diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C401382AD068FD8C824D2C77.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C401382AD068FD8C824D2C77.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..94a44066030 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C401382AD068FD8C824D2C77.xml @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia kazak +( +Telenga, 1949 +) + + + + + + +Figs 8A +, +18B, E + + + + + + + +Apanteles kazak +Telenga, 1949: 385 + + +( +lectotype +, +♀ +, ZIN). + + + + +Cotesia kazak + +– + +Papp 1988: 153 + +(transfer from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia kazak + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: anteromesoscutum punctulate, smoother than most species; T3 densely setose; fore wing 2RS not creating a ‘stub’ at junction with r; T1 parallel sided. + + + + + +Material examined + + + +Other material + + + +AUSTRALIA +– + +Western Australia + +• +2 ♀♀ +; “ +Maraginiup +” [ +Mariginiup +]; + +20 Mar. 1990 + +; +P. Hutchinson +leg.; ex. + +Heliothis + +on Lucerne; emerged +2 Apr. 1990 +; + +Cotesia kazak + +determined A. Austin 1990; +WINC + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Carabooda +; + +1 Mar. 1990 + +; +S. Harrington +leg.; ex. + +Heliothis + +on Lucerne; emerged +9 Mar. 1990 +; + +Cotesia kazak + +determined A. Austin 1990; +WINC + +• + +4 ♀♀ +, +2 ♂♂ +; +Wokalup +RS [ +Research Station +]; + +17 Feb. 1988 + +; +P. Lawrence +leg.; ex. + +Heliothis punctiger + +; + +Cotesia kazak + +determined A. Austin 1990; +WINC +. + + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Palearctic. Introduced to WA ( + +Michael +et al. +1984 + +) and +New Zealand +( +Carl 1978 +; +Cameron & Valentine 1985 +) for the biological control of + +Helicoverpa armigera +(Hübner, 1808) + +. + + + + + +Host + + + + +Helicoverpa armigera +(Noctuidae) + +(record from description and biological control literature), solitary ( +le Masurier 1987 +). + +Helicoverpa punctigera +(Wallengren, 1860) + +, solitary (from examined material). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C403382AD04AFB2086A72B99.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C403382AD04AFB2086A72B99.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..67dc795f9f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C403382AD04AFB2086A72B99.xml @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia glomerata +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) + + + + + + +Fig. 18A +, C–D + + + + + + + +Ichneumon glomeratus +Linnaeus, 1758: 568 + + +( +holotype +unknown). + + + + + + +Apanteles glomeratus +Nixon, 1974: 492 + + +(redescription). + + + + +Cotesia glomerata + +– + +Mason 1981: 112 + +(transferred from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + +For a full list of synonyms and bibliography, see +Shenefelt (1972: 519) +, + +Yu +et al. +(2016) + +and + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia glomerata + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: ventral hypopygium deeply emarginate; T1 parallel sided; fore wing 2RS not creating a ‘stub’ at junction with r; T3 only sparsely setose, mostly in posterior third; anteromescutum punctate but smoother than most other species. + + + + + +Material examined + + + +Other material + + + +AUSTRALIA +– + + +Victoria + + +• +1 ♀ +; +St. Arnaud +, +Australian Bible Museum Butterfly Garden +; +36.61281° S +, +143.25478° E +; 2013; +E. Reid +leg.; reared from + +Pieris rapae + +; BOLD +COI +code for specimens from same rearing event: +AUMIC014-18 +and +AUMIC022-18 +; +WINC + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Hastings +; emerged + +29 Aug. 2018 + +from bright yellow cocoons; +P. Zacchariah +leg.; BOLD +COI +code for specimen from same rearing event: AUMIC545-19; +WINC +. – + + + +Western Australia + +• +2 ♂♂ +; +South Perth +; + +9 Nov. 1983 + +; +E. Zenta +leg.; + +Apanteles glomeratus + +det. A.D. Austin 1984; +WINC +C.I.E. Coll. A. 15750 + +. + + + + +Fig. 18. A +. + +Cotesia glomerata +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) + +, specimen from South Perth (WINC), habitus in dorsal view. +B +. + +C. kazak +( +Telenga, 1949 +) + +, specimen from Mariginiup (WINC), habitus in dorsal view. +C +. + +C. glomerata + +, specimen from +Victoria +(WINC), hypopygium in ventral view, arrow pointing towards emarginated area. +D +. + +C. glomerata + +, fore wing. +E +. + +C. kazak + +, fore wing. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Found in all states and territories of +Australia +, see + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +for global distribution. + + + + + +Host + + + + + +Pieris rapae +(Pieridae) + +; see +Shenefelt (1972: 519) +, + +Nixon (1974: 492) + +and + +Yu +et al +. (2016) + +for extralimital host records. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4053810D057F8C283522D95.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4053810D057F8C283522D95.xml index 38d428b2e7d..5e57043cad9 100644 --- a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4053810D057F8C283522D95.xml +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4053810D057F8C283522D95.xml @@ -1,61 +1,63 @@ - - - -Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species - - -Author + + +Author -Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. -C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF -Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 724 E 269 - 029 E- 49 E 8 - 8 D 95 - 6 F 5 A 5 DA 6 BAAF & Corresponding author: erinn. fagan-jeffries @ adelaide. edu. au -fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au - - -Author + + +Author -Austin, Andrew D. -DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC -Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. & Email: andy. austin @ adelaide. edu. au & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DE 71 F 924 - 750 D- 490 D- 84 A 7 - F 5960066 F 7 CC -andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-06-16 + +2020 + +2020-06-16 - -667 + +667 - -1 -70 + +667 + + +1 +70 -journal article -21664 -10.5852/ejt.2020.667 -6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 -2118-9773 -3899324 -59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A - + Cotesia nonagriae ( -Olliff, 1893 +Olliff, 1893 ) @@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ A–B, 21 Apanteles nonagriae -Olliff, 1893: 376 +Olliff, 1893: 376 ( @@ -109,17 +111,20 @@ unknown). Apanteles nonagriae – -Wilkinson 1928b: 136 + +Wilkinson 1928b: 136 + . - Apanteles flavipes – -Wilkinson 1928a: 93 + +Wilkinson 1928a: 93 + (synonymy of A. nonagriae @@ -131,16 +136,14 @@ Viereck Olliff ). - - Cotesia flavipes – -Mason (1981) +Mason (1981) : 113 (resurrected the genus with @@ -151,11 +154,10 @@ as type ). — -Austin & Dangerfield (1992) +Austin & Dangerfield (1992) : 21 . - @@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ as – - + Muirhead et al. 2008: 38 @@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ by the dorsoventrally flattened mesosoma, and can be separated from the closely , presence in Australia unconfirmed) most easily by molecular data (see - + Muirhead et al. 2012 @@ -308,7 +310,7 @@ leg.; NSW (from original type material), Qld (from examined material and - + Muirhead et al . 2008 @@ -316,7 +318,7 @@ Muirhead ), possibly Papua New Guinea ( - + Muirhead et al. 2012 @@ -336,7 +338,7 @@ Muirhead (Noctuidae) , gregarious ( - + Muirhead et al. 2008 @@ -358,7 +360,7 @@ was recently removed from synonmy with C. flavipes ( - + Muirhead et al. 2008 @@ -384,7 +386,7 @@ specimens are: C. flavipes complex is a monophyletic group of seven described species ( - + Fujie et al. 2018 @@ -396,19 +398,19 @@ Fujie firstly with A. nonagriae -Viereck, 1913 +Viereck, 1913 from Taiwan , and then later with A. nonagriae -Olliff, 1893 +Olliff, 1893 from Australia . - + Muirhead et al . (2008) @@ -423,7 +425,7 @@ from synonymy with C. flavipes and redescribed the species. As this species is only recently redescribed and the description is relatively complete, we provide only new characters or measurements relevant to the diagnosis, and refer otherwise to the description in - + Muirhead et al . (2008) diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40A3824D05DFA7483C629DC.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40A3824D05DFA7483C629DC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2cf717e5c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40A3824D05DFA7483C629DC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,408 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia deliadis +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + + + + + + +Figs 2C +, +15 + + + + + + + +Apanteles deliadis +Bingham, 1906: 125 + + +( +lectotype +, +♀ +, OUMNH). + + + + +Apanteles deliadis + +– +Wilkinson 1928: 99 +(redescription). + + + +Cotesia deliadis + +– + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 21 + +( +lectotype +designation and transfer from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia deliadis + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: anteromesoscutum punctate; scutellar disk smooth with some shallow punctures associated with setae; centre of medial posterior band of the scutellum smooth; T1 mostly parallel sided; T3 dark with sparse setae only in posterior half; fore wing 2RS not creating a ‘stub’ at junction with r. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Paralectotype + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +1 ♀ +; +Queensland +, +Townsville +; “bred Jan.2.03 [ + +2 Jan 1903 + +] fr. larva + +Delias argenthona + +, F. & pres 1906 by +F.P. Dodd +”; +NHMUK + +. + + +Other material + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +4 ♀♀ +, +1 ♂ +; “Q” [ +Queensland +], +Townsville +; + +20 Aug. 1993 + +; +M.F. Braby +leg.; reared from larva + +Delias argenthona + +on + +Dendrophthoe +Mart. 1830 + +; BOLD: +AUMIC544 +-19; +ANIC 32 130300 + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; + +Victoria + +; +St Arnaud +; 2013; +E. +and +J. Reid +leg.; reared from larva of + +Delias aganippe + +; BOLD: +AUMIC033-18 +, +AUMIC039-18 +; +WINC +. + + + + + + +Redescription + + + +Female +(from +paralectotype +) + +COLOUR. Head, antenna and mesosoma dark, T1–2 dark, rest of metasoma pale on non-sclerotised areas with dark sclerotised areas on dorsal surface, pale laterally, (fore-, mid-, hind coxa) dark, dark, dark; femora (fore-, mid-, hind femur) pale, pale, pale; tibiae (fore-, mid-, hind tibia) pale, pale, pale; tegula and humeral complex pale to light brown; pterostigma light brown; fore wing veins light brown. + +BODY LENGTH. Head to apex of metasoma: +2.3 mm +. + +HEAD. Antenna slightly longer than body length; OOL/posterior ocellus diameter 1.9; POL/posterior ocellus diameter 2.4; antennal flagellomere 2 length/width 3.0; antennal flagellomere 14 length/width 2.9. +MESOSOMA. Anteromesoscutum punctate, punctures reasonably regular but denser along notauli lines compared to lateral areas and very centre; number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus 9 or 10; scutellar disc mostly smooth with some shallow punctures associated with setae; maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum 0.5. + +WINGS. Fore wing length +2.7 mm +; length of veins r/2RS 1.3; length of veins 2RS/2M 1.3; length of veins 2M/(RS+M)b 0.9; pterostigma length/width 2.6. + + +LEGS. Hind tibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length [couldn’t measure due to leg placement]> 0.5 ( +Wilkinson 1928a +). + +PROPODEUM. Medial carina present, irregularly rugose and punctate, posterior third smooth and shiny with sparse carinae. +METASOMA. T1 length /T1 width at posterior margin 1.8; T1 generally parallel sided, very slightly narrowing at posterior corners, very smooth, some very shallow punctures in posterior half; T2 width at posterior margin / T2 length 2.6, the sclerotised area of T2 not well distinguished at lateral edges, curved at anterior margin, T2 mostly smooth, some irregular pits by anterior and lateral edges; T2 length / T3 length 0.7; T3 sculpture smooth and shiny; ovipositor sheaths length/hind tibial length 0.18. + +Male +(from M.F. Braby specimens) + +As female, but with denser (still shallow) punctures on scutellar disc, T2 slightly longer in relation to posterior width, sclerotised area of T2 more sharply defined, closer in shape to subtriangular or hemispherical. + + + + +Distribution + + + +Qld ( +type +specimens, recorded material), Vic (material examined). + + + + +Fig. 15. A–D +. + +Cotesia deliadis +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + +, paralectotype (NHMUK). +A +. Fore wing. +B +. Metasoma in lateral view. +C +. Anteromesoscutum. +D +. Metasoma in dorsal view. +E +. + +C. deliadis + +from +Victoria +(WINC), with propodeum and T1–2 showing darker colouration. + + + + + +Host + + + + +Delias argenthona + +( +Pieridae Swainson, 1820 +) (record from +type +specimens and examined material), + +Delias aganippe +(Donovan) + +(record from examined material – new host record for this species) gregarious. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +We examined and sequenced specimens reared from + +Delias aganippe + +in +Victoria +by E. and J. Reid, which are morphologically very similar to + +C. deliadis + +, but much darker in colouration. With a 145 bp +COI +barcode available for a specimen identified as + +C. deliadis + +and reared from + +D. argenthona + +from the +type +locality in Qld (BOLD: AUMIC544-19), which differs by only 1 bp from the sequences of the Victorian specimens (BIN BOLD:ADL3255, +Fig. 1 +), we assign the Victorian specimens to + +C. deliadis + +. Darker colouration in conspecific specimens further south in +Australia +is common, and this therefore expands the distribution of + +C. deliadis + +. Correspondingly, we assign the full-length +COI +barcode from the Victorian specimens to + +C. deliadis + +. + + +We also note that the species + +C. deliadis + +strongly resembles + +Glyptapanteles deliasa +Austin & Dangerfield (1992) + +which parasitises + +D. aganippe + +in +South Australia +, but we were unsuccessful in obtaining DNA from +paratypes +of this species for comparison and therefore do not treat + +G. deliasa + +here. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40D3826D053FEA287FF2D55.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40D3826D053FEA287FF2D55.xml index 68409058597..44a1a756e30 100644 --- a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40D3826D053FEA287FF2D55.xml +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40D3826D053FEA287FF2D55.xml @@ -1,54 +1,56 @@ - - - -Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species - - -Author + + +Author -Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. -C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF -Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 724 E 269 - 029 E- 49 E 8 - 8 D 95 - 6 F 5 A 5 DA 6 BAAF & Corresponding author: erinn. fagan-jeffries @ adelaide. edu. au -fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au - - -Author + + +Author -Austin, Andrew D. -DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC -Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. & Email: andy. austin @ adelaide. edu. au & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DE 71 F 924 - 750 D- 490 D- 84 A 7 - F 5960066 F 7 CC -andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-06-16 + +2020 + +2020-06-16 - -667 + +667 - -1 -70 + +667 + + +1 +70 -journal article -21664 -10.5852/ejt.2020.667 -6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 -2118-9773 -3899324 -59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A - + @@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ Cameron, 1981 Cotesia flavipes -Cameron, 1891: 185 +Cameron, 1891: 185 ( @@ -85,35 +87,38 @@ Cameron, 1981 Apanteles nonagriae -Viereck 1913: 645 +Viereck 1913: 645 . - Apanteles flavipes -Wilkinson, 1928a: 93 +Wilkinson, 1928a: 93 (synonymy with A. nonagriae -), see Shenefelt (1972), Yu +), see +Shenefelt (1972) +, + +Yu et al. -(2016) and - +(2016) + +and + Fernández-Triana et al. (2020) -for extra-limital synonyms and notes - -. +for extra-limital synonyms and notes. @@ -151,7 +156,7 @@ from from Pakistan ) ( - + Muirhead et al. 2012 @@ -260,7 +265,7 @@ is a cosmopolitan species which has been introduced into several countries (e.g. , USA ) for biological control purposes ( - + Muirhead et al. 2006 @@ -268,7 +273,7 @@ Muirhead ). In the Australasian region it is recorded from Papua New Guinea ( - + Muirhead et al. 2012 @@ -295,7 +300,7 @@ reared from Warren, 1911 (Noctuidae) , gregarious ( - + Muirhead et al. 2006 @@ -323,7 +328,7 @@ was recorded as being present in C. nonagriae , and this species raised from synonymy ( - + Muirhead et al . 2008 diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40F3824D04CFC4B864D2D95.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40F3824D04CFC4B864D2D95.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d1ba8e9fe0f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C40F3824D04CFC4B864D2D95.xml @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia erionotae +( +Wilkinson, 1928 +) + + + + + + +Fig. 16A + + + + + + + +Apanteles erionotae +Wilkinson, 1928: 83 + + +( +holotype +, +♀ +, NHMUK). + + + + +Cotesia erionotae +– + + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 21 + +(transfer from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia erionotae + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: T3 pale; T1–2 mostly pale; antennae pale. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +MALAYSIA +• +1 ♀ +; Parit Buntar; + +Mar. 1922 + +; +G.H. Corbett +leg.; parasite from + +Erionota thrax +(Linnaeus, 1767) + +; “233”; +NHMUK 3.c.1037. + + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Malaysia +(from +type +specimens); +Papua New Guinea +(introduced, see + +Waterhouse +et al. +1998 + +); +Thailand +, +Mauritius +(introduced), +Guam +(introduced), Hawaii (introduced), Saipan (introduced) ( +Waterhouse & Norris 1989 +). + + + + + +Host + + + + +Erionota thrax +(Hesperiidae) + +(record from +type +material), gregarious ( + +Okolle +et al. +2006 + +). + + + + + +Remarks + + + +We include this species in the key due to its presence in +Papua New Guinea +, but it is not known to occur in +Australia +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C410383FD048F987833F28E1.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C410383FD048F987833F28E1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2d1f98d90c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C410383FD048F987833F28E1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,897 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia anthelae +( +Wilkinson, 1928 +) + + + + + + +Figs 10A +, +13 + + + + + + + +Apanteles anthelae +Wilkinson, 1928a: 102 + + +( +holotype +, +♀ +, NHMUK). + + + + +Cotesia anthelae + +– + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 21 + +(transfer from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia anthelae + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: T2 ovoid shaped with very strong, distinct crenulate margins; scutoscutellar sulcus with 6–8 pits; scutellar disk mostly smooth with some shallow punctures; T1 mostly parallel sided. + + + + +Table 1. +Host-parasitoid checklist for the Australasian + +Cotesia + +fauna. Abbreviations: S = solitary; G = gregarious; U = unknown. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +Cotesia +sp. + + +S / G / U + +Host + +Host family + +Reference +
+ +anthelae + +U + +Anthela ocellata + + +Anthelidae +Type material
+ +australiensis + +G + +Opodiphthera eucalypti + + +Saturniidae + +Wilkinson 1930 +
+ +Delias argenthona + + +Pieridae +Type material
+ +deliadis + +G + +Delias aganippe + + +Pieridae +Examined material, new host record from this study
+ +erionotae + +G + +Erionota thrax + + +Hesperiidae +Type material
+ +flavipes + +G + +Sesamia + +spp. + +Noctuidae + + +Muirhead +et al +. 2012 + +
+ +Chilo + +spp. + +Noctuidae + +Li 1990 +
+ +geometricae + +G + +Mnesampela privata + + +Geometridae +Type material; original description
+ +glomerata + +G + +Pieris rapae + + +Pieridae + +Shenefelt 1972: 519 +; examined material +
+ +kazak + +S + +Helicoverpa armigera + + +Noctuidae + +Original description; +le Masurier 1987 +
+ +Helicoverpa punctigera + + +Noctuidae + +Examined material; +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +
+ +lasallei + +UUnknown
+ +medusae + +G + +Catopsilia gorgophone + + +Pieridae +Type material
+ +nonagriae + +G + +Bathytricha truncata + + +Noctuidae + + +Muirhead +et al. +2008 + +
+ +ocellata + +UUnknown
+ +philoeampa + +UUnknown
+ +radiantis + +G + +Agrotis munda + + +Noctuidae +Type material
+ +reidarum + +S + +Candalides delospila + + +Lycaenidae +Type material
+ +rubecula + +S + +Pieris rapae + + +Pieridae +Original description
+ +Agrotis ipsilon + + +Noctuidae + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +
+ +Agrotis ipsilon + + +Noctuidae +from examined material
+ +Agrotis + +sp. + +Noctuidae + +from original description of + +A. antipoda + +
+ +Chrysodeixis argentifera + + +Noctuidae + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +
+ +Chrysodeixis eriosoma + + +Noctuidae + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +
+ +ruficrus + +G + +Graphania ustistriga + + +Noctuidae + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +
+ +Helicoverpa armigera + + +Noctuidae +from examined material
+ +Hypsipyla robusta + + +Noctuidae + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +
+ +Mythimna convecta + + +Noctuidae +from examined material
+ +Naranga diffusa + + +Noctuidae + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +
+ +Plusia + +sp. + +Noctuidae + +record from specimens from original description of + +A. sydneyensis + +
+ +rufiventris + +G + +Ogyris zosine + + +Lycaenidae + +Dodd 1906 +and examined material +
+ +scripta + +G + +Epicoma contristis + + +Notodontidae +Type material
+ +tjapekki + +UUnknown
+ +urabae + +S + +Uraba lugens + + +Noctuidae +Original description
+ +vestalis + +S + +Plutella xylostella + + +Plutellidae +Examined material
+ +wonboynensis + +G + +Anthela connexa + + +Anthelidae +Type material
+sp. nr. + +icipe + +UUnknown
+ + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +♀ +; + +Victoria + +; “ + +Apanteles dardalae +Cam. + +type +”; on moth + +Darala ocellata + +; +NHMUK 3 +.c.002. Card contains the type marked with a x and an additional ♀ specimen, here referred to as the +paratype +. + + + + +Paratype + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for holotype; +NHMUK 3.c.002 + +. + + + + + +Redescription + + + +Female + + +From +holotype +; propodeum, T1 and metatibal spur/metabasitarsus ratio measured and imaged on +paratype +due to position of wings and legs in +holotype +. + +COLOUR. Head, antenna and mesosoma dark, T1–2 dark, rest of metasoma pale at anterior end, darkening towards hypopygium, (fore-, mid-, hind coxa) dark, dark, dark; femora (fore-, mid-, hind femur) pale, pale, pale darkening distally; tibiae (fore-, mid-, hind tibia) light brown, light brown, light brown (paler at proximal end); tegula and humeral complex light brown; pterostigma light brown; fore wing veins light brown. + +BODY LENGTH. Head to apex of metasoma: +2.6 mm +. + +HEAD. Antenna slightly longer than body length; OOL/posterior ocellus diameter 2.1; IOD/posterior ocellus diameter 2.1; antennal flagellomere 2 length/width 4.4; antennal flagellomere 14 length/width 3.1. +MESOSOMA. Anteromesoscutum irregularly punctate, punctures not perfectly round, some areas tending towards reticulate rugose; number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus 7 or 8; scutellar disc mostly smooth with some shallow punctures; maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum (unable to measure due to wing placement). +WINGS. Fore wing length 3.0 mm; length of veins r/2RS 1.0; length of veins 2RS/2M 1.5; length of veins 2M/(RS+M)b 0.9; pterostigma length/width 3.3. +LEGS. Hind tibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length 0.6. +PROPODEUM. Medial carina present, propodeum smooth and shiny at anterior corners, posterior to this propodeum with irregular rugose sculpturing, posterior corner thirds with shiny area amongst sculpturing carinae. +METASOMA. T1 length / T1 width at posterior margin 1.7; T1 generally parallel sided, very slightly narrowing at centre, and more significantly curving inwards (narrowing) at posterior corners, smooth in anterior half, with large shallow punctures in posterior half; T2 width at posterior margin / T2 length 1.6, the sclerotised area of T2 very rounded, sculpturing irregular in anterior half, smoother in posterior half, with clear short crenulate furrow at posterior boundary and lateral edges; T2 length / T3 length 0.7; T3 sculpture smooth and shiny; ovipositor sheaths length/hind tibial length 0.2. + +Male + +Unknown. + + + +Fig. 13. + +Cotesia anthelae +( +Wilkinson, 1928 +) + +. +A +. Paratype (NHMUK 3.c.002). +B–E +. Holotype (NHMUK 3.c.002). +A +. Propodeum and T1–2. +B +. Anteromesoscutum. +C +. Fore wing. +D +. Habitus in lateral view. +E +. Head in anterior view. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Vic ( +type +specimens), NSW (record from +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +). + + + + + +Host + + + + +Anthela ocellata +(Walker, 1855) + +(record from +type +specimens) ( +Anthelidae +), cocoons white. + +Opodiphthera eucalypti +(Scott, 1864) + +(from +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +, this record remains unconfirmed as no corresponding specimens were located in collections, and is possibly erroneous). + + + + + +Remarks + + + +Wilkinson (1928a) +notes in the description of this species that the manuscript name “ + +Apanteles dardalae + +” given by Cameron on the +holotype +label appears to have not been published. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4143821D03DFD7483662FE0.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4143821D03DFD7483662FE0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6134f8aa0d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4143821D03DFD7483662FE0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,296 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia australiensis +( +Ashmead, 1900 +) + + + + + + +Figs 11A +, +12B +, +14 + + + + + + + +Apanteles australiensis +Ashmead, 1900: 356 + + +( +holotype +, +♀ +, USNM). + + + + + +Apanteles australiensis + +– + +Wilkinson 1928a: 99 + +(redescription); 1930: 485 (host record). + + + + +Cotesia australiensis + +– + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 21 + +(transfer from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia australiensis + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: anteromesoscutum punctate; fore wing +r vein +straight; antennal flagellomere 14 length/width> 2; scutellar disk mostly smooth with some shallow punctures and centre of the medial posterior band of the scutellum smooth; T1 parallel sided; T2 trapezoid with shallow crenulate border with T3; T3 with very sparse setae over most of tergite, mostly dark. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + +(only images examined) + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +♀ +; [A.] +Koebele +[leg.]; +USNM 4913 +. + + + +Other material + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +3 ♀♀ +, +2 +??; + +Victoria +, Beaconsfield + +; + +Mar. 1929 + +; +A.M. Wade +leg.; ex. Anther[a]ea eucalypti; “ + +Apanteles australiensis +Ashmead + +det. D.S. +Wilkinson 1930 +compared with type series”; +ANIC 32 151532 to 32 151536 + +. + + + + + +Redescription + + + +Female +(from ANIC specimen 151536) + +COLOUR. Head, antenna, mesosoma and metasoma dark other than lateral sides of T1–2 which are paler; (fore-, mid-, hind coxa) dark, dark, dark; femora (fore-, mid-, hind femur) pale, pale, pale with distal dark patch; tibiae (fore-, mid-, hind tibia) pale, pale, pale darkening distally; tegula and humeral complex light brown to dark; pterostigma light brown to dark; fore wing veins light brown. + +BODY LENGTH. Head to apex of metasoma: +2.5 mm +. + +HEAD. Antenna slightly longer than body length; OOL/posterior ocellus diameter 1.7; POL/posterior ocellus diameter 1.6; antennal flagellomere 2 length/width 3; antennal flagellomere 14 length/width 2.5. + + +Fig. 14. + +Cotesia australiensis +( +Ashmead, 1900 +) + +. +A +. Propodeum, T1–3 (ANIC 32 151536). +B +. Mesosoma (ANIC 32 151535). +C +. Habitus in lateral view (ANIC 32 151532). + + +MESOSOMA. Anteromesoscutum with regular, shallow, small punctures, appearing smoother than most species treated; number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus 10; scutellar disc mostly smooth with some shallow punctures; maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum 0.6. + +WINGS. Fore wing length +2.8 mm +; length of veins r/2RS 0.8; length of veins 2RS/2M 1.8; length of veins 2M/(RS+M)b 0.9; pterostigma length/width 3.3. + +LEGS. Hind tibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length 0.5. +PROPODEUM. Medial carina present, propodeum with irregular and sparse sculpturing. +METASOMA. T1 length /T1 width at posterior margin 1.3; T1 parallel sided, curved at posterior corners, smooth in anterior half, with large shallow punctures in posterior half; T2 width at posterior margin /T2 length 2.3, the sclerotised area of T2 almost an isosceles trapezium, mostly smooth with some irregular sculpturing, wide, very shallow crenulate border at lateral edges; T3 sculpture smooth and shiny; ovipositor sheaths length/hind tibial length 0.2. + +Male + +Unknown. + + + + +Distribution + + + +Type locality given only as +Australia +. Vic (record from examined material), NSW, Tas (records from +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +). + + + + + +Host + + + + +Opodiphthera eucalypti +(Scott, 1864) + +( +Saturniidae Boisduval, 1837 +). Gregarious cocoon mass (record from +Wilkinson 1930 +). + + + + + +Remarks + + + +We base the redescription and measurements of this species on the series of specimens in ANIC, with reference also to the images of the +holotype +available on the Smithsonian Entomology Collections database (http://n +2t +.net/ark:/65665/3639803ce-5025-4c10-bd7c-42bba8777cdf). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C418383BD067F89182762844.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C418383BD067F89182762844.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cc8b6699fd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C418383BD067F89182762844.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1006 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + +Genus + +Cotesia +Cameron 1891 + + + + + + + + +Type +species + + + + + + + +Cotesia flavipes +Cameron, 1891: 185 + + +. For a complete list of synonyms and bibliography, see + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +. + + + + + + +Comments + + + + +Cotesia + +is one of the largest genera of +Microgastrinae +and was previously treated as the + +glomeratus + +group of + +Apanteles + +sensu lato +(s.l.). A detailed description of the genus can be found in +Mason (1981) +, whilst supplementary notes, a discussion of putative relationships and a list of world species can be found in + +Fernandez-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +. Members of the genus can be diagnosed by the absence of a fore wing areolet, possessing a short inflexible hypopygium and a short ovipositor, T1 generally parallelsided or broadening posteriorly (occasionally in the Australian fauna with T1 narrowing posteriorly but never to the extent as in + +Glyptapanteles + +) and T2 normally broad and rectangular. Often species have the propodeum with a medial carina, and the propodeum, T1 and T2 coarsely sculptured. + + + + + + +Host information for Australian species of + +Cotesia + + + + + +In +Australia +, species of + +Cotesia + +are known to parasitise at least nine different lepidopteran families ( +Table 1 +), with some species appearing highly specialised on individual host species or genera, whilst others (e.g., + +C. ruficrus + +) are recorded from numerous genera within a single family. The host information presented below, and in the following key, are restricted to records from +Australia +; for extra-limital host records see references listed under the treatment of each species. + + + + + + +Key to the described species of + +Cotesia + +in +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea + + + + +This key is based on adult females and should be treated with some caution due to the variable nature of some characters in + +Cotesia + +, and the limited number of specimens available for some species during the construction of the key. Wherever possible, morphological identification should be supported by +COI +barcoding or host information. + + + + + +1. T1 evenly broadening towards posterior margin ( +Fig. 2A +)................................................................2 + + + + +– T1 mostly parallel sided or barrel shaped ( +Fig. 2C +), in some species broadening on anterior 0.6–0.7 and then curving inwards to meet T2 ( +Fig. 2B +)...............................................................................10 + + + + + +Fig. 2. A +. + +Cotesia ocellata + +sp. nov. +, T1 (SAMA 32-44404). +B +. + +Cotesia reidarum + +sp. nov. +, T1 (QM T246703). +C +. + +Cotesia deliadis +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + +, T1 (paralectotype, NHMUK). + + + + + +2. Scutellar disk with large, strong circular punctures ( +Fig. 3A +).......................................................3 + + + + +– Scutellar disk smooth or with small punctures associated with setae ( +Fig. 3B +).............................4 + + + + + +Fig. 3. A +. + +Cotesia ruficrus +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + +, scutellar disk (ANIC 32 130230). +B +. + +C. rufiventris +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + +, scutellar disk (paralectotype NHMUK). + + + + + +3. T3 with only a single row of setae, often in posterior half ( +Fig. 4A +) often row of setae is irregular or undulating [gregarious parasitoid of noctuid species]...................... + +C. ruficrus +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + + + + + +– T3 with multiple rows of setae, particularly visible at lateral edges ( +Fig. 4B +) [solitary parasitoid of + +Plutella xylostella + +]............................................................................... + +C. vestalis +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + + + + + + +Fig. 4. A +. + +Cotesia ruficrus +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + +, T3 (ANIC 32 130230). +B +. + +Cotesia vestalis +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + +, T3 (WINC). + + + + + +4. Mesosoma dorsoventrally flattened, in lateral view its length more than 2.0 × its height ( +Fig. 5A +) [scutellar disk completely smooth, no small punctures, anteromesoscutum punctures widely spaced (distance between punctures sometimes greater than diameter of punctures)].................5 + + + + +– Mesosoma not dorsoventrally flattened, in lateral view its length less than 2.0 × its height ( +Fig. 5B +) [scutellar disk with at least some micropunctures associated with setae]..........................6 + + + + + +Fig. 5. A +. + +Cotesia nonagriae +( +Olliff, 1893 +) + +, head and mesosoma in lateral view. +B +. + +Cotesia ocellata + +sp. nov. +, head and mesosoma in lateral view (holotype, SAMA 32-44404). + + + + + +5. Face projection between base of antennae slightly rounded, with smooth margin ( +Fig. 6C +)......... ................................................................................................................. + +C. flavipes +Cameron 1981 + +* + + + + +– Face projection between base of antennae less rounded, with margin appearing almost tri-lobed under high magnification ( +Fig. 6 +A–B)....................................................... + +C. nonagriae +( +Olliff, 1893 +) + +* + + + + + +* +(see notes under + +C. nonagriae + +for explanation of difficulties in separating these two species) + + + + +Fig. 6. A +. + +Cotesia nonagriae +( +Olliff, 1893 +) + +, Giru, Australia (WINC). +B +. + +C. nonagriae +, Bundaberg + +Australia (WINC). +C +. + +C. flavipes +Cameron 1981 + +, Indonesia (WINC). + + + + + +6. Hind coxa and metasoma significantly paler than mesosoma, dorsal metasoma light brown to yellow ( +Fig. 28 +A–B) [parasitoid of the native butterfly + +Ogyris zosine +Hewitson, 1853 + +].................................................................................................. + +C. rufiventris +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + + + + +– Hind coxa and metasoma as dark or only slightly paler than mesosoma. Dorsal metasoma dark....7 + + + + + +7. Ocelli small, OOL/posterior ocellus diameter ratio> 2.5 ( +Fig. 7A +) [dorsal head smooth and polished with sparse setae, scutum punctate, propodeum strongly sculptured, T2 mostly smooth with some striate sculpturing].............................................................................. + +C. ocellata + +sp. nov. + + + + +– Ocelli normal sized, OOL/posterior ocellus diameter <2.4 ( +Fig. 7B +)............................................8 + + + + + +Fig. 7. A +. + +Cotesia ocellata + +sp. nov. +, head in dorsal view (holotype, SAMA 32-44404). +B +. + +C. rubecula +( +Marshall, 1885 +) + +, head in dorsal view (WINC). + + + + + +8. Fore wing vein +r shorter +than 2RS [anteromesoscutum very strongly punctate reticulate along notauli, much smoother in centre and lateral areas, gregarious parasitoid of + +Agrotis munda +(Walker,1857) + +].. ............................................................................................................. + +C. radiantis +( +Wilkinson, 1929 +) + + + + + +– Fore wing vein +r normally +longer than, occasionally of similar length, to 2RS [anteromesoscutum punctate to punctate reticulate, slightly stronger along lines of notauli and smoother in centre and lateral areas].......................................................................................................................................9 + + + + + + +9. Distal quarter of hind tibia darkened, including in lateral view [scutellum sometimes with small posteromedian band of rugosity, parasitoid of the introduced + +Pieris rapae +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) + +in +Australia +and therefore associated with agricultural crops and urban gardens]............................... ........................................................................................................ + +C. rubecula +( +Marshall, 1885 +) + + + + + +– Hind tibia with only a very small darkened patch, mainly in dorsal view [scutellum without posteromedian band of rugosity; parasitoid of the native + +Uraba lugens +Walker, 1866 + +] ................................................................................................ + +C. urabae +Austin & Allen, 1989 + + + + + + + +10. Fore wing vein 2RS extending past junction with r, creating a ‘stub’ ( +Fig. 23A +) [ +r shorter +than or approximately equal length of 2RS, T1 mostly parallel sided, broadening on anterior 0.6–0.7 and then curving inwards to meet T2; +Fig 23B +]............................................ + +C. philoeampa +( +Cameron, 1911 +) + + + + + +– Fore wing 2RS not creating a ‘stub’ by extending slightly past junction [vein +r equal +in length or longer than 2RS]..........................................................................................................................................11 + + + + + + +11. Anteromesoscutum relatively smooth, slightly punctate or punctulate, only generally sparse, small punctures ( +Fig. 8A +)................................................................................................................12 + + + + +– Anteromesoscutum densely sculptured, strongly and coarsely punctate or punctate reticulate ( +Fig. 8B +)...........................................................................................................................................14 + + + + + +Fig. 8. A +. + +Cotesia kazak +( +Telenga, 1949 +) + +, anteromesoscutum (WINC, Mariginiup specimen). +B +. + +C. reidarum + +sp. nov. +, anteromesoscutum (holotype, QM T246703). + + + + + +12. T3 densely setose for all of length............................................................ + +C. kazak +( +Telenga, 1949 +) + + + + +– T3 only sparsly setose, mostly in posterior one-third...................................................................13 + + + + + +13. Ventral hypopygium deeply emarginate ( +Fig. 18C +) [gregarious parasitoid of the introduced + +Pieris rapae +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) + +]....................................................................... + +C. glomerata +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) + + + + + +– Ventral hypopygium not emarginate [gregarious parasitoid of the native + +Mnesampela privata +Guenée, 1858 + +on + +Eucalyptus + +spp.].......................................................... + +C. geometricae +Austin, 2000 + + + + + + + +14. T3 pale ( +Figs 16A +, +25A +)................................................................................................................15 + + + +– T3 mostly dark or dark with pale lateral areas........................................................................16 + + + + + +15. T1–2 mostly pale, antennae pale [introduced into +Papua New Guinea +, parasitoid of the introduced + +Erionota thrax +(Linnaeus, 1767) + +]..................................................... + +C. erionotae +( +Wilkinson, 1928 +) + + + + + +– T1–2 mostly dark, antennae dark [ +Australia +, parasitoid of the native + +Candalides delospila +(Waterhouse, 1903) + +]............................................................................................ + +C. reidarum + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +16. Scutellum with small posteromedian band of rugosity ( +Fig. 9A +)........................................................ ................................................................................. +C. +sp. nr + +icipe +Fernández-Triana & +Fiaboe, 2017 + + + + + +– Scutellum without small posteromedian band of rugosity ( +Fig. 9B +)............................................... 17 + + + + + + +17. Scutellar disk with very strong, distinct punctures scattered over whole area [anteromesoscutum, propodeum and T1–2 strongly sculptured, T3 densely setose in posterior two-thirds]................... ............................................................................................................................. + +C. tjapekki + +sp. nov. + + + +– Scutellar disk smooth, or with only shallow punctures or dents normally associated with setae.......18 + + + + + +18. T3 with sparse setae only in posterior half [gregarious parasitoid of + +Delias aganippe +(Donovan, 1805) + +and + +D. argenthona +Fabricius, 1793 + +]............................................. + +C. deliadis +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + + + + +– T3 with sparse or dense setae over all or at least posterior two-thirds of tergite...............................19 + + + + +Fig. 9. A +. + +Cotesia + +sp. nr + +icipe + +, medial posterior band of the scutellum (WINC, Cox Scrub). +B +. + +C. lasallei + +sp. nov. +, medial posterior band of the scutellum (holotype, SAMA 32-44401). + + + + + +19. T2 ovoid, occasionally semicircle shaped, with very strong, wide crenulate border, T2 often with large punctures on most of tergite ( +Fig. 10 +A–B)...............................................................20 + + + + +– T2 semicircle shaped or trapezoid, border with T3 smoothly indented ( +Fig. 10D +) or occasionally with fine shallow crenulate border ( +Fig. 10C +), T2 often mostly smooth, with shallow and sparse punctures limited to the margins....................................................................................................21 + + + + + +Fig. 10. A +. + +Cotesia anthelae +( +Wilkinson, 1928 +) + +, T2 (paratype, NHMUK 3.c.002). +B +. + +C. wonboynensis + +sp. nov. +, T2 (holotype ANIC 32 130294). +C +. + +C. medusae + +sp. nov. +, T2 (paratype, QM T246705). +D +. + +C. scripta + +sp. nov. +, T2 (paratype, MV T22495). + + + + + +20. Scutoscutellar sulcus with approximately 6–8 large pits [parasitoid of + +Anthela ocellata +(Walker, 1855) + +]................................................................................................... + +C. anthelae +( +Wilkinson, 1928 +) + + + + + +– Scutoscutellar sulcus with approximately 9–11 pits [gregarious parasitoid of + +Anthela connexa +(Walker, 1855) + +] ........................................................................................... + +C. wonboynensis + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +21. Fore wing vein +r subtly +curved ( +Fig. 11B +) [T1–2 mostly smooth, gregarious parasitoid of + +Epicoma contristis +Hübner, 1823 + +] ......................................................................................... + +C. scripta + +sp. nov. + + + + +– Fore wing vein +r straight +( +Fig. 11A +, C–D)......................................................................................22 + + + + + +Fig. 11. A +. + +Cotesia australiensis +( +Ashmead, 1900 +) + +, fore wing vein +r straight +(ANIC 32 151532). +B +. + +C. scripta + +sp. nov. +, fore wing vein +r subtly +curved (holotype, MV T22495). +C +. + +C. lasallei + +sp. nov. +, fore wing vein +r straight +(holotype, SAMA 32-44401). +D +. + +C. medusae + +sp. nov. +, fore wing vein +r straight +(paratype QM T246705). + + + + + +22. Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width <1.5 (T1–2 mostly smooth)...................... + +C. lasallei + +sp. nov. + + + +– Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width> 2......................................................................................23 + + + + + +23. Scutellar sulcus generally with eight very strong, large punctures, anteromesoscutum with reticulate rugose sculpturing medially ( +Fig. 12A +) [gregarious parasitoid of + +Catopsilia gorgonphone +(Boisduval, 1836) + +]................................................................................................................... + +C. medusae + +sp. nov. + + + + +– Scutellar sulcus generally with more than eight small, irregular punctures, anteromesoscutum punctate medially, with smooth spaces visible between punctures ( +Fig. 12B +) [gregarious parasitoid of + +Opodipthera eucalypti +(Scott, 1864) + +]........................................ + +C. australiensis +( +Ashmead, 1900 +) + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C422380AD050FC0F86192871.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C422380AD050FC0F86192871.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..30eae71d06a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C422380AD050FC0F86192871.xml @@ -0,0 +1,299 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia vestalis +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + + + + + + +Figs 4B +, +31 +C–E + + + + + + + +Microgaster vestalis +Haliday, 1834: 253 + + +( +lectotype +, +♀ +, NMI). + + + + + + +Apanteles plutellae +Kurdjumov, 1912: 226 + + +. + + + + +Apanteles vestalis + +– + +Marshall 1872: 106 + +(transferred to + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + + +Cotesia plutellae + +– + +Mason 1981: 113 + +(transferred from + +Apanteles + +s.l +). + + + +Cotesia vestalis + +– + +Shaw 2003 + +(synonymy with + +C. plutellae + +). + + +For a full list of synonyms and bibliography, see +Shenefelt (1972: 604 +, 659), +Shaw (2003) +, + +Yu +et al +. (2016) + +and + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia vestalis + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: T1 broadening consistently posteriorly, almost wedge shaped; scutellar disk with large, strong circular punctures; T3 with multiple rows of setae. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +TAIWAN +• +1 ♀ +; +Shanhua +(AVRDC); + +2 Mar. 1998 + +; +M. Keller +leg.; “ + +Cotesia plutellae +Kurd. + +” Ex + +Plutella xylostella + +(l.); +WINC + +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Theoretically introduced to all states of +Australia +, but recently found only in “southern states” and only infrequently ( + +Furlong +et al. +2008 + +). + + + + + +Host + + + + +Plutella xylostella +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) (Plutellidae) + +. See +Shenefelt (1972: 604 +, 659) and + +Yu +et al +. (2016) + +for extra-limital host records. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +Introduced to +Australia +in 1951 from +Italy +as a biological control agent against + +P. xylostella + +, but not considered well established or a significant parasitoid of this lepidopteran pest ( + +Furlong +et al. +2008 + +). This species forms a distinct clade in the +COI +phylogeny ( +Fig. 1 +) using sequences available on BOLD from outside of +Australia +. No Australian specimens were sequenced in this study. See remarks under + +C. ruficrus + +for issues using the diagnostic characters presented in the key of +Nixon (1974) +for this species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C427380FD3C3FABF85472F1B.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C427380FD3C3FABF85472F1B.xml index 63652538378..19c117eccd4 100644 --- a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C427380FD3C3FABF85472F1B.xml +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C427380FD3C3FABF85472F1B.xml @@ -1,65 +1,66 @@ - - - -Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species - - -Author + + +Author -Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. -C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF -Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 724 E 269 - 029 E- 49 E 8 - 8 D 95 - 6 F 5 A 5 DA 6 BAAF & Corresponding author: erinn. fagan-jeffries @ adelaide. edu. au -fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au - - -Author + + +Author -Austin, Andrew D. -DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC -Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. & Email: andy. austin @ adelaide. edu. au & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DE 71 F 924 - 750 D- 490 D- 84 A 7 - F 5960066 F 7 CC -andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2020 - -2020-06-16 + +2020 + +2020-06-16 - -667 + +667 - -1 -70 + +667 + + +1 +70 -journal article -21664 -10.5852/ejt.2020.667 -6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 -2118-9773 -3899324 -59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A - + - Cotesia -sp - -. nr +sp. nr + C. icipe + Fernández-Triana & -Fiaboe, 2017 +Fiaboe, 2017 @@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ This species, which is likely C. icipe Fernández-Triana & -Fiaboe, 2017 +Fiaboe, 2017 , can be separated from all other species of @@ -359,7 +360,7 @@ and is present in Australia as an invasive pest on a wide range of plants ( -Hill 2014 +Hill 2014 ). @@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ In the original description of C. icipe ( - + Fiaboe et al. 2017 diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C430381CD043FA428375291E.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C430381CD043FA428375291E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..22612b5961b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C430381CD043FA428375291E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia rubecula +( +Marshall, 1885 +) + + + + + + +Figs 7B +, +23 +C–D + + + + + + + +Apanteles rubecula +Marshall, 1885: 175 + + +( +holotype +, +♀ +, NHMUK). + + + + +Cotesia rubecula + +– + +Mason 1981: 113 + +(transferred from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + +For a full bibliography, see +Shenefelt (1972: 615) +, + +Yu +et al +. (2016) + +and + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +T1 consistently broadening posteriorly, often with a middle patch of rugosity on posterior smooth band of scutellum (under scutellar triangular disk); scutellar disk with only shallow punctures; mesosoma not dorsoventrally flattened; hind coxa and metasoma dark; ocelli normal sized, OOL/posterior ocellus diameter <2.4; fore wing vein +r normally +longer than, occasionally of similar length to 2RS; distal quarter of hind tibia darkened, including in lateral view. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +3 ♀♀ +, +7 ♂♂ +; +South Australia +, +Urrbrae +; + +27 Feb. 1987 + +; +M.A. Keller +leg.; on broccoli ex. cocoon; + +Apanteles rubecula + +det A. D. Austin 1987; +WINC + +• + +2 ♀♀ +; +South Australia +, +Adelaide +; reared in culture; + +1 Aug. 1989 + +; +M.A. Keller +leg.; “ + +Cotesia rubecula + +”; +WINC + +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Europe ( +type +). Introduced into +Australia +and +New Zealand +( +Wilson 1960 +; +Cameron & Walker 2002 +). For global distribution, see + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +. + + + + + +Host + + + + +Pieris rapae +(Pieridae) + +. Solitary. Record from original description. See +Shenefelt (1972: 615) +and + +Yu +et al +. (2016) + +for extra-limital host records. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +This species forms a distinct clade in the +COI +phylogeny ( +Fig. 1 +) using sequences available on BOLD from outside of +Australia +. No Australian specimens were sequenced in this study. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4343802D04DF94B83E5282B.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4343802D04DF94B83E5282B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bbd28c6e239 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C4343802D04DF94B83E5282B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia rufiventris +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + + + + + + +Figs 3B +, +28 + + + + + + + +Protapanteles rufiventris +Bingham, 1906: 127 + + +( +lectotype +, +♀ +, OXUM). + + + + +Apanteles rufiventris + +– + +Wilkinson 1928a: 104 + +(transferred to + +Apanteles + +and redescription). + + + +Cotesia rufiventris + +– + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 22 + +(transferred from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +, +lectotype +designation). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia rufiventris + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: T1 evenly broadening towards posterior margin, almost wedge shaped; scutellar disk smooth with shallow punctures associated with setae; mesosoma not dorsoventrally flattened; hind coxa and metasoma significantly paler than mesosoma, dorsal metasoma light brown to yellow. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Paralectotype + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +♀ +; +Queensland +; +F.P. Dodd +leg.; 1902-319; +NHMUK + +. + + +Other material + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +1 ♀ +; +Queensland +, + +14 km +WSW of Torrens Creek + +; +20.80502° S +, +144.88722° E +; emg. + +20 May 2009 + +; +M.F. Braby +and +N. Collier +leg.; reared from larva of + +Ogyris zosine +Hewitson, 1853 + +(Lep: +Lycaenidae +) coll. +9 May 2009 +; +ANIC 32 130299 + +. + + + + + +Redescription + + + +Female +(from +paralectotype +) + +COLOUR. Head and mesosoma dark, antenna and T1 light brown, rest of metasoma pale to light brown to orange; (fore-, mid-, hind coxa) pale, pale, pale; femora (fore-, mid-, hind femur) pale, pale, pale; tibiae (fore-, mid-, hind tibia) pale, pale, light brown; tegula and humeral complex pale; pterostigma light brown; fore wing veins light brown. +BODY LENGTH. Head to apex of metasoma: 3.0 mm. +HEAD. Antenna approximately equal to body length; OOL/posterior ocellus diameter 1.6; POL/posterior ocellus diameter 2.1; antennal flagellomere 2 length/width 3.1; antennal flagellomere 14 length/width 1.8. +MESOSOMA. Anteromesoscutum punctate reticulate, denser along lines of notauli; number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus 13; scutellar disc with shallow punctures associated with setae; maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum 0.6. + +WINGS. Fore wing length +2.9 mm +; length of veins r/2RS 1.8; length of veins 2RS/2M 1.0; length of veins 2M/(RS+M)b 0.8; pterostigma length/width 2.5. + +LEGS. Hind tibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length 0.6. +PROPODEUM. Medial carina distinct but only in posterior half, absent in centre of propodeum, rest of propodeum irregularly rugose, other than carinae around spiracles, rugosity much less defined than medial carina. +METASOMA. T1 length /T1 width at posterior margin 1.1; broadening posteriorly, with curved posterior corners, smooth and shiny, some very shallow punctate reticulate sculpturing in posterior third; T2 width at posterior margin/ T2 length 2.5, trapezoid shaped with curved lateral sides, very shallow indistinct sculpturing; T2 length /T3 length 0.7; T3 sculpture smooth and shiny; ovipositor sheaths length/hind tibial length 0.17. + + +Fig. 28. + +Cotesia rufiventris +( +Bingham, 1906 +) + +, paralectotype, ♀ (NHMUK). +A +. Mesosoma in dorsal view and T1–3 +B +. Habitus in dorsal view and fore wing +C +. Habitus in lateral view. + + + +Male + + +Not examined (nor examined by +Wilkinson 1928a +), male described by +Bingham (1906) +as slightly shorter with abdomen shorter and more truncate posteriorly. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Only known from +Queensland +. + + + + + +Host + + + + +Ogyris zosine +(Lycaenidae) + +, gregarious. Record from +Dodd (1906) +and examined material. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C437381FD054FC3686CC2CDA.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C437381FD054FC3686CC2CDA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4ce7ce7be3a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C437381FD054FC3686CC2CDA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,682 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia ruficrus +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + + + + + + +Figs 3A +, +4A +, +26–27 + + + + + + + +Microgaster ruficrus +Haliday, 1834: 253 + + +( +lectotype +, +♀ +, NMI). + + + + + + +Apanteles antipoda +Ashmead, 1900: 355 + + +. + + + + + + +Apanteles sydneyensis +Cameron, 1911: 342 + + +. + + + + +Apanteles sydneyensis + +– + +Wilkinson 1928a: 95 + +(synonymised with + +A. antipoda + +). + + + + +Apanteles antipoda + +– + +Wilkinson 1928a: 95 +; +1929: 108 + +(synonymised with + +Apanteles ruficrus + +). + + + + +Cotesia ruficrus + +– + +Mason 1981: 113 + +(transferred from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + +For a full list of synonyms and bibliography, see +Shenefelt (1972: 617) +, + +Yu +et al +. (2016) + +and + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia ruficrus + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: T1 consistently broadening posteriorly, wedge shaped; scutellar disk with strong punctures; T3 with only a single row of setae in posterior half. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Syntypes +of + +A. sydneyensis + + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +4 ♀♀ +; +New South Wales +, +Sydney +; parasitic + +on + +Plusia +Ochsenheimer, 1816 + + +caterpillar; bred + +Jun. 1902 + +[by +W.W. Froggart +]; +NHMUK 3.c.999 + +. + + +Other material + + + +AUSTRALIA +– + +New South Wales + +• +1 ♀ +; +Eden +, +Bungo Street +; + +21–27 Dec. 2005 + +; +C. Stephens +leg.; M/T in exotic native garden blend nr eucalypt forest; +COI +BOLD: AUMIC289-18; +WINC + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Kosciuszko NP +; + +3.6 km +SW of Thredbo + +, nr +Dead Horse Gap +; + +11–13 Jan. 2004 + +; +C&M&N Lambkin +and +NT Starick +leg.; +ANIC +bulk sample 2217; +36°32′26″ S +, +148°15′52″ E +; M/T; + +1500 m +a.s.l. + +; +COI +BOLD: AUMIC472-18; +ANIC 32 130230 + +. – + + +Queensland + +• +1 ♀ +; +Bookstead +; + +3 Dec. 1986 + +; +I.J. Titmarsh +leg.; ex. fifth instar + +H. armigera + +on maize; +WINC + +. – + + +South Australia + +• +1 ♂ +; +Goolwa +; coll. + +15 Nov. 85 + +; +T. Prance +leg.; ex. army worms on oats; pupated +2 Dec. 85 +, emerged +9 Dec. 85 +; +WINC + +• + +1 ♂ +; +Goolwa +; + +15 Nov. 85 + +; +T. Prance +leg.; ex. army worms on oats; pupated +2 Dec. 85 +, emerged +9 Dec. 85 +; +WINC + +. – + + +Western Australia + +• +1 ♀ +; +Kununurra +; + +16 Sep. 79 + +; reared in lab ex. + +Pseudaletia convecta + +; +WINC + +• + +1 ♀ +; +Harvey +; em. + +6 May 1983 + +; +C. Boyd +; leg.; ex. + +Agrotis ipsilon + +[on] millet; +WINC + +. + + + + +Fig. 26. + +Cotesia ruficrus +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + +, syntype of + +C. sydneyensis +( +Cameron, 1911 +) + +(NHMUK 3.c.999). +A +. Habitus in dorsal view and fore wing +B +. Enlarged section of A showing propodeum and T1–2. + + + + +Fig. 27. + +Cotesia ruficrus +( +Haliday, 1834 +) + +, ♀ (ANIC 32 130230) +A +. Habitus in lateral view. +B +. Habitus in dorsal view. +C +. Fore wing. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Cosmopolitan, see + +Fernández-Triana +et al. +(2020) + +for global distribution. In +Australia +: NSW (record from +types +of + +A. antipoda + +and + +A. sydneyensis + +), WA, S. Aust, Qld (records from examined material), Tas (record from +Austin & Dangerfield 1992 +). + + + + + +Host + + + + +Agrotis + +sp. ( +Noctuidae +). Record from original description of + +A. antipoda + +. + +Plusia + +sp. ( +Noctuidae +): record from specimens from original description of + +A. sydneyensis + +. + +Mythimna +( +Pseudaletia +) +convecta +Walker, 1857 + +, + +Agrotis ipsilon +(Hufnagel, 1766) + +, + +Helicoverpa armigera +(Hübner, 1808) (Noctuidae) + +: records from examined material. Gregarious. Also known from a wide range of noctuid genera in +Australia +and across the world, including the problematic quarantine pest + +Spodoptera frugiperda +(Smith, 1797) + +which has recently been identified to have arrived in +Australia +(see +Shenefelt 1972: 617 +; +Nixon 1974: 495 +; +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 22 +; + +Gupta +et al. +2019 + +; + +Yu +et al. +2016 + +for a list of host genera). + + + + + +Remarks + + + + +Cotesia ruficrus + +represents an interesting case, in which strains were introduced from +Pakistan +to +Australia +and +New Zealand +( + +Cumber +et al. +1977 + +; +Michael 1985 +) and possibly represent a different species to the native + +Apanteles sydneyensis + +, which was synonymised with the (also) native + +Apanteles antipoda + +by +Wilkinson (1928a) +and then with + +C. ruficrus +( +Wilkinson 1929 +) + +. Until specimens are found which are distinct from the introduced + +C. ruficrus + +at a molecular level and morphologically identical to the +types +of + +A. sydneyensis + +or + +A. antipoda + +, we leave the synonymy with + +A. ruficrus + +intact, and assume the species to be cosmopolitan. We note that a similar situation occurred in the case of + +C. nonagriae + +and + +C. flavipes + +, where the two species were erroneously synonymised based on morphology and later discovered to be distinct species based on molecular evidence and subtle morphological differences ( + +Muirhead +et al. +2008 + +), thus excluding + +C. flavipes + +from the Australian fauna. Due the uncertainty surrounding whether this species is cosmopolitan, or consists of both introduced and native unrelated lineages, we do not redescribe the species and provide only a diagnosis that encompasses both the examined +types +of + +A. sydneyensis + +and the sequenced specimens that are placed in a +COI +tree with northern hemisphere + +C. ruficrus + +specimens. + + +In the key of +Nixon (1974) +, + +C. ruficrus + +is differentiated from + +C. vestalis + +by the character of the third tergite having setae restricted more or less to a single row on the anterior half of the segment (as opposed to third tergite being covered all over with fine setae, except for small mid-basal area). In the Australian specimens, the presence of only a single row of setae in + +C. ruficrus + +is valid, but it is not always in the anterior half of the tergite (more often in the posterior half). Additionally, +Nixon (1974) +notes that in + +C. ruficrus + +the scutellum has punctures, at least on anterior half, wide enough apart to leave smooth shiny interspaces fully equal to width of punctures, whist in + +C. vestalis + +there are no smooth interspaces anteriorly. In the specimens of + +C. vestalis + +examined for this study, there was variability in this character and some specimens had sculpturing resembling that of + +C. ruficrus + +– hence this character is not used in the key presented here. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C43D3819D04BF9D985132898.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C43D3819D04BF9D985132898.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9353d6c6a8e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C43D3819D04BF9D985132898.xml @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia radiantis +( +Wilkinson, 1929 +) + + + + + + +Fig. 24 + + + + + + + +Apanteles radiantis +Wilkinson, 1929: 110 + + +( +holotype +, +♀ +, NHMUK). + + + + +Cotesia radiantis + +– + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 22 + +(transfer from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia radiantis + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +by the following combination of characters: T1 broadening posteriorly, wedge shaped; fore wing vein +r shorter +than 2RS; anteromesoscutum sculpturing considerably stronger along lines of notauli than elsewhere, almost smooth laterally – basal area of anteromesoscutum almost reticulate rugose; scutellar disk with shallow punctures; mesosoma not dorsoventrally flattened; hind coxa and metasoma only slightly paler than mesosoma; ocelli normal sized, OOL/posterior ocellus diameter <2.4. + + + + +Fig. 24. + +Cotesia radiantis +( +Wilkinson, 1929 +) + +, holotype, ♀ (NHMUK 3.c.1036) +A +. Metasoma. +B +. Anteromesoscutum. +C +. Habitus in lateral view. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +♀ +; +Queensland +, +Gatton +; + +3 Dec. 1925 + +; +E. Ballard +leg.; ex. larvae of “ + +Euxoa radians + +” attacking cotton seedlings; +NHMUK 3.c.1036. + + + + + + +Redescription + + + +Female +(from +holotype +) + +COLOUR. Head, antenna and mesosoma dark, T1–2 dark, rest of dorsal metasoma pale on non-sclerotised areas with dark sclerotised areas, pale laterally at anterior end, darkening posteriorly; (fore-, mid-, hind coxa) dark, dark, dark; femora (fore-, mid-, hind femur) pale, pale, light brown; tibiae (fore-, mid-, hind tibia) pale, pale, light brown; tegula and humeral complex pale to light brown; pterostigma light brown; fore wing veins light brown. + +BODY LENGTH. Head to apex of metasoma: +2.3 mm +. + + +HEAD. Antenna broken in +types +; OOL/posterior ocellus diameter 2.2; POL/posterior ocellus diameter 2.3; antennal flagellomere 2 length/width 2.8; antennal flagellomere 14 length/width 1.4. + + +MESOSOMA.Anteromesoscutum punctate reticulate, much smother on lateral edges with deep sculpturing along lines of the notauli, posterior quarter of anteromesoscutum with sculpturing tending towards reticulate rugose; number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus 11; scutellar disc with shallow punctures; mesoscutellum hidden by wings in +type +. + + +WINGS. Fore wing length +2.2 mm +; length of veins r/2RS 0.6; length of veins 2RS/2M 1.5; length of veins 2M/(RS+M)b 0.9; pterostigma length/width 2.8. + +LEGS. Hind tibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length 0.5. +PROPODEUM. Medial carina present but barely distinguishable amongst strong rugose sculpturing. + +METASOMA. T1 partially hidden by wings in +type +, broadening posteriorly, wedge shaped, length unable to be measured, reticulate rugose in posterior third, posterior edge with some striate sculpturing; T2 width at posterior margin/T2 length 2.5, rectangular, lateral sides slightly curved, irregularly striate sculpturing tending towards rugose in some parts; border between T2 and T3 straight, slightly indented, T2 length /T3 length 0.7; T3 sculpture smooth and shiny; ovipositor sheaths length/hind tibial length 0.13. + + +Male + + +Not examined, male included in the original description of Wilkinson as not remarkably different from female +type +. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Only known from +type +locality in south-eastern +Queensland +. + + + + + +Host + + + + +Agrotis munda +(Walker, 1857) (Noctuidae) + +. Record from +type +specimens. Note that the host name given in the original description is + +Euxoa radians +Guénée, 1852 + +, but that the actual host is not conspecific with + +Agrotis radians +Guénée, 1852 + +due to confusion historically in the Australian literature. See +Common (1958) +for details. Gregarious (based on multiple specimens from description with identical label data). + + + + + +Remarks + + + +There are a large number of specimens sequenced as part of this project (BIN: BOLD:ABA6232, +Fig. 1 +) that are broadly distributed across +Australia +and that strongly resemble + +C. radiantis + +. As this group of specimens cannot be separated definitively from the +holotype +of + +C. radiantis + +, we do not describe them as a new species, but also hesitate to confirm their identity as + +C. radiantis + +until a specimen reared from + +Agrotis munda + +is sequenced and the +COI +barcode compared (no attempt was made to extract DNA from the +holotype +of + +C. radiantis + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C43F3816D035FBFF86392C4F.xml b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C43F3816D035FBFF86392C4F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..df60899929b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EE/87/03EE8792C43F3816D035FBFF86392C4F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ + + + +Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species + + + +Author + +Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. +C724E269-029E-49E8-8D95-6F5A5DA6BAAF +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +erinn.fagan-jeffries@adelaide.edu.au + + + +Author + +Austin, Andrew D. +DE71F924-750D-490D-84A7-F5960066F7CC +Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. & South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia. +andy.austin@adelaide.edu.au + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2020 + +2020-06-16 + + +667 + + +667 + + +1 +70 + + + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2020.667 +6ca7492b-a52e-4200-ba83-d92dfbeb2ea5 +2118-9773 +3899324 +59113117-7A31-4969-BA24-4E8E45EBF24A + + + + + + +Cotesia philoeampa +( +Cameron, 1911 +) + + + + + + +Fig. 23 +A–B + + + + + + + +Apanteles philoeampus +Cameron, 1911: 342 + + +( +lectotype +, +♀ +, NHMUK). + + + + + +Apanteles philoeampus + +– + +Wilkinson 1928a: 96 + +(redescription). + + + + +Cotesia philoempa + +– + +Austin & Dangerfield 1992: 22 + +(transfer from + +Apanteles + +s.l. +, designation of +lectotype +). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + + +Cotesia philoeampa + +can be separated from all other species of + +Cotesia + +currently described from +Australia +and +Papua New Guinea +primarily by the fore wing vein 2RS extending past junction with r, creating a ‘stub’; T1 parallel sided; anteromesoscutum punctate; fore wing vein +r generally +shorter than 2RS (occasionally of similar length). + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Lectotype + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +♀ +; NSW, +Wattle Flat +; +bred from caterpillar +; + +23 Jan. 92 + +; +W.W. +F; +NHMUK 3.c.997. + + + + +Paralectotype + + + + +AUSTRALIA +• +1 ♀ +; same collection data as for lectotype; +NHMUK 3.c.997 + +. + + + + + +Redescription + + + +Female +(from +lectotype +) + +COLOUR. Head, antenna and mesosoma dark, T1–2 dark, rest of metasoma pale on non-sclerotised areas with dark sclerotised areas on dorsal surface, pale laterally; (fore-, mid-, hind coxa) dark, dark, dark; femora (fore-, mid-, hind femur) pale, pale, pale darkening distally; tibiae (fore-, mid-, hind tibia) pale, pale, pale darkening distally; tegula and humeral complex pale to light brown; pterostigma light brown; fore wing veins light brown. + + +Fig. 23. A–B +. + +Cotesia philoeampa +( +Cameron, 1911 +) + +, lectotype, ♀ (NHMUK 3.c.997). +A +. Fore wing. +B +. Habitus in dorsal view. +C–D +. + +C. rubecula +( +Marshall, 1885 +) + +, ♀, Urrbrae (WINC). +C +. Fore wing +D +. Habitus in dorsal view. + + + +BODY LENGTH. Head to apex of metasoma: +2.9 mm +. + + +HEAD. Antenna broken in +types +; OOL/posterior ocellus diameter 1.6; POL/posterior ocellus diameter 1.6; antennal flagellomere 2 length/width 3.1; antennal flagellomere 14 missing in +type +specimens. + +MESOSOMA. Anteromesoscutum punctate, punctures denser and tending towards rugose along notauli lines compared to lateral areas and centre area, where punctures are shallower and ateromesoscutum appears smoother; number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus 9; scutellar disc mostly smooth with some shallow punctures associated with setae; maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum 0.5. +WINGS. Fore wing length 3.0 mm; length of veins r/2RS 0.7–0.9; length of veins 2RS/2M 1.8; length of veins 2M/(RS+M)b 0.9; pterostigma length/width 3.2. +LEGS. Hind tibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length 0.6. +PROPODEUM. Medial carina present, but carina not more prominent than other carinae on propodeum, all of propodeum irregularly rugose. +METASOMA.T1 length /T1 width at posterior margin 1.3; mostly parallel-sided, curving in right at posterior edge and bulging outwards a small amount in the posterior third, smooth in anterior half, posterior half with rugose and reticulate rugose sculpturing; T2 width at posterior margin/ T2 length 2.3, wide and flat, covering most of metasoma width, slightly curved from anterior corners, very shallow indistinct sculpturing around edges – rugulose at anterior end, crenulate at posterior margin; T2 length / T3 length 0.7; T3 sculpture smooth and shiny; ovipositor sheaths length/hind tibial length 0.16. + +Male + +Unknown. + + + + +Distribution + + + +Only known from the +type +locality, Wattle Flat, NSW. + + + + + +Host + + +Unknown. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62009A3089FDF3C7D7BEF83C.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62009A3089FDF3C7D7BEF83C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..029f3604f8a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62009A3089FDF3C7D7BEF83C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +bidentatus bidentatus +( +Lepeletier, 1841 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 4A, C, D +; +14A +) + + + + + + + +Odynerus bidentatus +Lepeletier, 1841: 623 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +— +[ +Algeria +] “Oran” (coll. +Lepeletier +,? destroyed). + + + + + +Distribution. +Northwest Africa, from +Morocco +to +Tunisia +( +Gusenleitner 2013 +). Recorded from +Libya +(Tripolitania and Cyrenaica) by +Giordani Soika (1953) +, these records could be attributable to + +E. bidentatus puniceus +Blüthgen. + + + + + +FIGURE 2. +Phylogenetic tree (Neighbor-Joining) of + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) + +based on the mitochondrial COI gene. + +Ancistrocerus gazella +(Panzer) + +was used as an outgroup. Numbers adjacent to branches represent bootstrap support (values of <75 are omitted); only the species occurring in the considered area are highlighted. Countries are abbreviated using ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes. Continues in Fig. 3. + + + + +FIGURE 3. +Phylogenetic tree (Neighbor-Joining) of + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) + +based on the mitochondrial COI gene. + +Ancistrocerus gazella +(Panzer) + +was used as an outgroup. Numbers adjacent to branches represent bootstrap support (values of <75 are omitted); only the species occurring in the considered area are highlighted. Countries are abbreviated using ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes. Continuation of Fig. 2. + + + + +Notes. +This taxon and its subspecies +puniceus +Blüthgen were considered of uncertain subgeneric position ( +van der Vecht & Fischer 1972 +), until +Gusenleitner (1977) +placed them in subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +. However, this placement does not conform to the diagnostic characters of the subgenus provided by Gusenleitner himself ( +Gusenleitner 1997 +, +2013 +), as + +Pareuodynerus + +is defined by the following characters: dorsal propodeal carina forming a sharp lamellate tooth adjacent to metanotum, female with cephalic foveae placed in a modified area which is at least as wide as the ocellar triangle, and male with last segment of mid and hind tarsi black and at least slightly expanded. These characters are not observed in + +E. bidentatus + +, which instead shows the typical characters of the nominotypical subgenus: dorsal carina of propodeum absent and not toothed, female with cephalic foveae placed in a small depression narrower than the ocellar triangle, and male with all segments of tarsi yellow-orange and not expanded. Even the structure of the digitus further confirms this incongruence, as the digitus of + +E. bidentatus + +is subtriangular, with converging sides and a pointed apex ( +Fig. 14A +); in the subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +the digitus has subparallel sides and a largely rounded apex, which give it a subrectangular appearance, and is proportionally shorter ( +Figs 14K–N +). Taking these aspects into consideration, we propose moving + +E. bidentatus + +to + +Euodynerus + +s. str. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62029A3589FDF3E5D4E4F948.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62029A3589FDF3E5D4E4F948.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e687840e768 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62029A3589FDF3E5D4E4F948.xml @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + +Genus + +Euodynerus +Dalla Torre, 1904 + + + + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +Dalla Torre, 1904: 38 + + +, name for section II of division III of subgenus + +Leionotus + +of genus + +Odynerus +Latreille in de Saussure (1853: 177) + +(40 species); declared available from date of publication by Opinion 893 ( +ICZN 1970 +) (no. 1873 of Official List of Generic Names in Zoology). +Type +species: + +Vespa dantici +Rossi, 1790 + +, by subsequent designation of + +Blüthgen (1938: 277) + +; confirmed by Opinion 893 (no. 2331 of Official List of Specific Names in Zoology). + + + + + + +Extraepipona +Gusenleitner, 2014: 537 + + +, genus. +Type +species: + +Extraepipona occulta +Gusenleitner, 2014 + +, by original designation and monotypy. +Syn. nov. + + + + + +Subgeneric classification. +The current subgeneric division of + +Euodynerus + +includes three subgenera, with + +Euodynerus + +s. str. +being almost cosmopolitan, + +Pareuodynerus +Blüthgen + +having a mainly Holarctic distribution, and + +Incolepipona +Giordani Soika + +having only one species endemic to the Bonin Islands. While the first two are well distinct and easily recognizable on the basis of generally constant characters, the subgenus + +Incolepipona + +is mainly based on characters that are widely subject to variability in many genera of +Eumeninae +: proportions of clypeus and tegula, development of the carinae on mesepisternum, metanotum and propodeum, convexity of S2 and sculpture ( +Giordani Soika 1994 +). The comparison of a +paratype +of the only species included in + +Incolepipona + +, + +Euodynerus convergens +Giordani Soika, 1994 + +( +Figs 1A, B +), with several other species of + +Euodynerus + +has revealed that these differences are inconsistent and do not support the recognition of a distinct subgenus. In particular, + +E. convergens + +shows evident affinities with the species included in the subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +based on the morphology of vertex, metanotum and propodeum, while the other characters have purely specific value. For this reason, the subgenus + +Incolepipona + +is synonymized under + +Pareuodynerus + +. + + +The study of monospecific +Eumeninae +genera conducted by the first author (M. Selis, unpublished data) also revealed a further synonymy at the genus-level. +Gusenleitner (2014) +described the genus + +Extraepipona +Gusenleitner, 2014 + +to accommodate a single species from +Iran +, + +Extraepipona occulta +Gusenleitner, 2014 + +, and compared it with the genus + +Anterhynchium +de Saussure + +, proposing only the shape of the clypeus and of the axillary fossa as diagnostic characters. As already predictable from the different shapes of the axillary fossa, the examination of the +holotype +of + +Extraepipona occulta + +( +Figs 1C, D +) demonstrated that this taxon has little affinity with the genus + +Anterhynchium + +, but presents all the diagnostic characters of + +Euodynerus + +, such as T1 with a translucent margin and morphology of metanotum and propodeum, leading to the synonymy of + +Extraepipona + +with + +Euodynerus + +. In particular, + +Euodynerus occultus + +, + +comb. nov. + +seems closely related to another Iranian species, + +Euodynerus annae +( +Kostylev, 1937 +) + +(which is the senior synonym of + +Euodynerus shirazensis +Giordani Soika, 1970 + +, + +syn. nov. + +, after examining the types of both species, +Figs 1E–H +), from which it is however easily differentiated by its color pattern and some morphological characters (e.g. dorsal carinae of the propodeum, sculpture). + + +These synonymies lead the taxonomy of the genus + +Euodynerus + +to a division into two subgenera, + +Euodynerus + +s. str. +and + +Pareuodynerus + +, however some considerations must be made. Our molecular data show both subgenera as non-monophyletic, since some species attributed to the subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +( + +E. bidentiformis + +, + +E. bidentoides + +and + +E. strigatus + +) do not form a monophyletic group with the remaining species of the subgenus but are positioned separately in the clade formed by the species of the nominotypical subgenus. Although COI analysis is known to have limited power in resolving deeper phylogenetic relationships ( + +Trunz +et al. +2016 + +), the results presented here may indicate that the currently recognized subgenera in + +Euodynerus + +do not represent monophyletic natural groups, and sampling of more conserved genes than COI will be necessary to solve this issue. In addition to the need for more conserved genetic markers, it will be necessary to sample + +Euodynerus +species + +from the entire known range of the genus and species belonging to related genera, since on the basis of morphological studies the nominotypical subgenus appears to be constituted by different phyletic lineages (see Appendix 1 for list of examined species): as already highlighted by Selis (2024), some Afrotropical species form a well-defined group with affinities to the genus + +Proepipona +Giordani Soika + +, as is also observed in numerous New World species that show greater similarities with the genus + +Pachodynerus +de Saussure + +than with the Old World species of + +Euodynerus + +s. str. +A special case is constituted by the Australian species attributed to the genus + +Pseudepipona +de Saussure + +by +Giordani Soika (1962) +and recently moved to + +Euodynerus + +by +Carpenter & Brown (2021) +, as some of them show only a superficial similarity to + +Euodynerus + +, resulting morphologically similar to + +Pseudabispa bicolor +(de Saussure) + +, a species which in turn shows little similarity to the other species of + +Pseudabispa +van der Vecht. A + +complete phylogeny of + +Euodynerus + +will likely lead to important changes in the current subgeneric taxonomy of the genus. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3289FDF5B2D543FC71.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3289FDF5B2D543FC71.xml index 4c93e7af917..23fe8f33c65 100644 --- a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3289FDF5B2D543FC71.xml +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3289FDF5B2D543FC71.xml @@ -1,65 +1,65 @@ - - - -The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) - - -Author + + +Author -Selis, Marco -Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy - - -Author + + +Author -Fateryga, Alexander V. -T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia - - -Author + + +Author -Cilia, Giovanni -CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2024 - -2024-11-08 + +2024 + +2024-11-08 - -5537 + +5537 - -2 + +2 - -151 -194 + +151 +194 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 -1175-5326 -14239439 -8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 - + Euodynerus ( @@ -85,9 +85,7 @@ Euodynerus bidentatus puniceus - Blüthgen, 1956: 313 - , @@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ - + Distribution. Libya @@ -113,6 +111,8 @@ from Libya (Gharyan and Cyrenaica), but the real identity of those records remains to be assessed. + + Notes. Blüthgen (1956) diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3289FDF6D4D26AF949.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3289FDF6D4D26AF949.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d298a7c68b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3289FDF6D4D26AF949.xml @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +caspicus +( +Morawitz, 1873 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 4F–I +; +14B +; +15D +; +16C +) + + + + + + + +Leionotus caspicus +Morawitz, 1873: 295 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +— +[ +Turkmenistan +] “Kranowodsk” ( +lectotype +female ZISP [examined]). + + + + + + +Lionotus cardinalis +Morawitz, 1885: 167 + + +, +♂ +— +[ +Azerbaijan +] “Transcaucasia. Etschmiadzin” ( +lectotype +male ZISP [examined]). + + + + + + +Euodynerus caspicus astrachanensis +Blüthgen, 1942: 302 + + +, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +[ +Russia +] “Ryn-Pesski (Distr. + +Astrachan)” ( +ZMB +). + + + +Euodynerus caspicus armeniacus +Gusenleitner, 2016: 89 + +, 96, fig. 13, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +“ +Armenia +, +Armavir +Vanand +, +900m +” (OLML [examined]). +Syn. nov. + + + + +Distribution. +Mainly Asian species ranging from the Caucasus in the West to +China +in the East, occurring in the South-Eastern border of Europe ( +Russia +: +Astrakhan Province +) ( + +Rahmani +et al. +2020 + +). + + + + +Notes. +Gusenleitner (2016) +described the subspecies + +Euodynerus caspicus armeniacus + +based on a single female from +Armenia +, differentiating it from + +E. caspicus + +s. str. +and + +E. caspicus astrachanensis +Blüthgen + +only by pattern, sculpture, and width of the disc of metanotum. + +Euodynerus caspicus + +is a highly variable species and the characters reported by Gusenleitner as diagnostic of the subspecies +armeniacus +fall within the range of variability, already largely highlighted by +Morawitz (1885: 167) +in the description of the synonym + +L. cardinalis + +. The examination of a specimen from +Armenia +attributable to the subspecies +armeniacus +further confirms this, since it does not present substantial differences from the specimens of the typical subspecies occurring from European +Russia +to Central Asia and +Mongolia +. The subspecies + +E. caspicus armeniacus + +is therefore synonymized under the nominotypical one. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3389FDF3C6D3E5FDB0.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3389FDF3C6D3E5FDB0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8220cb2ec9c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62049A3389FDF3C6D3E5FDB0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +curictensis +Blüthgen, 1940 + + + + + + + +( +Figs 5A–H +; +14C +; +15N +; +16K +) + + + + + + + +Euodynerus curictensis +Blüthgen, 1940: 210 + + +, figs 3, 4, +♀ +, +♂ +— +“ +Insel +Krk in Jugoslavien +” (coll. +L. Mader +). + + + + + + +Euodynerus comosellus +Gusenleitner, 1971: 30 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +“ +Frankreich +( +Drôme +), +Bordeaux +” ( +holotype +female RMNH). + + + + + + +Euodynerus cretensis +Giordani Soika, 1973: 115 + + +, fig. 15, +♀ +— +“ + +Creta +: + +Paleochora +” (NHMUK). + + + + + + +Euodynerus curictensis sardous +Borsato, 2006: 123 + + +, 134, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +“ +SARDEGNA +: +Gennargentu M.te Aritzo +, + +1200 m + +” ( +holotype +coll. +Borsato +). +Syn. nov. + + + + + +Distribution. +From Iberian Peninsula in the West to +Mongolia +in the East, descending into +Morocco +, the Levant and +Iran +( + +Fateryga +et al. +2021 + +). + + + + +Notes. +The available genetic data show a certain level of substructuring within + +Euodynerus curictensis + +, with three recognizable groups distinguished by geographic provenance ( +Fig. 2 +): the first from Sardinia, the second from +Morocco +and the last ranging from the Italian Peninsula to the Caucasus and the Levant. The lone female specimen available from Sardinia, consistent with the Sardinian endemic subspecies + +E. curictensis sardous +Borsato + +( +Figs 5C, H +), presents a genetic distance of 2.96% from the Moroccan specimens and 7.04–7.27% from the more widespread group, while the Moroccan and the widespread group differ by 3.77–4.04%, with the highest differences between Moroccan and Italian specimens. These genetic distances do not seem to correlate to constant morphological differences, and the highest intraspecific genetic distance (7.27%) is still well below the interspecific distances observed between + +E. curictensis + +and the other species of the nominotypical subgenus considered in this study, with the lowest being 19.68% between + +E. curictensis + +and + +E. dantici violaceipennis + +. For these reasons, the whole clade is here considered as a single taxon, + +E. curictensis + +, making + +E. curictensis sardous + +a junior synonym. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62059A2E89FDF340D375FE90.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62059A2E89FDF340D375FE90.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..682f469fe87 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62059A2E89FDF340D375FE90.xml @@ -0,0 +1,648 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +dantici +( +Rossi, 1790 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 6A–O +; +14D +; +15E, H, M, T +; +16E, I +) + + + + + + + +Vespa dantici +Rossi, 1790: 89 + + +, pl. 6, fig. 6, +♀ +— +“ +Italia +” ( +syntype +ZMB [examined]). + + + + + + +Odynerus postscutellatus +Lepeletier, 1841: 627 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +— +“ +Environs de Paris +” (coll. +Lepeletier +,? MRSN). + + + + + + +Euodynerus dantici iberogallicus +Blüthgen, 1942: 301 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +— +[ +France +] “ +Callian +(Dept. Var.)” (ZMB [examined]). + + + + + + +Odynerus dantici +var. +lagostae +Giordani Soika, 1942: 58 + + +, +♂ +— +“Dalmazia italiana: Lagosta” (? +type +lost). + + + + + + +Euodynerus espagnoli +Vergés Serra, 1965: 105 + + +, figs 1, 3–4, +♂ +— +“Comarca de Canet de Mar (Barcelona)” (coll. Vergés Serra). + + + + + + +Euodynerus dantici poggii +Giordani Soika, 1986: 115 + + +, +♀ +— +“ + +Italia + +: +Isola +Montecristo +, +Cala Maestra +” (MSNG). +Syn. nov. + + + + +Euodynerus minoricensis +Sanza + +in + +Sanza +et al. +2003: 59 + +, 60 (key), figs 9–11, 13–14, 16–17, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +“Mercadal (Cala Pregonda)” (? coll. Sanza). +Syn. nov. + + + + +Distribution. +Trans-Palaearctic taxon, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to Central Asia and +China +in the East, descending into the Maghreb and the Levant ( + +Fateryga +et al. +2019 + +; present data). + + + + +Notes. + +Euodynerus dantici + +is a polytypic species, occurring in the whole Palaearctic and part of the Oriental region with five subspecies in addition to + +E. dantici + +s. str. +The nominotypical subspecies ( +Fig. 6A +) has been widely recorded from most of the Palaearctic region, with the other subspecies replacing or cohabitating with it in some localities: + +dantici +brachytomus + +(Kostylev) ( +Fig. 6F +) in Eastern Siberia and the northern Far East, + +dantici +pamiricus + +Blüthgen ( +Fig. 6E +) in the Pamir Mountains, + +dantici +poggii + +Giordani Soika ( +Fig. 6B +) in Montecristo Island ( +Italy +), + +dantici +tinctus + +(Walker) in +Egypt +, and + +dantici +violaceipennis + +Giordani Soika ( +Fig. 6G +) in +East Asia +from +Japan +to +Vietnam +.All of these subspecies were examined and sequenced, except for + +E. dantici tinctus + +for which no specimen was available (we examined the female reported to be in MSNVE by + +Dal Pos +et al. +(2022) + +, but it comes from +Algeria +and belongs to the nominotypical subspecies), revealing a complex situation made of several lineages. + +E. dantici violaceipennis + +resulted as the sister-group of all other + +Euodynerus + +s. str. +considered in this study and does not cluster together with the remaining lineages of + +E. dantici + +( +Fig. 2 +), and differs from nominotypical specimens from +Italy +(the +type +specimens of + +E. dantici + +come from Central +Italy +) by an average genetic distance of 13.43%, and the average distance progressively increases when compared to the other lineages, reaching up to 38.03% with + +E. dantici pamiricus + +from +Tajikistan +; although similar in pattern and coming from close areas, + +E. dantici violaceipennis + +and + +E. dantici brachytomus + +differ by an average genetic distance of 20.72%. The other subspecies of + +E. dantici + +form a single clade with a bootstrap support of 99 ( +Fig. 3 +), but showing high genetic distances between each other, except for a female of + +E. dantici poggii + +from Montecristo Island that resulted identical to specimens from continental +Italy +. The nominotypical subspecies is composed by three lineages with low genetic distances, with specimens from +Italy +differing from those from +Malta +, +Spain +, and +Morocco +by an average of 2.14%, and from those ranging from +Greece +to the Far East by an average of 1.71%; the Western and Eastern lineages differ by 3.94%. +Two specimens +of the subspecies +brachytomus +, from Eastern Siberia and +Japan +, were sequenced resulting as the sister-group of the Eastern lineage of + +E. dantici + +s. str. +and differing from the nominotypical subspecies by an average genetic distance of 7.82%. The remaining two lineages include specimens with ivory markings, the first from the Pamir Mountains in Central Asia and described as + +E. dantici pamiricus + +, and the second from +Laos +( +Fig. 6H +) and never recorded before; the average distances of the Laotian lineage range from 12.86% with the subspecies +pamiricus +to 25.99% with + +E. dantici violaceipennis + +, while + +E. dantici pamiricus + +is the most divergent lineage, differing by 24.17% from the nominotypical subspecies, 28.42% from + +E. dantici brachytomus + +and 38.03% from + +E. dantici violaceipennis + +. These data could indicate the presence of multiple cryptic species currently included under the name of + +E. dantici + +, but the scarcity of material for some of the subspecies and the lack of evident morphological differences do not allow us to resolve the taxonomy of this group; genetic techniques more powerful than the simple barcoding could provide useful data. The only taxonomic action that can be confidently taken with the available data regarding the subspecies of + +E. dantici + +is the synonymy of + +E. dantici poggii + +under the nominotypical subspecies, from which it differs only by the barely darker pattern and does not show the slightest morphological and genetic difference. Given the clear separation from the rest of the subspecies, + +E. dantici violaceipennis + +could be elevated to the rank of species but given the lack of evident morphological differences, we defer this decision to future studies that include a larger sample of Asian + +Euodynerus +species. + + + + +Euodynerus minoricensis +Sanza, 2003 + +( +Fig. 6D +) was described as a species endemic of +Menorca +similar to + +E. dantici + +but differentiated by few differences in the morphology of clypeus and chromatic pattern ( + +Sanza +et al. +2003 + +). Morphological comparison of + +E. minoricensis + +with specimens of + +E. dantici + +from the whole range of the species showed how the morphological differences observed in the clypeus fall within the intraspecific variability of + +E. dantici + +( +Figs 6I, J +), and the pattern of + +E. minoricensis + +is largely variable presenting all the intermediate forms between typical + +E. dantici + +and the dark pattern described for + +E. minoricensis + +. In addition, DNA barcoding of a male specimen of + +E. minoricensis + +produced a sequence that is nested within the + +E. dantici + +s. str. +clade and shows a genetic distance of just 3.71% when compared with + +E. dantici + +from the Western Mediterranean ( +Spain +, +Morocco +and +Malta +) ( +Fig. 3 +). Given the absence of substantial differences and the very low genetic distance, much lower than that observed between the subspecies of + +E. dantici + +, + +E. minoricensis + +is here considered only as an insular form with a slightly darker pattern and therefore synonymized under the nominotypical subspecies of + +E. dantici + +. Another similar case in + +E. dantici + +is known from the island of Lastovo ( +Croatia +) and was described as subspecies + +E. dantici lagostae +( +Giordani Soika 1942: 58 +) + +, later considered as a case of insular melanism by +Gusenleitner (1997: 126) +. + + + +FIGURE 6. + +Euodynerus dantici +(Rossi) + +. +A +, +K +, female from Italy ( + +E. dantici + +s. str. +). +B +, +L +, female from Montecristo, Italy ( + +E. dantici poggii +Giordani Soika + +, + +syn. nov. + +). +C +, +M +, female from Malta. +D +, +J +, male from Menorca, Spain ( + +E. minoricensis +Sanza + +, + +syn. nov. + +). +E +, female from Tadjikistan ( + +E. dantici pamiricus +Blüthgen + +). +F +, +N +, female from Buryatia, Russia ( + +E. dantici brachytomus +(Kostylev)) + +. +G +, +O +, female from China ( + +E. dantici violaceipennis +Giordani Soika + +). +H +, female from Laos. +I +, male from Greece. + + + +The orange-marked specimens from +Malta +( +Figs 6C, M +) reported by + +Cassar +et al. +(2022) + +were sequenced and showed no genetic distance from continental specimens from +Spain +and +Morocco +, further confirming their conspecificity with + +E. dantici + +. + + + + +Giordani Soika (1942) +designated as “ +neotypes +” of + +Euodynerus dantici + +a pair from +San Vincenzo +, +Tuscany +, but this designation is invalid as +one specimen +of the original type series is present in +ZMB +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62109A2689FDF13FD343F8BF.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62109A2689FDF13FD343F8BF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..da3bbd14f80 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62109A2689FDF13FD343F8BF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,312 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Pareuodynerus +) +posticus +(Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 12H, K +; +14M +; +15G, P, S, U +; +16B +) + + + + + +Odynerus posticus +Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841: 176 + +, pl. 9, +♀ +— +type +locality not stated ( +type +destroyed). + + + +Odynerus innumerabilis +de Saussure, 1853: 154 + +(key), 189, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Leionotus + +) +— +“L’Algérie” (MNHN). + + + +Odynerus graphicus +de Saussure, 1853: 155 + +(key), 191, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Leionotus + +) +— +“ +Le +midi de la +France +” (MNHN). + + + + + +Odynerus differens +Morawitz, 1895: 478 + + +, +♂ +, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Lionotus + +) +— +[ +Georgia +and +Azerbaijan +] “ +Transcaucasia +: +Lagodechy +; +Zakataly +” ( +syntypes +ZISP [examined]). + + + + + + +Odynerus cephalicus +Blüthgen, 1944: 32 + + +, 34, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +) +— +“Argentat (Dept. Corrèze, Südfrankreich)” (MNHN). + + + + + + +Pseudepipona postica punctatissima +Giordani Soika, 1952: 382 + + +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +“ +Anatolia +, +Gyaur +daglari” (NMPC). + + + + + + +Euodynerus posticus posticus +var. +notatiformis +Blüthgen, 1955a: 155 + + +, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +) +— +“Sasso-Furbara ( +Lazio +)” (ZMB). Unavailable name according to Art. 45.5 of +ICZN (1999) +, because originally described as infrasubspecific name. + + + + + + +Euodynerus posticus punctatissimus +var. +nahariensis +Blüthgen, 1955b: 28 + + +, +♂ +, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +) +— +“Nahariya ( +10 km +. N. of Acre)” ( +holotype +female ZMB). Unavailable name according to Art. 45.5 of +ICZN (1999) +, because originally described as infrasubspecific name. + + + + + +Distribution. +Mainly Western Palaearctic, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb in the West to the Caucasus and +Iran +in the East ( + +Fateryga +et al. +2019 + +). + +Ma +et al. +(2017) + +include + +E. posticus + +in their key to the Chinese + +Euodynerus +species + +, but in fact it was never recorded from the Eastern Palaearctic. + + + + +Notes. +The available genetic data show a certain level of substructuring in + +Euodynerus posticus + +, with an eastwest gradient ( +Fig. 10 +): the specimens from the western Mediterranean (Iberian Peninsula and Maghreb) differ by 2.29% from ones from the Italian Peninsula and by 6.06% from the eastern ones, while the Italian ones differ by 3.75% from the eastern ones. The genetic distances are low and not associated with obvious morphological differences, confirming + +E. posticus + +as a species with a wide Palaearctic distribution. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62139A2689FDF0C0D22EFC18.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62139A2689FDF0C0D22EFC18.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..960f8c4cece --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62139A2689FDF0C0D22EFC18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,419 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Pareuodynerus +) +notatus +( +Jurine, 1807 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 12A–G +; +14L +; +15L, R +; +16A +) + + + + + + + +Vespa notate +Jurine, 1807: 170 + + +, pl. 9, fig. 15, +♀ +— +[? +Geneva +] (MHNG). + + + + +Odynerus nigripes +Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839: 11 + +(key), 17, +♂ +, +♀ +, pl. 21 (female), 22 (female var.) +— +locality not stated [probably +Germany +] ( +type +destroyed). + + + +? + + +Odynerus maculatus +Lepeletier, 1841: 626 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +— +“ +Environs de Paris +” (coll. +Lepeletier +;? destroyed). + + + + + + +Odynerus pubescens +Thomson, 1870: 85 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Lionotus + +) +— +Sweden +(MZLU). + + + + + + +Odynerus ungularis +Thomson, 1870: 85 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Lionotus + +) +— +Sweden +: “Norrland” (MZLU). + + + + + + +Odynerus clypealis +Thomson, 1870: 85 + + +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Lionotus + +) +— +Sweden +: “ +Skåne +” (MZLU). + + + +? + +Odynerus pubescens +var. +cupreus +von Schulthess, 1897: 69 + +, sex not indicated (probably based on discolored specimen) (? coll. von Schulthess, ZMUZ). + + + + + +Euodynerus notatus +var. +pernotata +Blüthgen, 1938: 279 + + +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +) +— +“Naumburg (Saale)” (ZMB [examined]). + + + + + +Distribution. +Nearly trans-Palaearctic species but most of the records east of the Baikal Lake should be verified due to the confusion made in the past with + +E. nipanicus +(von Schulthess) + +( + +Fateryga +et al. +2020 + +; present data). + + + + +Notes. +Giordani Soika (1986) +described the subspecies + +E. notatus cyrenaicus + +from +Libya +, differentiating it by the reduced and red-orange pattern. The taxonomy of this subspecies is treated below under + +E. rubrosignatus + +. + + + +Euodynerus notatus + +has often been confused with + +E. nipanicus + +, a polytypic species occurring in the Eastern Palaearctic and +Oriental +regions, with both + +E. nipanicus + +s. str. +and its current subspecies sometimes described as or downgraded to subspecies of + +E. notatus + +(e.g. +Giordani Soika 1973 +; +Yamane & Tano 1987 +; +Gusenleitner 1988 +). The first to provide diagnostic characters for the two species was +Blüthgen (1942) +, then +Giordani Soika (1986) +and +Yamane (1990) +followed Blüthgen’s view providing further diagnostic characters, with most of the subsequent authors following this taxonomy (e.g. +Gusenleitner 1997 +; +Kim 2012 +; + +Nguyen +et al. +2014 + +; + +Ma +et al. +2017 + +; + +Tan +et al. +2018 + +). DNA barcoding of both + +E. notatus + +and + +E. nipanicus + +(including most of its subspecies) further supports considering the two taxa as different species ( +Fig. 10 +), with the average genetic distances between + +E. notatus + +and four subspecies of + +nipanicus + +( + +nipanicus + +s. str. +, + +nipanicus +flavicornis + +Yamane, + +nipanicus +ryukyuensis + +Tano, + +nipanicus +tonkinensis + +Giordani Soika) resulting to be 10.71–21.49%, and confirming the characters provided by past authors ( +Blüthgen 1942 +; +Giordani Soika 1986 +; +Yamane 1990 +) as diagnostic. + + +Within + +Euodynerus nipanicus + +, large genetic distances were found between the four subspecies examined, with average distances ranging from 6.98% ( + +nipanicus + +s. str. +/ +n. flavicornis +) to 23.65% ( +n. tonkinensis +/ +n. ryukyuensis +). These high genetic distances, however, are not supported by evident morphological differences between the four subspecies, which differ only in the extension of the yellow pattern, which tends to become richer towards the south, and are probably attributable to the geographical isolation of the various populations (e.g. +flavicornis +and +ryukyuensis +in the Ryûkyû Islands), given that they also form a clade supported by a bootstrap value of 100. These considerations would support the synonymy of the three subspecies +tonkinensis +, +flavicornis +and +ryukyuensis +under the nominotypical one. However, this action should be undertaken in the context of a broader sampling of Asian species of the subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +, especially including taxa recently described and morphologically similar to + +E. nipanicus + +(see + +Ma +et al. +2017 + +), so for the moment we refrain from proposing such taxonomic actions. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62169A1C89FDF204D40FF8C5.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62169A1C89FDF204D40FF8C5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d5177553c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62169A1C89FDF204D40FF8C5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,593 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Pareuodynerus +) +rubrosignatus +Gusenleitner, 1984 + +, +stat. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs 13K–M +; +15W +) + + + + + + + +Euodynerus quadrifasciatus rubrosignatus +Gusenleitner, 1984: 165 + + +, 168, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +) +— +“Cyrenaica, Schachhart [Shahhat], + +650 m + +” ( +holotype +female OLML [examined]). + + + + + + +Euodynerus notatus cyrenaicus +Giordani Soika, 1986: 116 + + +, +♀ +[erroneously reported as male] +— +“ +Cirenaica: +R. Uff. Agrario +” ( +holotype +MSNVE [examined]). +Syn. nov. + + + + + +FIGURE 13. A–J +, + +Euodynerus quadrifasciatus +(Fabricius) + +. +A +, female from Estonia. +B +, +H +, female from Italy. +C +, female from Crimea, Russia. +D +, +F +, male from China ( + +E. quadrifasciatus atripes +Giordani Soika + +, + +syn. nov. + +). +E +, male from Italy. +G +, female from Khabarovsk Territory, Russia. +I–J +, male from Turkey (paratype of + +E. quadrifasciatus rufipes +Gusenleitner + +, + +syn. nov. + +). +K–N +, + +E. rubrosignatus +Gusenleitner + +, + +stat. nov. + +, female from Libya. +K–L +, paratype of + +E. quadrifasciatus rubrosignatus +Gusenleitner. +M + +–N +, holotype of + +E. notatus cyrenaicus +Giordani Soika + +, +syn. nov. + + + + +FIGURE 14. +Male genitalia, from left to right: aedeagus in ventral view, aedeagus in lateral view, digitus+volsella. +A +, + +Euodynerus bidentatus +(Lepeletier) + +. +B +, + +E. caspicus +(Morawitz) + +. +C +, + +E. curictensis +Blüthgen. +D + +, + +E. dantici +(Rossi) + +. +E +, + +E. disconotatus +(Lichtenstein) + +. +F +, + +E. fastidiosus +(de Saussure) + +. +G +, + +E. hellenicus +Blüthgen. +H + +, + +E. semisaecularis +(Dalla Torre) + +. +I +, + +E. variegatus +(Fabricius) + +. +J +, + +E. velutinus +Blüthgen. +K + +, + +E. bidentoides +(Giordani Soika) + +. +L +, + +E. notatus +(Jurine) + +. +M +, + +E. posticus +(Herrich-Schaeffer) + +. +N +, + +E. quadrifasciatus +(Fabricius) + +. + + + + +FIGURE 15. A–E +, S2 in lateral view. +F–I +, propodeum in posterodorsal view (arrowheads indicating dorsal carinae). +J–O +, vestiture of mesosoma. +P–Q +, metanotum in anterior view. +R–T +, male hind tarsus in dorsal view. +U–Y +, female head in dorsal view (arrowhead in Y indicating foveae not placed in depression). +A +, +F +, +J +, + +Euodynerus bidentiformis +(Giordani Soika) + +. +B +, +V +, + +E. bidentoides +(Giordani Soika) + +. +C +, +K +, + +E. quadrifasciatus +(Fabricius) + +. +D +, + +E. caspicus +(Morawitz) + +. +E +, +H +, +M +, +T +, + +E. dantici +(Rossi) + +. +G +, +P +, +S +, +U +, + +E. posticus +(Herrich-Schaeffer) + +. +I +, +Y +, + +E. disconotatus +(Lichtenstein) + +. +L +, +R +, + +E. notatus +(Jurine) + +. +N +, + +E. curictensis +Blüthgen. +O + +, + +E. semisaecularis +(Dalla Torre) + +. +Q +, +X +, + +E. fastidiosus +(de Saussure) + +. +W +, + +E. rubrosignatus +Gusenleitner. + + + + + +FIGURE 16. A–B +, male mandible in frontal view (arrowhead indicating normal or modified tooth). +C–G +, tegula in dorsal view. +H–I +, apex of T2 in dorsal view (arrowhead indicating lamellar margin). +J–K +, male hind femur in frontal view (arrowhead in J indicating basal expansion). +L–N +, apex of male metasoma in lateral view. +A +, + +Euodynerus notatus +(Jurine) + +. +B +, + +E. posticus +(Herrich-Schaeffer) + +. +C +, + +E. caspicus +(Morawitz) + +. +D +, +H +, + +E. hellenicus +Blüthgen. +E +, +I + +, + +E. dantici +(Rossi) + +. +F +, +L +, + +E. fastidiosus +(de Saussure) + +. +G +, +N +, + +E. disconotatus +(Lichtenstein) + +. +J +, + +E. velutinus +Blüthgen. +K + +, + +E. curictensis +Blüthgen. +M + +, + +E. semisaecularis +(Dalla Torre) + +. + + + + +Distribution. +Libya +, currently known only for the area of Shahhat ( +Gusenleitner 1984 +; +Giordani Soika 1986 +). + + + + +Notes. +Both +Gusenleitner (1984) +and +Giordani Soika (1986) +independently described this taxon, respectively as a subspecies of + +E. quadrifasciatus + +and + +E. notatus + +, differentiating it only by the black pattern with a few reddish markings. Comparison of the +holotype +of + +E. notatus cyrenaicus + +( +Figs 13M, N +) with a +paratype +and pictures of the +holotype +of + +E. quadrifasciatus rubrosignatus + +( +Figs 13K, L +), all collected in Shahhat, showed very slight differences in pattern, apical margin of clypeus and length of setosity on head and mesosoma, all compatible with intraspecific variability; the synonymy between the two taxa comes naturally and is confirmed by DNA barcoding, that does not show the slightest genetic distance between the two sequenced specimens. Genetic data ( +Fig. 10 +) also show that this taxon is clearly more related to + +E. notatus + +(average distance of 9.45%) rather than to + +E. quadrifasciatus + +(14.89%), a relationship confirmed by two morphological characters: length of setae on head and mesosoma and modified area of the female vertex. This taxon is however readily distinguished from both + +E. notatus + +and + +E. quadrifasciatus + +by the shape of S2, that is more strongly convex basally rather than evenly convex from base to apex. Taking into consideration morphological and genetic differences, constant differences in pattern and geographic isolation, it becomes evident that + +E. rubrosignatus + +deserves to be raised to species-level, representing a further case of Libyan endemism characterized by the reduced reddish pattern. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62169A2089FDF5B2D508F90C.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62169A2089FDF5B2D508F90C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5205d312a4c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62169A2089FDF5B2D508F90C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Pareuodynerus +) +quadrifasciatus +( +Fabricius, 1793 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 13A–J +; +14N +; +15C, K +) + + + + + + + +Vespa quadrifasciata +Fabricius, 1793: 266 + + +, +♂ +— +“Dania” (Copenhagen). + + + + + + +Vespa simplex +Fabricius, 1793: 267 + + +— +“Kiliae” ( +holotype +male coll. Fabricius). + + + + + + +Vespa quadricincta +Fabricius, 1793: 266 + + +— +“Kiliae” ( +holotype +female coll. Fabricius). + + + + + + +Odynerus lindenii +Lepeletier, 1841: 624 + + +, +♀ +— +“ +Environs de Paris +et Montpellier” (coll. +Lepeletier +,? MRSN). + + + + + + +Odynerus tomentosus +Thomson, 1870: 86 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Lionotus + +) +— +Sweden +(MZLU). + + + + + + +Pseudepipona sachalinensis +Yasumatsu, 1938: 15 + + +, +♀ +— +“ +Sakhaline +” (KUZC). + + + + + + +Euodynerus quadrifasciatus +var. +pseudonotata +Blüthgen, 1939: 10 + + +, +♀ +— +“Bozen” (ZMB). + + + + + + +Euodynerus quadrifasciatus atripes +Giordani Soika, 1976: 292 + + +, +♀ +— +[ +Korea +] “Prov. Ryang-gang, +Plateau Chann-Pay +, +Sam-ziyan +, + +1500 m + +” (HNHM). +Syn. nov. + + + + + + +Euodynerus quadrifasciatus rufipes +Gusenleitner, 1984: 165 + + +, 166, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Pareuodynerus + +) +— +“ +Türkei +, +Horasan +, +Arastal +” ( +holotype +male OLML [examined]). +Syn. nov. + + + + + +Euodynerus quadrifasciatus eburnus +Yamane + +in + +Yamane & Tano 1987: 340 + +, +♀ +, +♂ +— +“ +Toyotaki +, +Sapporo +, +Hokkaidô +, +Japan +” ( +holotype +female EIHU). +Syn. nov. + + + + + +Distribution. +Trans-Palaearctic species, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to +Japan +in the East ( + +Fateryga +et al. +2020 + +). The records from North-West Africa are considered doubtful. + + + + +Notes. +Giordani Soika (1976) +described the subspecies +atripes +from the Korean Peninsula, providing a very short description not allowing a precise recognition of the taxon; this subspecies was later redescribed by +Kim (2012) +and recorded from +Japan +( +Yamane & Tano 1987 +) and +Russia +( +Kim 2012 +). A male specimen from +Shanxi +( +China +) ( +Fig. 13D +), corresponding with subspecies +atripes +according to the description and pictures provided by +Kim (2012) +, was barcoded, showing a genetic distance of 5.21–6.22% from specimens ranging from +Italy +to Eastern +Russia +( +Figs 13A–C +), which on the other hand have an intraspecific distance of 0.00–1.07%. Interestingly, the genetic distance between + +E. quadrifasciatus + +s. str. +and + +E. quadrifasciatus atripes + +is barely below the average distances between + +E. quadrifasciatus + +s. l. +and + +E. notatus + +(6.15%) and + +E. posticus + +(8.52%). This distance is however not supported by any evident morphological difference, and in the phylogenetic analysis + +E. quadrifasciatus atripes + +forms with the other specimens of + +E. quadrifasciatus + +a clade supported by a bootstrap value of 99 ( +Fig. 10 +), leading to its synonymy under the nominotypical subspecies. + + +No specimens of the +Hokkaido +endemic subspecies + +E. quadrifasciatus eburnus + +were available for study, but +Yamane (1990) +compared it with + +E. quadrifasciatus atripes + +providing only the paler pattern as a diagnostic character, therefore it can be synonymized under the nominotypical subspecies. + + +Gusenleitner (1984) +described the subspecies +rufipes +from northeast +Turkey +, close to the Caucasus, differentiating it from the nominotypical subspecies by narrower modified area on female vertex, weaker sculpture of male clypeus, stronger sculpture of the mesosoma and finer macropunctures on T2, in addition to the black and ivory pattern with red legs. The study of several specimens of + +E. quadrifasciatus + +ranging from Southern Europe to Asian Far East, including a +paratype +and pictures of the +holotype +of + +E. quadrifasciatus rufipes + +( +Fig. 13I +), however showed how these characters are variable: the modified area on female vertex ranges from as wide as ocellar triangle to much wider than it, a similarly strong sculpture of the mesosoma is observed in specimens from +Italy +and +China +, the fine macropunctures on T2 are observed in specimens from +Estonia +and the sculpture of male clypeus is highly variable. The different pattern also fits into a range of variability common to numerous other species of +Eumeninae +(e.g. + +Stenodynerus difficilis +(Morawitz) + +, + +Eumenes sareptanus +André + +), in which specimens coming from the Caucasus or neighboring regions have ivory markings and reddish legs. Furthermore, a male specimen of + +E. quadrifasciatus + +from Dagestan, identical to the +paratype +of + +E. quadrifasciatus rufipes + +except for the slightly denser punctures of T2, was sequenced, showing no genetic difference from the rest of the Western Palaearctic populations. The subspecies +rufipes +is therefore synonymized. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2989FDF38FD5A2FECC.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2989FDF38FD5A2FECC.xml index e8bb00db016..fe6fe916cfa 100644 --- a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2989FDF38FD5A2FECC.xml +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2989FDF38FD5A2FECC.xml @@ -1,65 +1,65 @@ - - - -The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) - - -Author + + +Author -Selis, Marco -Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy - - -Author + + +Author -Fateryga, Alexander V. -T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia - - -Author + + +Author -Cilia, Giovanni -CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2024 - -2024-11-08 + +2024 + +2024-11-08 - -5537 + +5537 - -2 + +2 - -151 -194 + +151 +194 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 -1175-5326 -14239439 -8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 - + Euodynerus ( @@ -89,9 +89,7 @@ Euodynerus dantici hellenicus - Blüthgen, 1942: 301 - , @@ -107,9 +105,7 @@ Euodynerus hellenicus vechti - Gusenleitner, 1972: 77 - , @@ -129,7 +125,7 @@ female RMNH). - + Distribution. Occurring in the Iberian Peninsula, in the area ranging from the Balkan Peninsula to @@ -138,6 +134,7 @@ and descending into the Levant ( Gusenleitner 2013 ; present data). + FIGURE 7. A–H @@ -229,6 +226,7 @@ Blüthgen. , male from Armenia. + Notes. This species shows a disjunct distribution, being known from the Iberian Peninsula in the west and from an area ranging from the Balkan Peninsula to diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2E89FDF198D6F7F988.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2E89FDF198D6F7F988.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6b4dd95b897 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2E89FDF198D6F7F988.xml @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +fastidiosus +(de Saussure, 1853) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 7I–O +; +14F +; +15Q, X +; +16F, L +) + + + +Odynerus fastidiosus +de Saussure, 1853: 154 + +(key), 189, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Leionotus + +) +— +“L’Algérie” (MNHN). + + + + + + + +Odynerus germabicus +Radoszkowski, 1893: 77 + + +, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Lionotus + +) +— +[ +Turkmenistan +] “ +Germab +” (ZMB [examined]). + + + + + +Distribution. +Trans-Palaearctic taxon, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to Central Asia and +China +in the East, reaching the Maghreb, the Arabian Peninsula and +Pakistan +in the South. + + + + +Notes. +Available genetic data show that the Italian population of + +E. fastidiosus + +differs from those occurring from the +Balkan +Peninsula to Central Asia by 2.37%, with the latter populations not showing any genetic variability ( +Fig. 2 +). A similar trans-Adriatic genetic gap is observed in the genus + +Stenodynerus +( + +Selis +et al. +2024 + +) + +and other species of + +Euodynerus + +as well. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2E89FDF4B7D47BFBBD.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2E89FDF4B7D47BFBBD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..413a78bd1aa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D62189A2E89FDF4B7D47BFBBD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +disconotatus +( +Lichtenstein, 1884 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 7A–H +; +14E +; +15I, Y +; +16G, N +) + + + + + +Odynerus disconotatus +Lichtenstein, 1884 + +: L +— +“Montpellier” (? destroyed). + + + + + +Lionotus sulfuripes +Morawitz, 1885: 169 + + +, +♂ +— +[ +Turkmenistan +] “ +In +territorio transcaspico, +Asschabad +” ( +syntype +male ZISP [examined]). + + + + + + +Odynerus kokpeticus +Radoszkowski, 1886: 48 + + +, pl. 11, fig. 50, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Leionotus + +) +— +[ +Turkmenistan +] “ +Askhabad +ou environs” ( +type +depository unknown). + + + + + + +Odynerus collariventris +Giordani Soika, 1942: 60 + + +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Rhynchium + +) +— +“ +Creta +” (? +type +lost). + + + + + + +Euodynerus disconotatus albidus +Blüthgen, 1951b: 70 + + +(key), 73, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +“ +Insel +Rhodus +” (ZMB [examined]). + + + + + + +Euodynerus disconotatus laniensis +Giordani Soika, 1979: 253 + + +, +♂ +, +♀ +— +“ + +Cipro +: + +Lania +” (? +holotype +male lost, +paratypes +in MSNVE [examined]). + + + + + +Distribution. +Western and central Palaearctic, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Asia and descending into the Middle East and +Pakistan +( + +Fateryga +et al. +2021 + +). + + + + +Notes. +Traditionally, two subspecies were recognized in addition to the nominotypical one: +laniensis +Giordani Soika from +Cyprus +and + +sulfuripes +(Morawitz) + +ranging from +Turkey +and Arabian Peninsula to Central Asia and +Pakistan +. These subspecies were recently synonymized under the nominotypical one by + +Fateryga +et al. +(2021) + +, who considered the differences presented by previous authors as simple intraspecific variability. Specimens ranging from +Italy +to Central Asia and +Cyprus +were sequenced not showing any genetic difference ( +Fig. 2 +), further confirming the synonymy of these two taxa under nominotypical + +E. disconotatus + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2589FDF3D8D365FA42.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2589FDF3D8D365FA42.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..40ad1335403 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2589FDF3D8D365FA42.xml @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Pareuodynerus +) +bidentoides +( +Giordani Soika, 1953 +) + +, sp. resurr. + + + + + + +( +Figs 11B, C, E–G +; +14K +; +15B, V +) + + + + + + + +Odynerus bidentoides +Giordani Soika, 1953: 250 + + +, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +[ +Morocco +] “ +Midelt +” (? +type +lost). + + + + + +Distribution. +The Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula ( +Gusenleitner 1997 +). + + + + +FIGURE 10. +Phylogenetic tree (Neighbor-Joining) of + +Euodynerus +( +Pareuodynerus +) + +based on the mitochondrial COI gene. + +Ancistrocerus gazella +(Panzer) + +was used as an outgroup. Numbers adjacent to branches represent bootstrap support (values of <75 are omitted); only the species occurring in the considered area are highlighted. Countries are abbreviated using ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes. + + + + +FIGURE 11. A +, +D +, + +Euodynerus bidentiformis +(Giordani Soika) + +, female from Sardinia. +B–C +, +E–G +, + +E. bidentoides +(Giordani Soika) + +, +sp. resurr. B +, +E +, male from Portugal. +C +, +F +, female from Morocco. +G +, female from Portugal. + + + + +Notes. +Gusenleitner (2013) +synonymized + +E. bidentoides + +under + +E. bidentiformis + +without providing any information supporting this taxonomic action. Our data clearly show that the two taxa are similar but still welldifferentiated species ( +Fig. 10 +), with an average genetic distance of 38.94% confirming the diagnostic value of the morphological characters provided by +Giordani Soika (1953) +and +Gusenleitner (1997) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF077D6A2F97D.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF077D6A2F97D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..45f777b4bff --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF077D6A2F97D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Pareuodynerus +) +bidentiformis +( +Giordani Soika, 1942 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 11A, D +; +15A, F, J +) + + + + + + + +Odynerus bidentiformis +Giordani Soika, 1942: 58 + + +, +♀ +, (in subgenus + +Rhynchium + +) +— +“ +Sardegna +: +Macomer +” (? +type +lost). + + + + + +Distribution. +Endemic from +Sardinia +( +Gusenleitner 1997 +). + + + + +Notes. +Giordani Soika (1996) +synonymized + +E. bidentiformis + +under + +E. bidentatus + +without providing any motivation, and the synonymy was also reported by +Borsato & Ratti (1999) +. As already noticed by +Borsato (2006) +, this synonymy is erroneous, as + +E. bidentiformis + +and + +E. bidentatus + +show clear differences both in morphology (see key) and COI sequence. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF6C9D49CFAD0.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF6C9D49CFAD0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..68254ed539a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF6C9D49CFAD0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + +Subgenus + +Pareuodynerus +Blüthgen, 1938 + + + + + + + + + + +Pareuodynerus +Blüthgen, 1938: 278 + + +, subgenus of “ + +Euodynerus +Blüthgen + +” [= + +Euodynerus +Dalla Torre + +]. +Type +species: + +Vespa notata +Jurine, 1807 + +, by original designation. + + + + + + +Leionotus +de Saussure, 1852: 121 + + +(in key to 5 subgenera); de Saussure 1853: 151, subgenus of + +Odynerus +Latreille + +(86 species). Junior homonym of + +Leionotus +Kirby & Spence, 1828 + +. +Type +species: + +Odynerus foraminatus +de Saussure, 1853 + +, by subsequent designation of + +Bohart (1951: 887) + +. + + + + + + +Incolepipona +Giordani Soika, 1994: 246 + + +(key), 225, subgenus of + +Euodynerus +Dalla Torre. + +Type +species: + +Euodynerus convergens +Giordani Soika, 1994 + +, by original designation and monotypy. +Syn. nov. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF7ABD618FC4B.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF7ABD618FC4B.xml index 31d92e9266a..3a62c53f167 100644 --- a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF7ABD618FC4B.xml +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621D9A2B89FDF7ABD618FC4B.xml @@ -1,65 +1,65 @@ - - - -The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) - - -Author + + +Author -Selis, Marco -Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy - - -Author + + +Author -Fateryga, Alexander V. -T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia - - -Author + + +Author -Cilia, Giovanni -CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2024 - -2024-11-08 + +2024 + +2024-11-08 - -5537 + +5537 - -2 + +2 - -151 -194 + +151 +194 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 -1175-5326 -14239439 -8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 - + Euodynerus ( @@ -100,15 +100,12 @@ Blüthgen, 1951 ♂ — “Süd-Morea; - Peloponnes ; Attika ” ( ZMB -[examined]) - -. +[examined]). diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621F9A2989FDF44BD7F5FCB7.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621F9A2989FDF44BD7F5FCB7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9967d4d93aa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621F9A2989FDF44BD7F5FCB7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +semisaecularis +( +Dalla Torre, 1889 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 8G–M +; +14H +; +15O +; +16M +) + + + + + +Odynerus humeralis +André, 1884: 701 + +, +♀ +— +[ +Uzbekistan +] “Turkestan (Tachkend)” (ZMB [examined]). Junior primary homonym of + +O. humeralis +Haliday + +in + +Curtis +et al. +1836 + +. + + + +Odynerus semisaecularis +Dalla Torre, 1889: 125 + +. Replacement name. + + + +Euodynerus macedonicus +Blüthgen, 1951a: 172 + +, 195, +♀ +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +[ +Greece +] “Salonike” ( +holotype +female ZMB [examined]). + + + + +Distribution. +Ranging from the Balkan Peninsula in the West to +China +in the East, descending into the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula and +Pakistan +( + +Fateryga +et al. +2021 + +). + + + + +Notes. +The western subspecies + +macedonicus +Blüthgen + +( +Figs 8G, H +) was differentiated by the reduced yellow pattern only and was therefore synonymized by + +Fateryga +et al. +(2021) + +. The genetic data presented here further confirm the synonymy, since specimens ranging from +Greece +to Central Asia do not present any genetic distance ( +Fig. 2 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621F9A2B89FDF692D5D9FDEC.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621F9A2B89FDF692D5D9FDEC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fe8d3fb6de2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D621F9A2B89FDF692D5D9FDEC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,422 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + + +Euodynerus +( +Euodynerus +) +variegatus +( +Fabricius, 1793 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 9A–H +; +14I +) + + + + + + + +Vespa variegata +Fabricius, 1793: 269 + + +— +“Barbaria” (female, ZMUC). + + + + + + +Odynerus crenatus +Lepeletier, 1841: 629 + + +, +♀ +, +♂ +— +[ +Algeria +] “Oran” (coll. +Lepeletier +,? MNHN). + + + + +Odynerus rhynchiformis +de Saussure, 1853: 154 + +(“ +rhyngiformis +” [!] in key), 174, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Leionotus + +) +— +“ +Le Cap de Bonne-Espérance +” (MNHN). + + + + + +Odynerus andrei +Mocsáry, 1883: 50 + + +, +♀ +(in subgenus + +Leionotus + +) +— +“in Hispania ad Granadam” (HNHM). + + + + + +Odynerus punicus +Gribodo + +in +André 1886: 874, +♂ +— +locality not stated (MSNG) [ +The +description of + +Odynerus punicus +Gribodo + +, “n. sp.” from +Tunisia +in + +Gribodo (1896: 13) + +is identical to that published by +André +]. + + + + + + +Odynerus crenatus +var. +krügeri +von Schulthess, 1928: 71 + + +(key), 77, +♀ +, +♂ +— +“ +Cyrenaica +: +Bengasi +” (ZMUZ,? OUMNH). +Syn. nov. + + + + + + +Pseudepipona unica +Giordani Soika, 1953: 249 + + +, +♂ +(in subgenus + +Euodynerus + +) +— +[ +Morocco +] “ +Immouzer +” (? +type +lost). + + + + + +Distribution. +Southern and Western Mediterranean species, occurring in North Africa, the Levant, the Iberian Peninsula, southern +France +and southern +Italy +, including +Sardinia +and +Sicily +( +Gusenleitner 2013 +; present data). + + + + +Notes. +von Schulthess (1928) +described the subspecies +kruegeri +as a variety of + +E. variegatus + +(under the synonym + +Odynerus crenatus + +) characterized by the more or less orange markings, replacing the usual black and yellow pattern of the nominotypical subspecies ( +Fig. 9B +). The status of this subspecies has not been questioned by any of the few researchers who cited it after its description ( +Giordani Soika 1935 +; +Gusenleitner 1997 +, +2013 +; + +Ma +et al. +2017 + +), but the examination of some specimens showed how the separation from the nominotypical subspecies is not supported by any morphological character and the differences in the pattern are rather gradual and present intermediate forms. DNA barcoding of +six specimens +of the nominotypical subspecies (from Lampedusa, Sardinia, +Morocco +, and +Tunisia +) and four of the subspecies +kruegeri +(from +Egypt +and +Israel +) revealed a genetic distance of 8.56–10.70% (average 9.27%) between the two subspecies, and of 3.98% between the Sardinian and North African (including Lampedusa) specimens of the nominotypical subspecies ( +Fig. 2 +). These percentages of intraspecific variability produce an average intraspecific distance of 5.65%, which is slightly higher than that observed in other species of the subgenus + +Euodynerus + +(0.00–3.47%, excluding the complex case of + +E. dantici + +). However, this intraspecific distance is still well below the average interspecific distance of 29.82% observed in + +Euodynerus + +s. str. +and is not accompanied by any morphological character supporting the separation of the two subspecies: + +E. variegatus kruegeri + +is therefore synonymized under the nominotypical subspecies. + + + +FIGURE 9. A–H +, + +Euodynerus variegatus +(Fabricius) + +. +A +, +E–F +, female from Morocco. +B +, +H +, female from Egypt ( + +E. variegatus kruegeri +(von Schulthess) + +, +syn. nov. +). +C +, +G +, female from Israel ( + +E. variegatus kruegeri +(von Schulthess) + +, +syn. nov. +). +D +, male from Sardinia, Italy. +I–M +, + +Euodynerus velutinus +Blüthgen. +I + +, male from Azerbaijan, +J +, +L +, male from Greece. +K +, female from Greece. +M +, female from Dagestan, Russia. + + + + +Euodynerus variegatus + +has often been differentiated from the similar + +E. disconotatus + +by the presence of a complete and broad pale band on scutellum, which is usually divided into two lateral spots in + +E. disconotatus + +. Although this is true in southern Europe and North Africa, specimens of the former subspecies +kruegeri +from the Levant do not always conform to the rule: a particularly dark female from Nahal Abuv Natural Reserve ( +Fig. 9C +) only has two small and barely visible red spots on the sides of the scutellum. However, this variability does not pose problems in the recognition of the two species, whose ranges meet in the Levant, as they are readily differentiated by morphological characters and in those areas + +E. variegatus + +presents red-orange markings, while + +E. disconotatus + +maintains its more or less pale-yellow pattern. + + + +Ma +et al. +(2017) + +and subsequently + +Tan +et al. +(2018) + +report + +E. variegatus + +as present in +China +with the subspecies +kruegeri +, without providing any precise locality data. + +Euodynerus variegatus + +is a strictly Mediterranean species, with its distribution limited to the Levant, North Africa and the western part of Southern Europe, its presence in +China +is improbable and here considered erroneous. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/66/70/C866706D622A9A1E89FDF243D29BF954.xml b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D622A9A1E89FDF243D29BF954.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..04200010a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/66/70/C866706D622A9A1E89FDF243D29BF954.xml @@ -0,0 +1,652 @@ + + + +The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) + + + +Author + +Selis, Marco +Via dei Tarquini, 22 - 01100 Viterbo, Italy + + + +Author + +Fateryga, Alexander V. +T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki Str. 24, Kurortnoye, 298188 Feodosiya, Russia + + + +Author + +Cilia, Giovanni +CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-08 + + +5537 + + +2 + + +151 +194 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.1 +1175-5326 +14239439 +8A7AF43F-0E83-48A0-950E-0716CDC753A6 + + + + + + +Key to the species of + +Euodynerus + +occurring in Europe and the Maghreb + + + + + + + + + +1. S2 step-like in lateral view, with a basal vertical face sharply delimited by transverse ridge which is strongly projecting in the middle (Fig. 15A); surface of S2 shallowly but distinctly depressed just behind transverse ridge (Fig. 15A). Propodeum without +dorsal carinae ( +Fig. 15F +). Vestiture of head, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma made of long and wavy setae, reaching up to three ocellar diameters in length ( +Fig. 15J +)............................................................. 2 + + + + +- Characters not combined as above. S2 usually evenly convex in lateral view and with a basal furrow in the middle ( +Figs 15B, C, E +); if step-like, then basal transverse ridge broadly interrupted in the middle by longitudinal furrow and not projecting as above ( +Fig. 15D +); surface of S2 usually not depressed in lateral view (depressed as above only in + +E. caspicus + +). Propodeal carinae and vestiture variable, but never combined as above (e.g. if propodeum without dorsal carinae, then vestiture not made of long and wavy setae) ( +Figs 15G–I, K–O +).......................................................................... 3 + + + + + + +2. Disc of clypeus entirely flattened and not depressed above apex; apical margin wider than interantennal space, subtruncate in female and deeply emarginate in male ( +Figs 4C–E +). Punctures on mesosoma finer and denser and with densely micropunctate interspaces, giving matte appearance. Scutellum with subtriangular lateral spots (absent in + +ssp. +puniceus + +), metanotum entirely black and metasoma with at least five tergites with apical yellow band (only two with ferruginous band in + +ssp. +puniceus + +); wings with orange tinge in basal half and slightly infuscate apical half ( +Figs 4A, B +). Female: cephalic foveae placed in barely differentiated circular area, narrower than ocellar triangle (cf. +Fig. 15X +).................. + + +E. +( +E. +) +bidentatus +(Lepeletier) + + + + + + +- Disc of clypeus convex, with small shallowly depressed area above apex; apical margin narrower than interantennal space, shallowly but distinctly emarginate ( +Fig. 11D +). Punctures on mesosoma larger and sparser and with scattered micropunctures in interspaces, giving shiny appearance. Scutellum entirely black, metanotum with wide yellow band covering its upper half and metasoma with only three ( +♀ +) or four ( +♂ +) apical bands; wings entirely hyaline with subtle grayish-brown tinge ( +Fig. 11A +). Female: cephalic foveae placed in clearly differentiated elliptical area, wider than ocellar triangle (cf. +Figs 15U–W +)............................................................................. + + +E. +( +P. +) +bidentiformis +(Giordani Soika) + + + + + + + + +3. Dorsal carinae of propodeum forming sharp lamellar tooth on medial end, adjacent to disc of metanotum ( +Fig. 15G +). Metanotum with posterior margin of dorsal face finely denticulate and evenly rounded, margin complete or at most narrowly interrupted ( +Fig. 15P +). Male: apical segment of mid and hind tarsi variably darkened but always contrasting with yellowish preceding segments, and variably widened ( +Figs 15R, S +). Female: cephalic foveae placed in clearly differentiated elliptical area, wider than ocellar triangle ( +Figs 15U–W +)....................................................................... 4 + + + + +- Dorsal carinae of propodeum variable, from absent ( +Fig. 15H +) to complete but not forming distinct tooth and widely separated from metanotum ( +Fig. 15I +). Metanotum with posterior margin of dorsal face coarsely denticulate and laterally raised, margin usually depressed and interrupted in middle ( +Fig. 15Q +). Male: tarsi of all legs entirely ferruginous-yellow and not widened, apical segment not contrasting with preceding ones ( +Fig. 15T +). Female: cephalic foveae placed in barely differentiated circular area, narrower than ocellar triangle ( +Fig. 15X +), or mixed with surrounding punctures ( +Fig. 15Y +)....................... 8 + + + + + + +4. S +2 in +lateral view abruptly convex basally, almost forming short vertical face separated from rest of sternite by shallow fold narrowly interrupted in middle ( +Fig. 15B +).................................................................. 5 + + + + +- S +2 in +lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, basal third of sternite somewhat depressed in middle ( +Fig. 15C +)...... 6 + + + + + + +5. Gena and vertex strongly developed, in dorsal view gena much longer than dorsal lobe of eye ( +Fig. 15V +). Apical lamella of T1 shorter, almost linear in middle and barely reaching one puncture diameter on sides; punctures of T2 becoming sparser apically ( +Figs 11B, C +). Vestiture of head and mesosoma, including base of legs, longer and wavier, reaching up to three ocellar diameters in length (cf. +Fig. 15J +). Light markings extensive and bright yellow, with at least four bands on tergites ( +Figs 11B, C +)............................................................................. + + +E. +( +P. +) +bidentoides +(Giordani Soika) + + + + + + +- Gena and vertex normally developed, in dorsal view gena as long as dorsal lobe of eye ( +Fig. 15W +). Apical lamella of T1 longer, well visible in middle and exceeding one puncture diameter on sides; punctures of T2 forming denser preapical band ( +Figs 13K, M +). Vestiture of head and mesosoma shorter and stiffer, not reaching two ocellar diameters in length (cf. +Fig. 15L +). Light markings reduced and orange-red, with only three bands on tergites (third band laterally abbreviated) ( +Figs 15K, M +).............................................................................. + + +E. +( +P. +) +rubrosignatus +Gusenleitner + + + + + + + + +6. Vestiture of mesosoma long and wavy, exceeding two ocellar diameters in length ( +Fig. 15K +)................................................................................................... + + +E. +( +P. +) +quadrifasciatus +(Fabricius) + + + + + + +- Vestiture of mesosoma short and straight, brush-like, not exceeding one ocellar diameter in length ( +Fig. 15L +)............ 7 + + + + + + +7. Clypeus more finely and sparsely punctate, interspaces on disc always exceeding puncture diameter in length ( +Figs 12D–G +). Pronotal carina weakly lamellate. Propodeum always entirely black, tibiae usually marked with black at least on inner face. Male: clypeus more convex basally than apically, with long free apical part and clearly emarginate apical margin ( +Figs 12D, E +); mandible with basalmost tooth similar to other teeth, outer surface mostly black with yellow basal triangle ( +Fig. 16A +); apical segment of mid and hind tarsi black and distinctly widened ( +Fig. 15R +)......................... + + +E. +( +P. +) +notatus +(Jurine) + + + + + + +- Clypeus more coarsely and densely punctate, interspaces on disc mostly not exceeding puncture diameter in length ( +Figs 12J, K +). Pronotal carina strongly lamellate. Propodeum usually largely marked with yellow (yellow markings reduced in northeastern populations), tibiae entirely yellow with ferruginous inner face. Male: clypeus evenly convex from base to apex, with very short free apical part and subtruncate apical margin ( +Fig. 12J +); mandible with basalmost tooth larger and perpendicular to axis of other teeth, outer surface almost entirely yellow ( +Fig. 16B +); apical segment of mid and hind tarsi reddish-brown and not markedly widened ( +Fig. 15S +)............................................... + + +E. +( +P. +) +posticus +(Herrich-Schaeffer) + + + + + + + + +8. S2 step-like in lateral view, with basal vertical face sharply delimited by bulging transverse ridge widely interrupted in the middle; surface of S2 shallowly but distinctly depressed just behind transverse ridge ( +Fig. 15D +). Tegula with scattered deep punctures on whole surface and strongly pointed posterior lobe ( +Fig. 16C +). Posterior horizontal face of T1 entirely orangeyellow, rarely with barely visible median dark line ( +Figs 4F, G +)........................... + + +E. +( +E. +) +caspicus +(Morawitz) + + + + + + +- S2 more or less evenly convex in lateral view, without basal transverse ridge; surface of S2 not depressed ( +Fig. 15E +). Tegula impunctate or with coarser punctures and less pointed posterior lobe ( +Figs 16D–G +). Posterior horizontal face of T1 at least with well-developed longitudinal black band, usually with semicircular or pentagonal large black area basally................ 9 + + + + + + +9. Posterior lobe of tegula with dense coarse punctures, usually deep but still well-evident even when shallow ( +Figs 16D, E +). Dorsal side of mesosoma with very sparse and fine dust-like pubescence, almost bare ( +Fig. 15M +). Clypeus with coarse and dense longitudinal striae in female, with finer striae and elongate punctures in male ( +Figs 6I–O +; +8D–F +)................ 10 + + + + +- Posterior lobe of tegula smooth or with few scattered fine punctures, visible only under incident light ( +Figs 16F, G +). Vestiture of dorsal side of mesosoma variable, dust-like and sparse (cf. +Fig. 15M +), long and brush-like ( +Fig. 15N +) or with scattered bent setae ( +Fig. 15O +). Clypeus with fine and sparse longitudinal striae intermixed with punctures in female (in + +E. disconotatus + +with some scattered coarser striae), without striae and with rounded punctures in male ( +Figs 5D–H +; +7E–H; 7L–O +; +8J–M +; +9D–H, L, M +)................................................................................................ 11 + + + + + + +10. Apical margin of clypeus subtruncate ( +Figs 8D–F +). Outer margin of tegula distinctly bent in posterior half, becoming almost perpendicular to longitudinal axis of body ( +Fig. 16D +). Apical translucent margin of T2 longer and shallowly reflexed ( +Fig. 16H +). Female: clypeus as wide as long ( +Figs 8E, F +); F1 and part of F2 usually reddish; ventral side of metasoma largely yellow with reduced black markings...................................................... + + +E. +( +E. +) +hellenicus +Blüthgen + + + + + + +- Apical margin of clypeus shallowly but distinctly emarginate ( +Figs 6I–O +). Outer margin of tegula evenly rounded in posterior half ( +Fig. 16E +). Apical translucent margin of T2 very narrow and linear, barely developed ( +Fig. 16I +) (rarely longer and shallowly reflexed in male specimens). Female: clypeus longer than wide ( +Figs 6K–O +); flagellum entirely black dorsally; ventral side of metasoma largely black with lateral yellow spots........................................... + + +E. +( +E. +) +dantici +(Rossi) + + + + + + + + +11. Dorsal side of mesosoma with dense erect setae, brush-like ( +Fig. 15N +).......................................... 12 + + + + +- Dorsal side of mesosoma with dust-like pubescence (cf. +Fig. 15M +), only in + +E. semisaecularis + +with sparse apically bent erect setae ( +Fig. 15O +)..................................................................................... 13 + + + + + + +12. Punctures on mesepisternum arranged in longitudinal series, with interspaces forming irregular parallel striae. Male: apical margin of clypeus with deep semi-circular emargination, apical teeth acute and their distance equal to interantennal space ( +Fig. 9L +); hind femur angularly expanded on base of hind margin ( +Fig. 16J +). Female: apical margin of clypeus deeply emarginate; clypeus black or with small markings on basal corners ( +Fig. 9M +)........................... + + +E. +( +E. +) +velutinus +Blüthgen + + + + + + +- Punctures on mesepisternum not arranged in series, interspaces forming irregular reticulation. Male: apical margin of clypeus shallowly emarginate, apical teeth more or less right-angled and their distance wider than interantennal space ( +Figs 5D, E +); hind femur not expanded, hind margin entirely straight ( +Fig. 16K +). Female: apical margin of clypeus subtruncate; clypeus with broad basal yellow markings to almost entirely yellow ( +Figs 15F–H +)............................ + + +E. +( +E. +) +curictensis +Blüthgen + + + + + + + + +13. Tegula narrower and with more or less evenly curved outer margin, with few scattered fine punctures ( +Fig. 16F +). Male: S6 and S7 with erect setae, either long or short ( +Figs 16L, M +). Female: cephalic foveae placed in differentiated area with shiny and smooth surface ( +Fig. 15X +)............................................................................. 14 + + + + +- Tegula wider and with outer margin more strongly rounded in posterior half, almost smooth ( +Fig. 16G +). Male: S6 and S7 with dust-like pubescence, some very short oblique setae at apex only ( +Fig. 16N +). Female: cephalic foveae not placed in differentiated area, mixed with surrounding punctures ( +Fig. 15Y +).............................................. 15 + + + + + + +14. Dorsal side of mesosoma almost bare, with very sparse dust-like pubescence (cf. +Fig. 15M +). Male: clypeus longer than wide, with deep and dense punctures ( +Fig. 7L +); S6 and S7 with long erect setae on whole surface ( +Fig. 16L +). Female: face with short pubescence around antennal insertions not reaching bottom of ocular sinus.............. + + +E. +( +E. +) +fastidiosus +(de Saussure) + + + + + + +- Dorsal side of mesosoma with sparse apically bent setae in addition to dust-like pubescence ( +Fig. 15O +). Male: clypeus about as long as wide, with shallow sparse punctures ( +Figs 8J, K +); S6 and S7 with short setae on apical half only ( +Fig. 16M +). Female: face with long dense pubescence in whole lower half and reaching bottom of ocular sinus................................................................................................... + + +E. +( +E. +) +semisaecularis +(Dalla Torre) + + + + + + + + +15. Mesoscutum with subquadrate yellow marking in front of scutellum ( +Fig. 7C +), usually absent in males ( +Fig. 7B +) (present in Eastern populations, +Fig. 7A +) and rarely reduced in females ( +Fig. 7D +); scutellum usually with two separate subtriangular spots ( +Figs 7B–D +) (broad band in populations from Asia, +Fig. 7A +); metanotum with broad yellow band covering dorsal half ( +Figs 7A–D +). Male: clypeus as long as wide with apical margin as wide as interantennal distance, surface with sparse but clearly visible punctures ( +Fig. 7E +). Female: clypeus coarsely punctate and with some longitudinal striae, apical carinae mixed with coarse sculpture and not well-evident ( +Figs 7F–H +)............................... + + +E. +( +E. +) +disconotatus +(Lichtenstein) + + + + + + +- Mesoscutum entirely black ( +Figs 9A–C +); scutellum usually with wide band covering most of its surface ( +Figs 9A, B +) (reduced to spots or absent in populations from the Levant, which have red markings, +Fig. 9C +); metanotum at most with irregular band along transverse carina ( +Figs 9A–C +). Male: clypeus longer than wide with apical margin narrower than interantennal distance, surface microsculpted with very fine punctures visible only at high magnification ( +Fig. 9D +). Female: clypeus finely and sparsely punctate, at most with scattered microstriation between punctures, apical carinae not mixed with sculpture and well visible ( +Figs 9E–H +)......................................................... + + +E. +( +E. +) +variegatus +(Fabricius) + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file