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Fresh specimens (frozen for 6 years before imaging) of Stolephorus grandis from Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea [(A) lateral and (B) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8834-01, 106.1 mm SL; (C) lateral and (D) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8838-01, 113.5 mm SL] and preserved specimens (E: lateral view of NCIP 3751, 107.0 mm SL, eastern Indonesia; F: dorsal view of head of KAUM–I. 156158, paratype, 82.6 mm SL, Van Diemen Gulf, Northern Territory, Australia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611414/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 2</figureCitation> +; +<tableCitation id="C6980365FFB3FFCDFE9F6A7B3819FBF8" box="[260,353,1073,1100]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. 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pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry> +, +<date id="FFA4101EFFB3FFCDFB826AB53DD8FAAE" box="[1049,1184,1279,1306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1955-04-05"> +<collectingDate id="EFE0E9F6FFB3FFCDFB826AB53DD8FAAE" box="[1049,1184,1279,1306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1955-04-05">5 Apr. 1955</collectingDate> +</date> +. +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB3FFCDFF5C6B693AF2FA1D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1243,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB3FFCDFF5C6B693D86FA31" collectionCode="RMNH, PISC, KAUM, NTM" country="Australia" latitude="-16.730001" location="Ellis Beach" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="145.65" municipality="Cairns" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="RMNH.PISC.84311" specimenCount="9" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="paratype"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFF5C6B69383EFA89" bold="true" box="[199,326,1315,1341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<typeStatus id="54A1887CFFB3FFCDFF5C6B693839FA89" box="[199,321,1315,1341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus> +. +</emphasis> +<specimenCount id="9D1CFD57FFB3FFCDFED66B6938A1FA89" box="[333,473,1315,1341]" count="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount> +, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB3FFCDFE7F6B693BEBFA89" box="[484,659,1315,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.765" metricValueMax="11.61" metricValueMin="5.92" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="87.65" valueMax="116.1" valueMin="59.2">59.2–116.1 mm</quantity> +SL: AMS-I. 22777-006, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB3FFCDFC306B693D77FA89" box="[939,1039,1315,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.92" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="59.2">59.2 mm</quantity> +SL, south end of +<location id="8EC56005FFB3FFCDFB4F6B693C2FFA89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFB3FFC3FF0C6DA33AD7F86D:8EC56005FFB3FFCDFB4F6B693C2FFA89" box="[1236,1367,1315,1341]" country="Australia" latitude="-16.730001" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="145.65" municipality="Cairns" name="Ellis Beach" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Queensland">Ellis Beach</location> +, north of +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB3FFCDFF236B0D3847FAD5" box="[184,319,1351,1377]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, Cairns, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB3FFCDFE3E6B0D3B74FAD5" box="[421,524,1351,1377]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB3FFCDFD856B023BDAFAD7" box="[542,674,1352,1379]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-16.730001">16°43′48″S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB3FFCDFD2B6B023A3DFAD7" box="[688,837,1352,1379]" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="00" value="145.65">145°39′00″E</geoCoordinate> +); +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFB3FFCDFCC06B0D3D38FAD5" box="[859,1088,1351,1377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +RMNH.PISC. +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB3FFCDFC626B0D3DB9FAD5" box="[1017,1217,1351,1377]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.43111161" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="8.43111161E7">84311, 116.1 mm</quantity> +</specimenCode> +SL, collected with the holotype; KAUM–I. 156158, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB3FFCDFD886B213B01FA31" box="[531,633,1387,1413]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="82.6">82.6 mm</quantity> +SL, NSMT-P 140585, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB3FFCDFCE46B213A9CFA31" box="[895,996,1387,1414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="80.5">80.5 mm</quantity> +SL, NTM S. 10071-001 +</materialsCitation> +, +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB3FFCDFA916B213AFEFA1D" collectorName="Van Diemen Gulf" country="Australia" location="Van Diemen Gulf" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Northern Territory" typeStatus="paratype"> +<specimenCount id="9D1CFD57FFB3FFCDFA916B213CE1FA31" box="[1290,1433,1387,1414]" count="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount> +, 77.7–88.0 mm SL, +<location id="8EC56005FFB3FFCDFEF46BC53B4FFA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFB3FFC3FF0C6DA33AD7F86D:8EC56005FFB3FFCDFEF46BC53B4FFA1D" box="[367,567,1423,1449]" country="Australia" name="Van Diemen Gulf" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Northern Territory">Van Diemen Gulf</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB3FFCDFDD96BC53A6AFA1D" box="[578,786,1423,1449]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Northern Territory</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB3FFCDFC876BC53AFEFA1D" box="[796,902,1423,1449]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry> +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<caption id="DF656656FFB3FFCDFF0C6B923AA2FA44" box="[151,986,1496,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[151,239,1496,1520]" targetBox="[163,1398,1537,1987]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB3FFCDFF0C6B923AA2FA44" blockId="4.[151,986,1496,1521]" box="[151,986,1496,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFF0C6B923872FA44" bold="true" box="[151,266,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 2.</emphasis> +Morphometrics of specimens of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB3FFCDFDF76B933A3BFA45" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[620,835,1497,1521]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFDF76B933A3BFA45" box="[620,835,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB3FFCDFCEC6B933AABFA44" box="[887,979,1497,1520]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFCEC6B933AABFA44" box="[887,979,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB3FFCDFE78684B3C11F877" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<table id="F91AC47EFFB30036FF38684B3C0EF877" box="[163,1398,1537,1987]" gridcols="8" gridrows="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<tr id="352A349CFFB30036FF38684B3C0EF9AD" box="[163,1398,1537,1561]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FEE0684B3A62F9AD" box="[379,794,1537,1561]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB3FFCDFE78684B3BD7F9AD" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[483,687,1537,1561]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFE78684B3BD7F9AD" box="[483,687,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FC79684B3C6CF9AD" box="[994,1300,1537,1561]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB3FFCDFBCD684B3C6CF9AD" box="[1110,1300,1537,1561]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFBCD684B3C6CF9AD" box="[1110,1300,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stolephorus waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB30036FF3868633C0EF9F6" box="[163,1398,1577,1602]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FEE068633882F9F6" box="[379,506,1577,1602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD8168633BF4F9F6" box="[538,652,1577,1602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FC7968633D26F9F6" box="[994,1118,1577,1602]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FB1D68633C6CF9F6" box="[1158,1300,1577,1602]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Non-types</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB30036FF38681B3C0EF939" box="[163,1398,1617,1677]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FEE0681B3882F939" box="[379,506,1617,1677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Guinea</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD81681B3A62F939" box="[538,794,1617,1677]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Guinea and Australia</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FC79681B3C6CF939" box="[994,1300,1617,1677]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB30036FF3868D43C0EF96E" box="[163,1398,1694,1754]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FEE068D43882F96E" box="[379,506,1694,1754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">RMNH. PISC.24670</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD8168D43BF4F96E" box="[538,652,1694,1754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFDA268FA3B3EF973" box="[569,582,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis> += 9 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD3268D43A62F96E" box="[681,794,1694,1754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFD5C68FA3BACF973" box="[711,724,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis> += 8 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FCD968D43AFEF96E" box="[834,902,1694,1754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Means</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FC7968D43D26F96E" box="[994,1118,1694,1754]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MCZ 18254</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FB1D68D43C6CF96E" box="[1158,1300,1694,1754]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB3FFCDFB0568FA3DD3F973" box="[1182,1195,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis> += 22 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FAA968D43C0EF96E" box="[1330,1398,1694,1754]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Means</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB30036FF3868A03C0EF892" box="[163,1398,1770,1830]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FF3868A0383AF892" box="[163,322,1770,1830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Standard length (SL; mm)</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FEE068A03882F892" box="[379,506,1770,1830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">102.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD8168A03BF4F892" box="[538,652,1770,1830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">59.2–116.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD3268A03A62F892" box="[681,794,1770,1830]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">77.4–113.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FC7968A03D26F892" box="[994,1118,1770,1830]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">87.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FB1D68A03C6CF892" box="[1158,1300,1770,1830]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">63.2–129.6</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB30036FF38697C3C0EF877" box="[163,1398,1846,1987]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FF38697C383AF877" box="[163,322,1846,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">As % SL Head Length (HL) Body depth</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FEE0697C3882F877" box="[379,506,1846,1987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22.0 21.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD81697C3BF4F877" box="[538,652,1846,1987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22.0–24.0 17.9–19.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FD32697C3A62F877" box="[681,794,1846,1987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22.9–23.5 19.8–22.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FCD9697C3AFEF877" box="[834,902,1846,1987]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">23.1 19.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FC79697C3D26F877" box="[994,1118,1846,1987]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22.9 16.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FB1D697C3C6CF877" box="[1158,1300,1846,1987]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">24.3–26.6 17.3–19.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB30036FAA9697C3C0EF877" box="[1330,1398,1846,1987]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25.5 18.8</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB3FFCDFBC169993CE9F85F" blockId="4.[1114,1425,2003,2027]" box="[1114,1425,2003,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<tableNote id="76FC3750FFB3FFCDFBC169993CE9F85F" box="[1114,1425,2003,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[163,1398,1537,1987]" targetPageId="4">......continued on the next page</tableNote> +</paragraph> +<caption id="DF656656FFB2FFCCFF386EE838E9FF0E" box="[163,401,162,186]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[163,247,162,186]" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB2FFCCFF386EE838E9FF0E" blockId="5.[163,401,162,186]" box="[163,401,162,186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB2FFCCFF386EE83868FF0E" bold="true" box="[163,272,162,186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 2.</emphasis> +(Continued) +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB2FFCCFE786E803C1CF8C7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<table id="F91AC47EFFB20036FF386E803C0EF831" box="[163,1398,202,1925]" colsContinueIn="6.[163,1398,202,1002]" gridcols="8" gridrows="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386E803C0EFF56" box="[163,1398,202,226]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06E803A6DFF56" box="[379,789,202,226]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB2FFCCFE786E803BD7FF56" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[483,687,202,226]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB2FFCCFE786E803BD7FF56" box="[483,687,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796E803C6CFF56" box="[994,1300,202,226]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB2FFCCFBCD6E803C6CFF56" box="[1110,1300,202,226]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB2FFCCFBCD6E803C6CFF56" box="[1110,1300,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stolephorus waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386EB83C0EFEBF" box="[163,1398,242,267]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06EB83882FEBF" box="[379,506,242,267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6EB83BFEFEBF" box="[544,646,242,267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratypes</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796EB83D26FEBF" box="[994,1118,242,267]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116EB83C6CFEBF" box="[1162,1300,242,267]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Non-types</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386F513C0EFEE3" box="[163,1398,283,343]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06F513882FEE3" box="[379,506,283,343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Guinea</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6F513A6DFEE3" box="[544,789,283,343]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Guinea and Australia</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796F513C6CFEE3" box="[994,1300,283,343]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386F2D3C0EFE17" box="[163,1398,359,419]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06F2D3882FE17" box="[379,506,359,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH. PISC.24670</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6F2D3BFEFE17" box="[544,646,359,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB2FFCCFDA26F303B3EFE25" box="[569,582,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis> += 9 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346F2D3A6DFE17" box="[687,789,359,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB2FFCCFD5C6F303BACFE25" box="[711,724,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis> += 8 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96F2D3AFEFE17" box="[834,902,359,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Means</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796F2D3D26FE17" box="[994,1118,359,419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MCZ 18254</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116F2D3C6CFE17" box="[1162,1300,359,419]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB2FFCCFB056F303DD3FE25" box="[1182,1195,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis> += 22 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96F2D3C0EFE17" box="[1330,1398,359,419]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Means</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386FFE3C0EFE44" box="[163,1398,436,496]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386FFE3820FE44" box="[163,344,436,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pre-dorsal-fin length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06FFE3882FE44" box="[379,506,436,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">52.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6FFE3BFEFE44" box="[544,646,436,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">51.6–54.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346FFE3A6DFE44" box="[687,789,436,496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">52.1–54.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96FFE3AFEFE44" box="[834,902,436,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">52.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796FFE3D26FE44" box="[994,1118,436,496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">52.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116FFE3C6CFE44" box="[1162,1300,436,496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">52.0–57.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96FFE3C0EFE44" box="[1330,1398,436,496]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">54.8</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386C4A3C0EFDD4" box="[163,1398,512,608]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386C4A3820FDD4" box="[163,344,512,608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Snout tip to pectoral-fin insertion</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06C4A3882FDD4" box="[379,506,512,608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6C4A3BFEFDD4" box="[544,646,512,608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25.1–27.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346C4A3A6DFDD4" box="[687,789,512,608]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25.1–25.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96C4A3AFEFDD4" box="[834,902,512,608]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796C4A3D26FDD4" box="[994,1118,512,608]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">26.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116C4A3C6CFDD4" box="[1162,1300,512,608]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">26.4–28.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96C4A3C0EFDD4" box="[1330,1398,512,608]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">27.4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386C3A3C0EFD64" box="[163,1398,624,720]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386C3A3820FD64" box="[163,344,624,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Snout tip to pelvic-fin insertion</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06C3A3882FD64" box="[379,506,624,720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">42.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6C3A3BFEFD64" box="[544,646,624,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">42.8–44.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346C3A3A6DFD64" box="[687,789,624,720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">42.4–44.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96C3A3AFEFD64" box="[834,902,624,720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">43.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796C3A3D26FD64" box="[994,1118,624,720]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">42.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116C3A3C6CFD64" box="[1162,1300,624,720]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">42.4–46.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96C3A3C0EFD64" box="[1330,1398,624,720]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">45.2</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386CAB3C0EFCA9" box="[163,1398,737,797]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386CAB3820FCA9" box="[163,344,737,797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Snout to anal-fin origin</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06CAB3882FCA9" box="[379,506,737,797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">61.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6CAB3BFEFCA9" box="[544,646,737,797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">60.6–65.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346CAB3A6DFCA9" box="[687,789,737,797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">60.8–62.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96CAB3AFEFCA9" box="[834,902,737,797]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">62.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796CAB3D26FCA9" box="[994,1118,737,797]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">61.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116CAB3C6CFCA9" box="[1162,1300,737,797]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">63.2–67.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96CAB3C0EFCA9" box="[1330,1398,737,797]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">65.1</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386D673C0EFCDD" box="[163,1398,813,873]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386D673820FCDD" box="[163,344,813,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dorsal-fin base length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06D673882FCDD" box="[379,506,813,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6D673BFEFCDD" box="[544,646,813,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12.6–14.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346D673A6DFCDD" box="[687,789,813,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.3–14.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96D673AFEFCDD" box="[834,902,813,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796D673D26FCDD" box="[994,1118,813,873]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116D673C6CFCDD" box="[1162,1300,813,873]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.8–14.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96D673C0EFCDD" box="[1330,1398,813,873]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.3</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386D333C0EFC01" box="[163,1398,889,949]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386D333820FC01" box="[163,344,889,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anal-fin base length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06D333882FC01" box="[379,506,889,949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6D333BFEFC01" box="[544,646,889,949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.0–17.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346D333A6DFC01" box="[687,789,889,949]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.3–17.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96D333AFEFC01" box="[834,902,889,949]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796D333D26FC01" box="[994,1118,889,949]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116D333C6CFC01" box="[1162,1300,889,949]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12.9–16.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96D333C0EFC01" box="[1330,1398,889,949]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.9</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386D8F3C0EFBB5" box="[163,1398,965,1025]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386D8F3820FBB5" box="[163,344,965,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caudal-peduncle length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06D8F3882FBB5" box="[379,506,965,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6D8F3BFEFBB5" box="[544,646,965,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.9–23.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346D8F3A6DFBB5" box="[687,789,965,1025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.4–23.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96D8F3AFEFBB5" box="[834,902,965,1025]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796D8F3D26FBB5" box="[994,1118,965,1025]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116D8F3C6CFBB5" box="[1162,1300,965,1025]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20.3–23.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96D8F3C0EFBB5" box="[1330,1398,965,1025]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.8</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386A583C0EFBFA" box="[163,1398,1042,1102]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386A583820FBFA" box="[163,344,1042,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caudal-peduncle depth</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06A583882FBFA" box="[379,506,1042,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6A583BFEFBFA" box="[544,646,1042,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.5–10.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346A583A6DFBFA" box="[687,789,1042,1102]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.6–9.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96A583AFEFBFA" box="[834,902,1042,1102]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796A583D26FBFA" box="[994,1118,1042,1102]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116A583C6CFBFA" box="[1162,1300,1042,1102]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.4–8.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96A583C0EFBFA" box="[1330,1398,1042,1102]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.1</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386A143C0EFBC2" box="[163,1398,1118,1142]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386A143820FBC2" box="[163,344,1118,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orbit diameter</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06A143882FBC2" box="[379,506,1118,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6A143BFEFBC2" box="[544,646,1118,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.2–8.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346A143A6DFBC2" box="[687,789,1118,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.1–7.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96A143AFEFBC2" box="[834,902,1118,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796A143D26FBC2" box="[994,1118,1118,1142]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116A143C6CFBC2" box="[1162,1300,1118,1142]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.4–9.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96A143C0EFBC2" box="[1330,1398,1118,1142]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.0</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386ACC3C0EFB2B" box="[163,1398,1158,1183]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386ACC3820FB2B" box="[163,344,1158,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eye diameter</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06ACC3882FB2B" box="[379,506,1158,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6ACC3BFEFB2B" box="[544,646,1158,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.9–6.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346ACC3A6DFB2B" box="[687,789,1158,1183]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.7–6.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96ACC3AFEFB2B" box="[834,902,1158,1183]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796ACC3D26FB2B" box="[994,1118,1158,1183]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116ACC3C6CFB2B" box="[1162,1300,1158,1183]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.9–7.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96ACC3C0EFB2B" box="[1330,1398,1158,1183]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.5</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386AE43C0EFB72" box="[163,1398,1198,1222]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386AE43820FB72" box="[163,344,1198,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Snout length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06AE43882FB72" box="[379,506,1198,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6AE43BFEFB72" box="[544,646,1198,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.5–4.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346AE43A6DFB72" box="[687,789,1198,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.6–4.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96AE43AFEFB72" box="[834,902,1198,1222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796AE43D26FB72" box="[994,1118,1198,1222]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116AE43C6CFB72" box="[1162,1300,1198,1222]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.9–4.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96AE43C0EFB72" box="[1330,1398,1198,1222]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386A9C3C0EFB5B" box="[163,1398,1238,1263]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386A9C3820FB5B" box="[163,344,1238,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D–P1</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06A9C3882FB5B" box="[379,506,1238,1263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">33.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6A9C3BFEFB5B" box="[544,646,1238,1263]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">32.9–34.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346A9C3A6DFB5B" box="[687,789,1238,1263]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">33.2–35.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96A9C3AFEFB5B" box="[834,902,1238,1263]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">33.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796A9C3D26FB5B" box="[994,1118,1238,1263]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">29.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116A9C3C6CFB5B" box="[1162,1300,1238,1263]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">32.1–35.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96A9C3C0EFB5B" box="[1330,1398,1238,1263]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">33.4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386AB53C0EFAA3" box="[163,1398,1279,1303]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386AB53820FAA3" box="[163,344,1279,1303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D–P2</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06AB53882FAA3" box="[379,506,1279,1303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">24.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6AB53BFEFAA3" box="[544,646,1279,1303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20.4–24.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346AB53A6DFAA3" box="[687,789,1279,1303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.3–24.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96AB53AFEFAA3" box="[834,902,1279,1303]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796AB53D26FAA3" box="[994,1118,1279,1303]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116AB53C6CFAA3" box="[1162,1300,1279,1303]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.7–23.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96AB53C0EFAA3" box="[1330,1398,1279,1303]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.3</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386B6D3C0EFA8B" box="[163,1398,1319,1343]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386B6D3820FA8B" box="[163,344,1319,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D–A</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06B6D3882FA8B" box="[379,506,1319,1343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">24.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6B6D3BFEFA8B" box="[544,646,1319,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20.4–23.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346B6D3A6DFA8B" box="[687,789,1319,1343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.6–23.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96B6D3AFEFA8B" box="[834,902,1319,1343]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796B6D3D26FA8B" box="[994,1118,1319,1343]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116B6D3C6CFA8B" box="[1162,1300,1319,1343]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.6–22.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96B6D3C0EFA8B" box="[1330,1398,1319,1343]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20.7</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386B053C0EFAD3" box="[163,1398,1359,1383]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386B053820FAD3" box="[163,344,1359,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P1–P2</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06B053882FAD3" box="[379,506,1359,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6B053BFEFAD3" box="[544,646,1359,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18.1–20.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346B053A6DFAD3" box="[687,789,1359,1383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18.1–20.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96B053AFEFAD3" box="[834,902,1359,1383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796B053D26FAD3" box="[994,1118,1359,1383]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116B053C6CFAD3" box="[1162,1300,1359,1383]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.2–20.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96B053C0EFAD3" box="[1330,1398,1359,1383]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.1</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386B3D3C0EFA24" box="[163,1398,1399,1424]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386B3D3820FA24" box="[163,344,1399,1424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P2–A</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06B3D3882FA24" box="[379,506,1399,1424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6B3D3BFEFA24" box="[544,646,1399,1424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.8–22.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346B3D3A6DFA24" box="[687,789,1399,1424]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.5–20.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96B3D3AFEFA24" box="[834,902,1399,1424]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796B3D3D26FA24" box="[994,1118,1399,1424]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116B3D3C6CFA24" box="[1162,1300,1399,1424]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.3–21.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96B3D3C0EFA24" box="[1330,1398,1399,1424]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.6</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386BEA3C0EFA68" box="[163,1398,1440,1500]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386BEA3820FA68" box="[163,344,1440,1500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pectoral-fin length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06BEA3882FA68" box="[379,506,1440,1500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6BEA3BFEFA68" box="[544,646,1440,1500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.2–15.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346BEA3A6DFA68" box="[687,789,1440,1500]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.3–15.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96BEA3AFEFA68" box="[834,902,1440,1500]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796BEA3D26FA68" box="[994,1118,1440,1500]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116BEA3C6CFA68" box="[1162,1300,1440,1500]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.7–14.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96BEA3C0EFA68" box="[1330,1398,1440,1500]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.3</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF386BA63C0EF9B0" box="[163,1398,1516,1540]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF386BA63820F9B0" box="[163,344,1516,1540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pelvic-fin length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE06BA63882F9B0" box="[379,506,1516,1540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB6BA63BFEF9B0" box="[544,646,1516,1540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.3–9.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD346BA63A6DF9B0" box="[687,789,1516,1540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.4–8.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD96BA63AFEF9B0" box="[834,902,1516,1540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC796BA63D26F9B0" box="[994,1118,1516,1540]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB116BA63C6CF9B0" box="[1162,1300,1516,1540]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.1–8.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA96BA63C0EF9B0" box="[1330,1398,1516,1540]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.9</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF38685E3C0EF998" box="[163,1398,1556,1580]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF38685E3820F998" box="[163,344,1556,1580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Maxilla length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE0685E3882F998" box="[379,506,1556,1580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB685E3BFEF998" box="[544,646,1556,1580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.2–18.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD34685E3A6DF998" box="[687,789,1556,1580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.4–18.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD9685E3AFEF998" box="[834,902,1556,1580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC79685E3D26F998" box="[994,1118,1556,1580]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB11685E3C6CF998" box="[1162,1300,1556,1580]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18.0–20.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA9685E3C0EF998" box="[1330,1398,1556,1580]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19.2</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF3868763C0EF9E1" box="[163,1398,1596,1621]" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF3868763820F9E1" box="[163,344,1596,1621]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lower-jaw length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE068763882F9E1" box="[379,506,1596,1621]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB68763BFEF9E1" box="[544,646,1596,1621]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.3–15.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD3468763A6DF9E1" box="[687,789,1596,1621]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.5–15.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD968763AFEF9E1" box="[834,902,1596,1621]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC7968763D26F9E1" box="[994,1118,1596,1621]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB1168763C6CF9E1" box="[1162,1300,1596,1621]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.7–17.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA968763C0EF9E1" box="[1330,1398,1596,1621]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.6</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF38682F3C0EF915" box="[163,1398,1637,1697]" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF38682F3820F915" box="[163,344,1637,1697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Supramaxilla end to maxilla end</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE0682F3882F915" box="[379,506,1637,1697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB682F3BFEF915" box="[544,646,1637,1697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.4–4.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD34682F3A6DF915" box="[687,789,1637,1697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.7–4.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD9682F3AFEF915" box="[834,902,1637,1697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC79682F3D26F915" box="[994,1118,1637,1697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB11682F3C6CF915" box="[1162,1300,1637,1697]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.9–4.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA9682F3C0EF915" box="[1330,1398,1637,1697]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.6</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF3868FB3C0EF959" box="[163,1398,1713,1773]" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF3868FB3820F959" box="[163,344,1713,1773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Postorbital length of the head</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE068FB3882F959" box="[379,506,1713,1773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB68FB3BFEF959" box="[544,646,1713,1773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11.7–12.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD3468FB3A6DF959" box="[687,789,1713,1773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11.8–12.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD968FB3AFEF959" box="[834,902,1713,1773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC7968FB3D26F959" box="[994,1118,1713,1773]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB1168FB3C6CF959" box="[1162,1300,1713,1773]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12.7–13.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA968FB3C0EF959" box="[1330,1398,1713,1773]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF3868B73C0EF88D" box="[163,1398,1789,1849]" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF3868B73820F88D" box="[163,344,1789,1849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1st dorsal-fin ray length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE068B73882F88D" box="[379,506,1789,1849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB68B73BFEF88D" box="[544,646,1789,1849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.3–1.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD3468B73A6DF88D" box="[687,789,1789,1849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.4–2.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD968B73AFEF88D" box="[834,902,1789,1849]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC7968B73D26F88D" box="[994,1118,1789,1849]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB1168B73C6CF88D" box="[1162,1300,1789,1849]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.2–2.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA968B73C0EF88D" box="[1330,1398,1789,1849]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.6</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB20036FF3869033C0EF831" box="[163,1398,1865,1925]" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FF3869033820F831" box="[163,344,1865,1925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2nd dorsal-fin ray length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FEE069033882F831" box="[379,506,1865,1925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FDBB69033BFEF831" box="[544,646,1865,1925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.7–7.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FD3469033A6DF831" box="[687,789,1865,1925]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.7–7.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FCD969033AFEF831" box="[834,902,1865,1925]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FC7969033D26F831" box="[994,1118,1865,1925]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FB1169033C6CF831" box="[1162,1300,1865,1925]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.4–7.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB20036FAA969033C0EF831" box="[1330,1398,1865,1925]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.2</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB2FFCCFBC169DC3CE9F81A" blockId="5.[1114,1425,1942,1966]" box="[1114,1425,1942,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<tableNote id="76FC3750FFB2FFCCFBC169DC3CE9F81A" box="[1114,1425,1942,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[163,1398,202,1925]" targetPageId="5">......continued on the next page</tableNote> +</paragraph> +<caption id="DF656656FFB1FFCFFF386EE838E9FF0E" box="[163,401,162,186]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[163,247,162,186]" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB1FFCFFF386EE838E9FF0E" blockId="6.[163,401,162,186]" box="[163,401,162,186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFF386EE83868FF0E" bold="true" box="[163,272,162,186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 2.</emphasis> +(Continued) +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB1FFCFFE786E803C11FC6C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<table id="F91AC47EFFB10036FF386E803C0EFC5E" box="[163,1398,202,1002]" colsContinueFrom="5.[163,1398,202,1925]" gridcols="8" gridrows="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386E803C0EFF56" box="[163,1398,202,226]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06E803A6DFF56" box="[379,789,202,226]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB1FFCFFE786E803BD7FF56" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[483,687,202,226]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFE786E803BD7FF56" box="[483,687,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796E803C6CFF56" box="[994,1300,202,226]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB1FFCFFBCD6E803C6CFF56" box="[1110,1300,202,226]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFBCD6E803C6CFF56" box="[1110,1300,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stolephorus waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386EB83C0EFEBF" box="[163,1398,242,267]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06EB83882FEBF" box="[379,506,242,267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6EB83BFEFEBF" box="[544,646,242,267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paratypes</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796EB83D26FEBF" box="[994,1118,242,267]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116EB83C6CFEBF" box="[1162,1300,242,267]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Non-types</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386F513C0EFEE3" box="[163,1398,283,343]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06F513882FEE3" box="[379,506,283,343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New Guinea</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6F513A6DFEE3" box="[544,789,283,343]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New Guinea and Australia</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796F513C6CFEE3" box="[994,1300,283,343]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386F2D3C0EFE17" box="[163,1398,359,419]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06F2D3882FE17" box="[379,506,359,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">RMNH. PISC.24670</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6F2D3BFEFE17" box="[544,646,359,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFDA26F303B3EFE25" box="[569,582,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis> += 9 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346F2D3A6DFE17" box="[687,789,359,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFD5C6F303BACFE25" box="[711,724,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis> += 8 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96F2D3AFEFE17" box="[834,902,359,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Means</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796F2D3D26FE17" box="[994,1118,359,419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MCZ 18254</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116F2D3C6CFE17" box="[1162,1300,359,419]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFB056F303DD3FE25" box="[1182,1195,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis> += 22 +</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96F2D3C0EFE17" box="[1330,1398,359,419]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Means</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386FFE3C0EFE44" box="[163,1398,436,496]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386FFE382EFE44" box="[163,342,436,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3rd dorsal-fin ray length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06FFE3882FE44" box="[379,506,436,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6FFE3BFEFE44" box="[544,646,436,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14.8–15.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346FFE3A6DFE44" box="[687,789,436,496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96FFE3AFEFE44" box="[834,902,436,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796FFE3D26FE44" box="[994,1118,436,496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116FFE3C6CFE44" box="[1162,1300,436,496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12.4–13.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96FFE3C0EFE44" box="[1330,1398,436,496]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.0</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386C4A3C0EFD88" box="[163,1398,512,572]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386C4A382EFD88" box="[163,342,512,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1st anal-fin ray length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06C4A3882FD88" box="[379,506,512,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6C4A3BFEFD88" box="[544,646,512,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.0–1.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346C4A3A6DFD88" box="[687,789,512,572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.0–1.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96C4A3AFEFD88" box="[834,902,512,572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796C4A3D26FD88" box="[994,1118,512,572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116C4A3C6CFD88" box="[1162,1300,512,572]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.6–1.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96C4A3C0EFD88" box="[1330,1398,512,572]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.1</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386C063C0EFD3C" box="[163,1398,588,648]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386C06382EFD3C" box="[163,342,588,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2nd anal-fin ray length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06C063882FD3C" box="[379,506,588,648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6C063BFEFD3C" box="[544,646,588,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.6–5.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346C063A6DFD3C" box="[687,789,588,648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.8–5.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96C063AFEFD3C" box="[834,902,588,648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796C063D26FD3C" box="[994,1118,588,648]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116C063C6CFD3C" box="[1162,1300,588,648]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.0–5.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96C063C0EFD3C" box="[1330,1398,588,648]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.1</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386CD33C0EFD61" box="[163,1398,665,725]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-7="1"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386CD3382EFD61" box="[163,342,665,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3rd anal-fin ray length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06CD33882FD61" box="[379,506,665,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6CD33BFEFD61" box="[544,646,665,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.9–13.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346CD33A6DFD61" box="[687,789,665,725]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12.4–12.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96CD33AFEFD61" box="[834,902,665,725]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796CD33D26FD61" box="[994,1118,665,725]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">broken</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116CD33C6CFD61" box="[1162,1300,665,725]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">broken</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386CAF3C0EFD49" box="[163,1398,741,765]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386CAF3C0EFD49" box="[163,1398,741,765]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">As % HL</th> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386D473C0EFC91" box="[163,1398,781,805]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386D47382EFC91" box="[163,342,781,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orbit diameter</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06D473882FC91" box="[379,506,781,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6D473BFEFC91" box="[544,646,781,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">31.5–34.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346D473A6DFC91" box="[687,789,781,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">31.1–33.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96D473AFEFC91" box="[834,902,781,805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796D473D26FC91" box="[994,1118,781,805]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116D473C6CFC91" box="[1162,1300,781,805]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29.0–34.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96D473C0EFC91" box="[1330,1398,781,805]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">31.4</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386D7F3C0EFCFA" box="[163,1398,821,846]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386D7F382EFCFA" box="[163,342,821,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eye diameter</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06D7F3882FCFA" box="[379,506,821,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">27.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6D7F3BFEFCFA" box="[544,646,821,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21.1–29.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346D7F3A6DFCFA" box="[687,789,821,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24.7–28.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96D7F3AFEFCFA" box="[834,902,821,846]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">26.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796D7F3D26FCFA" box="[994,1118,821,846]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116D7F3C6CFCFA" box="[1162,1300,821,846]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.7–29.2</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96D7F3C0EFCFA" box="[1330,1398,821,846]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">25.7</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386D173C0EFCC2" box="[163,1398,861,886]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386D17382EFCC2" box="[163,342,861,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Snout length</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06D173882FCC2" box="[379,506,861,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6D173BFEFCC2" box="[544,646,861,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.5–19.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346D173A6DFCC2" box="[687,789,861,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.3–17.3</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96D173AFEFCC2" box="[834,902,861,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796D173D26FCC2" box="[994,1118,861,886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116D173C6CFCC2" box="[1162,1300,861,886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.1–18.6</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96D173C0EFCC2" box="[1330,1398,861,886]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.2</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386DCC3C0EFC2A" box="[163,1398,902,926]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386DCC382EFC2A" box="[163,342,902,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Interorbital width</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06DCC3882FC2A" box="[379,506,902,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.4</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6DCC3BFEFC2A" box="[544,646,902,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.1–24.5</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346DCC3A6DFC2A" box="[687,789,902,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.4–24.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96DCC3AFEFC2A" box="[834,902,902,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796DCC3D26FC2A" box="[994,1118,902,926]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.0</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116DCC3C6CFC2A" box="[1162,1300,902,926]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">18.9–23.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96DCC3C0EFC2A" box="[1330,1398,902,926]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">20.8</td> +</tr> +<tr id="352A349CFFB10036FF386DE43C0EFC5E" box="[163,1398,942,1002]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<th id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FF386DE4382EFC5E" box="[163,342,942,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Postorbital length of the head</th> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FEE06DE43882FC5E" box="[379,506,942,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">52.1</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FDBB6DE43BFEFC5E" box="[544,646,942,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">48.8–53.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FD346DE43A6DFC5E" box="[687,789,942,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">50.7–53.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FCD96DE43AFEFC5E" box="[834,902,942,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">51.9</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FC796DE43D26FC5E" box="[994,1118,942,1002]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">53.7</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FB116DE43C6CFC5E" box="[1162,1300,942,1002]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">49.4–55.8</td> +<td id="76FB5DE0FFB10036FAA96DE43C0EFC5E" box="[1330,1398,942,1002]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">52.5</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB1FFCFFF0C6DBD3D9CFBE3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1015,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<tableNote id="76FC3750FFB1FFCFFF0C6DBD3D9CFBE3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[163,1398,202,1002]" targetPageId="6">Abbreviations: D–P1 (distance between dorsal-fin origin and pectoral-fin insertion); D–P2 (distance between dorsalfin origin and pelvic-fin insertion); D–A (distance between origins of dorsal and anal fins); P1–P2 (distance between insertions of pectoral and pelvic fins); P2–A (distance between pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin).</tableNote> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB1FFCFFF5C6AE63D3CFA76" blockId="6.[151,1437,1196,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFF5C6AE638CDFB72" bold="true" box="[199,437,1196,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nontype specimens.</emphasis> +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB1FFCFFE266AE63D16FB72" box="[445,1134,1196,1223]" collectionCode="NCIP" 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collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum"> +A +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB1FFCFFEDF6BBA38A4F9BF" box="[324,476,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2075999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1207.6"> +1207, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB1FFCFFE106BBA38A4F9BF" box="[395,476,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity> +</quantity> +</specimenCode> +SL, CSIRO A +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB1FFCFFD1C6BBA3A66F9BF" box="[647,798,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23458" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1234.58"> +1234, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB1FFCFFD556BBA3A66F9BF" box="[718,798,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity> +</quantity> +SL, CSIRO A +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB1FFCFFC516BBA3D19F9BF" box="[970,1121,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23559" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1235.59"> +1235, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB1FFCFFB8A6BBA3D19F9BF" box="[1041,1121,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity> +</quantity> +SL, +<location id="8EC56005FFB1FFCFFB036BBA382EF99A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFB3FFC3FF0C6DA33AD7F86D:8EC56005FFB1FFCFFB036BBA382EF99A" country="Australia" latitude="-20.466667" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="148.7" municipality="Proserpine River" name="Repulse Bay, mouth of Proserpine River" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Queensland">Repulse Bay, mouth of Proserpine River</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB1FFCFFEFA685E3890F99A" box="[353,488,1556,1582]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB1FFCFFE69685E3B21F99A" box="[498,601,1556,1582]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB1FFCFFDF3685F3BBCF984" box="[616,708,1557,1584]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-20.466667">20°28′S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB1FFCFFD54685F3A45F984" box="[719,829,1557,1584]" degrees="148" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="148.7">148°42′E</geoCoordinate> +) +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFB1FFCEFF5C68723867FF61" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB1FFCEFF5C68723867FF61" blockId="6.[151,1437,1196,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1761]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFF5C6872383AF9E6" bold="true" box="[199,322,1592,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +A species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB1FFCFFE4E68723B23F9E6" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[469,603,1592,1618]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB1FFCFFE4E68723B23F9E6" box="[469,603,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with the following combination of characters: 1UGR 14–17 (modally 16), 1LGR 21–23 (22), 1TGR 35–39 (39); 2UGR 10–12 (11), 2LGR 18–21 (20), 2TGR 28–33 (31); 3UGR 8–10 (9), 3LGR 10–12 (11), 3TGR 18–22 (20); 4UGR 7–9 (8), 4LGR 9–10 (9), 4TGR 16–19 (17); prepelvic scutes 3–6 (4, 5); scale rows in longitudinal series 35–38 (36); transverse scales 8; pseudobranchial filaments 20–27 (24); vertebrae 42–43 (42); paired dark patches on parietal and occipital regions; paired dark lines on left and right on dorsum from occipital region to dorsal-fin origin but absent behind dorsal-fin base; no black spots on suborbital area and tip of lower jaw; predorsal scute absent; no spine on pelvic scute; posterior margin of preopercle rounded, not indented; maxilla comparatively short, 16.7–18.3% of SL (mean 17.7%), its posterior tip slightly short of or slightly beyond posterior margin of preopercle; lower jaw comparatively short, 14.3–15.3% of SL (14.8%); head comparatively short, 22.0–24.0% of SL (23.1%); postorbital length comparatively short, 11.5–12.4% of SL (12.0%); short dorsal-fin base, 12.6–14.8% of SL (14.0%); short anal-fin base, 16.0–17.8% of SL (16.9%); caudal peduncle long, 21.9– 23.7% of SL (22.8%); pelvic fin short, 8.3–9.0% of SL (8.6%), posteriorly not reaching to vertical through dorsal-fin origin when depressed; anal-fin origin located below ninth to twelfth dorsal-fin ray origin; no melanophores on pectoral fin. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFB0FFC0FF5C6E943BEBFED5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB0FFCEFF5C6E943A32FACD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB0FFCEFF5C6E943821FF4C" bold="true" box="[199,345,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis> +Body elongated, subcylindrical, deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile gently elevated from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, thereafter, gradually decreasing to dorsal contour of central part of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently descending from tip of lower jaw to insertion of pelvic fin, thereafter nearly straight (parallel to body axis) to origin of anal fin, subsequently ascending along anal-fin base. Ventral contour of caudal peduncle nearly straight and parallel to body axis. Abdomen rounded, covered with three to six prepelvic scutes. Prepelvic scutes spine-like, retrorse, hard. No scutes on abdomen posterior to pelvic scute. No spine on pelvic scute. Predorsal scute absent. Snout projecting, rounded, positioned lower than upper margin of eye. Orbit elliptical, entirely covered with eyelid. Eye longer than snout, positioned above pectoral-fin insertion. Iris round. Interorbital space flat, narrower than eye diameter. Nostrils paired, positioned close to each other, just anterior to orbit. Mouth large, inferior, almost parallel to body axis, extending backward to posterior margin of orbit. Maxilla rather long, extending posteriorly almost to or slightly beyond posterior margin of preopercle. Lower jaw slender. Mandibular joint located posterior to posterior margin of eye. Uniserial small conical teeth on both jaws. Single (partly biserial) rows of conical teeth on palatines. Several conical teeth present on vomer. Teeth patch formed by fine, densely packed teeth present on pterygoids. Several rows of conical teeth on upper edges of basihyal. Dorsal surface of hyoid arch entirely smooth, but small rough teeth present in parts. Posterior margins of preopercle, subopercle, and opercle rounded (not indented), smooth, without serrations. Pseudobranchial filaments present on inner side of opercle and exposed, not covered with skin (visible without dissection); length of longest filament less than eye diameter. Gill arch four pairs, gill rakers present on anterior surfaces of all gill arches and posterior surface of third gill arch. Gill rakers slender, rough, visible from side of head when mouth open. Gill filaments present on all gill arches. Isthmus muscle long, anteriorly reaching to posterior margin of gill membranes. Urohyal embedded in isthmus muscle, not visible without dissection. Gill membranes on both sides joined distally, most of isthmus muscle exposed (not covered by gill membrane). Branchiostegal rays elongated, entirely covered with gill membrane. Anus situated just before anal-fin origin. Pectoral fin triangular, posterior tip pointed, dorsal, posterior, and ventral margins almost straight; fin insertion slightly posterior to posterior margin of opercle, lower than snout tip; posterior tip not reaching to pelvic-fin insertion; uppermost ray unbranched, others branched. Pelvic fin almost triangular, outer contours almost straight; posterior tip of depressed fin not reaching to vertical through dorsal-fin origin; anteriormost fin ray unbranched, others branched. Dorsal fin nearly triangular, anterior and dorsal profile nearly straight; fin origin located slightly anterior to middle of body; anterior three fin rays unbranched, others branched; first ray tiny. Anal-fin origin located just below 9th to 12th dorsal-fin ray origin; anterior three fin rays unbranched, others branched; first ray tiny; posterior tip of depressed fin not reaching to caudal-fin base. Caudal fin forked, posterior tips of both lobes pointed; anterior and posterior margins of both lobes nearly straight. Head without scales. Fins scaleless, except for broad triangular sheath of scales on caudal fin and elongated sheath of scales on bases of dorsal and anal fins. Body scales completely lost, except for prepelvic scutes. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB0FFCEFF5C6BC9381FF955" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB0FFCEFF5C6BC93B61FA28" box="[199,537,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coloration of fresh specimens</emphasis> +. Based on CSIRO H 8834-01 and CSIRO H 8838-01 frozen for six years before photography ( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFB0FFCEFEA26BED38C6FA75" box="[313,446,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,205,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[200,1387,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fresh specimens (frozen for 6 years before imaging) of Stolephorus grandis from Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea [(A) lateral and (B) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8834-01, 106.1 mm SL; (C) lateral and (D) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8838-01, 113.5 mm SL] and preserved specimens (E: lateral view of NCIP 3751, 107.0 mm SL, eastern Indonesia; F: dorsal view of head of KAUM–I. 156158, paratype, 82.6 mm SL, Van Diemen Gulf, Northern Territory, Australia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611414/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation> +). Body milky-white, silver longitudinal band (width subequal or narrower than eye diameter) running through middle part of body from cleithrum to caudal-fin base. Silver band with narrow black margin dorsally. Cheek, opercle, and pectoral-fin axillary scale silver. Snout, maxilla, and pelvic-fin axillary scale transparent. Melanophores densely scattered on snout tip, dorsal margin of gill opening, anal-fin base, middle of caudal-fin base, and dorsal surface of caudal peduncle. Pairs of dark patches on parietal and occipital regions. Paired dark lines on dorsum anterior to dorsal fin, but not posterior to dorsal fin. Posterior margins of scale pockets above silver longitudinal line black. Melanophores scattered along fin rays of dorsal and caudal fins. No melanophores on anterior part of lower margin of caudal fin. Pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins translucent, without melanophores. Iris silver, pupil black. +</paragraph> +<caption id="DF656656FFBFFFC1FF0C693C3D9AF84E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14611414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611414/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,1910,1934]" targetBox="[200,1387,205,1886]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBFFFC1FF0C693C3D9AF84E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1910,2043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBFFFC1FF0C693C386EF83A" bold="true" box="[151,278,1910,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 2.</emphasis> +Fresh specimens (frozen for 6 years before imaging) of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBFFFC1FCF5693C3D46F83A" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[878,1086,1910,1934]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBFFFC1FCF5693C3D46F83A" box="[878,1086,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea [(A) lateral and (B) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8834-01, 106.1 mm SL; (C) lateral and (D) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8838-01, 113.5 mm SL] and preserved specimens (E: lateral view of NCIP 3751, 107.0 mm SL, eastern Indonesia; F: dorsal view of head of KAUM–I. 156158, paratype, 82.6 mm SL, Van Diemen Gulf, Northern Territory, Australia). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBEFFC0FF5C6EDD3BEBFED5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FF5C6EDD3B23FF04" box="[199,603,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Coloration of preserved specimens.</emphasis> +Body uniformly pale, longitudinal band brownish (sometimes remaining silver) and dorsal margin black. Melanophores scattered on lateral surface of head (upper margin of gill opening and snout tip). Pairs of dark patches on parietal and occipital regions. Paired dark lines on dorsum anterior to dorsal fin, but not posterior to dorsal fin. No melanophores on suborbital area. Melanophores scattered along fin rays of dorsal and caudal fins. No melanophores on pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins, and anterior part of lower margin of caudal fin. Scale pockets on dorsum with black margins. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFBEFFC0FF5C6F20384CFE78" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBEFFC0FF5C6F20384CFE78" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FF5C6F203819FE30" bold="true" box="[199,353,362,388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FEF76F203B2BFE30" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[364,595,362,388]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FEF76F203B2BFE30" box="[364,595,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distributed along the south coast of New +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFBEFFC0FBF26F203DC2FE30" box="[1129,1210,362,388]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guinea</collectingCountry> +and north coast of +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFBEFFC0FF0C6FC43986FE1C" box="[151,254,398,424]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry> +(from Van Diemen Gulf, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFBEFFC0FD856FC43B95FE1C" box="[542,749,398,424]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Northern Territory</collectingRegion> +to Repulse Bay, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFBEFFC0FC306FC43D49FE1C" box="[939,1073,398,424]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Queensland</collectingRegion> +) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FBDC6FC43C11FE1C" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[1095,1385,398,424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura 2021b</bibRefCitation> +; this study: +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFBEFFC0FF786FF8385EFE78" box="[227,294,434,460]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,521,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[151,1436,484,1365]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distributional records of Stolephorus grandis (red circles) and S. waitei (blue triangles), based on specimens examined in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611416/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<caption id="DF656656FFBEFFC0FF0C6B2738FAFA1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14611416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611416/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1389,1413]" targetBox="[193,1403,521,1348]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBEFFC0FF0C6B2738FAFA1D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1389,1449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FF0C6B27386EFA31" bold="true" box="[151,278,1389,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 3.</emphasis> +Distributional records of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FDB16B273B82FA31" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[554,762,1389,1413]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FDB16B273B82FA31" box="[554,762,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(red circles) and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FC216B273D6DFA31" box="[954,1045,1389,1413]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FC216B273D6DFA31" box="[954,1045,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(blue triangles), based on specimens examined in this study. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFBEFFC3FF5C6BA73AD7F86D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBEFFC0FF5C6BA73A5AF84C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1517,2041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FF5C6BA73843F9B3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1517,1543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FED96BA73B5DF9B3" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[322,549,1517,1543]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FED96BA73B5DF9B3" box="[322,549,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was described by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FD686BA43D5AF9B3" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[755,1058,1517,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura (2021b)</bibRefCitation> +based on ten specimens collected from only three localities, Merauke (New +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFBEFFC0FDFC685B3BC4F99F" box="[615,700,1553,1579]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guinea</collectingCountry> +), Cairns (Queensland), and Van Diemen Gulf (Northern Territory). Eleven additional specimens confirmed in this study suggest that the species may be distributed along the entire southern coast of New +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFBEFFC0FE386812388CF9C6" box="[419,500,1624,1650]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guinea</collectingCountry> +and northern coast of +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFBEFFC0FD6268123A18F9C6" box="[761,864,1624,1650]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFBEFFC0FCE968123AC1F9C6" box="[882,953,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,521,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[151,1436,484,1365]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distributional records of Stolephorus grandis (red circles) and S. waitei (blue triangles), based on specimens examined in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611416/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FC4B68123C7EF9C6" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[976,1286,1624,1650]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura (2021b)</bibRefCitation> +compared +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FA1C68123995F921" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FA1C68123995F921" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with three species with double black lines on dorsum, long maxilla with posterior tip just reaching or reaching slightly beyond the posterior margin of the preopercle, and lacking predorsal scute ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FB3B68D53B64F968" authority="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura, 2021" authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mercurius"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FB3B68D53CE5F90C" box="[1184,1437,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stolephorus mercurius</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FF0C68893B64F968" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[151,540,1730,1757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="327 - 372" refId="ref13158" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2021) Taxonomic status of nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus previously regarded as synonyms of Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepede 1803 and Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt 1823), and descriptions of three new species (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 68 (3), 327 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 020 - 00792 - 0" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata, Lavoué & Motomura, 2021</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FDB168883D4EF968" authority="Wongratana, 1987" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[554,1078,1730,1757]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multibranchus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FDB168883A23F968" box="[554,859,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stolephorus multibranchus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FCFF68893D4EF968" author="Wongratana, T." box="[868,1078,1730,1757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref15706" refString="Wongratana, T. (1987) Two new species of anchovies of the genus Stolephorus (Engraulidae), with a key to species of Engraulis, Encrasicholina, and Stolephorus. American Museum Novitates, 2876, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1987">Wongratana, 1987</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FBED68883C51F968" box="[1142,1321,1730,1756]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FBED68883C51F968" box="[1142,1321,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stolephorus rex</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FAA968883865F94B" author="Jordan, D. S. & Seale, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="355 - 418" refId="ref14514" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Seale, A. (1926) Review of the Engraulidae, with descriptions of new and rare species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 67 (11), 355 - 418." type="journal article" year="1926"> +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFBEFFC0FAA968883C05F968" box="[1330,1405,1730,1756]" name="Jordan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jordan</collectingCountry> +& Seale, 1926 +</bibRefCitation> +), showing that +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FE5E68AC3B4EF94B" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[453,566,1765,1792]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FE5E68AC3B4EF94B" box="[453,566,1765,1792]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can be distinguished from the other three by having fewer gill rakers (1TGR ≤ +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBEFFC0FF0C694339A8F897" box="[151,208,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.906" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="39.0">39 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FF4C69433831F897" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[215,329,1801,1827]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FF4C69433831F897" box="[215,329,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +vs. 1TGR ≥ +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBEFFC0FE4169433B6BF897" box="[474,531,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.906" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="39.0">39 in</quantity> +the other three), more vertebrae (42 or 43 vs. 40 or less), longer caudal peduncle (longer than 21.9% of SL vs. shorter than 20.8%), and posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin not reaching to vertical through dorsal-fin origin (vs. beyond vertical through dorsal-fin origin). In this study, these characters showed very similar values to those in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FE68693E3A5BF839" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[499,803,1907,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura (2021b)</bibRefCitation> +and remain diagnostic. Furthermore, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBEFFC0FB57693E3988F805" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura (2021b)</bibRefCitation> +showed several characters such as lengths of head, postorbital length, maxilla, mandible, pelvic fin, dorsal-fin base, and anal-fin base also can separate +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBEFFC0FD0D69F13A72F860" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[662,778,1978,2005]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBEFFC0FD0D69F13A72F860" box="[662,778,1978,2005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and at least one of the other three species; the diagnostic value of these characters was also confirmed in this study. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBDFFC3FF5C6EDD3C08FEA9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FF5C6EDD38D1FF05" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,425,151,177]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FF5C6EDD38D1FF05" box="[199,425,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FE456EDD3B46FF04" box="[478,574,151,177]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FE456EDD3B46FF04" box="[478,574,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see below) are divergent from each other by an uncorrected genetic distance of 10.3%. These two species differ from the other 22 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC1D6EF13D74FF61" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[902,1036,187,213]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC1D6EF13D74FF61" box="[902,1036,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +examined in this study by genetic distances> 10.6%. These COI-based genetic distances, significantly above the commonly accepted intra- versus interspecific threshold of 2–3% ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FD9D6F493BAEFEA9" author="Hebert, P. D. N. & Ratnasingham, S. & deWaard J. R." box="[518,726,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref14444" refString="Hebert, P. D. N., Ratnasingham, S. & deWaard J. R. (2003) Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270, S 96 - S 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2003.0025" type="journal volume" year="2003"> +Hebert +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FDC06F493BEBFEA9" box="[603,659,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +2003 +</bibRefCitation> +), support the respective validity of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FBFA6F493DB0FEA9" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[1121,1224,259,285]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandi"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FBFA6F493DB0FEA9" box="[1121,1224,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +s and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FA926F493C11FEA8" box="[1289,1385,259,285]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FA926F493C11FEA8" box="[1289,1385,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBDFFC3FF5C6F6D3DBDFC35" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +The ML phylogenetic tree ( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFBDFFC3FE6C6F6D3B42FEF5" box="[503,570,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1408,1432]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,921,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[151,1436,921,1385]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fresh specimen (frozen for 19 years before imaging) of Stolephorus nelsoni from Queensland, Australia (CSIRO H 6548-11, 72.7 mm SL)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611418/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation> +) presents the relationships among 24 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FBCB6F6D3DAEFEF5" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[1104,1238,295,321]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FBCB6F6D3DAEFEF5" box="[1104,1238,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, including for the first time +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FE9B6F013808FED1" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[256,368,331,357]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FE9B6F013808FED1" box="[256,368,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FE396F013B78FED0" box="[418,512,331,357]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FE396F013B78FED0" box="[418,512,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Overall, the topology of this tree is similar to the most comprehensive phylogenetic tree published so far in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FE366F253BF0FE3D" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[429,648,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13402" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2022 c) A new species of the Bengal Spined Anchovy Stolephorus from the eastern Indian Ocean and redescription of Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983, with comments on the evolution of prepelvic scute numbers within Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Zoological Studies, 61, 58. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2022.61 - 58" type="journal volume" year="2022"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FE776F253B5FFE3D" box="[492,551,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +(2022c) +</bibRefCitation> +with incongruences limited to a few deep relationships, such as the relative positions of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FE136FD93B0DFE19" box="[392,629,403,429]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holodon"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FE136FD93B0DFE19" box="[392,629,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus holodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FD396FD93ABCFE19" box="[674,964,403,429]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="continentalis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD396FD93ABCFE19" box="[674,964,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus continentalis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC436FD93DA0FE18" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[984,1240,403,429]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oceanicus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC436FD93DA0FE18" box="[984,1240,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus oceanicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FA8D6FD93830FE65" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1983" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephalus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FA8D6FD93830FE65" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus brachycephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +examined in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FE476FFD3BD3FE65" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[476,683,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13402" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2022 c) A new species of the Bengal Spined Anchovy Stolephorus from the eastern Indian Ocean and redescription of Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983, with comments on the evolution of prepelvic scute numbers within Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Zoological Studies, 61, 58. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2022.61 - 58" type="journal volume" year="2022"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD8C6FFD3B36FE65" box="[535,590,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +[2022c] +</bibRefCitation> +are not included in our analysis because there are no COI sequences available for these two species). The topological differences between our tree and the tree of +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FB5E6F913CE4FE41" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[1221,1436,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13402" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2022 c) A new species of the Bengal Spined Anchovy Stolephorus from the eastern Indian Ocean and redescription of Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983, with comments on the evolution of prepelvic scute numbers within Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Zoological Studies, 61, 58. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2022.61 - 58" type="journal volume" year="2022"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FA996F913C45FE41" box="[1282,1341,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +(2022c) +</bibRefCitation> +are the consequence of the use of only the “barcode” fragment of the COI gene to reconstruct our phylogenetic tree whereas +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FF606C6938A8FD89" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[251,464,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13402" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2022 c) A new species of the Bengal Spined Anchovy Stolephorus from the eastern Indian Ocean and redescription of Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983, with comments on the evolution of prepelvic scute numbers within Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Zoological Studies, 61, 58. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2022.61 - 58" type="journal volume" year="2022"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FEA36C693809FD89" box="[312,369,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +(2022c) +</bibRefCitation> +combined this fragment and the cytochrome +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC486C693A99FD89" box="[979,993,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis> +gene to infer their tree. Using only the COI gene is informative to test the taxonomic validity of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC816C0D3A02FDD4" box="[794,890,583,609]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC816C0D3A02FDD4" box="[794,890,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC2A6C0D3D5CFDD5" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[945,1060,583,609]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC2A6C0D3D5CFDD5" box="[945,1060,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +but it provides insufficient signal to reliably resolve relationships among the main lineages of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FCD66C213AABFD31" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[845,979,619,645]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FCD66C213AABFD31" box="[845,979,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. However, we note that despite the few topological differences observed, the overall hypothesis of +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FCBE6CC53A8BFD1D" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[805,1011,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13402" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2022 c) A new species of the Bengal Spined Anchovy Stolephorus from the eastern Indian Ocean and redescription of Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983, with comments on the evolution of prepelvic scute numbers within Stolephorus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Zoological Studies, 61, 58. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2022.61 - 58" type="journal volume" year="2022"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FCC46CC53AEFFD1D" box="[863,919,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis> +(2022c) +</bibRefCitation> +regarding the evolution of the number of prepelvic scutes in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FE126CF93B77FD79" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[393,527,691,717]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FE126CF93B77FD79" box="[393,527,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is not modified: the ancestral condition in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC7C6CF93D15FD79" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[999,1133,691,717]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC7C6CF93D15FD79" box="[999,1133,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is six prepelvic scutes with later two reductions, from 6 to 5 prepelvic scutes then from 5 to 4. The number of prepelvic scutes in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FA9F6C9D3C0DFD45" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[1284,1397,727,753]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FA9F6C9D3C0DFD45" box="[1284,1397,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(4) and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FF5C6CB1385FFCA0" box="[199,295,763,789]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FF5C6CB1385FFCA0" box="[199,295,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(6) appear to represent two cases of homoplastic changes in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC4A6CB13D2FFCA1" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[977,1111,763,789]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC4A6CB13D2FFCA1" box="[977,1111,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +: independent reduction from 5 to +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBDFFC3FF536D55398BFC8D" box="[200,243,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FF626D553813FC8D" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[249,363,799,825]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FF626D553813FC8D" box="[249,363,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and secondary reversion from +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBDFFC3FD5E6D543A58FC8D" box="[709,800,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 6 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FCBC6D553AFEFC8C" box="[807,902,799,825]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FCBC6D553AFEFC8C" box="[807,902,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Overall, there is an evolutionary trend towards reduction in the number of prepelvic scutes in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FD036D093A66FCE9" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[664,798,835,861]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD036D093A66FCE9" box="[664,798,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, although variation among closely related species occurs, such as among the three Australian-New Guinean species ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FCB06D2D3AE5FC35" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[811,925,871,897]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FCB06D2D3AE5FC35" box="[811,925,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC316D2D3D6FFC35" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[938,1047,871,897]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC316D2D3D6FFC35" box="[938,1047,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FBCF6D2D3DCCFC34" box="[1108,1204,871,897]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FBCF6D2D3DCCFC34" box="[1108,1204,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="DF656656FFBDFFC3FF0C6BCA38E5FA09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14611418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611418/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1408,1432]" targetBox="[151,1436,921,1385]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBDFFC3FF0C6BCA38E5FA09" blockId="10.[151,1436,1408,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FF0C6BCA386CFA2C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1408,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 4.</emphasis> +Fresh specimen (frozen for 19 years before imaging) of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FCC26BCA3D5AFA2C" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[857,1058,1408,1432]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FCC26BCA3D5AFA2C" box="[857,1058,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stolephorus nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from Queensland, Australia (CSIRO H 6548-11, 72.7 mm SL). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBDFFC3FF5C68453CEFF90D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1551,2009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +In the phylogeny shown in +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFBDFFC3FE6468453B3BF99D" box="[511,579,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1408,1432]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,921,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-414@10.[151,1436,921,1385]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fresh specimen (frozen for 19 years before imaging) of Stolephorus nelsoni from Queensland, Australia (CSIRO H 6548-11, 72.7 mm SL)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611418/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FDCB68453BC1F99D" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[592,697,1551,1577]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandi"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FDCB68453BC1F99D" box="[592,697,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +s is more closely related to two Australian-New Guinean species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FF0C6879387FF9F9" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,263,1587,1613]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FF0C6879387FF9F9" box="[151,263,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FEDF687938D0F9F8" box="[324,424,1587,1613]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FEDF687938D0F9F8" box="[324,424,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, than to +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FD8F68793BDCF9F8" authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[532,676,1587,1613]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mercurius"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD8F68793BDCF9F8" box="[532,676,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. mercurius</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FD7A68793A5BF9F8" box="[737,803,1587,1613]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD7A68793A5BF9F8" box="[737,803,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. rex</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, two species that are more similar in morphology and color ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FF7A681D3B72F9C5" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[225,522,1623,1649]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura 2021b</bibRefCitation> +). These three species ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC94681D3AFBF9C5" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[783,899,1623,1649]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC94681D3AFBF9C5" box="[783,899,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FC09681D3D79F9C5" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[914,1025,1623,1649]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FC09681D3D79F9C5" box="[914,1025,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FBD8681D3DDDF9C4" box="[1091,1189,1623,1649]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FBD8681D3DDDF9C4" box="[1091,1189,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) are morphologically diverse in features such as maxilla length, coloration, vertebral count, and the condition of teeth on the hyoid arch. Morphological differences between +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FDB768D53BE6F90D" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[556,670,1695,1721]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FDB768D53BE6F90D" box="[556,670,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FD4F68D53A4CF90C" box="[724,820,1695,1721]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD4F68D53A4CF90C" box="[724,820,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are discussed under the Remarks section for +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FAB468D53CF7F90C" box="[1327,1423,1695,1721]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FAB468D53CF7F90C" box="[1327,1423,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBDFFC3FF5C68893D30F891" blockId="10.[151,1437,1551,2009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +Because fresh coloration of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FD9C68893B03F969" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[519,635,1731,1757]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD9C68893B03F969" box="[519,635,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was previously unknown ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FC3568893DACF969" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[942,1236,1731,1757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura 2021b</bibRefCitation> +), this study is the first to report on the fresh coloration. Dark paired lines on dorsum, shown as diagnostic characters of the species by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFBDFFC3FF0C694138B0F891" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[151,456,1803,1829]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura (2021b)</bibRefCitation> +, are clearly distinct in the fresh specimens ( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFBDFFC3FC2969413D44F891" box="[946,1084,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,205,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[200,1387,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fresh specimens (frozen for 6 years before imaging) of Stolephorus grandis from Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea [(A) lateral and (B) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8834-01, 106.1 mm SL; (C) lateral and (D) dorsal views of CSIRO H 8838-01, 113.5 mm SL] and preserved specimens (E: lateral view of NCIP 3751, 107.0 mm SL, eastern Indonesia; F: dorsal view of head of KAUM–I. 156158, paratype, 82.6 mm SL, Van Diemen Gulf, Northern Territory, Australia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611414/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2B, 2D</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFBDFFC3FF5C69653AD7F86D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1551,2009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +No information on biology and habitat of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBDFFC3FD3669653A59F8FD" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[685,801,1839,1865]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBDFFC3FD3669653A59F8FD" box="[685,801,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has previously been reported. Based on available data, specimens examined were collected from waters shallower than +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBDFFC3FCEE69193AC8F8D9" box="[885,944,1875,1901]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity> +depth, and some specimens were collected from the estuaries of rivers flowing into the +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFBDFFC3FD19693D3BCDF825" box="[642,693,1911,1937]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gulf</collectingRegion> +of +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFBDFFC3FD42693D3A65F825" box="[729,797,1911,1937]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Papua</collectingRegion> +or the +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFBDFFC3FCF0693D3A97F825" box="[875,1007,1911,1937]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Queensland</collectingRegion> +coast. Furthermore, specimens of QM I.27596 were caught using a seine net when they were schooling in murky shallow waters at a depth of approx. +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBDFFC3FF0C69F4398BF86D" box="[151,243,1982,2009]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="0.75" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.0">0–1.5 m</quantity> +in an inner bay where a river flows (J. Johnson, pers. comm.). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B3/87/03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1.xml b/data/03/B3/87/03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dcc555d09b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B3/87/03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1458 @@ +<document id="4C5A8C8B7B5C3BB8FA83AFAAB75DA9BC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5538.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14611408" ID-ZooBank="2F55DDAA-6E37-45FE-A83C-12EE42A582BF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1736286578844" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hata, Harutaka, Wibowo, Kunto, Lavoué, Sébastien, Pogonoski, John J., Appleyard, Sharon A. & Motomura, Hiroyuki" docDate="2024" docId="03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5538.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5538 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stolephorus waitei" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF8AFFB0FFB7FFC9FF9B6E4A3978FFB4" masterDocTitle="Enhanced data on Stolephorus grandis and Stolephorus waitei (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae), two species endemic to the Sahul Shelf, western Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1736363967616" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED"> +<mods:mods id="EDD371E8397CC8603B26EF747C64A7B1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="59FABB3114544B1274539E5AB11DAE30"> +<mods:title id="C1B267522EF90AE7AACA38855706090B">Enhanced data on Stolephorus grandis and Stolephorus waitei (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae), two species endemic to the Sahul Shelf, western Pacific Ocean</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="4CAECDFF6A9948BAD17C5E22AE8DD036" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D5C45669BBB908E01610BBF8599D30D9"> +<mods:roleTerm id="0A7F580076D91917102DB4D6721C282B">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B51FE1A83C0D71309BE6C2BFF1F71A1F">Hata, Harutaka</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="EC70A2CCD752BDEF1FD0BA091C943314">Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919 - 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Fresh specimens (frozen for 19 years before imaging) of Stolephorus waitei from Queensland,Australia (A: CSIRO H 6715-03, 105.0 mm SL, B: CSIRO H 7023-05, 63.2 mm SL) and preserved specimen [lateral (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views of NTM S.12989-004, 118.5 mm SL, Northern Territory, Australia]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611420/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 5</figureCitation> +; +<tableCitation id="C6980365FFBBFFC5FE9F6B523819FA86" box="[260,353,1304,1330]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristics of specimens of Stolephorus grandis and S. waitei." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tables 1</tableCitation> +, +<tableCitation id="C6980365FFBBFFC5FEF46B523805FA86" box="[367,381,1304,1330]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1496,1520]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. 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(2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). 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collectionCode="NTM" latitude="-10.3" location="Marchinbar Island" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="136.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="NTM S.11898-014" specimenCount="14" stateProvince="Queensland"> +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFBBFFC5FC7869393DC3F839" box="[995,1211,1907,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NTM S.11898-014</specimenCode> +, 4 of +<specimenCount id="9D1CFD57FFBBFFC5FB6769393CE0F839" box="[1276,1432,1907,1933]" count="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount> +, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBBFFC5FF0C69DD3830F805" box="[151,328,1943,1969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0415" metricValueMax="1.087" metricValueMin="0.9959999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="104.15" valueMax="108.7" valueMin="99.6">99.6–108.7 mm</quantity> +SL, approx. +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBBFFC5FE4369DC3B66F805" box="[472,542,1942,1969]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" 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S.12989-004</specimenCode> +, +<specimenCount id="9D1CFD57FFBBFFC5FA9269F13CE1F861" box="[1289,1433,1979,2005]" count="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount> +, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFBBFFC5FF0C6995382DF84D" box="[151,341,2015,2041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2334999999999998" metricValueMax="1.2959999999999998" metricValueMin="1.1709999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="123.35" valueMax="129.6" valueMin="117.1">117.1–129.6 mm</quantity> +SL, +<location id="8EC56005FFBBFFC5FE1169953B1DF84D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1:8EC56005FFBBFFC5FE1169953B1DF84D" box="[394,613,2015,2041]" latitude="-11.067" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="131.667" name="North of Cape Don" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Northern Territory">North of Cape Don</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFBBFFC5FDEB69953A46F84D" box="[624,830,2015,2041]" country="Australia" name="Northern 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blockId="13.[151,1437,1813,1909]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBAFFC4FF0C695F386AF899" bold="true" box="[151,274,1813,1837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 5.</emphasis> +Fresh specimens (frozen for 19 years before imaging) of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFBAFFC4FCD4695F3D73F899" box="[847,1035,1813,1837]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFBAFFC4FCD4695F3D73F899" box="[847,1035,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Stolephorus waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from Queensland, Australia (A: CSIRO H 6715-03, 105.0 mm SL, B: CSIRO H 7023-05, 63.2 mm SL) and preserved specimen [lateral (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views of NTM S.12989-004, 118.5 mm SL, Northern Territory, Australia]. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="DF656656FFB9FFC7FF0C69DD38B9F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14611422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611422/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[510,1086,186,1911]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB9FFC7FF0C69DD38B9F84C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB9FFC7FF0C69DD386AF81B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 6.</emphasis> +Total gill-raker numbers on ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB9FFC7FDA269DD3B33F81B" bold="true" box="[569,587,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis> +) first gill arch (1TGR), ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB9FFC7FCDE69D23A2EF804" bold="true" box="[837,854,1944,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis> +) second gill arch (2TGR), ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB9FFC7FBF669DD3D07F81B" bold="true" box="[1133,1151,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis> +) third 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Carpentaria" name="Weipa, Gulf of Carpentaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Queensland">Weipa, Gulf of Carpentaria</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB8FFC6FB3A6F913C50FE41" box="[1185,1320,475,501]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB8FFC6FAAD6F913CE5FE41" box="[1334,1437,475,501]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FF046C4A385CFDAF" box="[159,292,512,539]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-12.485001">12°29′06″S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FEAF6C4A38B0FDAF" box="[308,456,512,539]" degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="36" value="141.52666">141°31′36″E</geoCoordinate> +), +<elevation id="0037D1EDFFB8FFC6FE7A6FB53B16FDAD" box="[481,622,511,537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="18.0"> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FE7A6FB53B58FDAD" box="[481,544,511,537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity> +depth +</elevation> +</materialsCitation> +; +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB8FFC6FDE56FB53B82FD89" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" elevation="14" latitude="-24.438166" location="Bundaberg" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="152.075" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="H 6548-10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland"> +<collectionCode id="ED0BAE1BFFB8FFC6FDE56FB53BA8FDAD" box="[638,720,511,537]" collectionName="Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode> +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFB8FFC6FD466FB53A25FDAD" box="[733,861,510,537]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">H 6548-10</specimenCode> +, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FCF46FB53AA0FDAD" box="[879,984,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="72.7">72.7 mm</quantity> +SL, north of +<location id="8EC56005FFB8FFC6FB186FB53C78FDAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1:8EC56005FFB8FFC6FB186FB53C78FDAD" box="[1155,1280,511,537]" country="Australia" latitude="-24.438166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="152.075" name="Bundaberg" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Queensland">Bundaberg</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB8FFC6FA8A6FB53CE0FDAD" box="[1297,1432,511,537]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB8FFC6FF0C6C693986FD89" box="[151,254,547,573]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FE946C6E38D0FD8B" box="[271,424,548,575]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="17.4" value="-24.438166">24°26′17.4″S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FE2D6C6E3B27FD8B" box="[438,607,548,575]" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="30.0" value="152.075">152°04′30.0″E</geoCoordinate> +), +<elevation id="0037D1EDFFB8FFC6FDEF6C693B82FD89" box="[628,762,547,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="14.0"> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FDEF6C693BD7FD89" box="[628,687,547,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity> +depth +</elevation> +</materialsCitation> +; +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB8FFC6FC9C6C693AC2FDD5" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" elevation="13" latitude="-23.325167" location="Keppel Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="150.91632" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="H 6715-04" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Queensland"> +<collectionCode id="ED0BAE1BFFB8FFC6FC9C6C693A21FD89" box="[775,857,547,573]" collectionName="Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode> +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFB8FFC6FCF86C693A98FD89" box="[867,992,546,573]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">H 6715-04</specimenCode> +, +<specimenCount id="9D1CFD57FFB8FFC6FC766C693D04FD89" box="[1005,1148,547,573]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount> +, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FB126C693C6AFD89" box="[1161,1298,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="109.5" valueMax="122.0" valueMin="97.0">97–122 mm</quantity> +SL, +<location id="8EC56005FFB8FFC6FAD06C6939BDFDD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1:8EC56005FFB8FFC6FAD06C6939BDFDD5" country="Australia" latitude="-23.325167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="150.91632" name="Keppel Bay" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Queensland">Keppel Bay</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB8FFC6FF4B6C0D382FFDD5" box="[208,343,583,609]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB8FFC6FEFA6C0D38B0FDD5" box="[353,456,583,609]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FE4C6C023B08FDD7" box="[471,624,584,611]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="30.6" value="-23.325167">23°19′30.6″S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FDE76C023A5DFDD7" box="[636,805,584,611]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="58.8" value="150.91632">150°54′58.8″E</geoCoordinate> +), +<elevation id="0037D1EDFFB8FFC6FCA36C0D3AC2FDD5" box="[824,954,583,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="13.0"> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FCA36C0D3A09FDD5" box="[824,881,583,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity> +depth +</elevation> +</materialsCitation> +; +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB8FFC6FC5E6C0D3AB9FD31" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" elevation="9" latitude="-23.338667" location="Keppel Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="150.86317" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="H 6933-08" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland"> +<collectionCode id="ED0BAE1BFFB8FFC6FC5E6C0D3D6FFDD5" box="[965,1047,583,609]" collectionName="Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode> +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFB8FFC6FB856C0D3DE2FDD5" box="[1054,1178,583,609]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">H 6933-08</specimenCode> +, 110.0 mm SL, +<location id="8EC56005FFB8FFC6FAD06C0D39BDFD31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1:8EC56005FFB8FFC6FAD06C0D39BDFD31" country="Australia" latitude="-23.338667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="150.86317" name="Keppel Bay" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Queensland">Keppel Bay</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB8FFC6FF4F6C213823FD31" box="[212,347,619,645]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB8FFC6FEFC6C2138B6FD31" box="[359,462,619,645]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FE7B6C263B01FD33" box="[480,633,620,647]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="19.2" value="-23.338667">23°20′19.2″S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FD136C263A49FD33" box="[648,817,620,647]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="47.4" value="150.86317">150°51′47.4″E</geoCoordinate> +), +<elevation id="0037D1EDFFB8FFC6FCDC6C213AB9FD31" box="[839,961,619,645]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="9.0"> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FCDC6C213A0DFD31" box="[839,885,619,645]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity> +depth +</elevation> +</materialsCitation> +; +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB8FFC6FC546C213C45FD1D" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" elevation="8" latitude="-18.205667" location="Hinchinbrook Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.2665" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="H 7023-06" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Queensland"> +<collectionCode id="ED0BAE1BFFB8FFC6FC546C213D59FD31" box="[975,1057,619,645]" collectionName="Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode> +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFB8FFC6FBB76C213DD2FD31" box="[1068,1194,619,645]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">H 7023-06</specimenCode> +, +<specimenCount id="9D1CFD57FFB8FFC6FB236C213C30FD31" box="[1208,1352,619,645]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount> +, +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FACD6C2139BBFD1D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="64.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="60.0">60–68 mm</quantity> +SL, north of +<location id="8EC56005FFB8FFC6FEC46CC53B33FD1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1:8EC56005FFB8FFC6FEC46CC53B33FD1D" box="[351,587,655,681]" country="Australia" latitude="-18.205667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.2665" name="Hinchinbrook Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Queensland">Hinchinbrook Island</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFB8FFC6FDC36CC53BA7FD1D" box="[600,735,655,681]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB8FFC6FD716CC53A29FD1D" box="[746,849,655,681]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FCF96CDA3A83FD1F" box="[866,1019,656,683]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="20.4" value="-18.205667">18°12′20.4″S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FB936CDA3DC8FD1F" box="[1032,1200,656,683]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="59.4" value="146.2665">146°15′59.4″E</geoCoordinate> +), +<elevation id="0037D1EDFFB8FFC6FB5D6CC53C45FD1D" box="[1222,1341,655,681]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="8.0"> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FB5D6CC53D8BFD1D" box="[1222,1267,655,681]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity> +depth +</elevation> +</materialsCitation> +; +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFB8FFC6FAD16CC53B01FD45" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="20" latitude="-8.013" location="Cape Blackwood, Gulf of Papua" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="144.69133" municipality="Papua" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="H 8850-01" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf"> +<collectionCode id="ED0BAE1BFFB8FFC6FAD16CC53CE4FD1D" box="[1354,1436,655,681]" collectionName="Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode> +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFB8FFC6FF0C6CF9386BFD79" box="[151,275,690,717]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">H 8850-01</specimenCode> +(BW-A16960, FOAQ796-22), +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FDE66CF83BB7FD79" box="[637,719,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity> +SL, off +<location id="8EC56005FFB8FFC6FCAE6CF93DD7FD79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C8FFBBFFDBFF0C6A853AE5FCA1:8EC56005FFB8FFC6FCAE6CF93DD7FD79" box="[821,1199,691,717]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-8.013" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="144.69133" municipality="Papua" name="Cape Blackwood, Gulf of Papua" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Gulf">Cape Blackwood, Gulf of Papua</location> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFB8FFC6FB256CF93CE4FD79" box="[1214,1436,691,717]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FF046C923867FD47" box="[159,287,728,755]" degrees="08" direction="south" minutes="00.78" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="9" value="-8.013">08°00.78′S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFB8FFC6FEB16C9238C2FD47" box="[298,442,728,755]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="41.48" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="9" value="144.69133">144°41.48′E</geoCoordinate> +), +<elevation id="0037D1EDFFB8FFC6FE566C9D3B01FD45" box="[461,633,727,753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0"> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFB8FFC6FE566C9D3B48FD45" box="[461,560,727,753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19–21 m</quantity> +depth +</elevation> +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFB8FFC6FF5C6CB03D7EFB81" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB8FFC6FF5C6CB03D7EFB81" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB8FFC6FF5C6CB0383AFCA0" bold="true" box="[199,322,762,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +A species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFB8FFC6FE7E6CB13B13FCA1" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[485,619,763,789]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB8FFC6FE7E6CB13B13FCA1" box="[485,619,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with the following combination of characters: 1UGR 17–19 (modally 18), 1LGR 23–26 (24), 1TGR 41–44 (42); 2UGR 11–13 (13), 2LGR 21–23 (22), 2TGR 32–35 (35); 3UGR 9–12 (11), 3LGR 11–13 (12), 3TGR 21–25 (23); 4UGR 8–11 (9), 4LGR 9–11 (11), 4TGR 17–22 (20); prepelvic scutes 4–6 (6); scale rows in longitudinal series 36–41 (41); transverse scales 8; pseudobranchial filaments 24–36 (28); vertebrae 41; paired dark patches on parietal and occipital regions; no double lines on dorsum; a few black spots on suborbital area and tip of lower jaw; predorsal scute absent; no spine on pelvic scute; posterior margin of preopercle rounded, not indented; maxilla comparatively short, 17.9–20.4% of SL (mean 19.2%), its posterior tip not reaching to posterior margin of preopercle; lower jaw comparatively short, 15.1–17.5% of SL (16.6%); short anal-fin base 12.9–16.9% of SL (14.9%); long caudal peduncle, 20.3–23.4% of SL (21.8%). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFB8FFD9FF5C6A743834FC35" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFB8FFD9FF5C6A743DB1FED1" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFB8FFC6FF5C6A743821FBEC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1086,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis> +Body elongated, subcylindrical, deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile gently elevated from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, thereafter, gradually descending to dorsal contour of central part of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently descending from tip of lower jaw to insertion of pelvic fin, thereafter nearly straight (parallel to body axis) to origin of anal fin, subsequently ascending along anal-fin base. Ventral contour of caudal peduncle nearly straight and parallel to body axis. Abdomen rounded, covered with four to six prepelvic scutes. Prepelvic scutes spine-like, retrorse, hard. No scutes on abdomen posterior to pelvic scute. No spine on pelvic scute. Predorsal scute absent. Snout projecting, rounded, positioned lower than upper margin of eye. Orbit elliptical, entirely covered with eyelid. Eye longer than snout, positioned above pectoral-fin insertion. Iris round. Interorbital space flat, narrower than eye diameter. Nostrils positioned close to each other, just anterior to orbit. Mouth large, inferior, almost parallel to body axis, extending to posterior margin of orbit. Maxilla rather short, not reaching to posterior margin of preopercle. Lower jaw slender. Mandibular joint located posterior to posterior margin of eye. Uniserial small conical teeth on both jaws. Several rows of conical teeth on palatines. Several conical teeth present on vomer. Teeth patch formed by fine, densely packed teeth present on pterygoids. Several rows of conical teeth on upper edges of basihyal. Dorsal surface of hyoid arch entirely smooth. Posterior margins of preopercle, subopercle, and opercle rounded (not indented), smooth, without serrations. Pseudobranchial filaments present on inner side of opercle and exposed, not covered with skin (visible without dissection); length of longest filament less than eye diameter. Gill arch four pairs, gill rakers present on anterior surfaces of all gill arches and posterior surface of third gill arch. Gill rakers slender, rough, visible from side of head when mouth opened. Gill filaments present on all gill arches. Isthmus muscle long, anteriorly reaching to posterior margin of gill membranes. Urohyal embedded in isthmus muscle, not visible without dissection. Gill membranes on both sides joined distally, most of isthmus muscle exposed (not covered by gill membrane). Branchiostegal rays elongated, entirely covered with gill membrane. Anus situated just before anal-fin origin. Pectoral fin triangular, posterior tip pointed, dorsal, posterior, and ventral margins almost straight; fin insertion slightly posterior to posterior margin of opercle, lower than snout tip; posterior tip not reaching to pelvic-fin insertion; uppermost ray unbranched, others branched. Pelvic fin almost triangular, outer contours almost straight; posterior tip of depressed fin not reaching to vertical through dorsal-fin origin; anteriormost fin ray unbranched, others branched. Dorsal fin nearly triangular, anterior and dorsal profile nearly straight; fin origin located slightly anterior to middle of body; anterior three fin rays unbranched, others branched; first ray tiny. Anal-fin origin located just below 11th to 14th dorsal-fin ray origin; anterior three fin rays unbranched, others branched; first ray tiny; posterior tip of depressed fin not reaching to caudal-fin base. Caudal fin forked, posterior tips of both lobes pointed; anterior and posterior margins of both lobes nearly straight. Head without scales. Fins scaleless, except for broad triangular sheath of scales on caudal fin and elongated sheath of scales on bases of dorsal and anal fins. Body scales completely lost, except for prepelvic scutes. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA7FFD9FF5C6F2539A3FD1D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF5C6F253B6EFE3C" box="[199,534,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coloration of fresh specimens</emphasis> +. Based on CSIRO H 6715-03, CSIRO H 7023-05, and CSIRO H 8965-01, frozen for 19 years before photography ( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA7FFD9FD916FD93BFAFE19" box="[522,642,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fresh specimens (frozen for 19 years before imaging) of Stolephorus waitei from Queensland,Australia (A: CSIRO H 6715-03, 105.0 mm SL, B: CSIRO H 7023-05, 63.2 mm SL) and preserved specimen [lateral (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views of NTM S.12989-004, 118.5 mm SL, Northern Territory, Australia]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611420/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation> +). Body milky-white, a silver longitudinal band (width slightly narrower than eye diameter) running through middle part of body. Silver band with narrow black margin dorsally. Cheek, opercle, and pectoral-fin axillary scale silver. Snout, maxilla, and pelvic-fin axillary scale transparent. Melanophores densely scattered on tips of snout and lower jaw, occipital area, dorsal margin of gill opening, middle of caudal-fin base, and dorsal surface of caudal peduncle. Scale pockets on dorsum posteriorly margined black. Melanophores scattered along fin rays of dorsal and caudal fins. No melanophores on lower margin of caudal fin. Posterior margin of caudal fin broadly black. Pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins translucent, without melanophores. Iris silver, pupil black. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA7FFD9FF5C6CF93834FC35" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF5C6CF93B23FD78" box="[199,603,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coloration of preserved specimens.</emphasis> +Body uniformly pale, longitudinal band brownish (sometimes remaining silver) and dorsally margined black. Melanophores scattered on lateral surface of head (just above eye, upper margin of gill opening, and tips of maxilla and lower jaw). Pairs of dark patches on parietal and occipital regions. Few melanophores scattered on suborbital area and maxilla. Melanophores scattered along fin rays of dorsal and caudal fins. No melanophores on pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins, and lower margin of caudal fin. Scale pockets on dorsum margined black. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFA7FFD9FF5C6DC03DBAFC59" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA7FFD9FF5C6DC03DBAFC59" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF5C6DC03819FC10" bold="true" box="[199,353,906,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FEFC6DC13B40FC10" box="[359,568,907,933]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FEFC6DC13B40FC10" box="[359,568,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is known from the southeastern coast of New +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFA7FFD9FBA56DC13DF7FC11" box="[1086,1167,907,933]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guinea</collectingCountry> +(Gulf of Papua) and the northern and northeastern coasts of +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFA7FFD9FDBD6DE53BF5FC7D" box="[550,653,943,969]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry> +from off Cape Talbot, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFA7FFD9FC166DE53D2DFC7D" box="[909,1109,943,969]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Western Australia</collectingRegion> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFA7FFD9FBFF6DFA3DB8FC7F" box="[1124,1216,944,971]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-13.266666">13°16′S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFA7FFD9FB576DFA3C4EFC7F" box="[1228,1334,944,971]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="127.083336">127°05′E</geoCoordinate> +) to north of Bundaberg, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFA7FFD9FEA56D9938BAFC59" box="[318,450,979,1005]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Queensland</collectingRegion> +( +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFA7FFD9FE4A6D9E3B12FC5B" box="[465,618,980,1007]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="17.4" value="-24.438166">24°26′17.4″S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5019FFA7FFD9FDED6D9E3A65FC5B" box="[630,797,980,1007]" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="30.0" value="152.075">152°04′30.0″E</geoCoordinate> +) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FCA86D993A92FC59" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[819,1002,979,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FCEA6D993AD1FC59" box="[881,937,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +; this study: +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA7FFD9FBEA6D993DCDFC59" box="[1137,1205,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,521,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[151,1436,484,1365]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distributional records of Stolephorus grandis (red circles) and S. waitei (blue triangles), based on specimens examined in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611416/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFA7FFDBFF5C6DBD3A45FD31" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA7FFD9FF5C6DBD3B5CF9C1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF5C6DBD3843FBA5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1041]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FEDF6DBD3B6EFBA4" box="[324,534,1015,1041]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FEDF6DBD3B6EFBA4" box="[324,534,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was described by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FD776DBD3A96FBA5" author="Jordan, D. S. & Seale, A." box="[748,1006,1015,1041]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="355 - 418" refId="ref14514" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Seale, A. (1926) Review of the Engraulidae, with descriptions of new and rare species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 67 (11), 355 - 418." type="journal article" year="1926"> +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFA7FFD9FD776DBD3A4FFBA5" box="[748,823,1015,1041]" name="Jordan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Jordan</collectingCountry> +& Seale (1926) +</bibRefCitation> +based on a single specimen collected from +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFA7FFD9FF4D6A513825FB81" box="[214,349,1051,1077]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFA7FFD9FEF36A5138AAFB81" box="[360,466,1051,1077]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry> +. Although +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FDD56A513A23FB81" author="Whitehead, P. J. P. & Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T." box="[590,859,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="305 - 579" refId="ref15567" refString="Whitehead, P. J. P., Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T. (1988) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, 7 (2), i - viii + 305 - 579." type="journal article" year="1988"> +Whitehead +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD546A513A71FB81" box="[719,777,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +(1988) +</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FC0F6A513DD6FB81" author="Wongratana, T. & Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S." box="[916,1198,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="ref15749" refString="Wongratana, T., Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S. (1999) Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid Fishes, Chimaeras and Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 1698 - 1753." type="book chapter" year="1999"> +Wongratana +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FBB96A513D24FB81" box="[1058,1116,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +(1999) +</bibRefCitation> +regarded the species as widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FD396A753A1FFBED" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[674,871,1087,1113]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD456A753A6EFBED" box="[734,790,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +(2019) +</bibRefCitation> +revealed that the name +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FBEB6A753DA8FBEC" box="[1136,1232,1087,1113]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FBEB6A753DA8FBEC" box="[1136,1232,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +should be applied for “ +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FF506A2938BBFBC9" box="[203,451,1123,1149]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF506A293829FBC9" box="[203,337,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus</emphasis> +species A +</taxonomicName> +” +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FE4F6A293B6AFBC8" box="[468,530,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">sensu</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FD836A293A5AFBC9" author="Whitehead, P. J. P. & Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T." box="[536,802,1123,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="305 - 579" refId="ref15567" refString="Whitehead, P. J. P., Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T. (1988) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, 7 (2), i - viii + 305 - 579." type="journal article" year="1988"> +Whitehead +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD0C6A293BB7FBC9" box="[663,719,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +(1988) +</bibRefCitation> +, an Australian endemic species. Additionally, the species treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FE926ACD3811FB14" box="[265,361,1159,1185]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FE926ACD3811FB14" box="[265,361,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FE0F6ACD3BE7FB15" author="Whitehead, P. J. P. & Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T." box="[404,671,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="305 - 579" refId="ref15567" refString="Whitehead, P. J. P., Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T. (1988) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, 7 (2), i - viii + 305 - 579." type="journal article" year="1988"> +Whitehead +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD8F6ACD3B35FB15" box="[532,589,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +(1988) +</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FD4E6ACD3A95FB15" author="Wongratana, T. & Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S." box="[725,1005,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="ref15749" refString="Wongratana, T., Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S. (1999) Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid Fishes, Chimaeras and Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 1698 - 1753." type="book chapter" year="1999"> +Wongratana +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FCF86ACD3AE4FB15" box="[867,924,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +(1999) +</bibRefCitation> +has included at least five species ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FAE86ACD3CEEFB14" box="[1395,1430,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">i.e.</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FF0C6AE13A65FB71" authority="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura, 2020 a" authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,797,1195,1221]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="babarani"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF0C6AE138F4FB71" box="[151,396,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus babarani</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FE086AE13A65FB71" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[403,797,1195,1221]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="509 - 520" refId="ref13025" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2020 a) Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines. Zootaxa, 4718 (4), 509 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4718.4.5" type="journal article" year="2020">Hata, Lavoué & Motomura, 2020a</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FCB26AE13C73FB71" authority="Hardenberg, 1933" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[809,1291,1195,1221]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataviensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FCB26AE13D4DFB71" box="[809,1077,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus bataviensis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FBA66AE13C73FB71" author="Hardenberg, J. D. F." box="[1085,1291,1195,1221]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="258 - 263" refId="ref12581" refString="Hardenberg, J. D. F. (1933) New Stolephorus species of the Indo-Australian seas. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indiё, 93 (2), 258 - 263." type="journal article" year="1933">Hardenberg, 1933</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FA8D6AE13882FB5D" authority="Hardenberg, 1933" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baweanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FA8D6AE1385EFB5D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus baweanensis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FEB66A853882FB5D" author="Hardenberg, J. D. F." box="[301,506,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="258 - 263" refId="ref12581" refString="Hardenberg, J. D. F. (1933) New Stolephorus species of the Indo-Australian seas. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indiё, 93 (2), 258 - 263." type="journal article" year="1933">Hardenberg, 1933</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FD9E6A853D72FB5D" authority="Hata & Motomura, 2021 a" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[517,1034,1231,1257]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celsior"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD9E6A853BA6FB5D" box="[517,734,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus celsior</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FD7D6A853D72FB5D" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[742,1034,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="109 - 117" refId="ref13847" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 a) Two new species of Stolephorus (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the western Pacific. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 69, 109 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.26107 / RBZ- 2021 - 0009" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura, 2021a</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FBDE6A85381DFAB9" authority="Hata & Motomura, 2021 a" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concursus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FBDE6A853C3CFB5C" box="[1093,1348,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus concursus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FAD16A85381DFAB9" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="109 - 117" refId="ref13847" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 a) Two new species of Stolephorus (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the western Pacific. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 69, 109 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.26107 / RBZ- 2021 - 0009" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura, 2021a</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +). These five species can easily be distinguished from the true +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FB876AB93D05FAB8" box="[1052,1149,1267,1293]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FB876AB93D05FAB8" box="[1052,1149,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by having a long maxilla extending posteriorly slightly short of or just reaching posterior margin of opercle (vs. not reaching to posterior margin of preopercle in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FE316B713B73FAE0" box="[426,523,1339,1365]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FE316B713B73FAE0" box="[426,523,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), longitudinal band on lateral surface of body silver or pale ivory, without black margin (vs. upper margin of longitudinal band black), numerous black spots on suborbital area in large individuals (vs. only few black spots), fewer gill rakers [41 or fewer (excepting +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FC076BC93D53FA28" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[924,1067,1411,1437]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concursus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FC076BC93D53FA28" box="[924,1067,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. concursus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with 40–44 1TGR) vs. +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA7FFD9FAA26BC93CE4FA29" box="[1337,1436,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0795" metricValueMax="1.1176" metricValueMin="1.0413999999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="42.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="41.0">41–44 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FF0C6BED398FFA74" box="[151,247,1447,1473]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF0C6BED398FFA74" box="[151,247,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +], pseudobranchial filaments [25 or fewer vs. +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA7FFD9FD6E6BED3A20FA75" box="[757,856,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="7.112" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="32.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="28.0">28–36 in</quantity> +individuals of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FB9B6BED3D18FA74" box="[1024,1120,1447,1473]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FB9B6BED3D18FA74" box="[1024,1120,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA7FFD9FBE56BED3DB5FA75" box="[1150,1229,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="74.0">74 mm</quantity> +SL] and vertebrae [40 or fewer (rarely +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA7FFD9FE186B8138C7FA51" box="[387,447,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0413999999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="41.0">41 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FE536B813B20FA50" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[456,600,1483,1509]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concursus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FE536B813B20FA50" box="[456,600,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. concursus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FD096B813A57FA51" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[658,815,1483,1509]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataviensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD096B813A57FA51" box="[658,815,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. bataviensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +)] ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FCC96B813D69FA51" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[850,1041,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FC096B813AB5FA51" box="[914,973,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FB856B813D1DFA51" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[1054,1125,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="509 - 520" refId="ref13025" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2020 a) Stolephorus babarani, a new species of anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from Panay Island, central Philippines. Zootaxa, 4718 (4), 509 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4718.4.5" type="journal article" year="2020">2020a</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FBE86B813CE0FA51" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[1139,1432,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="109 - 117" refId="ref13847" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 a) Two new species of Stolephorus (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the western Pacific. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 69, 109 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.26107 / RBZ- 2021 - 0009" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura 2021a</bibRefCitation> +; this study). Due to taxonomic confusion, the exact distributional range of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FC496BA53D4AF9BC" box="[978,1074,1519,1545]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FC496BA53D4AF9BC" box="[978,1074,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has remained unresolved, and it has only been reliably recorded from south of Cooktown. The species is now apparently widely distributed in the Gulf of Papua and the northern and northeastern coasts of +<collectingCountry id="F30D764EFFA7FFD9FCB5687D3AEDF9E5" box="[814,917,1591,1617]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry> +from Cape Talbot, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFA7FFD9FBE8687D3C43F9E5" box="[1139,1339,1591,1617]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Western Australia</collectingRegion> +to north of Bundaberg, +<collectingRegion id="49DEF83CFFA7FFD9FEA5681138BAF9C1" box="[318,450,1627,1653]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Queensland</collectingRegion> +( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA7FFD9FE4A68113B6EF9C1" box="[465,534,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,521,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[151,1436,484,1365]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distributional records of Stolephorus grandis (red circles) and S. waitei (blue triangles), based on specimens examined in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611416/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA7FFD9FF5C68353C43F8B1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +Because fresh coloration of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FE6268353B2FF92C" box="[505,599,1663,1689]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FE6268353B2FF92C" box="[505,599,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has been unknown ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FCAE68353A9FF92D" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[821,999,1663,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FCEA68353ADFF92D" box="[881,935,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +), this study is the first to report the fresh coloration (see above). The black along the dorsal margin of the median longitudinal silver stripe, can separate the species from five species previously identified as +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FD5C688D3A50F954" box="[711,808,1735,1761]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD5C688D3A50F954" box="[711,808,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FCA2688D3AC4F955" authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2020" box="[825,956,1735,1761]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="babarani"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FCA2688D3AC4F955" box="[825,956,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. babarani</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FC50688D3D1DF955" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[971,1125,1735,1761]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataviensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FC50688D3D1DF955" box="[971,1125,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. bataviensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FBE8688D3C66F955" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[1139,1310,1735,1761]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baweanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FBE8688D3C66F955" box="[1139,1310,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. baweanensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FAB6688D3CEDF955" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[1325,1429,1735,1761]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celsior"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FAB6688D3CEDF955" box="[1325,1429,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. celsior</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FF5D68A1382AF8B0" authorityName="Hata & Motomura" authorityYear="2021" box="[198,338,1771,1797]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concursus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FF5D68A1382AF8B0" box="[198,338,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. concursus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; see above); this coloration is distinct both in fresh and preserved conditions ( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA7FFD9FB2E68A13C55F8B1" box="[1205,1325,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fresh specimens (frozen for 19 years before imaging) of Stolephorus waitei from Queensland,Australia (A: CSIRO H 6715-03, 105.0 mm SL, B: CSIRO H 7023-05, 63.2 mm SL) and preserved specimen [lateral (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views of NTM S.12989-004, 118.5 mm SL, Northern Territory, Australia]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611420/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA7FFD9FF5C69453A34F869" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +As +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA7FFD9FF776945388AF89D" author="Whitehead, P. J. P. & Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T." box="[236,498,1807,1833]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="305 - 579" refId="ref15567" refString="Whitehead, P. J. P., Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T. (1988) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, 7 (2), i - viii + 305 - 579." type="journal article" year="1988"> +Whitehead +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FEF0694538DAF89D" box="[363,418,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis> +(1988) +</bibRefCitation> +stated, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FDDD69453BDDF89C" box="[582,677,1807,1833]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FDDD69453BDDF89C" box="[582,677,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(as +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FD4969453AE0F89D" box="[722,920,1807,1833]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FD4969453A20F89D" box="[722,856,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stolephorus</emphasis> +sp. A +</taxonomicName> +) is “[p]resumed coastal, pelagic and schooling [but] more material and data needed,” so little biological information has been available for the species. Although most of the specimens described in this study were obtained from waters shallower than +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA7FFD9FB1D691D3DBAF8C5" box="[1158,1218,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity> +, a small number of specimens were also obtained from depths of 55 and +<specimenCount id="9D1CFD57FFA7FFD9FD6069303A45F821" box="[763,829,1914,1941]" count="95" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic"> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA7FFD9FD6069303A41F821" box="[763,825,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="95.0">95 m</quantity> +. +</specimenCount> +Unlike +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FC0169313D76F821" box="[922,1038,1915,1941]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FC0169313D76F821" box="[922,1038,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, most specimens of +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FB6069313C25F820" box="[1275,1373,1915,1941]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FB6069313C25F820" box="[1275,1373,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were usually collected tens of kilometers away from the shore, with only a few specimens obtained from river estuaries. Therefore, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA7FFD9FE8F6989380CF868" box="[276,372,1987,2013]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA7FFD9FE8F6989380CF868" box="[276,372,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is thought to rarely enter brackish waters. +</paragraph> +<caption id="DF656656FFA6FFD8FF0C6D933AD1FBA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14611424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611424/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,250,985,1009]" targetBox="[157,1432,188,956]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA6FFD8FF0C6D933AD1FBA1" blockId="17.[151,1436,985,1046]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FF0C6D93386AFC46" bold="true" box="[151,274,985,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 7.</emphasis> +Relationships of ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FE516D9338A4FC45" bold="true" box="[458,476,985,1009]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis> +) head length, ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FDEF6D903BFDFC46" bold="true" box="[628,645,986,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis> +) maxilla length, ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FCA36D933A32FC45" bold="true" box="[824,842,985,1009]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis> +) lower-jaw length, and ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FBDA6D903D2BFC46" bold="true" box="[1089,1107,986,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis> +) anal-fin base length to standard length (SL) in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FEB76DB73880FBA1" box="[300,504,1021,1045]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FEB76DB73880FBA1" box="[300,504,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(red circles) and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FD316DB43A79FBA1" box="[682,769,1022,1045]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FD316DB43A79FBA1" box="[682,769,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(blue triangles). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA6FFD8FF5C6A2238C3F8BE" blockId="17.[151,1437,1128,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"> +As stated in the Remarks section for +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FDC56A223BB7FB36" box="[606,719,1128,1154]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FDC56A223BB7FB36" box="[606,719,1128,1154]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FD476A223A43FB35" box="[732,827,1128,1154]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FD476A223A43FB35" box="[732,827,1128,1154]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is shown to be most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FB7C6A223C20FB36" box="[1255,1368,1128,1154]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FB7C6A223C20FB36" box="[1255,1368,1128,1154]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +along with +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FF4A6AC63847FB12" box="[209,319,1164,1190]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FF4A6AC63847FB12" box="[209,319,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +rather than to +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FE7D6AC63B12FB12" authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2020" box="[486,618,1164,1190]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="babarani"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FE7D6AC63B12FB12" box="[486,618,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. babarani</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FDE26AC63A6CFB12" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[633,788,1164,1190]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataviensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FDE26AC63A6CFB12" box="[633,788,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. bataviensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FCC86AC63A87FB12" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[851,1023,1164,1190]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baweanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FCC86AC63A87FB12" box="[851,1023,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. baweanensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, species that had been confused and compared to +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FEB06AFA38F4FB7D" box="[299,396,1200,1226]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FEB06AFA38F4FB7D" box="[299,396,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FE296AFA3B05FB7E" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[434,637,1200,1226]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FE746AFA3B50FB7E" box="[495,552,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis> +(2019) +</bibRefCitation> +. However, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FD666AFA3A26FB7D" box="[765,862,1200,1226]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FD666AFA3A26FB7D" box="[765,862,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can easily be distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FB476AFA3C37FB7E" box="[1244,1359,1200,1226]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FB476AFA3C37FB7E" box="[1244,1359,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by the lack of dark lines on the dorsum (vs. dark lines present in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FCB46A9E3ADBFB5A" box="[815,931,1236,1262]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FCB46A9E3ADBFB5A" box="[815,931,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), more gill rakers (1TGR +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA6FFD8FB556A9E3C4AFB5A" box="[1230,1330,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0795" metricValueMax="1.1176" metricValueMin="1.0413999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="42.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="41.0">41–44 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FAA06A9E3CE4FB59" box="[1339,1436,1236,1262]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FAA06A9E3CE4FB59" box="[1339,1436,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +vs. +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA6FFD8FF596ABD3850FAA6" box="[194,296,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.398" metricValueMax="9.906" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="37.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="35.0">35–39 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FEA96AB238D0FAA6" box="[306,424,1272,1298]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FEA96AB238D0FAA6" box="[306,424,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA6FFD8FE216AB23887FAA6" box="[442,511,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[510,1086,186,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[498,1090,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Total gill-raker numbers on (A) first gill arch (1TGR), (B) second gill arch (2TGR), (C) third gill arch (3TGR), and (D) fourth gill arch (4TGR), and (E) pseudobranchial filaments relative to standard length in Stolephorus grandis (red circles) and S. waitei (blue triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611422/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6</figureCitation> +) and pseudobranchial filaments ( +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA6FFD8FC196AB23A92FAA6" box="[898,1002,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="7.112" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="32.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="28.0">28–36 in</quantity> +individuals> +<quantity id="4CE29B3BFFA6FFD8FB0E6AB23D9FFAA6" box="[1173,1255,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="74.0">74 mm</quantity> +SL vs. 20–27), longer head (22.9–26.6% [usually> 24%] of SL vs. 22.0–24.0%), maxilla (17.9–20.4% of SL vs. 16.7–18.3%) and lower jaw (15.1–17.5% of SL vs. 14.3–15.3%), and shorter anal-fin base (12.9–16.9% of SL vs. 16.0–17.8%) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FF046B2E3821FACA" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[159,345,1380,1406]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FF466B2E386EFACA" box="[221,278,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FEFD6B2E3BF0FACA" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[358,648,1380,1406]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">Hata & Motomura 2021b</bibRefCitation> +; this study: +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA6FFD8FC8B6B2E3A2CFACA" box="[784,852,1380,1406]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,985,1009]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,188,956]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,961]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Relationships of (A) head length, (B) maxilla length, (C) lower-jaw length, and (D) anal-fin base length to standard length (SL) in Stolephorus grandis (red circles) and S. waitei (blue triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611424/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation> +). Additionally, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FB9F6B2E3D1CFAC9" box="[1028,1124,1380,1406]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FB9F6B2E3D1CFAC9" box="[1028,1124,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can be easily distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FF4D6BC2383DFA16" box="[214,325,1416,1442]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FF4D6BC2383DFA16" box="[214,325,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a species thought to be also similar to +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FC956BC23A08FA15" box="[782,880,1416,1442]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FC956BC23A08FA15" box="[782,880,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA6FFD8FC196BC23ABDFA16" box="[898,965,1416,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,184,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1435,181,1563]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of 24 species of Stolephorus, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene (648 bp) of 45 specimens (ln L = −6315.919665). In this tree, each species of Stolephorus (when represented by two or more specimens) forms a monophyletic group. The name of the two species examined in detail in this study, S. grandis and S. waitei, are highlighted in bold. Each specimen of S. grandis, S. waitei, and S. nelsoni is identified by its CSIRO registration number followed in brackets by the tissue code, and BOLD and GenBank accession numbers of the COI sequence. Other specimens of Stolephorus are identified by corresponding museum registration number (if any) or GenBank number followed in brackets by specimen code (if any), and/or “GenBank” when the sequence was directly mined from this online database and, finally, species name. Two species of the genus Encrasicholina (the sister group of Stolephorus) are used as outgroups. Branch lengths proportional to number of substitutions. The scale represents 0.03 substitution/position. Bootstrap proportions (in %) indicated at corresponding nodes (except for the relationships within S. waitei)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611410/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation> +), by having shorter maxilla (17.9–20.4% of SL, posterior tip not reaching to posterior margin of preopercle in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FC3A6BE63D79FA71" box="[929,1025,1452,1478]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FC3A6BE63D79FA71" box="[929,1025,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +vs. length 21.1–22.9%, posterior tip well beyond posterior margin of preopercle, more or less reaching posterior margin of opercle in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FB426B9A3C3FFA5E" box="[1241,1351,1488,1514]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FB426B9A3C3FFA5E" box="[1241,1351,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), silver longitudinal line on lateral surface of body dorsally margined with narrow black line (vs. dark line absent on lateral surface), more pseudobranchial filaments (24–36 vs. 16–22), more longitudinal scale rows (36–41 vs. 34–36), more vertebrae (41 vs. 39–40), shorter pelvic fin (not reaching to vertical through dorsal-fin origin when depressed vs. reaching beyond vertical through dorsal-fin origin), shorter head (22.9–26.6% of SL vs. 26.3–28.4%), shorter jaw (15.1–17.5% of SL vs. 17.1–18.8%), shorter pectoral fin (13.7–14.9% of SL vs. 15.2–17.8%), narrower body (body depth 16.1–19.9% of SL vs. 21.0–24.2%; D–A 19.4–22.3% of SL vs. 22.5–26.4%), and absence of teeth on hyoid arch (vs. distinct conical teeth present on dorsal surface of ceratohyal) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FC2D68863D16F952" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[950,1134,1740,1766]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FC6F68863D54F952" box="[1012,1068,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FBE268863CE0F952" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[1145,1432,1740,1766]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="381 - 386" refId="ref13718" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2018 d) Redescription and distributional range extension of a poorly known anchovy Stolephorus nelsoni (Actinopterygii: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 48 (4), 381 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIEP / 02501" type="journal article" year="2018">Hata & Motomura 2018d</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FF0C68BA39A7F8BE" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[151,223,1776,1802]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">2021b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FF7068BA384BF8BE" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[235,307,1776,1802]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref14399" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2024 c) Redescription and distributional range extension of the poorly known anchovy Stolephorus brachycephalus (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. [in press]" type="book" year="2024">2024c</bibRefCitation> +; this study). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA6FFD8FF5C695E3A26F856" blockId="17.[151,1437,1128,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FF5C695E3B61F89A" box="[199,537,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Role of double lines on dorsum</emphasis> +.Although the paired black lines on the dorsum anterior to the dorsal fin are known as a diagnostic character of five species of the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FD4469723A1DF8E6" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[735,869,1848,1874]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FD4469723A1DF8E6" box="[735,869,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FC3C69723D60F8E6" box="[935,1048,1848,1874]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FC3C69723D60F8E6" box="[935,1048,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FBBE69723DC9F8E5" box="[1061,1201,1848,1874]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mercurius"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FBBE69723DC9F8E5" box="[1061,1201,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. mercurius</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FB2669723C02F8E6" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[1213,1402,1848,1874]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multibranchus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FB2669723C02F8E6" box="[1213,1402,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. multibranchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FA1C697239C2F8C1" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FA1C697239C2F8C1" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. rex</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FF6C69163B2CF8C2" authority="(Bleeker, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[247,596,1883,1910]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tri"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FF6C691638E6F8C1" box="[247,414,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stolephorus tri</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FE3669163B33F8C2" author="Bleeker, P." box="[429,587,1883,1910]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref12201" refString="Bleeker, P. (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Haringachtige visschen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 24 (8), 1 - 52. [in Dutch]" type="journal article" year="1852">Bleeker, 1852</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FDF969163A25F8C2" author="Whitehead, P. J. P. & Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T." box="[610,861,1884,1910]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="305 - 579" refId="ref15567" refString="Whitehead, P. J. P., Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T. (1988) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, 7 (2), i - viii + 305 - 579." type="journal article" year="1988"> +Whitehead +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FD7F69163A64F8C2" box="[740,796,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis> +1988 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FCF269163D08F8C2" author="Wongratana, T. & Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S." box="[873,1136,1884,1910]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="ref15749" refString="Wongratana, T., Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S. (1999) Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid Fishes, Chimaeras and Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 1698 - 1753." type="book chapter" year="1999"> +Wongratana +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FC6D69163D56F8C2" box="[1014,1070,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis> +1999 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FBE069163CE0F8C2" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[1147,1432,1884,1910]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="78 - 84" refId="ref13665" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2018 c) Additional specimens of the poorly known anchovy Stolephorus multibranchus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from Kosrae, Caroline Islands. Biogeography, 20, 78 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11358 / biogeo. 20.78" type="journal article" year="2018">Hata & Motomura 2018c</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FF0C69CA3999F82E" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." box="[151,225,1920,1946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref13901" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2021 b) Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia. Zootaxa, 5004 (3), 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5004.3.5" type="journal article" year="2021">2021b</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA6FFD8FF7669CA38DCF82E" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[237,420,1920,1946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FEB269CA381AF82E" box="[297,354,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +, 2021), these species do not form a monophyletic group in the phylogenetic tree shown in +<figureCitation id="13212A5BFFA6FFD8FF0C69EE398DF80A" box="[151,245,1956,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,184,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[151,1435,181,1563]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of 24 species of Stolephorus, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene (648 bp) of 45 specimens (ln L = −6315.919665). In this tree, each species of Stolephorus (when represented by two or more specimens) forms a monophyletic group. The name of the two species examined in detail in this study, S. grandis and S. waitei, are highlighted in bold. Each specimen of S. grandis, S. waitei, and S. nelsoni is identified by its CSIRO registration number followed in brackets by the tissue code, and BOLD and GenBank accession numbers of the COI sequence. Other specimens of Stolephorus are identified by corresponding museum registration number (if any) or GenBank number followed in brackets by specimen code (if any), and/or “GenBank” when the sequence was directly mined from this online database and, finally, species name. Two species of the genus Encrasicholina (the sister group of Stolephorus) are used as outgroups. Branch lengths proportional to number of substitutions. The scale represents 0.03 substitution/position. Bootstrap proportions (in %) indicated at corresponding nodes (except for the relationships within S. waitei)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14611410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14611410/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 1</figureCitation> +(no molecular data available for +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FDFF69EE3A59F80A" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[612,801,1956,1982]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multibranchus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FDFF69EE3A59F80A" box="[612,801,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. multibranchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FCA369EE3D62F80A" box="[824,1050,1956,1982]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FCA369EE3D62F80A" box="[824,1050,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stolephorus grandis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is more closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FAA769EE3CE4F809" box="[1340,1436,1956,1982]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FAA769EE3CE4F809" box="[1340,1436,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA6FFD8FF5C6982384CF856" box="[199,308,1992,2018]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA6FFD8FF5C6982384CF856" box="[199,308,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, two species without double lines on the dorsum. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA5FFDBFF5C6EDD3A45FD31" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +Additionally, some species of the genus such as +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFD506EDD3D05FF05" authority="Delsman, 1931" authorityName="Delsman" authorityYear="1931" box="[715,1149,151,177]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baganensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFD506EDD3AABFF05" box="[715,979,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stolephorus baganensis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFC4C6EDD3D05FF05" author="Delsman, H. C." box="[983,1149,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="217 - 243" refId="ref12283" refString="Delsman, H. C. (1931) Fish eggs and larvae from the Java Sea. 17. The genus Stolephorus. Treubia, 13 (2), 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1931">Delsman, 1931</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFB366EDD3B62FF61" authority="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura, 2022 b" authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldorado"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFB366EDD3CE4FF05" box="[1197,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stolephorus eldorado</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFF0C6EF13B62FF61" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[151,538,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="145 - 173" refId="ref13323" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2022 b) Description of three new species previously identified as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959) or Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 and a re-description of S. bengalensis (Chordata, Osteichthyes, Clupeiformes, Engraulidae). ZooKeys, 1121, 145 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1121.84171" type="journal article" year="2022">Hata, Lavoué & Motomura, 2022b</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +are known to have paired black longitudinal lines on the dorsum posterior to the dorsal fin ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFE896E9538B4FF4D" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[274,460,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="7 - 38" refId="ref12925" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2019) Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Delsman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research, 67 (1), 7 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 019 - 00697 - 7" type="journal article" year="2019"> +Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFECA6E9538F2FF4D" box="[337,394,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +2019 +</bibRefCitation> +, 2022b). The role of black lines on dorsum in these species is unknown. However, we note that most species with black lines on the dorsum are commonly found in estuaries ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFBEE6F493DE5FEA8" box="[1141,1181,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">e.g.</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFB376F493811FEF5" authority="Wongratana, 1983" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1983" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubiosus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFB376F493CE5FEA9" box="[1196,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stolephorus dubiosus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFF0C6F6D3811FEF5" author="Wongratana, T." box="[151,361,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="385 - 407" refId="ref15655" refString="Wongratana, T. (1983) Diagnoses of 24 new species and proposal of a new name for a species of Indo-Pacific clupeoid fishes. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 29 (4), 385 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.11369 / jji 1950.29.385" type="journal article" year="1983">Wongratana, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFEED6F6D3B7DFEF4" box="[374,517,295,321]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mercurius"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFEED6F6D3B7DFEF4" box="[374,517,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. mercurius</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFD8F6F6D3BACFEF5" authorityName="Wongratana" authorityYear="1987" box="[532,724,295,321]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multibranchus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFD8F6F6D3BACFEF5" box="[532,724,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. multibranchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFD7F6F6D3A64FEF4" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[740,796,295,321]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tri"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFD7F6F6D3A64FEF4" box="[740,796,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. tri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFCB56F6D3AADFEF5" author="Delsman, H. C." box="[814,981,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="217 - 243" refId="ref12283" refString="Delsman, H. C. (1931) Fish eggs and larvae from the Java Sea. 17. The genus Stolephorus. Treubia, 13 (2), 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1931">Delsman 1931</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFC786F6D3DD2FEF5" author="Hardenberg, J. D. F." box="[995,1194,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="81 - 168" refId="ref12552" refString="Hardenberg, J. D. F. (1931) The fishfauna of the Rokan Mouth. Treubia, 13 (1), 81 - 168." type="journal article" year="1931">Hardenberg 1931</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFB236F6D3D8BFEF5" author="Hardenberg, J. D. F." box="[1208,1267,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="258 - 263" refId="ref12581" refString="Hardenberg, J. D. F. (1933) New Stolephorus species of the Indo-Australian seas. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indiё, 93 (2), 258 - 263." type="journal article" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFA9B6F6D3C43FEF5" author="Hardenberg, J. D. F." box="[1280,1339,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="313 - 375" refId="ref12613" refString="Hardenberg, J. D. F. (1934) Some remarks on the genus Stolephorus Lacepede in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Treubia, 14 (3), 313 - 375." type="journal article" year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFAD26F6D3827FED1" author="Hata, H. & Motomura, H." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="78 - 84" refId="ref13665" refString="Hata, H. & Motomura, H. (2018 c) Additional specimens of the poorly known anchovy Stolephorus multibranchus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from Kosrae, Caroline Islands. Biogeography, 20, 78 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11358 / biogeo. 20.78" type="journal article" year="2018">Hata & Motomura 2018c</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFEF76F013B32FED1" author="Kimura, S. & Sado, T. & Iwatsuki, Y. & Yoshino, T." box="[364,586,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref14622" refString="Kimura, S., Sado, T., Iwatsuki, Y. & Yoshino, T. (1999) Record of an engraulid fish, Stolephorus commersonnii from Ishigaki I., southern Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 46 (1), 45 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11369 / jji 1950.46.45" type="journal article" year="1999"> +Kimura +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFE506F013B7EFED1" box="[459,518,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +1999 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFDC36F013A6BFED1" author="Tran, D. D. & Shibukawa, K. & Nguyen, P. T. & Ha, H. P. & Tran, L. X. & Mai, H. V. & Utsugi, K." box="[600,787,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref15219" refString="Tran, D. D., Shibukawa, K., Nguyen, P. T., Ha, H. P., Tran, L. X., Mai, H. V. & Utsugi, K. (2013) Fishes of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Can Tho University Publishing House, Can Tho, 174 pp." type="book" year="2013"> +Tran +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFD0E6F013BB7FED1" box="[661,719,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +2013 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFCB96F013C57FED1" author="Nagao Natural Environment Foundation" box="[802,1327,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref14899" refString="Nagao Natural Environment Foundation (2021) Fishes of the Indochinese Mekong. Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Tokyo, 545 pp." type="book" year="2021">Nagao Natural Environment Foundation 2021</bibRefCitation> +) whereas species mainly inhabiting the marine pelagic environment, and rarely entering estuarine environments, have no dark lines on the dorsum ( +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFE1B6FD938D0FE18" box="[384,424,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">e.g.</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFE2E6FD93B3BFE19" box="[437,579,403,429]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFE2E6FD93B3BFE19" box="[437,579,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. balinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFDD46FD93B90FE19" authorityName="Hardenberg" authorityYear="1933" box="[591,744,403,429]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataviensis"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFDD46FD93B90FE19" box="[591,744,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. bataviensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFD6E6FD93A2CFE18" box="[757,852,403,429]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitei"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFD6E6FD93A2CFE18" box="[757,852,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. waitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFCF96FD93D22FE19" author="Whitehead, P. J. P. & Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T." box="[866,1114,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="305 - 579" refId="ref15567" refString="Whitehead, P. J. P., Nelson, G. J. & Wongratana, T. (1988) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2 - Engraulididae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, 7 (2), i - viii + 305 - 579." type="journal article" year="1988"> +Whitehead +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFC796FD93D61FE19" box="[994,1049,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +1988 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFBFF6FD93C11FE19" author="Wongratana, T. & Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S." box="[1124,1385,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1698 - 1753" refId="ref15749" refString="Wongratana, T., Munroe, T. A. & Nizinski, M. S. (1999) Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid Fishes, Chimaeras and Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 1698 - 1753." type="book chapter" year="1999"> +Wongratana +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFB6A6FD93C50FE19" box="[1265,1320,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +1999 +</bibRefCitation> +; this study). Paired lines on the dorsum are also observed in other clupeiform fishes schooling in estuarine areas, such as +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFF2C6F913BEFFE41" authority="(Valenciennes, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[183,663,475,501]" family="Clupeidae" genus="Escualosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thoracata"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFF2C6F9138E7FE41" box="[183,415,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Escualosa thoracata</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFE346F913BF7FE41" author="Valenciennes, A." box="[431,655,475,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref15285" refString="Valenciennes, A. (1847) Chapitre IX. Du genre Koval (Kowala). In: Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (Eds.) Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Vol. 20. P. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 362 - 365. [in French]" type="book" year="1847">Valenciennes, 1847</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFD3F6F913D8DFE41" authority="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura, 2022 a" authorityName="Hata, Lavoue & Motomura" authorityYear="2022" box="[676,1269,475,501]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Thrissina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katana"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFD3F6F913A1AFE41" box="[676,866,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thrissina katana</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFCF16F913D8DFE41" author="Hata, H. & Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H." box="[874,1269,475,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref13244" refString="Hata, H., Lavoue, S. & Motomura, H. (2022 a) Thrissina katana sp. nov., a new thryssa from the western Pacific Ocean, and redescription of Thrissina hamiltonii (Gray, 1835) (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Marine Biodiversity, 52 (1), 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01228 - 2" type="journal volume" year="2022">Hata, Lavoué & Motomura, 2022a</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFAA96F9138C4FDAD" authority="(Bloch, 1795)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1795" family="Engraulidae" genus="Thrissina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabarica"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFAA96F913860FDAD" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thrissina malabarica</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFEB36FB538CCFDAD" author="Bloch, M. E." box="[296,436,510,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="397 - 429" refId="ref12243" refString="Bloch, M. E. (1795) Naturgeschichte der Auslandischen Fische. Part 9. Verlage der Morinoschen Kunsthandlung, Berlin, ii + 192 pp., pls. 397 - 429. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1795">Bloch, 1795</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFE576FB53BF2FDAD" author="Whitehead, P. J. P." box="[460,650,510,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref15491" refString="Whitehead, P. J. P. (1985) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125, 7 (1), 1 - 303." type="journal article" year="1985">Whitehead 1985</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFD0D6FB53A0AFDAD" author="Munroe, T. A. & Wongratana, T. & Nizinski, M. S." box="[662,882,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1775 - 1821" refId="ref14785" refString="Munroe, T. A., Wongratana, T. & Nizinski, M. S. (1999) Order Clupeiformes. Clupeidae. Herrings (also, sardines, sprats, pilchards, and menhadens). In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid Fishes, Chimaeras and Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 1775 - 1821." type="book chapter" year="1999"> +Munroe +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFD6C6FB53A48FDAD" box="[759,816,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +1999 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2FFFA5FFDBFCE46FB53D12FDAD" author="Rainboth, W. J. & Vidthayanon, C. & Yen, M. D." box="[895,1130,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref15014" refString="Rainboth, W. J., Vidthayanon, C. & Yen, M. D. (2012) Fishes of the greater Mekong ecosystem with species list and photographic atlas. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 201, i - xvi + 1 - 173, pls. 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2012"> +Rainboth +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFC766FB53D5EFDAD" box="[1005,1062,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +2012 +</bibRefCitation> +; Hata +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFB296FB53D93FDAD" box="[1202,1259,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis> +2022a, 2023b). We hypothesize that the presence of black lines on the dorsum in +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFCE66C693D7BFD89" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[893,1027,547,573]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFCE66C693D7BFD89" box="[893,1027,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stolephorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and other clupeiforms are related to murky estuarine habitats where they can serve as a communication signal among individuals for identification or forming schools for activities such as feeding and spawning. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C3006555FFA5FFDBFF5C6CC43AE5FCA1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="8BA536DEFFA5FFDBFF5C6CC43AE5FCA1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFF5C6CC43B2AFD1C" bold="true" box="[199,594,654,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Comparative material examined.</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5DFFA5FFDBFDC26CC53A4FFD1D" box="[601,823,655,681]" family="Engraulidae" genus="Stolephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni"> +<emphasis id="B96EEACCFFA5FFDBFDC26CC53A4FFD1D" box="[601,823,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stolephorus nelsoni</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +: +<materialsCitation id="3B723C83FFA5FFDBFCDD6CC538EFFD45" collectionCode="CSIRO, BOLD" country="Australia" elevation="14" latitude="-24.433332" location="Deepwater" longLatPrecision="1251" longitude="152.06667" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="H 6548-11, FOAQ1056-24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland"> +<collectionCode id="ED0BAE1BFFA5FFDBFCDD6CC53AE0FD1D" box="[838,920,655,681]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode> +<specimenCode id="DBBC9EA5FFA5FFDBFC046CC53D6FFD1D" box="[927,1047,654,681]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">H 6548-11</specimenCode> +(tissue code: BW-A17755; 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