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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.57276" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70a4d405-2d18-4da1-a031-3df6691590d4" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-79-145" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DC00CC9966905AF58B974D3CADF47913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255411" ID-ZooBank="613B1ED34100401BB632E9B4AFE71AC0" ModsDocID="1314-2607-79-145" checkinTime="1604097840499" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., Niu, Ze-Qing, Orr, Michael C. &amp; Zhu, Chao-Dong" docDate="2020" docId="B3EE3F1ABECC5FE6B73116A8379E8F77" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 79: 145-162" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79" docPubDate="2020-10-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.57276" docTitle="Sphecodes nipponicus Yasumatsu &amp; Hirashima 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DC00CC9966905AF58B974D3CADF47913" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="DC00CC9966905AF58B974D3CADF47913" masterDocTitle="New and little-known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) from Southern and South-Western China" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1678754696634" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New and little-known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) from Southern and South-Western China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Astafurova, Yulia V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-7792</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-8226</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">proshchalikin@biosoil.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Niu, Ze-Qing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Orr, Michael C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-3008</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhu, Chao-Dong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-3178</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2020-10-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>79</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>145</mods:start>
<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.57276</mods:url>
</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.57276</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-79-145</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">613B1ED34100401BB632E9B4AFE71AC0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DC00CC9966905AF58B974D3CADF47913</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4255411</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168745886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3EE3F1ABECC5FE6B73116A8379E8F77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3EE3F1ABECC5FE6B73116A8379E8F77" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6Z9M5" ID-ENA="1299702" LSID="B3EE3F1A-BECC-5FE6-B731-16A8379E8F77" authority="Yasumatsu &amp; Hirashima, 1951" authorityName="Yasumatsu &amp; Hirashima" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes nipponicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicus">Sphecodes nipponicus Yasumatsu &amp; Hirashima, 1951</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yasumatsu &amp; Hirashima" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes nipponicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicus">Sphecodes nipponicus</taxonomicName>
Yasumatsu &amp; Hirashima, 1951: 122-124, ♂ (holotype: ♂, Ishidozawa, Provinz Shinano, Honshu, Japan, 16.IX.1934, S. Miyamoto leg., ELKU).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes iwatensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iwatensis">Sphecodes iwatensis</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1983: 25, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Takinoue, Iwate Pref., Honshu, Japan, MNHAH). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Mitai, K" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="21 - 78" refId="B18" refString="Mitai, K, Tadauchi, O, 2013. Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Esakia 53: 21 - 78" title="Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)." volume="53" year="2013">Mitai and Tadauchi 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 52.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes kisukei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kisukei">Sphecodes kisukei</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1983: 24, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Koike, Fukui Pref., Honshu, Japan, MNHAH). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Mitai, K" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="21 - 78" refId="B18" refString="Mitai, K, Tadauchi, O, 2013. Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Esakia 53: 21 - 78" title="Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)." volume="53" year="2013">Mitai and Tadauchi 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 52.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes itidyo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itidyo">Sphecodes itidyo</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1983: 23, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Taniyama, Fukui Pref., Honshu, Japan, MNHAH). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Mitai, K" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="21 - 78" refId="B18" refString="Mitai, K, Tadauchi, O, 2013. Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Esakia 53: 21 - 78" title="Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)." volume="53" year="2013">Mitai and Tadauchi 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 52.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes rikuchu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rikuchu">Sphecodes rikuchu</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1983: 25, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Takinoue, foot of Mt. Hachimantai, Iwate Pref., Honshu, Japan, MNHAH). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Mitai, K" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="21 - 78" refId="B18" refString="Mitai, K, Tadauchi, O, 2013. Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Esakia 53: 21 - 78" title="Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)." volume="53" year="2013">Mitai and Tadauchi 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Yunnan</emphasis>
: Weixi Xian, Pantiange (
<geoCoordinate degrees="39.9109" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="39.9109">39.9109N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="116.4133" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="116.4133">116.4133E</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1981-07-27">27.VII.1981</date>
, (
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
), leg. Su-Bai Liao [IZCAS].
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Sichuan</emphasis>
: Chengdu (
<geoCoordinate degrees="31.9109" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="31.9109">31.9109N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="116.4133" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="116.4133">116.4133E</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1964-05-29">29.V.1964</date>
, (
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
), leg. Yan-Ru Wu [IZCAS].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="published records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Published records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">-</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
Unlike the typical Japanese form with an entirely black metasoma (
<bibRefCitation author="Mitai, K" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="21 - 78" refId="B18" refString="Mitai, K, Tadauchi, O, 2013. Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Esakia 53: 21 - 78" title="Taxonomic study of the Japanese species of the genus Sphecodes (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)." volume="53" year="2013">Mitai and Tadauchi 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 54, fig. 23), the studied male specimens from Sichuan have T1-T3 partially red-brownish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Remark.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
The species is closest to the Palaearctic
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes scabricollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabricollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Sphecodes scabricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wesmael, 1835, but female differs by denser and distinctly punctate T1 (versus shallow sparse punctures) and the male differs by shorter antennae with F2 1.5 times as long as wide (versus 1.7), and a dark, usually entirely black metasoma (versus red T1-T3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">*China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa-Honto).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3420a51c-c5b1-4dfc-89a0-94d594b87a45" ID-PMC="PMC3713333" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-316-35" ID-PubMed="23878513" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-316-35" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 316" ModsDocTitle="Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)" checkinTime="1451247145005" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sikes, Derek S. &amp; Stockbridge, Jill" docDate="2013" docId="B3EE72CDCE7C2C7786F36232F7DFD4CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 316: 35-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 316" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400" docTitle="Caurinus tlagu Sikes &amp; Stockbridge, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="067F0823FF8CD741FFFAFFA5FFBAD017" masterDocTitle="Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668156125429" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sikes, Derek S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stockbridge, Jill</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>316</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>35</mods:start>
<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-316-35</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152046043" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFFF780A-737D-4187-8539-32270D80D4C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3EE72CDCE7C2C7786F36232F7DFD4CF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFFF780A-737D-4187-8539-32270D80D4C5" authority="Sikes &amp; Stockbridge" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu Sikes &amp; Stockbridge</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="42">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Male (in UAM), here designated, labeled &quot;USA: Alaska, Prince of Wales Is. Hatchery Ck.4, 30 May-14 June 2010,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="55.88433">55.88433°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-132.89734">132.89734°W</geoCoordinate>
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
26m, 82m elev., thinned secondary growth with 18 ft. spacing between trees, pitfall 3, J. Stockbridge, C. Bickford&quot;, / &quot;HOLOTYPE
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
Sikes &amp; Stockbridge 2013 UAM:Ento:142986&quot; [red paper]. http://dx.doi.org/10.7299/X7GH9J4M
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">36 Specimens (Table 1). The following 17 paratypes will be deposited in the collections indicated: male UAM:Ento:159146, female UAM:Ento:142985, female UAM:Ento:235025 (CAS); male UAM:Ento:229945, female UAM:Ento:235024, female UAM:Ento:229942 (OSAC); male UAM:Ento:235026, female UAM:Ento:203239, female UAM:Ento:203011 (PMJ); male UAM:Ento:167053, female UAM:Ento:229944, female UAM:Ento:235023 (SEMC); male UAM:Ento:217990, female UAM:Ento:221708, female UAM:Ento:159120 (USNM); male UAM:Ento:229943, female UAM:Ento:230091 (MTEC), and the 19 remaining in UAM.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Type Locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
USA: Alaska, Prince of Wales Is. Hatchery Ck,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="55.88433">55.88433°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-132.89734">132.89734°W</geoCoordinate>
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
26m, 82m elev. (Fig. 1, 2A).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="measurements">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Restricted to specimens with retracted genitalia (3 males, 10 females), length, min. - max., mean
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
SD: male 1.58-2.02, 1.74
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.24 mm, female 1.64 - 2.00, 1.79
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.13 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Circumference of eye of males comprises 31-35 (n=3) ommatidia (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
males have 38-39, n=3). Scanning electron microscope-level resolution is required to obtain reliable counts (Fig. 4). Female 8th sterna without a median notch (n=10), or with a shallow median notch (n=5) (Fig. 5A, C, 6C, D).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
females have a shallow median notch or a pronounced median notch (Fig. 5B, see also
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Russell [1979b]</bibRefCitation>
fig. 10). This is visible at 40
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
and higher magnification.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Figure 4. Eye of A male
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:230088) showing 38 ommatidia around circumference of right eye, dorsal is to the left, and B male
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:202344) showing 35 ommatidia around circumference of left eye, dorsal is to the right. Scale bar = 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Figure 5. A ventral view of female
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:203239) showing 8th sternum with shallow median emargination / notch, scale bar = 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
B ventral view of abdomen of female
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:228458) showing 8th sternum with a pronounced notch, scale bar = 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
C ventral view of abdomen of female
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:203011) showing 8th sternum with shallow emargination / notch, scale bar = 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Figure 6. Female
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:159119) that had been cleared in KOH. A lateral view (broken abdomen), scale bar = 2 mm B face, scale bar = 0.5 mm C dorsal view, scale bar = 2 mm D ventral view, scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Body length 1.5-2.3 mm, flea-like in lateral view, color reddish brown, sparsely pubescent, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 6). Rostrum absent or reduced. Clypeolabral suture present. Clypeus divided into post and anteclypeus. Penultimate maxillary palpomere enlarged and club shaped. Antennal insertion lateral, widely separated. Ocelli absent. Antennae with sixteen antennomeres and a single countersunk sensilla on antennomeres 4, 5, and 6 (Fig. 7). Mandible with two subapical teeth (Fig. 6B). Male forewings extend to end of first abdominal segment, with six bristles (Fig. 8A), hindwings absent. Female forewings pad-like, hindwings absent. Tarsi five segmented, tarsal claws present. Pilosity absent. Abdomen widest at segments 4 and 5, segments 2-6 fused, annular. Male 8th tergum and sternum not fused. Male 9th tergum and sternum not fused. Genitalia normally concealed in both sexes. Male gonostyles flattened, deeply incised (Fig. 8B).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Figure 7. Base of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caurinus</taxonomicName>
antenna showing sensilla on antenomeres 4, 5, and 6. A female
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:230088), B female
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:203237); sen = sensilla, scale bars = 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Figure 8. SEM images of male
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
(UAM:Ento:204239), scale bars = 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
A dorsal view showing wings B evertedgenitalia showing paired gonostyles, oblique lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="43" start="start">Variation</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">One male (UAM:Ento:231726) has 7 bristles on its right wing, as a result of a very small extra basal bristle, and six on its left.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Geographic Distribution and Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">This species is only known from the northern half of Prince of Wales Island within a region about 45 km in size (Fig. 1). It was collected in forest habitat of various stages: old growth, secondary growth (thinned and unthinned), and young clear cuts; in addition to two specimens caught in alpine heath habitat and one in an ecotone of clearcut / secondary forest. The species is not restricted to lowland forests, nor to old growth forests.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
&quot;Tlagu, &quot; pronounced
<normalizedToken originalValue="“tlu-gu,”">&quot;tlu-gu,&quot;</normalizedToken>
is derived from the Alaska Native tribal language Tlingit meaning &quot;ancient, forever&quot; (
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Crippen 2013</bibRefCitation>
) or &quot;old, from the past&quot; (
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Edwards 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Bierhorst (1985)</bibRefCitation>
provided this elaboration: &quot;Among the Tlingit, for example, there are two kinds of stories, tlagu (of the long ago) and
<normalizedToken originalValue="ch’kalnik">ch'kalnik</normalizedToken>
(it really happened).&quot; We name this species in honor of the place it occurs, its people, and history, in addition to the apparent great age of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus" order="Mecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caurinus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>