown with grey longitudinal stripe. Spinnerets brown. + +Palp as shown in +Figs. 10–18 +. Cymbium ca. 1.92 times longer than bulb. Tegulum (Te) with several wrinkles (TW) on its retrolateral side. Subtegulum (St) oval, located prolaterally. Tegular apophysis (TA) large, widened proximally with pointed tip curved ventrally. Terminal apophysis (Tr) long, crescent-like, sharply pointed. Conductor (Co) thin, semi-transparent. Palea (Pa) large, chitinised prolaterally with semi-transparent peak (Pe). Embolus (Em) long, thin, wavy near its tip. + + +RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY +2024 + + + +Figs. 6–9. Habitus of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. 6 – male, dorsal; 7 – ditto, ventral; 8 – female, dorsal; 9 – ditto, ventral. Scale: 2 mm. + + + + +Table 3. Length of palp and leg segments for the male of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. + + + + +Table 4. Leg spination for the male of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Fe + +Pa + +Ti + +Mt + +Ta + +Total +
Palp1.350.660.88–1.093.98
I2.421.062.182.071.469.19
II2.331.031.991.941.318.6
III2.280.941.912.151.198.47
IV2.921.032.573.491.6711.68
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Fe + +Pa + +Ti + +Mt +
I3d 2p 2(3)r1p 1r2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
II3d 2p 2r1p 1r2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
III3d 2p 2r2d 1p 1r2d 2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
IV3d 2p 1r2d 1p 1r2d 2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 1-1-1-1v
+ + +Female (one of the +paratypes +) ( +Figs. 8–9 +). Total length 6.78. Carapace 3.39 long, 2.44 wide. Opisthosoma 3.61 long, 2.09 wide. Colouration. Carapace dorsally like in male but much lighter. Clypeus yellow, chelicerae light brown. Labium grey with light brown outer edge. Endites light brown. Sternum light brown without pattern. + +Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.10, PME 0.36, PLE 0.31; AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.05, PME– +PME 0.30, PME–PLE 0.39, AME–PME 0.15, ALE–PME 0.12; clypeus height 0.21. + +Palpal femur light brown with grey spots distally; other segments light brown. For palp and legs measurements see +Table 5 +. Coxae I–IV light brown; femora I–IV light brown with greyish spots; patellae I–IV light brown; tibiae and metatarsi I–IV light brown, without annulation; tarsi I–IV light brown. For leg spination see +Table 6 +. + + + +Figs. 10–18. Male palp (10–11), bulb (12–15) and embolic division (16–18) of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. 10, 13, 16 – ventral; 11, 14 – retrolateral; 12 – prolateral; 15, 17 – anterior; 18 – ventro-retrolateral. Scale: 0.2 mm (10–15), 0.1 mm (16–18). Abbreviations: Co – conductor, Em – embolus, Pa – palea, Pe – paleal peack, SD – sperm duct, St – subtegulum, TA – tegular apophysis, Te – tegulum, Tr – terminal apophysis, TW – tegular wrinkles. + + + +RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY +2024 + + + +Figs. 19–21. Epigyne of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. 19, 20 – ventral; 21 – dorsal. Scale: 0.1 mm. + +Abbreviations: CD – copulatory duct, Ho – hood, Re – receptacle, SB – septal base, SS – septal stem, SW – septal “wings”. + + + +Table 5. Length of palp and leg segments for the female of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. + + +Dorsal part of the opisthosoma like in males but much lighter. Lateral sides of the opisthosoma light brown with grey spots. Ventral part light yellow. Spinnerets light brown. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Fe + +Pa + +Ti + +Mt + +Ta + +Total +
Palp1.180.580.82–1.183.76
I2.531.172.211.831.379.11
II2.561.082.031.811.318.79
III2.300.961.942.101.258.55
IV3.081.092.743.641.7912.34
+ + +Epigyne as shown in +Figs. 19–21 +. Septum anchor-shaped, septal base (SB) with kind of semi-transparent “wings” (SW) on its anterior edge, long stem (SS) narrowing posteriorly and widening anteriorly. Hoods (Ho) triangular, widely spaced (distance between hoods 1.4 times of hood length). Receptacles (Re) large, kidney-shaped with strong constriction in their middle part, spaced by a distance ca. 2.5 times their width. Copulatory ducts (CD) shorter than receptacles’ length, slightly curved. + + + + +Table 6. Leg spination for the female of + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +. + + + + +Distribution +. Only known from the +type +locality in +Laos +( +Figs. 52–53 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB6FF9E46FA50326CD38543.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB6FF9E46FA50326CD38543.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..291af0e62bf --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB6FF9E46FA50326CD38543.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Trochosa +C. L. +Koch, 1847 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Aranea ruricola +De Geer, 1778 + +, from the Palearctic. + + + + +Comments. + +Trochosa +C. L. +Koch, 1847 + +, with 93 species ( +WSC, 2024 +), is a relatively large genus within +Lycosidae +. The majority of species in this genus (33) are known from the Afrotropical realm, with only 17 species inhabiting the Indomalayan realm. Indomalayan + +Trochosa + +are recorded from +India +and +Nepal +(6 species combined), +Indonesia +(5 species), southern +China +(3 species), the +Philippines +(2 species), and 1 species, + +Trochosa ruricoloides +Schenkel, 1963 + +, is found throughout the entire Indomalayan realm. Until now, no species of this genus have been reported from +Laos +. The Indomalayan + +Trochosa + +remain poorly studied, with nearly half of the species (8) known only from one sex, primarily females. This may lead to identification challenges, as females in this genus are frequently almost indistinguishable. Almost all species from this region (14 out of 17) have been illustrated in 1–2 publications. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB7FF91462A51246C028A04.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB7FF91462A51246C028A04.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..51c860c8a04 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB7FF91462A51246C028A04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Trochosa bannaensis +Yin & Chen, 1995 + +, in +Yin et al., 1995 + + + + + + +( +Figs. 22–26 +, +52–53 +) + + + + + + +T. bannaensis + +: + +Pan et al., 2016: 410 + +, fig. 4A–E, 5A–D, male and female. + + + + + +T. bannaensis + +: + +Wang et al., 2021: 57 + +, fig. 58A–H, 59A–C, 60A–D, male and female. + + + +See the full list of references in +WSC (2024) +. + + + + +Material examined. + +52 males +, +1 female +( +FEFU +), +LAOS +, +Vientiane Prov. +, env. of +Nam-Lik Eco-Village +, +18°36′53.18″N +102°24′31.87″E +, +pitfall traps +in secondary forest and near rice field, coll. +M.M. Omelko +, A.A., +Komisarenko +, 23 +May +–12 + + + + +Figs. 27–31. Male (27), female (28), male palp (29–30, cymbial claw is broken off) and epigyne (31) of + +Trochosa ruricoloides + +. 27, 28 – dorsal; 29, 31 – ventral; 30 – retrolateral. Scale: 1 mm (27–28), 0.2 mm (29–31). + + + +June 2016; + +4 males +, +7 females +( +FEFU +), same place, habitats and collectors, + +4–26 June 2017 + + +. + + +Notes. +I do not provide a redescription here because this species was well illustrated recently (see references above). It is important to note that the shape of the tegular apophysis slightly varies from male to male—such differences may lead to mistaken inferences of new undescribed species. + + + + +Distribution. +China +( +Hainan +, +Yunnan +) and +Laos +(new record; +Figs. 52–53 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB8FF9045E650C36FF88C9A.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB8FF9045E650C36FF88C9A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..29ec99e7040 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB8FF9045E650C36FF88C9A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Trochosa ruricoloides +Schenkel, 1963 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 27–31 +, +52–53 +) + + + + + + +T. ruricoloides + +: + +Marusik et al., 2020: 485 + +, fig. 1d–e, 2e–f, 4d, male and female. + + + + + +T. ruricoloides + +: + +Wang et al., 2021: 64 + +, fig. 63A–H, 64A–E, 65A–D, male and female. + + + +See the full list of references in +WSC (2024) +. + + + + +Material examined. + +Male +( +FEFU +), +LAOS +, +Champasak Prov. +, env. of +Tad +E-Tu resort, +15°11′37.40″N +106° 5′57.28″E +, coll. +M.M. Omelko +, + +1–6 November 2013 + +; +2 males +, +5 females + +, + +Vientiane Prov. +, env. of +Nam-Lik Eco-Village +, +18°36′53.18″N +102°24′31.87″E +, +pitfall traps +at meadows and rice paddies, coll. +M.M. Omelko +, + +19–24 November 2013 + +; +13 males +, +2 females +( +FEFU +) + +, + +same place and collector, + +17 May–12 June 2016 + +; +10 males +, +5 females +( +FEFU +) + +, same place and collector, +30 May–27 June 2017 +. + + +Notes. +I do not provide a redescription here because this species was well illustrated recently (see references above). A single male collected in +Champasak Province +is noticeably larger than those from +Vientiane Province +and its palp structure is slightly different. There is a possibility that it represents an undescribed + +Trochosa +species. + +Figs. 27, 29–30 +show a typical male of + +T. ruricoloides + +from +Vientiane Province +. + + + + +Distribution. +India +, +China +( +Hainan +, +Guangdong +, +Fujian +, +Yunnan +, +Jiangxi +, +Zhejiang +, +Hunan +, +Hubei +, +Sichuan +, +Tibet +, +Shaanxi +), +Taiwan +, +Thailand +, +Malaysia +, +Indonesia +, +Papua New Guinea +, and +Laos +(new record; +Figs. 52–53 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB9FF90443F554D681F8D9A.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB9FF90443F554D681F8D9A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6b467b2891a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB9FF90443F554D681F8D9A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Wadicosa +Zyuzin, 1985 + + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Lycosa fidelis +O. +Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 + +, from +West Asia + +. + + + + +Comments. + +Wadicosa + +is a comparatively small genus of wolf spiders consisting of 17 named species ( +WSC, 2024 +) and one species from Borneo which was described but not formally named ( +Zehethofer, 1998 +). + +Wadicosa + +was established by +Zyuzin (1985) +as the only genus of Wadicosinae Zуuzin, 1985 with the +type +species + +Lycosa venatrix +Lucas, 1846 + +. The genus diagnosis was amended by +Kronestedt & Zyuzin (2009) +together with the fixation of + +Lycosa fidelis +O. +Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 + +as a new +type +species. Males of + +Wadicosa + +can be recognised by the palpal tegulum having an anterior retrolateral process. Some species also have a posterior retrolateral process. Females have epigyne with oval or rounded foveolae (pockets). For the full list of characters, see +Kronestedt & Zyuzin (2009) +. + + +Most species are restricted in their distribution to the Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms (ten and four, respectively). One species is known from the Palearctic; three species, including the +type +species + +Wadicosa fidelis + +, are known across the Palearctic and Indomalayan realms. The actual range boundaries of + +Wadicosa + +distribution remain unclear; however, they are evidently much broader than currently known. As mentioned earlier, one unnamed species is known from Borneo, and another poorly known species, currently placed in + +Pardosa + +under the name of + +P. bleyi +( +Dahl, 1908 +) + +but undoubtedly belonging to + +Wadicosa + +, is described from +Papua New Guinea +( +Dahl, 1908 +). + + +Almost all + +Wadicosa + +are known from both sexes. Exceptions are + +W. russellsmithi +Kronestedt, 2015 + +and + +W. prasantae +Ahmed, Anam, Saikia, Manthen & Saikia, 2014 + +which were described using females only. Most species are welldescribed/redescribed and depicted thanks to +Kronestedt (2015 +, +2017 +, +2023 +) and Kronestedt & Zуuzin (2009). However, a few + +Wadicosa +species + +are poorly studied, being known only from the original descriptions. One such species is + +W. daliensis + +which was only known from south +China +( +Hainan +, +Guangdong +, +Yunnan +Provinces) until the present study. Despite this species being depicted in several publications ( +Yin et al., 1997a +; +Yin et al., 1997b +; Song et. al., 1999) all its images were taken from the original description. Because these images are very schematic, bulb and embolic division have never been studied before and the original diagnosis was made in Chinese only, I decided to redescribe this species in detail and re-diagnose it. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB9FF97467854666F058EFA.xml b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB9FF97467854666F058EFA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f30be09d9c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F1/87/03F187BDFFB9FF97467854666F058EFA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,647 @@ + + + +New data on wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Laos + + + +Author + +Omelko, Mikhail M. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-12 + + +72 + + +235 +251 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0020 +2345-7600 +14683140 +4CE93702-0F79-43A8-8876-1FE76944C010 + + + + + + + +Wadicosa daliensis +Yin, Peng & Zhang, 1997 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 32–53 +) + + + + + +W. daliensis +Yin et al., 1997: 99 + +, fig. 1–6, male and female. + + +See the full list of references in +WSC (2024) +. + + + + +Material examined +. + +7 males +, +3 females +( +FEFU +), +LAOS +, +Vientiane Prov. +, env. of +Nam-Lik Eco-Village +, +18°36′53.18″N +102°24′31.87″E +, +hand picking and pitfall traps +at river and lake banks, along roads, coll. +M.M. Omelko +, + +7–25 November 2013 + + +; +1 male +, same place and collector, +4–9 June 2016 +; + +9 males +, +1 female +( +FEFU +), same place and collector, + +14 June–25 July 2017 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis +. By general appearance, palp and structure of its copulatory organs (shape of tegulum, tegular apophysis, embolus, fovea, and receptacle) + +Wadicosa daliensis + +is closely related to + +W. fidelis + +and + +W. okinawensis +( +Tanaka, 1985 +) + +. Males of + +W. daliensis + +may be differentiated from + +W. fidelis + +by: 1) a large posterior retrolateral process of tegulum (PP; vs. small, cf. +Figs. 41–43 +and figs. 1, +12 in +Kronestedt & Zyuzin (2009)) +, 2) tegular apophysis (TA) strongly curved, widened medially in ventral view (vs. slightly curved, widened distally, cf. +Figs. 39, 42 +and fig. +1 in +Kronestedt & Zyuzin (2009)) +; from + +W. okinawensis + +by: 1) dark carapace and abdomen coloration (vs. very light, cf. +Figs. 32, 34 +and figs. 69A in +Wang et al. (2021)) +, 2) serrated retrolateral edge of tegulum (Ed; vs. smooth, cf. +Fig. 43 +and Figs. 69D, 70B in +Wang et al. (2021)) +. Females of + +W. daliensis + +can be differentiated from those of + +W. fidelis + +by U-shaped receptacles (vs. rounded, cf. +Fig. 51 +and fig. +17 in +Kronestedt & Zyuzin (2009)) +; from + +W. okinawensis + +by: 1) septal base (SB) width/height ratio ca. 2.9 (vs. 2.1, cf. +Fig. 49–50 +and fig. 69G in +Wang et al. (2021)) +, 2) oval foveolae (Fv) (vs. almost round, cf. +Figs. 49–50 +and fig. 69G in +Wang et al. (2021)) +. + + + + +Description. +Male ( +Figs. 32–34 +). Total length 5.41. Carapace 3.01 long, 2.29 wide. Opisthosoma 2.42 long, 1.67 wide. Colouration. Carapace dark brown covered with more or less dense (cf. +Figs. 32 and 34 +) white setae, with yellow, star-like median band, eye field black. Lateral bands brown, indistinct, divided into several spots. Fovea thin, dark brown. Clypeus black, chelicerae dark brown, labium black. Endites dark brown with yellow outer edges. Sternum black with indistinct brown spots. + + + +Figs. 32–37. Male (32–34), female (35–36) and male palp (37) of + +Wadicosa daliensis + +. 32, 34, 35 – dorsal; 33, 36 – ventral; 37 – prolateral. Scale: 1 mm (32–36), 0.2 mm (37). + + + + +Table 7. Length of palp and leg segments for the male of +Wadicosa daliensis + + + + +Table 9. Length of palp and leg segments for the female of +Wadicosa daliensis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Fe + +Pa + +Ti + +Mt + +Ta + +Total +
Palp1.090.520.66–1.233.5
I2.270.982.152.031.368.79
II2.210.901.862.021.278.26
III2.040.921.592.221.127.89
IV2.761.022.433.821.6411.67
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Fe + +Pa + +Ti + +Mt + +Ta + +Total +
Palp1.110.550.75–1.023.43
I2.301.022.141.871.328.65
II2.131.061.871.811.208.07
III2.060.871.552.061.097.63
IV2.960.992.493.821.6011.86
+ + + +Table 8. Leg spination for the male of +Wadicosa daliensis + + + + +Table 10. Leg spination for the female of +Wadicosa daliensis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Fe + +Pa + +Ti + +Mt +
I3d 2p 3r1d 1p 1r2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
II3d 2p 3r2d 1p 1r2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
III3d 2p 2(3)r2d 1p 1r2d 2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
IV3d 2p 1r2d 1p 1r2d 2p 2r 2-1-1v2p 2r 1-1-1-1v
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Fe + +Pa + +Ti + +Mt +
I3d 2p 3r1p 1r2p 1r 2-2v1p 1r 2-2v
II3d 2p 3r1p 1r2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
III3d 3p 3r2d 1p 1r2d 2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
IV3d 2p 1r2d 1p 1r2d 2p 2r 2-2v2p 2r 2-2v
+ +Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.11, PME 0.33, PLE 0.26; AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.03, PME– PME 0.33, PME–PLE 0.35, AME–PME 0.10, ALE–PME 0.09; clypeus height 0.22. + +Palpal femur black with yellow distal part; patella and tibia yellow covered with white setae; cymbium black with white setae proximally. For palp and legs measurements see +Table 7 +. Coxae I–II dark grey, III–IV yellow; femora I dark brown dorsally and laterally, brown ventrally, II–IV light brown with grey annulation; patellae I–IV light brown; tibiae and metatarsi I–IV light brown with poorly visible greyish annulation; tarsi I–IV light brown. For leg spination see +Table 8 +. + + +Dorsal part of the opisthosoma grey with dark brown cardiac mark and series of yellow spots. In some specimens these spots large, merging with each other (cf. +Figs. 32 and 34 +). Lateral sides of the opisthosoma greyish with lots of yellow spots. Ventral part light brown with 4 sub-longitudinal lines consisting of tiny dark brown spots. Spinnerets light brown. + + +Palp as shown in +Figs. 37–48 +. Tibia 1.6 times longer than wide. Cymbium 1.5 times longer than bulb and 1.5 times longer than tibia. Tegulum (Te) with heavily sclerotised lanceolate posterior retrolateral process (PP), conical anterior process (AP); retrolaterally with serrated edge (Ed). Subtegulum (St) prolaterally positioned, partly hidden by large shell-like cuticular cover (CC). Tegular apophysis (TA) consists of two branches. Upper branch (UB) long, crescent-like in ventral view, strongly flattened in anterior view, with triangular extension (AE) medially. UB proximally covered with tiny spinulae barely visible in light microscope. Lower branch (LB) small, triangular. Conductor (Co) large, heavily sclerotised with hook-shaped tip in retrolateral view. Embolus (Em) long, forming large bend over tegular apophysis. Apical part of embolus widened, semi-transparent; embolic tip acute. + + +Female ( +Figs. 35–36 +). Total length 6.04. Carapace 2.88 long, 2.36 wide. Opisthosoma 3.13 long, 2.09 wide. Colouration. Carapace and opisthosoma like in male but somewhat lighter, white setae less visible. Clypeus and chelicerae light brown. + +Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.11, PME 0.33, PLE 0.28; AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.04, PME– PME 0.31, PME–PLE 0.39, AME–PME 0.12, ALE–PME 0.11; clypeus height 0.26. + +All segments of palp light brown. For palp and legs measurements see +Table 9 +. Coxae I–IV yellowish. femora I–IV dorsally and laterally light brown with grey annulation, ventrally yellow; patellae I–IV light brown; tibiae and metatarsi I–IV light brown with poorly visible annulation; tarsi I–IV light brown. For leg spination see +Table 10 +. + +Lateral sides of the opisthosoma yellow with tiny grey spots. Ventral part yellow. Spinnerets light brown. + +Epigyne as shown in +Figs. 49–51 +. Fovea (Fo) ca. 2.2 times wider than long. Receptacles (Re) long, turned U-shaped. Septum (Se) triangular with wide base (SB) and short, poorly visible stem (SS). Foveolae (Fv; pockets) oval, ca. 2 times longer than wide, with large hoods (Ho). + + + +Figs. 38–48. Male palp (38–40), bulb (41–44) and embolic division (45–48) of + +Wadicosa daliensis + +. 38, 41 – prolateral; 39, 42, 45 – ventral; 40, 43, 46 – retrolateral; 44, 47 – anterior; 48 – prolatero-anterior. Scale: 0.2 mm (38–44), 0.1 mm (45–48). Abbreviations: AE – extension of tegular apophysis, AP – anterior retrolateral process of tegulum, CC – cuticular cover of bulb, Co – conductor, Ed – retrolateral edge of tegulum, Em – embolus, LB – lower branch of tegular apophysis, PP – posterior retrolateral process of tegulum, SD – sperm duct, St – subtegulum, TA – tegular apophysis, Te – tegulum, UB – upper branch of tegular apophysis. + + + + +Figs. 49–51. Epigyne of + +Wadicosa daliensis + +. 49 – ventral, intact; 50 – ventral, macerated; 51 – dorsal. Scale: 0.2 mm. + +Abbreviations: FD – fertilisation duct, Fv – foveola (pocket), Fo – fovea, Ho – hood, Re – receptacle, SB – septal base, Se – septum (outlined by dashed line), SS – septal stem. + + + +Figs. 52–53. Collecting localities of (1) + +Arctosa delaportei +Omelko & Marusik, 2022 + +, + +Trochosa bannaensis +Yin & Chen, 1995 + +, + +T. ruricoloides +Schenkel, 1963 + +, + +Wadicosa daliensis +Yin, Peng & Zhang, 1997 + +, (2) + +Pardosa zhishengi + +, +new species +., + +T. ruricoloides + +. + + + +Notes. +As mentioned above, one of the species closest to + +Wadicosa daliensis + +is + +W. okinawensis + +. This species was described from southern +Japan +(Nansei islands; +Tanaka (1985)) +and later found in +China +( +Hainan +; +Wang et al. (2021)) +. The original black and white drawings of the copulatory organs of + +W. okinawensis + +are highly schematic, and the colour photographs are of small size ( +Chikuni, 1989 +), making a careful comparison of the photos of my specimens of + +W. daliensis + +with the images of + +W. okinawensis + +from +Japan +impossible. For this reason, I only compare them with photos of + +W. okinawensis + +from +China +. However, live photographs of + +W. okinawensis + +from +China +differ significantly from those from +Japan +(cf. Figs. 2E–F in +Wang et al. (2021) +and fig. +35 in +Chikuni (1989)) +. Additionally, noticeable differences exist in the structure of the female epigyne, such as the varying shape of the fovea and foveolae (pockets) (cf. fig. 69G in +Wang et al. (2021) +and fig. +35 in +Chikuni (1989)) +. In my opinion, the spiders identified from +China +as + +W. okinawensis + +are likely not conspecific with those from +Japan +and may possibly be described as a new species in the future. + + + + +Distribution +. +China +( +Guangdong +, +Hainan +, +Yunnan +Provinces), +Laos +(new record; +Figs. 52–53 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C40CE27FE89C6D39FC8FD80.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C40CE27FE89C6D39FC8FD80.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..60b6b27c82c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C40CE27FE89C6D39FC8FD80.xml @@ -0,0 +1,217 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Takedaplax + +, +new genus + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Lophoplax sextuberculata +Takeda & Kurata, 1984 + +, by present designation. Gender of genus feminine. + + +Included species. +Only + +Lophoplax sextuberculata +Takeda & Kurata, 1984 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace rectangular; epigastric, postorbital and hepatic areoles well developed with anterior margin cristate to subcristate; epigastric region gently convex, smooth, setose, not areolate; protogastric, cardiac, mesobranchial and cardiobranchial regions may be raised to form areole in larger specimens, barely or not visible in smaller specimens; intestinal region not prominently raised, no visible intestino-branchial areole; surface adjacent to posterior carapace margin almost flat, not forming ridge, no transverse channel visible; orbit clearly visible in dorsal view, supraorbital margin breaking general carapace outline, forming distinct concavity; eyes freely movable, ocular peduncle relatively long; lateral lobe of frontal margin low, indistinct; anterolateral margin with 4 visible teeth or spines (including external orbital tooth), last one often small; posterolateral margins sinuous, gently converging towards posterior carapace margin. Endostome not obliquely recessed posteriorly into buccal cavern, subparallel to adjacent pterygostomial surface, low, short endostomial ridges. Posterior margin of epistome entire, without lateral fissures, median part triangular, lateral parts distinctly concave. Third maxilliped ischium subquadrate, length about 1.3× width. Adult male chelipeds almost symmetrical; dorsal surface of carpus with prominent longitudinal areole, separated from swollen lateral fringe by groove; chela relatively slender with external surface covered with tubercles and granules. Ambulatory legs elongate, slender, P4 longest, about 2.0× carapace width; P2–5 merus without crest on extensor margin, distally unarmed, outer surface smooth, without medio-longitudinal swelling; P4 merus length about 4.3× height, distinctly longer than half carapace width. G1 strongly sinuous, tip recurved. + + + + +Etymology. +The genus is named after Masatsune Takeda, whose work on the genus has been invaluable in the present revision, and we thank him for encouraging us to “finish the job” by revising the generic position of all species previously placed in + +Lophoplax + +. The name is derived from his family name, in arbitrary combination with + +Lophoplax + +. Gender is feminine. + + + + +Remarks. +The six prominent areolets on the anterior half of the carapace of + +Lophoplax sextuberculata + +is the only character that links the species to + +Lophoplax + +, although the position of the areolets are different. Compared to + +Lophoplax + +sensu stricto +, however, + +L. sextuberculata + +has a distinctly wider carapace which appears rectangular in form, in sharp contrast to the more quadrate form. Most markedly, it differs in having the posterior margin of the epistome entire, without any lateral fissures ( +Figs. 8E +, +9D +). In + +Lophoplax + +sensu stricto +, as well as + +Myopilumnus + +, + +Hosekia + +, +new genus +, and + +Striacoeloma + +, +new genus +, the posterior epistomial margin is divided into three distinct lobes by well-defined fissures (e.g., +Figs. 3B +, +4E +, +5E +, +6C, D +). The form of the epistome is the same as in the pilumnid genus + +Pseudolitochira +Ward, 1942 + +(sensu +Ng et al., 2021 +). Species of + +Pseudolitochira + +, however, are very setose, with long silky setae that partially or completely obscure the margins and surfaces, and lack any trace of areoles on the carapace, with the regions smooth and hardly demarcated ( +Ng & Clark, 2022a +, b; +Ng & Lin, 2023 +; +Ng, 2024a +). + + +In the general appearance of the carapace, especially in the overall shape and the reduced size of the fourth anterolateral tooth/spine, + +Lophoplax sextuberculata + +is superficially similar to + +Viaderiana typica +Ward, 1942 + +, the +type +species of + +Viaderiana +Ward, 1942 + +. + +Viaderiana typica + +(and congeners), however, have the extensor margin of the ambulatory merus armed with at least one spine, the regions are never prominently raised to form granules, the ischium of the third maxilliped is distinctly more elongate, and the posterior epistomal margin is divided into three distinct lobes by distinct fissures (see Ng, 2023, 2024b). + + +As such, + +Lophoplax sextuberculata + +is made the +type +species of + +Takedaplax + +, +new genus +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C41CE3AFF4AC2939D57FE63.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C41CE3AFF4AC2939D57FE63.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f17c3ef4e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C41CE3AFF4AC2939D57FE63.xml @@ -0,0 +1,317 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Takedaplax sextuberculata +( +Takeda & Kurata, 1984 +) + +, +new combination + + + + + + +( +Figs. 8 +, +9 +) + + + + + + + +Lophoplax sextuberculata +Takeda & Kurata, 1984: 200 + + +, figs. 14–16; + +Takeda, 1993: 40 + +; + +Ng et al., 2008: 143 + +; + +Takeda & Komatsu, 2018: 176 + +, fig. 6H; + +Takeda & Komatsu, 2023: 167 + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 male +(4.0 × +3.2 mm +) (NSMT-Cr S 1253), west of +Chichi-jima +[= Island], +Ogasawara Islands +, +Japan +, +27°04.55′N +142°09.16′E +– +27°04.73′N +142°09.31′E +, 83– + +81 m + +, +R +/ +V +Koyo, 2008 cruise, station KY-08-15, + +28 October 2008 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +As for genus. + + + + +Description. +Carapace rectangular; frontal and anterolateral margins with scattered tufts of short and medium-length setae, not brush-like, not concealing margins; regions well demarcated with 6 anterior areoles always large, distinct: epigastric areole with cristate anterior margin; postorbital areole transversely wide, anterior margin subcristate; hepatic areole rounded with subcristate anterior margin; protogastric, cardiac, mesobranchial and cardiobranchial regions gently convex to barely discernible in smaller specimens, gently raised to low areoles in larger specimens; gastro-cardiac with grooves shallow ( +Fig. 8A, B +); intestinal region not prominently raised, no visible intestino-branchial areole; surface adjacent to posterior carapace margin almost flat, not forming ridge, no transverse channel visible ( +Fig. 8B +); mesobranchial regions smooth; metabranchial regions covered with granules ( +Fig. 8B +). Subhepatic and suborbital regions almost smooth; pterygostomial region with scattered small granules ( +Fig. 8D +). Frontal margin distinctly bilobed, convex, with deep median cleft, lateral lobe very low, just visible in dorsal view ( +Fig. 8A, B +). Supraorbital margin long, sinuous, with distinct submedian lobe, without fissure or cleft ( +Fig. 8B +). Orbit dorsal, supraorbital margin, eyes clearly visible in dorsal view; eyes freely movable, ocular peduncle relatively long, filling orbit ( +Fig. 8B, D +). Anterolateral margin with 4 visible teeth or spines (including external orbital tooth), external orbital tooth triangular, next 3 teeth acutely triangular to spiniform, last tooth smallest ( +Fig. 8A, B +). Posterolateral margin sinuous, unarmed, margins gently converging towards almost straight posterior carapace margin ( +Fig. 8A, B +). Antennules rectangular, relatively large; antennules folding laterally ( +Fig. 8D +). Basal antennal article subquadrate; flagellum entering orbital hiatus. Posterior margin of epistome entire, without lateral fissures, median part triangular, lateral parts distinctly concave (8E, 9D). Endostome not obliquely recessed posteriorly into buccal cavern, subparallel to adjacent pterygostomial surface, low, short endostomial ridges present. + + +Third maxilliped with ischium relatively short, subquadrate, length 1.3× width, with shallow median oblique sulcus; merus subquadrate, anterolateral angle slightly auriculiform. Exopod relatively stout, tip just reaching to before distal edge of merus ( +Figs. 8C +, +9C +). + + +Male thoracic sternum surface smooth; sternites 1 and 2 completely fused, wide, lateral margins gently concave to sinuous; sternites 3 and 4 fused with only very shallow median groove and lateral notches visible; suture between sternites 2 and 3 gently sinuous ( +Fig. 8F +). Sternite 8 clearly visible as subovate plate adjacent to pleonal somite 2 when pleon closed ( +Fig. 9G +). Tubercle of male pleonal locking mechanism on anterior one-third of somite 5. + + +Adult male chelipeds almost symmetrical, relatively slender ( +Fig. 8A, G, H +). Basis-ischium fused but suture visible; extensor margins granulated ( +Fig. 1C +). Merus short, surface slightly rugose; flexor and extensor margins with tubercles and granules; inner distal angle dentiform with low subdistal angle ( +Fig. 8A, H +). Carpus surface granulate; dorsal surface of carpus with prominent longitudinal areole, separated from swollen lateral fringe by groove; inner distal angle with sharp tooth ( +Figs. 8A, H +, +9B +). Chela with dorsal surface covered with granules; inner surface almost smooth; median and ventral surfaces covered with tubercles and granules; margins of chela with scattered long and short setae, not dense or brush-like; fingers slender, slightly shorter than palm, pigmented brown along distal half; occlusal margins with low teeth, forming distinct gape when closed ( +Fig. 8G, H +). + + +Ambulatory legs long, P4 longest, about 2.0× carapace width; P4 merus length about 4.3× height, distinctly longer than half carapace width; outer surface almost smooth; coxa rounded; merus elongate, P2–5 extensor margin not armed, entire, lined with short and long setae that does not obscure surface; surface of P2–5 gently convex, without median swelling or ridge; P2–5 carpus relatively smooth, with very low submarginal ridge, lowest or barely visible in P5; propodus laterally flattened, unarmed, relatively long in P2–4, shortest in P5; P2–4 dactylus falciform, unarmed, P5 dactylus shorter, slightly upturned; dactylo-propodal lock visible ( +Figs. 8A +, +9E, F +). + + +Male pleon triangular, all somites and telson free; somite 1 broadly rectangular, reaching base of P5 coxae; somite 2 transversely narrower than somite 1, subtrapezoidal; somite 3 broadly subtrapezoidal, as wide as somite 1, somites 4 and 5 trapezoidal, somite 6 and telson missing ( +Fig. 9G +). + + + +Fig. 8. + +Takedaplax sextuberculata +( +Takeda & Kurata, 1984 +) + +, +new combination +, male (4.0 × 3.2 mm) (NSMT-Cr S 1253), Japan. A, dorsal habitus (right side partially brushed); B, carapace (right side denuded); C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, epistome; F, anterior thoracic sternum and part of pleon; G, left chela; H, dorsal view of right cheliped. + + + + +Fig. 9. + +Takedaplax sextuberculata +( +Takeda & Kurata, 1984 +) + +, +new combination +. A–C, holotype female (8.2 × 6.2 mm) (NSMT-Cr S 8949) (after +Takeda & Kurata, 1984 +: figs. 14–16); D–J, male (4.0 × 3.2 mm) (NSMT-Cr S 1253), Japan. A, carapace; B, dorsal view of left cheliped; C, right third maxilliped; D, epistome; E, right P4; F, right P5; G, pleon (missing somite 6 and telson) showing exposed sternite 8 lateral to somite 2; H, right G1 (ventral view); I, right G1 (dorsal view); J, right G2. Scales: D, G = 0.5 mm; E, F = 1.0 mm; H–J = 0.2 mm. + + + +G1strongly sinuous, distally recurved, tapering to slightly rounded tip, hooked inwards; subdistal surface with 1 long stout seta ( +Fig. 9H, I +). G2 short, about ¼ length of G1, sigmoid ( +Fig. 9J +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Lophoplax sextuberculata + +was described from the female +holotype +(8.2 × +6.2 mm +) and +two male +paratypes +(both 5.2 × +3.8 mm +) collected from inside a fish stomach from Takinoura Bay, Ani-jima [= +Island +], Ogasawara Islands, and a +paratype +male (5.5 × +4.5 mm +) from Tanegashima [= +Island +] (southern Kyushu) ( +Takeda & Kurata, 1984 +; +Takeda, 1993 +). +Takeda & Marumura (1995) +reported additional specimens from the Kii Peninsula and Ryukyus. + + +They noted that while the median and posterior surfaces of the carapace were smooth in the +type +specimens from the Ogasawara Islands (as in the case of the present specimen; see also +Takeda & Komatsu, 2018 +: fig. 6H); the specimens from Tanegashima [= +Island +] and Kii Peninsula had seven additional areoles in two transverse rows on the following regions: two on the protogastric, one each on anterior parts of the mesobranchials, one cardiac and one each on the cardiobranchials (see +Takeda & Marumura, 1995: 89 +, 91, fig. 1). They noted that the only specimen they had from the Ryukyus was small (4.8 × 4.0 mm) and had the median and posterior parts of the carapace smooth ( +Takeda & Marumura, 1995: 91 +). As such, +Takeda & Marumura (1995: 91) +observed that “… there may be some individual differences as for the development of the areolets on the posterior part, but it is concluded that + +Lophoplax sextuberculata + +is characterised by having 13 areolets, not 6 mentioned in the original description and scientific name”. Examining the present specimen from the Ogasawara Islands, we note that its protogastric, mesobranchial, cardiac, and cardiobranchial regions are only gently convex and smooth, and barely discernible as areolets in dorsal view ( +Fig. 8A, B, D +). In the colour figure of this specimen ( +Takeda & Komatsu, 2018 +: fig. 6H), we note that these regions are also slightly more orangish than the surrounding beige surface as described by +Takeda & Marumura (1995) +for their specimens. As such, it seems likely that these areolets are present but not always discernible, probably becoming more prominent in larger individuals. +Ng & Rahayu (2023) +reported a similar situation for + +Myopilumnus sordidus + +and + +M. vermiculatus + +, where the areoles are relatively poorly developed in young specimens. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C45CE26FC93C3F39D57F943.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C45CE26FC93C3F39D57F943.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bcff35a22da --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C45CE26FC93C3F39D57F943.xml @@ -0,0 +1,337 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Hosekia symmetrinuda +( +Edmondson, 1951 +) + +, +new combination + + + + + + +( +Figs. 6 +, +7 +) + + + + + + + +Pseudocryptocoeloma symmetrinudus +Edmondson, 1951: 233 + + +, fig. 34; + +Serène, 1968: 86 + +; + +Ng, 1987: 79 + +, 97; + +Ng et al., 2008: 144 + +; + +Marumura & Takeda, 2012: 192 + +, figs. 2A, 3, 4; + +Maenosono, 2019: 32 + +, figs. 8B, 10, 13B, 14K, L. + + + + + +Lophoplax symmetrinudus + +— + +Takeda & Kurata, 1984: 201 + +; + +Takeda & Marumura, 1995: 90 + +; + +Poore & Ahyong, 2023: 680 + +; + +Ng & Rahayu, 2023: 444 + +, fig. 12. + + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: +BPBM 5109 +, male (6.5 × 5.0 mm), +Siufaga +, +Tau +, +Samoa +, low tide, table reef, coll. +W. Harris +, 1937. +Others +: RUMF-ZC-5199, +1 male +(7.6 × +4.2 mm +), +Bise +, +Motobu +, +Okinawa +, +Ryukyus +, +Japan +, coll. +T +. +Maenosono +, + +10 February 2016 + +; RUMF-ZC-7536, +1 female +(9.7 × +6.9 mm +), +Odo Beach +, +Itoman +, +Okinawa +, +Ryukyus +, +Japan +, coll. +T +. +Maenosono +, + +7 April 2020 + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis. +As for genus. + + + + +Description. +Carapace transversely ovate-subhexagonal; frontal and anterolateral margins with scattered tufts of short and long setae, not brush-like, not concealing margins; regions well demarcated with areoles smooth, prominent: epigastric areoles distinct; protogastric areole well developed, extending obliquely to branchial region, approximately separated by median constriction; cardio-branchial areole transversely ovate, well-developed; gastro-cardiac region depressed, with grooves barely visible ( +Figs. 6A, B +, +7A, C, D +); intestino-branchial areoles prominent, transversely ovate, one on each side of low intestinal region; posterior carapace margin cristate, adjacent to prominent intestino-branchial areole, forming narrow channel extending to beginning of sub-branchial region; no ridges on sub-branchial region ( +Figs. 6A, B +, +7A, C, D +). Subhepatic and suborbital regions slightly rugose to almost smooth; pterygostomial region with numerous closely packed small granules ( +Fig. 6C–E +). Frontal margin bilobed, gently convex, with narrow, small median notch, without lateral lobe ( +Figs. 6A–D +, +7C, D +). Supraorbital margin short, sinuous, with low lobe on posterior half (formed by anterior margin of hepatic areole), without fissure or cleft ( +Figs. 6A +, +7C, D +). Orbit dorsal, supraorbital margin appears confluent with general carapace outline, eyes clearly visible in dorsal view; eyes mobile, ocular peduncle short, filling orbit ( +Fig. 6B–D +). Anterolateral margin with 3 distinct teeth (including external orbital tooth), first 2 broadly triangular with cristate margin, last tooth lower, more rounded; distinct groove visible adjacent to margin, formed with outer margin of hepatic lobe ( +Figs. 6A +, +7C, D +). Posterolateral margin gently convex, smooth, unarmed; margins distinctly converging towards posterior carapace margin ( +Figs. 6A +, +7C, D +). Antennules rectangular, relatively large; antennules folding laterally ( +Fig. 6C, D +). Basal antennal article subquadrate; flagellum enters orbital hiatus ( +Fig. 6C, D +). Epistome with biconcave posterior margin, median lobe triangular with very short median fissue ( +Fig. 6C, D +). Endostome distinct, sloping gradually posteriorly into buccal cavern, endostomial ridges, short, low ( +Fig. 6C, D +). + + + +Fig. 6. + +Hosekia symmetrinuda +( +Edmondson, 1951 +) + +, +new combination +, holotype male (6.5 × 5.0 mm) (BPBM 5109), Samoa. A, dorsal view of carapace (right side denuded); B, subfrontal view of cephalothorax (right side denuded); C, frontal view of cephalothorax (right side denuded); D, frontal view showing buccal cavity; E, buccal cavity, anterior thoracic sternum and sternopleonal cavity; F, left chela. + + + + +Fig. 7. + +Hosekia symmetrinuda +( +Edmondson, 1951 +) + +, +new combination +. A–C, E, male (7.6 × 4.2 mm) (RUMF-ZC-5199), Japan; D, E, female (9.7 × 6.9 mm) (RUMF-ZC-7536), Japan. A, dorsal habitus (right side denuded); B, right third maxilliped; C, dorsal view of carapace (right side denuded); D, dorsal view of carapace (not denuded); E, male buccal cavity, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; F, female sternopleonal cavity and vulvae. + + + +Third maxilliped with ischium relatively short, subquadrate, length 1.2× width; merus quadrate, anterolateral angle gently auriculiform. Exopod relatively stout, tip reaching to just before distal edge of merus ( +Figs. 6D, E +, +7B +). + + +Male thoracic sternum surface relatively smooth; sternites 1 and 2 completely fused, lateral margins gently concave; sternites 3 and 4 fused with only very shallow median groove and lateral notches visible; suture between sternites 2 and 3 gently concave towards buccal cavity ( +Figs. 6D, E +, +7E +). Tubercle of male pleonal locking mechanism on anterior third of somite 5 ( +Fig. 6E +). + + +Adult male chelipeds symmetrical, stout ( +Fig. 7A +). Basis-ischium fused but suture visible, flexor margin with low granules ( +Fig. 7E +). Merus short, surface slightly rugose; flexor and extensor margins with small granules; inner distal angle sharp visible but not with subdistal angle not elongate ( +Fig. 7E +). Carpus surface granulate; inner distal angle with low sharp tooth ( +Fig. 7A +). Chela with dorsal surface densely covered with granules; inner surface almost smooth; margins of chela with scattered long and short setae, not dense or brush-like; fingers relatively slender, shorter than palm, pigmented brown along distal ⅔; occlusal margins with low teeth, forming small gape when closed ( +Fig. 6F +). + + +Ambulatory legs short, P4 longest, about 1.2× carapace width; P4 merus length about 2.2–2.4× height, less than half carapace width; outer surface slightly rugose to almost smooth; coxa rounded; merus short, extensor margin not cristate, surface of P2–5 gently convex, without ridge; P2–5 carpus smooth, with low submarginal ridge, lowest in P5; propodus laterally flattened, unarmed, relatively short in P2–4, shortest in P5; P2–4 dactylus falciform, unarmed, P5 dactylus shorter, tip slightly upturned; dactylo-propodal lock distinct ( +Fig. 7A +). + + +Male pleon triangular, all somites and telson free; somite 1 broadly rectangular, reaching base of P5 coxae; somite 2 transversely narrower than somite 1, trapezoidal; somites 3–6 trapezoidal, gradually decreasing in width. Telson wider than long, rounded-subtriangular, lateral margins weakly convex, longer than somite 6 ( +Fig. 7E +). + +G1 strongly sinuous, distally gently curved outwards, tip mucronate; with short row of setae subdistally. G2 sigmoid, about ¼ length of G1. +Female pleon longitudinally ovate; with 6 somites and telson, all free; not completely covering thoracic sternum; somite 1 broadly subrectangular, just reaching base of P5 coxae; somite 2 transversely narrower than somite 1, trapezoidal; somite 3 widest, somite 4 as wide as somite 2; somites 3–6 trapezoidal, gradually decreasing in width; telson triangular with convex lateral margins, longer than somite 6. + +Sternopleonal cavity shallow ( +Fig. 7F +; vulva large, obliquely ovate, covering anterior ⅔ on sternite 6, without vulvar projections ( +Fig. 7F +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Hosekia symmetrinuda + +is a reef species currently known only from +Samoa +and southern +Japan +. The specimens from both locations are nearly identical and we are confident they are conspecific. Nothing else is known about its biology except that it occurs in the intertidal zone ( +Maenosono, 2019 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4ACE22FC0AC1739CF3F98B.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4ACE22FC0AC1739CF3F98B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a142893c602 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4ACE22FC0AC1739CF3F98B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Lophoplax takakurai +Sakai, 1935a + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 4 +, +5 +) + + + + + + + +Lophoplax takakurai +Sakai, 1935a: 82 + + +, text-fig. 15, pl. 7, fig. 2; + +Sakai, 1935b: 188 + +, frontispiece, fig. 2; + +Sakai, 1939: 567 + +, pl. 67, fig. l; + +Sakai, 1976: 541 + +pl. 191, fig. 4, text-fig. 288; + +Ng, 1987: 79 + +, 100; + +Takeda, 1993: 41 + +; + +Ng et al., 2008: 143 + +; + +Takeda & Komatsu, 2018: 176 + +, fig. 7; + +Takeda & Komatsu, 2023: 167 + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 male +(5.0 × +4.2 mm +) (NSMT-Cr S 1254), +Futami Bay +, +Chichi-jima +[= Island], +Ogasawara Islands +, +Japan +, +27°04.77′N +142°11.68′E +to +27°04.76′N +142°11.73′E +, 42.2– + +41.6 m + +, +R +/ +V +Koyo, 2010 cruise, station KY-10-25, + +9 July 2010 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace frontal margin gently convex, smooth, produced anteriorly, lateral lobe not visible ( +Fig. 4A, B +); epigastric areole barely visible; protogastric lobe low, with granular surface ( +Fig. 4B +); metabranchial region with low granules ( +Fig. 4B +); median lobe on posterior margin of epistome subtruncate in form ( +Figs. 4E +, +5E +). Distal margin of ischium of third maxilliped with row of closely set low granules ( +Fig. 4C +). P2–5 merus extensor margin P2–5 with low proximal tooth ( +Fig. 5F, G +). Cheliped carpus dorsal surface with longitudinal areole separated by groove from swollen lateral margin ( +Fig. 4A, I +); proximal basal part of male chela covered with strong tubercles ( +Fig. 4G +). Male thoracic sternum anteriorly relatively narrower ( +Fig. 4F +). G1 strongly sinuous, distal part of G1 gently recurved ( +Fig. 5I, J +). G2 sigmoid, about ¼ length of G1. + + + + +Remarks. + +Lophoplax takakurai + +was described on the basis of a female (11.0 × 9.0 mm) collected off Yoshihama, west of Sagami Bay, and later reported from off Mikawa Bay (south of Nagoya) ( +Sakai, 1935a +, b, 1976). +Takeda (1993) +subsequently recorded the species from Shibushi Bay in +Kagoshima +, with +Takeda & Komatsu (2018 +, +2023 +) recording it from the Ogasawara Islands. The whereabouts of the type specimen is not known but appears to be lost. The present specimen matches the type description and figures of +Sakai (1935a +, +1939 +, +1976 +) well, especially in the general carapace features and proportions of the ambulatory legs. Significantly, +Sakai (1935a +: text-fig. 15c; present +Fig. 5B +) figured the third maxilliped showing a row of closely set granules on the distal margin of the ischium, a character also distinct in the present male specimen ( +Fig. 4C +). As such, we are confident of its identity. For the moment, + +L. takakurai + +, as defined by +Takeda & Komatsu (2018) +and the present study, is clearly recognisable, so a +neotype +designation does not appear to be necessary. + + +Although + +L. takakurai + +differs markedly from + +L. bicristata + +in many characters of the carapace and pereopods, both species have generally similar carapace shape and features. In addition, both species have a stouter G1 ( +Figs. 3F–I +, +5I, J +) compared to more typical pilumnids. It is therefore reasonable to retain both species in + +Lophoplax + +for the time being. + + + +Fig. 4. + +Lophoplax takakurai +Sakai, 1935a + +, male (5.0 × 4.2 mm) (NSMT-Cr S 1254), Japan. A, dorsal habitus (right side partially brushed); B, carapace (right side denuded); C, left third maxilliped; D, frontal view of cephalothorax; E, epistome; F, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; G, right chela; H, left chela; I, dorsal view of right cheliped. + + + + +Fig. 5. + +Lophoplax takakurai +Sakai, 1935a + +. A–D, holotype male (11.5 × 9.0 mm) (after +Sakai, 1935a +: text-fig. 15; pl. 7, fig. 2); E–K, male (5.0 × 4.2 mm) (NSMT-Cr S 1254), Japan. A, overall dorsal habitus; B, right third maxilliped; C, left chela; D, female pleon; E, epistome; F, left P4; G, right P5; H, pleon, showing exposed sternite 8 lateral to somite 2; I, right G1 (ventral view); J, right G1 (dorsal view); K, right G2. Scales: E, H = 0.5 mm; F, G = 1.0 mm; I–K = 0.2 mm. + + + + +Lophoplax takakurai + +occurs on muddy bottoms +41.6–100 m +in depth ( +Sakai, 1976 +; +Takeda & Komatsu, 2018 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4DCE29FC23C5939A6CFD63.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4DCE29FC23C5939A6CFD63.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..12b55aec6a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4DCE29FC23C5939A6CFD63.xml @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Lophoplax +Tesch, 1918 + + + + + + + + + + +Lophoplax +Tesch, 1918: 196 + + +(part); + +Ng, 1987: 100 + +(part); + +Trivedi et al., 2022: 595 + +(part); + +Poore & Ahyong 2023: 667 + +, 670, 680 (part), fig. 14.112u; + +Ng & Rahayu, 2023: 429 + +(part). + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Lophoplax bicristata +Tesch, 1918 + +, by original designation. Gender of genus feminine. + + +Included species. + +Lophoplax bicristata +Tesch, 1918 + +; + +L. takakurai +Sakai, 1935a + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace subquadrate; only protogastric and intestinal areoles visible; epigastric region gently convex, smooth but setose, not areolate; cardiac region raised but not areolate, granulate and setose; hepatic areole absent, with only tubercle present; intestinal region forming small areole, adjacent areas slightly raised, granulate and setose, no visible intestino-branchial areole; surface adjacent to posterior carapace margin gently concave, not raised, not forming ridge, no transverse channel visible; orbit clearly visible in dorsal view, supraorbital margin breaking general carapace outline, forming distinct concavity; eyes freely movable, ocular peduncle relatively long; lateral lobe of frontal margin low, indistinct; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth (including external orbital tooth), with 2 tubercles on posterolateral margin; posterolateral margins gently converging towards posterior carapace margin. Endostome not obliquely recessed posteriorly into buccal cavern, subparallel to adjacent pterygostomial surface, low, short endostomial ridges present. Posterior margin of epistome with distinct median lobe, separated from lateral lobes by distinct fissure. Third maxilliped ischium subquadrate, length about 1.2× width. Adult male chelipeds slightly asymmetrical; dorsal surface of carpus with quadrate areole with raised margins; chela relatively enlarged with external median surface smooth. Ambulatory legs elongate, slender, P4 longest, about 1.8× carapace width; merus without obvious crest on extensor margin, instead P2–4 lined with low, broad well-spaced setose prominences or low tooth; P5 extensor margin smooth, outer surface smooth, without medio-longitudinal swelling; P4 merus length about 5× height, distinctly longer than half carapace width. G1 sinuous, relatively stout, tip strongly recurved. + + + + +Fig. 1. Terminology of carapace structures (based on + +Myopilumnus sculpta +( +Stimpson, 1858 +)) + +. A, dorsal view of carapace; B, right lateral view of cephalothorax. Abbreviations: brs = branchiostegite ridge; brt = branchiostegite; car = cardiac region; car-bra = cardio-branchial areole; cha = channel; epi = epibranchial areole; epi-bra = epibranchial region; hep = hepatic areole; int = intestinal region; int-bra = intestino-branchial areole; meo = Milne Edwards opening; mes-bra = mesobranchial region; met-bra = metabranchial region; met-gas = metagastric region; porb = postorbital areole; pos = posterior carapace margin; pot = tubercles on posterolateral margin; pro = protogastric areole; t1–t4 = anterolateral teeth 1–4. + + + + +Remarks. + +Lophoplax + +sensu stricto +is distinct in its carapace ornamentation and the length and slenderness of the ambulatory legs. + +Lophoplax + +is separable from + +Myopilumnus + +and + +Hosekia + +, +new genus +, in the following characters: the hepatic surface of the carapace is ornamented only with a tubercle ( +Fig. 2A +) (versus with a large, prominent areole; cf. +Figs. 6A +, +7C, D +); the intestino-branchial areole is absent with only a low intestinal areole visible ( +Fig. 2A +) (versus intestino-branchial areole large and distinct; cf. +Figs. 6A +, +7C, D +); the surface adjacent to the posterior carapace margin is relatively wide, not forming a channel as no intestino-branchial areole is present ( +Fig. 2A +) (versus with distinct channel between intestino-branchial areole and posterior carapace margin; cf. +Figs. 6A +, +7C, D +); and the absence of a dorsal crest on the ambulatory merus ( +Figs. 2A, B +, +3C, D +) (versus with prominent crest; cf. +Ng & Rahayu, 2023 +: fig. 7G–L). The adult male chela is relatively more enlarged, with the external median surface almost smooth ( +Fig. 2C, D +) (versus chelae not enlarged and the outer surface of the chela densely covered with granules; cf. +Fig. 6F +). The ambulatory legs are also comparatively slender (P4 merus length about 5× height) and more elongated (P4 length about 1.8× carapace width), with the merus surface lacking a medio-longitudinal swelling or ridge ( +Figs. 2A +, +3C, D +) (versus median part swollen, P4 merus length 3.0–3.5× height; cf. +Ng & Rahayu, 2023 +: fig. 7G–L). + +Lophoplax + +, like + +Myopilumnus + +, further differs from + +Hosekia + +, in having four instead of three anterolateral carapace teeth ( +Figs. 6A +, +7C, D +versus +Figs. 1A +, +2A +). + + + +Lophoplax + +superficially resembles + +Striacoeloma + +, +new genus +, in the slender ambulatory legs (albeit with P4 merus length about 5× height, versus 4× height) and in having blunt prominences along most of the lateral margins of the carapace, but is immediately distinguished by the position of the orbits: on the anterior margin and fully visible dorsally in + +Lophoplax + +, versus submarginal and scarcely visible dorsally in + +Striacoeloma + +(resembling the condition in + +Cryptocoeloma +Miers, 1884 + +). + + +Serène & Soh (1976: 4 +, 21) recorded a small male specimen of “? + +Lophoplax takakurai + +” from the Andaman Sea stating only that “Like + +takakurai + +the present specimen has no elevation, but it differs by its anterolateral teeth much less clearly separated one from the other”. On this basis, it seems unlikely to be + +Myopilumnus andamanicus + +, which was also described from the Andaman Sea ( +Deb, 1989 +; see also +Trivedi et al., 2022 +). +Serène & Soh’s (1976) +record was subsequently repeated in the checklists of the Thai fauna by +Naiyanetr (1980 +, +1998 +, +2007 +) and +Ng & Davie (2002) +; it requires confirmation. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4FCE2CFC7BC2B39BEDFEA3.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4FCE2CFC7BC2B39BEDFEA3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f0fed64bf0d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C4FCE2CFC7BC2B39BEDFEA3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Lophoplax bicristata +Tesch, 1918 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 2 +, +3 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Lectotype +(here designated): +RMNH-ZMA +D103002 +, male (5.8 × +4.3 mm +), +2.3 miles +from north point of +Nuhu Jaan +, northwest of +Kei Islands +, +Indonesia +, +5°36.5′S +132°55.2′E +, + +90 m + +, +Siboga Expedition station +260, coll. +M. Weber +, + +16–18 December 1899 + + +. + +Paralectotype +(here designated): +RMNH-ZMA +D103001 +, male (4.5 × +3.7 mm +), +Borneo Bank +, +Strait of Makassar +, +Indonesia +, + +59 m + +, +Siboga Expedition station +77, coll. coll. +M. Weber +, + +10 June 1899 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace frontal margin almost straight, granulate, not distinctly produced anteriorly, lateral lobe very low but just visible ( +Fig. 2A, B +); epigastric areole low but visible; protogastric areolet distinct, smooth ( +Fig. 2A, B +); metabranchial region with prominent raised granules ( +Fig. 2A +); median lobe on posterior margin of epistome obtusely triangular ( +Fig. 3B +). Distal margin of ischium of third maxilliped smooth ( +Fig. 3A +). Cheliped carpus dorsal surface with subquadrate areole with crenulate ridged margins ( +Fig. 2A–C +); proximal basal part of male chela almost smooth or with very low tubercles ( +Fig. 2D +). P2–4 merus extensor margin distinctly crenulated, with low lobes. P5 merus unarmed ( +Fig. 3C, D +). Male thoracic sternum anteriorly relatively wide ( +Fig. 2E +). G1 gently sinuous, distal strongly recurved ( +Fig. 3F–I +). G2 about ¼ length of G1. + + + + +Description. +Carapace subquadrate; frontal and anterolateral margins with scattered tufts of short and long setae, not brush-like, not concealing margins; regions well demarcated with few areoles distinct: protogastric areole transversely ovate, distinct; epigastric region low, visible when denuded, not areolate; hepatic region with 1 tubercle, no areole visible; cardiac region raised, covered with granules, setose, not areolate, lateral parts with raised patches of granules, but no visible cardio-branchial areole; gastro-cardiac region depressed, with grooves visible but not deep ( +Fig. 1A, B +); intestinal region convex, forming rounded areole, adjacent surfaces gently raised, with small granules, setose, separated from cristate posterior carapace margin by wide space, no obvious channel ( +Fig. 1A, B +); meso- and metabranchial regions each with 1 gently raised area covered with granules; metabranchial region with tubercle just posterior to raised patch of granules ( +Fig. 1A +). Subhepatic and suborbital regions slightly rugose to almost smooth; pterygostomial region with small granules. Frontal margin weakly bilobed, almost straight, with shallow median concavity, margins granulate; lateral lobe, small, low, just visible in dorsal view ( +Fig. 1A +). Supraorbital margin short, sinuous, with distinct submedian lobe, without fissure or cleft ( +Fig. 1A +). Orbit dorsal, supraorbital margin, eyes clearly visible in dorsal view; eyes freely movable, ocular peduncle relatively long, filling orbit ( +Fig. 1A +). Anterolateral margin with 4 small, sharp teeth (including external orbital tooth), external orbital tooth broader, next 3 teeth acutely triangular, tip slightly enlarged ( +Fig. 2A, B +). Posterolateral margin uneven, with 2 tubercles, each with smaller basal granules; margins gently converging towards posterior carapace margin ( +Fig. 1A +). Antennules rectangular, relatively large; antennules folding laterally. Basal antennal article subquadrate; flagellum entering orbital hiatus. Epistome with median lobe of posterior margin obtusely triangular, no obvious fissure in frontal view; lateral parts sinuous with small cleft ( +Fig. 3B +). Endostome distinct, sloping gradually posteriorly into buccal cavern, endostomial ridges low, short. + + + +Fig. 2. + +Lophoplax bicristata +Tesch, 1918 + +. A, B, D–F, lectotype male (5.8 × 4.3 mm) (ZMA D103002), Kei Islands; C, paralectotype male (4.5 × 3.7 mm) (ZMA D103001), Strait of Makassar. A, dorsal habitus (right side partially brushed); B, dorsal habitus (right side denuded); C, dorsal habitus (not denuded); D, dorsal view of left cheliped; E, left chela; F, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. + + + + +Fig. 3. + +Lophoplax bicristata +Tesch, 1918 + +, lectotype male (5.8 × 4.3 mm) (ZMA D103002), Kei Islands. A, right third maxilliped; B, epistome; C, left P4; D, left P5; E, pleon, showing exposed sternite 8 lateral to somite 2; F, left G1 (ventral view); G, distal part of left G1 (ventral view); H, distal part of left G1 (dorsomedial view); I, distal part of left G1 (dorsal view); J, left G2. Scales: A, B = 0.5 mm; C–E = 1.0 mm; F, J = 0.25 mm; G–I = 0.1 mm. + + + +Third maxilliped with ischium relatively short, subquadrate, length 1.2× width, with shallow median oblique sulcus; merus subquadrate, anterolateral angle gently auriculiform. Exopod relatively stout, tip reaching to just before distal edge of merus ( +Fig. 3A +). + + +Male thoracic sternum surface relatively smooth, slightly rugose; sternites 1 and 2 completely fused, wide, lateral margins gently concave; sternites 3 and 4 fused with only very shallow median groove and lateral notches visible; suture between sternites 2 and 3 almost straight ( +Fig. 2E +). Sternite 8 clearly visible as subrectangular plate adjacent to pleonal somite 2 when pleon closed ( +Fig. 3E +). Tubercle of male pleonal locking mechanism on anterior third of thoracic somite 5. + + +Adult male chelipeds almost symmetrical, stout ( +Fig. 1A, B +). Basis-ischium fused but suture visible; extensor margins uneven but unarmed ( +Fig. 1C +). Merus short, surface slightly rugose; flexor and extensor margins with tubercles and granules; inner distal angle dentiform with subdistal angle tuberculate ( +Fig. 1C +). Carpus surface granulate; dorsal surface with subquadrate areole with crenulate ridged margins; inner distal angle with low sharp tooth ( +Fig. 1A–C +). Chela with dorsal surface covered with granules; inner surface almost smooth; median and ventral surfaces almost smooth or with very low tubercles; margins of chela with scattered long and short setae, not dense or brush-like; fingers relatively slender, slightly shorter than palm, pigmented brown along distal half; occlusal margins with low teeth, forming small gape when closed ( +Fig. 1C, D +). + + +Ambulatory legs long, P4 longest, about 1.8× carapace width; P4 merus length about 5× height, distinctly longer than half carapace width; outer surface slightly rugose to almost smooth; coxa rounded; merus elongate, P2–4 extensor margin not cristate with low, broad, well-spaced setose prominences, P5 merus extensor margin smooth, fully setose; surface of P2–5 gently convex, without median swelling or ridge; P2–5 carpus relatively smooth, with very low submarginal ridge, lowest in P5; propodus laterally flattened, unarmed, relatively long in P2–4, shortest in P5; P2–4 dactylus falciform, unarmed, P5 dactylus shorter, slightly upturned; dactylo-propodal lock visible ( +Figs. 2A +, +3C, D +). + + +Male pleon triangular, all somites and telson free; somite 1 broadly rectangular, reaching base of P5 coxae; somite 2 transversely much narrower than somite 1, trapezoidal; somite 3 broadly subtrapezoidal, widest, somites 4–6 trapezoidal, gradually decreasing in width with somite 6 almost rectangular; telson slightly wider than long, rounded, slightly narrowly distally, lateral margins convex, longer than somite 6 ( +Fig. 3E +). + + +G1 relatively stout, gently sinuous, distally tapering to narrowly rounded tip, strongly hooked inwards; subdistal surface with 2 long stout setae ( +Fig. 3F–I +). G2 sigmoid, about ¼ length of G1 ( +Fig. 3J +). + + +Females not known. +Remarks. + +Lophoplax bicristata + +is only known from +two males + +collected from relatively near each other ( +Kei Islands +and +Borneo Bank +, +Indonesia +). +Both +are mature and were covered with silt and mud, suggesting they live on soft substrates. +They +were collected from depths of + +59–90 m + +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C5CCE39FC07C4939E8AFD03.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C5CCE39FC07C4939E8AFD03.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..66e9b110573 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C5CCE39FC07C4939E8AFD03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Striacoeloma tubur + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 10 +, +11 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: +AM +P107758 +, female (8.6 × +6.3 mm +), +Middle Arm +, +Darwin Harbour +, +Northern Territory +, +Australia +, +12°35′17″S +130°52′17″E +, + +5–7 m + +, coll. +Cardno Pty Ltd. + + + + + +Etymology. +Named + +tubur + +for the tubercle-like protrusions on the extensor margins of the ambulatory legs; used as a noun in apposition. + + + + +Diagnosis. +As for genus. + + + + + +Description of +holotype +female. + +Carapace subhexagonal; frontal and anterolateral margins with scattered tufts of short and long setae, not brush-like; surface appearing irregularly corrugated, partly eroded; gastric regions prominently raised, forming 2 transverse swellings extending to branchial region, with posterior one reaching to lateral margin; gastro-cardiac region depressed, with grooves visible; cardiac region with transverse swelling, extends almost to posterolateral margin ( +Fig. 10A–C +); surface adjacent to posterior carapace margin raised, with prominent wide rounded transverse ridge adjacent to the posterior carapace margin, forming channel extending to sub-branchial region ( +Fig. 10A, B +). Subhepatic and suborbital regions slightly rugose; pterygostomial region with numerous fine granules ( +Fig. 10D +). Frontal margin bilobed, almost straight, lined with granules, with shallow median notch, lateral lobe small but distinct, not visible in dorsal view ( +Fig. 10A–D +). Supraorbital margin sinuous, with low lobe on posterior third, with 2 short fissures ( +Fig. 10B, C +). Orbit submarginal, supraorbital margin appearing almost confluent with general carapace outline, eyes partially visible in dorsal view; eyes scarcely movable, ocular peduncle short, filling orbit, scarcely movable ( +Fig. 10C, D +). Anterolateral margin with 4 distinct teeth (including external orbital tooth), first 2 broad, lobiform, with surface adjacent to them eroded, each with median oblique depression; last 2 dentiform ( +Fig. 10A, B +). Posterolateral margin with 2 distinct tubercles, margins distinctly converging towards posterior carapace margin ( +Fig. 10A, B +). Antennules rectangular, relatively large; antennules folding laterally ( +Fig. 10D +). Basal antennal article subquadrate; flagellum entering orbital hiatus ( +Fig. 10D +). Epistome with shallow biconcave posterior margin, median lobe subtruncate with short median fissue ( +Fig. 10D +). Endostome short, recessed posteriorly into buccal cavern oblique to plane of adjacent pterygostomial surface, endostomial ridges low, short. + + + +Fig. 10. + +Striacoeloma tubur + +, +new genus and species +, holotype female (8.6 × 6.3 mm) (AM P107758), Northern Territory, Australia. A, dorsal habitus (right side denuded); B, dorsal view of carapace (right side denuded); C, subfrontal view of cephalothorax (right side denuded); D, frontal view of cephalothorax (right side denuded); E, right third maxilliped. + + + + +Fig. 11. + +Striacoeloma tubur + +, +new genus and species +, holotype female (8.6 × 6.3 mm) (AM P107758), Northern Territory, Australia. A, buccal cavity, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; B, sternopleonal cavity and vulvae; C, right chela; D, right P4 and P5. + + + +Third maxilliped ischium short, quadrate, length 1.2× width; merus with anteroexternal angle distinctly auriculiform; exopod stout, tip reaching distal edge of merus ( +Fig. 10E +). + + +Thoracic sternum surface smooth; sternites 1 and 2 completely fused, lateral margins sinuous; sternites 3 and 4 fused with only lateral notches demarcating sternites; suture between sternites 2 and 3 almost straight ( +Fig. 11A +). + + +Adult chelipeds symmetrical or almost so, not enlarged ( +Fig. 10A +). Basis-ischium fused but suture visible, flexor margin with short sharp granules ( +Fig. 11A +). Merus short, surface rugose; flexor and extensor margins with low sharp tubercles and granules; inner distal angle sharp but not elongate, with subdistal tooth ( +Figs. 10A +, +11A +). Carpus rugose; inner distal angle with strong sharp tooth ( +Fig. 10A +). Chela with dorsal surface rugose and covered with granules, median part smoother; ventral surface near pollex covered with small granules; inner surface smooth; margins of chela with scattered long and short setae, not dense or brush-like; fingers relatively slender, shorter than palm, pigmented brown along distal ⅔; occlusal margins with low teeth, forming small gape when closed ( +Figs. 10A +, +11C +). + + +Ambulatory legs relatively short, P4 longest, about 1.3× carapace width; outer surface gently rugose; coxa with distal angle slightly raised, no visible serrated flange; P2–4 with outer surface slightly raised medio-longitudinally, indistinct on P5; merus relatively slender, extensor margin not cristate, with evenly, widely spaced row of blunt, prominent nonsetose nodules; P4 merus length about 4× height, length half carapace width; P2–4 carpus with outer submarginal ridge, absent on P5; propodus laterally flattened, elongate in P2–4, short in P5; P2–4 dactylus falciform, unarmed, P5 dactylus shorter, gently upturned; dactylo-propodal lock visible ( +Figs. 10A +, +11D +). + + +Female pleon longitudinally ovate; with 6 somites and telson, all free; not completely covering thoracic sternum; somite 1 broadly rectangular, just reaches base of P5 coxae; somite 2 transversely narrower than somite 1, trapezoidal; somites 3–6 trapezoidal, gradually decreasing in width, somite 6 longest; telson semicircular with convex lateral margins, distinctly longer than somite 6 ( +Fig. 11A +). + + +Sternopleonal cavity shallow ( +Fig. 11B +); vulva large, obliquely ovate, covering most of space on sternite 6, without vulvar projections ( +Fig. 11B +). + + +Male. +Not known. + + + + +Remarks. + +Striacoeloma tubur + +, +new genus and species +, is currently known only from the female +holotype +. Nothing is known about the ecology other than it was collected from soft, muddy substrates. The carapace and pereopods were partially encrusted with what appear to be light-brown, possibly ferric, precipitates, suggestive of reducing or anoxic environs. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C5CCE3AFEF1C1B39A31FB83.xml b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C5CCE3AFEF1C1B39A31FB83.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8cdea32103c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1D/03/E8/1D03E8542C5CCE3AFEF1C1B39A31FB83.xml @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + + +Redefining Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: recognising Myopilumnus Deb, 1989, and the establishment of three new genera, Hosekia, Takedaplax, and Striacoeloma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Ahyong, + + + +Author + +Shane T. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-25 + + +72 + + +335 +355 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0027 +2345-7600 +14682761 +4BFA36EF-2F2A-4162-8810-5E0414E5DE55 + + + + + + + +Striacoeloma + +, +new genus + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Striacoeloma tubur + +, +new species +, by present designation. Gender of genus neuter. + + +Included species. +Only + +Striacoeloma tubur + +, +new species +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace subhexagonal; frontal and anterolateral margins with scattered tufts of short and long setae, not brush-like; surface appearing irregularly transversely corrugated, partly eroded; gastric and cardiac regions prominently raised, forming transverse swellings extending to branchial region, almost to lateral margin; surface adjacent to posterior carapace margin raised, with prominent wide rounded transverse ridge adjacent to the posterior carapace margin, forming channel extending to sub-branchial region; orbit submarginal, supraorbital margin almost confluent with general carapace outline, eyes only partially visible in dorsal view; eyes scarcely movable, ocular peduncle short, filling orbit, scarcely movable; lateral lobe of frontal margin small but distinct; anterolateral margin with 4 distinct teeth (including external orbital tooth), first 2 broad, lobiform, with 2 additional tubercles on posterolateral margin; posterolateral margins distinctly converging towards posterior carapace margin. Epistome with shallow biconcave posterior margin, median lobe subtruncate. Endostome short, recessed posteriorly into buccal cavern oblique to plane of adjacent pterygostomial surface, endostomial ridges low, short. Third maxilliped ischium short, quadrate, length 1.2× width; merus with anterolateral angle distinctly auriculiform. Adult female chelipeds symmetrical or almost so, stout, outer surface of chela with margins rugose and covered with granules, median part smoother; margins not lined with dense brush-like setae. Ambulatory legs short, P4 longest, about 1.3× carapace width; merus slender, length about 4× height, extensor margin not cristate, with evenly, widely spaced row of blunt, prominent nodules, outer surface slightly raised medio-longitudinally; P4 merus length about 4× height, length half carapace width. + + + + +Etymology. +The name is an arbitrary combination of the Latin word “stria”, for ridge, in arbitrary combination with part of the genus name, + +Cryptocoeloma + +, in recognition of the ridged carapace surface and close relationship to the pilumnid genus. Gender is feminine. + + + + +Remarks. +Whereas + +Striacoeloma + +, +new genus +, is superficially similar to various planopilumnids (now in the Pseudozioidea +Alcock, 1898 +) (cf. +Ng, 2010 +), it is clearly a pilumnid based the form of its carapace and chelipeds. The new genus is morphologically more similar to + +Cryptocoeloma +Miers, 1884 + +than + +Lophoplax + +, + +Myopilumnus + +, or + +Hosekia + +, +new genus +. In + +Striacoeloma + +, like + +Cryptocoeloma + +, the orbits are submarginal, so the supraorbital margin does not form a strong concavity that noticeably breaks the general carapace outline. The eyes too, are relatively smaller in + +Striacoeloma + +and scarcely movable, compared with the proportionally larger, freely movable eyes of + +Lophoplax + +, + +Myopilumnus + +, and + +Hosekia + +. The chelae of + +Striacoeloma + +and + +Cryptocoeloma + +are also stouter than in + +Lophoplax + +and allies, and both have a shallow biconcave posterior margin of the epistome with the median lobe broader and subtruncate ( +Fig. 10D +) (versus median lobe broadly triangular; Ng et al., 2022: fig. 3F). + +Striacoeloma + +, however, differs from + +Cryptocoeloma + +in having the dorsal surface of carapace ornamented with transverse, corrugated swellings ( +Fig. 10A–C +) (versus surface granulate and rugose but without swellings and regions well demarcated; Ng et al., 2022: fig. 2); the frontal and anterolateral margins have tufts of short and long setae but not dense or brush-like ( +Fig. 10A, B +) (versus margins evenly lined with dense short and long setae, appearing brush-like; Ng et al., 2022: figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 5A, B, 7A, B); the outer surface of the chelae are covered with scattered long and short setae, not dense or brush-like ( +Fig. 10A +) (versus lined with dense brush-like setae; Ng et al., 2022: figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 5A, B, 7A, B); the ischium of the third maxilliped is subquadrate and shorter ( +Fig. 10E +) (length 1.2× width versus 1.3×; Ng et al., 2022: fig. 4A); and the ambulatory merus is dentate along the extensor margin ( +Fig. 11D +) (versus smooth; Ng et al., 2022: figs. 2, 4B); and the vulva is proportionately larger, occupying most of the space of sternite 5 ( +Fig. 11B +) (versus vulva smaller, occupying two-thirds the space of sternite 5; Ng et al., 2022: fig. 7E, F). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC1FFCC218A1797EDADFB7B.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC1FFCC218A1797EDADFB7B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a16a5186fbc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC1FFCC218A1797EDADFB7B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Trigonocera ubinensis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 8 +, +9 +) + + + + +Diagnosis. +A medium-sized species (about +3 mm +long). Scape bare. Males with postpedicel elongate triangular 2–2.5 times as long as wide, arista 1.5 times longer than postpedicel. A long lower propleural bristle. Tergites 1–3 yellowish white with apical border brown. Hind coxa and metepimeron yellow. Female with postpedicel rounded, a little shorter than high. + + + + +Etymology. +The new species is named after the +type +locality Pulau Ubin. + + + + +Material examined +. + +Holotype +male. +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, +Puaka Hill +( +PU14 +), + +17 May 2018 + +, ( +1°24′23.22″N +,103°57′3 0.60″E), secondary forest ( +ZRCBDP0256851 +in +LKCNH +). GenBank accession code: PP893301. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +Singapore +, +3 males +, +Pulau Ubin +( +PU14 +), + +5 April 2018 + + +, secondary forest (Ma9837, +RBINS +): + +1 male +, Pulau Ubin, +PU14 +, +ZRCBDP0256869 + +_ + +Nabilah-Kareen +_ +MIPD17 +_ +PU14 +_ + +17May2018 + + +. + + + +Fig. 9. + +Trigonocera ubinensis + +, +new species +, male. A, Antenna outside with detail of apex postpedicel; B, Eighth sternite; C, Postgonite; D, Hypopygium lateral. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + + +Barcode: +ZRCBDP +0276611_WanTing_SGDolis025_ +PU +14_ +12Apr2018 +_imaged; whole mitogenome was done by Darren Yeo. GenBank accession code: PP893303. + + + + +Other material examined +. + +19 specimens +PU14 +( +type +locality) + +, + +3 specimens +PU12 + +; + +1 specimen +PU13 + +; specimen; + +1 specimen +PU20 + +; + +1 specimen +NSM1 + +; + +1 specimen +KM03 + +. In total, +27 specimens +were barcoded. They form a cluster of 0.3%, meaning that there is only 1 base pair difference between the haplotypes. + + +Male. +Length: body +2.8–2.9 mm +; wing +2.4–2.5 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons wide, wider than base of postpedicel. Face wide, parallel-sides a little narrower than frons. A pair of long retro- and lateroclinate ocellars, followed by pair of short proclinate bristles (⅓ length of the anterior bristles). A pair of short postvertical bristle, no vertical bristle. Upper postocular bristles short, black, and uniserial above, below longer, white, and only near mouth a few additional bristles behind the row of postoculars. + + +Antennae. +With brown postpedicel, black scape, and pedicel ( +Fig. 9 +). Scape a little longer than pedicel. Pedicel with a dorsal bristle a little longer than width of pedicel. Tip of pedicel conical going inside the postpedicel, but no thumb-like projection on pedicel reaching over the postpedicel. Postpedicel elongate triangular ( +0.31 mm +/ +0.15mm +), 2 times as long as wide at base. Ventral base of postpedicel not overlapping the pedicel ( +Fig. 9A +). Arista subapical ( +Fig. 9A +, detail of apex) about 1.5 times as long as postpedicel. Palpus white, with a long black apical bristle and 5 short additional bristles. + + +Thorax +. 8 pairs of short acr in anterior half; 4 long dorsocentrals, almost equally long. 2 strong marginal scutellars with a tiny hair at outside. A long propleural black bristle ( +Fig. 8 +). + + +Legs +. Entirely yellow, except for the brown mid coxa and a pale brownish patch on the base of the hind coxa. All bristles black. + +Fore legs. Coxa with 3 long black anterior bristles in apical half, a few short bristles in basal half, 2 short apical bristles. Femur with 3 preapical posteroventrals as long as femur is wide; 1 short preapical posterior, 3 fine ventrals near middle nearly half as long as femur is wide. Tibia with 1 short dorsal at middle, 1 ad on basal quarter, 1 short preapical dorsal. A pair of very small claws and minute pulvilli. +Mid legs. Coxa with an exterior black bristle at base a little longer than coxa is high and a shorter exterior near apex; anteriorly set with long bristles. Trochanter with 2 strong ventral bristles, longer than trochanter is long. Femur with a row of short anteroventral bristles, half as long as femur is wide. An anterior preapical bristle as long as femur is wide and 2 preapical anteroventrals. Tibia with a short ad near base and strong ad at basal fifth, a strong dorsal near middle and a shorter anteroventral below; 2 strong ventral bristles in apical crown. A pair of very small claws and minute pulvilli. +Hind legs. Coxa with a long exterior at base, as long as coxa is high and a minute bristle near apex. Trochanter with a long anterodorsal bristle. Femur with about 5 fine anteroventral bristles in apical half, half as long as femur is wide; a strong anterior preapical a little longer than femur is wide. Tibia with 5 short posterodorsal bristles; 2 anterodorsal, 3 short anteroventral bristles. A pair of short claws and minute pulvilli. + +Wings +. Hyaline with a faint brownish tinge, veins brownish. Veins +R +4+5 +and M +1+2 +running parallel in apical half, M +1+2 +with a faint bent before middle. Squama yellowish white with very long black bristles; haltere white. Metepimeron entirely yellow. + + +Abdomen +. Tergites 1–3 yellowish white, but apical border of these 3 tergites with a brown rim. Base of tergite 3 also with a brown rim. Tergite 4 with a yellowish spot at side. All tergites with short dorsal bristles and long apical bristles. Tergite 6 lacking bristles. Sternites 1–5 yellowish white; sternites 2–4 each with at least 4 moderately long bristles; no bristles on sternite 5. Tergite 8 ( +Fig. 9B +) with 4 equally strong macrosetae. + + +Male terminalia. +Fig. 9 +. Cercus yellow including the rounded basal lobe. Apical appendage of cercus at least 3 times as long as basal rounded part of cercus. Dorsal surstylus tubular with an apical bristle ( +Fig. 9D +). Postgonite with rectangular bent near middle, at base swollen with ventral part rounded ( +Fig. 9C +). Ventral surstylus yellowish brown, with apex a little darkened. Epandrial lobe broad, trapezoid with 2 long subapical bristles and a small bristle on the inside, near middle ( +Fig. 9D +). + + +Female. +Length: body +2.9–3 mm +; wing +2.3–2.4 mm +. + +Postpedicel a little shorter than long, with a rounded apex (not triangular). Postpedicel paler brown than the dark brown scape and pedicel. A pair of very long proclinate vertical bristles present, which is absent in males. Proboscis much stouter than in males with a larger yellowish palpus. Bristling and colouration of legs identical to males. Only mid coxa brown, while hind coxa and metepimeron are yellow. Colouration of tergites (tergite 1–3 yellowish white with posterior border browned and tergite 4 mainly brown with a yellow patch at side; tergite 5 entirely brown) and sternites (sternites 1–4 yellowish white, sternite 5 brown) identical to male. + +It is difficult to distinguish the females of these + +Trigonocera + +in a sample from + +Diaphorus + +females. Females have a short pedicel with a rounded apex, while males have a long triangular postpedicel. The +two females +reported here are associated with the males thanks to the barcoding. + + + + +Comments. +We refer to the comments made under the previous species + +Trigonocera pilifer + +, +new species +. + +Trigonocera ubinensis + +, +new species +, could be confused with some + +Diaphorus +species + +in also having a triangular postpedicel. + +D. longicornis +Olejníček, 2005 + +described from North +Laos +is such a species with a long triangular postpedicel 1.5 times as long as high, also with only mid coxa brown, and fore and hind coxa yellow. However, the fore tarsus lacks claws and has pulvilli longer than apical tarsomere and the abdomen lacks yellow patches in the latter species. + + +National distribution. +The new species is not very common in +Singapore +. + +It is most abundant in the +type +locality on Pulau Ubin ( +PU14 +), a secondary forest on Puaka Hill. It was also recorded from another secondary forest patch along the road in front of the Endut Senin campsite on Pulau Ubin. Single specimens were found in the back mangroves of Sungei [= River] Puaka ( +PU13 +) and on Pulau Ubin ( +PU20 +), respectively. Only +two specimens +were found on +Singapore + + +island itself: a single specimen in the swamp forest of Nee Soon and +one specimen +in the swamp forest of +Kranji Marshes. A +single male was found in +Preah Khan +( +Siem Reap +), +Cambodia + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC4FFC9230E1083E97DFE1B.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC4FFC9230E1083E97DFE1B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4d738d65114 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC4FFC9230E1083E97DFE1B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,284 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Medetera stigma +, + +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 10 +, +11 +) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +male. Pulau Ubin, Sungei [= River] Sempit, +Malaise trap +along creek in back mangrove, + +19 March 2019 + +, +PU23 +, +1°25′05.3″N +103°56′06.5″E +, (in 70% ethanol, +ZRCBDP0317875 +_Jayanthi_JPP930_ +PU23 +_ + +19Mar2019 + +; +LKCNHM +). GenBank accession code: PP893304. + + + + + +Paratype +. + +Pulau Ubin, male, Sungei [= River] Maman, creek, + +29 March 2018 + +, +PU17 +, +1°24′44.48″N +103°57′59.17″E +), front mangrove (70% ethanol) +ZRCBDP0288845 +, +PU17 +_ + +29Mar2018 + +LKCNHM +). GenBank accession code: PP893305 + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The new species is named + +stigma + +, referring to the presence of a brown spot at the base of the costa. The name + +stigma + +is used as a noun. + + + + +Diagnosis +. A small-sized species (about +2.5 mm +). Base of wings with a brownish streak at both sides of R +1 +. Face and palpus metallic green. Antenna yellow, postpedicel brownish on apex. Scutum without yellow colouration. Acrostichals biserial; 9 dorsocentrals, anterior 7 short, posterior 2 bristles long. Fore legs entirely black. Mid legs with trochanter and basal half of femur yellow, apical half femur, tibia and tarsus brown. Hind tibia with a black posterodorsal tooth beneath the preapical comb of bristles. Male terminalia with base of aedeagus not recurved, bent at a right angle. Tip hypandrium lacking denticles. Cercus undivided. + + +Male. +Length: body +2.6 mm +; wing +2.1 mm +. + + +Head. +Face wide, with a pruinosity, but shiny metallic green with some bluish reflection at base. Frons very short (shorter +Thorax +. Brownish black as base colour with a green metallic green shine, covered with a fine pruinosity. All bristles black. Acrostichals biserial, about 8 pairs; 9 dorsocentrals, anterior 7 bristles short, posterior 2 much longer, prescutellar bristle longest. Apical pair of scutellar bristles twice as long as bristles outside. A long white propleural bristle. Squama white with apical border brown, set with a row of pale brown bristles a little longer than squama is wide. Knob of haltere white, but with a brownish cap. + + +Legs. +Fore legs entirely black. Mid legs with tip of coxa pale brown, trochanter, basal half of femur yellow; apical half femur, tibia and tarsus brown. Hind legs with coxa brown, trochanter yellow, basal half femur yellow, but apical half yellowish brown, basal half tibia pale brown, apical half brown, tarsus entirely brown. + +Fore legs. Coxa with apical bristles yellow, shorter than coxa is wide; anterior bristles short, black. Femur with a posterior row of short brown bristles. No distinct bristles on tibia. +Mid legs. Coxa with whitish bristles; exterior bristle near apex coxa. Mid femur swollen on basal half with pale bristles, brown in apical half, half as long as femur is wide. Tibia with a short anterodorsal and posterodorsal bristle at basal quarter, as long as tibia is wide and a preapical ventral a little longer than tibia is wide. + +Hind legs. Coxa near middle with a pale brown bristle, shorter than coxa is long. Femur somewhat dorsoventrally bent in basal third; with 5 long black dorsal bristles near base; 4 anterior bristles on apical third and 3 anteroventral bristles as long as femur is wide; basal half of femur with short ventral whitish bristles. Tibia with a black posterodorsal tooth-like projection composed of 4 closely set bristles, beneath the preapical comb of pale bristles; apical quarter more densely set with short ventral bristles than the basal ¾ of tibia. Basal tarsomere much shorter than second tarsomere. Length ratio tarsomeres +1–5 in +mm: 0.16: 0.36: 0.22: 0.08: 0.95. + + +Abdomen +. Brown in ground-colour with a faint green metallic shine. Tergites with all bristles brown, marginal bristles a little longer. Sternites with minute white bristles. + + +Male terminalia. +Fig. 11 +. Entirely brown. A pair of apicoventral epandrial bristles of equal length inserted on globular papilla. Basal epandrial bristle minute ( +Fig. 11B, D +). Tip hypandrium much widened before tip, lacking denticles ( +Fig. 11G +). Base of aedeagus not recurved, bent at a right angle ( +Fig. 11G +). Dorsal and ventral surstylus well separated. Dorsal surstylus with an apical slit, bearing a lateral ( +Fig. 11C–E +) and reflexed appendage at the outside. Postgonite pointed in lateral view ( +Fig. 11G +). Cercus undivided ( +Fig. 11F, G +), with a digitiform ventral appendage near middle ( +Fig. 11G +). + + + +Fig. 11. + +Medetera stigma + +, +new species +, male terminalia. A, Ventral view; B, Hypandrium, epandrial bristles, ventral; C, Apex dorsal surstylus, right side; D, Ventral surstylus; E, Apex dorsal surstylus, left side; F, Cerci dorsal; G, Hypopygium lateral. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + + +Female. +Unknown. + + + + +Comments. + +Medetera stigma + +, +new species +, is quite characteristic in having at the base of the wings a brownish streak between the costa and R +1 +and below R +1 +. As far as we know, this characteristic is not observed in other + +Medetera +species. + + + + +Only +two specimens +are known: the +holotype +from a back mangrove near the mouth of Sungei Sempit ( +PU23 +) and a +paratype +from a front mangrove along Sungei Maman ( +PU17 +) + +. + + +None of the species handled by +Bickel (1987) +in his revision of the +Oriental +and Australasian + +Medetera + +and by +Yang et al. (2011) +in the Fauna sinica, correspond to the present new species. + + +Bionomics. +Adults of most + +Medetera +species + +are known to dwell on tree trunks where they hunt for small insects. The larvae of most species are predacious and live inside the burrows of bark beetles where they feed on the larvae of these beetles. Having this +type +of biology that on first sight is independent of the saline mangrove conditions, it is remarkable that a number of these + +Medetera +species + +are exclusive for back mangroves and occur in the terrestrial forests behind the mangroves. At present, four of the eleven species actually known from +Singapore +are exclusive for mangroves. Some species are dominant in mangroves and rarely occur in other biotopes, while some are exclusive for terrestrial forests. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC6FFC822DC165BED9CF9FB.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC6FFC822DC165BED9CF9FB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d56bdd6ae30 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC6FFC822DC165BED9CF9FB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Protomedetera squamata + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 12–14 +) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +male. +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, + +7 April 2016 + +, +MT +, +PU01 +( +1°25′12.40″N +103°56′6.35″E +) terminalia dissected and illustrated, no mitogenome (Ma9210, +LKCNHM +). + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +SINGAPORE +, +1 female +, +Pulau Ubin +, + +7 April 2016 + +, +MT +, +PU01 +(Ma9211) +ZRCBDP0084002 +; GenBank accession code: PP893307 + +; + +1 female +ZRCBDP0255641 +_ +PU19 +_ + +17May2018 + +_20190204; GenBank accession code: PP893308 + +; + +1 female +ZRCBDP0285063 +_ +PU19 +_ + +29Mar2018 + +( +LKCNHM +): GenBank accession code: PP893309 + +. + + + + +Fig. 13. + +Protomedetera squamata + +, +new species +, male terminalia. A, Ventral; B, Lateral. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + + + +Etymology. +The name + +squamata + +refers to the large squamiform bristles on the apex of the dorsal surstylus. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Small species with shiny metallic green head and thorax. Antenna yellow. Pedicel with 3 long marginal bristles covering the spheroid postpedicel. Biserial acrostichals and 4 long yellowish brown dorsocentrals. All coxae and femora blackish brown. Tibiae and tarsi yellow, except for a brown dorsal streak on fore tibia and apical tarsomere of all legs brown (almost black on fore tarsus). Surstylus with 2 wide, pale apicoventral squamiform bristles. Cercus small, oval. + + +Male. +Fig. 12 +. Length: body +1.74 mm +; wing +1.50 mm +, wing width: +0.47 mm +. + + +Head. +With frons and face very wide, shiny metallic green. Face triangular, wide below antenna, narrowing down to clypeus, there a little wider than pedicel. Hairs and bristles on head yellowish brown. A pair of strong retroclinate ocellar bristles, a pair of strong but shorter proclinate vertical bristles and a pair of short postvertical bristles. Postocular Fore legs. Coxa densely covered with short pale bristles, at least 2 very long apical bristles. Fore femur with short pale ventrals and 2 distinct posterior preapical bristles. Tibia without apicals. + +Mid legs. Coxa with short anterior bristles and a long pale brownish exterior bristle as long as coxa is long. Femur without ventrals, a tiny anterior preapical and posteroventral preapical. Tibia with a short dorsal near base, a longer at basal third. Ventral apical bristle long (nearly 2.5 times as long as tibia is wide). +Hind legs. Coxa with a short brownish exterior bristle near middle. Femur in apical half with a row of pale anteroventral bristles about half as long as femur is wide. Tibia with a long anterodorsal on basal third and a few distinct apical bristles. + + +Fig. 14. + +Protomedetera squamata + +, +new species +, female ovipositor. A, Dorsal; B, Lateral. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + +bristles short, uniserial. + +Antennae. +Scape yellow, short, with an interior projection. Pedicel yellow, cup-like, large, with postpedicel sunken in it; in the apical crown of bristles 3 long inner apical bristles longer than and curved over postpedicel; below the apical row, a second row of short bristles, sometimes with some additional scattered bristles. Postpedicel dusky yellowish, spheroid, with short pubescence and a subapical (shifted toward outside) long arista. All bristles on antenna yellowish brown. Arista black, naked, basal portion of arista short, like a short tubercle on the postpedicel. Palpus brown, small, circular, with a long yellowish brown subapical bristle and a few short bristles. + + +Thorax. +Shiny metallic green (pollinosity probably absent, not visible in ethanol conserved specimen). Pleura more brownish green. Apical half of mesonotum flat before scutellum. Hairs and bristles on thorax yellowish (dusky). Anterior dorsocentrals short, followed by 4 long dorsocentrals becoming longer toward scutellum, acrostichals present only on basal half of mesonotum, biserial very short, consisting of 8 pairs. A pair of very long crossing scutellars, lacking bristle at outside. + + +Legs. +Mainly brown but trochanters, tip of all femora, all tibiae and tarsomeres yellow, except for the dorsal fore tibia, which is darkened and tarsomere 5 of all legs brownish (darkest on fore tarsus). Hairs and bristles on legs pale. + + +Wings. +Nearly hyaline, tinged light yellow; veins yellowish brown. Squama pale with a short pale bristle. Haltere white. + + +Abdomen. +Dark brown. Hairs and bristles on tergites pale, only marginal bristles longer. + + +Male terminalia. +Fig. 13 +. Foramen basolateral ( +Fig. 13B +). Cercus pale, very short, oval, not pointed, with a subapical bristle hardly longer than the other bristles. Surstylus large, subrectangular, at the inner side with a rim bearing a strong bristle near middle ( +Fig. 13A, B +). Apicoventrally with 2 very large, wide pale squamiform bristles. Tip of surstylus with 3 smaller bristles and 2 longer bristles in a more lateral position (subapical). Apicoventral epandrial lobe lacking, but 3 epandrial bristles present, apical and basal longest. Basoventral epandrial lobe and bristles lacking. Hypandrium short ( +Fig. 13A +). A large vesical structure present at the tip of the phallus. + + +Female +. Length: body +1.5 mm +; wing +1.4 mm +. In most respects identical to male. A minute hair is present at both sides of the scutellars that is absent in male. Ovipositor illustrated in +Fig. 14 +. + + + + +Comments. +The presence of large squamiform bristles on the dorsal surstylus is unique in the genus + +Protomedetera + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC6FFC922B8117BEAB2FAFB.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC6FFC922B8117BEAB2FAFB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9a78fb39f65 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC6FFC922B8117BEAB2FAFB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + +Genus + +Protomedetera +Tang, Yang & Grootaert, 2018 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Protomedetera singaporensis +Grootaert & +Tang, 2018 + +(in +Tang et al., 2018 +) + + + +Protomedetera + +comprise small species with a body length less than or at most +2 mm +. The genus is quite rare in +Singapore +and up until now, only two species were known from +Singapore +. The +type +species of the genus, + +Protomedetera singaporensis +Grootaert & +Tang, 2018 + +(in +Tang et al., 2018 +) was described from a single male found in the swamp forest at Nee Soon ( +Singapore +). A second species + +P. glabra +Tang et al., 2018 + +, found only in anthropogenic habitats, is more common in +Singapore +. This species was attributed to the genus + +Protomedetera + +, but it has a different morphology and should probably be attributed to another genus. The postpedicel does not bear long apical bristles and the position of the male terminalia on the abdomen is different. + +P. glabra + +was originally described from +Papua New Guinea +and the specimens found in +Singapore +were considered conspecific. Although the male terminalia of the specimens from +Papua New Guinea +and those from +Singapore +are similar, they are distinctly different in other characteristics and hence the taxonomy of this species group needs revision. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC7FFD721B7155BEC13FAD5.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC7FFD721B7155BEC13FAD5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0d571d6335a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFC7FFD721B7155BEC13FAD5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Protomedetera ubinensis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 15 +) + + + + +Diagnosis. +Small species with shiny metallic green head and thorax. Antenna yellowish brown. Pedicel with 3 long inner marginal bristles bent over the darkened spheroid postpedicel. Palpus brown with a single brown bristle twice as long as palpus. Fore tibia much shorter than fore femur with a long pale ventral preapical bristle. Acr quadriserial, close to but distinctly separated from dorsocentrals. Anterior dorsocentrals very short, biserial, only the 2 prescutellar bristles long. Basal tarsomere of the hind leg that is contrastingly dark in comparison with the tibia and the following tarsomeres. + + + + +Fig. 15. + +Protomedetera ubinensis + +, +new species +, holotype female (ZRCBDP0085237). Photograph by Rene Ong. + + + + +Etymology. +The name of the new species refers to the +type +locality, Pulau Ubin. + + + + +Fig. 16. + +Protomedetera uncinata + +, +new species +, male habitus (ZRCBDP0085280). Photograph by Kristy Chang. + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +female. +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, + +7 April 2016 + +, +MT +, +PU04 +( +1°25′11.35″N +103°56′49.39″E +), back mangrove ( +ZRCBDP0085237 +_ +PU04 +_ + +07Apr2016 + +_20170417, extracted for barcode and mitogenome by Darren Yeo; +LKCNHM +) GenBank accession code: PP893310. + + + + + +Paratype +. + +SINGAPORE +: female, +Pulau Ubin +, + +29 March 2018 + +, +MT +, +PU19 +( +1°24′58.44″N +103°56′46.18″E +) back mangrove ( +ZRCBDP0285052 +_ +PU19 +_ + +29Mar2018 + +; imaged; +LKCNHM +). GenBank accession code: PP893311 + +. + + +Female. +Length: body +2 mm +; wing +1.63 mm +. Habitus similar to + +P. uncinata + +, +new species +, in having quadriserial acrostichal bristles and only 2 long dorsocentral bristles. Antenna dusky yellow with postpedicel brown. Palpus brown with a single brown bristle twice as long as palpus and a few short hairs. Legs with coxae and femora black. Tibia and tarsi yellow. Only the apical tarsomere of all tarsi dusky (not brown) and tarsomere 1 of hind leg contrastingly darkened. Fore tibia much shorter than fore femur with a long pale ventral preapical bristle. Ratio of fore femur, tibia and tarsomeres: 0.43: 0.33: 0.14: 0.06: 0.048: 0.032: 0.06 (in mm). Hind leg with tibia longer than femur. Ratio of hind femur, tibia and tarsomeres: 0.51: 0.55: 0.12: 0.17: 0.13: 0.06: 0.07 (in mm). + + +Male. +Unknown. + + + + +Comments. + +Protomedetera ubinensis + +, +new species +, is described from +two female +specimens only because their identical barcodes differ more than 10% from all other known + +Protomedetera +species. + +In addition, both specimens have the contrastingly darkened hind tarsomere 1, a character not present in other + +Protomedetera + +. The new species most resembles + +P. uncinata + +, +new species +, in having quadriserial acrostichal bristles and 2 long dorsocentrals, while + +P. squamata + +, +new species +, has biserial acrostichal bristles and 4 long dorsocentrals. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCAFFC3231F151BECD3FD3B.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCAFFC3231F151BECD3FD3B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4cc4917691f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCAFFC3231F151BECD3FD3B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,492 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Chrysotus dot + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 2 +, +3 +) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +male. +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, +Sungei +[= River] +Tock Kew +basin ( +OBS +), + +19 March 2019 + +, +Malaise trap +( +PU22 +) in back mangroves ( +ZRCBDP0317760 +, leg. +P. Grootaert +; in ethanol, +LKCNHM +). +GenBank +accession code: PP893289. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, +Sungei Tock Kew +basin ( +OBS +) + +, + +9 males +, +22 females +, +PU22 +, + +19 March 2019 + +(Ma10640) + +; + +2 females +, +PU22 +, + +26 March 2019 + +(MA10955) + +; + +6 males +, +9 females +, +PU22 +, + +2 April 2019 + +(Ma10718) + +; + +6 males +, +2 females +, +PU22 +, + +16 April 2019 + +(MA10986) + +; + +2 females +, +PU22 +, + +24 April 2019 + +(MA10972) + +; + +3 males +, +PU22 +, + +15 May 2019 + +(MA11506) + +; + +1 male +, +2 females +, +PU22 +, + +28 May 2019 + +(MA11189) + +; + +1 male +, +1 females +, +PU22 +, + +3 June 2019 + +(MA10982) + +; + +5 males +, +4 females +, +PU22 +, + +11 June 2019 + +(MA11180) + +; + +1 male +, +2 females +, +PU22 +, + +19 June 2019 + +(MA10976) + +; + +1 female +, +PU22 +, + +25 June 2019 + +, (MA10967) + +. Barcodes of + +58 specimens +from +PU22 + +are available. + + +Other material examined +. 2,357 barcodes of + +C. dot + +, +new species +, are available from Pulau Ubin, Pulau [= +Island +] Semakau, and Coney Island. + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named after the brown spot or dot that is present on the fore femora of the males and females. The English word +“dot +” is used as a noun. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A small species ( +1.1–1.3 mm +) with a black spot located dorsally on the middle of the fore femur in both sexes. Four dorsocentrals, 5 uniserial acrostichals. Haltere yellowish. Legs yellow, with apical 2 tarsomeres of all legs brown. Male: Antenna yellowish brown, pedicel contrastingly darker brown than the yellowish brown postpedicel. Frons very wide, eyes touching near middle of face, with at least 4 rows of enlarged eye facets on each side of face. Palpus yellow, large, oval, hiding proboscis and shorter in females, lacking black bristling. Apical 2 tarsomeres of all legs brown, slightly dorsoventrally flattened. Pulvilli present on all legs, though minute and narrow. Sternite 8 lacking macrosetae. Cerci yellow, ventral surstylus dark brown. Tip of aedeagus widened with complex structure. Female: palpus brown, not hiding the proboscis, covered with black bristles and a distinct apical. Legs coloured like in males. Apical tarsomeres of all legs brownish but not widened. + + +Male. +Length: body +1.1–1.3 mm +; wing +1.1–1.2 mm +. + +Grootaert & Van de Velde: New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin + + +Fig. 3. + +Chrysotus dot + +, +new species +, male terminalia. A, Hypopygium lateral; B, hypopygium ventral; C, Detail postgonite and tip phallus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + + +Head. +Frons very wide, metallic green. Eyes touching near middle of face, with at least 4 rows of enlarged eye facets at each side of face. All bristles black. A pair of long retroclinate, diverging ocellar bristles, a pair of proclinate vertical bristles as long as ocellars. Postoculars, short, fine, uniserial above, not distinct below. + + +Antennae. +Yellowish brown, pedicel contrastingly darker brown than postpedicel which is more yellowish. Pedicel with dorsal apical bristle nearly as long as pedicel is high. Postpedicel kidney-shaped, arista apical near middle, set with minute hairs. Palpus yellow, very large, oval, hiding proboscis, lacking distinct bristles. + + +Thorax. +Shiny metallic green. All bristles black. Four dorsocentrals almost equally long. Five uniserial acrostichals. A pair of widely separated marginal scutellars 2.5 times as long as scutellum is long. + + +Legs. +Yellow, fore femur with a blackish brown spot located dorsally in middle. Mid coxa brown, hind coxae paler brown. Apical 2 tarsomeres of all legs brown. + +Fore legs. Coxa with indistinct pale apical bristles. Femur and tibia lacking distinct bristles. Length femur, tibia, tarsomeres (in mm): 0.33: 0.34: 0.12: 0.047: 0.039: 0.032: 0.032. +Mid legs. Coxa lacking an exterior bristle, but a long bristle on middle of margin between anterior and dorsal part of the coxa. Femur with a brown posterior preapical bristle. Tibia with a short anterodorsal in basal quarter. Length femur, tibia, tarsomeres (in mm): 0.39: 0.39: 0.19: 0.09: 0.06: 0.032: 0.032. +Hind legs. A brown exterior bristle near base of coxa, longer than coxa is high and a slightly shorter apical bristle. Trochanter with a long dorsal bristle longer than trochanter. Femur with 3 preapical anteroventral bristles, middle bristle longest, longer than width of femur. Tibia lacking distinct bristles except for a few short apical bristles. +Length femur, tibia, tarsomeres (in mm): 0.39: 0.39: 0.17: 0.08: 0.05: 0.32: 0.05. + +Wings. +Brownish tinge with pale brown veins. Squama brown with 2 pale brown bristles. Haltere yellowish (not clear white). + + +Abdomen. +Brown, indistinctly shiny. All bristles black and short. Sternite 8 lacking macrosetae though a row of bristles is present ( +Fig. 3 +). + + +Male terminalia. +Fig. 3 +. Cercus yellow, surstylus brown. Epandrial lobe with 3 bristles, the apical bristle as long as lobe is wide, other 2 bristles minute. Ventral surstylus with a strong subapical bristle and a smaller bristle below. Apex of aedeagus widened with a complex structure ( +Fig. 3A–C +). Postgonite short, densely set with short hairs ( +Fig. 3C +). + + +Female. +Length: body +1.2–1.3 mm +; wing +1.10–1.11 mm +. + +Similar to males in colouration of legs. Palpus brown and much smaller than in males, with longer black bristles and a distinct apical. Proboscis yellowish, not hidden by palpus, long, about half as long as eye is high. Face as wide as postpedicel, apically protruding and pointed. Postpedicel reniform as in males, but more uniformly brown. Eye facets not enlarged and eyes not as wide as in males so that the row of lower postoculars is visible. Postoculars black above, longer and yellow below. Marginal bristles on tergites longer than in males. + + + +Comments. +This small new species is easily recognised by the yellow legs with a black spot located dorsally in the middle of the fore femora and this is in both sexes. The postpedicel is yellowish brown and somewhat kidney-shaped with an apical arista. The male has a very large oval yellowish palpus, while the female has a smaller brown palpus. It is the most common + +Chrysotus +species + +in back mangroves. It hardly visits front mangroves and was never observed in non-mangrove biotopes where many species of the entirely black + +Chrysotus +species + +are dominant. The genetic variation measured by the number of haplotypes is low, especially in comparison with the terrestrial black + +Chrysotus +species. + + + +The tip of the aedeagus in + +Chrysotus dot + +, +new species +, has a complex structure with folds and a spine-like projection ( +Fig. 3A–C +), similar to species of the + +C. leigongshanus + +species group ( +Wei, 2018 +). However, this species group has black femora, no pulvilli on the hind tarsus and sternite 8 with a pair of strong setae. In + +Chrysotus dot + +, +new species +, the femora are yellow, there are small pulvilli present on all legs, and sternite 8 does not bear strong setae. + + +Several other, but less common and yet to be described + +Chrysotus +species + +with yellow legs occur in back mangroves. They do not bear the typical black spot on the fore femora and have a brown triangular or trapezoid postpedicel with a short ventral protuberance. One of these species, + +C. ubinensis + +, +new species +, is described hereafter. + + +National distribution. +The new species is one of the most common + +Chrysotus + +and dolichopodid species, in +Singapore +in the back mangroves of Pulau Ubin. It was found all over the island in all 26 back mangrove stations that were sampled with Malaise traps ( +Fig. 1 +). In total, 2,784 specimens were collected in the back mangroves and 2,357 specimens were barcoded, showing very little variation in haplotypes (less than 0.7%). + + + +In the front mangroves of the replanted mangroves of Pulau Semakau, only a +single specimen was found in the three Malaise traps +that were operational for two full years ( +SMN3 +), while +239 specimens +were found in the adjacent old mangroves ( +SMO +), thus underlining that + +C. dot + +, +new species +, is really a back mangrove species. +It +was further found in the back mangroves of +Coney Island +( +17 specimens +in 5 sampled stations), +Berlayer Creek +( +1 specimen +in 2 sampled stations), and +Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve +( +227 specimens +in 14 sampled stations). +Remarkably +, it was not found in the mangroves at +Sarimbun +, +Lim Chu Kang +, and +Mandai + +. + + + + +Distribution in Southeast Asia. +The new species was found in all three mangrove sites in +Brunei +we investigated ( +Tutong +, Berambang, and Labu). They differ by 2.3% in haplotype structure from the +Singapore +populations and a deeper morphological study is needed to show if they represent the same species. Only a single female was found in a mangrove site in southern +Thailand +( +Surat Thani +, leg. A. Samoh) and genetically it falls entirely in the population of Pulau Ubin. + + +Phenology. +The new species is active throughout the year, but with its peak activity at the start of the rainy season in April and the lowest activity in the dryer periods of the year from end June to end September, with a second peak of activity from October to December. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCAFFC52339119BE94FF9BB.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCAFFC52339119BE94FF9BB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a6e218bc3d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCAFFC52339119BE94FF9BB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + +Genus + +Chrysotus +Meigen, 1824 + + + + + + + +The genus + +Chrysotus + +is very diverse with more than 550 species already known worldwide and more than 200 species known from the Oriental realm ( +Yang et al., 2006 +; +Wei, 2018 +; +Liu et al., 2020 +). These small dolichopodid flies of about +2 mm +in body length need microscopic identification and the male terminalia need to be dissected and examined in order to classify them into species groups ( +Wei et al., 2015 +). In the Oriental region, many + +Chrysotus +species + +coexist and many species are yet to be described. Identification of females based on morphology is almost impossible because females are all very similar-looking and are hardly ever associated with males in species descriptions. In his recent revision of the + +Chrysotus leigongshanus + +species group mainly based on material collected in the mountainous areas in southern +China +, +Wei (2018) +treated 59 species and described 56 species as new to science. Of these, 48 species were only known from the +holotype +male, of which none were associated with females. + + + +Fig. 2. + +Chrysotus dot + +, +new species +, habitus paratype male (ZRCBDP0083923). Photograph by Miteshravin S/O Ravindran. + + + +The two species described in this paper do not belong to those from the +Oriental region +that were recently described or revised ( +Wei et al., 2015 +; +Wei, 2018 +; +Liu et al., 2020 +). Moreover, both new species are exclusive mangrove species, a biotope that was never well investigated. Barcodes, which distinguish the new species from other related, cryptic species, are provided. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCCFFC121E7119BED64F95C.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCCFFC121E7119BED64F95C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4a37726c9b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCCFFC121E7119BED64F95C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,427 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Chrysotus ubinensis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 4 +, +5 +) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +male. +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, +Sungei Tock Kew +, +1 male +, +3 females +, + +16 April 2019 + +, +PU22 +( +LKCNHM +). + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, +Sungei Tock Kew +, +3 females +, + +16 April 2019 + +, +PU22 +; male, + +19 March 2018 + +, +ZRCBDP0317766 +: GenBank accession code: PP893290 + +. + + +Other material. + +Pulau Ubin, Chek Jawa, +1 male +, +1 female +, + +16 June 2012 + +( +PU1 +); Chek Jawa, +1 male +, +4 females +, + +20 April 2012 + +( +PU2 +). More than +200 specimens +were barcoded from Pulau Ubin: +PU1-2013 +, +PU01-2016 +, +PU01-2019 +, +PU02-2016 +, +PU09 +, +PU10 +, +PU13 +, +PU19 +, +PU20 +, +PU21 +, +PU22 +, +PU23 +, +PU25 +, and +PU26 +. Female, +ZRCBDP0084405 +_YuTing_ +IDOM13 +_ +PU01 +_ + +23Jun2016 + +: GenBank accession code: PP893291; +ZRCBDP0257018 +_Nabilah-Kareen_ +MIPD19 +_ +PU20 +_ + +29Mar2018 + +. GenBank accession code: PP893292; Pulau Semakau, old mangroves, +1 male +, +7 females +, + +4 July 2013 + +( +SMO2 +) (Ma6107; male terminalia illustrated). 15 from +SM02 +, +1 +from +SM01 +, +5 +from +SM03 +, +1 +from SMN2; +Sarimbun +, +ZRCBDP0041305 +_RP161_WTH24_SR03_ + +28May2014 + +; +GenBank +accession code: PP893294; +Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve +, +ZRCBDP0084993 +Minh +_ +IDOM20 +_ SB02_ + +14Mar2016 + +; +GenBank +accession code: PP893295; +Kranji Marshes +, +ZRCBDP0329050 +_ +Jayanthi +_MTJ024_ +KM04 +_ + +08May2019 + +. +GenBank +accession code: PP893296 + +. + + +In total, +225 specimens +were barcoded and all specimens had less than 1% difference in barcode. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A small species ( +1.8–2.2 mm +). Male postpedicel trapezoid, a little longer than high, with a distinct ventral projection. Females with a shorter trapezoid postpedicel, a little shorter than high, also with a short ventral projection. Frons and face broad in both sexes, parallel-sided, twice as wide as postpedicel. Legs yellow, but mid and hind coxae brown, apical 2–3 tarsomeres of all legs brownish (somewhat variable in males, in females only apical tarsomere brown). Sternite 8 with a pair of weak macrosetae. + + + + +Fig. 4. + +Chrysotus ubinensis + +, +new species +. A, Habitus paratype male (Ma6107). B, Paratype female (Ma6107). Photographs by Jayanthi Puniamoorthy. + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named after the island, Pulau Ubin, where it was found for the first time. + + +Male. +Length: body +1.8 mm +; wing +1.75 mm +. + + +Head. +Frons and face grey dusted, both parallel-sided, wide, two times as wide as postpedicel. + + +Antennae. +Black. Scape as long as pedicel. Pedicel lacking a long dorsal bristle. Postpedicel trapezoid, a little longer than high, with a distinct ventral projection. Vertical bristle short, ¼ length of ocellar bristle (verticals much longer in female). Palpus yellow, apical bristle not distinct from the other small black bristles. + + +Thorax. +Mesoscutum metallic green, grey dusted. All bristles pale brownish. 4–5 pairs of short acrostichal bristles; 6 dorsocentral bristles, anterior most very short, the following dc becoming longer toward scutellum, prescutellar longest and outside the row. A pair of very long marginal scutellar bristles, no bristle at the outside. + + +Legs. +Yellow, except for brown mid and hind coxae and apical 2–3 tarsomeres of all legs brownish (not black). + + +Wings. +With a greyish tinge, veins yellowish brown. Squama yellowish with a row of 5 pale brown bristles. Haltere white. + + +Abdomen. +Brown in ground-colour with metallic green shine. Sternites with a few long, fine bristles. Male terminalia ( +Fig. 5 +). Eighth sternite with a pair of weak macrosetae. Cercus yellowish, ventral surstylus brown with a black apical spine ( +Fig. 5A–C +). Tip of phallus simple ( +Fig. 5A +). Postgonite conical in lateral view ( +Fig. 5C +). + + +Female. +Length: body +1.76–2.18 mm +; wing +1.28–1.95 mm +. + +Face as wide as frons, both parallel-sided and two times as wide as postpedicel. Clypeus protruding. Proboscis much stronger than in males, palpus also larger than in males, yellow with black bristles with a distinct apical bristle. Postpedicel in females also trapezoid, a little shorter than high, with a shorter ventral projection. Vertical bristle longer than in males, proclinate and half as long the brown retroclinate ocellar. A postvertical bristle, upper postoculars uniserial brown and becoming pale and longer below. Apical tarsomere of all legs brownish in contrast to the other tarsomeres. + + + +Comments. + +Chrysotus ubinensis + +, +new species +, is part of a group of six cryptic species in +Singapore +that are recognised thanks to the barcoding differing from at least 6.3% to more than 10%. They all have yellow legs, with only the mid and hind coxae brownish, as well as the apical tarsomere that is brownish and, in some species, contrastingly black. All species of this group have a more or less triangular third antennal segment that in the new species is rather large, almost trapezoidal in males with a distinct ventral projection. The third antennal segment is smaller in females and the ventral projection is shorter. In the other species, the third antennal segment is smaller and a ventral projection is indistinct. This means that identification on morphological grounds is difficult and barcoding is necessary, especially because females are more similar than males. On Pulau Ubin, three other species—in addition to the new species—were also found and are very rare. All were females and two species were only found in the secondary forests on Pulau Ubin, Nee Soon, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, and Kranji Marshes. + + + +Fig. 5. + +Chrysotus ubinensis + +, +new species +, male terminalia. A, Hypopygium lateral; B, Hypopygium ventral; C, Epandrial lobe and tip ventral surstylus lateral; D, postgonite. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + + +National distribution. + +Confirmed by the 225 available barcodes, + +C. ubinensis + +, +new species +, is very common in back mangroves on Pulau Ubin (nearly +200 specimens +barcoded from 14 of the 26 +stations ever sampled with Malaise traps +all over the island). The species is also common in the old back mangroves of Pulau Semakau ( +SMO +) with more than 20 barcoded specimens, while there was only a single record from the replanted mangroves ( +SMN +), which did not have established back mangroves during the two-year study (2012–2014). +Although +many other mangroves were surveyed in +Singapore +during the last 15 years, the new species is very rare in other sites; there is a single record from +Sarimbun +, a single record from +Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve +, and a single record from +Kranji Marshes +, which were formerly mangroves but has turned into a freshwater swamp forest. +It +was also the only record of the species that is not a true back mangrove species. A noteworthy observation is that the haplotypes in the new species do not vary much (less than 0.3%) over all the mangroves in +Singapore +. +The +new species was not yet recognised outside of +Singapore +as morpho-species nor as haplotype + +. + + + +General comments on + +Chrysotus + +. + +The barcoding showed that there are several cryptic species of + +Chrysotus + +present in the same samples. There were at least 10 cryptic species ‘hidden’ in a + +Chrysotus + +with black legs, of which the males are morphologically difficult to distinguish. A thorough study of the male terminalia of this group is needed to see whether they belong to species already described ( +Wei, 2018 +). Association of females, representing 60–80% of the population, to males is generally very difficult because firstly, females were generally not described and, secondly, they are very similar in morphology. Genetic barcoding is mandatory to provide reliable identifications so that accurate data will become available for ecological studies. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCFFFCE22D2152EEAA6F81B.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCFFFCE22D2152EEAA6F81B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cc3fcf3d563 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFCFFFCE22D2152EEAA6F81B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Trigonocera pilifer + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 6 +, +7 +) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +male. +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, + +29 March 2018 + +, +PU14 +, secondary forest ( +Ma +9841, leg. +P. Grootaert +; in ethanol +LKCNHM +). + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, +5 males +, + +29 March 2018 + +station, +PU14 +( +Ma +9841, leg. +P. Grootaert +; +LKCNHM +). +1 male +dissected and figured; female, +PU13 +, +ZRCBDP0257677 +, + +29 March 2018 + +; +GenBank +accession code: PP893297; male, +PU13 +, +ZRCBDP0281269 +, + +7 June 2018 + +; male, +Botanic Gardens +( +CUGE +) +ZRCBDP0276806 +, + +10 November 2017 + +; male, Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park ( +BAP01 +) +ZRCBDP0275497 +, + +3 June 2018 + +; GenBank accession code: PP893298; female, Prince Georges Park, +ZRCBDP0041193 +, + +20 May 2015 + +; GenBank accession code: PP893299; male, Pulau Semakau ( +SM03 +) +ZRCBDP0105383 +, + +23 January 2014 + +, GenBank accession code: PP893300 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A medium-sized species ( +3 mm +). Scape with bristles above. Propleural bristle short. Fore tarsus with claws and minute pulvilli. Metepimeron and basal tergite yellowish brown, tergites 2–3 whitish. + + + + +Etymology. +The new species is named ‘pilifer’ after the bristles that are present on the first antennal segment (scape). + + +Male. +Length: body +2.9 mm +; wing +2.4 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons very wide, anteriorly nearly twice as wide as base of postpedicel. Face narrower than frons, face at base as wide as base of postpedicel, narrowing downwards. A pair of long retro- and lateroclinate ocellars, followed by a pair of short, weak proclinate basal ocellar bristles (¼ length of the anterior bristles). A pair of short postvertical bristles. A pair of strong proclinate vertical bristles nearly as long as the anterior ocellars. Upper postocular bristles short, black, and uniserial above, below only a little longer, white, and longest only near mouth. A few pale additional bristles behind the row of postoculars. + + +Antennae. +Dark brown ( +Figs. 6 +, +7A–C +). Scape longer than pedicel, dorsally with a few bristles, half as long as scape. Pedicel with a dorsal bristle as long as pedicel is wide. Inner apical margin projecting inside base of postpedicel. Postpedicel triangular, nearly 2 times as long as wide at base, with the ventral margin widely overlapping the pedicel. Arista subapical, inserted a little beyond middle of dorsal margin of postpedicel. Palpus white, with a black apical bristle rather strong and half as long as palpus, in addition a few fine short hairs. + + + +Fig. 7. + +Trigonocera pilifer + +, +new species +, male. A, Antenna outside; B, Postpedicel outside; C, Postpedicel inside; D, Dorsal and ventral surstylus; E, Postgonite and dorsal surstylus; F, Hypopygium lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + + +Thorax +. 7 pairs of short fine acrostichals in anterior ⅔; 5 long dorsocentrals, anterior 3 equally long, posterior 2 bristles 1.5 times as long as preceding; prescutellar a little outside the row of dorsoventrals. 2 strong marginal scutellars with a tiny hair at outside. A short, fine propleural black bristle (not as prominent as in + +T. ubinensis + +, +new species +). + + +Legs +. Entirely yellow, except for the brown mid and hind coxae. All bristles black. + +Fore legs. Coxa with 3 long black anterior bristles in apical half, a few minute bristles, and 2 short apical bristles. Femur with 2 preapical posteroventrals as long as femur is wide; 1 short preapical posterior, a row of fine ventral bristle, 3 ventrals near middle longest, nearly half as long as femur is wide. Tibia lacking distinct bristles except from the weak bristles in the apical crown; a dense set row of fine pale bristles located ventrally, nearly as long as tibia is wide. A pair of small claws and indistinct pulvilli. +Mid legs. Coxa with an exterior black bristle at base as long as coxa is high and a shorter exterior near apex; anteriorly set with long bristles. Trochanter with 2 black anterior bristles, longer than trochanter is long, apical most bristle longest. Femur with a row of posteroventral bristles in apical half, as long as femur is wide. No anterior preapical bristle. Tibia with a short anterodorsal near base and 2 shorter dorsal bristles near middle; bristles in apical crown strong but not much longer than width of apex of tibia. A pair of small claws and minute pulvilli. +Hind legs. Coxa with a long exterior at base, as long as coxa is high and 1 or 2 minute bristles near apex. Trochanter with two long anterodorsal bristles. Femur lacking an anterior preapical, but with a preapical av about as long as femur is wide; no other distinct bristles (no ventrals). Tibia with 2 short dorsal bristles in apical half, and an apical crown of rather short bristles. A pair of short claws and minute pulvilli. + +Wings. +Hyaline with a faint brownish tinge, veins brownish. Veins R +4+5 +and M +1+2 +running parallel over entire length, M +1+2 +straight (lacking a weak bent near middle). Squama dusky with very long black bristles, dorsal paler. Haltere white. Metepimeron brownish. + + +Abdomen. +Tergite 1 pale brown, tergites 2–3 yellowish white, but all 3 tergites dorsally with apical border brownish. Tergite 4 with a yellowish spot at side. All tergites with short dorsal bristles and long apical bristles, except tergite 6 which lacks bristles. Sternites 1–3 yellowish white; sternites 4–5 brown. Sternites 2–4 each with very short black bristles, and a pair of somewhat longer apical bristles; no apical bristles on sternite 5. + + +Male terminalia. +Fig. 7 +. Cercus pale brownish including the rounded basal lobe that bears black bristles, the ventral appendage at least 2 times as long as rounded part, with a few bristles located dorsally, apical pair of bristles strongest ( +Fig. 7F +). Dorsal surstylus tubular, hidden by the ventral surstylus, bearing a long apical bristle. Ventral surstylus brown, long, narrowing toward tip ( +Fig. 7D +) with only a few minute hairs near apex. Postgonite with a rectangular bent near base and a rounded, rectangular bent near middle ( +Fig. 7E +). Epandrial lobe, elongate rectangular with a long bristle inside its base and 2 closely set apical bristles ( +Fig. 7F +). + + +Female. +Unknown. Probably not recognised because it was confused with similar-looking + +Diaphorus + +females that also have a shorter, non-triangular postpedicel. + + + + +Comments. + +Trigonocera pilifer + +, +new species +, is quite peculiar in having distinct dorsal bristles on the scape. In the world key recently made by +Liu et al. (2018) +, the new species would run to + +T. lucidiventris + +Becker, +1922 + + +in having pale basal tergites. +Olejníček (2004) +revised the +type +material and made a re-description and illustrations of this species. The scape does not bear dorsal bristles ( +Olejníček, 2004 +; fig. 1) and the postpedicel is shorter in the new species but elongate triangular in + +T. lucidiventris + +. The base of the postpedicel is truncate, while in the new species it has a wide ventral lobe over the pedicel ( +Fig. 7B, C +). It is not clear if the pedicel has a thumb-like projection into the base of the postpedicel. The epandrial lobe is much narrower ( +Olejníček, 2004 +; +Fig. 4 +) than in + +Trigonocera pilifer + +, +new species +, but unfortunately the postgonite was not illustrated. + + + +Fig. 8. + +Trigonocera ubinensis + +, +new species +, male habitus (ZRCBDP0276611). Photograph by Rene Ong. + + + + +Trigonocera specialis +Becker, 1922 + +that also has pale basal tergites, has enlarged pulvilli on the fore tarsus. According to +Olejníček (2004) +, who also gave a re-description of this species, the scape is bare and the postpedicel is nearly 3 times as long as wide, somewhat onion-shaped at its base with a long narrow apex ( +Olejníček, 2004 +; +Fig. 9 +). The epandrial lobe is very narrow bearing a pair of very long bristles. + + +National distribution. +Barcoding allowed for the identification of formerly unrecognised specimens that seem to have a wide distribution not limited to mangroves alone. + +Trigonocera pilifer + +, +new species +, is presently known from Pulau Ubin, Pulau Semakau, and the more anthropogenic habitats at Prince Georges Park (PGP), Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, and the Botanic Gardens (CUGE). + + +Comments. +Apart from the triangular postpedicel in males and the attachment of the postpedicel on the pedicel, the differences between + +Diaphorus + +and + +Trigonocera + +remain subtle. In + +Trigonocera + +, the postgonite has a dorsal rectangular bent near its middle (see +Figs. 7 +and +9 +), while the postgonite is generally not so strongly bent near its middle in + +Diaphorus + +. This character, however, needs further verification. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFD8FFD5219D1604EDF9F8DB.xml b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFD8FFD5219D1604EDF9F8DB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a5a1969e62f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/46/12/87/461287F6FFD8FFD5219D1604EDF9F8DB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,476 @@ + + + +New long-legged flies from mangroves on Pulau Ubin (Singapore) (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae) + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + + + +Author + +Velde, + + + +Author + +Isabella Van de + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +72 + + +303 +323 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0025 +2345-7600 +14683054 +079CC651-8D4D-4B95-B022-388B2FA51FE2 + + + + + + + +Protomedetera uncinata + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 16–18 +) + + + + +Diagnosis. +Small species with shiny metallic green head and thorax. Antenna yellow, but pedicel with almost black apex. Pedicel with 3 long marginal bristles covering the spheroid postpedicel. Anterior half uniformly covered with short bristles; 4-serial acrostichals indistinctly separated from dorsocentrals. Only the 2 prescutellar dorsocentral bristles long. All coxae and femora blackish brown, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Tip hypandrium very wide, forked, and dorsally bent. Surstylus lacking squamiform bristles. Cerci small, oval. + + + + +Etymology. +The name + +uncinata + +(Lat. Feminine uncīnāta: bearing hooks) refers to hook-like bifurcate tip of the hypandrium. + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male. +Singapore +, +Pulau Ubin +, ( +PU07 +) + +16 March 2016 + +, +Malaise trap +( +ZRCBDP0085280 +in +LKCNHM +; leg. +P. Grootaert +). +GenBank +accession code: PP893312 + + + + +Fig. 17. + +Protomedetera uncinata + +, +new species +, female habitus (ZRCBDP008400). Photograph by Kristy Chang. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +SINGAPORE +, female, +ZRCBDP0081888 +_12_ +PU01 +_ + +10Aug2016 + +; +GenBank +accession code: PP893313; female +ZRCBDP0084331 +_ +PU01 +_ + +01Jun2016 + +, +GenBank +accession code: PP893314; female +ZRCBDP0084003 +_ +PU01 +_07 +Apr +201 (imaged), +GenBank +accession code: PP893315; female +ZRCBDP0085270 +_ +PU04 +_ + +08Jun2016 + +, +GenBank +accession code: PP893316; female +ZRCBDP0085236 +_ +PU04 +_ + +07Apr2016 + +, +GenBank +accession code: PP893317; female +ZRCBDP0085235 +_ +PU04 +_ + +07Apr2016 + +; +GenBank +accession code: PP893317; female +ZRCBDP0085269 +_ +PU04 +_ + +01Jun2016 + +(Ma9036); +GenBank +accession code: PP893319; female +ZRCBDP0085280 +_ +PU07 +_ + +16Mar2016 + +(mitogenome); +ZRCBDP0083285 +_ +PU10 +, +GenBank +accession code: PP893320; +ZRCBDP0257071 +_ +PU19 +_ + +26Apr2018 + +; +GenBank +accession code: PP893321; +ZRCBDP0256595 +_ +PU19 +_ + +03May2018 + +; +GenBank +accession code: PP893322; +ZRCBDP0317777 +_ +PU24 +_ + +02Apr2019 + +; GenBank accession code: PP893323 + +. + + + +Fig. 18. + +Protomedetera uncinata + +, +new species +, male terminalia. A, Ventral; B, Lateral; C, Dorsal. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Drawings by P. Grootaert. + + + +Male. +Length: body +1.79 mm +; wing +1.66 mm +; wing width +0.55 mm +. + + +Head. +Frons and face shiny metallic green. Face triangular, wide below antenna, narrowing down to clypeus, there a little wider than pedicel; indented near middle with a furrow. Clypeus narrow. Hairs and bristles on head brownish. A pair of strong retroclinate ocellar bristles, a pair of strong proclinate vertical bristles ( +Fig. 16 +) and a pair of short postvertical bristles pointing inward. Postocular bristles uniseriate, brown. + + +Antennae. +Scape yellow, short, with an interior projection. Pedicel yellow, cup-like, large, with postpedicel sunken in it; in the apical crown of bristles 3 long apical bristles longer than and bending over the postpedicel; below the long ventral apical bristle a second a long finer bristle; with some additional short, scattered bristles, most at the inner side. Postpedicel with apex dark brown, spheroid, with short pubescence and a subapical long arista (shifted toward outside). All bristles on postpedicel brown. Arista 3 times as long as all antennal segments together; black, naked, basal portion of arista short. Palpus brown, small, circular, with a long brown subapical bristle, and a second bristle beneath. + + +Thorax. +Brownish metallic (pollinosity probably absent, not visible in the ethanol conserved specimen). Basal half of mesonotum uniformly covered with short bristles, the rows of 4 serial acrostichals indistinctly separated from dc. Apical half of mesonotum flat before scutellum, lacking bristles in central area. Hairs and bristles on thorax brownish black; 2 long prescutellar dorsocentral bristles, anterior dorsocentrals short followed by 2 long prescutellar dorsocentrals. A pair of very long crossing scutellars with a short bristle at outside. + + +Legs. +Mainly brown but trochanters, tip of all femora, all tibiae and tarsomeres yellow except tarsomere 5 of all legs brownish. Hairs and bristles on legs brownish black. + +Fore legs. Coxa densely covered with short pale bristles, long apical bristles; one bristle in middle longer than the others. Fore femur with short pale ventrals and no distinct posterior preapical bristles. Tibia with short apicals. +Mid legs. Coxa with short anterior bristles and a long pale brownish exterior bristle as long as coxa is long. Femur with a fine preapical anterior bristle. Tibia with a short anterodorsal and a longer posterodorsal near base; a stronger anterodorsal at ⅓ of base and a small anterodorsal in preapical crown; ventral preapical twice as long as width of tibia. +Hind legs. Coxa with a short brownish exterior bristle near middle. Femur in apical half with a row of short brown anteroventral bristles; preapical anterior bristles indistinct. Hind femur with indistinct preapical bristles. Hind tibia lacking distinct bristles, apart from the short bristles in apical crown. + +Wings. +Hyaline, tinged yellowish grey. Veins yellowish brown. Squama white, with a single short brown bristle. Haltere white. + + +Abdomen. +Brown. + + +Male terminalia. +Fig. 18 +. Foramen situated at base of epandrium. Surstylus brown, wide truncate composed of a single element supposed to be the dorsal surstylus. Apex surstylus rounded with 3 short and 3 long bristles on the ventral side, and 2 strong subapical bristles on the lateral side ( +Fig. 18B +). Cercus short oval, with a short and a very long apical bristle ( +Fig. 18B +), other bristles short ( +Fig. 18C +). Hypandrium bifurcate ( +Fig. 18A +), the fork bent dorsally ( +Fig. 18B +). Phallus hidden below hypandrium. Apicoventral epandrial lobe lacking, but 3 almost equally long epandrial bristles present. + + +Female. +Length: body +1.55–2 mm +; wing +1.64–2.2 mm +. In most aspects, resembles male as there are no secondary sexual characters. + + + + +Comments. +Variability is noted in the darkening of the postpedicel from brown with a paler base to almost black apex. + +Protomedetera uncinata + +, +new species +, differs from all other known + +Protomedetera + +by the strong forked tip of the hypandrium. The forks are bent dorsally. + + +National distribution. +Thanks to the barcoding, +13 specimens +were identified. + +Protomedetera uncinata + +, +new species +, is the most abundant + +Protomedetera +species + +ever found in +Singapore +; it is exclusive to Pulau Ubin. All the records are from back mangroves, except for a single record from a coastal forest (PU26). This site is very close to a back mangrove, so sample contamination could have occurred during flooding of the area by a storm and a spring tide. + + + +Other + +Protomedetera +species. + + +Two more unidentified species of + +Protomedetera + +were found on Pulau Ubin. + + +1. A female of + +Protomedetera + +with quadriserial acrostichal bristles, 4 long dorsocentrals, and yellow hind metatarsus was found in station PU01 on +19 March 2019 +(labelled sp4). It seems to be different from the other three species reported above. Unfortunately, no barcode is available yet to give an indication if it might belong to another species. + + +2. A female, provisionally labelled as sp5 (PU01, ZRCBDP0083912, image on BOS: https://singapore. biodiversity.online/species/A-Arth-Hexa-Diptera-002292) has the proboscis as long as head is high, which is unusually long for + +Protomedetera + +. It has 2 long dorsocentrals, but since the specimen was severely damaged, some dorsocentrals may have been lost. The basal tarsomere of the hind tarsus is slender and longer than the following tarsomere, which is also unusual for + +Protomedetera + +. Since the specimen was destroyed during extraction for sequencing, no nomenclatorial actions can be taken. The mitogenome was successful and the species clusters at the outside of the other + +Protomedetera + +. Following barcode is available (courtesy of Darren Yeo): ZRCBDP0083912 sp5 PU01, GenBank accession code: PP893324. + + + +3. A female belonging to the + +P. glabra + +group was found in a strip of secondary forest in front of Endut Senit Campsite ( +PU12 +, +ZRCBDP0281845 +_ +PU12 +_ + +22Mar2018 + +, GenBank accession code: +PP893325 +) + +. + + +As already mentioned above, + +P. glabra + +has different morphology from the type species of + +Protomedetera + +and should probably be attributed to another genus. The postpedicel does not bear long apical bristles and the position of the male terminalia on the abdomen is different. + +Protomedetera glabra +Tang et al., 2018 + +was found in +Papua New Guinea +( +holotype +) and in +Singapore +, but although the male terminalia of the specimens from +Papua New Guinea +and those from +Singapore +are similar, they are distinctly different and hence the taxonomy of this species group needs revision. The species was generally found in anthropogenic habitats, like Clementi Woods (park), Evolution Garden (Botanic Gardens), NUS (university park), and Sime Forest. + + + +Comments on + +Protomedetera + +in Pulau Ubin. + +The genus + +Protomedetera + +is very rare in +Singapore +and although many sites and various biotopes were surveyed during the last twenty years for prolonged periods, only two species were recorded in the past ( +Tang et al., 2018 +). With six species now, Pulau Ubin seems to be a hot spot for the genus + +Protomedetera + +. It is unclear what the reason might be. On Pulau Ubin, all species were found in mangrove areas or very close to mangroves. + +Protomedetera + +is a tree trunk dweller, but its precise biology is unknown. The presence of lots of dead decaying wood present at the surveyed sites might favour the presence of + +Protomedetera + +, where it might feed on wood inhabiting insects like the related genus + +Medetera + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/9B/5F/BC/9B5FBC4801419E63FF48173EFC571EF0.xml b/data/9B/5F/BC/9B5FBC4801419E63FF48173EFC571EF0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b48486f66e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/9B/5F/BC/9B5FBC4801419E63FF48173EFC571EF0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ + + + +Another new species of Iotacyphinae (Lophioneuridae, Thysanoptera s. l.) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber + + + +Author + +Shcherbakov, Dmitry E. + + + +Author + +Shmakov, Alexei S. + +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal + + +2024 + +33 + + +4 + + +415 +418 + + + + +http://zoobank.org/5790d6b8-416b-4ee6-9da1-d789cf7869cc + +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.33.4.01 +0132-8069 +14683166 + + + + + + +Iotacypha vishniakovae +Shcherbakov et Shmakov + +, + +sp.n. + + + + + + +Figs 1–9 +. + + + + + +MATERIAL. +Holotype +PIN 5608 +/174, female — +Burmese +amber, +Hukawng Valley +, +Kachin State +, +Myanmar +; mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian). + + + + + +DESCRIPTION. Very small, robust lophioneurids; female body length +0.65 mm +(as preserved). Subbrachypterous. Forewings +0.7 mm +long, rather broad (1.9:1), widest beyond 2/3 wing length, broadly rounded apically, steeply tectiform in repose (their apical margins held vertically and meeting along midline), deeply convex, strongly sclerotized (especially proximally); wing base pale; membrane translucent, covered with stub-like microtrichia and fine dark hexagonal areolation, areoles increase and somewhat fade towards apex; veins dark, raised, beset with strong curved setae (including distal C). Costal margin sinuate about midlength (at least in anterior view); costal vein submarginal, with well-developed areolate precostal carina reaching RP2. Sc absent. RA strongly sigmoidal, almost as long as wing width, distant from C distally, leaving short R+M stem about its midlength (short RP+M stem developed). Arculus (basal +m-cu +crossvein) between R+M and CuA closing broad basal cell. RP and M both forked before 2/3 wing length, RP1 and M2 transverse, oblique RP2 and M1 fused for a short distance, forming petiole of apical cell enclosing wing apex. RP1 apex not far from RA; discal cell longer than each of two preapical cells; apical and anterior preapical cells transverse, posterior preapical cell elongated. Clavus short and broad, with two anal veins. Hind wings narrow, broadly rounded at apex; veins dark; R+M+CuA stem dividing distal to 1/2 wing length, R and M separating distal to 1/3 wing length; R, M and CuA subtransverse; claval furrow distinct; clavus with areolation near base. + +Antennae 7-segmented, about 1/2 as long as forewing; scape and pedicel stout; flagellum moderately slender; first and last flagellomeres shortest, terminal flagellomere with two very long curved sense cones (much surpassing its apex) and three unequal apical setae. Eyes protruding, rounded; ommatidia few in number, loosely arranged. Cranium rounded; lateral ocelli near eyes; median ocellus near base of clypeus. Mouth cone wide, directed ventrally and slightly anteriorly; maxillary palps moderately long, stout, probably 3-segmented, 2nd segment long and massive, 3rd segment minute; labial palps short, unsegmented. Pronotum transverse, saddle-shaped; mesoscutum subtriangular. Legs rather short, hind tibia no longer than 1/4 forewing length. Hind coxae largest. Tibiae with rows of setae. Tarsi 2-segmented, basitarsus about 1/2 distitarsus length; right fore tarsus deformed or malformed, longer than any other tarsus and appearing 3-segmented; two slender curved claws with sub-basal tooth. Female abdomen as long as head + thorax, widest and more sclerotized proximally. Last two sternites with small rounded median projection on posterior margin. Ovipositor rudimentary, concealed by last sternite. + + + +ETYMOLOGY.After paleoentomologist +Valentina N. Vishniakova +for her great contribution to our knowledge of lophioneurids. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E412302FFD2FF615EBBA933F7E0.xml b/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E412302FFD2FF615EBBA933F7E0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1ad3849e47a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E412302FFD2FF615EBBA933F7E0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ + + + +A new pulmonate microsnail species in the genus Boysidia, with remarks on Bensonella and Krobylos species (Pupilloidea: Hypselostomatidae) from northern Laos + + + +Author + +Inkhavilay, Khamla + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +72 + + +438 +449 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0032 +2345-7600 +14682797 +D7A0B570-07AC-47F5-9B56-88EBDB277EC0 + + + + + + +Genus + +Krobylos +Panha & Burch, 2002 + + + + + + + + + + +Krobylos +Panha & Burch, 2002b: 127 + + +. + +Panha & Burch, 2005: 104 + +. + +Páll-Gergely et al., 2015: 52 + +. + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Krobylos pomjuk +Panha & Burch, 2002 + +, by original designation. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Shell depressed to elevated conic, brownish to light brown, whorl more or less angular, and suture deep. Shell surface with dense and irregular growth lines, and very weak spiral striae may be present. Aperture subvertical; peristome simple (not expanded) to weakly expanded; apertural dentition absent. Umbilicus narrow and rimate. + + + + +Remarks. +Currently, + +Krobylos + +consists of nine species, six of which are known exclusively in +Thailand +, two from +Laos +, and only one from southern +China +( +Panha & Burch, 2005 +; +Páll-Gergely et al., 2015 +; MolluscaBase, 2024). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E412309FFDCFEB45C3DABB5FC5A.xml b/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E412309FFDCFEB45C3DABB5FC5A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..73e6d6308d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E412309FFDCFEB45C3DABB5FC5A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ + + + +A new pulmonate microsnail species in the genus Boysidia, with remarks on Bensonella and Krobylos species (Pupilloidea: Hypselostomatidae) from northern Laos + + + +Author + +Inkhavilay, Khamla + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +72 + + +438 +449 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0032 +2345-7600 +14682797 +D7A0B570-07AC-47F5-9B56-88EBDB277EC0 + + + + + + + +Boysidia houaphanica + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs 2B +, +3 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +CUMZ 14420 +(height +3.2 mm +, width +2.8 mm +, 6 whorls; +Fig. 3A–C +) from limestone outcrop at +Ban Lao +, +Samtay District +, +Houaphanh Province +, +Laos +( +20°00′52.4″N +, +104°40′57.0″E +), coll. +K. Inkhavilay +, A. Inthavong and +C. Oulaiseng +, + +May 2022 + + +. + +Paratypes +CUMZ 14421 +(6 shells; +Figs 2B +, +3D +) + +, + +CUMZ 14422 +(3 shells), and + + +NHMUK +(2 shells) were all collected from the type locality together with the +holotype + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Shell minute, heliciform, without tuba. Protoconch sculpture with weakly malleated pits; teleoconch with irregular growth lines. Apertural dentition consisting of five lamellae (parietal, upper and lower palatals, basal and columellar), and small palatal tubercle. + + + + +Description. +Shell elongate conical, yellowish brown to chestnut-brown, with 5½ to 6¾ convex whorls. Shell height +3.1–3.5 mm +, shell width +2.5–2.8 mm +. Apex rather round; protoconch about 1½ whorls with weak malleated pits. Teleoconch generally smooth with scattered, prominent and irregular growth lines; suture wide, deeply impressed. Last whorl large, rounded, slightly descending near aperture. Peristome attached to preceding whorl; inner surface including plicae and lamellae covered with scattered small nodules; lip slightly thickened, whitish, broadly expanded. Aperture sub-rectangular, with six apertural teeth. Parietal lamella (p) strongly developed, elevated, sinuous deeply inside aperture, consisting of two parts separated at concrescent point: outer part elevated, strong, curved, reaching peristome margin; inner part thickened, elevated, stronger than outer part. Palatal tubercle (pt) strongly developed with triangular shape. Upper palatal plica (upl) thin, flake shaped, long inside aperture, elevated to nearly touch parietal lamella, forming an almost separate chamber at upper junction of peristome; lower (lpl) palatal strong, elevated. Basal plica (b) prominent, small and low. Columellar lamella (c) large, strong, distinct horizontally. Umbilicus perforate, about one-fourth of shell width, rounded, shallow, not revealing preceding whorl. + + + + +Fig. 2. A, + +Boysidia pahpetensis +Saurin, 1953 + +, syntype MNHN-IM-2000-33880 from Pah Hia. B, + +Boysidia houaphanica + +, +new species +, paratype CUMZ 14421 from Samtay, Houaphanh, Laos. Abbreviations: +b: +basal plica, +c: +columellar lamella, +ip: +infraparietal lamella, +lpl: +lower palatal plica, +p: +parietal lamella, +pt: +palatal tubercle, +upl: +upper palatal plica. Photo: M. Caballer (B). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + +Boysidia pahpetensis + +( +Fig. 2A +) from +Laos +differs from the new species in having a conic shell, + + +four whorls, rounded aperture, small infraparietal lamella, and a concrescent point situated close to the peristome margin ( +Ancey, 1881 +; +Inkhavilay et al., 2019 +). In contrast, the new species possesses an elongate conical shape, five to six whorls, a sub-rectangular aperture, without infraparietal lamella, and a concrescent point situated deeper inside the aperture. + + + +Boysidia robusta +Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912 + +from +Vietnam +and + +Boysidia chiangmaiensis +Panha & Burch, 2002 + +from +Thailand +differ from the new species in having ovate conic and large shells (height +4–5 mm +) with basal plica. In addition, + +Boysidia robusta + +also has an ovate aperture, and with small infraparietal lamella and lower basal plica, while + +Boysidia chiangmaiensis + +has a rounded aperture ( +Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912 +; +Panha & Burch, 2002a +, +2005 +). In comparison, + +Boysidia houaphanica + +, +new species +, possesses an elongate conical, smaller shell (height +3.1–3.5 mm +), subrectangular aperture, and with basal plica. + + + +Fig. 3. + +Boysidia houaphanica + +, +new species +. A–C, holotype CUMZ 14420 from Samtay, Houaphanh, Laos; A, shell and enlarged apertures of different view angles. B, protoconch and C, inner wall of peristome around basal plica showing small nodules. D, paratype CUMZ 14421 from the type locality. Abbreviations: +b: +basal plica, +c: +columellar lamella, +lpl: +lower palatal plica, +p: +parietal lamella, +pt: +palatal tubercle, +upl: +upper palatal plica. + + + +For further comparison, + +Boysidia tholos +Panha & Burch, 2002b + +from +Thailand +can be distinguished from this new species by having a dome-shaped shell, five whorls, rounded aperture, and infrapalatal lamella. In contrast, + +Boysidia houaphanica + +, +new species +has an elongated conic shell, 5–6 whorls, subrectangular aperture, and without infrapalatal lamella ( +Panha & Burch, 2002b +, +2005 +). + + + + +Etymology. +The species name + +‘ +houaphanica + +’ is derived from the +type +locality, +Houaphanh Province +, where the +type +specimens were collected. + + + + +Distribution. +This species, + +Boysidia houaphanica + +, +new species +, is known only from the +type +locality in +Houaphanh Province +, +Laos +. The snails were found under leaf litter in limestone rock crevices. + + + + +Remarks. +This new species occurs sympatrically with + +Bensonella novemdentata + +. The occurrence of multiple hypselostomatid species in the same locality is not uncommon (e.g., +Inkhavilay et al., 2016 +; +Vermeulen et al., 2019 +; +Páll-Gergely & White, 2022 +; +Sutcharit et al., 2023 +; +Jirapatrasilp et al., 2024 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E41230CFFD2FF045C05AAB4FA7A.xml b/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E41230CFFD2FF045C05AAB4FA7A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..71227e4f226 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/9F/6A/8E/9F6A8E41230CFFD2FF045C05AAB4FA7A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ + + + +A new pulmonate microsnail species in the genus Boysidia, with remarks on Bensonella and Krobylos species (Pupilloidea: Hypselostomatidae) from northern Laos + + + +Author + +Inkhavilay, Khamla + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +72 + + +438 +449 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0032 +2345-7600 +14682797 +D7A0B570-07AC-47F5-9B56-88EBDB277EC0 + + + + + + + +Bensonella novemdentata +( +Saurin, 1953 +) + +new combination + + + + + + +( +Fig. 4 +) + + + + + + + +Boysidia novemdentata +Saurin, 1953: 115 + + +, 116, fig. 1, and pl. 4, fig. 4a–c. +Type +locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, +Laos +[probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, +Laos +]. + +Inkhavilay et al., 2019: 59 + +, fig. 26b. + + + + + +Material examined. + +Syntype +MNHN-IM-2000-33881 (1 shell; +Fig. 4A +) from Pah Hia. +CUMZ 14426 +(1 shell; +Fig. 4B +) from limestone outcrop at +Ban Lao +, +Samtay District +, +Houaphanh Province +, +Laos +( +20°00′52.4″N +, +104°40′57.0″E +), coll. +K. Inkhavilay +, A. Inthavong, and +C. Oulaiseng +, + +May 2022 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Shell elongate-conic, yellowish brown in colour. Cervical crest situated far from peristome. Aperture with eight teeth (i.e., parietal, infraparietal, angular, columellar, basal, and upper, inter and lower palatals), not hooked. + + + + +Description. +Shell conical, yellowish brown to reddish brown with 5¼ to 6 widely convex whorls. Apex rather blunt; protoconch about 1½ whorls with wrinkles, very weak spiral ridges. Teleoconch with strong, irregular growth lines and conspicuous; suture impressed and deep. Last whorl large, rounded. Peristome thickened, slightly expanded; constriction weak; lip reddish brown. Cervical crest rather sharp, situated close to peristome. Aperture subquadrate with many apertural dentitions. Parietal lamella (p) strongly developed, rectangular. Infraparietal lamella (ip) small and blunt. Angular lamella (a) slightly higher than parietal lamella, sinuous: outer part short, low, reaching peristome; inner part strongly elevated. Palatal tubercle (pt) strongly developed with triangular shape; one upper palatal plica (upl) with strong folding; one inter- (itpl) and one lower (lpl) palatal relatively large, nearly equal in size, strong plica. Basal plica (b) small, low, tubercle-like. Columellar lamella (c) large, strong, distinct horizontally. Umbilicus narrowly perforate, about one-fifth of shell width, rounded, deep. + + + + +Distribution. +This species was previously known only from the +type +locality ( +Saurin, 1953 +; +Inkhavilay et al., 2019 +) and is newly recorded from +Houaphanh Province +in northern +Laos +. The snails live on limestone karsts and can be found on the limestone wall together with + +Boysidia houaphanica + +, +new species +. + + + + +Remarks. +The recently collected specimens are from +Houaphanh Province +, which is about +200 km +east of the “type locality, which is stated to be ‘Pahai’”. However, the morphology of our specimens deviates slightly from that of the +syntype +( +Fig. 4A +) in having a more rounded whorl and deeper suture ( +Fig. 4B +). Otherwise, the number and arrangement of the apertural dentitions are practically identical with the +syntype +. + + +Among the morphologically similar species recorded from +Laos +, + +Bensonella novemdentata + +differs from + +Bensonella paviei +( +Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912 +) + +and + +Bensonella anguloobtusa + +( + +Inkhavilay & Panha, +2016 + +in +Inkhavilay et al., 2016 +) by having a prominent cervical crest and palatal plicae forming a short tubercle and situated near the aperture. In comparison, the latter two species have very weak to no cervical crest and palatal plicae extending far inside the aperture; + +Bensonella anguloobtusa + +further possesses a subcolumellar plica without lower parietal lamella. In addition, + +Bensonella novemdentata + +can be differentiated from + +Bensonella paralella +( +Inkhavilay & Panha, 2016 +) + +by having a subrectangular aperture and prominent interpalatal and cervical crest, while + +Bensonella paralella + +possesses an ovate-shaped aperture, and without interpalatal plica and cervical crest ( +Inkhavilay et al., 2016 +; +Páll-Gergely & White, 2022 +; +Tongkerd et al., 2024 +). + + + +Fig. 4. + +Bensonella novemdentata +( +Saurin, 1953 +) + +. A, syntype MNHN-IM-2000-33881 from Pah Hia. B, shell and enlarged apertures show different view angles of specimen CUMZ 14426 from Sam Tai, Houaphanh, Laos. Abbreviations: +a: +angular lamella, +b: +basal plica, +c: +columellar lamella, +ip: +infraparietal lamella, +itpl: +interpalatal plica, +lpl: +lower palatal plica, +p: +parietal lamella, +pt: +palatal tubercle, +upl: +upper palatal plica. Photo: M. Caballer (A). + + + +The two species, + +Bensonella wangviangensis +( +Panha & Tongkerd, 2003 +) + +and + +Bensonella gittenbergeri +( +Maassen, 2008 +) + +, previously known from +Laos +, clearly differ from this species in both shell shape and apertural dentition. For comparison, + +Bensonella wangviangensis + +has a small shell (height ≤ +2 mm +) with 4 whorls, without basal plica, the parietal wall at the posterior corner elevated, and an aperture elliptical with prominent posterior corner balloonshaped, formed by angular lamella and upper palatal plica. Meanwhile, + +Bensonella gittenbergeri + +has a large shell (height +4–6 mm +), ovate conic shape, inconspicuous palatal tubercle, and lower palatal long, reaching expanded lip ( +Panha et al., 2003 +; +Maassen, 2008 +; +Inkhavilay et al., 2016 +). + + +Regardless of their phylogenetic relationships, the traditional diagnostic characters set by their respective type species, + +Boysidia + +and + +Bensonella + +, share a peristome being adnate to the last whorl and lacking the free portion of the last whorl (tuba). In contrast, + +Boysidia + +has one parietal lamella (without angular lamella), while + +Bensonella + +has separate parietal and angular lamellae. Based on that criterion of generic classification, the species ‘ + +Boysidia novemdentata + +’ is placed under the + +Boysidia + +( +Saurin, 1953 +; +Inkhavilay et al., 2019 +; MolluscaBase, 2024). However, the +syntype +( +Fig. 4A +) has well-separated parietal and angular lamellae and peristome adnate to the preceding whorl; these are the unique characteristics of + +Bensonella + +( +Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900 +; +Pilsbry, 1917 +; +Schileyko, 1998 +; +Páll-Gergely & White, 2022 +). Therefore, we have transferred this species into a more appropriate genus, + +Bensonella + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF159FFC6FEFDF90BFBA6F7D9.xml b/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF159FFC6FEFDF90BFBA6F7D9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..75f22e704af --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF159FFC6FEFDF90BFBA6F7D9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ + + + +Two new species of vampire crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae: Geosesarma De Man, 1892) from Java, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Wowor, + + + +Author + +Daisy + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-11-27 + + +72 + + +469 +478 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0034 +2345-7600 +14682900 +10B1E24B-518C-4A85-A7C2-400C1D6D5EE7 + + + + + + + +Geosesarma nigripes + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1E–H +, +3 +, +4D–F +, +5J–R +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: male (12.3 × +11.3 mm +) ( +MZB +Cru 5720), Cikukun hamlet, +Adimulya village +, +Wanareja District +, Cilacap Regency, +Central Java +, +Indonesia +, coll. +Achmad Sofyan +, transferred from Achmad Rian Dietra, + +June 2022 + + +. + +Paratype +: +1 male +(12.7 × +11.9 mm +) ( +ZRC 2023.0321 +), same data as holotype + +; +1 male +(13.3 × +11.8 mm +), + +10 females +(10.8 × +9.9 mm +– 14.5 × +13.1 mm +), 12 ovigerous females (11.8 × 11.0 mm – 12.8 × +12.4 mm +) ( +MZB +Cru 5721) + +, + +2 females +(13.9 × +12.8 mm +, 12.7 × +11.8 mm +), 1 ovigerous female (11.8 × +11.3 mm +) ( +ZRC 2023.0562 +), same locality and collector as +holotype +, early + +July 2023 + + +; +34 males +(11.5 × +9.9 mm +– 13.8 × +12.6 mm +), + +2 females +(11.5 × +10.3 mm +– 13.3 × +11.4 mm +), 1 ovigerous female (12.5 × +11.1 mm +) ( +MZB +Cru 5732) + +, +20 males +(10.7 × 9.6 – 15.1 × +13.8 mm +), + +2 females +(12.3 × +11.1 mm +, 15.0 × +12.6 mm +) ( +ZRC 2023.0567 +), same locality and collector as +holotype +, + +28 November 2023 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace subsquarish, slightly trapezoidal with posterior part wider than anterior part, lateral margins gently diverging posteriorly ( +Fig. 3A, B +); dorsal surface with distinct regions, anterior regions with numerous small rounded granules ( +Fig. 3A, B +); front deflexed, frontal lobes very broad with almost truncate margins, separated by broad median concavity; postfrontal cristae sharp ( +Fig. 3A–C +); external orbital tooth triangular, directed obliquely outwards, tip extending beyond anterior part of lateral carapace margin, first epibranchial tooth triangular, low, visible, separated from margin by shallow notch, second epibranchial tooth small but visible ( +Fig. 3B +). Ischium of third maxilliped subtrapezoidal, merus ovate, wide; exopod relatively slender, with long flagellum that extends beyond merus width ( +Fig. 5J +). Outer surface of palm of adult male chelae with low granules and rugae; inner surface finely granulated but without distinct transverse comb-like ridge; dorsal margin of dactylus with 5 or 6 evenly spaced tubercles, each with chitinous tip ( +Fig. 3D–F +). Ambulatory legs with relatively stouter meri (fourth leg length-to-width ratio ca. 3.0), with sharp subdistal spine on dorsal margin; ventral margins of propodus and dactylus of adult first ambulatory leg with scattered stiff setae ( +Fig. 3A, G +). Male pleon wide, triangular; especially somite 6 relatively wide; telson subtriangular with rounded tip, slightly shorter than broad (length-to-width ratio ca. 0.8); somite 6 with convex lateral margins ( +Figs. 4D +, +5K +). G1 relatively slender; subdistal part of outer margin of stem before chitinous distal part rounded, outer margin of junction between stem and chitinous distal part concave, long; chitinous distal part bent about 45º along longitudinal axis, elongate, tapering, distalmost part conical in lateral view, subspatuliform in mesial view ( +Fig. 5L–Q +). Vulva on anterior part of somite 6, with raised vulvar cover, directed mesially ( +Fig. 4F +). Preserved egg size 1.8 × +1.6 mm +– 1.6 × +1.5 mm +in diameter. + + +Notes on habitat. + +Geosesarma nigripes + +, +new species +, lives among wet bushes with stony substrates along streams in lowlands in +Central Java Province +at about +40 m +asl. + + +Colour. +Carapace pale cream to pale yellow, with posterolateral regions dark purple to almost black; frontal surfaces of cephalothorax dark brown to almost black; H-shaped grooves dark brown; eyes iridescent orange to yellow; chelipeds orange; ambulatory legs dark purple to almost black ( +Fig. 1E–H +). + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named after its black ambulatory legs; from the Latin “nigra” for black and “pes” for legs. The name is used as a noun. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF15DFFC2FC35FB4FFA47FABE.xml b/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF15DFFC2FC35FB4FFA47FABE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..050a493e951 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF15DFFC2FC35FB4FFA47FABE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ + + + +Two new species of vampire crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae: Geosesarma De Man, 1892) from Java, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Wowor, + + + +Author + +Daisy + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-11-27 + + +72 + + +469 +478 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0034 +2345-7600 +14682900 +10B1E24B-518C-4A85-A7C2-400C1D6D5EE7 + + + + + + +Genus + +Geosesarma +De Man, 1892 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Sesarma +( +Geosesarma +) +nodulifera +De Man, 1892 + +, subsequent designation by +Serène & Soh (1970) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF15DFFC6FC22FA2CFE11F959.xml b/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF15DFFC6FC22FA2CFE11F959.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..013c76df9c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C0/60/87/C06087FDF15DFFC6FC22FA2CFE11F959.xml @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ + + + +Two new species of vampire crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae: Geosesarma De Man, 1892) from Java, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Wowor, + + + +Author + +Daisy + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-11-27 + + +72 + + +469 +478 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0034 +2345-7600 +14682900 +10B1E24B-518C-4A85-A7C2-400C1D6D5EE7 + + + + + + + +Geosesarma riani + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1A–D +, +2 +, +4A–C +, +5A–I +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: male (12.8 × +11.8 mm +) ( +MZB +Cru 5717), Pulo Majeti hamlet, +Purwaharja village +, +Purwaharja District +, Kota Banjar, ca. +2.6 km +northeast of +Banjar Patroman +(Pataruman), +West Java +, +Indonesia +, coll. +Achmad Sofyan +, transferred from Achmad Rian Dietra, + +June 2022 + + +. + +Paratypes +: +4 males +(11.1 × +10.7 mm +, 10.9 × +10.5 mm +, 10.3 × +10.1 mm +, 9.4 × +8.7 mm +) ( +MZB +Cru 5718) + +, + +5 males +(11.7 × +11.5 mm +, 11.7 × +11.2 mm +, 11.5 × +10.7 mm +, 11.2 × +9.9 mm +, 11.1 × +10.4 mm +) ( +ZRC 2023.0320 +), same data as holotype + +; +1 male +(15.3 × +13.8 mm +), + +12 females +(11.5 × +10.6 mm +– 13.4 × +12.1 mm +), 14 ovigerous females (11.5 × +10.5 mm +– 12.6 × 12.0 mm) ( +MZB +Cru 5719) + +, + +2 females +(13.9 × 12.0 mm, 12.0 × +10.7 mm +), 1 ovigerous female (11.2 × +10.2 mm +) ( +ZRC 2023.0561 +), same locality as holotype, early + +July 2023 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace squarish, wider than long, lateral margins almost parallel ( +Fig. 2A, B +); dorsal surface with distinct regions, anterior regions with numerous small rounded granules ( +Fig. 2A, B +); front deflexed, frontal lobes very broad with almost truncate margins, separated by broad median concavity; postfrontal cristae sharp ( +Fig. 2A–C +); external orbital tooth acutely triangular, directed obliquely outwards, tip slightly extending beyond anterior part of lateral carapace margin, first epibranchial tooth triangular, low, visible, separated from margin by low, wide concavity, second epibranchial tooth small but visible ( +Fig. 2B +). Ischium of third maxilliped subtrapezoidal, merus ovate, wide; exopod relatively slender, with long flagellum that extends beyond merus width ( +Fig. 5A +). Outer surface of palm of adult male chelae granulate; inner surface distinctly granulated but without distinct transverse comb-like ridge; dorsal margin of dactylus with 5 or 6 evenly spaced tubercle, each with chitinous tip ( +Fig. 2D–F +). Ambulatory legs with relatively more slender meri (fourth leg length-to-width ratio ca. 3.2), with sharp subdistal spine on dorsal margin; ventral margins of propodus and dactylus of adult first ambulatory leg with scattered stiff setae ( +Fig. 2A, G +). Male pleon, wide, triangular; somite 6 wide; telson subtriangular with rounded tip, slightly shorter than broad (length-to-width ratio ca. 0.9); somite 6 with convex lateral margins ( +Figs. 4A +, +5B +). G1 relatively slender; subdistal part of outer margin of stem before chitinous distal part rounded, outer margin of junction between stem and chitinous distal part concave, short; chitinous distal part bent about 45º along longitudinal axis, elongate, tapering, distalmost part flared in lateral view, subspatuliform in mesial view ( +Fig. 5C–H +). Vulva on anterior part of somite 6, with raised vulvar cover, directed mesially ( +Fig. 4C +). Preserved egg size 1.6 × 1.3 – 1.5 × +1.5 mm +in diameter. + + + +Fig. 1. Live colouration of males. A–D, + +Geosesarma riani + +, +new species +; E–H, + +G. nigripes + +, +new species +. All specimens not preserved. Photographs: A, E, F, Achmad Rian Dietra; B, Oliver Mengedoht; C, D, G, H, Chris Lukhaup. + + + + +Fig. 2. + +Geosesarma riani + +, +new species +, holotype male (12.8 × 11.8 mm) (MZB Cru 5717), West Java. A, overall dorsal habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, outer view of right chela; E, dorsal view of right cheliped; F, submarginal view of dactylus of right chela; G, left fourth ambulatory leg. + + + + +Fig. 3. + +Geosesarma nigripes + +, +new species +, holotype male (12.3 × 11.3 mm) (MZB Cru 5720), Central Java. A, overall dorsal habitus; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, outer view of right chela; E, dorsal view of right cheliped; F, submarginal view of dactylus of right chela; G, left fourth ambulatory leg. + + + +Notes on habitat. +This species inhabits wet areas in a forest, ground which is covered with stones and rocks, at about +60 m +asl. + + +Colour. +Carapace grey to greyish-blue, with posterolateral regions dark brown, H-shaped grooves dark brown; frontal surfaces of cephalothorax orange to dull red; eyes iridescent yellow; chelipeds orange; ambulatory legs pale orange to orangish-red, with numerous small dark spots ( +Fig. 1A–D +). + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named after Achmad Rian Dietra or Rian, who has great interest in all ornamental Indonesian crustaceans especially + +Geosesarma +spp. + +, and has helped us obtain material for this study. + + + + \ No newline at end of file