From 4efe1cd8c0f746b56f25317c9f358743ba0f7159 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2024 14:54:30 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-09-30 14:48:25 --- .../87/1A02878DE823FFC2FF7921258A29FE3E.xml | 1601 +++++++++++++++++ .../87/1A02878DE836FFCAFF7922B28C09FC7E.xml | 893 +++++++++ .../87/366587B8FFF62F27FF7EFF08FA4B981D.xml | 621 +++++++ 3 files changed, 3115 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE823FFC2FF7921258A29FE3E.xml create mode 100644 data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE836FFCAFF7922B28C09FC7E.xml create mode 100644 data/36/65/87/366587B8FFF62F27FF7EFF08FA4B981D.xml diff --git a/data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE823FFC2FF7921258A29FE3E.xml b/data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE823FFC2FF7921258A29FE3E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c5a2d72f5ff --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE823FFC2FF7921258A29FE3E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1601 @@ + + + +Investigation of the distribution patterns in moinids (Crustacea: Cladocera: Moinidae) forming ephippia with two resting eggs + + + +Author + +Neretina, Anna N. +A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. + + + +Author + +Alonso, Miguel +FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Ecology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. + + + +Author + +Kotov, Alexey A. +A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-09-23 + + +5512 + + +4 + + +451 +490 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.4.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5512.4.1 +1175-5326 +13849048 +F5ED84F2-3166-4B85-B3F7-22EBDD84F726 + + + + + + + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1–10 +, +16A–B +, +22A–B +) + + + + + + + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 +: p. 299 + + +, plate XVIII, figs 3–4; + +Methuen 1911 +: p. 253 + +–254, plate I, fig. 1; + +Daday 1912 +: p. 92 + +–93, pl. + +V, figs. 1–7; +Goulden 1968 +: p. 69–72, figs. 32a–b (from +Gurney 1904 +), figs. 33a–c, 34a–d; +Smirnov 1976 +: p. 205–206, figs. 185–186 (from +Goulden 1968 +); + +Dumont +et al. +1981 + +: p. 169–172, fig. 4; + +Day +et al. +1999 + +: p. 102, figs. 4.8.m–o; Elías-Gutiérrez +et al. +2019: p. 247.fig. 7c. + + + +Moina belli +var. +salina + +.— +Daday, 1912 +: p. 93–94, pl. V, figs. 8–13. + + + +Moina lateralis +Brehm, 1958 +: p. 78 + +–83, figs. 1–6. + + + +Moina macrocopa +.— + +Sars 1916 +: p. 320, pl. 35: 1, 1a, 1b. + + + +Moina tonsurata +Brehm, 1935 +: p. 148 + +–150, figs. 3–6. + + + +Moina +sp., cfr. +wierzejskii. + +— +Harding 1957 +: p. 66–67, figs. 7–9. + + +? + +Moina belli + +.— +Stephanides 1936 +: p. 692–694, figs. 2a–c; +Stephanides 1937 +: p. 163–164, figs. 1 a–d. + + +? + +Moina turkomanica +Keiser, 1931 +: p. 366 + +–370, figs. 14–21; +Jenkin 1934 +: p. 160, fig. 13c. + + + + +Etymology. +This species was named in honor of Prof. Jeffrey Bell, the person who entrusted R. Gurney with the work with the South African crustacean collection. + + + + + +Type +locality. + +“A water well in the Kroonstad savanna, O. +R +.C.” ( +Gurney 1904 +), +Free State +, now +Republic of South Africa +. “This water-hole was a collection of surface-water, quite dry in ordinary weather but field up thundershowers” ( +Gurney 1904 +). + + +Type material. +Lectotype +and +paralectotypes +were selected by L. Forró and stored in the collection of Natural History Museum (London, +United Kingdom +), with the accession numbers NHM 1904.9.21.19, NHM 1904.9.21.20– 21 ( +Forró 1988 +). + + +Other material examined. The + + +Republic of South Africa +: + +15 parthenogenetic females, 10 ephippial females and +10 males +from an ephemeral pool ( +S 30.26542° +, +E 23.61208° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +29.05.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, AAK M-4401; + + +5 parthenogenetic females from an ephemeral pool ( +S 30.55053° +, +E 23.72699° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +29.05.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4402; + + +3 parthenogenetic females from an ephemeral pool, laboratory culture ( +S 30.2551° +, +E 21.8624° +), +Northern Cape +, in 2018 by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4403; + + +3 parthenogenetic females from an ephemeral pool, laboratory culture ( +S 30.53493° +, +E 24.58605° +), +Northern Cape +, in 2018 by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4404; + + +20 parthenogenetic females from +Farm Dam +( +S 30.12799° +, +E 20.45987° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +25.02.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4405; + + +many parthenogenetic females from an ephemeral pool ( +S 30.0498° +, +E 20.40308° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +24.02.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4406; + + +many parthenogenetic females from an ephemeral pool ( +S 30.3724° +, +E 20.39652° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +24.02.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4410; + + +many parthenogenetic females from a drying up river (or a stream) ( +S 30.34992° +, +E 20.39797° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +24.02.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4414; + + +many parthenogenetic females, 20 ephippial females, +30 males +from a drying up river (or a stream) ( +S 30.20848° +, +E 20.59237° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +25.02.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4415; + + +1 parthenogenetic female from an ephemeral pool, laboratory culture ( +S 28.24293° +, +E 24.58605° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. 2018 by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4417; + + +many parthenogenetic females from a drying up river (or stream) ( +S 30.06785° +, +E 20.62342° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +18.02.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4420; + + +many parthenogenetic females from an ephemeral pool, laboratory culture ( +S 28.8252° +, +E 23.66193° +), +Northern Cape +, in 2018 by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4423; + + +30 parthenogenetic females, 20 ephippial females and +20 males +from an ephemeral pool ( +S 29.8841° +, +E 24.06172° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. in 2018 by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4427; + + +40 parthenogenetic females from +Farm Dam +( +S 30.1397° +, +E 20.93304° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +25.02.2018 + +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4430; + + +many parthenogenetic females, many males, many ephippial females from an ephemeral pool ( +S 26.7582° +, +E 20.17353° +), +Northern Cape +, coll. + +15.03.2018 + +by +B. Milne +, +AAK +M-4432; + + +many parthenogenetic females, many ephippial females, many males from +Illovo Beach Rainpool +( +S 30.1075° +, +E 30.84945° +), +Durban +, +KwaZulu-Natal +, coll. + +22.10.1994 + +by +K. Martens +, +Hamer +& +Coke +, NNS 2002-096; + + +over 40 parthenogenetic females, 20 ephippial females, +20 males +from +Kangela Farm +( +S 28.3670° +, +E 32.1933° +), +Mtubatuba +, +KwaZulu-Natal +, coll. + +25.10.1994 + +by +K. Martens +, +Hamer +& +Coke +, NNS 2002-102; + + +20 parthenogenetic females, 10 ephippial females, +10 males +from +Mseleni River Pool +( +S 27.3633° +, +E 32.52639° +), +KwaZulu-Natal +, coll. + +27.10.1994 + +by +K. Martens +, +Hamer +& +Coke +, NNS 2002-103; + + +over 40 parthenogenetic females, 20 ephippial females, +20 males +from the pool 1 +Rd Graaff Reinet-Murraysburg +( +S 32.2142° +, +E 24.49694° +), +Karoo +, +Eastern Cape +, coll. + +06.04.1993 + +by +K. Martens +, NNS 2002-144; + + +many parthenogenetic females, many ephippial females, many males from the pan 1 +Rd Middelburg-Hofmeyer R32 +, ( +S 31.6917° +, +E 25.49306° +), +Karoo +, +Eastern Cape +, coll. + +07.04.1993 + +by +K. Martens +, NNS 2002-148; + + +over 50 parthenogenetic females, 30 ephippial females, +20 males +from the Golf Course Pool 1, Grahamstown ( +S 33.2917° +, +E 26.50556° +), +Grahamstown +, +Eastern Cape +, coll. + +24.11.1989 + +by +K. Martens +, +deMoor +& +Barber +, NNS 2002-175; + + +many parthenogenetic females, many ephippial females, many males from Pool 2 next to Salem Road ( +S 33.3919° +, +E 26.47917° +), Thomas Baines +N. +R., +Eastern Cape +, coll. + +27.11.1989 + +by +K. Martens +, +deMoor +& +Barber +, +NNS 2002-177 +; + + +many parthenogenetic females, many ephippial females, many males from the Cradock Rd Pool 2 (pigeon shooting) ( +S 33.2778° +, +E 26.48472° +) Grahamstown, +Eastern Cape +, coll. + +28.11.1989 + +by +K. Martens +, +deMoor +& +Barber +, NNS 2002-184 + +. + + +Lesotho +: + +over 15 parthenogenetic females, 10 ephippial females and +10 males +from the pool 2 on Thaba Tseka Rd, km 45.2 from T.O., Drakensberg ( +S 29.4586° +, +E 27.97944° +), coll. + +25.11.1993 + +by +K. Martens +& +Seaman +, NNS 2002-167 + +. + + +Ethiopia +: + +over 40 parthenogenetic females, 20 ephippial females and +20 males +from +Shenburit Dam +( +N 10.3777° +, +E 37.40244° +), +Amhara +, coll. + +22.03.2016 + +by +W. Zelalem +, ANN 2016-007; + + +more than 40 parthenogenetic females, 20 ephippial females and +20 males +from Gedeb Dam ( +N 10.39397° +, +E 37.40261° +), +Amhara +, coll. + +22.03.2016 + +by +W. Zelalem +, ANN 2016-012 + +. + + +Short diagnosis. +Species of large size for genus (length of adult parthenogenetic female up to +1.70 mm +; +Goulden 1968 +). Parthenogenetic female with body shape typical of the genus. Surface of head and valves with fine hairs. Head without rostrum and with dorsal head pore. Ocellus absent. On inner side of valve, setulae after ventralmost setae not grouped. Preanal margin of postabdomen covered by rows of relatively long hairs. Distalmost tooth on postabdomen bident. Base of postabdominal claw with pecten of denticles somewhat larger than following denticles. Antenna I relatively thick. Antenna II and thoracic limbs as for genus. Anterior stiff setae 1 and 2 of thoracic limb I armed by fine densely located short setules. Ephippium brownish, containing two resting eggs. Its dorsal part with microsculpture of transverse wrinkles. In lateral view, macrosculpture of ephippium central portion represented by polygonal mesh pattern. Male with elongated body, head and valves covered by fine hairs. Gonopore opening on dorsolateral position at some distance from base of postabdominal claw. Antenna I long, terminally with 6–7 thick bisegmented hooks of similar size. Male seta located closer to base of antennular body than to its end. Thoracic limb I with long exopodite. + + + + + +Redescription. Parthenogenetic female ( +Figs. 1–4 +, +7 +, +8A–E +, +10A–H +, +16A–B +). + +General +. Body brownish, ovoid in lateral view, shape typical of the genus (body height/length ratio about 0.65 for adults, varying significantly due to extension of brood chamber development), maximum height in middle ( +Figs. 1A–B +, +2A +, +7A +). Dorsal margin of valve elevated above head level ( +Figs. 1A–B +, +2A +). Posterodorsal angle of carapace expressed, usually acute. Posteroventral angle broadly rounded ( +Figs. 1A–B +, +2A, 2E +). Ventral margin of valve rounded, anterodorsal angle rounded ( +Figs. 1A–B +, +2A, 2E +, +7A +). Sculpture of valves ill-defined, very fine, represented by cells elongated in dorsoventral direction ( +Figs. 7D–E +, +16A +). Superficial hairs on head and valves surface ( +Figs. 1C +, +2K +, +10A +, +16A +). Body subovoid in dorsal and ventral view, and laterally compressed in anterior view ( +Figs. 2C +, +7A–B +). + + +Head +typical of genus, with shallow supra-ocular depression ( +Figs. 1A–C +, +2A–B +). Compound eye large, ocellus absent. Ovoid dorsal head pore on anterior side of depression in head posterior portion ( +Figs. 2A–B +). + + +Labrum +“ + +Ilyocryptus + +-like” (sensu +Hudec 2010 +), with fleshy main body, ventral margin concave, strongly setulated ( +Figs. 2B, D +, +7C +). Labral plate covered by long setulae. + + +Valve +large, ovoid ( +Figs. 1A–B +, +2A, E +, +7A +). Anterior portion of ventral margin with relatively long setae, covered by short setulae ( +Figs. 1D +, +2A, E, J +, +7D +, +10A +). Ventral margin and posteroventral valve portion with row of fine ungrouped denticles after posteriormost seta ( +Figs. 2H–I +, +16A–B +). Setulated curved hooks in dorsalmost portion of valve posterior margin ( +Figs. 2G +, +10B +). + + +Thorax +relatively long, +abdomen +short, their proportions typical for genus ( +Figs. 1A–B +, +2A +). + + + +FIGURE 1 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +, adult parthenogenetic female from “a water-hole on the veld at Kroonstad, O.R.C.”, the Republic of South Africa, Lectotype, selected by L. Forró. A–B, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. C, Head, lateral view. D, Antenna I and armature of valve. E, Posterior portion of the body. Scale bars 0.5 mm for A, 0.2 mm for B, 0.1 mm for C–E. Hairs on head and preanal portion of postabdomen are marked via arrows. + + + +Postabdomen +elongated, distal portion conically narrowing distally ( +Figs. 1E +, +2A +, +3A–B +, +7F–G +, +10C +). Postabdomen length/height ratio about 2.4. Ventral margin almost straight, with transverse rows of fine setulae. Preanal margin long, concave, preanal angle well-expressed. Preanal margin with transverse rows of long hairs ( +Figs. 1E +, +2A +, +3A–B +, +7J +). Anal margin covered by bunches of short setulae, two times shorter than preanal margin. Basis of claws not inflated ( +Figs. 2A +, +3A–C +, +7F–I +, +10C +). On lateral face, postanal portion with large bidentate tooth (its branches unequal in length), postanal and anal portion with a row of 6–9 large, triangular plumose teeth. Postabdominal seta almost two times longer than postabdomen; its distal segment covered by long delicate setulae ( +Figs. 1A +, +2A +, +7A–B +). + + +Postabdominal claw +large, slightly curved, with pointed tip ( +Figs. 3A–E +, +7F–I +, +10C +), outer side with two pectens, base of postabdominal claw with pecten of larger teeth (but no so strong as in + +M. brachiata + +) ( +Figs. 3D +, +7G– H +, +10C +). Inner lateral side of postabdominal claw with row of small denticles gradually decreasing in size distally ( +Fig. 3E +). Ventral margin of claw with several denticles at its proximal portion ( +Figs. 3C–D +, +7H–I +). + + +Antenna I +rod-like, elongated (length approximately equal six diameters of antennular body base), slightly curved ( +Figs. 1C–D +, +2A–C +, +3F +, +10E +). Antennular body covered by numerous fine long hairs and transverse rows of minute denticles.Antennular sensory seta slender, arising almost at middle of antennular body. Nine short aesthetascs almost subequal in size. + + +Antenna II +large ( +Figs. 2A +, +3G–H +), typical of moinids; coxal part with two long sensory setae subequal in length. Basal segment robust, distally with short spine on outer surface between exopod and endopod, and with long seta on inner surface. Basal segment covered by numerous transverse rows of fine denticles and hairs. Antennal branches elongated. Exopod four-segmented, subequal in length to three-segmented endopod, all segments cylindrical, covered by transverse rows of denticles and hairs. Antennal formula: setae 0-0-1-3/1-1-3, spines 0-1-0-1/0-0-1. Lateral and apical swimming setae of both antennal branches covered by long, fine setulae. Spine on second exopod segment short, but comparable in length with both apical exopod and endopod spines. + + + +FIGURE 2 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +, adult parthenogenetic female from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Head, later view. C, Head, ventral view. D, Labrum. E, Valve. F, Setulated hooks on posterior most portions of valves. G, Armature of posterior margin of valve. H, Armature of posteroventral portion of valve. I, Armature of ventral portion of valve. J, Armature of anterior portion of valve. K, Hairs on dorsal side of head. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + +Mandible +subodoid, its distal masticatory surface with several marginal denticles and wrinkled-bumpy surface. + + +Maxilla I +with three long, densely setulated setae and short thick seta ( +Fig. 3I +). + + +Thoracic limbs +: five pairs. + + +Limb I +( +Fig. 4A +) with elongated setulated corm and ovoid epipodite. Inner distal lobe, or endite 5 (sensu Kotov 2013) with single anterior seta ( +Fig. 4A +: 1) covered by short setules, and two posterior soft setae (a–b). Structure and armature of all posterior soft setae similar on limb I, bisegmented and densely covered by long setules. Endite 4 with single anterior seta ( +Fig. 4A +: 2) and single posterior soft seta (c). Endite 3 without anterior setae and with two posterior setae (d–e). Endite 2 with three posterior soft setae (f–h). Two ejector hooks of similar size ( +Fig. 4 +: ejh). + + + +FIGURE 3 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +, adult parthenogenetic female from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A–B, Postabdomen. C, Distal portion of postabdomen. D–E, Postabdominal claw in outer and inner views. F, Antenna I. G–H, Antenna II. I, Maxilla I. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + +Limb II +with ovoid large epipodite ( +Fig. 4B +: epp) bearing short finger-like projection. Exopodite as elongated, densely setulated lobe bearing a single soft seta and small lateral seta of unknown homology ( +Fig. 4B +:?). Endites e5–e2 forming corm of limb II. Endite 5 with two posterior soft setae (a–b), endite 4 with single posterior soft seta (c), endite 3 also with single posterior soft seta (d). Endite 2 with short posterior soft seta (e). “Beating seta” (sensu + +Kotov +et al. +2005 + +) ( +Fig. 4B +:?) and small seta near its base separate from endite 2 via shallow incisionand also separated by incision from gnathobase corm. Gnathobase (endite 1) with two clear rows of setae: four anterior setae ( +Fig. 4C +: 1–4) and 15 posterior setae (a–o) forming gnathobase filter plate. Seta 1 (located near “beating seta”) long, unilaterally covered by long setules. Setae 2, 3 and 4 significantly shorter ( +Fig. 4D +), located at proximal corner of gnathobase. Proximalmost setae of filter plate longer than others ( +Fig. 4E +) + + +Limb III +with large ovoid epipodite ( +Fig. 4F +: epp). Exopodite almost rectangular, bearing four long distal and two lateral setae significantly unequal in length. Inner distal portion of limb with three endites: endite 5 with single posterior ( +Fig. 4G +: 1) and single anterior (a) setae; endite 4 with two posterior setae (b–c) and with single anterior seta (2), endite 3 with single anterior (3) and four posterior setae (d–g). All other parts of limb inner margin as single large lobe (gnathobase), bearing numerous setae. Single long anterior seta (4) at distal corner. + + +Limb IV +with ovoid densely setulated preepipodite ( +Fig. 4H +: pep) and large ovoid epipodite. Exopodite, similarly to that of limb III, with four long distal and two lateral setae significantly unequal in length. Inner distal portion of this limb with two endites: distal endite with anterior seta ( +Fig. 3I +: 1?) and posterior seta (a), and next endite with anterior seta (2?) and two posterior setae (b–c). Most parts of limb inner portion represented by gnathobase filter plate, consisting of numerous setae. + + + +FIGURE 4 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +, adult parthenogenetic female from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A, Limb I. B, Limb II. C–E, Gnathobase of limb II and its setae. F, Limb III. G, Innerdistal portion of limb III. H, Limb IV. I, Innerdistal portion of limb IV. J, Limb V. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 5 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A–D, Ephippial female. E–J, Adult male. A, Ephippial female, general view. B, Ephippium. C–D, Anterior and central portions of ephippium. E, Adult male, general view. F, Labrum. G, Setulated hooks on posterior most portions of valves. H, Armature of posteroventral portion of valve. I–J, Postabdomen. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 6 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +, adult male from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A–C, Limb I and its portions. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + +Limb V +with large ovoid epipodite ( +Fig. 4J +: epp). Large ovoid exopodite provided with large distal and small apical seta. Inner limb portion as flat densely setulated ovoid lobe and two unequal setae (1–2) of uncertain homology. + + + +Ephippial female +. + +Characters of ephippial female similar to those of parthenogenetic female except dorsal portion of valves modified into a dark brown ephippium, containing two resting eggs ( +Fig. 5A, B +). Dorsal part of valves with reinforced, wrinkled, chitinous dorsal plate; microsculpture of plate represented by transverse wrinkles. In lateral view, macrosculpture of ephippium central portion represented by polygonal meshes ( +Fig. 5C +). Ornamentation of anterior portion of ephippium represented by rectangular cells ( +Fig. 5D +), almost not protruding above ephippium surface. + + +Male. +In lateral view, body ovoid ( +Fig. 5E +), slightly elongated as compared to female (body height/length about 0.55). Dorsal margin of valve slightly elevated above head, posteroventral angle distinct. + + +Head +more elongated than in female, also covered by fine hairs. Labrum ( +Fig. 5F +) similar to that of female. Dorsal head pore present. Compound eye large, ocellus absent ( +Fig. 5A +). + + +Valve +ovoid, more elongated than in female; anterior surface also covered by fine hairs. Setulated curved hooks ( +Fig. 5G +) located in dorsalmost portion of posterior margin of valve. Armature of ventral margin of valve as in female ( +Fig. 5H +). + + +Thorax +relatively long, abdomen short. + + +Postabdomen +( +Fig. 5I +) generally as in female, with preanal margin covered by transverse rows of long hairs. Gonopore opening on dorsolateral position at some distance from base of postabdominal claw ( +Fig. 5J +). + + +Antenna I +significantly longer than in female, curved, covered by tiny hairs and transverse rows of minute denticles ( +Fig. 5K +). Antennular sensory seta long, arising from proximal quarter of antennular body. Male seta more robust, located at some distance from sensory seta. Apical tip of antennular body separated into two parts: first partwith nine short aesthetascs, second partwith 6–7 thick bisegmented hooks of similar size ( +Fig. 5L +). + + +Limb I +generally as in female, but with large, curved copulatory hook and long exopodite ( +Fig. 6A–B +). Proximal portion of exopodite covered by long setulae ( +Fig. 6C +), distal portions with small triangular denticles. + + +Size. +Adult parthenogenetic females to +1.16 mm +(to +1.70 mm +according to +Goulden (1968)) +; ephippial females to +1.10 mm +; adult males to +1.04 mm +. + + +Variability. +No significant variability was found between all investigated individuals ( +Figs.7–10 +). Minor variability was found in the armature of dorsal side of postabdominal claw in some individuals from +Ethiopia +: denticles in the central portion of their claw were significantly thicker than those in the proximal pecten ( +Fig. 7H +). + + +Taxonomic remarks. +Gurney (1904) +did not describe males of + +M. belli + +, they were found later by +Methuen (1911) +. In his material, +Gurney (1904) +observed only parthenogenetic females and a sole ephippial female (short notes on the ephippium structure, i.e. its reticulated surface and presence of +two eggs +, were included in the text). However, +Gurney (1904 +: figs. 3, 4) illustrated only a general view of a parthenogenetic female and its postabdomen, respectively. Although some important diagnostic features (fine long hairs on the head and preanal margin of postabdomen) were illustrated in the figures, there were no data on a structure of appendages, particularly, of the thoracic limbs. Also, +Gurney (1904) +wrote that + +M. belli + +“very much resembles + +Moina wierzejskii +Richard + +, and perhaps should be regarded as only variety of that species. It is mainly distinguishable by the ciliation of the head and the first antennae, and by the structure of postabdomen”. For that time, similarity of + +M. belli + +with + +M. wierzejskii +Richard, 1895 + +based on morphology of parthenogenetic and ephippial females was evident ( +Richard 1895 +; +Gurney 1904 +). After revisions of +Goulden (1968) +and +Smirnov (1976) +, however, it was widely accepted that the male of + +M. wierzejskii + +has a peculiar morphology with a unique feature for large-bodied moinids containing +two eggs +in the ephippium. +Goulden (1968) +reported that the thoracic limb I in males of + +M. wierzejskii + +lacks the exopodite ( +Goulden 1968 +: p. 46, fig. 19c), while thoracic limb I in males of + +M. belli + +bears a long exopodite. In contrast to + +M. belli + +, + +M. wierzejskii + +has no head pore, and sculpture of its ephippium is represented by strongly protruding cells with wavy edges (A.N. Neretina, personal observation). Therefore, + +M. wierzejskii + +is apparently a separate species, not a variety of + +M. belli + +, as it was proposed by +Gurney (1904) +. + + +The presence of the dorsal head pore, hairs on the head and the perianal region of the post-abdomen are shared by the + +M. belli + +species group and the + +M. macrocopa + +species group.Although these two species groups may be easily distinguished based on the armature of seta 2 on the thoracic limb I, a reliable diagnostics only via presence of the hairs on head and post-abdomen is impossible. For example, +Sars (1916) +reported + +M. macrocopa + +hatched from the mud collected from Port Elizabeth and Green Point Common in +South Africa +. Не did not investigate the armature of seta 2 on thoracic limb I. Then +Smirnov (2008) +included + +M. macrocopa + +in the check-list of South African cladocerans (referring to +Sars 1916 +). There is, however, a high probability that Sars dealt with + +M. belli + +instead of + +M. macrocopa + +. We carefully investigated all available, and quite numerous, samples with moinids from +South Africa +. There are no individuals that we could place to + +M. macrocopa + +. +Goulden (1968) +synonymized + +M. macrocopa + +from +Sars (1916) +with + +M. belli +( +Goulden 1968: 69 +) + +as well. + + +At the same time, to date we have no ideas on the taxonomic status of + +M. turkomanica +Keiser, 1931 + +. This taxon was described by +Keiser (1931) +from the Karakum Desert and afterwards +Goulden (1968) +and +Smirnov (1976) +provisionally (with a question mark) considered this species as a junior synonym of + +M. belli +. + +A similar point of view was held by +Harding (1957) +, +Forró (1988) +and + +Kotov +et al. +(2013) + +. Unfortunately, for this revision we had populations of + +M. belli + +from Africa only. Populations from other arid regions (such as Arabian Peninsula and some countries of Central Asia) were not available. In fact, + +M. turkomanica + +may represent a junior synonym of + +M. belli + +due to its geographical range. We also cannot exclude that + +M. turkomanica + +may represent a separate taxon, because, according to the description and figure of +Keiser (1931 +: fig. 18), + +M. turkomanica + +has +two eggs +in the ephippium, and it seems that its male has no long exopodite on the thoracic limb I. The same combination of diagnostic features ( +two eggs +in the ephippium and male limb I without long exopodite) was already described for + +M. wierzejskii + +and + +M. hutchinsoni + +in the New World ( +Goulden 1968 +; +Smirnov 1976 +; + +Martínez-Jerónimo +et al. +2004 + +; A.N. Neretina, personal observation). Unfortunately, no original material on + +M. turkomanica + +is available ( +Forró 1988 +). Therefore, the precise taxonomic status of the populations from the Karakum desert should be clarified in the future. The record of + +M. turkomanica + +from +Kenya +( +Jenkin 1934 +) seems to be very dubious, because Jenkin investigated only a single specimen and illustrated only its antenna I. Most probably, she dealt with + +M. belli + +. + + +Here, we consider + +Moina tonsurata +Brehm, 1935 + +from Africa as a junior synonym of + +M. belli + +, following Goulden (1969), +Smirnov (1976) +and + +Kotov +et al. +(2013) + +. +Brehm (1935 +: fig. 3) illustrated a parthenogenetic female with hairs on head and, probably, with a dorsal head pore. He illustrated only four hooks on the male antenna I ( +Brehm 1935 +: fig. 6), but there is a high probability that he overlooked other, smaller, hooks or even dealt with another species of + +Moina + +, because sometimes different moinid species live in the same pool and produce males and ephippial females simultaneously ( +Goulden 1966 +). The same problem concerns the description of male by +Stephanides (1936) +. Author pictured a male seta and a sensory setae almost at the middle of antenna I body ( +Stephanides 1936 +: fig. 2c). Such position is typical of species from the + +M. macrocopa + +species group, instead of + +M. belli + +species group. At the same time, in the next article +Stephanides (1937) +investigated morphology of the ephippium presumably belonging to the same species. Although he provided only sketch line drawings, the ephippium in them seems tuberous, rather than meshy. This feature is also typical ofsome populations from + +M. macrocopa + +species group (see below). Unfortunately, Stephanides did not investigate morphology of the stiff anterior setae on limb I at all. Therefore, presence of + +M. belli + +in the water bodies of Corfu remains questionable. +Goulden (1968 +: p. 72) came to the same conclusion. + + + + +FIGURE 7 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +, parthenogenetic female from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Adult parthenogenetic female, ventral view. C, Labrum. D, Anterior portion of valve. E, Hairs on outer surface of valve. F, Postabdomen. G, Distal portion of postabdomen. H, Postabdominal claws in outer and inner views. I, Postabdominal claws in ventral view. J, Hairs on dorsal portion of postabdomen. K–M, Antenna I. N, Antenna II. Scale bars 1 mm for A–B, 0.2 mm for F, N, 0.1 mm for C–D, L–M, 0.05 mm for G–K, 0.02 mm for E, O. + + + + +FIGURE 8 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A–E,Adult parthenogenetic female. F–I, Ephippial female. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Its branches of antenna II. C–E, Details of limbs structure. F, Ephippium, lateral view. G, Ephippium, dorsal view. H–I, Ornamentation of central portion of ephippium. Scale bars 0.5 mm for A, 0.2 mm for B–C, F–G, 0.1 mm for D, 0.05 mm for E, I, 0.02 mm for H. + + + + +Distribution and ecology. +Due to our scarce knowledge on the moinids of Central Asia, we may preliminarily conclude, that the distributional range of + +M. belli + +is restricted by Afrotropical zone only. We consider, as reliable, the records from +South Africa +( +Gurney 1904 +; +Methuen 1911 +; +Daday 1912 +; +Sars 1916 +; +Harding 1957 +; + +Day +et al. +1999 + +; present data), including records from the Kalahari Desert ( +Goulden 1968 +) and +Namibia +( +Curtis 1991 +), Central Africa ( +Republic of the Congo +( +Goulden 1968 +)), West Africa ( +Mali +; + +Dumont +et al. +1981 + +), North Africa ( +Algeria +( +Brehm 1958 +); +Tunisia +(Turki & Turki 2010)), South East Africa ( +Kenya +; +Brehm 1935 +) and +Ethiopia +( +Smirnov 1976 +; our data)). Probably, we can also consider as reliable the record from +Aden +( +Yemen +) by +Goulden (1968) +. We do not take into consideration records from Corfu ( +Stephanides 1936 +, +1937 +), +Turkmenistan +(the Karakum Desert— +Keiser 1931 +), and +India +( + +Chatterjee +et al. +2013 + +) owing to aforementioned taxonomic uncertainties related to these records. + + + +FIGURE 9 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +, adult male from Shenburit Dam, Ethiopia. A, Ventral portion of valve. B, Setulated hook on posterior most portion of valve. C–D, Postabdomen. E, Hairs on dorsal portion of postabdomen. F, Antenna I. G–I, Distal portion of antenna I. J, Branches of antenna II. K, Limb I. L–M, Details of limb I structures. N, Setules of endite 5 on limb III. Scale bars 0.1 mm for C, F, K, 0.05 mm for D, J, L, 0.02 mm for A–B, E, H, M–N, 0.01 mm for G, 0.005 mm for I. + + + + +FIGURE 10 +. + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +from Pool 2 on Thaba Tseka Road, km 45.2 from T.O., Drakensberg, Lesotho. A–H, Adult parthenogenetic female. I–J, Ephippial female. A, Ventral portion of valve. B, Setulated hook on posterior most portion of valve. C, Distal portion of postabdomen. D, Hairs on dorsal portion of postabdomen. E, Antenna I. F–H, Details of limbs structure. I, Ephippium, lateral view. J, Anterior portion of ephippium. Scale bars 0.2 mm for I, 0.1 mm for E–F, 0.05 mm for A, C–D, G–H, J, 0.02 mm for B. + + + +Listed reliable records allow us to concludethat + +M. belli + +is a widespread species in Africa. Moreover, in some temporary water bodies, this species reaches a huge biomass. + +Moina belli + +inhabits temporary pools, pans, roadside ditches, ponds, reservoirs with muddy waters, and even soda rift lakes ( + +Rumes +et al. +2011 + +; +Mengistou 2016 +). Some authors consider + +M. belli + +as halophilic (e.g., +Green 1993 +; + +Rumes +et al. +2011 + +), but it seems, that this species is adapted to a wide range of salinities ( + +McCulloch +et al. +2008 + +; A.N. Neretina, personal observations). + + +Records from the Oriental region, mainly from +India +(e.g., +Fernando & Kanduru 1984 +), remain dubious due to lack of detailed descriptions and figures, and must be reexamined in the future. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE836FFCAFF7922B28C09FC7E.xml b/data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE836FFCAFF7922B28C09FC7E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7dee62da11e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1A/02/87/1A02878DE836FFCAFF7922B28C09FC7E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,893 @@ + + + +Investigation of the distribution patterns in moinids (Crustacea: Cladocera: Moinidae) forming ephippia with two resting eggs + + + +Author + +Neretina, Anna N. +A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. + + + +Author + +Alonso, Miguel +FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Ecology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. + + + +Author + +Kotov, Alexey A. +A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-09-23 + + +5512 + + +4 + + +451 +490 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.4.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5512.4.1 +1175-5326 +13849048 +F5ED84F2-3166-4B85-B3F7-22EBDD84F726 + + + + + + + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 11–15 +, +16C–D +, +22C +) + + + + + + +Moina +cf. +belli + +.— + + +Brtek +et al. +1984 + +: p. 98 + +, figs. 42–48. + + + + + + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 +: p. 203 + + +–207, figs. 1–12. + + + + + +Etymology. +This species was named in the honor of Dr Zoltán Kaszab, who collected the material of this species in +Mongolia +. + + + + + + +Type +locality. + +“Čojbalsan aimak, Fluss Kerulen bei Čojbalsan, + +700 m + +, + +16 August 1965 + +.—Vom stehenden Salzwasser neben der Brücke mit Wassernetz gefangen” ( +Forró 1988 +), +Dornod Aimag +, +Mongolia + +. + + + + +Type +material. + +The whole type series is stored at the +Hungarian Natural History Museum +( +Budapest +, +Hungary +) ( +Forró 1988 +) + +. + + +Other material examined. + + +Mongolia +: + +40 parthenogenetic females, 20 ephippial females, +20 males +from +Buur +nuur, +Sukhbaatar +( +N 45.40467° +, +E 112.99678° +), coll. + +31.08.2006 + +by +M. Alonso +, AAK 2017-016; + + +from +Delgereh +sumiin toirom 2, +Dorngovi +( +N 45.65025° +, +E 110.92867° +), coll. + +30.08.2006 + +by +M. Alonso +, MA 1069DOG; + + +from +Buur +nuur, +Sukhbaatar +( +N 45.40467° +, +E 112.99678° +), coll. + +31.08.2006 + +by +M. Alonso +, MA 570 +SU + +. + + + + +Russia +: + +2 parthenogenetic females from the pool +2 in +the vicinities of Novo-Il’inskoe village ( +N 52.48021° +, +E 116.7808° +), +Zabaikalsky Territory +, coll. in +August +of 2018 by +A.A. Kotov +, +D.P. Karabanov +, +A.A. Zharov +& +M.A. Gololobova +, AAK M30-024b; + + +5 parthenogenetic females from the roadside pool ( +N 50.00466° +, +E 115.7153° +), the +Daursky Nature Reserve +, +Zabaikalsky Territory +, coll. + +11.08.2018 + +by +D.P. Karabanov +, +A.A. Zharov +& +A.A. Kotov +, AAK M-4690; + + +10 parthenogenetic females, 5 ephippial females, +5 males +from acow drinking pool (the remainder of +Zun Torey Lake +) ( +N 50.06133° +, +E 115.6647° +), the +Daursky Nature Reserve +, +Zabaikalsky Territory +, coll. + +11.08.2018 + +by +D.P. Karabanov +, +A.A. Zharov +& +A.A. Kotov +, AAK M-4691; + + +1 parthenogenetic females from a pool with + +Juncus +sp. + +( +N 50.02935° +, +E 116.8831° +), +Semiozerye +, +Zabaikalsky Territory +, coll. + +16.08.2018 + +by +D.P. Karabanov +, +A.A. Zharov +& +A.A. Kotov +, AAK M-4721; + + +5 parthenogenetic females from the roadside pool ( +N 50.03054° +, +E 116.8851° +), +Semiozerye +, +Zabaikalsky Territory +, coll. + +16.08.2018 + +by +D.P. Karabanov +, +A.A. Zharov +& +A.A. Kotov +, AAK M-4722 + +. + + +Short diagnosis. +Adults of a large size for genus (length of adult parthenogenetic female to +1.35 mm +). Parthenogenetic female with body shape typical of genus. Surface of head and valves with fine setae. Head relatively large, without rostrum, with dorsal head pore. Ocellus absent. Inner side of valve with setulae after ventralmost setae prominently grouped. Preanal margin of postabdomen covered by rows of relatively long hairs. Distalmost tooth on postabdomen bident. Base of postabdominal claw with first pecten containing denticles somewhat larger than following denticles. Antenna I relatively thick. Antenna II and thoracic limbs as for genus. Anterior stiff setae 1 and 2 of thoracic limb I armed by fine densely located short setules. Ephippium brownish, containing two resting eggs. Its dorsal part with microsculpture represented by transverse wrinkles. In lateral view, macrosculpture of ephippium central portion as polygonal meshes. Male with elongated body, head and valves covered by fine hairs. Gonopore opening on dorsolateral position at some distance from base of postabdominal claw. Antenna I long, terminally with 6–7 thick bisegmented hooks of similar size. Thoracic limb I with a long exopodite. + + + + +Redescription. Parthenogenetic female. +General +. Body brownish, ovoid in lateral view, shape typical of the genus (body height/length ratio is about 0.62 for adults, varying significantly due to extension of brood chamber development), maximum height in middle ( +Fig. 11A +). Dorsal margin of valve elevated above head level. Posterodorsal angle of carapace expressed, usually acute. Posteroventral angle broadly rounded. Ventral margin of valve rounded, anterodorsal angle rounded. Sculpture of valves fine, represented by cells elongated in dorsoventral direction. Superficial hairs on head and valves surface. In dorsal and ventral view, body subovoid, laterally compressed in anterior view. + + + +FIGURE 11 +. + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 + +, adult parthenogenetic female from Sukhbaatar, Mongolia. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Head, lateral view. C, Labrum. D, Valve. E, Setulated hooks on posterior most portions of valves. F, Armature of posterior margin of valve. G, Armature of posteroventral portion of valve. H, Armature of ventral portion of valve. I–K, Postabdomen. L–M, Postabdominal claw in outer and inner views. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 12 +. + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 + +, adult parthenogenetic female from Sukhbaatar, Mongolia.A, Antenna I. B–C, Antenna II. D, Limb I. E, Limb II. F–G, Gnathobase of limb II and its setae. H, Limb III. I, Innerdistal portion of limb III. J, Limb IV. K, Innerdistal portion of limb IV. L, Limb V. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 13 +. + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 + +from Sukhbaatar, Mongolia. A–F, Ephippial female. G–S, Adult male. A, Ephippial female, general view. B, Ephippium, lateral view. C–D, Ephippium dorsal plate. E–F, Ornamentation of central portion of ephippium. G, Adult male, general view. H, Labrum. I, Valve. J, Setulated hooks on posterior most portions of valves. K, Armature of posteroventral portion of valve. L, Armature of ventral portion of valve. M–N, Postabdomen. O, Antenna I. P, Distal portion of antenna I. Q–S, Limb I and its portions. Scale bars 0.1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 14 +. + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 + +, adult parthenogenetic female from Sukhbaatar, Mongolia. A, Dorsal head pore. B, Valve. C, Setulated hook on posterior most portion of valves. D, Armature of ventral portion of valve. E, Armature of posteroventral portion of valve. F–G, Postabdomen and its distal portion. H, Preanal portion of postabdomen. I, Postabdominal claw, outer view. J, Limb I. Scale bars 0.1 mm for F, 0.05 mm for B, G–H, J, 0.02 mm for A, C–E, I. + + + + +FIGURE 15 +. + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 + +from Sukhbaatar, Mongolia. A–E, Ephippial female. F–G, Adult male. A, Antenna II. B, Ephippium, lateral view. C–D, Ornamentation of ephippium. E, Ephippium dorsal plate. F–G, Male postabdomen and its distal portion. Scale bars 0.2 mm for B, 0.1 mm for A, C–D, F, 0.02 mm for E, G. + + + + +FIGURE 16 +. Comparison of armature of posteroventral portion of valve in + +Moina belli +Gurney, 1904 + +from Pool 2 on Thaba Tseka Road, km 45.2 from T.O., Drakensberg, Lesotho (A–B) and + +Moina kaszabi +Forró, 1988 + +from Sukhbaatar, Mongolia (C–D). A, C, Posteroventral portion of valves, outer view. B, D, Posteroventral portion of valves, inner view. Scale bars 0.05 mm for –D, 0.02 mm for A, 0.01 mm for B. + + + +Head +typical of genus, relatively large, with shallow supra-ocular depression ( +Fig. 11B +). Compound eye large, ocellus absent. Ovoid dorsal head pore on anterior side of depression between head and brood chamber. + + +Labrum +“ + +Ilyocryptus + +-like” (sensu +Hudec 2010 +) ( +Fig. 11C +), similar to that of + +M. belli + +. + + +Valve +large, ovoid. Anterior portion of ventral margin with relatively long setae, covered by short setulae ( +Fig. 11D, G, H +). Inner side of valve, setulae after ventralmost setae prominently grouped; distalmost setula in each group longer and thicker than setulae located more proximally to setulated setae ( +Fig. 11G +). Posteroventral portion of valve with setulae subequal in size and thickness ( +Fig. 11F +). Setulated curved hooks in the dorsalmost portion of valve posterior margin ( +Fig. 11E +). + + +Thorax +relatively long, +abdomen +short, proportions typical for genus. + + +Postabdomen +elongated, with conically narrowing distal portion ( +Fig. 11I–K +), proportions and armature similar to that of + +M. belli +. + +Preanal margin with transverse rows of long hairs. Anal margin covered by bunches of short setulae. Basis of claws not inflated. On lateral face, postanal margin with large bidentate tooth (branches always unequal in length) and row of 7–9 large, triangular plumose teeth. Postabdominal seta almost two times longer than postabdomen; its distal segment covered by long delicate setulae. + + +Postabdominal claw +large, slightly curved, with pointed tip ( +Fig. 11L–M +), proportions and armature as in + +M. belli +. + + + +Antenna I +rod-like, elongated (its length approximately six diameters of antennular body base), slightly curved ( +Figs. 11B +, +12A +), as in + +M. belli +. + + + +Antenna II +large ( +Fig. 12B–C +), as in + +M. belli + +. Antennal formula: setae 0-0-1-3/1-1-3, spines 0-1-0-1/0-0-1. Lateral and apical swimming setae of both antennal branches covered by long, fine setulae. Spine on second exopod segment short but comparable in length with both apical exopod and endopod spines. + + +Mandible +and +maxilla I +not studied. + + +Thoracic limbs +: five pairs ( +Fig. 12D–L +), proportions and armature as in + +M. belli +. + + + + +Ephippial female +. + +Characters of ephippial female similar to those of parthenogenetic female except dorsal portion of valves modified into a dark brown ephippium, containing two resting eggs ( +Fig. 13A +). Dorsal part of valves with wrinkled, chitinous reinforced, dorsal plate ( +Fig. 13B +); microsculpture of plate represented by transverse wrinkles ( +Fig. 13C, D +). In lateral view, macrosculpture of ephippium central portion represented by polygonal meshes ( +Fig. 13E +). Surface of some cells in central portion wrinkled ( +Fig. 13F +). Ornamentation of anterior portion of ephippium represented by rectangular cells, not protruding above ephippium surface. + + +Male. +In lateral view ( +Fig. 13G +), body ovoid, slightly elongated as compared to female (body height/length about 0.50). Dorsal margin of valve slightly elevated above head, posteroventral angle distinct. + + +Head +more elongated than in female, also covered by fine hairs. +Labrum +similar to that of female ( +Fig. 13H +). Dorsal head pore present. Compound eye large, ocellus absent ( +Fig. 13G +). + + +Valve +ovoid, more elongated than in female; anterior surface also covered by fine hairs. Armature of ventral margin ( +Fig. 13I, K–L +) of valve as in female. Setulated curved hooks ( +Fig. 13J +) located in dorsalmost portion of posterior margin of valve. + + +Thorax +relatively long, +abdomen +short. + + +Postabdomen +generally as in female, with preanal margin covered by transverse rows of long hairs ( +Fig. 13M– N +). Gonopore opening on dorsolateral position at some distance from base of postabdominal claw. + + +Antenna I +significantly longer than in female, curved, covered by tiny hairs and transverse rows of minute denticles ( +Fig. 13O +). Antennular sensory seta long, arising from proximal quarter of antennular body. Male seta more robust, located at some distance from sensory seta. Apical tip of antennular body separated into two parts: first part with nine short aesthetascs, second part with 6–7 thick bisegmented hooks of similar size ( +Fig. 13P +). + + +Limb I +( +Fig. 13Q +) generally as in female, but with large, curved copulatory hook ( +Fig. 13R +) and long exopodite. Proximal portion of exopodite covered by long setulae, distal portions with small denticles ( +Fig. 13S +). + + +Size. +Adult parthenogenetic females to +1.35 mm +; ephippial females to 1.00 mm; adult males to +0.95 mm +. + + +Variability. +No significant variability was found between all investigated individuals ( +Figs. 14–16 +). + + +Taxonomic remarks. +In the paper of + +Kotov +et al. +(2013) + +, the name of + +M. kaszabi + +was misspelt as + +Moina kazsabi +Forró, 1988 + +. + + +We cannot exclude that + +M. kaszabi + +is a junior synonym of + +M. turkomanica + +due to “a relatively small” geographical distance between the Karakum Desert and +Mongolia +and similarities of the environmental conditions at the respective +type +localities of the two taxa. Populations from the Karakum Desert should be re-examined in the future. Unfortunately, original Keiser’s materials are lost (see above). + + + +Moina gouldeni +Mirabdullaev, 1993 + +from +Kazakhstan +and +Uzbekistan +according to description of +Mirabdullaev (1993) +could belong to + +M. belli + +species due to its large size (length of parthenogenetic female to +1.47 mm +), bristled seta 2 of limb I, +two eggs +in the ephippium and long exopodite in male limb I. Armature of ventral margin and posteroventral portion of valve in this taxon is represented by a row of fine ungrouped denticles after the posteriormost seta ( +Mirabdullaev 1993 +).This character shares + +M. gouldeni + +with + +M. belli + +s.str. +, rather than with + +M. kazsabi + +. But then Mirabdullaev +et al. +(2009) considered this taxon as a junior synonym of + +M. lipini +Smirnov, 1976 + +, although the first description of the latter included only a very superficial morphological analysis, + +Bekker +et al. +(2016) + +revealed (based on genetic methods) that there is only a sole + +M. lipini + +clade in Central and Southern portions of European +Russia +(i.e. at the border of +Kazakhstan +). Unfortunately, no information about dorsal dorsal head pore was represented by + +Mirabdullaev +et al. +(1993 + +, 2009). Note that according to these authors, specimens identified at first as + +M. gouldeni + +and then as + +M. lipini + +have no hairs on their heads and valves. This character shares + +M. gouldeni + +and + +M. lipini + +with + +M. ephemeralis +Hudec, 1997 + +. Therefore, + +M. ephemeralis + +may also be a junior synonym of + +M. lipini + +. The same idea was already proposed by + +Bekker +et al. +(2016) + +. Interestingly, Hudec (1997) said nothing about a head pore in + +M. ephemeralis + +. The presence of short hairs on preanal margin of postabdomen again shares + +M. ephemeralis + +with + +M. lipini + +and + +M. gouldeni + +. + + +Apparently, it is a very dubious step to separate a special subgenus + +Exomoina +Hudec, 2010 + +for + +M. ephemeralis + +and + +M. macrocopa + +. Although these two species have +two eggs +in the ephippium and long exopodite in male limb I, they significantly differ from each other by several small-scale, but important, morphological features. Moreover, we have to date a more promising set of morphological traits in the large-size tropical and subtropical moinids as compared to that used by +Hudec (2010) +: presence of +two eggs +in the ephippium, different length of hairs on dorsal side of postabdomen, lack of head pore and presence/or absence of long exopodite on male limb I ( +Goulden 1968 +; +Smirnov 1976 +; + +Martínez-Jerónimo +et al. +2004 + +; +Neretina & Kirdyasheva 2019 +). The genetic distance between the + +M. macrocopa + +-clades and + +M. lipini + +is also quite large, although they are grouped together ( + +Bekker +et al. +2016 + +). + + +No doubt, the fine morphology of moinids with +two eggs +in the ephippium from Central Asia should be re-examined in the future in order to clarify their taxonomic status. However, to date it is evident that diversity of moinids in the arid regions of Palearctic is underestimated and separation of the subgenus + +Exomoina + +based only on European species is premature. + + + + +Distribution and ecology. +Several populations of + +M. kaszabi + +are known from +Mongolia +( + +Brtek +et al. +1984 + +; +Forró 1988 +; our study) and from steppes of Asian +Russia +at the border with +Mongolia +(our study), but they are not recorded in the Great Lake Depression ( + +Alonso +et al +. 2019b + +) and large saline lakes of +Mongolia +( +Alonso 2010 +). Any + +belli + +-like populations are unknown also from +China +( + +Xiang +et al +. 2015 + +; + +Ni +et al. +2019 + +) and +Japan +( + +Makino +et al. +2020 + +). Ecologically, + +M. kaszabi + +is similar to + +M. belli + +and also inhabits temporary water bodies with muddy, sometimes highly eutrophic, waters. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/36/65/87/366587B8FFF62F27FF7EFF08FA4B981D.xml b/data/36/65/87/366587B8FFF62F27FF7EFF08FA4B981D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4b69569695f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/36/65/87/366587B8FFF62F27FF7EFF08FA4B981D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,621 @@ + + + +A new species of planthopper in the genus Platocerella (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from palms in Costa Rica, a key to the genus and an updated molecular phylogeny of available New World Otiocerinae + + + +Author + +Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A. +Universidad de Costa Rica-Sede San Ramón, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, de la Iglesia el Tremedal 400 mts al Oeste carretera hacia San Pedro, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. + + + +Author + +Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A. + + + +Author + +Bartlett, Charles R. +University of Delaware, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, 250 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 - 2160, USA. + + + +Author + +Helmick, Ericka E. +University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center; 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314 - 7719, USA. + + + +Author + +Bahder, Brian W. +University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center; 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314 - 7719, USA. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-09-19 + + +5512 + + +2 + + +222 +232 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.2.6 + +journal article +303911 +10.11646/zootaxa.5512.2.6 +555deaae-dbbc-4e3c-a694-64a0d237e4dd +1175-5326 +13848753 +395630B9-8B76-46F5-9EF2-79D148ED0D98 + + + + + + + +Platocerella sordida +Bahder & Bartlett + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figures 2–6 +) + + + + + + +Type +locality. + +Costa Rica +, +Heredia +, +La Selva Biological Station + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized planthopper, body pale with light brown wash, wings transparent with fuscous mottling. Basal quarter of forewing costal vein bearing conspicuous sensory pits (appearing serrate). Lateral margin of pygofer bearing large dorsolateral projection, medioventral process absent. Gonostyli strongly sinuate on inner margin, distal sinuation appearing “beak-like”, basal sinuation rounded. Aedeagus simple with complex flagellum bearing three large processes arising along dorsal margin and single, small process arising on right lateral side. + + + + +Description. +Color +. General body color ivory-white with extensive light brown wash, carinae and posterior margin of mesonotum pale; wings transparent, veins white, irregular fuscous mottling. + + + +FIGURE 2. +Adult male habitus of + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +; A) dorsal view and B) lateral view; scale bar = 1 mm. + + + +Structure. +Body length (including wings) males: +6.5 mm +( +n += 3) ( +Table 3 +). Head. In dorsal view, much narrower than pronotum. Vertex short ( +Fig. 3A +, about as long at midlength as wide at posterior margin), roughly elongately triangular; anterior margin rounded with distinct median inflection, posterior margin deeply concave ( +Fig. 3A +) lateral margins of vertex foliate (disc depressed) and sinuate, anteriorly converging, bearing sensory pits;; in lateral view, vertex rounded, raised slightly above head, fastigium rounded to frons, becoming linear near anterior to eye, curved at frontoclypeal suture ( +Fig. 3B +); in frontal view, lateral margins of frons contiguous from at dorsal margin to just above frontoclypeal suture, bearing row of sensory pits ( +Fig. 3C +). Eyes round, emarginate near antennae; ocelli absent. Antennae ( +Fig. 3 +) elongate, extending beyond margin of head; scape short, ringlike; pedicle subcylindrical (somewhat laterally compressed near midlength), antennal appendage absent, flagellum setaceous with bulbous base, arising apically. + + + +TABLE 3. +Biometric data for + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +(in mm) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Character +Male ( +n +=3) +
Body length with wings6.71
Body length without wings2.82
Forewing length5.92
Vertex length0.25
Vertex width—basal0.26
Vertex width—distal0.18
Pronotum length—midline0.02
Mesonotum length—midline0.80
Mesonotum width0.94
Frons length0.75
Frons width—dorsal0.10
Frons width—frontoclypeal0.22
Clypeus length0.63
+ + + +FIGURE 3. +Adult male of + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +; A) dorsal view of head, pronotum and mesonotum, B) lateral view of head, pronotum and mesonotum and C) frontal view of head; scale bar = 1 mm. + + + +Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view very narrow medially (wider laterally), anterior margin strongly convex, posterior margin deeply concave, lateral margins flared anteriorly, irregularly sinuate ( +Fig. 3A +); in lateral view, medially inclined anteriorly ( +Fig. 3B +); paradiscal region widest near tegula, narrowing ventrad to rounded apex near level of antennae. Mesonotum tricarinate (dorsal view, +Fig. 3A +), median carina nearly obsolete, lateral carinae arising on lateral margins, sinuate and converging posteriorly to nearly meet posterior margin; in lateral view ( +Fig. 3B +), moderately arched. + + +Forewing spatulate, bearing row of large, spinose tubercles on basal ¼ of costal vein; composite vein Sc+R+M extending in proximal quarter of remigium, then Sc+RA branched from RP+MP; RP branching from MP near wing midpoint (at level of SC fork from RA); inclavus Pcu fusing with A +1 in +distal quarter, with composite vein reaching CuP before wing margin (clavus open); branches of CuA anastomosing to form closed C5 (procubital) cell; branching pattern RA 2-branched, RP 3-branched, MP-branched, CuA 2-branched. + + + +FIGURE 4. +Forewing venation of + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +; black text = vein and italic text = crossvein. + + + + +FIGURE 5. +Adult male genitalia of + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +; A) left lateral view, B) ventral view, and C) dorsal view. + + + +Terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view narrow, widest subdorsally, narrowing ventrally, somewhat expanded at ventral margin; anterior margin concave, posterior margin diagonally linear except expanded slightly at ventral margin and strong subtriangular projection at laterodorsal margin ( +Fig. 5A +). Gonostyli in lateral view elongated (exceeding anal tube) and spatulate, widest distally, constricted proximally, angled upward near midlength (bearing ventral knob at angle); apices rounded; dorsal margin concave, proximal bearing two processes, a dorsal setose lobe and more distal stout curved spine ( +Fig. 5A +); in ventral view, outer margins smoothly arched, inner margins strongly sinuate, narrowest basally, expanding into large bilobed flange,, proximal lobe rounded, distal lobe appearing beak-like; apex acutely rounded ( +Fig. 5B +). Aedegus simple, shaft upcurved, terete, devoid of ornamentation; endosome large and retrorse, bearing four processes; first process (E1) arising apically at midpoint on dorsal surface, angled (from dorsal view, +Fig. 6C +) to right lateral side, lobed basally, distally more sclerotized, gently curved mesad; second process (E2) a short spine arising at midpoint of left side (dorsal view) just ventral to E1; third process (E3) a small spine arising on right lateral side (dorsal view) just before base of E2; forth process (E4) arising from base of endosoma, forming large lobe, dorsally curved spine at apex. Anal segment in lateral view ( +Fig. 5A +) narrow, of moderate length, not exceeding gonostyli, dorsal and ventral margins strongly sinuate, distally arched ventrad, apex acute; in dorsal view ( +Fig. 5C +), anal tube broad, laterally rounded, apex emarginate; paraproct short and conical. + + + +FIGURE 6. +Aedeagus of + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +; A) right lateral view, B) left lateral view, C) dorsal view, and D) ventral view. + + + +Plant associations. + +Asterogyne martiana +(H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Hemsl. + +( +Arecaceae +). + + + + +Distribution. +Heredia Province +, +Costa Rica +. + + + + +Etymology. +The specific name comes from the modern Latin word “ +sordidus +” (dirty, filty), with the feminine termination +-a, +a reference to the dirty appearance of the species from the brown wash over the body and fuscous mottling of the wings. + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male “ +Costa Rica +, +Heredia +Pr. / +La Selva Biological Station +/ + +12.V.2018 + +, sweeping palms / +Coll. +: +B.W.Bahder +// Holotype / + +Platocerella sordida + +♂ +/” ( +FLREC +) + +; + +Paratypes +same as holotype ( +2 males +, +FLREC +) + +. + + +Sequence Data. +For + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +, a 569 bp product was generated for the COI gene, a 1,096 bp product was generated for the 18S gene and an 802 bp product was generated for the 28S gene. All GenBank accession numbers for taxa included in the molecular analyses are presented in +Table 2 +. While sequence data was not available for + +P. rubicunda + +for comparison, + +Platocerella sordada + + +sp. nov. + +resolved outside of all currently available otiocerine genera for all loci with varying degrees of support. For the 18S locus, there was moderate bootstrap support (68) for placement of + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +adjacent to + +Shellenius + +and + +Patara + +( +Fig. 7A +) whereas + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +resolved adjacent to + +Sikaiana harti + +and + +Mula resonans + +with strong bootstrap support (96) based on the 28S locus ( +Fig. 7B +). Weak bootstrap support (70 and less) was seen at all nodes for the COI gene ( +Fig. 7C +). The consensus tree showed strong bootstrap support (90) for placement of + +Platocerella sordida + + +sp. nov. + +outside, but adjacent to, the clade formed by + +Anotia +Kirby + +, + +Sayiana +Ball + +, + +Cobacella +Fennah + +, + +Mula +Ball + +and + +Sikaiana +Distant + +( +Fig. 7D +). + + + + +FIGURE 7. +Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees based on 1000 replicates; A) 18S rRNA, B) D9-D10 expansion region of 28S rRNA, C) 5’ region of COI, and D) consensus tree for concatenated sequence data for all three loci; scale bar = percent nucleotide difference. + + + + +Remarks. +The novel taxon appears to fit the genus + +Platocerella + +overall. Some possible discrepancies between the new species and +Fennah’s (1952) +description of + +Platocerella + +are that + +P. rubicunda + +appears to have more cylindrical antennae, possesses a medioventral lobe of the pygofer and + +P. rubicunda + +is described as fuscous with a red suffusion. It may also be meaningful that + +P. rubicunda + +is from northern South America instead of Mesoamerica. However, other features seem aligned between the two genea including the shape of the head, the lack of antennal appendage, and the male terminalia (viz. Fennah 1953, fig. 35), including the shape of the pygofer, gonostyli, aedeagus and anal tube, all appear similar between the two species and appear to support placement in the genus + +Platocerella + +rather erect a new genus. If molecular data from the +type +species could be obtained, this would provide a good test for the placement of the new species. An observation on iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/214428017) appears to show a female specimen of + +P. rubicunda + +from +French Guiana +. While the head and antennae appear similar in form to + +P. sordida + + +sp. nov. + +, the wings are substantially narrower in the specimen on iNaturalist. While it is possible the novel taxon could be placed in a new genus, the similarities in terminalia to the description and similarities to the head and antennae of the specimen online (assuming the specimen on iNaturalist is + +P. rubicunda + +) and the lack of molecular comparisons, the genus + +Platocerella + +seemed the most appropriate genus for placement at this time. + + +The general habitus of + +P. sordida + + +sp. nov. + +does appear more similar to the + +Anotia + +/ + +Sayiana + +/ + +Cobacella + +/ + +Mula + +/ + +Sikaiana + +group than it does to + +Shellenius + +or + +Patara + +so the phylogenies in general reflect this. However, while testing tribal features is beyond the scope of this study, the current status of +Otiocerini +appears polyphyletic and needs significant revision. + + + + + + +Key to species of + +Platocerella + +(males) + + + + + + + + +1. Body fuscous with red suffusion, fuscous forewings, medioventral process of pygofer present; British +Guyana +.. + +P. rubicunda + + + + + +- Paler species with light brown wash, mottled wings; medioventral process of pygofer abset; +Costa Rica +.. + +P. sordida + + +sp. nov. + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file