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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.24908" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39143575-5dd7-49dd-a914-eeaf43060fb1" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970--137" ID-ZBK="63FDA225900E42A69FD18B02D8CD1F44" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970--137" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys " ModsDocTitle="Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China – with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology" checkinTime="1555317040329" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Staab, Michael, Garcia, Francisco Hita, Liu, Cong, Xu, Zheng-Hui &amp; Economo, Evan P." docDate="2018" docId="0E100705ADD5F17DE02A680F5D7CBC53" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 770: 137-192" docOrigin="ZooKeys 770" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.24908" docTitle="Proceratium shohei Staab, Xu &amp; Hita Garcia, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="09C9335F-C01F-4B6A-B289-1E6B9611E96F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="0E3A8F7EF24EFFF1D203FF811E3EFFCD" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China - with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1643549215339" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China - with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Staab, Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Garcia, Francisco Hita</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Zheng-Hui</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>770</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>137</mods:start>
<mods:end>192</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.24908</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.24908</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970--137</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">63FDA225900E42A69FD18B02D8CD1F44</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">63FDA225900E42A69FD18B02D8CD1F44</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156199962" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:09C9335F-C01F-4B6A-B289-1E6B9611E96F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E100705ADD5F17DE02A680F5D7CBC53" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/09C9335F-C01F-4B6A-B289-1E6B9611E96F" authority="Staab, Xu &amp; Hita Garcia" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium shohei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shohei">Proceratium shohei Staab, Xu &amp; Hita Garcia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="137">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 3A, 3C, 22, 23, 25
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
Holotype. Pinned worker from CHINA, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Kilometer 55 station,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="21.964">21.964°N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="101.202">101.202°E</geoCoordinate>
, 820 m asl, rain forest, Winkler leaf litter extraction, 13-VI-2013, leg. Benoit
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
, Benjamin Blanchard &amp; Cong Liu, label
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘05121’">'#05121'</normalizedToken>
(CASENT0717686), deposited in SWFU.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
Cybertype. Volumetric raw data (in DICOM format), 3D rotation video (in mp4 format, see Suppl. material 10: Video 8), still images of surface volume rendering, and 3D surface (in PLY format) of the physical holotype (CASENT0717686) in addition to montage photos illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body. The data is deposited at Dryad (
<bibRefCitation author="Staab, M" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" url="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h6j0g4p" year="2018">Staab et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h6j0g4p) and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of the type. In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the holotype at Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/models/0dd8217041274f268fae8897958d9b6a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium shohei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shohei">Proceratium shohei</taxonomicName>
differs from the other oriental members of the
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
clade by the following character combination: head broadest at the level of eyes, sides and vertex of head weakly convex, almost straight; scapes relatively long (SI 72); frontal carinae relatively broad and slightly convex; posterodorsal corners of propodeum with broad teeth that project over less than half of the propodeal lobes in profile; petiole in dorsal view longer than broad; petiolar node relatively compressed dorsoventrally, subpetiolar process inconspicuous, a lamellae only, without a projection; LS3 with a straight ventral outline; abdominal segment IV strongly recurved and broadly rounded, LS4 reduced (IGR not measurable); head, mesosoma, petiole, and LT3 foveolate; LT4 smooth and shiny, dorsally without sculpture, laterally superficially punctured.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
Figure 22.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium shohei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shohei">Proceratium shohei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype worker (CASENT0717686). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
Figure 23. Still images from surface display volume renderings of 3D model of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium shohei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shohei">Proceratium shohei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype worker (CASENT0717686). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in dorsal view D Head in anterodorsal view E Head in anterior view F Head in ventral view G Head in profile H Mesosoma in profile I Mesosoma in dorsal view J Propodeum in posterodorsal view K Abdominal segment II and parts of III in profile L Abdominal segment II and parts of III in dorsal view M Abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VII">II-VII</normalizedToken>
in profile N Abdominal segment III and parts of II and IV in dorsal view O Abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VII">II-VII</normalizedToken>
in ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Worker measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Holotype.TL 4.15; EL 0.09; SL 0.71; HL 0.99; HLM 1.13; HW 0.89; WL 1.25; MFeL 0.89; MTiL 0.71; MBaL 0.56; PeL 0.47; PeW 0.44; LT3 0.64; LS4 n.a.; LT4 0.66; OI 10; CI 90; SI 72; MFeI 100; MTiI 80; MBaI 63; DPeI 94; IGR n.a.; ASI 103.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Worker description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">In full-face view, head slightly longer than broad (CI 90), sides and vertex weakly convex, almost straight. Clypeus relatively broad, surrounding antennal insertions and protruding anteriorly, anterior clypeal margin with a distinct notch. Frontal carinae relatively short, broadly separated from each other, constantly diverging posteriorly and not covering antennal insertions, lateral expansions of frontal carinae slightly concave in full-face view; frontal area convex; frontal furrow absent. Genal carinae strongly developed; ventral face of head (gular area) concave. Eyes relatively large (OI 10), consisting of one convex ommatidium, located slightly anterior to the midline of head. Antennae 12-segmented, scapes comparatively long (SI 72), not reaching posterior head margin and thickening apically. Mandibles elongate and triangular, masticatory margin with three teeth in total, apical tooth large and acute, the other teeth smaller and decreasing in size from second to third tooth that is followed by a series of minute blunt denticles.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Mesosoma in profile convex and longer than maximum head length including mandibles. Lower mesopleurae (katepisterna) with demarcated sutures, upper mesopleurae (anepisterna), and promesonotum with inconspicuous and very shallow sutures; lower mesopleurae inflated posteriorly; posterodorsal corners of propodeum with broad teeth that project over less than half of the propodeal lobes in profile, propodeal lobes strongly developed as broadly triangular teeth protruding dorsolaterally; propodeal declivity almost vertical, slightly inclined anteriorly; in posterodorsal view, sides of propodeum separated from declivity by lamellate margins; propodeal spiracle relatively small, located above mid height; in profile, opening ellipsoid and facing posteriorly. Legs comparatively long; all tibiae with a pectinate spur; calcar of strigil with a basal spine; pretarsal claws simple; arolia present.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Petiole in dorsal view longer than broad, sides consistently diverging posteriorly, anterior border with a thick margin that is distinctly angulate on each side; in profile, petiolar node relatively compressed dorsoventrally, its anterior face slightly sloping; dorsum of node relatively flat, weakly convex; ventral face inconspicuous with a thin lamella and no projection.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">In dorsal view, abdominal segment III anteriorly much broader than petiole, its sides weakly convex; abdominal sternite III extended ventrally, its outline straight, anteriomedially with a conspicuous depression marked by a broad rim. Constriction between abdominal segments III and IV deep. Abdominal segment IV very large, very strongly recurved (abdominal sternum IV reduced and IGR not measurable) and posteriorly rounded, with a thin lamella on its anterior border; abdominal tergum IV slightly longer than abdominal tergum III (ASI 103), remaining abdominal tergites and sternites inconspicuous and projecting anteriorly. Sting large and extended.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
Whole body covered with dense relatively short decumbent to erect hairs; additionally significantly longer suberect to erect hairs abundant on the whole body, including legs and scapes; such hairs also present on funicular joints, but shorter and relatively thicker; dense appressed to decumbent pubescence on the funiculus only; mandibles striate; head, mesosoma, petiole, and abdominal segment III foveolate with superimposed punctures and granules, the foveae relatively deep, large, and irregular; abdominal segment IV smooth and shiny, dorsally without sculpture, laterally superficially punctured; scapes and legs densely punctured. Body color uniformly dark ferruginous-brown, antennae, legs, and abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
orange brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">This species is named in honor of Dr. Shohei Suzuki (1979-2016), a Japanese marine biologist whose life was tragically lost in a diving accident while conducting coral reef research in Okinawa.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">No direct observations of biology and natural history are available. The type specimen was collected from rain forest leaf litter. Like many other ant species occurring in the tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna, the species probably also occurs in adjacent countries such as Laos or Thailand.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
Figure 24. Maps of China (country is shown in dark grey with highlighted country and province borders) and South East Asia displaying known species distribution ranges (in green) of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bruelheidei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="bruelheidei">P. bruelheidei</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. itoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="itoi">P. itoi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. japonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="japonicum">P. japonicum</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. kepingmai" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kepingmai">P. kepingmai</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
Figure 25. Maps of China (country is shown in dark grey with highlighted country and province borders) and South East Asia displaying known species distribution ranges (in green) of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. longigaster" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="longigaster">P. longigaster</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. longmenense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="longmenense">P. longmenense</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. zhaoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="zhaoi">P. zhaoi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="taxonomic notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
In
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.477.8775" year="2015 b">Liu et al. (2015b)</bibRefCitation>
this species was erroneously listed as
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
, a species known from Borneo, peninsular Malaysia, and Thailand (see
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni Urbani, C" journalOrPublisher="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Monografie (Turin)" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 492" title="The ant genus Proceratium in the extant and fossil record (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="36" year="2003">Baroni Urbani and de Andrade 2003</bibRefCitation>
). However, a careful reexamination of the specimen from Yunnan and comparisons with images of the holotype of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0915370) and further
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
specimens from Borneo (CASENT0790842, CASENT0790847, CASENT0790848; see Suppl. material 2: Figure S1 for micro CT images of CASENT0790842 and see Suppl. material 11: Video 9 for a 3D rotation video of the same specimen) revealed considerable morphological differences that convinced us to separate both species and to describe
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
as new. Among the other species of the
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
clade occurring in the oriental zoogeographic region (
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. foveolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="foveolatum">P. foveolatum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
is unsurprisingly most similar to
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
, but both species can be safely and easily separated.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium shohei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shohei">Proceratium shohei</taxonomicName>
has an indistinct subpetiolar process without a median anterior projection (subpetiolar process with a distinct tooth in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
; opposed to the
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. itoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="itoi">P. itoi</taxonomicName>
clade, the subpetiolar process is an informative character in the
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
clade). Also,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
has relatively longer scapes (SI 72) (SI 58-68 in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
), the posterodorsal corner of the propodeum with relatively shorter teeth that project over less than half of the length of the propodeal lobes in profile (at least projecting over half of propodeal lobes in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
), a very reduced LS4 so that IGR cannot be measured (LS4 also reduced but IGR 0.23-0.29 in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
), a straight ventral outline of LS3 (with a depression in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
), and slightly convex frontal carinae (slightly concave in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. deelemani" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="deelemani">P. deelemani</taxonomicName>
). Superficially,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
also resembles
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. foveolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="foveolatum">P. foveolatum</taxonomicName>
. From
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
it can be distinguished by the subpetiolar process without a median anterior projection (subpetiolar process with a distinct tooth in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
), the longer teeth on the posterodorsal corners of the propodeum that project straightly backwards (short and blunt, projecting slightly dorsally in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
), and the foveolate sculpture of the head, mesosoma, petiole, and LT3 (coarsely granulate with superimposed fovea in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stictum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="stictum">P. stictum</taxonomicName>
). The sculpture of the integument likewise easily distinguishes
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. foveolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="foveolatum">P. foveolatum</taxonomicName>
, which has the entire integument including LT4 covered with large, deep, regular, and clearly demarcated fovea (fovea smaller and shallower, at most superficial punctures but no fovea on LT4 in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
). Also, in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. foveolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="foveolatum">P. foveolatum</taxonomicName>
LT4 is extended posteriorly and forms a broad, strong angle while LT4 is not as extended and broadly rounded in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. shohei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="shohei">P. shohei</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Since this species is known only from the holotype there is no available information about intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="108455A1815B5633D2EEE25591B012FA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taxon classification Animalia Decapoda Munidopsidae</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B69C508449D6979AD989552EFF8F1BA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined.</paragraph>
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BATO stn. 42, 1 male. BIOREPES stn. 47, 11 males, 3 females, 7 ovigerous females 7, stn. 55, 1 ovigerous female. BIOREPES 2 stn. 4, 1 male 1, stn. 11, 2 males, stn. 24, 1 female, stn. 32, 1 male. BIOREPES 3 stn. B6, 2 males. COBERPES stn. A11, 1 female, stn.
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7, 1 female, stn. A12b, 1 male, 1 ovigerous female, stn B2, 1 ovigerous female, stn. B12, 1 male, stn
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7, 1 female, stn.
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14, 1 female. COBERPES 2011 stn. B2, 1 ovigerous female, stn. B4, 2 males, 1 female, 1 ovigerous female, stn. C2, 4 males, 4 ovigerous females, stn. C3, 2 males, 1 ovigerous female, stn. C4, 1 male, 1 female, stn. D1b, 1 female, stn. D6, 1 female, 1 ovigerous female, stn. D9, 11 males. COBERPES 3 stn.
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10, 1 male, stn.
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11, 1 ovigerous female, stn. B17, 1 male.
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<paragraph id="500FBB3F92A3B8C20CF50C80DB96B261" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</paragraph>
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It was collected off Soto la Marina River, Tamaulipas; San Pedro and San Pablo Rivers, Tupilco Lagoon, Tabasco;
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Lagoon, Campeche; N Alacranes,
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; (ESE, SSE, SSW, WSW); 406.0-820 m.
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was the sixth species in terms of abundance (n = 72). The highest abundance was observed in the sector ESE during the spring season in a depth range of 700-799 m. The ANOVA analysis was made only for males (n = 37), but did not show significant differences by depth [F (3;32) = 1.1295; p = 0.3518] or season [F (2;33) = 3.0006; p = 0.0635]. The mean size of males was x = 14.0
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3.954 (6.0-21.4) at 406-780 m depth range. The mean size of females was x = 10.4
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3.346 (6.4-18.0) at 530-820 m depth. The mean size of ovigerous females was x = 12.7
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2.431 (8.3-17.1) at 530-820 m depth.
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<paragraph id="3674526F3493BB0AD6A19F647E4D0AD9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">The ovigerous females were observed in all seasons; however, they were more numerous during spring in the ESE sector. Sex ratio was similar in all seasons (1 M: 1 F). Two individuals were infested by rhizocephalans (CL male = 15.9 mm, female = 17.0), and one female (CL = 13.1 mm) was infested by bopyrid.</paragraph>
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Recorded by
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. Habitat/Substrate: Hard substrate in sciaphilic algal community. Depth: 15-40 m.
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<heading id="DD4E6C2CDF70FFDFFF1FFABC8A9E369A" bold="true" box="[151,747,1389,1416]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF70FFDFFF1FFABC8A9E369A" authority="Takeya, 1962" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,747,1389,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF1FFABC8A9E369A" bold="true" box="[151,747,1389,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF1FFABC8896369A" bold="true" box="[151,227,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF7CFABC89E93695" bold="true" box="[244,412,1389,1416]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFE25FABC8A35369A" bold="true" box="[429,576,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">matsumurai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFDCFFABC8A9E369A" author="Takeya, C." box="[583,747,1389,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="41 - 75" refId="ref7934" refString="Takeya, C. (1962) Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 1 (Hemiptera). Mushi, 36 (5), 41 - 75." type="journal article" year="1962">Takeya, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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(
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,
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF70FFDFFE87FA40896836B6" box="[271,285,1425,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">2</figureCitation>
A–C, 3A, B, 4A, 5A, B, 6A–C)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF1FFA0788A036F0" box="[151,213,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF6BFA07890536F3" box="[227,368,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFEF7FA07898D36F0" box="[383,504,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">matsumurai</emphasis>
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: macropterous
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF70FFDFFC3BFA078BB336F0" box="[947,966,1494,1517]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF70FFDFFC5AFA078C6536F0" box="[978,1040,1494,1517]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Japan</collectingCountry>
: Honshu, Kii, Mt. Koya; ELKU (http:// konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/elkutype/exec/refile.cgi?&amp;lang=jp&amp;no=0112&amp;tax=
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF70FFDFFBA9FA258C173511" ID-CoL="7X48" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[1057,1122,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tingis</taxonomicName>
%20(
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF70FFDFFB1DFA258D5C3511" ID-CoL="8GPV" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[1173,1321,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">Tropidocheila</taxonomicName>
)%20matsu murai%20Takeya).
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF1FF98189643574" bold="true" box="[151,273,1616,1641]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF1FF981897F3575" bold="true" box="[151,266,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">References</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFE91F9818A6D3574" author="Ishihara, T. &amp; Miyatake, M. &amp; Tomokuni, M. &amp; Tokihiro, G." box="[281,536,1616,1641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="69 - 74" refId="ref7143" refString="Ishihara, T., Miyatake, M., Tomokuni, M. &amp; Tokihiro, G. (1974) The Heteroptera of the Ehime University Forest. (Researches on the insect-fauna of Komenono University Forest, 3). Bulletin of the Ehime University Forest, 11, 69 - 74. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1974">
Ishihara
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFEFAF98089D53575" box="[370,416,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">et al</emphasis>
. (1974: 73)
</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFD3DF9818C543575" author="Miyamoto, S. &amp; Yasunaga, T." box="[693,1057,1616,1641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="151 - 188" refId="ref7504" refString="Miyamoto, S. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (1989) Heteroptera. In: Hirashima, Y. (Ed.), A Check List of Japanese Insects. I. Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, pp. 151 - 188. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1989">Miyamoto &amp; Yasunaga (1989: 168)</bibRefCitation>
(checklist:
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF70FFDFFB12F9808CAD3574" box="[1178,1240,1617,1641]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFB63F9818946359A" author="Pericart, J. &amp; Golub, V. B." pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="3 - 78" refId="ref7692" refString="Pericart, J. &amp; Golub, V. B. (1996) Superfamily Tingoidea Laporte, 1832. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2, Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 3 - 78." type="book chapter" year="1996">Péricart &amp; Golub (1996: 68)</bibRefCitation>
(checklist: Palaearctic);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFDBCF9BE8B7B359A" author="Maehara, S." box="[564,782,1647,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="131 - 137" refId="ref7437" refString="Maehara, S. (2010) [Heteroptera collected from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan. II]. Insekuto, 60 (2), 131 - 137. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Maehara (2010: 133)</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFC22F9BE8D7C359A" author="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M." box="[938,1289,1647,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="2 - 13" refId="ref7972" refString="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M. (2012) Family Tingidae Laporte, 1832. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 180 - 213, pls. 2 - 13. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2012">Yamada &amp; Tomokuni (2012: 210)</bibRefCitation>
(monograph);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFF4FF95F89D835BB" author="Yano, S. &amp; Takechi, L. &amp; Kikuhara, Y." box="[199,429,1678,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="23 - 52" refId="ref8045" refString="Yano, S., Takechi, L. &amp; Kikuhara, Y. (2013) Heteroptera of Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan (Insecta, Hemiptera) I. Bulletin of Omogo Mountain Museum, 5, 23 - 52. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2013">
Yano
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFE8CF95E894735BB" box="[260,306,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">et al</emphasis>
. (2013: 26)
</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFDC2F95F8B6235BB" author="Maehara, S." box="[586,791,1678,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref7472" refString="Maehara, S. (2014) [Tingidae from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan]. Insekuto, 65 (1), 57 - 64. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2014">Maehara (2014: 62)</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFC3DF95F8CE735BB" author="Komatsu, T." box="[949,1170,1678,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" refId="ref7344" refString="Komatsu, T. (2016) [Terrestrial heteropterans from Miyazaki-ken, Kyushu, Japan]. Kuroshio Bunko, Miyazaki, 139 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">Komatsu (2016: 101)</bibRefCitation>
(distribution); Yamada &amp;
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF70FFDFFF4FF97D895735D9" box="[199,290,1708,1732]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Ishikawa</collectingRegion>
(2016: 435) (checklist:
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF70FFDFFD91F97C8A2235D8" box="[537,599,1709,1733]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFDE0F97D8B3435D8" author="Ahn, S. J. &amp; Kim, W. G. &amp; Kim, S. S. &amp; Park, C. G." box="[616,833,1708,1733]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" refId="ref6625" refString="Ahn, S. J., Kim, W. G., Kim, S. S. &amp; Park, C. G. (2018) The Terrestrial Heteroptera of Korea. Nature &amp; Ecology, Seoul, 632 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="2018">
Ahn
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFD13F97C8ABC35D9" box="[667,713,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">et al</emphasis>
. (2018: 70)
</bibRefCitation>
(monograph);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFC53F97D8D4235D8" author="Hayashi, M. &amp; Kadowaki, H." box="[987,1335,1708,1733]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="297 - 316" refId="ref6959" refString="Hayashi, M. &amp; Kadowaki, H. (2018) Collecting records of Hemiptera from Oki Islands, Shimane Prefecture, Japan with a preliminary list of Hemiptera of the islands. Bulletin of the Hoshizaki Green Foundation, 21, 297 - 316. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2018">Hayashi &amp; Kadowaki (2018: 299)</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFE8CF91D898735FE" author="Ito, R. &amp; Sasaki, S." box="[260,498,1739,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref7203" refString="Ito, R. &amp; Sasaki, S. (2018) [Tingidae from Oita-ken, Kyushu, Japan (Heteroptera)]. Niho-no-Mushi, 56, 17 - 24. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2018">Ito &amp; Sasaki (2018: 21)</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFD03F91A8B1E35FE" author="Ikeda, N. &amp; Asanabe, H. &amp; Tamada, Y. &amp; Hinami, H. &amp; Miyazaki, A. &amp; Yasunaga, T. &amp; Serrano Leon, S. &amp; Nagashima, T. &amp; Tanaka, T." box="[651,875,1739,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="59 - 65" refId="ref7010" refString="Ikeda, N., Asanabe, H., Tamada, Y., Hinami, H., Miyazaki, A., Yasunaga, T., Serrano Leon, S., Nagashima, T. &amp; Tanaka, T. (2019) New distributional records for ten heteropteran species recently found in Nagasaki Prefecture, southwestern Japan. Rostria, 63, 59 - 65." type="journal article" year="2019">
Ikeda
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFD41F91D8A8035FE" box="[713,757,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">et al</emphasis>
. (2019: 60)
</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFB8CF91A8CA535FE" author="Nishida, M." box="[1028,1232,1739,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="191 - 192" refId="ref7561" refString="Nishida, M. (2019) [Tingidae and Aradidae mainly collected from northern Kyushu, Japan]. Saga-no-Kontyu, 54, 191 - 192. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2019">Nishida (2019: 191)</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFAE0F91A893F341F" author="Okochi, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref7593" refString="Okochi, A. (2019) [Tingidae collected from Sanin district, Honshu, Japan]. Sukashiba, 66, 1 - 4. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2019">Okochi (2019: 3)</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF70FFDFFE6BF93B8AB1341F" author="Cho, G. &amp; Kim, W. &amp; Kwon, Y. S. &amp; Lee, S." box="[483,708,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" pagination="736 - 745" refId="ref6674" refString="Cho, G., Kim, W., Kwon, Y. S. &amp; Lee, S. (2020) Check list of lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) of Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 23, 736 - 745. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.04.005" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cho
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFD9CF93A8A34341F" box="[532,577,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">et al</emphasis>
. (2020: 743)
</bibRefCitation>
(checklist:
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF70FFDFFCB2F93B8B09341F" box="[826,892,1770,1794]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Korea</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF70FFDFFF1FF8E189ED3457" bold="true" box="[151,408,1840,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF70FFDFFE28F8E088AB348F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254318" collectingDate="2018-04-29" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Saeki" country="Japan" county="Non-types" location="Tochigiken" municipality="Honshu" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" specimenCount="77" specimenCount-female="30" specimenCount-male="47">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF70FFDFFE28F8E08A603456" box="[416,533,1841,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Non-types</collectingCounty>
(macropterous
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<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF70FFDFFC95F8E18B1E3456" box="[797,875,1840,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="female">28 ♀♀</specimenCount>
1 terminalia missing),
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF70FFDFFBFBF8E18CB93457" box="[1139,1228,1840,1866]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF70FFDFFB5FF8E18D463457" box="[1239,1331,1840,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Honshu</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFAB6F8E188B73473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFAB6F8E188B73473" country="Japan" county="Non-types" municipality="Honshu" name="Tochigiken" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tochigiken</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFF46F88589F13473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFF46F88589F13473" box="[206,388,1876,1902]" country="Japan" county="Non-types" municipality="Honshu" name="Utsunomiya-shi" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Utsunomiya-shi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFE06F8858A473473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFE06F8858A473473" box="[398,562,1876,1902]" country="Japan" county="Non-types" municipality="Honshu" name="Tsuruta-machi" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tsuruta-machi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFDB5F8848A9B3473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFDB5F8848A9B3473" box="[573,750,1876,1903]" country="Japan" county="Non-types" municipality="Honshu" name="Tsuruta Swamp" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tsuruta Swamp</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF70FFDFFD71F8858B073473" box="[761,882,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2018-04-29">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF70FFDFFD71F8858B073473" box="[761,882,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2018-04-29">29.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF70FFDFFC25F8848C7D3473" box="[941,1032,1876,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">T. Saeki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF70FFDFFB90F8858C113472" box="[1048,1124,1876,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="male">11 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF70FFDFFBE3F8858CDF3472" box="[1131,1194,1876,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
1 terminalia missing,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF70FFDFFF1FF8A988A0348F" box="[151,213,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF70FFDFFF63F8A98DED348F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254307" box="[235,1432,1912,1939]" collectingDate="2020-06-24" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="S. Maehara" country="Japan" county="Tochigi-ken" location="Ohira-machi" municipality="Tochigi-shi" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF70FFDFFF63F8A98900348F" box="[235,373,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tochigi-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF70FFDFFE09F8A98A76348F" box="[385,515,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tochigi-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFD99F8A98AD4348F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFD99F8A98AD4348F" box="[529,673,1912,1938]" country="Japan" county="Tochigi-ken" municipality="Tochigi-shi" name="Ohira-machi" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Ohira-machi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFD27F8A98B1B348F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFD27F8A98B1B348F" box="[687,878,1912,1938]" country="Japan" county="Tochigi-ken" municipality="Tochigi-shi" name="Shimominagawa" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Shimominagawa</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF70FFDFFCF3F8A98B82348F" box="[891,1015,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2020-06-24">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF70FFDFFCF3F8A98B82348F" box="[891,1015,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2020-06-24">24.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
. leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF70FFDFFBBEF8A98CCD348F" box="[1078,1208,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">S. Maehara</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF70FFDFFB42F8A98D79348E" box="[1226,1292,1912,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF70FFDFFA9DF8A98D37348E" box="[1301,1346,1912,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF70FFDFFADAF8A98DE5348F" box="[1362,1424,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF70FFDFFF1FF84D893334C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254322" collectingDate="2016-05-14" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="Mt. Mitake-yama, N &amp; S. Shimamoto" country="Japan" county="Tokyo-to" elevation="870" location="Mitakesan" municipality="Ome-shi" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF70FFDFFF1FF84D897734AB" box="[151,258,1948,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Tôkyô-to</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF70FFDFFE84F84C891A34A5" box="[268,367,1949,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Ôme-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFEF2F84D898734AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFEF2F84D898734AB" box="[378,498,1948,1974]" country="Japan" county="Tokyo-to" municipality="Ome-shi" name="Mitakesan" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Mitakesan</location>
,
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF70FFDFFE73F84C8AAA34AA" box="[507,735,1948,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Mt. Mitake-yama, N</collectorName>
3547.039' E13909.008',
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFC64F84D8C6234AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFC64F84D8C6234AB" box="[1004,1047,1948,1974]" country="Japan" county="Tokyo-to" municipality="Ome-shi" name="Alt." pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Alt.</location>
<quantity id="414176A5DF70FFDFFB94F84D8C1134AA" box="[1052,1124,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="870.0">
<elevation id="0D943C73DF70FFDFFB94F84D8C1134AA" box="[1052,1124,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF70FFDFFBE7F84D8C9534AB" box="[1135,1248,1948,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2016-05-14">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF70FFDFFBE7F84D8C9534AB" box="[1135,1248,1948,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2016-05-14">14.v.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF70FFDFFA91F84D88CE34C6" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">S. Shimamoto</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF70FFDFFF44F811888034C6" box="[204,245,1984,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF70FFDFFE88F811894B34C7" box="[256,318,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF70FFDCFED8F81189B133AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254306" accessionNumber="N 13924" collectingDate="2017-12-16" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="286" location="Minami-ku" municipality="Sagamihara-shi" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF70FFDFFED8F811898E34C7" box="[336,507,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF70FFDFFD8DF8118AC334C7" box="[517,694,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Sagamihara-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFD48F8118B3434C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFD48F8118B3434C7" box="[704,833,1984,2010]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Sagamihara-shi" name="Minami-ku" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Minami-ku</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF70FFDFFCC2F8118BA634C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF70FFDFFCC2F8118BA634C7" box="[842,979,1984,2010]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Sagamihara-shi" name="Asamizodai" pageId="1" pageNumber="285">Asamizodai</location>
, 3532'02.5&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF70FFDFFBDDF8118CCF34C7" box="[1109,1210,1984,2011]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13924" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" type="EnaNcbi">N 13924</accessionNumber>
'43.3&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF70FFDFFA9EF8118DE234C7" box="[1302,1431,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2017-12-16">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF70FFDFFA9EF8118DE234C7" box="[1302,1431,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="285" value="2017-12-16">16.xii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFF41FF46894433AC" box="[201,305,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFECDFF46890433AC" box="[325,369,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFEF6FF4689C933AC" box="[382,444,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE59FF4689E233C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254332" accessionNumber="N 13926" collectingDate="2018-09-03" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Kamisohyagi" municipality="Yamato-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE59FF468A0933AC" box="[465,636,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFD0FFF468B7F33AC" box="[647,778,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Yamato-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC9FFF468BDA33AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC9FFF468BDA33AC" box="[791,943,151,177]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Yamato-shi" name="Kamisohyagi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kamisohyagi</location>
, 3528'39.7&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF73FFDCFBBCFF478CE933AC" box="[1076,1180,150,177]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13926" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="EnaNcbi">N 13926</accessionNumber>
'40.3&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFB72FF468D1333AC" box="[1274,1382,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-09-03">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFB72FF468D1333AC" box="[1274,1382,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-09-03">3.ix.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFF1FFF6A897433C8" box="[151,257,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFE9DFF6A893733C8" box="[277,322,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFED9FF6A89FA33C8" box="[337,399,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE2DFF6A8A3A33E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254313" collectingDate="2014-04-23" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="S. Shimura" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" latitude="35.43117" location="Funako" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.3476" municipality="Atsugi-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE2DFF6A8A2533C8" box="[421,592,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFDD4FF6A8AA133C8" box="[604,724,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Atsugi-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFD6AFF6A8B4C33C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFD6AFF6A8B4C33C8" box="[738,825,187,213]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" latitude="35.43117" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.3476" municipality="Atsugi-shi" name="Funako" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Funako</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFCCDFF6A8B9133C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFCCDFF6A8B9133C8" box="[837,996,187,213]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" latitude="35.43117" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.3476" municipality="Atsugi-shi" name="Atsugi Camp." pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Atsugi Camp.</location>
of TUA,
<geoCoordinate id="E38DBD87DF73FFDCFBD0FF6A8C9933C8" box="[1112,1260,186,213]" degrees="35.431171" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" precision="1" value="35.43117">N 35.431171</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38DBD87DF73FFDCFB7DFF6A8DED33C8" box="[1269,1432,187,213]" degrees="139.347602" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" precision="1" value="139.3476">E 139.347602</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFF1FFF0E896533E4" box="[151,272,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2014-04-23">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFF1FFF0E896533E4" box="[151,272,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2014-04-23">23.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFEC1FF0E89B133E4" box="[329,452,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">S. Shimura</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFE5DFF0E898B33E4" box="[469,510,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFD80FF0E8A3333E4" box="[520,582,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFDD1FF0E89B23200" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254311" accessionNumber="N 13920" collectingDate="2017-05-25" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Funako" municipality="Atsugi-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFDD1FF0E8B7133E4" box="[601,772,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFC84FF0E8BF133E4" box="[780,900,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Atsugi-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC05FF0E8B9133E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC05FF0E8B9133E4" box="[909,996,223,249]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Atsugi-shi" name="Funako" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Funako</location>
, 3525'58.3&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF73FFDCFBEEFF0F8CBE33E4" box="[1126,1227,222,249]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13920" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="EnaNcbi">N 13920</accessionNumber>
'48.6&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFAAFFF0F8DED33E4" box="[1319,1432,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2017-05-25">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFAAFFF0F8DED33E4" box="[1319,1432,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2017-05-25">25.v.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFF42FED289463200" box="[202,307,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFECFFED289063200" box="[327,371,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFE09FED289CA3200" box="[385,447,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE5DFED288AB325C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254339" collectingDate="2006-04-07" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Ishizaki" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Ono" municipality="Atsugi-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE5DFED28AF53200" box="[469,640,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFD03FED28B763200" box="[651,771,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Atsugi-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC98FED28B363200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC98FED28B363200" box="[784,835,259,285]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Atsugi-shi" name="Ono" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Ono</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFCD9FED28C5D3200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFCD9FED28C5D3200" box="[849,1064,259,285]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Atsugi-shi" name="Komachi-ryokuchi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Komachi-ryokuchi</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFBBCFED28CEA3200" box="[1076,1183,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2006-04-07">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFBBCFED28CEA3200" box="[1076,1183,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2006-04-07">7.iv.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFB57FED28D223200" box="[1247,1367,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">T. Ishizaki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFAE3FED28DE23200" box="[1387,1431,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFF1FFEF688A0325C" box="[151,213,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFF64FEF689553278" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254325" accessionNumber="N 13917" collectingDate="2017-04-15" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="H. Kidokoro" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Iiyama" municipality="Atsugi-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFF64FEF689E2325C" box="[236,407,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFE2BFEF68A6E325C" box="[419,539,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Atsugi-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFDA0FEF68A0C325C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFDA0FEF68A0C325C" box="[552,633,295,321]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Atsugi-shi" name="Iiyama" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Iiyama</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFD0FFEF68B76325C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFD0FFEF68B76325C" box="[647,771,295,321]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Atsugi-shi" name="Shiroyama" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Shiroyama</location>
, 3528'17.9&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF73FFDCFC01FEF78B87325C" box="[905,1010,294,321]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13917" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="EnaNcbi">N 13917</accessionNumber>
'54.8&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFBDAFEF78CBE325C" box="[1106,1227,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2017-04-15">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFBDAFEF78CBE325C" box="[1106,1227,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2017-04-15">15.iv.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFA84FEF68DE9325C" box="[1292,1436,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">H. Kidokoro</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFF2AFE9A88B83278" box="[162,205,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFF52FE9A896D3278" box="[218,280,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFEA4FE9A88AB3294" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254301" accessionNumber="N 13913" collectingDate="2018-03-27" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Mt. Oyama" municipality="Isehara-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFEA4FE9A89A23278" box="[300,471,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFE6BFE9A8A143278" box="[483,609,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Isehara-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFDE4FE9A8A853278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFDE4FE9A8A853278" box="[620,752,331,357]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Isehara-shi" name="Mt. Oyama" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Mt. Oyama</location>
, 3526'26.9&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF73FFDCFCFCFE9B8BAF3278" box="[884,986,330,357]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13913" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="EnaNcbi">N 13913</accessionNumber>
'50.0&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFBB1FE9A8CC03278" box="[1081,1205,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-03-27">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFBB1FE9A8CC03278" box="[1081,1205,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-03-27">27.iii.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFB7AFE9A8D2C3278" box="[1266,1369,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
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,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFF1FFEBE88A03294" box="[151,213,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFF60FEBE8DED3294" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254329" accessionNumber="N 13915" box="[232,1432,366,393]" collectingDate="2018-04-26" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Saeki" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Minamiyana" municipality="Hadano-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFF60FEBE89E63294" box="[232,403,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFE15FEBE8A543294" box="[413,545,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Hadano-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFDA3FEBE8ACE3294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFDA3FEBE8ACE3294" box="[555,699,367,393]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Hadano-shi" name="Minamiyana" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Minamiyana</location>
, 3522'30.5&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF73FFDCFCB6FEBF8BD13294" box="[830,932,366,393]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13915" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="EnaNcbi">N 13915</accessionNumber>
'01.1&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFB88FEBE8C0C3294" box="[1024,1145,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-04-26">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFB88FEBE8C0C3294" box="[1024,1145,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-04-26">26.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFB3AFEBE8D793294" box="[1202,1292,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">T. Saeki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFA95FEBE8D323294" box="[1309,1351,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFADAFEBE8DE53294" box="[1362,1424,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFF1FFE428D6532B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254319" box="[151,1296,403,429]" collectingDate="2009-05-04" collectionCode="TUA" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Minoge" municipality="Hadano-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFF1FFE42893732B0" box="[151,322,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFEC6FE4289A732B0" box="[334,466,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Hadano-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFE56FE428A4D32B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFE56FE428A4D32B0" box="[478,568,403,429]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Hadano-shi" name="Minoge" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Minoge</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFDCCFE428A8732B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFDCCFE428A8732B0" box="[580,754,403,429]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Hadano-shi" name="Harutake-rindo" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Harutake-rindô</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFD77FE428B1432B0" box="[767,865,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2009-05-04">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFD77FE428B1432B0" box="[767,865,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2009-05-04">4.v.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. T.
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF73FFDCFC35FE428C5732B0" box="[957,1058,403,429]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Ishikawa</collectingRegion>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFBBAFE428C0632B0" box="[1074,1139,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFBF3FE428CC932B0" box="[1147,1212,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFB42FE428D7D32B0" box="[1226,1288,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFA95FE42890232E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254304" collectingDate="2017-02-27" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="Near Mt. Zukko Yama, N &amp; S. Shimamoto" country="Japan" county="Kanagawaken" elevation="230" location="Tochikubo" municipality="Hadano-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFA95FE4288B732CC" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawaken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFF44FE66892532CC" box="[204,336,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Hadano-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFED2FE6689A132CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFED2FE6689A132CC" box="[346,468,439,465]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawaken" municipality="Hadano-shi" name="Tochikubo" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Tochikubo</location>
,
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFE56FE668A8032CC" box="[478,757,438,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Near Mt. Zukkô Yama, N</collectorName>
3521.730' E13911.211',
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC77FE668C5E32CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC77FE668C5E32CC" box="[1023,1067,439,465]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawaken" municipality="Hadano-shi" name="Alt." pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Alt.</location>
<quantity id="414176A5DF73FFDCFBB8FE668C0D32CC" box="[1072,1144,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="230.0">
<elevation id="0D943C73DF73FFDCFBB8FE668C0D32CC" box="[1072,1144,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFB0AFE668C8332CC" box="[1154,1270,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2017-02-27">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFB0AFE668C8332CC" box="[1154,1270,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2017-02-27">27.ii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFAA7FE6688A432E8" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">S. Shimamoto</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFF69FE0A895632E8" box="[225,291,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFEB9FE0A891A32E8" box="[305,367,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE0CFE0A88AB3104" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254334" collectingDate="2018-04-30" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Yamakita-machi" municipality="Ashigarakami-gun" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE0CFE0A8A5A32E8" box="[388,559,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFDB1FE0A8B7932E8" box="[569,780,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Ashigarakami-gun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC90FE0A8BA632E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC90FE0A8BA632E8" box="[792,979,475,501]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Ashigarakami-gun" name="Yamakita-machi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Yamakita-machi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC56FE0A8C6C32E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC56FE0A8C6C32E8" box="[990,1049,475,501]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Ashigarakami-gun" name="Yaga" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Yaga</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFBADFE0A8CEB32E8" box="[1061,1182,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-04-30">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFBADFE0A8CEB32E8" box="[1061,1182,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-04-30">30.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFB54FE0A8D3132E8" box="[1244,1348,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFADDFE0A8DE332E8" box="[1365,1430,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFF1FFE2E88A03104" box="[151,213,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFF62FE2E89B33120" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254326" collectingDate="2018-06-30" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" latitude="35.445972" location="Yamakita-machi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.0479" municipality="Ashigarakami-gun" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFF62FE2E89E03104" box="[234,405,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFE17FE2E8A073104" box="[415,626,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Ashigarakami-gun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFDF6FE2E8B4C3104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFDF6FE2E8B4C3104" box="[638,825,511,537]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" latitude="35.445972" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.0479" municipality="Ashigarakami-gun" name="Yamakita-machi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Yamakita-machi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFCCCFE2E8BC83104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFCCCFE2E8BC83104" box="[836,957,511,537]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" latitude="35.445972" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.0479" municipality="Ashigarakami-gun" name="Nakagawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Nakagawa</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38DBD87DF73FFDCFC42FE2F8C163104" box="[970,1123,510,537]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" precision="1" seconds="45.5" value="35.445972">35°26'45.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E38DBD87DF73FFDCFBE3FE2F8D643104" box="[1131,1297,510,537]" degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" precision="1" seconds="52.4" value="139.0479">139°02'52.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFA95FE2E8DED3104" box="[1309,1432,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-06-30">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFA95FE2E8DED3104" box="[1309,1432,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2018-06-30">30.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFF41FDF289473120" box="[201,306,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFECEFDF289073120" box="[326,370,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFE08FDF289CB3120" box="[384,446,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE5BFDF289AD317C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254309" accessionNumber="N 13911" collectingDate="2019-03-20" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" location="Kamisoga" municipality="Odawara-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE5BFDF28A0B3120" box="[467,638,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kanagawa-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFD03FDF28B683120" box="[651,797,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Odawara-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFCA2FDF28BEB3120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFCA2FDF28BEB3120" box="[810,926,547,573]" country="Japan" county="Kanagawa-ken" municipality="Odawara-shi" name="Kamisoga" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Kamisoga</location>
, 3519'12.9&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF73FFDCFBACFDF38CFF3120" box="[1060,1162,546,573]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13911" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="EnaNcbi">N 13911</accessionNumber>
'20.8&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFB62FDF28D103120" box="[1258,1381,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2019-03-20">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFB62FDF28D103120" box="[1258,1381,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2019-03-20">20.iii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFF1FFD96888A317C" box="[151,255,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFE9AFD96894E317C" box="[274,315,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFECBFD9689F1317C" box="[323,388,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFE1AFD9689A4317C" box="[402,465,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE6CFD96890E3198" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254320" collectingDate="1994-05" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="Asia C." country="Japan" county="Kesennuma-Oshima Island" location="Kesennuma-shi" municipality="Miyagi-ken" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE6CFD968B6C317C" box="[484,793,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kesennuma-Oshima Island</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFCADFD968BDE317C" box="[805,939,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Miyagi-ken</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC3EFD968C12317C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC3EFD968C12317C" box="[950,1127,583,609]" country="Japan" county="Kesennuma-Oshima Island" municipality="Miyagi-ken" name="Kesennuma-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Kesennuma-shi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFBFCFD968CBB317C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFBFCFD968CBB317C" box="[1140,1230,583,609]" country="Japan" county="Kesennuma-Oshima Island" municipality="Miyagi-ken" name="Oshima" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Oshima</location>
, 1920.
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFA91FD968D13317C" box="[1305,1382,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="1994-05">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFA91FD968D13317C" box="[1305,1382,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="1994-05">v.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFF1FFDBA889E3198" box="[151,235,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Asia C.</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFF76FDBA89533198" box="[254,294,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFEBCFDBA89063198" box="[308,371,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE0DFDBA895A31B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254314" collectingDate="2020-06-05" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Saeki" country="Japan" county="Sado Island" location="Sado-shi" municipality="Niigata-ken" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE0DFDBA8A7B3198" box="[389,526,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Sado Island</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFD90FDBA8AEA3198" box="[536,671,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Niigata-ken</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFD23FDBA8B653198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFD23FDBA8B653198" box="[683,784,619,645]" country="Japan" county="Sado Island" municipality="Niigata-ken" name="Sado-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Sado-shi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC93FDBA8BDE3198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC93FDBA8BDE3198" box="[795,939,619,645]" country="Japan" county="Sado Island" municipality="Niigata-ken" name="Kanaishinbo" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Kanaishinbo</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC3FFDBA8C1B3198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC3FFDBA8C1B3198" box="[951,1134,619,645]" country="Japan" county="Sado Island" municipality="Niigata-ken" name="Osado Sky Line" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Osado Sky Line</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFBF2FDBB8C933198" box="[1146,1254,618,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-05">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFBF2FDBB8C933198" box="[1146,1254,618,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-05">5.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFAAAFDBA8D083198" box="[1314,1405,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">T. Saeki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFA18FDBA88D931B4" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFF3AFD5E88A931B4" box="[178,220,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFF61FD5E895231B4" box="[233,295,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFEB2FD5E8D5831B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254323" box="[314,1325,655,681]" collectingDate="2020-06-06" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Saeki" country="Japan" county="Niigata-ken" location="Shimoaikawa" municipality="Sado-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ishikawa">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFEB2FD5E89B431B4" box="[314,449,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Niigata-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFE43FD5E8A4531B4" box="[459,560,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Sado-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFDB2FD5E8AA031B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFDB2FD5E8AA031B4" box="[570,725,655,681]" country="Japan" county="Niigata-ken" municipality="Sado-shi" name="Shimoaikawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Shimoaikawa</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFD68FD5E8BE331B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFD68FD5E8BE331B4" box="[736,918,655,681]" country="Japan" county="Niigata-ken" municipality="Sado-shi" name="Osado Sky Line" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ishikawa">Osado Sky Line</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFC28FD5E8C7831B4" box="[928,1037,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-06">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFC28FD5E8C7831B4" box="[928,1037,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-06">6.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFBCFFD5E8CD431B4" box="[1095,1185,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">T. Saeki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFB3BFD5E8CA931B4" box="[1203,1244,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFB6FFD5E8D5331B4" box="[1255,1318,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFABFFD5E8B9A31D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254324" collectingDate="2003-07-09" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Kurihara" country="Japan" county="Shikoku" location="Kanbayashi" municipality="Shigenobu-cho" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ehime">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFABFFD5E8DEC31B4" box="[1335,1433,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Shikoku</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF73FFDCFF1FFD62889631D0" box="[151,227,691,717]" country="Japan" name="Ehime" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Ehime</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFF66FD6289EF31D0" box="[238,410,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Shigenobu-chô</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFE2CFD628A5E31D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFE2CFD628A5E31D0" box="[420,555,691,717]" country="Japan" county="Shikoku" municipality="Shigenobu-cho" name="Kanbayashi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Ehime">Kanbayashi</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFDBEFD628ADF31D0" box="[566,682,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2003-07-09">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFDBEFD628ADF31D0" box="[566,682,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2003-07-09">9.vii.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFD6BFD628B1131D0" box="[739,868,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">T. Kurihara</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFCFDFD628BE931D0" box="[885,924,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFC21FD628B9D31D0" box="[937,1000,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFC71FD628CFC31EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254312" collectingDate="2020-04-25" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="N. Tsuji" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" location="Nishi-ku" municipality="Fukuoka-shi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFC71FD628C2031D0" box="[1017,1109,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Kyushu</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF73FFDCFBD6FD628C8A31D0" box="[1118,1279,691,717]" country="Japan" name="Fukuoka" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fukuoka Pref.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFA81FD628DED31D0" box="[1289,1432,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fukuoka-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFF1FFD06888931EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFF1FFD06888931EC" box="[151,252,727,753]" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" municipality="Fukuoka-shi" name="Nishi-ku" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Nishi-ku</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFE8FFD06891A31EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFE8FFD06891A31EC" box="[263,367,727,753]" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" municipality="Fukuoka-shi" name="Motooka" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Motooka</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFEF2FD068A3A31EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFEF2FD068A3A31EC" box="[378,591,727,753]" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" municipality="Fukuoka-shi" name="Kyushu University" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Kyushu University</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFDD2FD068AA431EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFDD2FD068AA431EC" box="[602,721,727,753]" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" municipality="Fukuoka-shi" name="Ito Camus" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Ito Camus</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFD54FD078B2031EC" box="[732,853,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-04-25">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFD54FD078B2031EC" box="[732,853,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-04-25">25.iv.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFC18FD068B9C31EC" box="[912,1001,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">N. Tsuji</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFC73FD068C5031EC" box="[1019,1061,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFBB9FD068CF431EC" box="[1073,1153,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFB1CFD0689443008" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254303" collectingDate="2020-04-27" collectionCode="ELKU" country="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka">
as above but
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFAAEFD068DE931EC" box="[1318,1436,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-04-27">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFAAEFD068DE931EC" box="[1318,1436,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-04-27">27.iv.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFF2AFD2A88BE3008" box="[162,203,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFF51FD2A895C3008" box="[217,297,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFEB4FD2A8B363008" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254338" box="[316,835,762,789]" collectingDate="2020-06-15" collectionCode="ELKU" country="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Fukuoka">
as above but
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFE47FD2B8A323008" box="[463,583,762,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-15">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFE47FD2B8A323008" box="[463,583,762,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-15">15.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFDDFFD2A8AE23008" box="[599,663,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFD16FD2A8AAB3008" box="[670,734,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFD63FD2A8B4E3008" box="[747,827,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFCC6FD2A89A93024" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254310" accessionNumber="N 13012" collectingDate="2020-06-17" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="J. Souma" country="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka">
as above but 3335'50.3&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF73FFDCFBD2FD2B8CB43008" box="[1114,1217,762,789]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13012" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="EnaNcbi">N 13012</accessionNumber>
'52.4&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFA95FD2A8DED3008" box="[1309,1432,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-17">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFA95FD2A8DED3008" box="[1309,1432,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2020-06-17">17.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFF42FCCE89413024" box="[202,308,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">J. Souma</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFEC1FCCE89013024" box="[329,372,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFE0CFCCE89A13024" box="[388,468,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE62FCCE89D03040" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254333" collectingDate="2019-04-19" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="Y. Tamadera" country="Japan" county="Fukuoka-ken" location="Soeda-machi" municipality="Tagawa-gun" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF73FFDCFE62FCCE8AF43024" box="[490,641,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fukuoka-ken</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFD06FCCE8B6E3024" box="[654,795,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tagawa-gun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFCA1FCCE8BCB3024" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFCA1FCCE8BCB3024" box="[809,958,799,825]" country="Japan" county="Fukuoka-ken" municipality="Tagawa-gun" name="Soeda-machi" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Soeda-machi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFC44FCCE8C6C3024" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFC44FCCE8C6C3024" box="[972,1049,799,825]" country="Japan" county="Fukuoka-ken" municipality="Tagawa-gun" name="Ochiai" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Ochiai</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFBAFFCCE8CCB3024" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFBAFFCCE8CCB3024" box="[1063,1214,799,825]" country="Japan" county="Fukuoka-ken" municipality="Tagawa-gun" name="Fukakurakyo" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Fukakurakyo</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFB44FCCE8D313024" box="[1228,1348,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2019-04-19">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFB44FCCE8D313024" box="[1228,1348,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2019-04-19">19.iv.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFA0DFCCE89703040" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Y. Tamadera</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFE9FFC92894A3040" box="[279,319,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFEC5FC9289E83040" box="[333,413,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF73FFDCFE38FC928CA93040" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254337" box="[432,1244,834,861]" collectingDate="2015-06-06" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="N. Tsuji" country="Japan" location="Hakuzan Dam" municipality="Fuji-ch" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Saga">
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF73FFDCFE38FC928A523040" box="[432,551,835,861]" country="Japan" name="Saga" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Saga Pref.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF73FFDCFDB9FC928AF03040" box="[561,645,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fuji-ch</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF73FFDCFD18FC928B413040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF70FFDCFF1FFABC88903453:83668D9BDF73FFDCFD18FC928B413040" box="[656,820,835,861]" country="Japan" municipality="Fuji-ch" name="Hakuzan Dam" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Saga">Hakuzan Dam</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF73FFDCFCB7FC938BDE3040" box="[831,939,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2015-06-06">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF73FFDCFCB7FC938BDE3040" box="[831,939,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" value="2015-06-06">6.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF73FFDCFC6FFC928C343040" box="[999,1089,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">N. Tsuji</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF73FFDCFBDBFC928C083040" box="[1107,1149,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF73FFDCFB01FC928CA33040" box="[1161,1238,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFB64FC928D453040" box="[1260,1328,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,993,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Collection sites of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan used in present study. Blue icons = T. (Tr.) matsumurai; green icons = T. (Tr.) shaowuana; red icons = T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. Circle = holotype locality; triangles = other localities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417720/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF73FFDCFF4FFCB78CB837BC" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFF4FFCB789A7309C" bold="true" box="[199,466,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
Recognized among other species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFCFDFCB68C64309C" ID-CoL="8GPV" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[885,1041,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFCFDFCB68C64309C" box="[885,1041,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a combination of the following characters: general color black (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFD89FC5A8A1330B8" box="[513,614,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFDFBFC5A8ACC30B8" box="[627,697,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1599,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-115@7.[151,1436,1599,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Living mature and teneral adults (A, B) of Tingis (Tropidocheila) matsumurai from Tochigi, Honshu, Japan (photographs taken in captivity). Feeding habitat of adult of T. (Tr.) matsumurai (C) on host tree Cornus controversa at Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan (photographs taken in field)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417718/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">6A, B</figureCitation>
); pubescence on dorsum shorter than diameter of compound eye; head with five spines (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFE18FC7E899F30D4" box="[400,490,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); a pair of frontal spines reaching beyond tip of clypeus; median spine reaching bases of frontal spines; a pair of occipital spines reaching middle of compound eyes; rostrum reaching middle of metasternum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFF51FC268941370C" box="[217,308,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of hood curved outward throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum distinct on pronotal disc; paranotum ridge-shaped, subvertical, with a single row of areolae in anterior half, without areolae in posterior half (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFED6FBEE89CD3744" box="[350,440,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); costal area of hemelytron with 2 rows of areolae throughout its length, narrower than subcostal area at widest part of each (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFDC8FBB28AEC3760" box="[576,665,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
); subcostal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 9 rows of areolae at widest part; and sutural area with 11–12 rows of areolae at widest part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF73FFDCFF4FFB7B8C93362C" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF73FFDCFF4FFB7B8C93362C" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFF4FFB7B899E37D9" bold="true" box="[199,491,1194,1220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Description of genitalia.</emphasis>
Pygophore (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFD09FB7A8A9D37D8" box="[641,744,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1398,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-93@6.[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Apical part of the abdomen of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai, male (A) and female (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C) and female (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFD7FFB7B8B6C37D8" box="[759,793,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,985,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-67@7.[151,1436,980,1492]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parameres and pygophores of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A, B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C, D). Scale bars: A, C, 0.1 mm; B, D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417716/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">5B</figureCitation>
) compressed dorsoventrally, hexagonal in ventral view, elevated at center of venter, concave at anterior margin of dorsum. Paramere (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFB9DFB1E8C1A37F4" box="[1045,1135,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,985,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-67@7.[151,1436,980,1492]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parameres and pygophores of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A, B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C, D). Scale bars: A, C, 0.1 mm; B, D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417716/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) expanded in middle part, curved inward in apical part; outer and inner margins covered with pubescence in middle part. Female terminalia (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFF28FAC68880362C" box="[160,245,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1398,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-93@6.[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Apical part of the abdomen of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai, male (A) and female (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C) and female (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) pentagonal in ventral view, covered with pubescence; ovipositor with ovivalvula at base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF73FFDCFF4FFAEB8CAC3680" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF73FFDCFF4FFAEB8A4D3664" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFF4FFAEB89143649" bold="true" box="[199,353,1338,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF73FFDCFEEFFAEA89D23648" box="[359,423,1339,1365]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu, Kesennuma-Oshima Island, Sado Island, Dogo Island, Nakanoshima Island, Shikoku, Kyushu, Fukue Island);
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF73FFDCFE64FA8E8A413664" box="[492,564,1375,1401]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF73FFDCFF4FFA528CAC3680" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1870]" box="[199,1241,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">
In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF73FFDCFF6EFA52895C3680" box="[230,297,1411,1437]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFEBBFA528ACF3681" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[307,698,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFEBBFA5289023681" box="[307,375,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFE00FA528A513680" box="[392,548,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFDBCFA528ACF3681" box="[564,698,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits deciduous forests of temperate climate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF73FFDCFF4FFA7688903453" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF73FFDCFF4FFA76896A3530" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFF4FFA76893B36DC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Host plant.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF73FFDCFEFFFA7689CF36DC" box="[375,442,1447,1473]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFE4FFA768B1C36DC" authority="Helms. ex Prain" authorityName="Prain" box="[455,873,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFE4FFA768ADD36DD" box="[455,680,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Cornus controversa</emphasis>
Helms. ex Prain
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFC2CFA768C9336DC" box="[932,1254,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophylla">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFC2CFA768BC236DC" box="[932,951,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFC4FFA768C2136DC" box="[967,1108,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">macrophylla</emphasis>
(Cornaceae)
</taxonomicName>
have been confirmed as host plants of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFE30FA1A8B3336F9" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[440,838,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFE30FA1A898936F9" box="[440,508,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFD98FA1A8AD936F8" box="[528,684,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFD48FA1A8B3336F9" box="[704,838,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFCD0FA1A8C7736F8" author="Maehara, S." box="[856,1026,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="131 - 137" refId="ref7437" refString="Maehara, S. (2010) [Heteroptera collected from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan. II]. Insekuto, 60 (2), 131 - 137. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Maehara 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFB98FA1A8C3936F8" author="Maehara, S." box="[1040,1100,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref7472" refString="Maehara, S. (2014) [Tingidae from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan]. Insekuto, 65 (1), 57 - 64. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFBD2FA1A8DED36F8" author="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M." box="[1114,1432,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="2 - 13" refId="ref7972" refString="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M. (2012) Family Tingidae Laporte, 1832. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 180 - 213, pls. 2 - 13. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2012">Yamada &amp; Tomokuni 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFF1FFA3E894B3514" author="Komatsu, T." box="[151,318,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" refId="ref7344" refString="Komatsu, T. (2016) [Terrestrial heteropterans from Miyazaki-ken, Kyushu, Japan]. Kuroshio Bunko, Miyazaki, 139 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">Komatsu 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFEC0FA3E8A603514" author="Ito, R. &amp; Sasaki, S." box="[328,533,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref7203" refString="Ito, R. &amp; Sasaki, S. (2018) [Tingidae from Oita-ken, Kyushu, Japan (Heteroptera)]. Niho-no-Mushi, 56, 17 - 24. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2018">Ito &amp; Sasaki 2018</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF73FFDCFDCBFA3E8AFF3514" box="[579,650,1519,1545]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFD1DFA3E8B4C3515" box="[661,825,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFD1DFA3E8ADD3514" box="[661,680,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFD3CFA3E8B4C3515" box="[692,825,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">controversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confirmed as a host plant of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFAE2FA3E89663530" author="Ahn, S. J. &amp; Kim, W. G. &amp; Kim, S. S. &amp; Park, C. G." pageId="2" pageNumber="286" refId="ref6625" refString="Ahn, S. J., Kim, W. G., Kim, S. S. &amp; Park, C. G. (2018) The Terrestrial Heteroptera of Korea. Nature &amp; Ecology, Seoul, 632 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="2018">
Ahn
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFF1FF9C288BD3530" box="[151,200,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF73FFDCFF4FF9E78B2F35A0" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFF4FF9E78952354D" bold="true" box="[199,295,1590,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Biology.</emphasis>
Although many tingids generally feed on the abaxial surface of leaves of their respective host plants (
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFF17F98A89CE3568" author="Schuh, R. T. &amp; Weirauch, C." box="[159,443,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" refId="ref7757" refString="Schuh, R. T. &amp; Weirauch, C. (2020) True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history (Second Edition). Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, 768 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="2020">Schuh &amp; Weirauch 2020</bibRefCitation>
), several individuals of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFD44F98A8C203569" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[716,1109,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFD44F98A8B653569" box="[716,784,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFCAAF98A8BCB3568" box="[802,958,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFC47F98A8C203569" box="[975,1109,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from flowers and fruits of the host tree
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFE35F9AE8AE83585" box="[445,669,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFE35F9AE8AE83585" box="[445,669,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Cornus controversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF73FFDCFD5DF9AE8BF13584" box="[725,900,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophylla">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFD5DF9AE8A9D3584" box="[725,744,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFD7FF9AE8BF13584" box="[759,900,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">macrophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF73FFDCFC21F9AE8B9C3584" box="[937,1001,1663,1689]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFC71F9AE8CD53584" author="Maehara, S." box="[1017,1184,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="131 - 137" refId="ref7437" refString="Maehara, S. (2010) [Heteroptera collected from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan. II]. Insekuto, 60 (2), 131 - 137. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Maehara 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFB24F9AE8C933584" author="Maehara, S." box="[1196,1254,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref7472" refString="Maehara, S. (2014) [Tingidae from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan]. Insekuto, 65 (1), 57 - 64. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF73FFDCFB75F9AE8D223587" box="[1277,1367,1663,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1599,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-115@7.[151,1436,1599,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Living mature and teneral adults (A, B) of Tingis (Tropidocheila) matsumurai from Tochigi, Honshu, Japan (photographs taken in captivity). Feeding habitat of adult of T. (Tr.) matsumurai (C) on host tree Cornus controversa at Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan (photographs taken in field)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417718/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), suggesting that this lace bug readily feed on the flowers and fruits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF73FFDCFF4FF91688903453" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">
In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF73FFDCFF6DF916895D35FC" box="[229,296,1735,1761]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">Japan</collectingCountry>
, adults were collected in almost all seasons; nymphs were collected in June; the overwintering stage is adult (
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFF55F93A89073418" author="Takeya, C." box="[221,370,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="41 - 75" refId="ref7934" refString="Takeya, C. (1962) Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 1 (Hemiptera). Mushi, 36 (5), 41 - 75." type="journal article" year="1962">Takeya 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFEF5F93A8A2D3418" author="Ishihara, T. &amp; Miyatake, M. &amp; Tomokuni, M. &amp; Tokihiro, G." box="[381,600,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="69 - 74" refId="ref7143" refString="Ishihara, T., Miyatake, M., Tomokuni, M. &amp; Tokihiro, G. (1974) The Heteroptera of the Ehime University Forest. (Researches on the insect-fauna of Komenono University Forest, 3). Bulletin of the Ehime University Forest, 11, 69 - 74. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1974">
Ishihara
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF73FFDCFE56F93A8A7A3418" box="[478,527,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="286">et al</emphasis>
. 1974
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFDECF93A8B7D3418" author="Maehara, S." box="[612,776,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="131 - 137" refId="ref7437" refString="Maehara, S. (2010) [Heteroptera collected from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan. II]. Insekuto, 60 (2), 131 - 137. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Maehara 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFC9AF93A8B3B3418" author="Maehara, S." box="[786,846,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref7472" refString="Maehara, S. (2014) [Tingidae from Tochigi-ken, Honshu, Japan]. Insekuto, 65 (1), 57 - 64. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
;
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Yano
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. 2013
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;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF73FFDCFCBDF8DE8B833434" author="Ikeda, N. &amp; Asanabe, H. &amp; Tamada, Y. &amp; Hinami, H. &amp; Miyazaki, A. &amp; Yasunaga, T. &amp; Serrano Leon, S. &amp; Nagashima, T. &amp; Tanaka, T." box="[821,1014,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="286" pagination="59 - 65" refId="ref7010" refString="Ikeda, N., Asanabe, H., Tamada, Y., Hinami, H., Miyazaki, A., Yasunaga, T., Serrano Leon, S., Nagashima, T. &amp; Tanaka, T. (2019) New distributional records for ten heteropteran species recently found in Nagasaki Prefecture, southwestern Japan. Rostria, 63, 59 - 65." type="journal article" year="2019">
Ikeda
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. 2019
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;
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;
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; present study).
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For other synonyms and detailed description see
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and
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For other synonyms and detailed description see
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and
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,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFF1FFAEE89543647" box="[151,289,1343,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2018-08-15">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFF1FFAEE89543647" box="[151,289,1343,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2018-08-15">15.viii.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFEEBFA9189A33644" box="[355,470,1343,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">M. Genka</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFE60FAEE8A4C3644" box="[488,569,1343,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFDC7FAEE8ABF364A" bold="true" box="[591,714,1343,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<typeStatus id="590265E2DF72FFDDFDC7FAEE8ABF364A" box="[591,714,1343,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(macropterous
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFCF7FAEE8BB43647" box="[895,961,1343,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">9 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFC43FA918C783647" box="[971,1037,1344,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
),
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFBA0FAEE89063663" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254327" collectionCode="ELKU" country="Japan" location="Honshu" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFBA0FAEE8CF43644" box="[1064,1153,1343,1369]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFB06FAEE8C9F3644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFB06FAEE8C9F3644" box="[1166,1258,1343,1369]" country="Japan" name="Honshu" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Honshu</location>
: as
<typeStatus id="590265E2DF72FFDDFA91FAEE8D0E3644" box="[1305,1403,1343,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFA06FAEE88B43663" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFF42FAB289793663" box="[202,268,1379,1406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFE93FAB5891E3663" box="[283,363,1380,1406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFEF7FAB2896136BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254336" collectingDate="2019-07-24" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="Y. Noto" country="Japan" county="Yokosuzu Mountain" location="Tokyo-to" municipality="Nippara" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFEF7FAB2899D3660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFEF7FAB2899D3660" box="[383,488,1379,1405]" country="Japan" county="Yokosuzu Mountain" municipality="Nippara" name="Tokyo-to" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tokyo-to</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFE7DFAB28AD93660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFE7DFAB28AD93660" box="[501,684,1379,1405]" country="Japan" county="Yokosuzu Mountain" municipality="Nippara" name="Okutama-machi" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Okutama-machi</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFD31FAB28B633660" box="[697,790,1379,1405]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Nippara</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF72FFDDFCABFAB28C723660" box="[803,1031,1379,1405]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Yokosuzu Mountain</collectingCounty>
Ridge,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFBEBFAB28C913660" box="[1123,1252,1379,1405]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2019-07-24">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFBEBFAB28C913660" box="[1123,1252,1379,1405]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2019-07-24">24.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFAABFAB58D093663" box="[1315,1404,1380,1406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Y. Noto</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFA18FAB288DB36BF" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFF35FA59897836BF" box="[189,269,1416,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFEAAFA56897436D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254305" collectingDate="2020-06-30" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Saeki" country="Japan" county="Nishiodaira-Shigarakubi" location="Ishikawa-ken" municipality="Obishike-machi" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFEAAFA5689C936BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFEAAFA5689C936BC" box="[290,444,1415,1441]" country="Japan" county="Nishiodaira-Shigarakubi" municipality="Obishike-machi" name="Ishikawa-ken" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Ishikawa-ken</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFE41FA568A1F36BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFE41FA568A1F36BC" box="[457,618,1415,1441]" country="Japan" county="Nishiodaira-Shigarakubi" municipality="Obishike-machi" name="Kanazawa-shi" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Kanazawa-shi</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFDF0FA568B5B36BC" box="[632,814,1415,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Obishike-machi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF72FFDDFCB3FA568C2336BC" box="[827,1110,1415,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Nishiodaira–Shigarakubi</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFBECFA568CAB36BC" box="[1124,1246,1415,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2020-06-30">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFBECFA568CAB36BC" box="[1124,1246,1415,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2020-06-30">30.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFA96FA598D0E36BC" box="[1310,1403,1415,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">T. Saeki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFA18FA5688DB36DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFF33FA7A888C36D8" box="[187,249,1451,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFE86FA7A895F36F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254331" accessionNumber="N 13646" collectingDate="2020-06-30" collectionCode="TUA" collectorName="T. Saeki" country="Japan" county="Obishike-machi" location="Ishikawa-ken" municipality="Kanazawa-shi" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFE86FA7A89DD36D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFE86FA7A89DD36D8" box="[270,424,1451,1477]" country="Japan" county="Obishike-machi" municipality="Kanazawa-shi" name="Ishikawa-ken" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Ishikawa-ken</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFE3BFA7A8A2136D8" box="[435,596,1451,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Kanazawa-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF72FFDDFDE9FA7A8B6236D8" box="[609,791,1451,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Obishike-machi</collectingCounty>
, 3631'44&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF72FFDDFC0EFA7A8B8436D8" box="[902,1009,1451,1477]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13646" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="EnaNcbi">N 13646</accessionNumber>
'13&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFBBFFA7A8CC436D8" box="[1079,1201,1451,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2020-06-30">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFBBFFA7A8CC436D8" box="[1079,1201,1451,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2020-06-30">30.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFB66FA7D8D3F36D8" box="[1262,1354,1451,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">T. Saeki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFAD4FA7A8DE936DB" box="[1372,1436,1451,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFF1FFA1E88A236F7" box="[151,215,1487,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFF6CFA1E895736F4" box="[228,290,1487,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">TUA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFEBDFA1E88873513" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254308" collectingDate="2020-06-16" collectionCode="IIM" collectorName="H. Fukutomi" country="Japan" county="Nishiodaira" location="Ishikawa-ken" municipality="Iozen" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFEBDFA1E89BA36F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFEBDFA1E89BA36F4" box="[309,463,1487,1513]" country="Japan" county="Nishiodaira" municipality="Iozen" name="Ishikawa-ken" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Ishikawa-ken</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFE52FA1E8A0E36F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFE52FA1E8A0E36F4" box="[474,635,1487,1513]" country="Japan" county="Nishiodaira" municipality="Iozen" name="Kanazawa-shi" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Kanazawa-shi</location>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFD0EFA1E8B2436F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFD6FF1FFB7E8D6B30D4:83668D9BDF72FFDDFD0EFA1E8B2436F4" box="[646,849,1487,1513]" country="Japan" county="Nishiodaira" municipality="Iozen" name="Tanoshima-machi" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tanoshima-machi</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFCD4FA1E8BE836F4" box="[860,925,1487,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Iôzen</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF72FFDDFC20FA1E8C5B36F4" box="[936,1070,1487,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Nishiodaira</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFBB1FA1E8CC136F4" box="[1081,1204,1487,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2020-06-16">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFBB1FA1E8CC136F4" box="[1081,1204,1487,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2020-06-16">16.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFB67FA018D0B36F4" box="[1263,1406,1487,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">H. Fukutomi</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFA18FA1E88D93513" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFF32FA25889F3513" box="[186,234,1524,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">IIM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFF76FA258BF73513" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254315" box="[254,898,1523,1550]" collectingDate="2018-06-24" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="N. Tsuji" country="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
as above but
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFE19FA228A7E3510" box="[401,523,1523,1549]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2018-06-24">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFE19FA228A7E3510" box="[401,523,1523,1549]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2018-06-24">24.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFDCFFA258AD53510" box="[583,672,1523,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">N. Tsuji</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFD3AFA228AAF3513" box="[690,730,1523,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFD69FA228B543513" box="[737,801,1523,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFCA6FA258B0E3513" box="[814,891,1524,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFC1AFA228BA33513" box="[914,982,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,993,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Collection sites of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan used in present study. Blue icons = T. (Tr.) matsumurai; green icons = T. (Tr.) shaowuana; red icons = T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. Circle = holotype locality; triangles = other localities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417720/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF72FFDAFF4FF9C68D773294" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF72FFDDFF4FF9C68BB8344F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1307,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF4FF9C68937352C" bold="true" box="[199,322,1559,1585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized among other species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF72FFDDFD63F9C68BF2352C" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[747,903,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFD63F9C68BF2352C" box="[747,903,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a combination of the following characters: general color brown (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFE04F9EA89BE3548" box="[396,459,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–G); pubescence on dorsum shorter than diameter of compound eye; head with four spines (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFF65F98E89323564" box="[237,327,1631,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); a pair of frontal spines reaching beyond tip of clypeus; a pair of occipital spines reaching middle part of compound eye; rostrum reaching posterior margin of metasternum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFC5EF9528C5A3580" box="[982,1071,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of hood curved inward throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum indistinct on pronotal disc; paranotum ridge-shaped, subvertical, with 2 rows of areolae in anterior part and a single row in middle part, without areolae in posterior part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFAE7F91A88CF3414" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
); costal area of hemelytron with 2 rows of areolae throughout its length, narrower than subcostal area at widest part of each (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFEA1F8C2890B3430" box="[297,382,1811,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); subcostal area with 4 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 9–10 rows of areolae at widest part; and sutural area with 13–14 rows of areolae at widest part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF72FFDAFF4FF88D8D773294" blockId="3.[151,1437,1307,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF72FFDDFF4FF88D8A3A3468" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,591,1883,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF4FF88D897E3468" box="[199,267,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFE94F88A89CD3468" box="[284,440,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFE40F88A8A3A3468" box="[456,591,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFDDEF88A8ADA3468" bold="true" box="[598,687,1883,1909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF72FFDDFDDEF88A8ADA3468" box="[598,687,1883,1909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFCA5F88D8B483468" box="[813,829,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF72FFDDFCC2F88A8C7C3468" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[842,1033,1883,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFCDBF88D8B193468" box="[851,876,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFC0BF88D8C7C3468" box="[899,1033,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general appearance, although the former can be easily distinguished from the latter based on the following characteristics: general color brown (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFAE7F8AE88D534A0" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–G); head with four spines (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFE67F8728A3D34A0" box="[495,584,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); rostrum reaching posterior margin of metasternum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFB15F8728C8234A0" box="[1181,1271,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of hood curved inward throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum indistinct on pronotal disc; paranotum with 2 rows of areolae in anterior part and a single row in middle part, without areolae in posterior part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF75FFDAFABFFF468DFA33AC" box="[1335,1423,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
); subcostal area of hemelytron with 4 rows of areolae at widest part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF75FFDAFC1EFF6A8B9833C8" box="[918,1005,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); and sutural area with 13–14 rows of areolae at widest part. In contrast,
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFDABFF0E8A4633E5" box="[547,563,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF75FFDAFDCBFF0E8B7133E5" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[579,772,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFDC4FF0E8A1033E5" box="[588,613,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFDF6FF0E8B7133E5" box="[638,772,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents the following characteristics: general color black (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF75FFDAFF28FED2888C3200" box="[160,249,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); head with five spines (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF75FFDAFD98FED28A193200" box="[528,620,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); rostrum reaching middle of metasternum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF75FFDAFBD7FED28CCF3200" box="[1119,1210,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of hood curved outward throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum distinct on pronotal disc; paranotum with a single row of areolae in anterior half, without areolae in posterior half (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF75FFDAFC3CFE9A8C793278" box="[948,1036,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); subcostal area of hemelytron with 3 rows of areolae at widest part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF75FFDAFD8EFEBE8A2A3294" box="[518,607,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
); and sutural area with 11–12 rows of areolae at widest part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D2C68BC8DF75FFDAFF1FF8AC892234C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="288" startId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" targetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF75FFDAFF1FF8AC892234C0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1917,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFF1FF8AC8963348B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1917,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Three species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF75FFDAFE59F8AF8AC3348B" authority="" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[465,694,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFE59F8AF8A7A3488" box="[465,527,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFDA9F8AF8ADB348B" box="[545,686,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Japan, dorsal and lateral views:
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFBC1F8AF8C223488" box="[1097,1111,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF75FFDAFBEEF8AF8D603488" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[1126,1301,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFBE6F8AF8CF03488" box="[1134,1157,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFB14F8AF8D603488" box="[1180,1301,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A);
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF75FFDAFAD9F8AF897F34A7" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maa" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shaowuana" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFAD9F8AF8D2A3488" box="[1361,1375,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">T</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFAFFF8AF8DFB3488" box="[1399,1422,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFF1FF873897F34A7" box="[151,266,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">shaowuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B);
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFEC9F873893A34A4" box="[321,335,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF75FFDAFED4F8738A7F34A7" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[348,522,1954,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFEECF873890E34A4" box="[356,379,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFE18F8738A7F34A7" box="[400,522,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF75FFDAFD9AF8738A1734A7" bold="true" box="[530,610,1954,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF75FFDAFD9AF8738A1734A7" box="[530,610,1954,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF74FFD6FF4FFF478ABE3294" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF74FFDBFF4FFF47894333E4" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFF4FFF47892C33AD" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Description.</emphasis>
Macropterous male. General color brown; compound eye dark red; head, apical part of antennal segment IV, calli and sterna black; buccula and sternal laminae ashen; pubescence on body yellowish (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF74FFDBFA9BFF6A8D2E33C8" box="[1299,1371,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
C–G, 2D–F, 3C, D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF74FFDBFF4FFED288A43104" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">
Body (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF74FFDBFE9BFED289253200" box="[275,336,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–E) covered with pubescence, 2.3 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra. Head (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF74FFDBFAE7FED288CC325C" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) with four spines; a pair of frontal spines reaching beyond tip of clypeus, as long as occipital spine; a pair of occipital spines reaching middle part of compound eye; antenniferous tubercles angular, curved inward. Antennae smooth; segment I cylindrical; segment II narrower than segment throughout their length; segment III narrowest among antennal segments; segment IV fusiform, as wide as segment II at widest part of each; pubescence on segment IV irregularly longer than pubescence on other antennal segments; ratios of lengths from segments I to IV as 1.0: 1.0: 5.6: 2.4. Bucculae without distinct areolae. Rostrum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF74FFDBFCF4FE0A8BA332E8" box="[892,982,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) reaching posterior margin of metasternum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2C68BC8DF74FFDBFF1FF8C08C5C346D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" startId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" targetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF74FFDBFF1FF8C08C5C346D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1809,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFF1FF8C089663434" bold="true" box="[151,275,1809,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF74FFDBFD69F8C38BB63434" authority="" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[737,963,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFD69F8C38B6A3434" box="[737,799,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFCA6F8C08BCE3434" box="[814,955,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Japan, ventral view:
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFB5CF8C38C973434" box="[1236,1250,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF74FFDBFB67F8C08DE93434" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[1263,1436,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFB7FF8C38D7B3434" box="[1271,1294,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFAABF8C38DE93434" box="[1315,1436,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A);
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFF40F8E788A33450" box="[200,214,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF74FFDBFF6BF8E489E43450" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[227,401,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFF63F8E789773450" box="[235,258,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFE9FF8E489E43450" box="[279,401,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFE10F8E4899D3450" bold="true" box="[408,488,1845,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF74FFDBFE10F8E4899D3450" box="[408,488,1845,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF74FFDBFC36F8E78CD53450" authority="" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[958,1184,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFC36F8E78B893450" box="[958,1020,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFB83F8E48CED3450" box="[1035,1176,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Japan, dorsolateral view:
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFF5EF88B8891346C" box="[214,228,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF74FFDBFF79F88889EB346C" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[241,414,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFF71F88B8965346C" box="[249,272,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFEADF88B89EB346C" box="[293,414,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B, C);
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFE79F88B898A346C" box="[497,511,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF74FFDBFD83F8888ACF346C" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[523,698,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFD9CF88B8A5E346C" box="[532,555,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFDC8F8888ACF346C" box="[576,698,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF74FFDBFD48F8888B64346C" bold="true" box="[704,785,1881,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF74FFDBFD48F8888B64346C" box="[704,785,1881,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF74FFD8FF4FF8718B56325C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1951,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF74FFDBFECEF84E89B834A7" box="[326,461,1951,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">Figs. 1C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF74FFDBFE52F84E898E34A4" box="[474,507,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF74FFDBFD80F84E8A5F34A4" box="[520,554,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="289">4C</figureCitation>
) 1.5 times as long as maximum width across paranota. Pronotal disc coarsely punctate. Hood roof-shaped; anterior margin curved inward throughout its length. Pronotal carinae without areolae; median carina straight, extending to apex of posterior process, higher than hood at maximum height; lateral carinae nearly parallel to each other, indistinct on pronotal disc, distinct on posterior process, lower than median carina. Calli smooth. Paranotum widened anteriorly, ridge-shaped, subvertical, with 2 rows of areolae in anterior part and a single row in middle part, without areolae in posterior part; outer margin curved outward throughout its length. Posterior process 1.3 times as long as its maximum width.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2C68BC8DF77FFD8FF1FFAA78CEF36AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417712/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" startId="6.[151,250,1398,1422]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1375]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF77FFD8FF1FFAA78CEF36AF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1398,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FF1FFAA789673693" bold="true" box="[151,274,1398,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Apical part of the abdomen of two species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF77FFD8FD68FAA68BB73693" authority="" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[736,962,1398,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FD68FAA68B6B3693" box="[736,798,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FCA5FAA78BCF3693" box="[813,954,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Japan, ventral view:
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FB47FAA68CA83693" box="[1231,1245,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF77FFD8FB61FAA78DE33693" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[1257,1430,1398,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FB7AFAA68D7C3693" box="[1266,1289,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FA95FAA68DE33693" box="[1309,1430,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male (A) and female (B);
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FE16FA4A89D936AF" box="[414,428,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF77FFD8FE30FA4B8A1336AF" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[440,614,1434,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FE49FA4A89AD36AF" box="[449,472,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FE64FA4B8A1336AF" box="[492,614,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF77FFD8FDE5FA4B8ACB36AF" bold="true" box="[621,702,1434,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF77FFD8FDE5FA4B8ACB36AF" box="[621,702,1434,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male (C) and female (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF77FFD8FF4FFA318CED3597" blockId="6.[151,1437,1504,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">
Hemelytron (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FED5FA31899136E6" box="[349,484,1504,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Figs. 1C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FE78FA318A7A36E7" box="[496,527,1504,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">2F</figureCitation>
) 2.5 times as long as its maximum width; maximum width across hemelytra 1.4 times as much as maximum width across paranota; costal area with 2 rows of areolae throughout its length, narrower than subcostal area at widest part of each; subcostal area with 4 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area expanding beyond middle of hemelytron, with 9–10 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 13–14 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF77FFD8FF4FF945889F3406" blockId="6.[151,1437,1504,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">
Thoracic pleura coarsely punctate (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FDD8F9458AD035B3" box="[592,677,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). Sternal laminae (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FCF0F9458BBA35B3" box="[888,975,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) apparently lower than bucculae, open in anterior and posterior ends; prosternal lamina nearly straight, lower than mesosternal lamina; meso- and metasternal laminae curved outward throughout its length, as high as each other. Legs smooth; femora thickest at middle (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FAE7F90D88AB3406" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF77FFD8FF4FF8F5894934B6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1504,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">
Abdomen ellipsoidal, 1.3 times as long as its maximum width. Pygophore (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FBABF8F58CF33423" box="[1059,1158,1828,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1398,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-93@6.[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Apical part of the abdomen of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai, male (A) and female (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C) and female (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417712/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FB1CF8F58CC23422" box="[1172,1207,1828,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,985,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-67@7.[151,1436,980,1492]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parameres and pygophores of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A, B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C, D). Scale bars: A, C, 0.1 mm; B, D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417716/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">5D</figureCitation>
) compressed dorsoventrally, hexagonal in ventral view, elevated at center of venter, concave at anterior margin of dorsum. Paramere (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF77FFD8FF28F8BD8883349A" box="[160,246,1900,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,985,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-67@7.[151,1436,980,1492]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parameres and pygophores of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A, B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C, D). Scale bars: A, C, 0.1 mm; B, D, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417716/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) expanded in middle part, curved inward in apical part; outer and inner margins covered with pubescence in middle part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF77FFD8FF4FF8648B1F34EE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1504,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290">
Measurements (
<typeStatus id="590265E2DF77FFD8FEF4F865899034D2" box="[380,485,1972,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Body length with hemelytra
<quantity id="414176A5DF77FFD8FCCDF8658BD534D2" box="[837,928,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
; maximum width across hemelytra
<quantity id="414176A5DF77FFD8FAB4F8658DED34D2" box="[1340,1432,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; pronotal length
<quantity id="414176A5DF77FFD8FEC1F80989D734EE" box="[329,418,2008,2035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
; pronotal width across paranota
<quantity id="414176A5DF77FFD8FC84F8098B1034EE" box="[780,869,2008,2035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2C68BC8DF76FFD9FF1FFCAE8B4930A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" startId="7.[151,250,895,919]" targetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF76FFD9FF1FFCAE8B4930A6" blockId="7.[151,1437,895,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FF1FFCAE8960308A" bold="true" box="[151,277,895,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Heads and pronota of three species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FD23FC518BFA3085" authority="" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[683,911,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FD23FC518A9C308A" box="[683,745,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FD72FC518BF23085" box="[762,903,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Japan:
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FB91FC518C52308A" box="[1049,1063,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FBBEFC518C91308A" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[1078,1252,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FBB6FC518C20308A" box="[1086,1109,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FBE3FC518C91308A" box="[1131,1252,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A);
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FA97FC51889230A6" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maa" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shaowuana" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FA97FC518D58308A" box="[1311,1325,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">T</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FACBFC518D2F308A" box="[1347,1370,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FAF9FC51889230A6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">shaowuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B);
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FE95FC75895E30A6" box="[285,299,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FEB0FC75899330A1" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[312,486,932,956]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FEC8FC75892230A6" box="[320,343,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FEE4FC75899330A1" box="[364,486,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FE65FC758A4830A1" bold="true" box="[493,573,932,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF76FFD9FE65FC758A4830A1" box="[493,573,932,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D2C68BC8DF76FFD9FF1FFA3A8B80353A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417716/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" startId="7.[151,250,1515,1539]" targetBox="[156,1432,985,1487]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF76FFD9FF1FFA3A8B80353A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1515,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FF1FFA3A8966351E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1515,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Parameres and pygophores of two species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FD6FFA3D8BBF351E" authority="" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[743,970,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FD6FFA3D8B50351E" box="[743,805,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FCBCFA3A8BB4351E" box="[820,961,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Japan, dorsal view:
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FB5BFA3D8C94351E" box="[1235,1249,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FB67FA3A8DE9351E" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[1263,1436,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FB7FFA3D8D7B351E" box="[1271,1294,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FAABFA3D8DE9351E" box="[1315,1436,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, B);
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FF6DF9C18886353A" box="[229,243,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FE88F9DE89DB353A" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[256,430,1551,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FE80F9C1896A353A" box="[264,287,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FEBCF9DE89DB353A" box="[308,430,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FE3DF9DE8A70353A" bold="true" box="[437,517,1551,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF76FFD9FE3DF9DE8A70353A" box="[437,517,1551,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(C, D). Scale bars: A, C, 0.1 mm; B, D, 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D2C68BC8DF76FFD9FF1FF8498A2134E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417718/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" startId="7.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[151,1436,1599,1920]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF76FFD9FF1FF8498A2134E4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1944,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FF1FF849896634AD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Living mature and teneral adults (A, B) of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FD47F8488C4434AD" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[719,1073,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FD47F8488B7834AD" box="[719,781,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FC94F8488BDC34AC" box="[796,937,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FC30F8488C4434AD" box="[952,1073,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Tochigi, Honshu, Japan (photographs taken in captivity). Feeding habitat of adult of
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FD5FF86C8A9034C9" box="[727,741,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FD7BF86C8BD434C9" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[755,929,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FD73F86C8B6734C9" box="[763,786,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FCA0F86C8BD434C9" box="[808,929,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">matsumurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C) on host tree
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF76FFD9FBDAF86C8D6934C9" box="[1106,1308,1981,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF76FFD9FBDAF86C8D6934C9" box="[1106,1308,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="291">Cornus controversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan (photographs taken in field).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFF468BAF33E4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
Macropterous female. General appearance similar to that of male (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF79FFD6FC39FF468C5133AC" box="[945,1060,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Fig. 1F, G</figureCitation>
) except for the following characters: body 2.2 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra; apical part of abdomen (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF79FFD6FB13FF6A8C8633C8" box="[1179,1267,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1398,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-93@6.[151,1436,345,1375]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Apical part of the abdomen of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai, male (A) and female (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C) and female (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
) pentagonal in ventral view, covered with pubescence; ovipositor with ovivalvula at base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFED288BF3278" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
Infraspecific variation among both sexes (
<typeStatus id="590265E2DF79FFD6FD10FED28A893200" box="[664,764,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF79FFD6FCB8FED28BB63200" box="[816,963,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">16 paratypes</specimenCount>
). Body length with hemelytra
<quantity id="414176A5DF79FFD6FA87FED28DED3200" box="[1295,1432,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.7 mm</quantity>
; maximum width across hemelytra
<quantity id="414176A5DF79FFD6FD9FFEF68AD5325C" box="[535,672,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.6 mm</quantity>
; pronotal length
<quantity id="414176A5DF79FFD6FCD1FEF78B97325C" box="[857,994,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.9 mm</quantity>
; pronotal width across paranota 1.0–
<quantity id="414176A5DF79FFD6FAF2FEF688B33278" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFEBE8ABE3294" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,715,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Brachypterous morph unknown in both sexes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF79FFD6FF4FFE428A4231B4" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFE428D4032E8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FF4FFE42894E32B0" bold="true" box="[199,315,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the key to the Japanese species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FD53FE428B6A32B1" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[731,799,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FD53FE428B6A32B1" box="[731,799,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tingis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF79FFD6FCA5FE428BB432B0" author="Takeya, C." box="[813,961,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" pagination="41 - 75" refId="ref7934" refString="Takeya, C. (1962) Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 1 (Hemiptera). Mushi, 36 (5), 41 - 75." type="journal article" year="1962">Takeya 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF79FFD6FC43FE428C8832B0" author="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M." box="[971,1277,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" pagination="2 - 13" refId="ref7972" refString="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M. (2012) Family Tingidae Laporte, 1832. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 180 - 213, pls. 2 - 13. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2012">Yamada &amp; Tomokuni 2012</bibRefCitation>
), the new species described above differs from other species in having a ridge-shaped paranotum with two rows of areolae in the anterior part and a single row of areolae in the middle part, without areolae in the posterior part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF79FFD6FB59FE0A8D5C32E8" box="[1233,1321,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFE2E8A4231B4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
Segmental oligomery of the antennae is confirmed in
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FC97FE2E8B5A3105" box="[799,815,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FCB4FE2E8B893104" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[828,1020,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FCCDFE2E8B2B3105" box="[837,862,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FCFDFE2E8B893104" box="[885,1020,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FB8BFE2E8C293104" bold="true" box="[1027,1116,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF79FFD6FB8BFE2E8C293104" box="[1027,1116,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, as one examined individual lacked antennal segment IV (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF79FFD6FE54FDF28A473120" box="[476,562,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). In other species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FC92FDF28B2B3121" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[794,862,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FC92FDF28B2B3121" box="[794,862,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tingis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FC54FDF28CCF3120" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[988,1210,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampliata" subGenus="Tingis">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FC54FDF28B993121" box="[988,1004,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FB8AFDF28C333121" box="[1026,1094,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tingis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FBDEFDF28CCF3120" box="[1110,1210,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">ampliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FB4FFDF28CA23121" box="[1223,1239,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FB6CFDF2895C317C" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardui" subGenus="Tingis">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FB66FDF28C8B3121" box="[1262,1278,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FA9CFDF28D293120" box="[1300,1372,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">cardui</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FEBDFD968930317D" box="[309,325,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FED5FD968918317D" box="[349,365,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FE0CFD9689BF317D" box="[388,458,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">grisea</emphasis>
Germar, 1835,
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FDF4FD968AF9317D" box="[636,652,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FD12FD968B46317C" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1907" box="[666,819,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasiocera" subGenus="Tingis">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FD2BFD968AC6317D" box="[675,691,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FD43FD968B46317C" box="[715,819,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">lasiocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FCF9FD968BF4317D" box="[881,897,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">T</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FC11FD968BC7317D" box="[921,946,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FC42FD968C43317C" box="[970,1078,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">reticulata</emphasis>
Herrich-Schäffer, 1835, similar teratological forms have been described (
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF79FFD6FDE1FDBD8B183198" author="Stusak, J. M. &amp; Stehlik, J. L." box="[617,877,619,647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" pagination="89 - 105" refId="ref7892" refString="Stusak, J. M. &amp; Stehlik, J. L. (1978) Second contribution to the teratology of Tingidae (Heteroptera) Antennal anomalies. Acta Musei Moraviae. Scientiae Biologicae, 63, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1978">Štusák &amp; Stehlík 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF79FFD6FCF2FDBA8C783198" author="Souma, J." box="[890,1037,619,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" pagination="34 - 37" refId="ref7845" refString="Souma, J. (2020) Notes on habitat, 5 th instar nymph, teratological form and emergence of Tingis (Tingis) lasiocera Matsumura, 1907 (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Rostria, 64, 34 - 37. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2020">Souma 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Segmental oligomery of antennae may be common in species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FE64FD5E8A4531B5" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[492,560,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FE64FD5E8A4531B5" box="[492,560,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tingis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF79FFD6FF4FFD638D2031EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FF4FFD63891431D1" bold="true" box="[199,353,690,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF79FFD6FEEFFD6289D231D0" box="[359,423,691,717]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFD068D2031EC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,1365,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF79FFD6FF6EFD06895C31EC" box="[230,297,727,753]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FEBBFD068ACE31EC" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[307,699,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FEBBFD06890231ED" box="[307,375,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FE00FD068A5131EC" box="[392,548,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FDBCFD068ACE31EC" box="[564,699,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FD4BFD068B6931EC" bold="true" box="[707,796,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF79FFD6FD4BFD068B6931EC" box="[707,796,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
inhabits deciduous forests with temperate climate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF79FFD6FF4FFD2A8BF63024" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FF4FFD2A893B3008" bold="true" box="[199,334,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is the Japanese plant name yamaboushi (=
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FB96FD2A8DE53008" authority="Buerger ex Hance" authorityName="Hance" box="[1054,1424,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FB96FD2A8CCC3008" box="[1054,1209,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
Buerger ex Hance
</taxonomicName>
), referring to the host plant of the new species; a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF79FFD6FF4FFC928D6B30D4" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFC928AAD30B8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FF4FFC92893F3040" bold="true" box="[199,330,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Host plant.</emphasis>
All
<typeStatus id="590265E2DF79FFD6FEF0FC9289DD3040" box="[376,424,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">type</typeStatus>
materials of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FDBFFC928BC93040" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[567,956,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FDBFFC928A0E3041" box="[567,635,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FD02FC928B533040" box="[650,806,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FCBDFC928BC93040" box="[821,956,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FC4AFC928C6F3040" bold="true" box="[962,1050,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF79FFD6FC4AFC928C6F3040" box="[962,1050,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were collected from
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF79FFD6FA8BFC928955309C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FA8BFC928DE93040" box="[1283,1436,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
(Cornaceae)
</taxonomicName>
by my colleagues Yasutaka Noto, Masaaki Genka, Hirokazu Fukutomi and Tomoya Saeki, suggesting that the new species feeds on this cornaceous plant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF79FFD6FF4FFC7F8D6B30D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,1310,942,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF79FFD6FF4FFC7F895230D5" bold="true" box="[199,295,942,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="292">Biology.</emphasis>
Adults were collected from June to August. Nymph and overwintering form are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

291
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<mods:title id="67D675D43CC74FE1E0924F86EF50D178">Taxonomic study of the subgenus Tropidocheila of the lace bug genus Tingis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan, with description of Tingis (Tropidocheila) yamaboushi sp. nov. collected from Cornus kousa (Cornaceae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF1FFF46889633AC" bold="true" box="[151,227,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tingis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFDEAFE8D8BF53269" author="Drake, C. J. &amp; Ruhoff, F. A." box="[610,896,347,372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" refId="ref6776" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Ruhoff, F. A. (1965) Lacebugs of the World. A Catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). United States National Museum Bulletin 243. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, VIII + 634 pp., 56 pls., frontispiece. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.243.1" type="book" year="1965">Drake &amp; Ruhoff (1965: 408)</bibRefCitation>
(catalogue);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFB8BFE8D8CDD3269" author="Jing, H. - L." box="[1027,1192,348,372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="42 - 50" refId="ref7240" refString="Jing, H. - L. (1981) Tingidae. In: Hsiao, T. - Y., Ren, S. - Z., Zheng, L. - Y., Jing, H. - L., Zou, H. - G. &amp; Liu, S. - L. (Eds.), A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 271 - 368, pls. 42 - 50. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1981">Jing (1981: 304)</bibRefCitation>
(monograph);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFAB6FE8D89AE328F" author="Miyamoto, S. &amp; Yasunaga, T." pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="151 - 188" refId="ref7504" refString="Miyamoto, S. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (1989) Heteroptera. In: Hirashima, Y. (Ed.), A Check List of Japanese Insects. I. Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, pp. 151 - 188. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1989">Miyamoto &amp; Yasunaga (1989: 168)</bibRefCitation>
(checklist:
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFDDBFEAB8AE4328F" box="[595,657,378,402]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFD2BFEAB8BB0328F" author="Pericart, J. &amp; Golub, V. B." box="[675,965,378,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="3 - 78" refId="ref7692" refString="Pericart, J. &amp; Golub, V. B. (1996) Superfamily Tingoidea Laporte, 1832. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2, Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 3 - 78." type="book chapter" year="1996">Péricart &amp; Golub (1996: 69)</bibRefCitation>
(checklist: Palaearctic);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFB49FEAB894B32AC" author="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="2 - 13" refId="ref7972" refString="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M. (2012) Family Tingidae Laporte, 1832. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 180 - 213, pls. 2 - 13. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2012">Yamada &amp; Tomokuni (2012: 210)</bibRefCitation>
(monograph);
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFE5DFE488AC632AC" author="Yano, S. &amp; Takechi, L. &amp; Kikuhara, Y." box="[469,691,409,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="23 - 52" refId="ref8045" refString="Yano, S., Takechi, L. &amp; Kikuhara, Y. (2013) Heteroptera of Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan (Insecta, Hemiptera) I. Bulletin of Omogo Mountain Museum, 5, 23 - 52. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2013">
Yano
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFD98FE4B8A4932AC" box="[528,572,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">et al</emphasis>
. (2013: 26)
</bibRefCitation>
(distribution); Yamada &amp;
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF72FFDDFC36FE488C6C32AC" box="[958,1049,409,433]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Ishikawa</collectingRegion>
(2016: 435) (checklist:
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFA85FE488D3E32AC" box="[1293,1355,409,433]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Japan</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF72FFDDFF1FFE0E8A55317B" blockId="3.[151,1437,479,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF1FFE0E89E032E4" bold="true" box="[151,405,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFE13FE318B3C32E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254316" box="[411,841,479,506]" location="Non-types" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFE13FE318A6532E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFDDFF1FFF468BC33740:83668D9BDF72FFDDFE13FE318A6532E7" box="[411,528,480,506]" name="Non-types" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Non-types</location>
(macropterous
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFD35FE0E8A8E32E7" box="[701,763,479,506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFC89FE0E8B4B32E7" box="[769,830,479,506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFCDDFE0E89CB3103" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254317" collectingDate="1929-06-26" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="S. Hirayama" country="Japan" location="Mt. Takao" municipality="Honshu" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFCDDFE0E8BDB32E4" box="[853,942,479,505]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFC30FE0E8C6132E4" box="[952,1044,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Honshu</collectingMunicipality>
:
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF72FFDDFB94FE0E8C1332E4" box="[1052,1126,479,505]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFBF8FE318C9132E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFDDFF1FFF468BC33740:83668D9BDF72FFDDFBF8FE318C9132E4" box="[1136,1252,479,506]" country="Japan" municipality="Honshu" name="Mt. Takao" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" stateProvince="Tokyo">Mt. Takao</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFB66FE0E8D1C32E4" box="[1262,1385,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="1929-06-26">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFB66FE0E8D1C32E4" box="[1262,1385,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="1929-06-26">26.vi.1929</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFF1FFDD289543100" box="[151,289,515,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">S. Hirayama</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFEBBFDD2892F3103" box="[307,346,515,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFEEEFDD589C33103" box="[358,438,516,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFE4FFDD28974315F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254321" accessionNumber="N 13416" collectingDate="2018-11-06" collectionCode="TPM" collectorName="Y. Obae" country="Japan" location="Syouzan" municipality="Tottori-shi" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tottori">
<collectingRegion id="447D15A2DF72FFDDFE4FFDD28A273100" box="[455,594,515,541]" country="Japan" name="Tottori" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tottori Pref.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFDD2FDD28AA63100" box="[602,723,515,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tottori-shi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFD55FDD28B353100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFDDFF1FFF468BC33740:83668D9BDF72FFDDFD55FDD28B353100" box="[733,832,515,541]" country="Japan" municipality="Tottori-shi" name="Syouzan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" stateProvince="Tottori">Syouzan</location>
, 3526'33.2&quot;
<accessionNumber id="99EA46A3DF72FFDDFC4AFDD28C523100" box="[962,1063,515,542]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13416" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="EnaNcbi">N 13416</accessionNumber>
'03.8&quot;E,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFB0BFDD28C9A3100" box="[1155,1263,515,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2018-11-06">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFB0BFDD28C9A3100" box="[1155,1263,515,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="2018-11-06">6.xi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFAAFFDD58D0A3100" box="[1319,1407,515,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Y. Obae</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFA18FDD288DB315F" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFF32FDF9888C315F" box="[186,249,552,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">TPM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFE84FDF68BA1315F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254302" box="[268,980,551,578]" collectingDate="1951-08-15" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="T. Esaki" country="Japan" county="Shikoku" location="Omogo" municipality="Iyo" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tottori">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF72FFDDFE84FDF6891B315C" box="[268,366,551,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Shikoku</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFEF1FDF989D4315F" box="[377,417,552,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Iyo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFE25FDF68A71315C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFDDFF1FFF468BC33740:83668D9BDF72FFDDFE25FDF68A71315C" box="[429,516,551,577]" country="Japan" county="Shikoku" municipality="Iyo" name="Omogo" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" stateProvince="Tottori">Omogo</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFD87FDF68AEC315F" box="[527,665,551,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="1951-08-15">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFD87FDF68AEC315F" box="[527,665,551,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="1951-08-15">15.viii.1951</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFD5EFDF98B47315C" box="[726,818,551,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">T. Esaki</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFCCCFDF68B18315F" box="[836,877,551,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFCF4FDF98BB9315F" box="[892,972,552,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="36D1D11DDF72FFDDFC57FDF689C8317B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015254330" collectingDate="1935-07-26" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="S. Oishi" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" location="Sobo-san" municipality="Bungo" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tottori">
<collectingCounty id="6F67A3CCDF72FFDDFC57FDF68C4E315C" box="[991,1083,551,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Kyushu</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662413ADF72FFDDFBCDFDF98CE7315F" box="[1093,1170,552,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Bungo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83668D9BDF72FFDDFB17FDF68D7F315C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E106A56DF72FFDDFF1FFF468BC33740:83668D9BDF72FFDDFB17FDF68D7F315C" box="[1183,1290,551,577]" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" municipality="Bungo" name="Sobo-san" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" stateProvince="Tottori">Sobo-san</location>
,
<date id="F207FD80DF72FFDDFA9EFDF68DED315F" box="[1302,1432,551,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="1935-07-26">
<collectingDate id="E2430468DF72FFDDFA9EFDF68DED315F" box="[1302,1432,551,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" value="1935-07-26">26.vii.1935</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2B4CBE96DF72FFDDFF4FFD9A89573175" box="[199,290,587,616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">S. Ôishi</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="90BF10C9DF72FFDDFEBCFD9A892B317B" box="[308,350,587,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E0A84385DF72FFDDFEE2FD9D89C2317B" box="[362,439,588,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">ELKU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFE45FD9A8A67317B" box="[461,530,587,614]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,993,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Collection sites of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan used in present study. Blue icons = T. (Tr.) matsumurai; green icons = T. (Tr.) shaowuana; red icons = T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. Circle = holotype locality; triangles = other localities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417720/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF72FFDDFF4FFDBE898B30B7" blockId="3.[151,1437,479,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF4FFDBE89A73194" bold="true" box="[199,466,623,649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
Recognized among other species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF72FFDDFCFDFDBE8C643194" ID-CoL="8GPV" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[885,1041,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFCFDFDBE8C643194" box="[885,1041,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a combination of the following characters: general color brown (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFD8DFD428A2E31B0" box="[517,603,659,685]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); pubescence on dorsum longer than diameter of compound eye; head with five spines (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF72FFDDFE96FD66890331CC" box="[286,374,695,721]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); a pair of frontal spines reaching behind tip of clypeus; median spine reaching level far remote from bases of frontal spines; a pair of occipital spines reaching posterior margin of compound eye; rostrum reaching posterior margin of mesosternum; anterior margin of hood curved outward throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum distinct on pronotal disc; paranotum laminate, subhorizontal, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; costal area of hemelytron with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, as wide as subcostal area at widest part of each; subcostal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 6 rows of areolae at widest part; and sutural area with 8 rows of areolae at widest part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF72FFDDFF4FFC628B3730D0" box="[199,834,947,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF72FFDDFF4FFC628B3730D0" blockId="3.[151,1437,479,1118]" box="[199,834,947,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF4FFC62891430D0" bold="true" box="[199,353,947,973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFEEFFC6589D230D3" box="[359,423,948,974]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu);
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFD7FFC628B4B30D0" box="[759,830,947,973]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA388CBDF72FFDDFF4FFC068BC33740" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF72FFDDFF4FFC068D383708" blockId="3.[151,1437,479,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF4FFC06893830EC" bold="true" box="[199,333,983,1009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Host plant.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFEFFFC0989CF30EF" box="[375,442,984,1010]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Japan</collectingCountry>
, the host plant of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF72FFDDFD02FC098C7A30EC" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maa" authorityYear="1953" box="[650,1039,983,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shaowuana" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFD02FC098ABB30EC" box="[650,718,984,1009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tingis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFD69FC068B0830EC" box="[737,893,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFC07FC068C7A30EC" box="[911,1039,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">shaowuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unknown (
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFB7AFC0689443708" author="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="2 - 13" refId="ref7972" refString="Yamada, K. &amp; Tomokuni, M. (2012) Family Tingidae Laporte, 1832. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 180 - 213, pls. 2 - 13. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2012">Yamada &amp; Tomokuni 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFEE9FC2A89D23708" box="[353,423,1019,1045]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">China</collectingCountry>
, this lace bug has been collected from
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF72FFDDFCD0FC2A8BC83708" box="[856,957,1019,1045]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Buddleja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFCD0FC2A8BC83708" box="[856,957,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Buddleja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF72FFDDFC7BFC2A8CCD370B" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1011,1208,1019,1046]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Scrophulariaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFB46FC2A8D343708" author="Jing, H. - L." box="[1230,1345,1019,1045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="42 - 50" refId="ref7240" refString="Jing, H. - L. (1981) Tingidae. In: Hsiao, T. - Y., Ren, S. - Z., Zheng, L. - Y., Jing, H. - L., Zou, H. - G. &amp; Liu, S. - L. (Eds.), A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 271 - 368, pls. 42 - 50. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1981">Jing 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF72FFDDFF4FFBCE8BC33740" blockId="3.[151,1437,479,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFF4FFBCE89523724" bold="true" box="[199,295,1055,1081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Biology.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="FEAE9BD0DF72FFDDFEC3FBF189FB3727" box="[331,398,1056,1082]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">Japan</collectingCountry>
, adults were collected in April, from June to August, and in November (
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFB22FBCE8D4B3724" author="Takeya, C." box="[1194,1342,1055,1081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="41 - 75" refId="ref7934" refString="Takeya, C. (1962) Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 1 (Hemiptera). Mushi, 36 (5), 41 - 75." type="journal article" year="1962">Takeya 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF72FFDDFAC0FBF188833740" author="Yano, S. &amp; Takechi, L. &amp; Kikuhara, Y." pageId="3" pageNumber="287" pagination="23 - 52" refId="ref8045" refString="Yano, S., Takechi, L. &amp; Kikuhara, Y. (2013) Heteroptera of Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan (Insecta, Hemiptera) I. Bulletin of Omogo Mountain Museum, 5, 23 - 52. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2013">
Yano
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF72FFDDFA00FBF188D83740" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="287">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
; present study). Nymph and overwintering stage are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

151
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<mods:title id="D8EEE862ACFBA78F3228F8BCEC3B8D32">Taxonomic study of the subgenus Tropidocheila of the lace bug genus Tingis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan, with description of Tingis (Tropidocheila) yamaboushi sp. nov. collected from Cornus kousa (Cornaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF064B12FD3A3BF72D060CBE692409E9">Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. kodokusignal @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2238 - 5015 &amp; Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (DC 1), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FF1FFF468B2433AC" bold="true" box="[151,849,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF78FFD7FE15FF468A3033AF" ID-CoL="8GPV" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1844" box="[413,581,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FE15FF468A3033AF" bold="true" box="[413,581,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Tropidocheila</emphasis>
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of
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FDE4FF468ACD33AC" bold="true" box="[620,696,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Tingis</emphasis>
from
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<paragraph id="8606DB40DF78FFD7FF1FFF0D8DE9327A" blockId="9.[151,1437,220,799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">
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1 Pubescence on dorsum longer than diameter of compound eye (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FCC9FF0D8BF933EF" box="[833,908,220,242]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); a pair of frontal spines reaching behind tip of clypeus (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FF61FF288941320D" box="[233,308,249,272]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); a pair of occipital spines reaching posterior margin of compound eye; rostrum reaching posterior margin of mesosternum; paranotum laminate, subhorizontal, with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; costal area of hemelytron with 3 rows of areolae at widest part, as wide as subcostal area at widest part of each; discoidal area with 6 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 8 rows of areolae at widest part.......................................
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<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FB96FE838C5E327A" box="[1054,1067,338,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">T</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FBC8FE838C20327A" box="[1088,1109,338,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FBE1FE808CA3327B" box="[1129,1238,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">shaowuana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF78FFD7FB54FE808DE9327A" author="Drake, C. J. &amp; Maa, T. C." box="[1244,1436,337,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293" pagination="87 - 101" refId="ref6736" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Maa, T. C. (1953) Chinese and other Oriental Tingoidea (Hemiptera). Quarternary Journal of Taiwan Museum, 6 (2), 87 - 101." type="journal article" year="1953">Drake &amp; Maa, 1953</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8606DB40DF78FFD7FF1FFEBE8DE932E4" blockId="9.[151,1437,220,799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">
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- Pubescence on dorsum shorter than diameter of compound eye (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FCC3FEBE8BE23299" box="[843,919,367,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
, C–G); a pair of frontal spines reaching beyond tip of clypeus (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FEBFFE5D89EA32BF" box="[311,415,396,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
); a pair of occipital spines reaching middle part of compound eye; rostrum reaching middle part or posterior margin of metasternum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FE44FE788A4032A2" box="[460,565,425,447]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2A, D</figureCitation>
); paranotum ridge-shaped, subvertical, with 1–2 rows of areolae at widest part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FAA3FE788DE432A2" box="[1323,1425,425,447]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2B, E</figureCitation>
); costal area of hemelytron with 2 rows of areolae throughout its length, narrower than subcostal area at widest part of each (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FAFDFE16896F32E7" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2C, F</figureCitation>
); discoidal area with 9–10 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 11–14 rows of areolae at widest part...... 2
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2 General color black (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FE22FDD089803105" box="[426,501,513,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); head with five spines (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FD54FDD08B5C3105" box="[732,809,513,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); rostrum reaching middle part of metasternum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FB7CFDD08D343105" box="[1268,1345,513,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of hood curved outward throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum distinct on pronotal disc; paranotum with a single row of areolae in anterior half, without areolae in posterior half (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FC1CFDED8B95314F" box="[916,992,572,594]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); subcostal area of hemelytron with 3 rows of areolae at widest part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FE34FD888A7D316D" box="[444,520,601,624]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
); sutural area with 11–12 rows of areolae at widest part........................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FBD0FDA68C103191" box="[1112,1125,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF78FFD7FBF9FDA68DE93190" authority="Takeya, 1962" authorityName="Takeya" authorityYear="1962" box="[1137,1436,631,653]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumurai" subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FBF1FDA68CFB3191" box="[1145,1166,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FB2BFDA68D633191" box="[1187,1302,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">matsumurai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E228A6B1DF78FFD7FA93FDA68DE93190" author="Takeya, C." box="[1307,1436,631,653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293" pagination="41 - 75" refId="ref7934" refString="Takeya, C. (1962) Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 1 (Hemiptera). Mushi, 36 (5), 41 - 75." type="journal article" year="1962">Takeya, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8606DB40DF78FFD7FF1FFD448DE93002" blockId="9.[151,1437,220,799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">
<keyLead id="3D487875DF78FFD7FF1FFD448DE93002" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">
- General color brown (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FE32FD45898431B7" box="[442,497,660,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,425,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[151,1436,417,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsal and lateral views: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov., male (C–E) and female (F, G). Arrow marks antenna with segmental oligomery. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417708/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–G); head with four spines (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FC92FD458B1D31B7" box="[794,872,660,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,186,866]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[165,1422,181,872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heads and pronota of three species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) shaowuana (B); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (C). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417714/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); rostrum reaching posterior margin of metasternum (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FAFDFD45897731D5" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of hood curved inward throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum indistinct on pronotal disc; paranotum with 2 rows of areolae in anterior part and a single row in middle part, without areolae in posterior part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FACDFD1E8DE431F8" box="[1349,1425,719,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
); subcostal area of hemelytron with 4 rows of areolae at widest part (
<figureCitation id="1E82C7C5DF78FFD7FCE1FD3D8BC6301F" box="[873,947,748,770]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,561,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-183@5.[151,1436,561,1786]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rostra of and sternal laminae of two species Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, ventral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (A); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (D). Pronota and hemelytra of two species of Tingis (Tropidocheila) from Japan, dorsolateral view: T. (Tr.) matsumurai (B, C); T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. (E, F). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417710/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); sutural area with 13–14 rows of areolae at widest part..........................................................................
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FB03FCDB8CED3002" box="[1163,1176,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">T</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41B9A0C3DF78FFD7FB2CFCDB8D3F3003" authority="Souma, 2020" authorityName="Souma" authorityYear="2020" box="[1188,1354,777,799]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Tingis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaboushi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tropidocheila">
(
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FB24FCDB8CB43002" box="[1196,1217,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">Tr</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FB5EFCD88D3F3003" box="[1238,1354,777,798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">yamaboushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B4CD0752DF78FFD7FAD8FCDB8DE93002" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,778,799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFEBA29DF78FFD7FAD8FCDB8DE93002" box="[1360,1436,778,799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="293" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795" ID-PMC="PMC4816987" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-60-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF9FD2BFFA6FFF4FFBCBC36210FA526" ID-PubMed="27081341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576337" ModsDocID="1314-2003-60-1" checkinTime="1455253280531" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Funk, Vicki A., Pasini, Eduardo, Bonifacino, J. Mauricio &amp; Katinas, Liliana" docDate="2016" docId="0E107AD73587E0B1E9BCAAEB3D4A0501" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 60: 1-19" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" docPubDate="2016-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795" docTitle="Adenocaulon Hook. 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFF9FD2BFFA6FFF4FFBCBC36210FA526" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFF9FD2BFFA6FFF4FFBCBC36210FA526" masterDocTitle="Home at last: the enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668141630588" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Home at last: the enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pasini, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA &amp; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Bonifacino, J. Mauricio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA &amp; Laboratorio de Botanica, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de la Republica, Av. Garzon 780, Sayago, Montevideo, CP, 12900, Uruguay</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Katinas, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA &amp; Division Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n, CP 1900, La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127889512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E107AD73587E0B1E9BCAAEB3D4A0501" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E107AD73587E0B1E9BCAAEB3D4A0501" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName LSID="0E107AD7-3587-E0B1-E9BC-AAEB3D4A0501" authority="Hook., 1829" authorityName="Hook." authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenocaulon Hook., 1829</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adenocaulon. A Habitat, understory of Nothofagus dominated forest (Araucania Region, Chile) B Habit C Close up of rosette, note the bullate leaves D Close up of heads; arrows indicate marginal florets, note the conspicuous glandular trichomes on peduncles and other parts of the inflorescence E Close up of fruiting head; note the same trichomes on fruits. (Photos by M. Bonifacino)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77435" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adenocaulon (from Katinas 2000). A habit B head C involucral bract D-E marginal florets F central floret G central achene H marginal achene I upper part of style J stamen K achene hair multiseriate, capitate, glandular. (Adenocaulon chilense: A LP s. n. ex LPS 16554; B-D, F Cabrera et al. 23066 LP; G-H Ricardi et al. 1983 LP. Adenocaulon bicolor: E Hedgcock s. n. LP, I-K Morrison 121 LP)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77436" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Adenocaulon</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 19. 1829. TYPE:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon bicolor" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
From the Greek
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">aden</emphasis>
, gland, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">kaulos</emphasis>
, stalk, stem, describing the stalked glandular hairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Herbs</emphasis>
perennial, scapiform with stout rhizomes, stems simple, erect, with stipitate-glandular hairs.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leaves</emphasis>
glabrous to subglabrous above, tomentose beneath; basal leaves rosulate to sub-rosulate; petiolate to pseudopetiolate; blades elliptic, ovate, obovate, to deltoid, margin entire to lyrate, pinnately to palmately veined; upper leaves similar to the basal ones but few and reduced.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal, laxly racemose to corymbose, on long peduncles; heads pedunculate, heterogamous, disciform; receptacle epaleate; involucre uniseriate.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Florets</emphasis>
dimorphic; marginal florets female, without staminodes, corolla sub-bilabiate (3+1 corolla lips), tubular-funnelform 4- to 5-lobed, rarely bilabiate; central florets male with a rudimentary ovary, corolla tubular-funnelform, deeply 5-lobed; anther apical appendages rounded to acute at the apex, basally constricted and demarcated from the thecae, anthers light colored and basally auriculate with tails very short, smooth; style bilobed, branches dorsally papillose.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Achene</emphasis>
truncate at the apex, pubescent (glandular multiseriate capitate hairs), dimorphic, marginal achenes conspicuously bigger than the central ones; pappus absent. [modified from
<bibRefCitation author="Katinas, L" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Review" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="469 - 716" publicationUrl="10.1007/s12229-008-9016-6" refId="B31" refString="Katinas, L, Pruski, JF, Sancho, G, TellerIa, MC, 2008. The subfamily Mutisioideae (Asteraceae). Botanical Review 74: 469 - 716, DOI: 10.1007/s12229-008-9016-6" title="The subfamily Mutisioideae (Asteraceae)." url="10.1007/s12229-008-9016-6" volume="74" year="2008">Katinas et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Pollen spheroidal, circular in polar view, medium size, P
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
E = (26-32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
26-30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Tricolporate, colpi long with thin margin and microgranulate membrane, mesoaperture diffuse. Exine
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mutisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mutisia" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mutisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type, microechinate, 4-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, slightly slender at the poles. Ratio ectosexine/endosexine: 1:1.5; 1:2. Nexine 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. SEM: tectum punctate. Note: pollen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon bicolor" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to be identical to that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Less" authorityYear="1831" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon chilense" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon chilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Less.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Habitat and distribution: Genus of five species with a disjunct distribution in Patagonia, Mesoamerica, northern United States and southern Canada, and temperate southeastern Asia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing distribution of Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77434" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</figureCitation>
). Inhabits moist forests in the shade of
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and
<taxonomicName class="Rosopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<bibRefCitation author="Bittmann, M" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="389 - 420" refId="B5" refString="Bittmann, M, 1990a. Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): I. Morphologie. Candollea 45: 389 - 420" title="Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): I. Morphologie." volume="45" year="1990 a">Bittmann 1990a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Bittmann, M" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="493 - 518" refId="B6" refString="Bittmann, M, 1990b. Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): II. Oekologie, Verbreitung und Systematik. Candollea 45: 493 - 518" title="Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): II. Oekologie, Verbreitung und Systematik." volume="45" year="1990 b">b</bibRefCitation>
, and field observations). Details of the flower morphology, including the differences between the male and female flowers, can be found in
<bibRefCitation author="Ayers, JA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Gazette" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="154 - 157" refId="B1" refString="Ayers, JA, 1900. Flower of Adenocaulon bicolor. Botanical Gazette 59: 154 - 157" title="Flower of Adenocaulon bicolor." volume="59" year="1900">Ayers (1900)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="species list">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Species list:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
five species falling into three morphological groups that are biogeographically distinct (according to
<bibRefCitation author="Blake, SF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="431 - 443" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39918852page/484/mode/1up" refId="B7" refString="Blake, SF, 1934. New Asteraceae from Guatemala collected by A. F. Skutch. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 24: 431 - 443, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39918852page/484/mode/1up" title="New Asteraceae from Guatemala collected by A. F. Skutch." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39918852page/484/mode/1up" volume="24" year="1934">Blake 1934</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Group A: North America and East Asia</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
1.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon bicolor" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 19. 1830. (British Colombia to south central California, eastward to Montana and sparingly to Michigan)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon integrifolium" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon integrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nutt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
2.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon himalaicum" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="himalaicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon himalaicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 64. 1851. Himalayan region and Japan
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maxim" authorityYear="1859" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon adhaerescens" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adhaerescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon adhaerescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maxim. (described from Japan)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
3
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Bittmann" authorityYear="1990" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon nepalense" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepalense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Adenocaulon nepalense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M. Bittmann, Candollea 45: 403. 1990. Nepal
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Group</pageBreakToken>
B: Chiapas, Mexico &amp; Guatemala
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
4.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1934" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon lyratum" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyratum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adenocaulon lyratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S. F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 435 1934.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Group C: South America</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
5.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Less" authorityYear="1831" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon chilense" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adenocaulon chilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Less., Linnaea 6: 107. 1831. (Southern Chile and the Magellan region)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sch Bip" authorityYear="1855" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Adenocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adenocaulon lechleri" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lechleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Adenocaulon lechleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sch. Bip.
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</treatment>
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134
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Moore &amp; Jameson &amp; Garner &amp; Audibert &amp; Smith &amp; Seidel" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Strigidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strigidia gracilis subsp. decaensi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gracilis" status=" (Soula, 2008) Unavailable, invalid name" subSpecies="decaensi">Strigidia gracilis decaensi</taxonomicName>
Soula, 2008: 35 [original combination,
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(Soula) [new combination and new subgeneric combination by
<bibRefCitation author="Oezdikmen, H" journalOrPublisher="Munis Entomology and Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="139 - 147" refId="B293" refString="Oezdikmen, H, 2009. Nomenclatural changes for five preoccupied scarab beetle genus group names (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Munis Entomology and Zoology 4: 139 - 147" title="Nomenclatural changes for five preoccupied scarab beetle genus group names (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." volume="4" year="2009">
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2009
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: 145,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">unavailable, invalid name</emphasis>
].
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(Soula) [removal of subgeneric classification by
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B360" refString="Soula, M, 2009. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot;Pelidnotina&quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 3: Rutelini 3. Revision des Pelidnotina 3. Photos de toutes les especes de Lagochile. Une revision des genres Pelidnota, Ectinoplectron, Pseudogeniates, Xenopelidnota (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: &quot; Pelidnotina &quot;). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2009">Soula 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 115,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">unavailable, invalid name</emphasis>
].
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
BRAZIL:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B359" refString="Soula, M, 2008. Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale. AECFT, Saintry" title="Les Coleopteres du Nouveau Monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2008">Soula 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The following invalid type specimen is deposited at CCECL. 1 invalid ♂ holotype: &quot;Londrina
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
600 m, X/2005 M. SOULA det 19//Holotype
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S. Soula&quot; (47030298). Genitalia card-mounted underneath the invalid male holotype. Box 4618659 SOULA.
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dieganus
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<paragraph id="1AB896E0652CFFCD863BBA30CA700D84" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">In wet decaying vegetable debris in the margins of lentic waterbodies.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F8258B04F2E25DEE89D400A0234D11B" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06E2247412D0C138F164A0E88BB94F82" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Widespread in Afrotropical Region, including Madagascar.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="230E17BFF4DB685300D39324F3BE2E6D" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" type="st lucia records">
<paragraph id="400F57342D430D99D538E31F49905344" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">St Lucia records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E60CBB08A25A549C017EF099974D833" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Recorded at Western Shores, Eastern Shores and False Bay in January/February 2015.</paragraph>
<caption id="D6B0FE7F1A75B7A1310240CE060E4C96" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
<paragraph id="E516BC3113540EDAF26DAD073EEF37C3" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
Figure 36.
<taxonomicName id="70C04AFE05261DFB7D71641009671B25" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cercyon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cercyon dieganus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dieganus">Cercyon dieganus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="B096DD2E398BFB0239E7B9096A442C4B" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
, 19032.6 mm, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Eastern Shores (site 23), February 2015DT Bilton, MS Bird &amp; R Perissinotto leg.
</paragraph>
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50
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<paragraph id="CD0FAD4C0346C93A2E9EE69F62880365" lastPageNumber="57" pageNumber="56">L 1,7 bis 1,8 mm. Kopf 0,7 mm lang und 0,45 breit, rechteckig, hinten kaum breiter als vorn und schmal, aber ziemlich stark ausgerandet, mit geraden Seiten. Auf jeder Seite der Ausrandung, in der Mitte zwischen der Mittellinie und der Kopfseite, traegt das Hinterhaupt einen kleinen spitzen Zahn (kein Ohr und kein Horn). Kiefer kurz, dick, glaenzend, sehr schwach punktiert, glatt, kurz behaart, mit etwa vier ganz ab- gewetzten Zaehnen, Clypeus in der Mitte eingedrueckt, am Vorderrand breit und seicht ausgerandet, mit zwei stumpfen Kielen und zwei ebenso stumpfen Zaehnen. Die sehr kleinen Augen liegen vor dem vorderen Kopfdrittel und bestehen aus etwa zwei bis vier sehr un- deutlichen Facetten. Stirnleisten kurz. Der kurze Fuehlerschaft ueberragt nicht viel die Kopfmitte und erreicht nicht das dritte Fuenftel. Geisselglieder zwei bis sechs viel dicker als lang. Das letzte Glied der neungliedrigen Fuehler gut 2 1/2 mal so lang wie das vorletzte. Das Promesonotum bildet einen starken, nach vorn ge- neigten und vorn steil absteigenden, gerundeten Buckel. Promesonotal- naht fehlend. Thoraxeinschnuerung ziemlich stark. Basalflaeche des Epinotums kurz, breiter als lang, konvex, gerundet in die: laengere, schiefe, seitlich scharf gerandete abschuessige Flaeche uebergehend. Erstes Stielchenglied kurz gestielt, von der Seite besehen stumpf kegelfoermig, oben gerundet, breiter als lang. Zweites Glied kaum breiter als das erste, rundlich, etwas breiter als lang. Hinterleib laenglich; sein erstes Segment viel laenger als breit und vorn stark ausgerandet.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CAF142123B22C2AA5064F29C82B0F89" pageNumber="57">Wangen und Stirne laengs-, Hinterhaupt quergerunzelt. Scheitel und der uebrige Koerper glatt, zerstreut fein haartragend punktiert. Abstehende Koerperhaaro fein, spitz und gelblich, am Kopf, sehr kurz, ueberall zerstreut. An den Gliedern nur schiefe Haare</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31397F22A20EAA6944EB3EE9EDD6BFB4" pageNumber="57">Schmutzig- oder schwach braeunlich gelb; Kopf mehr gelblichrot.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EAD1EB4AC0C870B9E1C7CF49B192CB14" pageNumber="57">Pilam. 1. [[soldier]]. Die kleinen Zaehne des Hinterhauptes sind recht charakteristisch, noch kleiner als bei dem uebrigens ganz anderen Taprobanae Forel.</paragraph>
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61
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<taxonomicName authority="Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Mozena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mozena lutea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">Mozena lutea (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13067">Distribution</paragraph>
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Distribution in Honduras unknown (
<bibRefCitation author="Packauskas, R." journalOrPublisher="Fort Hays Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="13067" title="Catalog of the Coreidae, Or Leaf-footed Bugs, of the New World." year="2010">Packauskas 2010</bibRefCitation>
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364
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408.
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<emphasis id="52434BD97FD80C9F4585DAD18BAE7869" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea crinicalyx</emphasis>
S. Moore
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, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
<potBibRef id="E368E14F531470433D0C75AFCC91B1E6">, Bot. 4</potBibRef>
: 402. 1895. (Moore 1895: 402)
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<taxonomicName id="4D1F665A7CBA789CCFF163395A864C7C" authority="(S. Moore) Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" baseAuthorityName="S. Moore" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crinicalyx">
<emphasis id="03C252206BDB661E349DBAF073B210E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Convolvulus crinicalyx</emphasis>
(S. Moore) Kuntze
</taxonomicName>
<potBibRef id="A183B325A7A7BBCD22A3101F943807DF">, Rev. Gen. 3</potBibRef>
(2): 213. 1898. (Kuntze 1898: 213).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE7AD9F35795867D98E3BF30BC8D0883" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="EE30D221F35F7B2CB91965A009009DEB" authority="Millsp." authorityName="Millsp." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seleri">
<emphasis id="CA274CE8696CD6E0A1E1A674CFEF0858" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea seleri</emphasis>
Millsp.
</taxonomicName>
<potBibRef id="5E1E090C95262006FF7382F82D1324E5">, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36</potBibRef>
<potBibRef id="85D3A338F9B37986EDCEC9C504DC9530">, Beibl. 80</potBibRef>
: 23. 1905 (Millspaugh 1905: 23). Type. MEXICO.
<normalizedToken id="A2A9FB0A1D7D1C3C2C1CCB6D42FFD4FB" originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
, Ticul, an Hecken,
<emphasis id="39D8B248E06A69CC2CDF91E6247D0F7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E &amp; C. Seler 3862</emphasis>
(holotype B?†).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A8168661E2DE945149600C8893244E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6E3EBCB4DE682C22205C8ADCAFF52E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
BRAZIL. Mato Grosso,
<emphasis id="775F5954C987483BC5B4073F3A3830E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Moore</emphasis>
953 (holotype BM000953162).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B2953201CA837F063E35052CF383EB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="52766BCBA1D22EAE52CE4EA1AD292AE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C82F1B559B82D08F5991842766AEF88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Twining perennial herb, stems glabrous or puberulent. Leaves petiolate, 3-9
<normalizedToken id="0C2B7AF5C2080EAA33AA8E51493C8B1D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-9 cm, broadly ovate, cordate with broad sinus, acuminate, glabrous or shortly adpressed pubescent; petioles 1-6 cm. Inflorescence of pedunculate axillary cymes; peduncles 0.5-8 cm; bracteoles very variable sometimes small, linear, caducous, sometimes large, expanded and leaf-like; secondary peduncles (if present), 2-6 mm; pedicels 8-21 mm; sepals slightly unequal, oblong-ovate, acute, covered in soft spines otherwise glabrous, puberulent, or, frequently, farinose, outer 12-14
<normalizedToken id="F680D258B4284482A84446BA89696FEE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5 mm, inner 14-15
<normalizedToken id="78C14072FDAC6CE8B2860A4F2FABFC9D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-6 mm, the scarious margins and upper part spineless; corolla 5.5-8 cm long, pink, glabrous outside, limb 4-5 cm, unlobed. Capsules ovoid, glabrous, 14-15
<normalizedToken id="0C15AFFD927BB596EF3E4353B80C58EB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12 mm with stout rostrate apex 5 mm long; seeds c. 5 mm long, flattened ellipsoid, minutely tomentellous with long, dense, brownish marginal hairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8628AC5F5B8FFD7DBF01914E0D8D5725" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="illustration">
<paragraph id="AD34BDCA27C18541688A0AD925B7FBB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Illustration.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7DD73FA5368CD97BA474A76C6907BBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="C4CFBE968B435068BC677F62408391F8" originalValue="O’Donell">O'Donell</normalizedToken>
(1959b: 140). Figures
<figureCitation id="230278F09861DFEDF676ACB691032FDE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A I. setifera B I. dumetorum C I. aristolochiifolia D I. crinicalyx E I. plummerae F I. bahiensis G I. amnicola H I. appendiculata. Photographs of A (Wood et al. 27771) B (Wood et al. 27654) D (Wood et al. 27606) and G (Wood et al. 27706) by Beth Williams C (Wood 27926) H (Wood et al. 28024) by John Wood E by Mario Giorgetta F (Queiroz et al. 15950) by Hibert Huaylla." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/391004" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="752B79CE52D1E3325B812388238A0583" captionStart="Figure 200" captionStartId="F200" captionText="Figure 200. Ipomoea crinicalyx. A habit B stem C leaf D adaxial leaf surface E abaxial leaf surface F flower G corolla opened out to show stamens H ovary and style. J calyx and capsule K capsule L seeds. Drawn by Eliana Calzadilla A-E from Wood &amp; Mamani 13495; F-J from Wood et al. 24462; J-L from Fuentes 2992." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/391202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">200</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="306A719CF3359E0BAD2ED03D645CD6A7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/391202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 200" startId="F200">
<paragraph id="47651004DA7885133636675675BE4160" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F1C33015C57B2B8EC5BAF2D4F010AEE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 200.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A0B550BF273B72894B0258D8E26D2D9C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crinicalyx">
<emphasis id="91C317696CBA2FA221E14A49E2A0B735" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea crinicalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="4093111E2EE4C1B09E2EEFCFA754C781" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="91ACC98EDD9CA07B45649DB124B18114" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
stem
<emphasis id="9673B7B4B6B5E162075A02704EE51196" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
leaf
<emphasis id="91DB12395714ED6E3F8EB6CAFB7F6031" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
adaxial leaf surface
<emphasis id="50392E8EF80DD8D45F34FF9738418A95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
abaxial leaf surface
<emphasis id="A9B2C1423CDB45E9FDD0E2CF083EBFF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis id="58F378F24ACE70A62AA5FD2AF37F786C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
corolla opened out to show stamens
<emphasis id="1B147771C43DB4461879F42B46E8BF06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
ovary and style.
<emphasis id="00DB3F0F8364D89C2488568C3B1DC5C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
calyx and capsule
<emphasis id="F4BBC4219FC1B91DC8A43B597A92422B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
capsule
<emphasis id="BC44752B5D8D63D13FD2F631A81C2200" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
seeds. Drawn by Eliana Calzadilla
<emphasis id="26F336492463A29983E7C5729893FFA7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="AF737EC57F44FD76D1F9755CEB725DFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood &amp; Mamani</emphasis>
13495;
<emphasis id="8FDB01EC7569A8D712A991598F7F1BB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-J</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="2C738E9340BA7F085A89E30189D5BE98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood et al.</emphasis>
24462;
<emphasis id="C4081AE683BF18443637AC8E06FD2F42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J-L</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="87D94461A66451189CEC42C756D23DFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fuentes</emphasis>
2992.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="98A9E622EDF61302338768A3F569D217" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E97FC9DD3A1DFF8D016C152D2C3CF4B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B419E2360DCBB24BD7AF1A57284B010F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A species with an amphitropical distribution being found in Mexico as well as in South America, where it has a typical Chaco distribution. In South America, it is characteristic of Chaco forest and scrub.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE2EEF3FB059AA6E726479DD9AF22376" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="A9E6E85CC04990E3CB1313551CA8F9B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ARGENTINA. Jujuy</emphasis>
: Ledesma,
<emphasis id="AF4308D886737C312AA4BD1691F296B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Krapovickas &amp; G. Seijo</emphasis>
47735 (CTES);
<emphasis id="674EE6D7B57F07834843C793C4206422" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legname &amp; Cuezzo</emphasis>
8202 (CTES, LIL).
<emphasis id="45448E8807078E8D2A0E614538C55D06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salta</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="ABE92EF4E282905F6F7923D70886EC24" originalValue="Orán">Oran</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="F52A35B454C0A44E8B934F5B13E2E410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Morrone et al. 4045</emphasis>
(MO, SI).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A66BE126169E6CB4566F5B77A3F0942" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D457E6F7828AA6489061B6F47A776A42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="420CC158C12572A6064E4B7DFC93F95C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Mereles</emphasis>
6572 (FCQ).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7989B325D4EB85D5F110CCF1995EDF22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="CA3C197B929A2EA3D083D96283B55B0E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="4CA0E14A689AAD4CD96737692484E04D" originalValue="Corumbá">Corumba</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="950CB76DC0FB31A3FBBC1EBD1CE84CF6" originalValue="región">region</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="AD996336038DD333FEBA6020DF7DFFB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Pott 7769</emphasis>
(CPAP, CTES);
<emphasis id="7BFD4FDD61ADDEF60143601AFB18E745" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.C. Silva &amp; E.L.M. Assis</emphasis>
18 (CPAP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D743D8ECA049F3FF65971E23E16685AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="3FB82E07FF8303E8FDEE1F82A3BE8D4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca</emphasis>
: Boeto, below Nuevo Mundo,
<emphasis id="73591689655488C2F30E83AB8C6DF40A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.R.I. Wood et al</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="8A7FFD79DC5EF2BC66D52E0F239886BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22336</emphasis>
(K, LPB);
<normalizedToken id="5BDE1CB0BF895213F9B95FF0C96B2437" originalValue="Zudañez">Zudanez</normalizedToken>
, El Palmar,
<emphasis id="406AE6EDA6028374528A8F52919BA097" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J.
<normalizedToken id="38BB43896ACBF2E81F6E3F513AE26778" originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
et al.
</emphasis>
2645 (HSB).
<emphasis id="79529051C2813C22E345C35F73408D41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Santa Cruz</emphasis>
: Chiquitos, Valle de Tucavaca,
<emphasis id="E2E10719AF123813D5F32821A568D409" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.R.I. Wood et al</emphasis>
. 24462 (K, LPB, UB, USZ); Cordillera, P.N. Kaa-Iya,
<emphasis id="7F5313E55F31C9253BBD86EAE7002B01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Fuentes</emphasis>
2992 (USZ).
<emphasis id="068EF212239FF0329EE668B47155192A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tarija</emphasis>
: Gran Chaco, Villamontes-Palos Blancos,
<emphasis id="4BF0EE3846C857A2B75F33DDD0325EE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.R.I. Wood et al</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="42B0B02AA396CA93BDA0400454501462" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27606</emphasis>
(OXF, LPB, USZ).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE00275460D73F43F191231673F70DA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="45654AAD48C7EFC01A9118D54EF67C76" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">NICARAGUA.</emphasis>
Managua,
<emphasis id="78D51F89E962A7F89CD48C425437F86E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Holt</emphasis>
6204 (HULE, MO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B9FC4F6C78A64AE3FB878CBB8A00D93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="303D9391742E9AFDE7CE8F2308023298" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BELIZE.</emphasis>
Cayo, San Luis,
<emphasis id="2A78BBDE3FF6045E569FC81C9A498F9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.D. Dwyer et al.</emphasis>
410 (MO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80842F999F23975F798755F620384ED5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6F0E0C980CAC6985F016B2ECCC4948B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">GUATEMALA.</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="DFCB8D6A3C91EB6050224DE0EEE0925A" originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
, San
<normalizedToken id="DC77FB6FF80C2B604C8CD045D9B6AE4C" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="0757322660C1930239DDE200D595BD4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
B.
<normalizedToken id="5A74F8BF9197C44908AE3B450CBF28B5" originalValue="Wallnöfer">Wallnoefer</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
9502 (MO, W); ibid.,
<normalizedToken id="A78B49C831A979D0B856E0F8E0062DAF" originalValue="Cuxú">Cuxu</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="59C823F01C39D1376A9FD54A33DC751F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
R. Tun
<normalizedToken id="3BCB6DB051A86C1A509650428FA6B9B9" originalValue="Ortíz">Ortiz</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
510 (BM, F, S); Santa Elena,
<emphasis id="32B0DFEC1FA891335B2D53427CFF137D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
R. Tun
<normalizedToken id="610449A54E97A081FBB2D6522E76CCDA" originalValue="Ortíz">Ortiz</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
1061 (BM, F); Lake
<normalizedToken id="05C287EA92DDAAB3645C0822A8E82A24" originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E325AEC0A59B7C34CC3C384B5422D694" originalValue="Itzá">Itza</normalizedToken>
<potBibRef id="70B8A678D1AB0A9A21BE60545F9013EF">
,
<emphasis id="3A0FD6E6A2083F9B0C90A2D6BD8A9D4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Contreras</emphasis>
5494
</potBibRef>
(BM, F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAA0C97B003C37B85A26BC44FF3436BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EF7FE5BC2BE86F9726E4BAFFF157E33B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MEXICO. Campeche</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="E050959903496C53991543932EC61AA0" originalValue="Hopelchén">Hopelchen</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="7B2323D7154E0B64E8DFD318D0CDA2B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E.
<normalizedToken id="89488925A0A1DF1D630F2D1889E4221B" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
et al.
</emphasis>
31358 (BM, MEXU);
<normalizedToken id="827421295DFD8DF795EE98FF4A067624" originalValue="Calkiní">Calkini</normalizedToken>
, Tunkashe,
<emphasis id="958C8A57692E568CD5C81AF83DCCA01D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E. &amp; H. de
<taxonomicName id="09662C47DE3A9D3C8F477A7CE6CB4935" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cabrera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cabrera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
15837 (IEB).
<emphasis id="92D5B4F760E93D33FA12106C2789447A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chiapas</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="9E94B310305D451433D1DE3A56D6EB33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Espejo</emphasis>
5868 (MEXU).
<emphasis id="EBA9151FD22B30E6619A0DD069FBA360" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guerrero</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="1D3485417EB358D5664552F651707547" originalValue="Petatlán">Petatlan</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="2373CAE59072EDBD14F37EC14578E2FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E.
<normalizedToken id="951F9FE26D26B33732E5B40EEDD79E1B" originalValue="Langlassé">Langlasse</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
631 (K).
<emphasis id="928B4626AD2D2623BF18341B168050C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jalisco</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="6C78300BFAB3DACC9E20C5DA0549D1A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S.H. Bullock</emphasis>
2000 (K).
<emphasis id="82FAE19C0A0DAD20A7D20AEE9E8ED761" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="08EC8953B17B34666A23E99E554AF8EE" originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="F51E466A063B8EA6B1ADD54B570C2D50" originalValue="Apatzingán">Apatzingan</normalizedToken>
<potBibRef id="785FBE0793E3E37B11C3777CF841BC3C">
,
<emphasis id="F8E1B9EBD2231C0B4EA4DEA3CCD585A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leavenworth</emphasis>
444
</potBibRef>
(MO); La Huacana, Sierra Las Cruces,
<emphasis id="CB975ED657FCCFC744C7BA64F35DA397" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.W. Steinmann et al.</emphasis>
5227 (IEB); Aguila,
<emphasis id="89BEEF7FED7C358D502F3B235DC677D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Carranza &amp; I. Silva</emphasis>
6658 (IEB).
<emphasis id="30A331DD116E1866D9F58FE0C0D49D51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quintana Roo</emphasis>
: Chetumal,
<emphasis id="F54DCF0FD8C5988322953D13F9E29783" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E.
<taxonomicName id="E71C13384418F6674E235D39A948CFDB" authority="J.L. Godinez" authorityName="J. L. Godinez" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cabrera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cabrera</taxonomicName>
&amp; J.L.
<normalizedToken id="D1EBD13FE35535435F017C596686D896" originalValue="Godínez">Godinez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
4492 (MO); Puerto Morelos,
<emphasis id="B178C4400E55DEDFEBD2970293DD6CC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
O.
<normalizedToken id="78F5442DAD3945B945D3C2E80FAC8A9B" originalValue="Téllez">Tellez</normalizedToken>
&amp; E.
<taxonomicName id="705A97AA0CD7A3D327839E42B20AC51E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cabrera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cabrera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
1880 (BM, MEXU).
<emphasis id="C7C84859E37B2F0CF846D33DD9E7D60C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="22D9E9C9F304DC5980DF7DBCB5636662" originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Sayil,
<emphasis id="95F088CA21738562F7FA97C168FCA302" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E.&amp; H. de
<taxonomicName id="62BD86A7143B4EA24B95C0551750BE59" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cabrera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cabrera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
10322 (MEXU, MO); Izamal,
<emphasis id="F6ADCA1B484CC40E58727C8D432CCA8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G.F. Gaumer</emphasis>
547 (BM, C, K, S); ibid.,
<emphasis id="E8C4AB21EDC08DA0F6140AA360493F0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Schott</emphasis>
905 (BM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B6E83FDFB635014DBE661B9992406E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="83D91C4120E3AF8E15E7D41F93B24912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AA53DE4EC53742919A0769707ACF709" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The presence of soft spines on the sepals makes this species unmistakeable and only likely to be confused with the following four species. From
<taxonomicName id="3130036C7C2FD0243AEFFD0B79530450" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinocalyx">
<emphasis id="138DFCE27FC25AA26FA3D8234C967C11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. echinocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is distinguished by the longer peduncles, shorter sepals, less hairy leaves and pink corolla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>1758</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Laurentius Salvius</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Stockholm</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>https://archive.org/download/mobot31753000798865/mobot31753000798865.pdf</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2C6327E1-5560-4DB4-B9CA-76A0FA03D975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3922206</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3913555" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164809509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3913555" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9EED3BCF-2195-4494-84B2-52A30AD9C5EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E10C0611B909DBCA6EC030BE0B39B6F" lastPageNumber="335" pageNumber="335" sourcePageUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727246">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="335">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9EED3BCF-2195-4494-84B2-52A30AD9C5EF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Diodontidae" genus="Diodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hystrix" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Pisces" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Branchiostegi">Diodon hystrix</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="335">D. oblongus, aculeis teretibus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="335">
<emphasis italics="true">Mus. Ad. Fr.</emphasis>
1.
<emphasis italics="true">p.</emphasis>
58. Ostracion diodon, corpore spinis undique armato. @/D. 14. P. 22. V. 0. A. 14. C. 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="335">
<emphasis italics="true">Art. gen.</emphasis>
60.
<emphasis italics="true">syn.</emphasis>
86. Ostracion conico-oblon- gus, aculeis undique longis teretiformibus imprimis in lateribus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="335">
<emphasis italics="true">Amoen. acad.</emphasis>
1.
<emphasis italics="true">p.</emphasis>
310. idem.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="335">
<emphasis italics="true">It. scan.</emphasis>
285. idem. @/D. 14. P. 22. V. 0. A. 14. C. 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="335">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
India.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

355
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<paragraph id="860672420614FFF2FF36A487BFC02DCD" blockId="8.[151,511,1181,1241]" box="[151,511,1181,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<heading id="DD4EC52E0614FFF2FF36A487BFC02DCD" bold="true" box="[151,511,1181,1207]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10614FFF2FF36A487BFC02DCD" ID-CoL="6BNZK" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,511,1181,1207]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500614FFF2FF36A487BFC02DCD" bold="true" box="[151,511,1181,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500614FFF2FF36A487BF742DCD" bold="true" box="[151,331,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30614FFF2FEF3A487BFC02DCD" box="[338,511,1181,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" refId="ref5496" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="860672420614FFF2FF36A4DABFAF2DA2" blockId="8.[151,511,1181,1241]" box="[151,400,1216,1241]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70614FFF2FF36A4DABF322DA2" box="[151,269,1216,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Figs 1C, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70614FFF2FEB9A4DABF652DA2" box="[280,346,1216,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">2C–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70614FFF2FEC7A4DBBF492DA2" box="[358,374,1217,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70614FFF2FE23A4DABFAF2DA2" box="[386,400,1216,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,392,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,378,1195]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Geographic distribution records of Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. Empty circles, new records; full circles, records from literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095925/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<taxonomicName id="41B909C10614FFF2FF36A513BFC72C64" ID-CoL="6BNZK" authority="Gravely, 1931: 234" authorityName="Gravely" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,504,1288,1310]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500614FFF2FF36A513BF122C64" box="[151,301,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="071854530614FFF2FE92A512BFC72C64" author="" box="[307,504,1288,1310]" page="234" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30614FFF2FE92A512BFF92C64" box="[307,454,1288,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" refId="ref5496" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 234
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 2J–L (description and illustrations of female).
<treatmentCitation id="071854530614FFF2FBA2A512BB032C64" author="" box="[1027,1340,1288,1310]" page="114" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30614FFF2FBA2A512BB332C64" box="[1027,1292,1288,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" refId="ref6124" refString="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S. (1981) Revision of spiders of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer from India (Araneae: Ctenidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 79, 105 - 124." type="journal article">Tikader &amp; Malhotra 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 114
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6A– C (description and illustrations of female).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</subSubSection>
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<typeStatus id="5902CCE00614FFF2FF36A573BEED2CF8" box="[151,210,1385,1410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
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female
<typeStatus id="5902CCE00614FFF2FDA0A570BC5C2CF8" box="[513,611,1386,1410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10614FFF2FD3CA570BA382CF8" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[669,1031,1385,1410]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500614FFF2FD3CA570BD712CFB" box="[669,846,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30614FFF2FCFFA573BA382CF8" box="[862,1031,1385,1410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" refId="ref5496" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
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:
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:
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:
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(
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,
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),
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alt.;
<collectorName id="2B4C17940614FFF2FC9DA58BBDF02CD3" box="[828,975,1424,1449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">F.H. Gravely</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0614FFF2FBB3A58ABCA42C8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903469" collectingDate="1914-09-16" collectingDateMax="1914-09-24" collectingDateMin="1914-09-16" collectorName="F. H. Gravely" country="India" elevation="390" latitude="10.273302" location="Kavalai" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.53695" municipality="Thrissur" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0614FFF2FBB3A58ABB222CD2" box="[1042,1309,1424,1449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="1914-09-16" valueMax="1914-09-24" valueMin="1914-09-16">
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FBB3A58ABB222CD2" box="[1042,1309,1424,1449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="1914-09-16" valueMax="1914-09-24" valueMin="1914-09-16">16–24 September 1914</date>
</collectingDate>
; repository ZSI; voucher numbers 1505/18; unspecified number of female
<typeStatus id="5902CCE00614FFF2FCCEA5A2BDEE2CAA" box="[879,977,1464,1488]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E8380614FFF2FBBBA5ACBA432CB5" box="[1050,1148,1462,1487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Thrissur</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="836624990614FFF2FB28A5ACBADF2CB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540614FFF0FF36A487BCC62839:836624990614FFF2FB28A5ACBADF2CB5" box="[1161,1248,1462,1487]" country="India" latitude="10.273302" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.53695" municipality="Thrissur" name="Kavalai" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" stateProvince="Kerala">Kavalai</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FB53A5ADBBA72CB5" box="[1266,1432,1459,1487]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="10.273302">10o16'23.89''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FF36A5C7BF052C8C" box="[151,314,1498,1526]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="76.53695">76o32'13.03''E</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="0D9495710614FFF2FEEEA5C4BFA82C8C" box="[335,407,1502,1526]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="390.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70614FFF2FEEEA5C4BFA82C8C" box="[335,407,1502,1526]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.;
<collectorName id="2B4C17940614FFF2FE72A5C5BC592C8C" box="[467,614,1501,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">F.H. Gravely</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0614FFF2FD09A5C7BFEF2F3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903465" collectorName="F. H. Gravely" country="India" elevation="2246" latitude="11.406413" location="Ootacamund" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.693245" municipality="Ooty" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="syntype">
date and repository unknown;
<specimenCount id="90BFB9CB0614FFF2FBA5A5C4BA592C8C" box="[1028,1126,1501,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="5902CCE00614FFF2FBCEA5C5BAF92C8D" box="[1135,1222,1503,1527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00614FFF2FAAFA5C7BBA62C8C" box="[1294,1433,1501,1526]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E8380614FFF2FF36A61FBEF02F67" box="[151,207,1541,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Ooty</collectingMunicipality>
(formerly
<location id="836624990614FFF2FEEAA61EBFE32F67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540614FFF0FF36A487BCC62839:836624990614FFF2FEEAA61EBFE32F67" box="[331,476,1540,1565]" country="India" latitude="11.406413" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.693245" municipality="Ooty" name="Ootacamund" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Ootacamund</location>
) (
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FE54A61FBCA72F67" box="[501,664,1537,1565]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="11.406413">11o24'23.09''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FD04A61EBD772F67" box="[677,840,1537,1565]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="76.693245">76o41'35.68''E</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="0D9495710614FFF2FCFCA61EBD8C2F66" box="[861,947,1540,1565]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.246" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="2246.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70614FFF2FCFCA61EBD8C2F66" box="[861,947,1540,1565]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.246" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="2246.0">2246 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.;
<collectorName id="2B4C17940614FFF2FC4EA61FBABF2F67" box="[1007,1152,1540,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">F.H. Gravely</collectorName>
leg.; date and repository unknown, all not examined.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="860672420614FFF2FF66A656BED62FF3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1385,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500614FFF2FF66A656BF392F1F" bold="true" box="[199,262,1612,1637]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Note.</emphasis>
The species was identified using the illustrations given by
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30614FFF2FC64A656BA4A2F1F" box="[965,1141,1612,1637]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" refId="ref5496" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely (1931)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30614FFF2FB12A656BEDA2FF3" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" refId="ref6124" refString="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S. (1981) Revision of spiders of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer from India (Araneae: Ctenidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 79, 105 - 124." type="journal article">Tikader &amp; Malhotra (1981)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="860672420614FFF2FF66A68EBCCB2EA1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1385,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0614FFF2FF66A68EBDF32FAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903468" collectingDate="2013-05-22" country="India" elevation="96" latitude="10.130083" location="Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.69534" municipality="Material" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500614FFF2FF66A68EBC482FD7" bold="true" box="[199,631,1684,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E8380614FFF2FF66A68EBF102FD7" box="[199,303,1684,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Material</collectingMunicipality>
examined.
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D20614FFF2FE1CA68EBC2E2FD7" box="[445,529,1684,1709]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00614FFF2FD80A68EBC502FD7" box="[545,623,1684,1709]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500614FFF2FD80A68EBC502FD7" bold="true" box="[545,623,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Kerala</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Ernakulam, Kothamangalam, Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary (
<location id="836624990614FFF2FAAFA68EBF782FAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540614FFF0FF36A487BCC62839:836624990614FFF2FAAFA68EBF782FAE" country="India" latitude="10.130083" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.69534" municipality="Material" name="Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" stateProvince="Kerala">Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary</location>
),
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FEF2A6A6BFE62FAE" box="[339,473,1719,1748]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="10.130083">10o7'48.3''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FE47A6A1BCB82FAE" box="[486,647,1719,1748]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="76.69534">76o41'43.24''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0D9495710614FFF2FD35A6A1BCF12FA9" box="[660,718,1723,1748]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="96.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70614FFF2FD35A6A1BCF12FA9" box="[660,718,1723,1748]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="96.0">96 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0614FFF2FCA9A6A6BD9D2FAE" box="[776,930,1724,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2013-05-22">
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FCA9A6A6BD9D2FAE" box="[776,930,1724,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2013-05-22">22 May 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
, M
</materialsCitation>
.S. Pradeep leg., from ground, by hand: 1 subadult female (ADSH
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FE09A6F8BFC02F80" box="[424,511,1762,1786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="31-10-20">201031</date>
);
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0614FFF2FDB3A6F8BF0A2E65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903357" collectingDate="2013-07-31" country="India" elevation="134" latitude="8.901769" location="Kulathupuzha Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.06436" municipality="Kollam" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E8380614FFF2FDB3A6F8BC562F81" box="[530,617,1762,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Kollam</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="836624990614FFF2FDD5A6F8BD612F80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540614FFF0FF36A487BCC62839:836624990614FFF2FDD5A6F8BD612F80" box="[628,862,1762,1787]" country="India" latitude="8.901769" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.06436" municipality="Kollam" name="Kulathupuzha Forest" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" stateProvince="Kerala">Kulathupuzha Forest</location>
Reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FC6FA6F8BA692F81" box="[974,1110,1758,1787]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="8.901769">8o54'6.37''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FBC3A6F9BACA2F81" box="[1122,1269,1758,1787]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="77.06436">77o3'51.70''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0D9495710614FFF2FAA0A6F8BB772F80" box="[1281,1352,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="134.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70614FFF2FAA0A6F8BB772F80" box="[1281,1352,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0614FFF2FA21A6F8BF362E65" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2013-07-31">
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FA21A6F8BF362E65" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2013-07-31">31 July 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
, M
</materialsCitation>
.S. Pradeep leg., from ground, by hand: 1 subadult female (ADSH
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FB89A71DBA412E65" box="[1064,1150,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="32-10-20">201032</date>
) and
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FB60A71DBBBE2E65" box="[1217,1409,1798,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2015-01-11">11 January 2015</date>
: 1 subadult female (ADSH
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FE13A737BC362E3F" box="[434,521,1837,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="33-10-20">201033</date>
); Pathanamthitta, Gavi, 9o26'9.07''N, 77o9'56.78''E,
<quantity id="4141DFA70614FFF2FBC5A737BA812E3F" box="[1124,1214,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.201" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="1201.0">1201 m</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FAA1A737BEED2E13" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2013-12-21">21 December 2013</date>
, M.S. Pradeep leg., from ground, by hand: 1 subadult female, (ADSH
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FB89A74BBABF2E13" box="[1064,1152,1873,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="34-10-20">201034</date>
);
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0614FFF2FB3BA74BBD812EEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903358" collectingDate="2014-10-04" country="India" elevation="920" latitude="8.759942" location="Kallar in Ponmudi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.116875" municipality="Trivandrum" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E8380614FFF2FB3BA74BBB1D2E10" box="[1178,1314,1873,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403">Trivandrum</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="836624990614FFF2FA92A74BBEC02EEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540614FFF0FF36A487BCC62839:836624990614FFF2FA92A74BBEC02EEA" country="India" latitude="8.759942" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.116875" municipality="Trivandrum" name="Kallar in Ponmudi" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" stateProvince="Kerala">Kallar in Ponmudi</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FEACA762BF9B2EEA" box="[269,420,1908,1936]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="8.759942">8o45'35.79''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850614FFF2FE13A762BC7A2EEA" box="[434,581,1908,1936]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="77.116875">77o7'00.75''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0D9495710614FFF2FDF5A762BCA12EF5" box="[596,670,1912,1936]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="920.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70614FFF2FDF5A762BCA12EF5" box="[596,670,1912,1936]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0614FFF2FD7AA762BDAD2EEA" box="[731,914,1911,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2014-10-04">
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FD7AA762BDAD2EEA" box="[731,914,1911,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2014-10-04">4 October 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, M
</materialsCitation>
.S. Pradeep leg., from ground, by hand: 1 female (ADSH
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FEE0A784BFA72ECD" box="[321,408,1950,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="35-10-20">201035</date>
); Kollam, Thenmala, 8o57'30.7''N, 77o10'38.9''E,
<quantity id="4141DFA70614FFF2FC1FA784BA3A2ECC" box="[958,1029,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.67" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="567.0">567 m</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FB9CA785BAC72ECD" box="[1085,1272,1950,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="2015-01-10">10 January 2015</date>
, M.S. Pradeep leg., from ground, by hand: 1 female (ADSH
<date id="F20754820614FFF2FD31A7D8BCD72EA1" box="[656,744,1986,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="403" value="36-10-20">201036</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D2C622CA0615FFF3FF36A3CFBCC82D3D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" startId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" targetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="860672420615FFF3FF36A3CFBCC82D3D" blockId="9.[151,1436,981,1095]" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500615FFF3FF36A3CFBF292A91" bold="true" box="[151,278,981,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10615FFF3FE81A3CCBC662A91" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[288,601,981,1003]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500615FFF3FE81A3CCBF862A91" box="[288,441,981,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
Gravely, 1931
</taxonomicName>
. A–C. Female genitalia: A.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10615FFF3FC25A3CFBDCF2A91" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[900,1008,981,1003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Epigynum</taxonomicName>
, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10615FFF3FF36A3EEBF3C2D70" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,259,1012,1034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Epigynum</taxonomicName>
, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90615FFF3FF66A474BA2F2DB5" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="860672420615FFF3FF66A474BA2F2DB5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1134,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500615FFF3FF66A474BF7E2DFD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1134,1159]" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10615FFF3FE7CA475BC6A2DFC" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[477,597,1134,1158]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500615FFF3FE7CA475BC6A2DFC" box="[477,597,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">C. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the females of other species by the following combination of characters: epigynal teeth lying away from the lateral epigynal margin, epigynal plate with broad anterior part and
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10615FFF3FEF6A4ACBFF82DB5" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[343,455,1206,1231]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">epigynum</taxonomicName>
with strongly sclerotized lateral plates (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FC26A4ACBA3B2DB5" box="[903,1028,1206,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7A–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90615FFF0FF66A4C0BFBA2865" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" type="description">
<paragraph id="860672420615FFF0FF66A4C0BFBA2865" blockId="9.[151,1437,1134,2029]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,323]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500615FFF3FF66A4C0BF4B2D89" bold="true" box="[199,372,1242,1267]" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500615FFF3FEDDA4C1BFEE2D89" box="[380,465,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Female</emphasis>
(based on ADSH
<date id="F20754820615FFF3FD39A4C1BCD12D89" box="[664,750,1243,1267]" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" value="37-10-20">201037</date>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FD58A4C0BD4F2D88" box="[761,880,1242,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Figs 1C, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FCDDA4C1BDFF2D89" box="[892,960,1243,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">2C–E</figureCitation>
). Carapace reddish-brown with broad pale brown median band; thoracic part provided with narrow, longitudinal, pale brown medio-lateral bands and patches. Fovea long (1.87), dark. Eye field blackish except between PLEs, which is pale brown. Clypeus, chelicerae, fangs, endites, labium, and sternum brownish. Dorsum of chelicerae covered with long brownish hairs; promargin with a thick layer of short, inwardly curved hairs, with three teeth; retromargin with four teeth. Sternum covered with black hairs. Opisthosoma oval, hirsute, greyish-brown; dorsum antero-laterally with a pair of black patches. Spinnerets brownish. Leg and palpal segments brownish to blackish-brown. All femora with white spots and patches, femur IV retro-basally with a few small humps, each consists of numerous tiny, smooth tubercles (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FACEA5CCBEE42F6C" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Fig. 2C–E</figureCitation>
); 2/3rd of tibia I and 1/3rd of tibia II scopulated, tibiae III and IV lack scopulae; all metatarsi with scopulae, I and II entire, III and IV only on distal half; all tarsi scopulated, tarsal scopula complete. Body length 21.10. Carapace length 10.92, width 8.76. Opisthosoma length 10.18, width 6.91. Eye diameters: ALE 0.32. AME 0.42. PLE 0.51. PME 0.60. Eye interdistances: ALE–ALE 1.88. ALE–PME 0.25. AME–ALE 0.18. AME–AME 0.28. PLE–PLE 2.28. PME–PME 0.32. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.28, at ALEs 1.04. Chelicerae length 4.77. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 11.57 [4.13, 2.11, 2.69, 2.64], I 28.16 [8.01, 4.24, 7.32, 6.64, 1.95], II 26.59 [7.81, 4.16, 6.31, 6.42, 1.89], III 22.60 [6.71, 3.48, 4.78, 5.94, 1.69], IV 31.69 [8.70, 3.73, 7.11, 9.92, 2.23]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of palp: femur pld 2 do 2 rld 1, patella pl 1, tibia pl 2 rl 1 rld 1, tarsus pl 2 pld 1 rl 1 rld 1; legs: femur I pld 2 plv 1 do 3 rld 3, II pl 1 pld 3 do 3 rld 3, III pld 4 do 3 rld 4, IV pld 4 do 3, rld 2; patellae I–II spineless, III–IV pl 1 rl 1; tibiae I–II plv 5 rlv 5, III pl 2 pld 2 plv 3 do 1 rl 2 rlv 3, IV pl 2 plv 3 do 3 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsi I–II plv 3 rlv 3, III pl 3 pld 1plv 3 rl 3 rld 2 rlv 3, IV pl 2 pld 1 plv 3 rl 2 rld 3 rlv 4; tarsi I–IV spineless.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10615FFF3FF36A790BF362EDB" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,265,1930,1953]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500615FFF3FF36A790BF362EDB" box="[151,265,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Epigynum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FEB6A793BFAB2ED8" box="[279,404,1929,1954]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7A–C</figureCitation>
): Median field of epigynal plate nearly triangular with circular epigynal field, with a median bulging (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FEA1A7AABFBD2EB2" box="[256,386,1968,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
), with strongly sclerotized lateral plates, first concave, second straight (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FB70A7AABB102EB3" box="[1233,1327,1968,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FA9EA7AABB722EB2" box="[1343,1357,1968,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">1</figureCitation>
st &amp; 2nd arrows); epigynal lateral folds moderately distinct (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FD44A7CEBD002E97" box="[741,831,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
), with a broad tooth (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70615FFF3FB9DA7CEBAA62E97" box="[1084,1177,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="404">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Copulatory openings hidden behind proximal part of epigynal teeth (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70616FFF0FD04A080BCC129C9" box="[677,766,154,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70616FFF0FCA8A081BD2829C9" box="[777,791,155,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">3</figureCitation>
rd arrow). Copulatory ducts short, lying beneath the lateral folds (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70616FFF0FF43A0A4BF0129AD" box="[226,318,190,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Spermathecae nearly peanut-shaped, obliquely oriented, widely separated, with two differently sized chambers (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70616FFF0FEF3A0F8BF942981" box="[338,427,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Fertilization ducts short, narrow with slightly upturned apical part (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70616FFF0FB11A0F8BB372981" box="[1200,1288,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,227,931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,960]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. A–C. Female genitalia: A. Epigynum, ventral; B. Internal genitalia, dorsal; C. Epigynum, posterior. Abbreviations: EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm. Arrows: 1 indicates concave plate, 2 straight plate, 3 copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500616FFF0FF66A11DBF3E2865" box="[199,257,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Male</emphasis>
: Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90616FFF0FF66A130BCC62839" box="[199,761,298,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="405" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="860672420616FFF0FF66A130BCC62839" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,323]" box="[199,761,298,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500616FFF0FF66A130BF5F2839" bold="true" box="[199,352,298,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D20616FFF0FEC6A130BF9E2839" box="[359,417,298,323]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00616FFF0FE0EA130BFC12839" box="[431,510,298,323]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00616FFF0FDABA130BCAF2839" box="[522,656,298,323]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70616FFF0FD06A130BCD42839" box="[679,747,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,392,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,378,1195]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Geographic distribution records of Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931. Empty circles, new records; full circles, records from literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095925/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="405">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="0275BB8E5D09424FC0BF4065919F50CE">First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="860672420619FFFFFF36A4B1BC0A2DBF" blockId="5.[151,565,1195,1254]" box="[151,565,1195,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
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<taxonomicName id="41B909C10619FFFFFF36A4B1BC0A2DBF" ID-CoL="6BNYF" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,565,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochinensis">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFF36A4B1BFBF2DBF" bold="true" box="[151,384,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Ctenus cochinensis</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="1E826EC70619FFFFFF36A4D7BF0C2D9F" box="[151,307,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Figs 1B, D–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70619FFFFFE9FA4D7BF722D9C" box="[318,333,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70619FFFFFEFBA4D7BF572D9C" box="[346,360,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,218,1004]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1026]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution records of Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. Empty circles, new record; full circles, record from literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90619FFFFFF36A50CBD9F2C30" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="860672420619FFFFFF36A50CBD9F2C30" blockId="5.[151,1436,1301,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A6A9556C0619FFFFFF36A50CBD9F2C30" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10619FFFFFF36A50CBC112C51" ID-CoL="6BNYF" authority="Gravely, 1931: 235" authorityName="Gravely" authorityPageNumber="235" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,558,1301,1323]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochinensis">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFF36A50CBF632C51" box="[151,348,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Ctenus cochinensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="071854530619FFFFFEC4A50FBC112C51" author="" box="[357,558,1301,1323]" page="235" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30619FFFFFEC4A50FBFC52C51" box="[357,506,1301,1323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" refId="ref5496" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 235
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1E, 3C (description and illustrations of male and female).
<treatmentCitation id="071854530619FFFFFB6DA50FBF112C30" author="" page="112" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30619FFFFFB6DA50FBEC22C30" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" refId="ref6124" refString="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S. (1981) Revision of spiders of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer from India (Araneae: Ctenidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 79, 105 - 124." type="journal article">Tikader &amp; Malhotra 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5A–D (description and illustrations of male and female).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90619FFFFFF36A56CBB102E29" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="860672420619FFFFFF36A56CBCCC2F7B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1398,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0619FFFFFF36A56CBCCC2F7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903359" collectingDate="1914-09-16" collectingDateMax="1914-09-24" collectingDateMin="1914-09-16" collectorName="F. H. Gravely" country="India" county="Male" elevation="597" latitude="10.273302" location="Parambikulam" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.53695" municipality="Palakkad" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFF36A56CBF7A2CF5" bold="true" box="[151,325,1398,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<typeStatus id="5902CCE00619FFFFFF36A56CBEED2CF5" box="[151,210,1398,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="6F670ACE0619FFFFFEECA56CBFB82CF5" box="[333,391,1398,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Male</collectingCounty>
and
<specimenCount id="90BFB9CB0619FFFFFE1FA56DBC1F2CF5" box="[446,544,1398,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="5902CCE00619FFFFFD89A562BCB52CEA" box="[552,650,1400,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10619FFFFFD11A56DBA102CF5" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[688,1071,1398,1423]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochinensis">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFD11A56DBDB72CF5" box="[688,904,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Ctenus cochinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30619FFFFFC31A56CBA102CF5" box="[912,1071,1398,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" refId="ref5496" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D20619FFFFFBD4A56DBAF62CF5" box="[1141,1225,1399,1423]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">INDIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00619FFFFFB75A56CBB1C2CF5" box="[1236,1315,1398,1423]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Kerala</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E8380619FFFFFA8FA56CBBA62CF5" box="[1326,1433,1398,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Palakkad</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="836624990619FFFFFF36A587BF042CCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540619FFFDFF36A4B1BC582EC1:836624990619FFFFFF36A587BF042CCC" box="[151,315,1437,1462]" country="India" county="Male" latitude="10.273302" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.53695" municipality="Palakkad" name="Parambikulam" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" stateProvince="Kerala">Parambikulam</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFEF7A584BFC42CCC" box="[342,507,1434,1462]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="10.3928585">10o23'34.29''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFDB3A587BC8A2CCC" box="[530,693,1434,1462]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="76.77563">76o46'32.24''E</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="0D9495710619FFFFFD75A587BD182CCC" box="[724,807,1437,1462]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.97" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="597.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70619FFFFFD75A587BD182CCC" box="[724,807,1437,1462]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.97" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="597.0">597 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt. (male) and Thrissur: Kavalai (
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFB53A584BBA72CCC" box="[1266,1432,1434,1462]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="10.273302">10o16'23.89''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFF36A5DEBF052CA7" box="[151,314,1473,1501]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="76.53695">76o32'13.03''E</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="0D9495710619FFFFFEEFA5DFBFAA2CA6" box="[334,405,1477,1501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="390.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70619FFFFFEEFA5DFBFAA2CA6" box="[334,405,1477,1501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt. (females);
<collectorName id="2B4C17940619FFFFFDE0A5DFBCED2CA7" box="[577,722,1476,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">F.H. Gravely</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0619FFFFFCB2A5DEBA232CA7" box="[787,1052,1476,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="1914-09-16" valueMax="1914-09-24" valueMin="1914-09-16">
<date id="F20754820619FFFFFCB2A5DEBA232CA7" box="[787,1052,1476,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="1914-09-16" valueMax="1914-09-24" valueMin="1914-09-16">16–24 September 1914</date>
</collectingDate>
; repository ZSI; voucher numbers 1506/18 (male) and 1550/18 (females), not examined.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="860672420619FFFFFF36A616BBB72F5F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1398,2019]" box="[151,1416,1548,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFF36A616BEE92F5F" bold="true" box="[151,214,1548,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Note.</emphasis>
The species was identified using the illustrations given by
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30619FFFFFCCDA616BA272F5F" box="[876,1048,1548,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" refId="ref5496" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely (1931)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB30619FFFFFBEEA616BBBB2F5F" box="[1103,1412,1548,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" refId="ref6124" refString="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S. (1981) Revision of spiders of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer from India (Araneae: Ctenidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 79, 105 - 124." type="journal article">Tikader &amp; Malhotra (1981)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="860672420619FFFFFF66A629BB102E29" blockId="5.[151,1437,1398,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0619FFFFFF66A629BA9D2F0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903355" collectingDate="2013-05-08" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="709" latitude="10.418556" location="Material" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.53535" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-subadult="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFF66A629BC472F36" bold="true" box="[199,632,1586,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<location id="836624990619FFFFFF66A629BF102F36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540619FFFDFF36A4B1BC582EC1:836624990619FFFFFF66A629BF102F36" box="[199,303,1587,1612]" country="India" latitude="10.418556" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.53535" name="Material" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" stateProvince="Kerala">Material</location>
examined.
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D20619FFFFFE1FA629BC2D2F36" box="[446,530,1587,1612]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00619FFFFFD80A628BC502F31" box="[545,623,1586,1611]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFD80A628BC502F31" bold="true" box="[545,623,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Kerala</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Thrissur, Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFBFEA62EBACA2F36" box="[1119,1269,1583,1612]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="10.418556">10o25'6.80''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFAA5A629BBA82F36" box="[1284,1431,1583,1612]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="76.53535">76o32'7.25''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0D9495710619FFFFFF36A642BEDA2F15" box="[151,229,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.09" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="709.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70619FFFFFF36A642BEDA2F15" box="[151,229,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.09" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="709.0">709 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0619FFFFFE8AA642BFFC2F0A" box="[299,451,1624,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2013-05-08">
<date id="F20754820619FFFFFE8AA642BFFC2F0A" box="[299,451,1624,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2013-05-08">8 May 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="2B4C17940619FFFFFE77A642BC4B2F0A" box="[470,628,1623,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">M.S. Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand:
<specimenCount id="90BFB9CB0619FFFFFC41A642BA642F0A" box="[992,1115,1623,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="subadult">1 subadult</specimenCount>
male
</materialsCitation>
, 2 subadult females, (ADSH20191) and
<date id="F20754820619FFFFFED6A666BC2F2FEE" box="[375,528,1659,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2013-07-23">23 July 2013</date>
: 1 female with egg sac (ADSH20192);
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0619FFFFFC78A661BCB72F98" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903361" collectingDate="2013-05-22" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="96" latitude="10.130083" location="Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.69534" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-subadult="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
Ernakulam, Kothamangalam, Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary (
<location id="836624990619FFFFFEF1A6B8BCAC2FC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540619FFFDFF36A4B1BC582EC1:836624990619FFFFFEF1A6B8BCAC2FC0" box="[336,659,1698,1723]" country="India" latitude="10.130083" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.69534" name="Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" stateProvince="Kerala">Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary</location>
),
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFD06A6B8BD0F2FC0" box="[679,816,1694,1722]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="10.130083">10o7'48.3''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFC9DA6B8BDE22FC0" box="[828,989,1694,1723]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="76.69534">76o41'43.24''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0D9495710619FFFFFC4BA6B8BA1C2FC0" box="[1002,1059,1698,1723]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="96.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70619FFFFFC4BA6B8BA1C2FC0" box="[1002,1059,1698,1723]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="96.0">96 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0619FFFFFBFCA6B8BAC82FC0" box="[1117,1271,1698,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2013-05-22">
<date id="F20754820619FFFFFBFCA6B8BAC82FC0" box="[1117,1271,1698,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2013-05-22">22 May 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="2B4C17940619FFFFFAA2A6B8BBA32FC1" box="[1283,1436,1698,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">M.S. Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand:
<specimenCount id="90BFB9CB0619FFFFFE75A6D3BC772F98" box="[468,584,1737,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="subadult">1 subadult</specimenCount>
male
</materialsCitation>
, 1 female, (ADSH20193); Malappuram, Akambadam, 11o18'37.42''N, 76o12'31.68''E,
<quantity id="4141DFA70619FFFFFEE6A6EABFBB2E7D" box="[327,388,1776,1800]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="41.0">41 m</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="F20754820619FFFFFE65A6EABCBF2E72" box="[452,640,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2013-08-23">23 August 2013</date>
, M.S. Pradeep leg., from ground, by hand: 2 females with egg sacs (ADSH20194);
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F0619FFFFFEEAA70DBA302E29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903354" collectingDate="2016-08-16" collectingDateMax="2017-03-25" collectingDateMin="2016-08-16" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="27" latitude="9.709894" location="Areeppara in Edappady" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" specimenCode="ADSH20195" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E8380619FFFFFEEAA70DBF832E55" box="[331,444,1815,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Kottayam</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="836624990619FFFFFE69A70DBCEC2E55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C3540619FFFDFF36A4B1BC582EC1:836624990619FFFFFE69A70DBCEC2E55" box="[456,723,1814,1839]" country="India" latitude="9.709894" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" name="Areeppara in Edappady" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" stateProvince="Kerala">Areeppara in Edappady</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFD7EA70DBD4A2E55" box="[735,885,1811,1839]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="9.709894">9o42'35.62''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D14850619FFFFFC20A70CBA1B2E55" box="[897,1060,1811,1839]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" precision="1" value="76.71345">76o42'48.42''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0D9495710619FFFFFB8EA70DBA562E54" box="[1071,1129,1815,1839]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="27.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA70619FFFFFB8EA70DBA562E54" box="[1071,1129,1815,1839]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0619FFFFFB03A70CBB652E55" box="[1186,1370,1814,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2016-08-16">
<date id="F20754820619FFFFFB03A70CBB652E55" box="[1186,1370,1814,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2016-08-16">16 August 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="2B4C17940619FFFFFAC7A70DBECE2E29" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">M.S. Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand:
<specimenCount id="90BFB9CB0619FFFFFD93A721BC422E29" box="[562,637,1850,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="D61FDA390619FFFFFD2DA720BD1D2E29" box="[652,802,1850,1875]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">ADSH20195</specimenCode>
) and
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A0619FFFFFCC1A720BA302E29" box="[864,1039,1850,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2017-03-25">
<date id="F20754820619FFFFFCC1A720BA302E29" box="[864,1039,1850,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2017-03-25">25 March 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
: 1 female (ADSH20196).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90619FFFFFF66A744BA012E99" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="860672420619FFFFFF66A744BA012E99" blockId="5.[151,1437,1398,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFF66A744BF7E2E0D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1886,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10619FFFFFEEFA745BC122E0C" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[334,557,1886,1910]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochinensis">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500619FFFFFEEFA745BC122E0C" box="[334,557,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Ctenus cochinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from other congeners by the following combination of characters: hook-shaped RTA without apical bifurcation, MA short, roughly squarish,
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10619FFFFFBC6A798BAF92EE1" box="[1127,1222,1922,1947]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
with well-defined, transversely oriented apical part, flat, as wide as long epigynal plate, posteriorly placed epigynal teeth, nearly straight lateral folds of copulatory ducts and peanut-like spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70619FFFFFC18A7D0BA0D2E99" box="[953,1074,1994,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Fig. 5A–F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D2C622CA061AFFFCFF36A73FBCC82E89" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="401" startId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" targetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="86067242061AFFFCFF36A73FBCC82E89" blockId="6.[151,1436,1829,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061AFFFCFF36A73FBF2D2E41" bold="true" box="[151,274,1829,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="401">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061AFFFCFEB8A73CBC4B2E41" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[281,628,1829,1851]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochinensis">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061AFFFCFEB8A73CBFE42E41" box="[281,475,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="401">Ctenus cochinensis</emphasis>
Gravely, 1931
</taxonomicName>
. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061AFFFCFEBCA75EBFB62E20" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[285,393,1860,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Epigynum</taxonomicName>
, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061AFFFCFC88A75EBDAA2E20" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[809,917,1860,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Epigynum</taxonomicName>
, posterior; G.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061AFFFCFB87A75EBAAF2E20" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[1062,1168,1860,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Epigynum</taxonomicName>
of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct,
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061AFFFCFB98A779BA952E02" box="[1081,1194,1890,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">E embolus</taxonomicName>
, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061BFFFDFF66A08DBCBD2EED" pageId="7" pageNumber="402" type="description">
<paragraph id="86067242061BFFFDFF66A08DBDAD2D4D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061BFFFDFF66A08DBF4B29CA" bold="true" box="[199,372,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061BFFFDFEDAA082BF8A29CA" box="[379,437,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Male</emphasis>
(based on ADSH20195,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFD6FA08DBD1A29CA" box="[718,805,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Carapace pale brownish with yellowish-brown median band; thoracic part provided with narrow, longitudinal yellowish-brown medio-lateral bands and patches. Fovea long (1.41), longitudinal, reddish. Eye field black except between PLEs, which is yellowish-brown; ALEs, PLEs and PMEs basally covered with fine, short white hairs (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFC8CA11EBDB42866" box="[813,907,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Clypeus, chelicerae, fangs, endites, labium, sternum, and spinnerets pale brownish. Dorsum of chelicerae covered with long brownish hairs; promargin with a thick layer of inwardly curved brownish hairs, with three teeth; retromargin with four. Sternum covered with black hairs. Opisthosoma roughly oval, hirsute; dorsum, laterals, and venter greyish-brown; venter with a broad, inverted triangular, creamy patch. Leg segments pale brownish to brownish with black shades and annulations; all tarsi scopulated, tarsal scopula entire; metatarsus I with entire scopula, distal 2/3rd of metatarsus II scopulated, metatarsi III and IV lack scopula. Body length 10.71. Carapace length 6.39, width 5.44. Opisthosoma length 4.32, width 2.91. Eye diameters: ALE 0.19. AME 0.32. PLE 0.39. PME 0.45. Eye interdistances: ALE–ALE 0.25. ALE–PME 0.08. AME–ALE 0.16. AME–AME 0.18. PLE–PLE 1.52. PME–PME 0.22. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.16, at ALEs 0.67. Chelicerae length 2.06. Measurements of pedipalp and legs: pedipalp 8.42 [3.19, 1.20, 1.28, 2.75], I 23.26 [6.21, 2.81, 6.28, 6.23, 1.73], II 20.12 [5.65, 2.61, 5.02, 5.34, 1.50], III 16.70 [4.93, 2.14, 3.62, 4.65, 1.36], IV 23.89 [6.40, 2.40, 5.37, 7.97, 1.75]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of pedipalp: femur pld 1 do 4 rld 1, patella pl 1, tibia pl 1 plv 1 rld 1 rlv 1, tarsus/cymbium spineless; legs: femur I pl 1 pld 2 do 3 rld 4, II pl 1 pld 3 do 3 rld 4, III pl 5 do 3 rl 4, IV pld 4 do 3, rld 3; patellae I–IV pl 1 rl 1; tibia I pl 1 plv 5 do 3 rld 2 rlv 5, II pl 1 plv 5 do 3 rl 2 rlv 5, III pl 2 plv 3 do 2 rl 2 rlv 3, IV pl 2 plv 4 do 3 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsus I pld 2 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 3, II pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 3 vt 1, III pl 1 pld 3 plv 2 rl 1 rld 3 rlv 3, IV pl 3 pld 1 plv 3 rl 2 rld 3 rlv 4; tarsi I–IV spineless.
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061BFFFDFB62A339BB162A41" box="[1219,1321,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Pedipalp</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFA99A338BE922A25" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5A– C</figureCitation>
): palpal segments brownish with black shades. RTA stout, with broad proximal part, short, distal part with acute tip, appears hook-like in retrolateral view (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFDD5A370BCD12AF9" box="[628,750,874,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5B–C</figureCitation>
). Ventro-lateral tibial apophysis short, thumb-like, directed at 2-o’clock in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFE69A394BC1D2ADD" box="[456,546,910,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Cymbium tip conical, without basal extension, with short, acute, retrolateral cymbial tooth (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFEE9A3A8BFFA2AB1" box="[328,453,946,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5B–C</figureCitation>
). Tegulum highly sclerotised, with a median membranous pit (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFB00A3A8BAC22AB1" box="[1185,1277,946,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Subtegulum highly sclerotised. MA short, nearly rectangular, baso-retrolateral, with a slight apico-prolateral extension (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFACEA3CCBE852D69" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061BFFFDFF71A3E0BF0B2D69" box="[208,308,1018,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">Embolus</taxonomicName>
apically with a prolateral curvature, with blunt tip, narrow in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFB34A3E0BB2D2D69" box="[1173,1298,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5A–B</figureCitation>
). Conductor transparent, apico-retrolateral, rounded in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFCABA404BDB92D4D" box="[778,902,1054,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86067242061BFFFDFF66A459BFBF2E51" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061BFFFDFF66A459BF232D21" box="[199,284,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Female</emphasis>
(based on ADSH20196) (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFDE9A458BCFB2D21" box="[584,708,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 1B, E</figureCitation>
). Like male except the following. Carapace brownish with pale brown median band; thoracic part provided with narrow, longitudinal, pale brown medio-lateral bands. Fovea (1.08) dark. Eye field brownish except between PLEs, which is pale brown. Clypeus, chelicerae, fangs, endites, labium, and sternum brownish. Dorsum, laterals and venter of opisthosoma blackish-brown with inconspicuous black spots and W-shaped markings; venter with paired median longitudinal bands formed of pale yellowish spots. Spinnerets pale yellowish with black shades. Leg segments brownish. Body length 12.72. Carapace length 6.49, width 5.11. Opisthosoma length 6.23, width 4.11. Eye diameters: ALE 0.21. AME 0.25. PLE 0.36. PME 0.47. Eye interdistances: ALE–ALE 1.36. ALE–PME 0.09. AME–ALE 0.51. AME–AME 0.15. PLE–PLE 1.58. PME–PME 0.25. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.14, at ALEs 0.58. Chelicerae length 2.85. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 6.79 [2.46, 1.26, 1.43, 1.64], I 16.45 [4.74, 2.69, 4.15, 3.76, 1.11], II 15.20 [4.53, 2.55, 3.54, 3.48, 1.10], III 13.26 [4.05, 1.97, 2.87, 3.44, 0.93], IV 19.18 [5.37, 2.36, 4.30, 5.76, 1.39]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of palp: femur pld 2 do 2 rld 1, patella pl 1, tibia pl 2 rl 1 rld 2, tarsus pl 2 pld 1 rl 2; legs: femur I pld 2 plv 1 do 3 rld 3, II pl 2 pld 2 do 3 rld 3, III plv 4 do 4 rlv 4, IV pld 4 do 3, rld 1; patellae I–II spineless, III–IV pl 1 rl 1; tibiae I–II plv 5 rlv 5, III pl 2 plv 3 do 2 rld 2 rlv 3, IV pl 2 plv 3 do 3 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsus I plv 3 rlv 2, II plv 3 rlv 3, III pl 3 pld 1 plv 3 rl 2 rld 2 rlv 3, IV pl 3 pld 1 plv 3 rl 3 rld 2 rlv 4; tarsi I–IV spineless.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061BFFFDFC1BA621BA132F28" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[954,1068,1595,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="402" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061BFFFDFC1BA621BA132F28" box="[954,1068,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Epigynum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFB9AA620BA8A2F29" box="[1083,1205,1594,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5D–F</figureCitation>
): epigynal plate flat, nearly as wide as long, with distinct short, wide epigynal field (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFCC1A644BDE72F0D" box="[864,984,1630,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5D, F</figureCitation>
). Copulatory openings postero-lateral to the epigynal plate, masked by epigynal plate (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFD05A698BCC42FE1" box="[676,763,1666,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
, arrows). Epigynal teeth simple, placed postero-laterally to epigynal plate (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFEE6A6BCBFFC2FC5" box="[327,451,1702,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5D–E</figureCitation>
). Copulatory ducts short, wide (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFC91A6BCBDB72FC5" box="[816,904,1702,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
); lateral folds well marked, slightly diagonally oriented, continuous with epigynal teeth (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFDCDA6D0BCFB2F99" box="[620,708,1738,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Spermathecae peanut-shaped, obliquely oriented, close to each other, with two differently sized chambers (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFDDCA6F4BCED2E7D" box="[637,722,1774,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFD7FA6F5BCD32E7D" box="[734,748,1775,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">1</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFCAEA6F5BD1F2E7D" box="[783,800,1775,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">2</figureCitation>
). Fertilization ducts short, narrow, with slightly upturned apical part (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFEBDA708BF4D2E51" box="[284,370,1810,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86067242061BFFFDFF66A72CBCBD2EED" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061BFFFDFF66A72CBF002E35" bold="true" box="[199,319,1846,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Variation.</emphasis>
Adult females (n=5): body length 10.43–12.72. The
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061BFFFDFC09A72CBA272E35" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[936,1048,1846,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="404" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">epigynum</taxonomicName>
of the female specimen from the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary (ADSH20193) has wavy antero-lateral margins and its epigynal teeth are placed close to the posterior epigynal border line (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFDBAA764BC492EED" box="[539,630,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1358,215,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[169,1374,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. A–C. Male left pedipalp: A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral. D–G. Female genitalia: D. Epigynum, ventral; E. Internal genitalia, dorsal; F. Epigynum, posterior; G. Epigynum of female from Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, illustrating variation. Abbreviations: C conductor, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EB embolic base, EF epigynal field, EP epigynal plate, ET epigynal tooth, FD fertiliZation duct, LF lateral fold of copulatory duct, MA median apophysis, RCT retrolateral cymbial tooth, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tmp membranous pit of tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–G, 0.5 mm. Arrows pointing to copulatory opening. Digits 1 and 2, spermathecal chambers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061BFFFDFF66A7B8BC582EC1" box="[199,615,1954,1979]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="86067242061BFFFDFF66A7B8BC582EC1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1979]" box="[199,615,1954,1979]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061BFFFDFF66A7B8BF5F2EC1" bold="true" box="[199,352,1954,1979]" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D2061BFFFDFEC6A7B8BF9E2EC1" box="[359,417,1954,1979]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA0061BFFFDFE0EA7B8BFC22EC1" box="[431,509,1954,1979]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Kerala</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061BFFFDFDB5A7B8BC672EC1" box="[532,600,1954,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,218,1004]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1026]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution records of Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931. Empty circles, new record; full circles, record from literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095917/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="402">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="0E10C354061DFFFBFF36A1E1BFDC2AB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5968625" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141267388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5968625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C354061DFFFBFF36A1E1BFDC2AB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E10C354061DFFFBFF36A1E1BFDC2AB8" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" box="[151,545,506,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" blockId="1.[151,545,506,533]" box="[151,545,506,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<heading id="DD4EC52E061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" bold="true" box="[151,545,506,533]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A1E1BC1E2B6F" bold="true" box="[151,545,506,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFF4FA1E0BC1E2B6F" ID-CoL="Q28" ID-ENA="1725425" authority="Hyatt, 1954" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1954" box="[238,545,506,533]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF4FA1E0BFB62B6E" bold="true" box="[238,393,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFE31A1E1BC1E2B6F" box="[400,545,507,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF36A25BBBA32B90" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A25BBBA32B90" blockId="1.[151,1436,577,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A25BBF2E2B20" bold="true" box="[151,273,577,602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Carapace with deep dorsal indentation (
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD7CA258BA5B2B20" box="[733,1124,577,602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">
Hyatt 1954: fig. 2; herein
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFBA8A25BBA5B2B20" box="[1033,1124,577,602]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
), clypeus high (
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFAB8A258BEEC2B04" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. &amp; Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
Steyn
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFAC3A258BBA32B23" box="[1378,1436,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3; herein
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFE22A27FBFE22B04" box="[387,477,613,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), cheliceral retromargin with four teeth, tibiae I and II usually with six prolateralventral and five retrolateral-ventral spines or rarely six on each row on tibiae I and II, RTA with superior and inferior denticles (
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFECCA2B4BFCB2BBC" box="[365,500,685,710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt 1954</bibRefCitation>
: figs 3–4, 6–8;
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD12A2B4BDBE2BBC" box="[691,897,685,710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. &amp; Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
Steyn
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFD5CA2B4BD052BBF" box="[765,826,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 7–8, 12–13, 17–18; herein
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFAA7A2B7BB602BBC" box="[1286,1375,685,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) and epigynal plate with M-shaped anterior half (
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD23A2C8BD3A2B90" box="[642,773,721,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt 1954</bibRefCitation>
: plate XXXII, figs 26–33;
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFB8EA2C8BAD02B90" box="[1071,1263,721,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. &amp; Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
Steyn
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFBD5A2C8BA932B93" box="[1140,1196,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 9, 14, 19).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF66A2EFBAEF2A74" box="[199,1232,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A2EFBAEF2A74" blockId="1.[151,1436,577,962]" box="[199,1232,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A2EFBF5D2A74" bold="true" box="[199,354,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFEC8A2EFBCC12A74" authority="(Pocock, 1900)" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[361,766,757,782]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilior">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFEC8A2EFBC762A77" box="[361,585,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus agilior</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFDF9A2EFBCC92A74" box="[600,758,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5792" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) On the scorpions, pedipalps and spiders from tropical West-Africa, represented in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 67 (4), 833 - 885, pls. LV - LVIII." type="journal article">Pocock, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFBE1A2ECBAFC2A74" box="[1088,1219,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt 1954</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF66A303BFDC2AB8" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A303BFDC2AB8" blockId="1.[151,1436,577,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A303BF042A48" bold="true" box="[199,315,793,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus was erected by
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFD25A300BD272A48" box="[644,792,793,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5533" refString="Hyatt, K. H. (1954) The African spiders of the family Ctenidae in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 877 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935408651809" type="journal article">Hyatt (1954)</bibRefCitation>
for 11 ctenid spiders from Africa as a member of the subfamily Acantheinae
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFE08A327BC032A2C" box="[425,572,829,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5983" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologique de l'Asie meridionale. V. Arachnides recueillis a Dehra-Dun (N. W. Prov.) et dans le Dekkan par M. A. Smythies. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 252 - 262." type="journal article">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
and was later transferred to Cteninae
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFBA0A327BAAB2A2C" box="[1025,1172,829,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5983" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologique de l'Asie meridionale. V. Arachnides recueillis a Dehra-Dun (N. W. Prov.) et dans le Dekkan par M. A. Smythies. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 252 - 262." type="journal article">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFB07A327BEEB2A00" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref5686" refString="Polotow, D. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170, 333 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / Zoj. 12101" type="journal article">Polotow &amp; Brescovit 2014</bibRefCitation>
). To date, the genus has 20 nominal species, three are known only from males, eight only from females, whereas nine are known from both sexes (World Spider Catalog 2017). The genus is currently restricted to Africa (World Spider Catalog 2017).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A40FBC3E2D55" blockId="1.[151,513,1045,1105]" box="[151,513,1045,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<heading id="DD4EC52E061DFFFBFF36A40FBC3E2D55" bold="true" box="[151,513,1045,1071]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A40FBFA32D55" bold="true" box="[151,412,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061DFFFBFE05A40FBC3E2D55" box="[420,513,1045,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A422BF462D2A" blockId="1.[151,513,1045,1105]" box="[151,377,1080,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFF36A422BECC2D2A" box="[151,243,1080,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFF5FA422BF7B2D2A" box="[254,324,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">2A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFEEEA422BF602D2A" box="[335,351,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFECAA422BF462D2A" box="[363,377,1080,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1023,1045]" captionTargetBox="[169,1421,210,992]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1001]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution records of Africactenus unumus sp. nov. Red circle, type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095911/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF36A499BB332C4E" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF36A499BDC22D9C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F061DFFFBFF36A499BBA62DB8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903356" collectingDate="2013-07-28" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="27" latitude="9.709894" location="Areeppara in Edappady" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="ADSH203" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF36A499BF762DE6" bold="true" box="[151,329,1155,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFF36A499BEED2DE6" box="[151,210,1155,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFEF5A499BF802DE6" box="[340,447,1155,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, male missing right leg I (
<specimenCode id="D61FDA39061DFFFBFD5CA499BD492DE1" box="[765,886,1155,1179]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">ADSH203</specimenCode>
A) from
<location id="83662499061DFFFBFC41A499BACD2DE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A:83662499061DFFFBFC41A499BACD2DE6" box="[992,1266,1155,1180]" country="India" latitude="9.709894" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" name="Areeppara in Edappady" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Kerala">Areeppara in Edappady</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFAA0A499BBA82DE6" box="[1281,1431,1151,1180]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="9.709894">9o42'35.62''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFF36A4B3BF062DB8" box="[151,313,1190,1218]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="76.71345">76o42'48.42''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E838061DFFFBFEE8A4B0BF852DB8" box="[329,442,1194,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Kottayam</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA0061DFFFBFE6DA4B3BC262DB8" box="[460,537,1193,1218]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D2061DFFFBFD8BA4B3BC592DB8" box="[554,614,1193,1218]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">India</collectingCountry>
,
<elevation id="0D949571061DFFFBFDD6A4B0BC892DBB" box="[631,694,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="27.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA7061DFFFBFDD6A4B0BC892DBB" box="[631,694,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A061DFFFBFD58A4B0BDA82DB8" box="[761,919,1193,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-07-28">
<date id="F2075482061DFFFBFD58A4B0BDA82DB8" box="[761,919,1193,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-07-28">28 July 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="2B4C1794061DFFFBFC08A4B0BA792DB8" box="[937,1094,1193,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">M.S. Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F061DFFFBFF36A4D4BDC62D9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903360" box="[151,1017,1229,1254]" collectingDate="2014-08-20" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="27" latitude="9.709894" location="Areeppara in Edappady" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.71345" municipality="Kottayam" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="ADSH203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFF36A4D4BEC32D9C" box="[151,252,1230,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
, male (
<specimenCode id="D61FDA39061DFFFBFEEDA4D4BFF62D9C" box="[332,457,1230,1254]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">ADSH203</specimenCode>
B), same data as holotype, except
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A061DFFFBFCE3A4D4BDC62D9C" box="[834,1017,1230,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2014-08-20">
<date id="F2075482061DFFFBFCE3A4D4BDC62D9C" box="[834,1017,1230,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2014-08-20">20 August 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A4EEBB332C4E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<materialsCitation id="36D1781F061DFFFBFF66A4EEBB332C4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903466" collectingDate="2013-06-19" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="Sam Thomas" country="India" county="Pathanamthitta" elevation="3" latitude="9.404333" location="Kavumbhagom" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.54594" municipality="Thiruvalla" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" specimenCode="ADSH203" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A4EEBCC22C77" bold="true" box="[199,765,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
Additional material examined.
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D2061DFFFBFDE3A4EEBCA92C77" box="[578,662,1268,1293]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA0061DFFFBFD04A4EEBCCC2C77" box="[677,755,1268,1293]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFD04A4EEBCCC2C77" bold="true" box="[677,755,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Kerala</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="6F670ACE061DFFFBFCA7A4EEBD8E2C77" box="[774,945,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Pathanamthitta</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6662E838061DFFFBFC1FA4EEBA092C77" box="[958,1078,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Thiruvalla</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="83662499061DFFFBFBE5A4EEBACB2C77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E10C354061DFFFEFF36A40FBC582B8A:83662499061DFFFBFBE5A4EEBACB2C77" box="[1092,1268,1268,1293]" country="India" county="Pathanamthitta" latitude="9.404333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.54594" municipality="Thiruvalla" name="Kavumbhagom" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Kerala">Kavumbhagom</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFAA0A4EFBBA72C77" box="[1281,1432,1265,1293]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="9.404333">9o24'15.60''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E38D1485061DFFFBFF36A501BF062C4E" box="[151,313,1303,1332]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" precision="1" value="76.54594">76o32'45.36''E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0D949571061DFFFBFEE5A506BF502C49" box="[324,367,1308,1332]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="3.0">
<quantity id="4141DFA7061DFFFBFEE5A506BF502C49" box="[324,367,1308,1332]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
alt.,
<specimenCount id="90BFB9CB061DFFFBFE02A501BFD42C4E" box="[419,491,1307,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="D61FDA39061DFFFBFE5BA506BC492C4E" box="[506,630,1308,1332]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">ADSH203</specimenCode>
C),
<collectorName id="2B4C1794061DFFFBFD3DA506BD112C4E" box="[668,814,1307,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Sam Thomas</collectorName>
leg.,
<collectingDate id="E243AD6A061DFFFBFCCCA506BA3A2C4E" box="[877,1029,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-06-19">
<date id="F2075482061DFFFBFCCCA506BA3A2C4E" box="[877,1029,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" value="2013-06-19">19 June 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
, from ground, by hand.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFBFF66A525BA672F55" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFBFF66A525BA672F55" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A525BF7E2C22" bold="true" box="[199,321,1343,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFE11A525BCA32C2D" authority="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[432,668,1343,1367]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFE11A525BCA32C2D" box="[432,668,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061DFFFBFD03A525BCC42C22" box="[674,763,1343,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFD03A525BCC42C22" bold="true" box="[674,763,1343,1368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
seem closely similar to the males of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFB36A525BF1E2C06" authority="(Arts, 1912)" authorityName="Arts" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFB36A525BBA32C2D" box="[1175,1436,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Africactenus decorosus</emphasis>
(Arts, 1912)
</taxonomicName>
as both share the wide, transversely oriented apical part of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFC66A579BA192C06" box="[967,1062,1379,1404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
as well as the same position and orientation of the conductor, but can be separated from the latter by the following combination of characters: RTA with single inferior denticle (RTA of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFDE9A5B6BCE42CB9" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[584,731,1451,1475]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFDE9A5B6BCE42CB9" box="[584,731,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with three inferior denticles), broad conductor (
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFAA8A5B6BBA42CB9" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1289,1435,1451,1475]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFAA8A5B6BBA42CB9" box="[1289,1435,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with thin conductor), MA lying away from
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFD29A5D5BCD82C92" box="[648,743,1487,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
(MA of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFCEEA5D5BDE02C9D" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[847,991,1487,1511]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFCEEA5D5BDE02C9D" box="[847,991,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lying close to
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFB2AA5D5BAD12C92" box="[1163,1262,1487,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFAA3A5D5BB5E2C92" box="[1282,1377,1487,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
with embolic apophysis (
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFED7A5E9BFE82F76" box="[374,471,1523,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFE5DA5EEBCB42F71" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[508,651,1523,1547]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFE5DA5EEBCB42F71" box="[508,651,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks embolic apophysis) and
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFC45A5E9BA7C2F76" box="[996,1091,1523,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
narrowing at tip (
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFAADA5EEBBA42F71" baseAuthorityName="Arts" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1292,1435,1523,1547]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorosus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFAADA5EEBBA42F71" box="[1292,1435,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">A. decorosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with uniformly wide
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061DFFFBFE25A60DBFDA2F4A" box="[388,485,1559,1584]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">embolus</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFE5DA60DBC4A2F55" box="[508,629,1559,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
, compare with
<bibRefCitation id="E2280FB3061DFFFBFC80A60DBDDD2F55" box="[801,994,1559,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" refId="ref6040" refString="Steyn, T. L., Van der Donckt, J. - F. &amp; Jocque, R. (2003) The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in Eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 290, 129 - 166." type="journal article">
Steyn
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFCC6A602BDA02F55" box="[871,927,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 7–8).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C9061DFFFEFF66A621BFA02B1A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="description">
<paragraph id="86067242061DFFFEFF66A621BD0B2B46" blockId="1.[151,1437,1151,1983]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFF66A621BF662F2E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1595,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061DFFFBFEC0A621BFA42F29" box="[353,411,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Male</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="5902CCE0061DFFFBFE0AA621BC2D2F2E" box="[427,530,1595,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFDBEA621BC422F2E" box="[543,637,1595,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFD2BA626BCED2F2E" box="[650,722,1596,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">2A–B</figureCitation>
). Carapace with deep median indentation (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFB1AA621BB282F2E" box="[1211,1303,1595,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), brownish, with faint, blackish, reticulated pattern and mats of greyish hairs along sides, with broad, median, pale brown, roughly flower vase-like patch, its posterior part just in front of fovea abruptly narrowing towards pedicel, its apical part with a longitudinal white stripe, which bifurcates posteriorly to continue along lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFA97A6BDBBB12FC5" box="[1334,1422,1703,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Fovea long (1.39), longitudinal, black. Eye field, clypeus, chelicerae, labium, endites, sternum, spinnerets, and legs brownish. Clypeus very high (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFE4CA6F5BC7A2E7D" box="[493,581,1775,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. (A–B) and Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931 (C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae dorsally with greyish-brown stiff hairs; promargin with a thick layer of long, brownish, inwardly curved hairs, with one teeth and two denticles, retromargin with four teeth and two small denticles. Fangs black. Sternum clothed with black hairs. Opisthosoma elongated oval, olive-brown, with irregularly scattered black spots and striae; dorsum medially with a broad longitudinal, straw-coloured patch, anterior 2/3rd of which medially possesses a pale yellowish band; dorsum with scattered clusters of white, stiff hairs (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC7061DFFFBFF3EA7BCBEC72EC5" box="[159,248,1958,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,163,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A. Africactenus unumus sp. nov.: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E. Ctenus cochinensis Gravely, 1931: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F. Ctenus indicus Gravely, 1931: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); venter medially with a broad yellowish patch, the middle of which bears a longitudinal olive-brown stripe. Scopulae on tarsi entire; scopulae on metatarsi I–II entire, 2/3rd of metatarsus III with reduced scopula, metatarsus IV lacks scopula. Body length 14.99. Carapace length 7.98, width 6.71. Opisthosoma length 7.01, width 3.98. Eye diameters: ALE 0.24. AME 0.36. PLE 0.53. PME 0.44. Eye interdistances: ALE–ALE 1.46. ALE–PME 0.19. AME–ALE 0.30. AME–AME 0.25. PLE–PLE 1.72. PME–PME 0.36. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.71, at ALEs 1.29. Chelicerae length 3.79. Measurements of pedipalp and legs: pedipalp 12.97 [5.05, 1.85, 2.87, 3.20], I 51.44 [13.82, 4.17, 15.39, 14.25, 3.81], II 45.77 [12.38, 4.11, 13.19, 12.65, 3.44], III 36.71 [10.22, 3.22, 10.12, 10.41, 2.74], IV 53.19 [14.83, 3.34, 13.47, 18.03, 3.52]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of pedipalp: femur pld 1 do 4 rld 1, patella pl 1 rl 1, tibia pl 1 plv 1 rl 1 rld 1, tarsus/cymbium spineless; legs: femur I pl 2 pld 2 plv 1 do 1 rld 4, II pl 1 pld 3 do 3 rld 4, III–IV pld 4 do 3 rld 4; patellae I–IV pl 1 rl 1; tibiae I–II pl 1 plv 6 do 4 rl 2 rlv 6, III pl 2 plv 3 do 3 rl 1 rld 1 rlv 3, IV pl 2 plv 3 do 4 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsus I pl 1 plv 2 rl 2 rlv 3, II pl 1 plv 3 rl 2 rlv 3, III pl 1 pld 3 plv 3 rl 1 rld 3 rlv 3, IV pl 1 pld 4 plv 4 rl 2 rld 3 rlv 4; tarsi I–IV spineless.
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFC44A132BA75283A" box="[997,1098,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Pedipalp</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFBF8A13DBAEA283A" box="[1113,1237,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
): palpal segments brownish with faint black annulations on femur, patella and tibia. RTA short with broad base and one tiny, sharp inferior denticle (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFEFAA175BF8D28F2" box="[347,434,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
, arrow). Ventro-lateral tibial apophysis short, thumb-like, directed at 2-o’clock in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFF7CA18EBF0A28D6" box="[221,309,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Distal part of cymbium slender, cylindriform; cymbium with a short baso-retrolateral, lamella-like outgrowth (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFEB8A1ADBFAD28AA" box="[281,402,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
). Tegulum nearly oval. Subtegulum small. MA nearly globular, medio-retrolateral (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFA96A1ADBBB128AA" box="[1335,1422,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="41B909C10618FFFEFF36A1C6BEC4288F" box="[151,251,476,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="embolus">Embolus</taxonomicName>
long, with well sclerotised median part over membranous part, with wide, transversely oriented apical part, with hook-like tip, with a short, flat apophysis (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFCA6A1E5BDB82B62" box="[775,903,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
). Conductor broad, hyaline, apico-retrolateral, anterior part slightly overlying the embolar tip (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFD0FA23EBD182B46" box="[686,807,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,838,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Africactenus unumus sp. nov. A–C Male left pedipalp: A. Prolateral; B. Ventral; C. Retrolateral. Abbreviations: C conductor, Cl lamella-like outgrowth of cymbium, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, EB embolic base, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, VTA ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars 2 mm. Arrow indicate inferior denticle of RTA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2C622CA061EFFF8FF36A775BC042E98" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095883/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" startId="2.[151,250,1903,1925]" targetBox="[161,1425,188,1878]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="86067242061EFFF8FF36A775BC042E98" blockId="2.[151,1436,1903,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FF36A775BF282EFE" bold="true" box="[151,279,1903,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitus of Indian ctenid spiders. A.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061EFFF8FD06A775BDBE2EFC" authority="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[679,897,1903,1926]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FD06A775BDBE2EFC" box="[679,897,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061EFFF8FC2AA76ABDE02EFF" box="[907,991,1904,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FC2AA76ABDE02EFF" bold="true" box="[907,991,1904,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: male (holotype), dorsal. B, D–E.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061EFFF8FAF4A76ABF982EDE" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochinensis">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FAF4A76ABF322EDE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">Ctenus cochinensis</emphasis>
Gravely, 1931
</taxonomicName>
: B. Female (live), dorsal (ADSH20196); D. Male (ADSH20195), dorsal; E. Female (ADSH20196), dorsal. C, F.
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061EFFF8FEB9A7B4BC762EB9" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[280,585,1965,1987]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061EFFF8FEB9A7B4BF912EB9" box="[280,430,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="397">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
Gravely, 1931
</taxonomicName>
: C. Female (live), fronto-dorsal (ADSH201037); F. Same, dorsal. Scale bars: A, D– F 2 mm. Photo credit B &amp; C Jimmy Paul.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D2C622CA061FFFF9FF36A690BF6A2FA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" startId="3.[151,250,1674,1696]" targetBox="[161,1426,203,1637]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="86067242061FFFF9FF36A690BF6A2FA7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1674,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FF36A690BF2D2FE5" bold="true" box="[151,274,1674,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061FFFF9FEB9A690BFD22FDA" authority="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,493,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FEB9A690BFD22FDA" box="[280,493,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFE132B061FFFF9FE55A690BC7B2FE5" box="[500,580,1674,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FE55A690BC7B2FE5" bold="true" box="[500,580,1674,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–B) and
<taxonomicName id="41B909C1061FFFF9FD1DA690BDD82FDA" authority="Gravely, 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[700,999,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE50061FFFF9FD1DA690BD6E2FDA" box="[700,849,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Ctenus indicus</emphasis>
Gravely, 1931
</taxonomicName>
(C–E). A. Male prosoma, lateral; B. Same, frontal. C. Left femur IV retrolateral view showing humps; D–E. Close up of humps on femur IV. Scale bars: A, C 2 mm; B 1 mm; D–E 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A252BFA02B1A" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,415,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A252BF242B1A" box="[199,283,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Female</emphasis>
: Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90618FFFEFF66A276BC702BD2" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A276BC702BD2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A276BF712BFF" bold="true" box="[199,334,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet, from the Latin
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFD55A277BD0D2BFE" box="[756,818,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">unum</emphasis>
= one, is an adjective and refers to the single inferior denticle of the RTA of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90618FFFEFF66A2AEBCC22BB6" box="[199,765,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" type="description">
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A2AEBCC22BB6" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,765,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A2AEBF002BB7" bold="true" box="[199,319,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Variation.</emphasis>
Males (n=3): body length 10.87–14.99.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEA321C90618FFFEFF66A2CDBC582B8A" box="[199,615,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="860672420618FFFEFF66A2CDBC582B8A" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,615,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="B4CDAE500618FFFEFF66A2CDBF5F2B8A" bold="true" box="[199,352,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FEAE32D20618FFFEFEC6A2CDBF9E2B8A" box="[359,417,727,752]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="447DBCA00618FFFEFE0EA2CDBFC22B8A" box="[431,509,727,752]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Kerala</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="1E826EC70618FFFEFDB5A2CDBC662B8A" box="[532,601,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1023,1045]" captionTargetBox="[169,1421,210,992]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1001]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution records of Africactenus unumus sp. nov. Red circle, type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3095911/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>