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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.884.39500" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ed220e44-044a-4811-8a6d-94fe2f1c2da1" ID-PMC="PMC6834753" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-884-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="36D2C73F74AF5C7FAB04D20B9E470A62" ID-PubMed="31723325" ID-ZooBank="B0710519697244EE90C1314B3A03EEAA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-884-43" checkinTime="1572509050598" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rachana, Remani R., Mound, Laurence A. &amp; Rayar, Shashikant G." docDate="2019" docId="B3DD1FEEDB025495862F18DBA31CF8D1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 884: 43-52" docOrigin="ZooKeys 884" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.884.39500" docTitle="Astrothrips Karny 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="36D2C73F74AF5C7FAB04D20B9E470A62" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="36D2C73F74AF5C7FAB04D20B9E470A62" masterDocTitle="Tryphactothripini of India (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae), with identification keys and a new record of Opimothrips" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668167992461" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Tryphactothripini of India (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae), with identification keys and a new record of Opimothrips</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rachana, Remani R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rayar, Shashikant G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>884</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
<mods:end>52</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.884.39500</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.884.39500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-884-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B0710519697244EE90C1314B3A03EEAA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">36D2C73F74AF5C7FAB04D20B9E470A62</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159932915" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3DD1FEEDB025495862F18DBA31CF8D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3DD1FEEDB025495862F18DBA31CF8D1" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="B3DD1FEE-DB02-5495-862F-18DBA31CF8D1" authority="Karny, 1921" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Astrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Astrothrips Karny, 1921</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Astrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Astrothrips</taxonomicName>
Karny, 1921: 239. Type species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heliothrips globiceps" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globiceps">Heliothrips globiceps</taxonomicName>
Karny, 1913.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
This genus was based originally on a single species that had been described from a single female collected in New Guinea, but four generic synonyms are listed in
<bibRefCitation author="Stannard, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="http://thrips.info/wiki/Main_Page" refId="B21" refString="2019. .http://thrips.info/wiki/Main_Page" url="http://thrips.info/wiki/Main_Page" year="2019">ThripsWiki (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
It is an Old World genus that is restricted to tropical countries, with two species from Africa and 10 distributed between Pakistan and New Guinea (
<bibRefCitation author="Stannard, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="http://thrips.info/wiki/Main_Page" refId="B21" refString="2019. .http://thrips.info/wiki/Main_Page" url="http://thrips.info/wiki/Main_Page" year="2019">ThripsWiki 2019</bibRefCitation>
). These are leaf-feeding thrips, with the occasional adult found in flowers, and although adults have been taken from a wide variety of plants, suggesting the possibility of polyphagy, larvae remain unknown for most of the described species. The many published host-plant associations (Table
<tableCitation captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9359C96146220EB82A7E9041AFA17097" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="9359C96146220EB82A7E9041AFA17097">1</tableCitation>
) involve more than 30 plant families, with little indication of any specificity. These records are based on the collection of one or more adults from any given plant, and thus may involve a flying adult simply resting on a plant surface without feeding. Possibly these records are more of a measure of the dispersive behavior of adults, rather than an indication of the plants on which they might breed. Moreover, most of the species are known from few specimens. This combination of small sample size and lack of biological information leads to a lack of confidence in the relatively trivial structural differences that have been used to distinguish some of the species. The species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Astrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Astrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from India were reviewed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1967.10433858" author="Bhatti, JS" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="139 - 191" refId="B6" refString="Bhatti, JS, 1967. The Tryphactothrips complex in India, with a key to the world genera. Oriental Insects 1: 139 - 191" title="The Tryphactothrips complex in India, with a key to the world genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1967.10433858" volume="1" year="1967">Bhatti (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, with many clear illustrations in the form of line drawings, and
<bibRefCitation author="Ananthakrishnan, TN" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Handbook Series No. 1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B3" refString="Ananthakrishnan, TN, Sen, S, 1980. Taxonomy of Indian Thysanoptera. Zoological Survey of India, Handbook Series No.1" title="Taxonomy of Indian Thysanoptera." year="1980">Ananthakrishnan and Sen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
provided a further key to the species from India but without illustrations.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="9359C96146220EB82A7E9041AFA17097" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9359C96146220EB82A7E9041AFA17097" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Table 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Astrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Astrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distributions and host-associations of adults. Data from:
<bibRefCitation author="Akram, W" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B1" refString="Akram, W, 2000. Systematics of Thysanoptera of Pakistan. PhD Thesis, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad." title="Systematics of Thysanoptera of Pakistan. PhD Thesis, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad." year="2000">Akram (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1979.10433628" author="Kudo, I" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="345 - 355" refId="B10" refString="Kudo, I, 1979. Some panchaetothripine Thysanoptera from Southeast Asia. Oriental Insects 13: 345 - 355" title="Some panchaetothripine Thysanoptera from Southeast Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1979.10433628" volume="13" year="1979">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kudô">Kudo</normalizedToken>
(1979
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Kudo, I" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana New Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="81 - 103" refId="B11" refString="Kudo, I, 1995. Some Panchaetothripinae from Nepal, Malaysia and the Philippines (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia: Thripidae). Insecta Matsumurana New Series 52: 81 - 103" title="Some Panchaetothripinae from Nepal, Malaysia and the Philippines (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia: Thripidae)." volume="52" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
);
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/11009" author="Mirab-balou, M" journalOrPublisher="Check List: Journal of Species Lists and Distribution" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="720 - 744" refId="B12" refString="Mirab-balou, M, Tong, XL, Feng, JN, Chen, XX, 2011. Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) of China. Check List: Journal of Species Lists and Distribution 7: 720 - 744" title="Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) of China." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/11009" volume="7" year="2011">Mirab-balou et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Reyes, CP" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="107 - 507" refId="B17" refString="Reyes, CP, 1994. Thysanoptera (Hexapoda) of the Philippine Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 42: 107 - 507" title="Thysanoptera (Hexapoda) of the Philippine Islands." volume="42" year="1994">Reyes (1994)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Saeed, M" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="59 - 61" refId="B18" refString="Saeed, M, Yousuf, M, 1994. Checklist of Thysanoptera of the Punjab (Pakistan). Pakistan entomologist 16: 59 - 61" title="Checklist of Thysanoptera of the Punjab (Pakistan)." volume="16" year="1994">Saeed and Yousuf (1994)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i2.3926" author="Tillekaratne, K" journalOrPublisher="Ceylon Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="89 - 108" refId="B22" refString="Tillekaratne, K, Edirisinghe, JP, Gunatilleke, CVS, Karunaratne, WAIP, 2011. Survey of thrips in Sri Lanka: a checklist of thrips species, their distribution and host plants. Ceylon Journal of Science 40: 89 - 108" title="Survey of thrips in Sri Lanka: a checklist of thrips species, their distribution and host plants." url="https://doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i2.3926" volume="40" year="2011">Tillekaratne et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No. of antennal segments</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Distribution</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Host associations</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Larvae found</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. asiaticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. asiaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Colocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colocasia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Colocasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ricinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ricinus" order="Ixodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wedelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Wedelia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Wedelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“weeds”">&quot;weeds&quot;</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. aucubae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="aucubae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. aucubae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">China; Japan; Philippines</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Garryaceae" genus="Aucuba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aucuba" order="Garryales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Aucuba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Thalictrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thalictrum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Thalictrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. aureolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="aureolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. aureolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Malaysia; Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Hymenocallis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenocallis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Hymenocallis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bhattii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="bhattii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. bhattii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Citrus" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Citrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Colocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colocasia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Colocasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Tubothalamea" family="Milioliporidae" genus="Cucurbita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Cucurbita" order="Miliolida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cucurbita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“palm”">&quot;palm&quot;</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
On
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Citrus grandis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Citrus grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. chisinliaoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="chisinliaoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. chisinliaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Malaysia; China; Taiwan</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Canthium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Canthium" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Canthium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Carallia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carallia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Carallia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morus" order="Suliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Morus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Rhus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. globiceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="globiceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. globiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">India; Myanmar; Malaya; Thailand; Philippines; New Britain; New Guinea; Japan</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Angiopteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Angiopteris" order="Marattiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Angiopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Calopogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calopogonium" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Calopogonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Centrosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Centrosema" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Centrosema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Colocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colocasia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Colocasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Crinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crinum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Crinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Dysoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dysoxylum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dysoxylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hyptis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Hyptis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pandaceae" genus="Microdesmis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Microdesmis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Microdesmis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Pleocnemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pleocnemia" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pleocnemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Plumeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plumeria" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Plumeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Portulacaceae" genus="Portulaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Portulaca" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Portulaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bamboo”">&quot;bamboo&quot;</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. lantana" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="lantana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">India; Nepal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; &quot;evergreen tree&quot;
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. parvilimbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="parvilimbus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. parvilimbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Antirrhinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antirrhinum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Antirrhinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Boerhavia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Boerhavia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Boerhavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Crinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crinum" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Crinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Erythrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythrina" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Erythrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ipomoea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Ipomoea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Musa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Musa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ricinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ricinus" order="Ixodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Branchiopoda" genus="Sida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sida" order="Diplostraca" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Sida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“fern”">&quot;fern&quot;</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roboris" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="roboris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. roboris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Nigeria; Ghana; Sudan</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Colocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colocasia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Colocasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Tubothalamea" family="Milioliporidae" genus="Cucurbita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Cucurbita" order="Miliolida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Cucurbita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Musa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Musa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nicotiana" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Nicotiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Phaseolidae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaseolus" order="Nuculanida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Phaseolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piper" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Piper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Thunbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thunbergia" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Thunbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; &quot;climbing legume&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“palm”">&quot;palm&quot;</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
On
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Colocasia esculenta" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Colocasia esculenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stannardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="stannardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. stannardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">India; Pakistan</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Celosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Celosia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Celosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ipomoea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Ipomoea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Mirabilis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mirabilis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verbascum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. strasseni" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="strasseni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. strasseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Myanmar; China</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bamboo”">&quot;bamboo&quot;</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tumiceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="tumiceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A. tumiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">India, Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Malaysia; Myanmar; Indonesia; Philippines; Thailand; Japan; Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artocarpus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Artocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cannaceae" genus="Canna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Canna" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Canna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Centrosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Centrosema" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Centrosema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Dysoxylum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dysoxylum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dysoxylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dolichos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dolichos" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dolichos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eleusine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eleusine" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Eleusine</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Erythrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythrina" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Erythrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glycine" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Glycine</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gossypium" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Gossypium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mallotus" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Mallotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Phaseolidae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaseolus" order="Nuculanida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Phaseolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ricinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ricinus" order="Ixodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“fern”">&quot;fern&quot;</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Small, dark brown, strongly reticulate
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Panchaetothripinae">Panchaetothripinae</taxonomicName>
usually with banded fore wings bearing stout veinal setae. Antennae with 5-8 segments, sense cones on III and IV forked or simple. Head with conspicuous raised reticulate sculpture, setae all small, ocellar area sometimes elevated; maxillary palps bi-segmented. Pronotum transverse, strongly sculptured with some raised reticulation. Mesoscutum usually deeply notched; metascutum with prominent triangle. Tarsi 1-segmented. Fore wing slender, both longitudinal veins with prominent setae; costal setae shorter than costal cilia; posteromarginal cilia wavy. Tergite II of abdomen with anterior margin strongly constricted, and anterolaterally with a group of prominent strongly recurved microtrichia; tergites
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
with transverse reticulation on anterior half; VIII with no posteromarginal comb; X divided longitudinally. Male smaller, sternites with or without slender, deeply curved, pore plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="antennal segmentation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Antennal segmentation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The 8-segmented condition of antennae is considered plesiotypic for the family
<taxonomicName family="Thripidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Thripidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.8" author="Zhang, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="239 - 254" refId="B25" refString="Zhang, S, Mound, LA, Feng, J, 2019. Systematic significance of antennal segmentation and sense cones in Thripidae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia). Zootaxa 4554: 239 - 254" title="Systematic significance of antennal segmentation and sense cones in Thripidae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.8" volume="4554" year="2019">Zhang et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). However, among some
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Panchaetothripinae">Panchaetothripinae</taxonomicName>
genera, including
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Astrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrothrips" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Astrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are species with the distal segments fused in different combinations, such as segments VI+VII or VII+VIII, or sometimes
<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–VIII">VI-VIII</normalizedToken>
or even
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VIII">V-VIII</normalizedToken>
forming a terminal group. As a result of this fusion the number of apparent segments is reduced to seven, six, or even five. It is important to recognise that reduction in the number of segments is not necessarily a shared apomorphy, because the 7-segmented condition could arise by fusion of either VII+VIII or by VI+VII (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.8" author="Zhang, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="239 - 254" refId="B25" refString="Zhang, S, Mound, LA, Feng, J, 2019. Systematic significance of antennal segmentation and sense cones in Thripidae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia). Zootaxa 4554: 239 - 254" title="Systematic significance of antennal segmentation and sense cones in Thripidae (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.8" volume="4554" year="2019">Zhang et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="species recognition">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Species recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Species level taxonomy in this genus is based on some relatively trivial character states, each of which may have been observed on very few specimens.
<bibRefCitation author="Stannard, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="183 - 224" refId="B20" refString="Stannard, LJ, Mitri, TJ, 1962. Preliminary studies on the Tryphactothrips complex in which Anisopilothrips, Mesostenothrips and Elixothrips are erected as new genera (Thripidae: Heliothripinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 88: 183 - 224" title="Preliminary studies on the Tryphactothrips complex in which Anisopilothrips, Mesostenothrips and Elixothrips are erected as new genera (Thripidae: Heliothripinae)." volume="88" year="1962">Stannard and Mitri (1962)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName lsidName="aureolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="aureolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">aureolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from only two females and distinguished this new species from
<taxonomicName lsidName="globiceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="globiceps">
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">parvilimbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The three diagnostic characters selected by the authors (shape of antennal segment III, colour of costal setae, body colour) are now considered to be variable among more recently collected specimens. Some other character states used by authors to distinguish species in this genus have been found to be more variable with the discovery of more specimens.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1967.10433858" author="Bhatti, JS" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="139 - 191" refId="B6" refString="Bhatti, JS, 1967. The Tryphactothrips complex in India, with a key to the world genera. Oriental Insects 1: 139 - 191" title="The Tryphactothrips complex in India, with a key to the world genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1967.10433858" volume="1" year="1967">Bhatti (1967)</bibRefCitation>
described
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</taxonomicName>
as having the major sense cone on antennal segment VI surpassing the apex of the antenna, but this has been found to be untrue on various specimens of the species collected from South India and Thailand.
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, TH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 354" refId="B23" refString="Wilson, TH, 1975. A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 23: 1 - 354" title="A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)." volume="23" year="1975">Wilson (1975)</bibRefCitation>
in his key to species treated
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in the group with five or six antennal segments, but in the main text under that species, he states that there are seven segments; this confusion is repeated by
<bibRefCitation author="Ananthakrishnan, TN" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Handbook Series No. 1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B3" refString="Ananthakrishnan, TN, Sen, S, 1980. Taxonomy of Indian Thysanoptera. Zoological Survey of India, Handbook Series No.1" title="Taxonomy of Indian Thysanoptera." year="1980">Ananthakrishnan and Sen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
. Subsequent identifications that are based solely on such original descriptions may not be reliable. The male of
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has been unknown, but a male identified as this species from Timor Leste (in ANIC) has U-shaped pore plates on sternites
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as in
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</taxonomicName>
. Similar problems are involved in host-plant associations. For example,
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described
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from two females, but
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, TH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 354" refId="B23" refString="Wilson, TH, 1975. A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 23: 1 - 354" title="A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)." volume="23" year="1975">Wilson (1975)</bibRefCitation>
mentions weekly collections from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Lantana camara</emphasis>
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near the type locality without finding this thrips. In contrast,
<bibRefCitation author="Kudo, I" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana New Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="81 - 103" refId="B11" refString="Kudo, I, 1995. Some Panchaetothripinae from Nepal, Malaysia and the Philippines (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia: Thripidae). Insecta Matsumurana New Series 52: 81 - 103" title="Some Panchaetothripinae from Nepal, Malaysia and the Philippines (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia: Thripidae)." volume="52" year="1995">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kudô">Kudo</normalizedToken>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
identified three females from Nepal as
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that were taken from a species of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and an unidentified tree.
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<paragraph pageNumber="759">&quot;Habitat in Anglia.&quot; RCN: 7874.</paragraph>
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Current name:
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<taxonomicName id="E613BBB551FAE0CFC0E52E363CEA04AC" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
Hendel, 1927: 26. Raised to genus level by
<bibRefCitation id="A8279E877098C358EA793CC5CF73E86B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.01.007" author="Virgilio, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="171 - 179" refId="B19" refString="Virgilio, M, Jordaens, K, Verwimp, C, White, IM, De Meyer, M, 2015. Higher phylogeny of frugivorous flies (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini): Localised partition conflicts and a novel generic classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 85: 171 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.01.007" title="Higher phylogeny of frugivorous flies (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini): Localised partition conflicts and a novel generic classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.01.007" volume="85" year="2015">Virgilio et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 177. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="3707715ADDBF3FB5EDDA96864EC2453A" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacus caudatus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatus">Dacus caudatus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1805: 276. Type locality: Indonesia, Java.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29F0C3EE4CC5DE5624EFAD2C13DAC360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="689E69C31A0003C019FDD0C173606854" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19ED38966D3F9C0A2640487C0134D67D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Abdominal tergites free, scutum with medial postsutural vitta except for few species in several subgenera including
<taxonomicName id="8D5E25700CCD3FBDEC48F521F6637F78" authorityName="Drew &amp; Romig" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Parasinodacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasinodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="525C86C91587530C74A68F02C7CE47E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Parasinodacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Drew &amp; Romig,
<taxonomicName id="C4FA52B6F58F4128864118E48EF79737" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Paradacus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradacus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="849955FA6A3372BBAF59491D8D4AB905" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paradacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Perkins and some species of
<taxonomicName id="296CA53E95F3CE63F6C58E1A983C8545" authorityName="Zia" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Sinodacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BA5F4A134D3C4373830AA07ACB4CDC45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sinodacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zia, sternite 5 of male with shallow/flat posterior emargination. In males, epandrium distinctly bulb-shaped in posterior view, proctiger hyaline, triangular (when uninflated) smaller than epandrium, lateral surstylus longer than epandrium (profile view); posterior lobe of lateral surstylus 5-6
<normalizedToken id="5A48E326C5045CE4924929325DF4E528" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than anterior lobe. Phallus with well-developed acrophallus (single semi-tubular lobe) and patterned/granulated praeputium. Dorsal sclerite of glans without hexagonal pattern. Aculeus dorsoventrally flattened with four pairs of preapical setae (
<bibRefCitation id="533D0B1CC84E7A20AEE25266A2B0469D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.1" author="David, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 146" refId="B2" refString="David, KJ, Ramani, S, 2019. New species, redescriptions and phylogenetic revision of tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 101 - 146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.1" title="New species, redescriptions and phylogenetic revision of tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India based on morphological characters." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.1" volume="4551" year="2019">David and Ramani 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="AD8EB8B119B697FB8BF490DC62CE6E82" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95515DCC066F6248658E061FAB7F647A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zeugodacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="FC0BBF9850842F058BC7BD61C499839D" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="331044E9ACF9E1BA4C9D6579DC878503" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bactrocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B7D01E4CAE04824B08F31310B90A61D5" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EA5F537232EBF367614C363DE0EE759" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general appearance as they are wasp mimics and are characterised by the presence of reddish-brown to black colour with yellow vittae and markings. It can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="55BBBF38785F2D6CE1F36E7A618B86AC" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DDF9B933AAF5AAEA9B13EFDA397E729" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of free abdominal tergites and by the presence of four pairs of preapical setae; from
<taxonomicName id="8AA30E21441CAB88449536058FA42523" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9266C5B8ECA4749CF67C16519F40AA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bactrocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shallow/ flat emargination sternite 5 in males, posterior lobe of lateral surstylus 5-6
<normalizedToken id="E89E84A399FD2327FFBFF4DBA309C9CB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than anterior lobe and patterned acrophallus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

164
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B3DDFCFC28063590E826C825ABCFB7F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3DDFCFC28063590E826C825ABCFB7F8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Schedl, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus derupteterminatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">Xylosandrus derupteterminatus (Schedl, 1951)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="F94" captionText="Figure 94. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xylosandrus dentipennis paratype, 2.15 - 2.4 mm (A, B, I), X. derupteterminatus, 2.0 - 2.3 mm (C, D, J), X. discolor, 2.0 - 2.4 mm (E, F, K), and X. diversepilosus, 2.1 - 2.4 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 94C, D, J</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus derupteterminatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">Xyleborus derupteterminatus</taxonomicName>
Schedl, 1951a: 64.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus derupteterminatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">Xylosandrus derupteterminatus</taxonomicName>
(Schedl):
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 317" refId="B403" refString="Schedl, KE, 1964c. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer XIV. 223. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Reichenbachia 2: 303 - 317" title="Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer XIV. 223. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea." volume="2" year="1964 c">Schedl 1964c</bibRefCitation>
: 213.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
(NHMW).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China: S-Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20 km NW Jinghong, Man Dian (NNNR), 740 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="07.80" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="22.13">22°07.80'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="40.05" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.6675">100°40.05'E</geoCoordinate>
, forest, BF, 23.v.2008, A. Weigel (RABC, 1); as previous except: 15.vi.2008, GS/BS, rubber plantation (RABC, 1). Thailand: Chaiyaphum, Pa Hin Ngam N.P., Thepana
<normalizedToken originalValue="w’fall">w'fall</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="38.948" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.649134">15°38.948'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="25.625" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="101.427086">101°25.625'E</geoCoordinate>
, savanna, 23-24.x.2006, K. Sa-nog, B. Adnafai, pan traps (RABC, 1). Chiang Mai, Doi Pui, Chang Khian Highl. Res. Stn, 3.vii.2013, S. Buranapanichpan, ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mangifera indica" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RABC, 1); Doi Chiang Dao N.P. HQ,
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="24.278" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.404633">19°24.278'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="55.311" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.92185">98°55.311'E</geoCoordinate>
, 491 m, 2-3.viii.2007, S. Jugsu, A. Watwanich, pan trap (MSUC, 1; QSBG, 1); as previous except: 5-6.viii.2007 (RABC, 1); as previous except: Doi Chiang Dao WS, nat. trail, 30.ix-1.x.2007, Songkran &amp; Apichart (QSBG, 1); as previous except: 30.ix-7.x.2007, Malaise trap (RABC, 1); Doi Phahompok N.P. HQ,
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="57.961" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.966017">19°57.961'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="9.355" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.155914">99°9.355'E</geoCoordinate>
, 569 m, 11-18.vii.2007, Wongchai P., Malaise trap (QSBG, 1). Chumphon, 1.v.2010, W. Sittichaya, ex EtOH trap in durian plantn (RABC, 2). Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai N.P., entrance of Hnong Pak Chee Trail,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="27.115" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.451917">14°27.115'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="21.951" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="101.36585">101°21.951'E</geoCoordinate>
, 733 m, 8-9.v.2007, W. Sukho, pan trap (QSBG, 1). Nakhon Si Thammarat, Kiriwong village, 20.vi.2015, #20, S. Steininger and W. Sittichaya (MSUC, 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2.0-2.3 mm long (mean = 2.18; n = 5); 1.82-2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the small size; declivity obliquely truncate, abruptly separated from disc; posterolateral margins of elytra carinate to interstriae 7; declivital face with five punctate striae; declivital interstriae densely uniseriate granulate; pronotum from dorsal view rounded (type 1) and lateral view basic (type 0), pronotal summit at midpoint, basal 1/2 smooth, shiny, sparsely minutely punctate; and sparse mycangial tuft on the pronotal base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus adherescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adherescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus adherescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. compactus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="compactus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. compactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. mesuae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mesuae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. mesuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. morigerus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="morigerus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. morigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">China* (Yunnan), Indonesia (Java, Moluccas, Sulawesi), Thailand*.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Recorded only from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mangifera indica" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agathis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agathis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Araucariaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Araucariaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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