Add updates up until 2024-12-19 21:37:23

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<mods:title id="4B4CC538C1784C5B7CCFD641B863E405">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE27AE757C1F90CFFED04F437C72B2BD">Feldman, Tracy S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C351EB25BDCE4A6112E7C96C74FD5EB">5306 Pelham Road, Durham, NC 27713, U. S. A. tracysfeldman @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5939 - 6810</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D38962C4942339BED051706715734136">276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114 &amp; PBEE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U. S. A. Current address: P. O. Box 252, Blue River, OR 97413, U. S. A. mike. palmer @ okstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1452 - 2152 &amp; 276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF54DE80FDE14F95" ID-CoL="48RRQ" authority="(Thunberg)" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[151,518,1157,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF54DE80FE894FAA" bold="true" box="[151,366,1157,1184]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Odontota dorsalis</emphasis>
(Thunberg)
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(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC0FFB7FF5CDEACFF1A4FCE" box="[159,253,1193,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC0FFB7FECADEACFEB64FC9" box="[265,337,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 6774" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-81@27.[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 6774. Leaf mines of Odontota spp.; 67: O. dorsalis on Amorpha fruticosa (upper surface in transmitted light); 68: same (lower surface in reflected light, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right); 69: O. floridana on Tephrosia virginiana (leaflet almost completely mined out); 70: same (larva in newly established secondary mine); 71: O. horni on Desmodium illinoense; 72: lower surface of same mine, with three eggs visible (two along midrib and one at lower left); 73: O. scapularis on Apios americana; 74: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387892/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">6768</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC0FFB7FE9EDEAFFE6F4FCE" box="[349,392,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 142161" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,185,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@51.[151,1435,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 142161. Chrysomelidae adults; 142: Octotoma marginicollis; 143: O. plicatula; 144: Odontota dorsalis; 145: O. floridana; 146: O. horni; 147: O. scapularis; 148: Stenopodius cf. lateralis; 149: Sumitrosis ancoroides (reared from Stylosanthes biflora); 150: S. ancoroides (reared from Strophostyles helvola); 151: S. inaequalis; 152: S. pallescens; 153: S. rosea (reared from Hylodesmum glutinosum); 154: S. rosea (reared from Laportea canadensis); 155: S. rosea (another individual reared from same collection of L. canadensis leaves); 156: S. rosea (reared from Celastrus orbiculatus); 157: Oulema palustris; 158: Altica cf. lazulina; 159: Dibolia borealis; 160: D. chelones; 161: D. melampyri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387934/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">144</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFC0FFB7FF54DEF7FF114E72" blockId="26.[151,1437,1265,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF54DEF7FE904E01" bold="true" box="[151,375,1265,1292]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC0FFB7FEBCDEF7FCBB4E25" collectingDate="2019-06-23" collectingDateMax="2019-07-04" collectingDateMin="2019-06-23" collectionCode="T" county="Moore Co." location="Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preserve" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC0FFB7FEBCDEF7FD9C4E06" box="[383,635,1266,1292]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC0FFB7FD44DEF7FCE34E06" box="[647,772,1266,1292]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Moore Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC0FFB7FCD2DEF4FAF64E06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC0FFB1FF54DE80FBE449C7:9D7561A6FFC0FFB7FCD2DEF4FAF64E06" box="[785,1297,1265,1292]" county="Moore Co." name="Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preserve" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="North Carolina">Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preserve</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC0FFB7FADEDEF4FA7F4E01" box="[1309,1432,1265,1291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2019-06-23">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC0FFB7FADEDEF4FA7F4E01" box="[1309,1432,1265,1291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2019-06-23">23.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC0FFB7FF0ADF10FEDA4E25" box="[201,317,1301,1327]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2019-07-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC0FFB7FF0ADF10FEDA4E25" box="[201,317,1301,1327]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2019-07-04">4.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC0FFB7FE89DF13FEB84E3A" box="[330,351,1302,1328]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T</collectionCode>
.S. Feldman, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FDD0DF10FD4B4E25" box="[531,684,1301,1327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FDD0DF10FD4B4E25" box="[531,684,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Robinia nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BG 1681363)
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;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC0FFB7FCAADF13FF154E72" collectingDate="2016-10-01" collectingDateMax="2016-11-01" collectingDateMin="2016-10-01" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="Helen W. Buckner Memorial Preserve &amp; C. S. Eiseman" location="West Haven" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="CSE3062" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Vermont">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC0FFB7FCAADF13FC104E3A" box="[873,1015,1302,1328]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">VERMONT</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC0FFB7FBC1DF10FBBC4E25" box="[1026,1115,1301,1327]" country="United Kingdom" name="Rutland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rutland</collectingRegion>
Co.,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC0FFB7FB59DF13FAC14E3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC0FFB1FF54DE80FBE449C7:9D7561A6FFC0FFB7FB59DF13FAC14E3A" box="[1178,1318,1302,1328]" name="West Haven" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Vermont">West Haven</location>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC0FFB7FAF0DF10FE3D4E5E" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Helen W. Buckner Memorial Preserve</collectorName>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC0FFB7FE2BDF3CFDAB4E59" box="[488,588,1337,1363]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2016-10-01">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC0FFB7FE2BDF3CFDAB4E59" box="[488,588,1337,1363]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2016-10-01">1.x.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC0FFB7FD4EDF3CFD1F4E59" box="[653,760,1337,1363]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2016-11-01">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC0FFB7FD4EDF3CFD1F4E59" box="[653,760,1337,1363]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2016-11-01">1.xi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC0FFB7FCC4DF3FFC444E59" box="[775,931,1337,1364]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FC16DF3CFB4D4E5E" box="[981,1194,1337,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FC16DF3CFB4D4E5E" box="[981,1194,1337,1364]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amorpha fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC0FFB7FB0BDF3CFAD44E59" box="[1224,1331,1337,1363]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">CSE3062</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC0FFB7FA8BDF3FFA7F4E59" box="[1352,1432,1337,1364]" count="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC0FFB7FF54DF5BFF0D4E72" box="[151,234,1374,1400]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC0FFB7FF04DF87FD144EB5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1265,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF04DF87FE5D4E91" bold="true" box="[199,442,1409,1436]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Photographed mine.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC0FFB7FE02DF87FD084EB5" collectingDate="2024-06-09" collectorName="W. Jegla" country="Lebanon" latitude="40.31983" location="Lebanon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.17982" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1">
PENNSYLVANIA:
<collectingCountry id="E0BD77EDFFC0FFB7FD61DF84FCE34E91" box="[674,772,1409,1435]" name="Lebanon" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC0FFB7FC82DF87FC5C4E96" box="[833,955,1410,1436]" degrees="40.319832" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="1" value="40.31983">40.319832</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC0FFB7FC05DF84FBAE4E91" box="[966,1097,1409,1435]" degrees="76.179816" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" precision="1" value="-76.17982">-76.179816</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC0FFB7FB97DF84FB264E91" box="[1108,1217,1409,1435]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2024-06-09">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC0FFB7FB97DF84FB264E91" box="[1108,1217,1409,1435]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2024-06-09">9.vi.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC0FFB7FB0FDF87FAC94E91" box="[1228,1326,1409,1436]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">W. Jegla</collectorName>
, eggs and young mine
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFC0FFB7FEE0DFA3FDFA4ECA" box="[291,541,1446,1472]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FE85DFA3FDFA4ECA" box="[326,541,1446,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Wisteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FE85DFA3FDFA4ECA" box="[326,541,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Wisteria frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
(iNat 221684177)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC0FFB1FF04DFCFFD1B498F" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC0FFB7FF04DFCFFAAA4C7A" blockId="26.[151,1437,1265,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF04DFCFFEF64EEE" bold="true" box="[199,273,1482,1508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FEDFDFCCFE6E4EE9" box="[284,393,1481,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FE54DFCCFD894EEE" box="[407,622,1481,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FE54DFCCFD894EEE" box="[407,622,1481,1508]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amorpha fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD60DFCCFB9F4EE9" authority="(Dum. Cours.) Rudd" authorityName="Rudd" baseAuthorityName="Dum. Cours." box="[675,1144,1481,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cladrastis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kentukea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FD60DFCCFC604EE9" box="[675,903,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cladrastis kentukea</emphasis>
(Dum.Cours.) Rudd
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FB45DFCCFAF04EE9" box="[1158,1303,1481,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="max">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FB45DFCCFAF04EE9" box="[1158,1303,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Glycine max</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Merr.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF54DFE8FCAA4D0D" authority="(A. C. Rosenthal &amp; Bermann) Dippel" authorityName="Dippel" baseAuthorityName="A. C. Rosenthal &amp; Bermann" box="[151,845,1517,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Laburnum" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="watereri">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF54DFE8FE744D0D" box="[151,403,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laburnum × watereri</emphasis>
(A.C. Rosenthal &amp; Bermann) Dippel
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FC9EDFEBFDA84D21" authority="(Willd.) Maesen &amp; S. M. Almeida ex Sanjappa &amp; Predeep" authorityName="Sanjappa &amp; Predeep" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="montana" variety="lobata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FC9EDFEBFBC84D0D" box="[861,1071,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pueraria montana</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FBADDFE8FB514D0D" box="[1134,1206,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">lobata</emphasis>
(Willd.) Maesen &amp; S.M. Almeida ex Sanjappa &amp; Predeep
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD9FDC14FCF74D21" box="[604,784,1553,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FD9FDC14FCF74D21" box="[604,784,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Robinia hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FC81DC17FC524D21" box="[834,949,1553,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FC81DC17FC524D21" box="[834,949,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FC31DC17FB344D26" authority="(Elliott) DC." authorityName="DC." baseAuthorityName="Elliott" box="[1010,1235,1553,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
*
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FBC3DC17FBDF4D21" box="[1024,1080,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nana</emphasis>
(Elliott) DC.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FB22DC17FA7B4D21" box="[1249,1436,1553,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoacacia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FB22DC17FA7B4D21" box="[1249,1436,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. pseudoacacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF7DDC30FE044D45" box="[190,483,1589,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Styphnolobium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF7DDC30FE044D45" box="[190,483,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Styphnolobium japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Schott (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FDB0DC30FCD54D5A" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[627,818,1589,1616]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="20 - 24" refId="ref44442" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1897) Notes on certain species of Coleoptera that attack useful plants. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology Bulletin, 9, 20 - 24." type="journal article" year="1897">Chittenden 1897</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FCFEDC33FC9F4D5A" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[829,888,1590,1616]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FC47DC30FBC24D5A" author="Wheeler, A. G." box="[900,1061,1589,1616]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref48962" refString="Wheeler, A. G. (1980) Japanese pagodatree: a host of locust leafminer, Odontota dorsalis (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 34 (1), 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1980">Wheeler 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FBF2DC30FAF24D5A" author="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F." box="[1073,1301,1589,1616]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref45423" refString="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F. (1985) Biology and larval descriptions of some Maryland Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (1), 36 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Ford &amp; Cavey 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FAE3DC30FEC44D79" author="Wheeler, A. G. &amp; Snook, W. A." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="521 - 530" refId="ref49064" refString="Wheeler, A. G. &amp; Snook, W. A. (1986) Biology of Sumitrosis rosea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a leafminer of black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia (Leguminosae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88 (3), 521 - 530." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler &amp; Snook 1986</bibRefCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FE17DC5CFD4D4D7E" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[468,682,1625,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FDD8DC5FFDB34D79" box="[539,596,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, other fabaceous plants from which this species has been reported include “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF3DDC7BFEAB4D92" box="[254,332,1662,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF3DDC7BFEAB4D92" box="[254,332,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FEA4DC78FD984D9D" box="[359,639,1661,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amphicarpaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FEA4DC78FD984D9D" box="[359,639,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicarpaea bracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Fernald,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FCDCDC78FC0C4D9D" box="[799,1003,1661,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypogaea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FCDCDC78FC0C4D9D" box="[799,1003,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Arachis hypogaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FBD8DC7BFB004D9D" box="[1051,1255,1661,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cercis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FBD8DC7BFB004D9D" box="[1051,1255,1661,1688]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cercis canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FAD5DC78FF3E4DB6" authority="Desv." authorityName="Desv." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FAD5DC78FA7B4D9D" box="[1302,1436,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Desmodium</emphasis>
Desv.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF24DCA4FE3F4DB1" box="[231,472,1697,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gleditsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triacanthos">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF24DCA4FE3F4DB1" box="[231,472,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gleditsia triacanthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FDC9DCA4FC974DB1" authority="Medik." authorityName="Medik." box="[522,880,1697,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Laburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anagyroides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FDC9DCA4FCF54DB1" box="[522,786,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laburnum anagyroides</emphasis>
Medik.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FCBEDCA4FBDD4DB1" box="[893,1082,1697,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FCBEDCA4FBDD4DB1" box="[893,1082,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Medicago sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FBAEDCA4FADB4DB1" box="[1133,1340,1697,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lunatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FBAEDCA4FADB4DB1" box="[1133,1340,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phaseolus lunatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FAB3DCA7FF144DD5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FAB3DCA7FF144DD5" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P.? vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (“bean”),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FE4EDCC0FDB94DD5" box="[397,606,1733,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FE4EDCC0FDB94DD5" box="[397,606,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trifolium pratense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD02DCC3FBEA4DD5" authority="Nutt. Staines (2006)" authorityName="Nutt. Staines" authorityYear="2006" box="[705,1037,1733,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Wisteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FD02DCC3FCF94DD5" box="[705,798,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Wisteria</emphasis>
Nutt.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FCAADCC0FBEA4DD5" author="Staines, C. L." box="[873,1037,1733,1759]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref48340" refString="Staines, C. L. (2006) The Hispine Beetles of America North of Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Virgina Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 13, 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="2006">Staines (2006)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
lists all of these except
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FAE6DCC0FEE14C09" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FAE6DCC0FA7F4DD5" box="[1317,1432,1733,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Medicago</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF54DCECFEE54C09" box="[151,258,1769,1795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trifolium</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FEFDDCEFFE7C4C09" authorityName="Nutt. Staines" authorityYear="2006" box="[318,411,1770,1795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Wisteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FEFDDCEFFE7C4C09" box="[318,411,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Wisteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as larval hosts, but we have reviewed all of the references cited by Staines and have found no evidence to support this. The photographs cited above do appear to show eggs and a young mine of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FAF1DD08FF164C41" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FAF1DD08FF164C41" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Odontota dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FEDCDD37FE104C46" box="[287,503,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Wisteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FEDCDD37FE104C46" box="[287,503,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Wisteria frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Poir., but further investigation is needed to confirm that larvae can complete development on this host. Adults have been found on a variety of other, unrelated plants (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FBBCDD50FAA54C7A" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1151,1346,1877,1904]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FB05DD53FB194C65" box="[1222,1278,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC0FFB6FF04DD7CFEB64A17" blockId="26.[151,1437,1265,2012]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF04DD7CFEC04C99" bold="true" box="[199,295,1913,1939]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Biology.</emphasis>
Oviposition (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC0FFB7FE01DD7CFDF34C9E" box="[450,532,1913,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) and leaf mines (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC0FFB7FD1BDD7CFC874C99" box="[728,864,1913,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 6774" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-81@27.[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 6774. Leaf mines of Odontota spp.; 67: O. dorsalis on Amorpha fruticosa (upper surface in transmitted light); 68: same (lower surface in reflected light, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right); 69: O. floridana on Tephrosia virginiana (leaflet almost completely mined out); 70: same (larva in newly established secondary mine); 71: O. horni on Desmodium illinoense; 72: lower surface of same mine, with three eggs visible (two along midrib and one at lower left); 73: O. scapularis on Apios americana; 74: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387892/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 6768</figureCitation>
) were described by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FB80DD7CFAF74C9E" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[1091,1296,1913,1940]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittenden (1902)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FA84DD7FFEBD4CBD" author="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="172 - 186" refId="ref48829" refString="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K. (1967) Larval mine characteristics of five species of leaf-mining insects in black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 60 (1), 172 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 60.1.172" type="journal article" year="1967">Weaver &amp; Dorsey (1967)</bibRefCitation>
. It is generally agreed that this and all other eastern hispines are univoltine (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FB71DD98FA704CB2" author="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F." box="[1202,1431,1949,1976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref45423" refString="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F. (1985) Biology and larval descriptions of some Maryland Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (1), 36 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Ford &amp; Cavey 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FF54DDC4FE464CD1" author="Wheeler, A. G. &amp; Snook, W. A." box="[151,417,1985,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="521 - 530" refId="ref49064" refString="Wheeler, A. G. &amp; Snook, W. A. (1986) Biology of Sumitrosis rosea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a leafminer of black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia (Leguminosae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88 (3), 521 - 530." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler &amp; Snook 1986</bibRefCitation>
), and by all accounts the larvae of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FCDEDDC4FC004CD1" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[797,999,1985,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FCDEDDC4FC004CD1" box="[797,999,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Odontota dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are normally present between June and August. Our observation of a feeding larva on 1 October, which emerged as an adult on 1 November, is therefore exceptional. This is by far the latest we have found an active hispine leaf mine in New
<collectingCountry id="E0BD77EDFFC1FFB6FB94DABEFB504BDF" box="[1111,1207,187,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">England</collectingCountry>
, the runner-up being a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FF6ADADAFE864BF2" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[169,353,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sumitrosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FF6ADADAFE864BF2" box="[169,353,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sumitrosis rosea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva that was found in Massachusetts on 13 September and emerged as an adult on 22 September (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC1FFB6FF5CDB06FEA24A17" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[159,325,259,285]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="CCD567F5FFC1FFB6FF54DD15FAFA4CB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14387892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387892/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,264,1808,1832]" targetBox="[151,1435,309,1785]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC1FFB6FF54DD15FAFA4CB2" blockId="27.[151,1437,1808,1977]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FF54DD15FEB14C22" bold="true" box="[151,342,1808,1832]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 6774.</emphasis>
Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FE3BDD15FD6A4C22" box="[504,653,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FE3BDD15FDBF4C22" box="[504,600,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Odontota</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FD59DD15FD5C4C22" bold="true" box="[666,699,1808,1832]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">67:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FD07DD14FCD04C22" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[708,823,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FD07DD14FCD04C22" box="[708,823,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FCA1DD15FBC54C22" box="[866,1058,1808,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FCA1DD15FBC54C22" box="[866,1058,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amorpha fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(upper surface in transmitted light);
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FF54DD31FF5E4C46" bold="true" box="[151,185,1844,1868]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">68:</emphasis>
same (lower surface in reflected light, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right);
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FBA7DD31FB614C46" bold="true" box="[1124,1158,1844,1868]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">69:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FB4CDD30FAE94C46" box="[1167,1294,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FB4CDD30FAE94C46" box="[1167,1294,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O. floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FAFADD31FEE74C7A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tephrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FAFADD31FEE74C7A" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tephrosia virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(leaflet almost completely mined out);
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FD64DD5DFD2E4C7A" bold="true" box="[679,713,1880,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">70:</emphasis>
same (larva in newly established secondary mine);
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FB30DD5DFAF24C7A" bold="true" box="[1267,1301,1880,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">71:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FADCDD5CFA9E4C7A" box="[1311,1401,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FADCDD5CFA9E4C7A" box="[1311,1401,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O. horni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FF54DD79FE9E4C9E" box="[151,377,1916,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illinoense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FF54DD79FE9E4C9E" box="[151,377,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Desmodium illinoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FE45DD79FE4F4C9E" bold="true" box="[390,424,1916,1940]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">72:</emphasis>
lower surface of same mine, with three eggs visible (two along midrib and one at lower left);
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FA9FDD79FA9A4C9E" bold="true" box="[1372,1405,1916,1940]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">73:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FA47DD78FEE64CB2" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FA47DD78FEE64CB2" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O. scapularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC1FFB6FEE4DDA4FE344CB2" box="[295,467,1953,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apios" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FEE4DDA4FE344CB2" box="[295,467,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Apios americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC1FFB6FE22DDA5FDE54CB2" bold="true" box="[481,514,1952,1976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">74:</emphasis>
lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC6FFB1FF04DA93FD1B498F" blockId="28.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF04DA93FEB34BBA" bold="true" box="[199,340,150,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FEA2DA92FD0A4BBB" authority="Cushman" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1933" box="[353,749,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Alophosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliicola">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FEA2DA92FD914BBB" box="[353,630,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Alophosternum foliicola</emphasis>
Cushman
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCEDDA92FBAA4BBB" authority="(Harris)" baseAuthorityName="Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[814,1101,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scambus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCEDDA92FC0F4BBB" box="[814,1000,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Scambus hispae</emphasis>
(Harris)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FBA2DA92FAF64BBB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1121,1297,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
) have been reared from larvae and pupae of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FDC5DABEFD364BDF" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[518,721,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FDC5DABEFD364BDF" box="[518,721,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Odontota dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FD23DABEFC8D4BDF" author="Harris, T. W." box="[736,874,186,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref46207" refString="Harris, T. W. (1835) Art. IX. - Upon the economy of some American species of Hispa. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 141 - 151." type="journal article" year="1835">Harris 1835</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FCB5DABEFB644BDF" author="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K." box="[886,1155,186,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="933 - 934" refId="ref48769" refString="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K. (1965) Parasites and predators associated with five species of leaf-mining insects in black locust. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58 (6), 933 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 58.6.933 a" type="journal article" year="1965">Weaver &amp; Dorsey 1965</bibRefCitation>
). A species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FAE6DABEFF174BF3" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FAE6DABEFA7B4BDF" box="[1317,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Telenomus</emphasis>
Haliday
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FEC3DADAFE454BF3" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[256,418,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FE27DADAFCDB4BF3" authority="Riley" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1871" box="[484,828,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FE27DADAFD114BF2" box="[484,758,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Trichogramma minutum</emphasis>
Riley
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FC8FDADAFBCB4BF3" box="[844,1068,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichogrammatidae</taxonomicName>
) have been reared from its eggs (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FF5CDB06FEA44A17" author="Howard, L. O." box="[159,323,258,285]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="117 - 118" refId="ref46663" refString="Howard, L. O. (1885) On the parasites of Odontota suturalis. Entomologica Americana, 1, 117 - 118." type="journal article" year="1885">Howard 1885</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FE97DB06FD954A17" author="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K." box="[340,626,258,285]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="933 - 934" refId="ref48769" refString="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K. (1965) Parasites and predators associated with five species of leaf-mining insects in black locust. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58 (6), 933 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 58.6.933 a" type="journal article" year="1965">Weaver &amp; Dorsey 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FD48DB06FC414A17" authority="Walsh" authorityName="Walsh" box="[651,934,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Conura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifrons">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FD48DB06FCB64A17" box="[651,849,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Conura albifrons</emphasis>
Walsh
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FC74DB06FB584A17" authority="(Cresson)" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[951,1215,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Conura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delumbis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FC74DB06FBA44A17" box="[951,1091,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. delumbis</emphasis>
(Cresson)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FAC5DB06FF164A4B" authority="Howard" authorityName="Howard" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Conura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odontotae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FAC5DB06FA7B4A17" box="[1286,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. odontotae</emphasis>
Howard
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FEC1DB22FE6C4A4B" box="[258,395,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
) have all been reared from its pupae (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FC86DB22FC014A4B" author="Howard, L. O." box="[837,998,294,321]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="117 - 118" refId="ref46663" refString="Howard, L. O. (1885) On the parasites of Odontota suturalis. Entomologica Americana, 1, 117 - 118." type="journal article" year="1885">Howard 1885</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FC37DB22FB884A4B" author="Poos, F. W." box="[1012,1135,295,321]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="742 - 745" refId="ref47487" refString="Poos, F. W. (1940) The locust leaf miner as a pest of soybean. Journal of Economic Entomology, 33 (5), 742 - 745. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 33.5.742" type="journal article" year="1940">Poos 1940</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FBBFDB22FA774A4B" author="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K." box="[1148,1424,294,321]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="933 - 934" refId="ref48769" refString="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K. (1965) Parasites and predators associated with five species of leaf-mining insects in black locust. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58 (6), 933 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 58.6.933 a" type="journal article" year="1965">Weaver &amp; Dorsey 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF54DB4EFE394A6F" authority="(Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,478,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uroplatae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DB4EFE8D4A6F" box="[151,362,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pnigalio uroplatae</emphasis>
(Howard)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FE2FDB4EFD884A6F" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[492,623,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) was described from a single male, reared from a larva observed feeding externally on a larva of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FE6EDB6AFD024A83" authority="(Howard 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[429,741,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FE6EDB6AFDCC4A83" box="[429,555,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">O. dorsalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FDFFDB6AFD3A4A83" author="Howard, L. O." box="[572,733,366,393]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="117 - 118" refId="ref46663" refString="Howard, L. O. (1885) On the parasites of Odontota suturalis. Entomologica Americana, 1, 117 - 118." type="journal article" year="1885">Howard 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FD31DB6AFC474A83" author="Howard, L. O." box="[754,928,366,393]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="117 - 118" refId="ref46663" refString="Howard, L. O. (1885) On the parasites of Odontota suturalis. Entomologica Americana, 1, 117 - 118." type="journal article" year="1885">Howard (1885)</bibRefCitation>
referred to another eulophid reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FA42DB6AFF164AA7" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FA42DB6AFF164AA7" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">O. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf mines, which he did not describe but provisionally referred to as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FBC8DB96FA724AA6" box="[1035,1429,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Derostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus" subGenus="Closterocerus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FBC8DB96FA724AA6" box="[1035,1429,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Derostenus (Closterocerus) primus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is a nomen nudum (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FE72DBB2FDCA4ADB" author="Peck, O." box="[433,557,439,465]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 1092" refId="ref47378" refString="Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Canadian Entomologist (Supplement), 30, 1 - 1092. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 9530 fv" type="journal article" year="1963">Peck 1963</bibRefCitation>
); the other entedonines recorded as reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FB92DBB2FB294ADB" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1105,1230,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FB92DBB2FB294ADB" box="[1105,1230,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">O. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FAC3DBB2FE774AFF" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctipennis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FAC3DBB2FEF94AFE" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Closterocerus cinctipennis</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
(from eggs),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FDEDDBDEFCAA4AFF" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[558,845,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifasciatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FDEDDBDEFD284AFF" box="[558,719,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. trifasciatus</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
(from pupae), and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FBEFDBDEFA7A4AFF" authority="(Gahan)" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1068,1437,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucculatricis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FBEFDBDEFAD04AFF" box="[1068,1335,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pediobius bucculatricis</emphasis>
(Gahan)
</taxonomicName>
(from larvae and pupae) (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FE6CDBFAFD5C4913" author="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K." box="[431,699,510,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="933 - 934" refId="ref48769" refString="Weaver, J. E. &amp; Dorsey, C. K. (1965) Parasites and predators associated with five species of leaf-mining insects in black locust. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58 (6), 933 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 58.6.933 a" type="journal article" year="1965">Weaver &amp; Dorsey 1965</bibRefCitation>
). The record of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCAADBFAFB794913" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" box="[873,1182,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicincta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCAADBFAFBD74913" box="[873,1072,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Omphale bicincta</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
from this host is based on specimens collected “[o]n Locust leaves infested by
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCD4D826FC044937" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[791,995,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCD4D826FC044937" box="[791,995,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Odontota dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC6FFB1FBD4D826FB554937" box="[1047,1202,547,573]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
and identified as
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FA42D826FA7B4937" box="[1409,1436,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">O.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF67D842FEEE496B" box="[164,265,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">bicinchis</emphasis>
Ashm.” (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FEB7D842FDFF496B" author="Hopkins, A. D." box="[372,536,583,609]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="171 - 251" refId="ref46529" refString="Hopkins, A. D. (1893) Catalogue of West Virginia forest and shade tree insects. West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 32, 171 - 251. https: // doi. org / 10.33915 / agnic. 32" type="journal article" year="1893">Hopkins 1893</bibRefCitation>
); this wasp has never been reared, and as far as is known
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FB62D842FA87496B" box="[1185,1376,583,609]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FB62D842FAEF496B" box="[1185,1288,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Omphale</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have gall midges (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FEEBD86EFE32498F" box="[296,469,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
) as hosts (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FD89D86EFD08498F" author="Hansson, C." box="[586,751,619,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref46174" refString="Hansson, C. (1996) Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic species of Omphale Haliday (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement, 49, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1996">Hansson 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC6FFB1FF04D88AFBE449C7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC6FFB1FF04D88AFBE449C7" blockId="28.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF04D88AFEF649A3" bold="true" box="[199,273,655,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Notes.</emphasis>
Our barcoded specimen belongs to BIN BOLD:AAG4461. The nearest neighbor, differing by 3.6%, is BIN BOLD:ADF6942, which includes our specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCD5D8B6FC1B49C7" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[790,1020,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCD5D8B6FC1B49C7" box="[790,1020,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Odontota scapularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF54DBDFFDC54AFE" blockId="24.[151,546,474,537]" box="[151,546,474,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="C35D8011FFC2FFB5FF54DBDFFDC54AFE" bold="true" box="[151,546,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF54DBDFFDC54AFE" ID-CoL="435GV" authority="(Newman)" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[151,546,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF54DBDFFDC54AFE" bold="true" box="[151,546,474,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF54DBDFFE704AFF" bold="true" box="[151,407,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Microrhopala xerene</emphasis>
(Newman)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF54DBFAFE764913" blockId="24.[151,546,474,537]" box="[151,401,511,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC2FFB5FF5CDBFAFF1A4913" box="[159,253,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC2FFB5FECADBFAFEB64913" box="[265,337,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 5864" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 5864. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 58: M. laetula on Silphium laciniatum, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 59: other side of same leaf; 60: M. laetula on Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum; 61: M. vittata on Solidago sp.; 62: M. vittata on Solidago rugosa; 63: M. xerene on Symphyotrichum cordifolium; 64: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387884/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">6364</figureCitation>
, 141)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC2FFB5FF54D842FADB49A3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF54D842FADB49A3" blockId="24.[151,1437,582,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF54D842FE92496A" bold="true" box="[151,373,582,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC2FFB5FEBFD842FAD3498F" collectingDate="2014-09-02" collectingDateMax="2019-09-05" collectingDateMin="2014-09-02" collectionCode="MLBM, ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman &amp; J. A. Blyth &amp; Ashfield" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.68289" location="Rockport" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.624" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="CSE5854, CSE1388" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-adult="7" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC2FFB5FEBFD842FD88496B" box="[380,623,583,609]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC2FFB5FDBAD842FD5D496B" box="[633,698,583,609]" country="United Kingdom" name="Essex" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Essex</collectingRegion>
Co.,
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,
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,
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,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC2FFB5FB42D842FAED496B" box="[1153,1290,583,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2019-08-11">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC2FFB5FB42D842FAED496B" box="[1153,1290,583,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2019-08-11">11.viii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC2FFB5FA85D842FEE4498F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2019-08-26" valueMax="2019-09-05" valueMin="2019-08-26">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC2FFB5FA85D842FEE4498F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2019-08-26" valueMax="2019-09-05" valueMin="2019-08-26">26.viii 5.ix.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC2FFB5FED1D86EFE4C498F" box="[274,427,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC2FFB5FE16D86EFDAB498F" box="[469,588,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">J.A. Blyth</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FDBDD86EFC21498F" box="[638,966,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FDBDD86EFC21498F" box="[638,966,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Symphyotrichum cordifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC2FFB5FC27D86FFBA8498F" box="[996,1103,618,645]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CSE5854</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC2FFB5FBA2D86EFB27498F" box="[1121,1216,619,645]" count="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="adult">6 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC2FFB5FB0ED86EFACF498F" box="[1229,1320,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC2FFB5FAFED86EFADE49A3" collectingDate="2014-09-02" collectingDateMax="2019-09-05" collectingDateMin="2014-09-02" collectionCode="MLBM, ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman &amp; J. A. Blyth &amp; Ashfield" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.68289" location="Rockport" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.624" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="CSE5854, CSE1388" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-adult="7" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC2FFB5FAFED86EFF2649A3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC2FFB5FF08D88AFEC949A3" box="[203,302,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ashfield</collectorName>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC2FFB5FEF9D88AFE4149A3" box="[314,422,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2014-09-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC2FFB5FEF9D88AFE4149A3" box="[314,422,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2014-09-02">2.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC2FFB5FE21D88AFDBB49A3" box="[482,604,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2014-09-19">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC2FFB5FE21D88AFDBB49A3" box="[482,604,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2014-09-19">19.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC2FFB5FDABD88AFCE549A3" box="[616,770,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FCECD88AFC0C49A3" box="[815,1003,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FCECD88AFC0C49A3" box="[815,1003,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Symphyotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC2FFB5FBC4D88AFB9549A3" box="[1031,1138,655,681]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CSE1388</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC2FFB5FB47D88AFB3549A3" box="[1156,1234,655,681]" count="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC2FFB5FB1ED88AFAD749A3" box="[1245,1328,655,681]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC2FFB5FF04D8B6FD914C9F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF04D8B6FEC9488B" blockId="24.[151,1437,582,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF04D8B6FEF649C7" bold="true" box="[199,273,691,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FEDAD8B6FE7F49C7" box="[281,408,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FE67D8B6FD6749C7" box="[420,640,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Boltonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asteroides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FE67D8B6FD6749C7" box="[420,640,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Boltonia asteroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) LHér.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FCD7D8B6FBC549C7" box="[788,1058,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Sericocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asteroides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FCD7D8B6FBC549C7" box="[788,1058,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sericocarpus asteroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF54D8D2FEAE49FA" box="[151,329,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF54D8D2FEAE49FA" box="[151,329,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Solidago caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FEB6D8D2FDEA49FB" box="[373,525,727,753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FEB6D8D2FDEA49FB" box="[373,525,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FDFAD8D2FD0F49FB" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[569,744,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FDFAD8D2FD4749FA" box="[569,672,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. juncea</emphasis>
Aiton
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD31D8D2FB1349FB" authority="(Nees) G. L. Nesom" authorityName="G. L. Nesom" baseAuthorityName="Nees" box="[754,1268,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD31D8D2FBF649FB" box="[754,1041,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Symphyotrichum chilense</emphasis>
(Nees) G.L. Nesom
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FB3CD8D2FA7A49FB" box="[1279,1437,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FB3CD8D2FA7A49FB" box="[1279,1437,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. cordifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) G.L. Nesom,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FEA7D8FEFCE6481F" authority="(Willd.) G. L. Nesom" authorityName="G. L. Nesom" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[356,769,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FEA7D8FEFDEC481F" box="[356,523,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. lanceolatum</emphasis>
(Willd.) G.L. Nesom
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FCCDD8FEFC2C481F" box="[782,971,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novae-angliae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FCCDD8FEFC2C481F" box="[782,971,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. novae-angliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) G.L. Nesom,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FB63D8FEFF0E4833" authority="(Aiton) G. L. Nesom" authorityName="G. L. Nesom" baseAuthorityName="Aiton" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FB63D8FEFAE1481E" box="[1184,1286,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. patens</emphasis>
(Aiton) G.L. Nesom
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF36D91AFE994832" box="[245,382,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puniceum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF36D91AFE994832" box="[245,382,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. puniceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Á. Löve &amp; D. Löve (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FD60D91AFC854833" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[675,866,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittenden 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FCADD91AFC084833" author="Clark, S. M." box="[878,1007,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="597 - 618" refId="ref44587" refString="Clark, S. M. (1983) A revision of the genus Microrhopala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America north of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (4), 597 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4488" type="journal article" year="1983">Clark 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FC38D91AFB5A4833" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1019,1213,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FB82D91AFB9E4833" box="[1089,1145,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). Possibly not all of the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF02D946FE9A4857" box="[193,381,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF02D946FE9A4857" box="[193,381,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Symphyotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
records refer to larvae, but this genus is the preferred host in our experience and according to
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FF54D962FECC488B" author="Clark, S. M." box="[151,299,871,897]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="597 - 618" refId="ref44587" refString="Clark, S. M. (1983) A revision of the genus Microrhopala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America north of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (4), 597 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4488" type="journal article" year="1983">Clark (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF04D98EFD6C4F3F" blockId="24.[151,1437,582,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
The record of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FEAFD98EFCEF48AF" authority="(Mill.) Nees" authorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityName="Mill." box="[364,776,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Doellingeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FEAFD98EFD9348AF" box="[364,628,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Doellingeria umbellata</emphasis>
(Mill.) Nees
</taxonomicName>
given by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FCBED98EFBD648AF" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[893,1073,906,933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">Eiseman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
and repeated by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FB3BD98EFA7B48AF" author="Staines, C. L." box="[1272,1436,906,933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref48377" refString="Staines, C. L. (2015) Catalog of the hispines of the world. Available from: https: // naturalhistory. si. edu / research / entomology / collections-overview / coleoptera / catalog-hispines-world (accessed 23 January 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Staines (2015)</bibRefCitation>
referred to a failed rearing; the mine (including egg placement) was consistent with those from which we have since reared
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF26D9D6FE8848E6" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[229,367,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF26D9D6FE8848E6" box="[229,367,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the same host, and the larva had the sclerotized body parts dark brown to black rather than testaceous as should be the case for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FDFAD9F2FD4D4F1A" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[569,682,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FDFAD9F2FD4D4F1A" box="[569,682,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FC8AD9F2FBA44F1B" author="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F." box="[841,1091,1014,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref45423" refString="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F. (1985) Biology and larval descriptions of some Maryland Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (1), 36 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Ford &amp; Cavey (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, so we consider this record to represent a misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FE38DE1EFD634F3E" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[507,644,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FE38DE1EFD634F3E" box="[507,644,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF04DE3AFEA64FCF" blockId="24.[151,1437,582,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FF04DE3AFE054F53" author="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W." box="[199,482,1087,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="835 - 839" refId="ref45728" refString="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W. (1974) The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia chamissonis, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 3 (5), 835 - 839. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 3.5.835" type="journal article" year="1974">Goeden &amp; Ricker (1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FE32DE3AFDD04F53" author="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W." box="[497,567,1087,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1169 - 1177" refId="ref45959" refString="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W. (1976 c) The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia psilostachya, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 5 (6), 1169 - 1177. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 5.6.1169" type="journal article" year="1976">1976c</bibRefCitation>
) reported
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD72DE3AFC464F52" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[689,929,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD72DE3AFC464F52" box="[689,929,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Microrhopala xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FC2FDE3AFAA04F53" authority="Greene" authorityName="Greene" box="[1004,1351,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissonis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FC2FDE3AFB0C4F53" box="[1004,1259,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ambrosia chamissonis</emphasis>
Greene
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FA47DE3AFEBD4F77" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilostachya">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FA47DE3AFEC44F77" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. psilostachya</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
in southern
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC2FFB5FE2BDE66FDBA4F77" box="[488,605,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
. Although these records were repeated by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FB83DE66FAF44F77" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1088,1299,1123,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FB45DE66FB274F77" box="[1158,1216,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FA88DE66FF034FAB" author="Staines, C. L." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref48377" refString="Staines, C. L. (2015) Catalog of the hispines of the world. Available from: https: // naturalhistory. si. edu / research / entomology / collections-overview / coleoptera / catalog-hispines-world (accessed 23 January 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Staines (2015)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF37DE82FE804FAA" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[244,359,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF37DE82FE804FAA" box="[244,359,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC2FFB5FD8ADE82FD5C4FAB" box="[585,699,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
and the records in fact refer to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FBF9DE82FEDA4FCF" authority="(Mannerheim) (Staines 2015)" authorityName="Staines" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Mannerheim" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrolineata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FBF9DE82FB174FAB" box="[1082,1264,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. rubrolineata</emphasis>
(Mannerheim) (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FF5CDEAEFED24FCF" author="Staines, C. L." box="[159,309,1194,1221]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref48377" refString="Staines, C. L. (2015) Catalog of the hispines of the world. Available from: https: // naturalhistory. si. edu / research / entomology / collections-overview / coleoptera / catalog-hispines-world (accessed 23 January 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Staines 2015</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF04DECBFC214E73" blockId="24.[151,1437,582,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF04DECBFEC04FE2" bold="true" box="[199,295,1230,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Biology.</emphasis>
The leaf mines (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC2FFB5FE2CDECAFD9E4FE3" box="[495,633,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 5864" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 5864. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 58: M. laetula on Silphium laciniatum, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 59: other side of same leaf; 60: M. laetula on Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum; 61: M. vittata on Solidago sp.; 62: M. vittata on Solidago rugosa; 63: M. xerene on Symphyotrichum cordifolium; 64: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387884/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 6364</figureCitation>
) were described by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FCA5DECAFBD14FE3" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[870,1078,1231,1257]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittenden (1902)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FBB1DECAFACD4FE3" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[1138,1322,1230,1257]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">Eiseman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. Eggs are deposited singly or in clusters in pits chewed on the lower leaf surface, typically away from the leaf margin, and coated in dark, liquid excrement as in other
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FDBADF12FC8C4E3B" box="[633,875,1303,1329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FDBADF12FCF24E3B" box="[633,789,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Microrhopala</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC2FFB5FCBADF12FC2C4E3B" box="[889,971,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FC1DDF12FB4D4E3B" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[990,1194,1303,1329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittenden (1902)</bibRefCitation>
reported one instance of an egg cluster being deposited on the upper leaf surface. Pupation takes place in a circular, blisterlike swelling in which the ceiling and floor are thickly plastered with long strips of frass.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF04DF87FD914C9F" blockId="24.[151,1437,582,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF04DF87FEB34E96" bold="true" box="[199,340,1410,1436]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
All of the parasitoid records for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD10DF86FC254E96" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[723,962,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD10DF86FC254E96" box="[723,962,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Microrhopala xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are derived from
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FB57DF86FA824E97" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[1172,1381,1411,1437]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittenden (1902)</bibRefCitation>
, and some of them are problematic. The
<typeStatus id="471189DFFFC2FFB5FDE1DFA2FDB54ECB" box="[546,594,1447,1473]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD7EDFA2FB6B4ECB" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[701,1164,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Oenonogastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microrhopalae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD7EDFA2FBEE4ECB" box="[701,1033,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Oenonogastra microrhopalae</emphasis>
(Ashmead)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FB59DFA2FAC74ECB" box="[1178,1312,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FAEBDFA2FA724ECB" baseAuthorityName="Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1320,1429,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Alysiinae">Alysiinae</taxonomicName>
) was composed of swept specimens plus one that Chittenden stated was “reared July 6 from a white cocoon in a mine of this beetle” (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FE4DDFEAFDA74D03" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[398,576,1519,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref43629" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead 1896</bibRefCitation>
). Evidently some mistake was made, since members of this subfamily are
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF54DC16FF0C4D27" box="[151,235,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
specialists that pupate within the host puparia; the other three recorded hosts of this wasp are all agromyzid flies (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FF1ADC32FEA64D5B" author="Yu, D. S. K." box="[217,321,1591,1617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref49205" refString="Yu, D. S. K. (2012) Taxapad. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com / (accessed 1 February 2017)." type="url" year="2012">Yu 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Chittenden reported “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD8DDC32FC624D5B" authority="Ashm." authorityName="Ashm." box="[590,901,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albitarsis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD8DDC32FCD64D5B" box="[590,817,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eurytoma albitarsis</emphasis>
Ashm.
</taxonomicName>
” from mines in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FB85DC32FB4D4D5B" box="[1094,1194,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FB85DC32FB4D4D5B" box="[1094,1194,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Solidago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but no such species was ever described, and we have yet to rear a eurytomid from any leafminer. Chittendens record of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FAC3DC5EFE754D93" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifasciatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FAC3DC5EFEF24D93" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Closterocerus trifasciatus</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FE62DC7AFDC34D93" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[417,548,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) from a mine in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD27DC7AFC164D93" box="[740,1009,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Sericocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asteroides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD27DC7AFC164D93" box="[740,1009,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sericocarpus asteroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not repeated by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FB21DC7AFA704D93" author="Hansson, C." box="[1250,1431,1663,1689]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref46090" refString="Hansson, C. (1994) Re-evaluation of the genus Closterocerus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of the Nearctic species. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25 (1), 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631294 X 00018" type="journal article" year="1994">Hansson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, but it is not particularly suspicious since
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FDACDCA6FCF74DB7" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[623,784,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifasciatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FDACDCA6FCF74DB7" box="[623,784,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. trifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely polyphagous. Chittenden himself expressed some doubt about the origin of his single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD33DCC2FB504DEB" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[752,1207,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Zagrammosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multilineatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD33DCC2FBAE4DEB" box="[752,1097,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zagrammosoma multilineatum</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FB06DCC2FAAC4DEB" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1221,1355,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
), based on the fact that this species was known to parasitize microlepidoptera and had not been observed to attack beetles. Given that we have reared
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FE0ADD0AFD634C23" box="[457,644,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Zagrammosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multilineatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FE0ADD0AFD634C23" box="[457,644,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Z. multilineatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD09DD0AFC9E4C23" box="[714,889,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD09DD0AFC9E4C23" box="[714,889,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Odontota horni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(below) and it has also been reared from a leaf-mining buprestid (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FEA0DD36FDB44C47" author="Perry, R. K. &amp; Heraty, J. M." box="[355,595,1843,1869]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref47421" refString="Perry, R. K. &amp; Heraty, J. M. (2021) Read between the lineata: A revision of the tattooed wasps, Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of eleven new species. Zootaxa, 4916 (1), 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4916.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Perry &amp; Heraty 2021</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FDA5DD36FD324C46" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[614,725,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FDA5DD36FD324C46" box="[614,725,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may well have been the true host of Chittendens wasp. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF54DD52FDAB4C7B" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,588,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Baryscapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microrhopalae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF54DD52FE204C7B" box="[151,455,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baryscapus microrhopalae</emphasis>
(Ashmead)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD9FDD52FD384C7B" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[604,735,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) was described from specimens Chittenden reared from dried larval skins of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FEFEDD7EFD964C9F" authority="(Ashmead 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[317,625,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FEFEDD7EFE4B4C9E" box="[317,428,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. xerene</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FE79DD7EFD8E4C9F" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[442,617,1915,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref43629" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
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<mods:location id="6F0DB6F1B3D51B365B8B8EF1212D2C98">
<mods:url id="B2540FFF802D02593A60AE5C1860509D">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="102409EB1900D48FBD2BC78A4F7C3CE5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1BECA21DC8CCB2FAB95DE09A4D7EC4BB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="579FA1641CEADCA2F19880A2F871215E" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA8576025295A3B756C381ADD16323FB" type="Zenodo-Dep">14387856</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="108AF7C3AE047A25045A38275EF62A18" type="ZooBank">81E6E742-1FE2-4480-AF93-3D92DF80A737</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1003866BFFC3FFB7FF54D9F2FB2D4F3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC3FFB7FF54D9F2FB2D4F3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFC3FFB7FF54D9F2FB2D4F3E" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC3FFB4FF54D9F2FDF74F1B" box="[151,528,1015,1042]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC3FFB4FF54D9F2FDF74F1B" blockId="25.[151,528,1015,1078]" box="[151,528,1015,1042]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="C35D8011FFC3FFB4FF54D9F2FDF74F1B" bold="true" box="[151,528,1015,1042]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FF54D9F2FDF74F1B" ID-CoL="48KZF" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[151,528,1015,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Octotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FF54D9F2FDF74F1B" bold="true" box="[151,528,1015,1042]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FF54D9F2FE994F18" bold="true" box="[151,382,1015,1042]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Octotoma plicatula</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC3FFB4FF54DE1EFE814F3F" box="[151,358,1051,1078]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC3FFB4FF54DE1EFE814F3F" blockId="25.[151,528,1015,1078]" box="[151,358,1051,1078]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC3FFB4FF5CDE1EFEC04F3C" box="[159,295,1051,1078]" captionStart="FIGURES 6566" captionStartId="26.[151,264,583,607]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,559]" captionTargetId="figure-24@26.[151,1435,181,559]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 6566. Leaf mines of Octotoma plicatula on Campsis radicans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387890/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs. 6566</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC3FFB4FEF0DE1EFEB94F3F" box="[307,350,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 142161" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,185,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@51.[151,1435,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 142161. Chrysomelidae adults; 142: Octotoma marginicollis; 143: O. plicatula; 144: Odontota dorsalis; 145: O. floridana; 146: O. horni; 147: O. scapularis; 148: Stenopodius cf. lateralis; 149: Sumitrosis ancoroides (reared from Stylosanthes biflora); 150: S. ancoroides (reared from Strophostyles helvola); 151: S. inaequalis; 152: S. pallescens; 153: S. rosea (reared from Hylodesmum glutinosum); 154: S. rosea (reared from Laportea canadensis); 155: S. rosea (another individual reared from same collection of L. canadensis leaves); 156: S. rosea (reared from Celastrus orbiculatus); 157: Oulema palustris; 158: Altica cf. lazulina; 159: Dibolia borealis; 160: D. chelones; 161: D. melampyri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387934/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">143</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC3FFB4FF54DE66FACB4FCC" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC3FFB4FF54DE66FACB4FCC" blockId="25.[151,1437,1123,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FF54DE66FE904F77" bold="true" box="[151,375,1123,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC3FFB4FE42DE66FCBF4FAB" collectingDate="2015-07-02" collectingDateMax="2015-07-21" collectingDateMin="2015-07-02" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Douglas Co." location="Baldwin Woods" municipality="Baldwin City" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="CSE1688" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-adult="6" stateProvince="Kansas">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC3FFB4FE42DE66FE124F77" box="[385,501,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">KANSAS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC3FFB4FDC1DE66FD754F77" box="[514,658,1123,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Douglas Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC3FFB4FD63DE66FCDE4F77" box="[672,825,1123,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Baldwin City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC3FFB4FC84DE66FC184F77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC3FFB7FF54D9F2FB2D4F3E:9D7561A6FFC3FFB4FC84DE66FC184F77" box="[839,1023,1123,1149]" county="Douglas Co." municipality="Baldwin City" name="Baldwin Woods" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Kansas">Baldwin Woods</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC3FFB4FBCFDE66FB674F74" box="[1036,1152,1123,1150]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-07-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC3FFB4FBCFDE66FB674F74" box="[1036,1152,1123,1150]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-07-02">2.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC3FFB4FB03DE66FAB84F74" box="[1216,1375,1123,1150]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-07-05" valueMax="2015-07-21" valueMin="2015-07-05">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC3FFB4FB03DE66FAB84F74" box="[1216,1375,1123,1150]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-07-05" valueMax="2015-07-21" valueMin="2015-07-05">521.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC3FFB4FAAFDE66FF1D4FAB" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FEEADE8DFE134FAB" box="[297,500,1159,1186]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Campsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FEEADE8DFE134FAB" box="[297,500,1159,1186]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campsis radicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC3FFB4FDD2DE82FD9C4FAB" box="[529,635,1159,1185]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">CSE1688</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC3FFB4FD4EDE82FD0E4FAB" box="[653,745,1159,1185]" count="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">6 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC3FFB4FD36DE82FCB74FAB" box="[757,848,1159,1185]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC3FFB4FCA7DE82FACF4FCC" collectingDate="2015-06-18" collectingDateMax="2015-07-10" collectingDateMin="2015-06-18" collectionCode="BG" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" location="Mehan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="BG 1086715" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC3FFB4FCA7DE82FBEB4FAB" box="[868,1036,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC3FFB4FBD4DE8DFB6A4FAB" box="[1047,1165,1159,1186]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC3FFB4FB59DE82FB0C4FAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC3FFB7FF54D9F2FB2D4F3E:9D7561A6FFC3FFB4FB59DE82FB0C4FAB" box="[1178,1259,1159,1185]" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" name="Mehan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Mehan</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC3FFB4FB34DE82FA7F4FA8" box="[1271,1432,1159,1186]" degrees="36.014339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="36.01434">36.014339° N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC3FFB4FF5DDEAEFEA34FCC" box="[158,324,1195,1222]" degrees="96.996744" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="-96.99674">96.996744° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC3FFB4FE8CDEAEFE2E4FCC" box="[335,457,1195,1222]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-06-18">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC3FFB4FE8CDEAEFE2E4FCC" box="[335,457,1195,1222]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-06-18">18.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC3FFB4FDC6DEAEFD604FCC" box="[517,647,1195,1222]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-07-10">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC3FFB4FDC6DEAEFD604FCC" box="[517,647,1195,1222]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-07-10">10.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC3FFB4FD50DEA9FCCE4FCF" box="[659,809,1195,1222]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FC95DEA9FBF84FCF" box="[854,1055,1195,1222]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Campsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FC95DEA9FBF84FCF" box="[854,1055,1195,1222]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campsis radicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC3FFB4FBF1DEAEFB674FCF" box="[1074,1152,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC3FFB4FB48DEAEFAC74FCC" box="[1163,1312,1195,1222]" collectionCode="BG" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15727" name="University of Bergen" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">BG 1086715</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC3FFB7FF04DECAFA9E48A9" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC3FFB4FF04DECAFAE74E3B" blockId="25.[151,1437,1123,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FF04DECAFEEA4FE3" bold="true" box="[199,269,1231,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FED2DECAFE434FE3" box="[273,420,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bignoniaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FE6FDED5FD804FE3" box="[428,615,1231,1258]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Campsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FE6FDED5FD804FE3" box="[428,615,1231,1258]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campsis radicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Bureau.Adults also feed on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FC74DECAFBF04FE3" authorityName="von Hoffmannsegg &amp; Link" authorityYear="1809" box="[951,1047,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FBE7DECAFAF04FE3" box="[1060,1303,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Chionanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginicus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FBE7DECAFAF04FE3" box="[1060,1303,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chionanthus virginicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FAFEDED5FEEF4E07" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FAFEDED5FEEF4E07" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fraxinus americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FEF7DEF1FDAA4E07" authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" box="[308,589,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FEF7DEF1FE014E07" box="[308,486,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">F. pennsylvanica</emphasis>
Marshall
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FD9ADEF1FC814E07" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[601,870,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangulata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FD9ADEF1FCF74E07" box="[601,784,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">F. quadrangulata</emphasis>
Michx.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FCB2DEF1FBD34E07" box="[881,1076,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Ligustrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FCB2DEF1FBD34E07" box="[881,1076,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ligustrum vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.), and have been reported from several other, unrelated plants, but these occurrences were likely incidental (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC3FFB4FC79DF12FBD24E3B" author="Clark, S. M." box="[954,1077,1303,1329]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref44640" refString="Clark, S. M. (2000) An annotated list of the leaf beetles of West Virginia (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae, Megalopodidae, Chrysomelidae exclusive of Bruchinae). Occasional Publications of the West Virginia Department of Agriculture, 1, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="2000">Clark 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC3FFB4FBFCDF12FB134E3B" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1087,1268,1303,1329]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FB43DF1DFB524E3B" box="[1152,1205,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC3FFB4FF04DF3EFEE84D03" blockId="25.[151,1437,1123,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FF04DF3EFEC04E5F" bold="true" box="[199,295,1339,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Biology.</emphasis>
Riley &amp; Enns (1979) state that “larvae, pupae and adults have been taken from trail mines” in leaves of trumpet creeper, and that the beetles seem to prefer partially shaded plants.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC3FFB4FC1FDF5AFB994E73" author="Staines, C. L." box="[988,1150,1375,1401]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref48305" refString="Staines, C. L. (1989) A revision of the genus Octotoma (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Hispinae). Insecta Mundi, 3 (1), 41 - 56." type="journal article" year="1989">Staines (1989)</bibRefCitation>
gives the following notes on biology: “This species forms tentiform mines. Excrement is accumulated as a black spot near the base of the leaf. Pupation occurs in the mine near the midrib. Adults make oblong holes in leaves.”
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC3FFB4FB90DFADFAC84ECB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1107,1327,1447,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Octotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC3FFB4FB90DFADFAC84ECB" box="[1107,1327,1447,1474]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Octotoma plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produces perhaps the most distinctive leaf mines of all North American hispines (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC3FFB4FC08DFCEFBB24EEC" box="[971,1109,1483,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 6566" captionStartId="26.[151,264,583,607]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,559]" captionTargetId="figure-24@26.[151,1435,181,559]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 6566. Leaf mines of Octotoma plicatula on Campsis radicans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387890/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs. 6566</figureCitation>
), and a clearer description is warranted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC3FFB4FF04DC16FC834CD7" blockId="25.[151,1437,1123,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
The egg is deposited in a pit chewed in the upper surface of a leaflet, centered on the midrib or a lateral vein and toward its distal end (i.e., near the leaflet apex or margin). It is sometimes adorned with excrement, and there is often a small cluster of adult feeding holes nearby. The larva mines basally, forming a track about
<quantity id="5F529A98FFC3FFB4FB15DC5EFAF04D7C" box="[1238,1303,1627,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide that is centered on the midrib or vein. Some mines are merely irregularly lobed along their length, but more often there are several branches of varying length, likewise about
<quantity id="5F529A98FFC3FFB4FD0EDCA6FCEA4DB4" box="[717,781,1699,1726]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, radiating out from this central track. These branches cross the lateral veins freely, but we observed just one instance of the midrib being crossed. This was in the apical half of a leaflet that was crowded with mines of
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC3FFB4FD7EDCEEFCA34C0F" box="[701,836,1771,1797]" count="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
, all originating from eggs laid on lateral veins to one side of the leaflet. Occasionally the branches are themselves forked. Frass tends to be concentrated toward the basal end of the main corridor, forming a diffuse dark patch, but brown streaks and strips are also dispersed throughout the branches, except sometimes for the last several millimeters, which then appear clean and whitish. Pupae from our
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC3FFB4FF07DD7EFEDE4C9F" box="[196,313,1915,1941]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
collection were found outside the mines, but normally pupation takes place in the dark central/basal area of the mine. Adults apparently eat holes in leaves that are still young and tender, but by July their feeding sign consists of oblong to elongate patches on the upper leaf surface.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CCD567F5FFC0FFB7FF54D842FC734955" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14387890" box="[151,916,583,607]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387890/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,264,583,607]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,559]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC0FFB7FF54D842FC734955" blockId="26.[151,916,583,607]" box="[151,916,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF54D842FEB34955" bold="true" box="[151,340,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURES 6566.</emphasis>
Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FE2ED84DFD564955" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[493,689,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Octotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FE2ED84DFD564955" box="[493,689,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Octotoma plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD14D84DFC694955" box="[727,910,583,607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Campsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FD14D84DFC694955" box="[727,910,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Campsis radicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC0FFB7FF04D888FA9E48A9" blockId="26.[151,1437,653,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF04D888FEB349AD" bold="true" box="[199,340,653,679]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
A male and female of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD8AD888FCEC49AD" authority="Schrank" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[585,779,653,679]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FD8AD888FD4E49AD" box="[585,681,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pnigalio</emphasis>
Schrank
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FCDBD888FC7C49AD" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[792,923,653,679]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged from mines of the
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC0FFB7FB14D88BFACF49A2" box="[1239,1320,654,680]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kansas</collectingRegion>
collection on
<date id="EC1411BDFFC0FFB7FF7ED8B7FE7C49C6" box="[189,411,689,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2015-07-07" valueMax="2015-07-13" valueMin="2015-07-07">7 and 13 July 2015</date>
(CSE1684, BMNH). The only parasitoid previously reported from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FB66D8B7FA6649C1" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1189,1409,689,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Octotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FB66D8B7FA6649C1" box="[1189,1409,689,716]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Octotoma plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF54D8D3FDBE49FA" authority="(Crawford) (Burks 1979)" authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,601,725,752]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF54D8D3FECE49E5" box="[151,297,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. maculipes</emphasis>
(Crawford) (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FE06D8D0FDB649FA" author="Burks, B. D." box="[453,593,725,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="967 - 1021" refId="ref44060" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Family Eulophidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (eds). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1: Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 967 - 1021." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but our specimens evidently represent a different species as their legs are immaculate (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FE9ED8FCFDC6481E" author="Yoshimoto, C. M." box="[349,545,761,788]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="971 - 1000" refId="ref49161" refString="Yoshimoto, C. M. (1983) Review of North American Pnigalio Schrank (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 115, 971 - 1000. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 115971 - 8" type="journal article" year="1983">Yoshimoto 1983</bibRefCitation>
). In his “material studied” section for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FC37D8FCFA7A4819" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[1012,1437,761,788]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifasciatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FC37D8FCFAFC481E" box="[1012,1307,761,788]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Closterocerus trifasciatus</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FF5CD918FEC2483D" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[159,293,797,823]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FEF5D91BFE004832" author="Hansson, C." box="[310,487,798,824]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref46090" refString="Hansson, C. (1994) Re-evaluation of the genus Closterocerus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of the Nearctic species. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25 (1), 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631294 X 00018" type="journal article" year="1994">Hansson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC0FFB7FDEDD91BFD52483D" box="[558,693,797,824]" count="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
“ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD24D918FC6F4832" box="[743,904,797,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Exephanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FD24D918FC87483D" box="[743,864,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Exephanes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, (as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FC7AD91BFB76483D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[953,1169,797,824]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Octatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FC7AD91BFB76483D" box="[953,1169,797,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Octatoma plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the label) on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FA85D91BFF1E4851" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tecoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FA85D91BFF1E4851" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tecoma radicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.” Species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FE57D944FD9B4851" authority="Wesmael" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1845" box="[404,636,833,859]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Exephanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FE57D944FDEA4851" box="[404,525,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Exephanes</emphasis>
Wesmael
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD4FD944FCDB4851" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[652,828,833,859]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
) are parasitoids of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FBD9D944FB6A4851" box="[1050,1165,833,859]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FB5DD944FACE4851" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1182,1321,833,859]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
) larvae in grass stems (G. Broad,
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FE5FD963FE3F4875" box="[412,472,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">in litt</emphasis>
.), so it is unclear how Hansson concluded that this was the host if the specimens were labeled as having been reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FDE4D98FFD4A48A9" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[551,685,905,932]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Octatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FDE4D98FFD4A48A9" box="[551,685,905,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on [
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FD23D98FFCA748AE" box="[736,832,906,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Campsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FD23D98FFCA748AE" box="[736,832,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Campsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FC92D98CFC5448A9" box="[849,947,905,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tecoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FC92D98CFC5448A9" box="[849,947,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">radicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we are inclined to believe the label.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC0FFB7FF04D9ABFB2D4F3E" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC0FFB7FF04D9ABFB2D4F3E" blockId="26.[151,1437,653,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FF04D9ABFEF648C2" bold="true" box="[199,273,942,968]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Notes.</emphasis>
In Central America, several other hispines are known to form mines with similar radiating channels, including
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FEC9D9D4FD8648E1" authority="(Baly)" baseAuthorityName="Baly" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[266,609,977,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Octhispa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematopyga">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FEC9D9D4FDE848E1" box="[266,527,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Octhispa haematopyga</emphasis>
(Baly)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FDACD9D4FC4D48E1" authority="Chapuis" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1877" box="[623,938,977,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Uroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptilis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FDACD9D4FCA548E1" box="[623,834,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Uroplata sculptilis</emphasis>
Chapuis
</taxonomicName>
, and a species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC0FFB7FBBBD9D4FA8748E6" authority="Weise. In" authorityName="Weise. In" box="[1144,1376,977,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Probaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC0FFB7FBBBD9D4FB0A48E1" box="[1144,1261,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Probaenia</emphasis>
Weise. In
</taxonomicName>
each of these species, the larva constructs a chamber beneath the egg, covers the dorsal surface with frass, and makes channels radiating out from it, ultimately pupating in the chamber (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC0FFB7FC44DE1CFB5A4F3E" author="Hespenheide, H. A. &amp; Dang, V." box="[903,1213,1049,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 389" refId="ref46336" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. &amp; Dang, V. (1999) Biology and ecology of leaf-mining Hispinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. In: Cox, M. L. (ed). Advances in Chrysomelidae Biology 1. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 375 - 389." type="book chapter" year="1999">Hespenheide &amp; Dang 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,65 +1,65 @@
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC4FFB3FF04DC32FEF64D5B" bold="true" box="[199,273,1591,1617]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC4FFB3FED4DC32FE634D5B" box="[279,388,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
@ -304,7 +310,7 @@ on
</taxonomicName>
, mines were found on cotyledons as well as on full-sized leaves. Frass is in scattered, minute, elongate pellets, forming a denser, dark patch adjacent to the egg. The larva is yellowish and the pupa is orange. Adults “window-feed” in irregular patches on the lower leaf surface, leaving the upper epidermis intact.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC4FFB3FF04DDC7FA7B4CD7" blockId="30.[151,1437,1302,2013]" box="[199,1436,1986,2013]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC4FFB2FF04DDC7FA684BDF" blockId="30.[151,1437,1302,2013]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC4FFB3FF04DDC7FEB34CD6" bold="true" box="[199,340,1986,2012]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
An adult
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@ -315,8 +321,6 @@ sp.
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC4FFB3FDA2DDC6FD034CD7" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[609,740,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged from one of the mines collected in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC4FFB3FB31DDC6FA7B4CD7" box="[1266,1436,1987,2013]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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(CSE3893, BMNH). An adult of
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC5FFB2FDD7DA92FCDC4BBB" box="[532,827,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chrysocharis occidentalis</emphasis>
@ -338,6 +342,8 @@ on
</taxonomicName>
(CSE1822, BMNH).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC5FFB2FF04DADAFEF64BF3" bold="true" box="[199,273,223,249]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Notes.</emphasis>
This is the first record of

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<mods:part id="FAD1ACBA283109C9EBFD9678C8308580">
<mods:date id="A7504738965373001165D47D0F569F63">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CD057805D3A6275E4E46E5747258F8EF">2024-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6DF399299E749232DC26DE5D591ECBEB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="87007563C3AE05A0EEA8558BB5914950">5549</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="014BF2E0E54874040AA79923F4E99CA2">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3563C107AEBD9F9F2C45A6C911C4B2F3">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="CB82F71B50AD8691BF9A27D132EB8248">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="28FEEF0949B07957E8D13D496062377C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B098F789E311D1BAC699A00529A898C9" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7340CE60165AAA3E2C9768A56D498570" type="Zenodo-Dep">14387856</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2FC3C6CE10E5F32A2DEC44D75BF58894" type="ZooBank">81E6E742-1FE2-4480-AF93-3D92DF80A737</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC6FFB1FF54DECBFE434FE2" box="[151,420,1230,1257]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC6FFB1FF54DECBFE434FE2" blockId="28.[151,442,1230,1293]" box="[151,420,1230,1257]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="C35D8011FFC6FFB1FF54DECBFE434FE2" bold="true" box="[151,420,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF54DECBFE434FE2" ID-CoL="48RRT" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[151,420,1230,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DECBFE434FE2" bold="true" box="[151,420,1230,1257]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DECBFEB54FE3" bold="true" box="[151,338,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Odontota horni</emphasis>
Smith
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC6FFB1FF54DEF6FE5D4E07" box="[151,442,1267,1293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC6FFB1FF54DEF6FE5D4E07" blockId="28.[151,442,1230,1293]" box="[151,442,1267,1293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC6FFB1FF5CDEF6FEC04E07" box="[159,295,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 1718</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC6FFB1FEF0DEF6FE9B4E07" box="[307,380,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 6774" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-81@27.[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 6774. Leaf mines of Odontota spp.; 67: O. dorsalis on Amorpha fruticosa (upper surface in transmitted light); 68: same (lower surface in reflected light, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right); 69: O. floridana on Tephrosia virginiana (leaflet almost completely mined out); 70: same (larva in newly established secondary mine); 71: O. horni on Desmodium illinoense; 72: lower surface of same mine, with three eggs visible (two along midrib and one at lower left); 73: O. scapularis on Apios americana; 74: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387892/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">7172</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC6FFB1FE44DEF6FE554E07" box="[391,434,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 142161" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,185,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@51.[151,1435,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 142161. Chrysomelidae adults; 142: Octotoma marginicollis; 143: O. plicatula; 144: Odontota dorsalis; 145: O. floridana; 146: O. horni; 147: O. scapularis; 148: Stenopodius cf. lateralis; 149: Sumitrosis ancoroides (reared from Stylosanthes biflora); 150: S. ancoroides (reared from Strophostyles helvola); 151: S. inaequalis; 152: S. pallescens; 153: S. rosea (reared from Hylodesmum glutinosum); 154: S. rosea (reared from Laportea canadensis); 155: S. rosea (another individual reared from same collection of L. canadensis leaves); 156: S. rosea (reared from Celastrus orbiculatus); 157: Oulema palustris; 158: Altica cf. lazulina; 159: Dibolia borealis; 160: D. chelones; 161: D. melampyri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387934/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">146</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC6FFB1FF54DF3EFBC24C23" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC6FFB1FF54DF3EFD584DEB" blockId="28.[151,1437,1338,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DF3EFDE24E5E" bold="true" box="[151,517,1338,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Reared or barcoded specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FDC9DF3EFCE84E97" collectingDate="2015-07-03" collectingDateMax="2015-07-21" collectingDateMin="2015-07-03" collectionCode="ZFMK, MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Riley Co." location="Konza Prairie Biological Station" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE1706, CSE1759" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Kansas">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC6FFB1FDC9DF3EFD994E5F" box="[522,638,1339,1365]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">KANSAS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC6FFB1FD45DF3EFD164E5F" box="[646,753,1339,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Riley Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FD39DF3EFB854E5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FD39DF3EFB854E5F" box="[762,1122,1339,1365]" county="Riley Co." name="Konza Prairie Biological Station" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Kansas">Konza Prairie Biological Station</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FBA8DF3FFB384E5F" box="[1131,1247,1338,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-03">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FBA8DF3FFB384E5F" box="[1131,1247,1338,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-03">3.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FAD5DF3FFA704E5F" box="[1302,1431,1338,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FAD5DF3FFA704E5F" box="[1302,1431,1338,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-14">14.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FF54DF5AFED44E73" box="[151,307,1375,1401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FEA1DF5AFDBA4E73" box="[354,605,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illinoense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FEA1DF5AFDBA4E73" box="[354,605,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Desmodium illinoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FDB9DF5AFD024E73" box="[634,741,1375,1401]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE1706</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FD3ADF5AFCAF4E73" box="[761,840,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FC97DF5AFC404E73" box="[852,935,1375,1401]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FC78DF5BFBC84E73" box="[955,1071,1374,1401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-03">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FC78DF5BFBC84E73" box="[955,1071,1374,1401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-03">3.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FBADDF5BFB084E73" box="[1134,1263,1374,1401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-21">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FBADDF5BFB084E73" box="[1134,1263,1374,1401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-21">21.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FB3FDF5AFA7F4E73" box="[1276,1432,1375,1401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF79DF86FE524E97" box="[186,437,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illinoense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF79DF86FE524E97" box="[186,437,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Desmodium illinoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FE11DF87FDDA4E97" box="[466,573,1410,1437]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE1759</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FD93DF86FD474E97" box="[592,672,1411,1437]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FD6FDF86FCE04E97" box="[684,775,1411,1437]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FCD8DF86FAD34ECB" collectingDate="2020-06-29" collectingDateMax="2020-07-08" collectingDateMin="2020-06-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Orange Co." location="Whitfield Road" municipality="Duke Forest" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE6363" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC6FFB1FCD8DF86FBF04E97" box="[795,1047,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC6FFB1FBE1DF86FB404E97" box="[1058,1191,1411,1437]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Orange Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC6FFB1FB77DF86FAD84E97" box="[1204,1343,1411,1437]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Duke Forest</collectingMunicipality>
trail off
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FF54DFA2FEA04ECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FF54DFA2FEA04ECB" box="[151,327,1447,1473]" county="Orange Co." municipality="Duke Forest" name="Whitfield Road" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="North Carolina">Whitfield Road</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FE92DFA2FE2C4ECB" box="[337,459,1447,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2020-06-29">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FE92DFA2FE2C4ECB" box="[337,459,1447,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2020-06-29">29.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FDE4DFA2FD7B4ECB" box="[551,668,1447,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2020-07-08">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FDE4DFA2FD7B4ECB" box="[551,668,1447,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2020-07-08">8.vii.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FD65DFA2FD5C4ECB" box="[678,699,1447,1473]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FD7DDFA2FCDA4ECB" box="[702,829,1447,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. Feldman</collectorName>
, ex
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCABDFA2FC394ECB" box="[872,990,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
?
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCBFDFA2FC394ECB" box="[892,990,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Galactia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FC39DFA2FB834ECB" box="[1018,1124,1447,1473]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE6363</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FBB5DFA2FB244ECB" box="[1142,1219,1447,1473]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FB0EDFA2FACF4ECB" box="[1229,1320,1447,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FAF9DFA2FEDC4D03" collectingDate="2020-06-29" collectingDateMax="2020-07-08" collectingDateMin="2020-06-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Orange Co." location="Whitfield Road" municipality="Duke Forest" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE6363" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC6FFB1FAF9DFA2FF264EEF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC6FFB1FF0FDFCEFEAB4EEF" box="[204,332,1483,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Laurinburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FE95DFCEFDBC4EEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FE95DFCEFDBC4EEF" box="[342,603,1483,1509]" county="Scotland Co." municipality="Laurinburg" name="St. Andrews University" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">St. Andrews University</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FDA6DFCEFD314EEF" box="[613,726,1483,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-05-22">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FDA6DFCEFD314EEF" box="[613,726,1483,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-05-22">22.v.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FCD3DFCEFC9B4EEF" box="[784,892,1483,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-06-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FCD3DFCEFC9B4EEF" box="[784,892,1483,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-06-02">2.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FC45DFCEFC7C4EEF" box="[902,923,1483,1509]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FC7BDFCEFBFA4EEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FC7BDFCEFBFA4EEF" box="[952,1053,1483,1509]" name="Feldman" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FB8BDFCEFB1F4EEF" box="[1096,1272,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FB8BDFCEFB1F4EEF" box="[1096,1272,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lespedeza hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FAD7DFCFFA984EEF" box="[1300,1407,1482,1509]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE3759</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FA53DFCEFF354D03" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FF1EDFEAFED74D03" box="[221,304,1519,1545]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FE81DFEAFB304D03" box="[322,1239,1519,1545]" collectingDate="2020-06-29" collectingDateMax="2020-07-08" collectingDateMin="2020-06-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Orange Co." location="Whitfield Road" municipality="Duke Forest" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE6363" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FEB1DFEAFE384D03" box="[370,479,1519,1545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-06-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FEB1DFEAFE384D03" box="[370,479,1519,1545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-06-04">4.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FE2ADFEAFE194D03" box="[489,510,1519,1545]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FDDFDFEAFD664D03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FDDFDFEAFD664D03" box="[540,641,1519,1545]" name="Feldman" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FD6EDFEAFC604D03" box="[685,903,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FD6EDFEAFC604D03" box="[685,903,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lespedeza violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FC60DFEAFBE94D03" box="[931,1038,1519,1545]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE3789</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FBE3DFEAFB894D03" box="[1056,1134,1519,1545]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FBBBDFEAFB2C4D03" box="[1144,1227,1519,1545]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FB1DDFEAFC2D4D27" collectingDate="2020-06-29" collectingDateMax="2020-07-08" collectingDateMin="2020-06-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Orange Co." location="Whitfield Road" municipality="Duke Forest" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE6363" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FB1DDFEAFA8F4D03" box="[1246,1384,1519,1545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-08-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FB1DDFEAFA8F4D03" box="[1246,1384,1519,1545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-08-14">14.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FF54DC16FEC64D27" box="[151,289,1555,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-08-24">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FF54DC16FEC64D27" box="[151,289,1555,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2017-08-24">24.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FEE8DC16FEA74D27" box="[299,320,1555,1581]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FE9DDC16FE244D27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FE9DDC16FE244D27" box="[350,451,1555,1581]" name="Feldman" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FE2CDC16FD9C4D26" box="[495,635,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="max">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FE2CDC16FD9C4D26" box="[495,635,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Glycine max</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FD55DC16FCE64D27" box="[662,769,1555,1581]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE4204</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FCD0DC16FC864D27" box="[787,865,1555,1581]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FCA8DC16FC594D27" box="[875,958,1555,1581]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FC13DC16FD354D5B" collectingDate="2020-06-29" collectingDateMax="2020-07-08" collectingDateMin="2020-06-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Orange Co." location="Whitfield Road" municipality="Duke Forest" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE6363" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FC13DC16FBA64D27" box="[976,1089,1555,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2018-05-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FC13DC16FBA64D27" box="[976,1089,1555,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2018-05-20">20.v.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FBBFDC16FB114D27" box="[1148,1270,1555,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2018-06-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FBBFDC16FB114D27" box="[1148,1270,1555,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2018-06-14">14.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FAC3DC16FAF24D27" box="[1280,1301,1555,1581]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FAF0DC16FA7F4D27" box="[1331,1432,1555,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Feldman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF7BDC32FE674D5B" box="[184,384,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volubilis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF7BDC32FE674D5B" box="[184,384,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Galactia volubilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FE5FDC32FDE04D5B" box="[412,519,1591,1617]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE4600</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FDDBDC32FD824D5B" box="[536,613,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FDB3DC32FD2C4D5B" box="[624,715,1591,1617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FD1FDC32FF154D93" collectingDate="2016-07-29" collectingDateMax="2016-08-14" collectingDateMin="2016-07-29" collectionCode="MLBM, ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Adams Co." location="Eulett Center" municipality="West Union" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE2896" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Ohio">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC6FFB1FD1FDC32FCC14D5B" box="[732,806,1591,1617]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">OHIO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC6FFB1FCECDC32FC494D5B" box="[815,942,1591,1617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Adams Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC6FFB1FC7BDC32FBD84D5B" box="[952,1087,1591,1617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">West Union</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FB8ADC32FB3A4D5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FB8ADC32FB3A4D5B" box="[1097,1245,1591,1617]" county="Adams Co." municipality="West Union" name="Eulett Center" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Ohio">Eulett Center</location>
(4274
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FAE9DC32FEC64D7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FAE9DC32FEC64D7F" county="Adams Co." municipality="West Union" name="Waggoner Riffle Road" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Ohio">Waggoner Riffle Road</location>
),
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FEF5DC5EFE5E4D7F" box="[310,441,1627,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-07-29">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FEF5DC5EFE5E4D7F" box="[310,441,1627,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-07-29">29.vii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FE3ADC5EFD644D7F" box="[505,643,1627,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-08-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FE3ADC5EFD644D7F" box="[505,643,1627,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-08-14">14.viii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FD52DC5EFCC94D7F" box="[657,814,1627,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCA3DC5EFBD04D7F" box="[864,1079,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCA3DC5EFBD04D7F" box="[864,1079,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Desmodium ciliare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FB95DC5EFB264D7F" box="[1110,1217,1627,1653]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE2896</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FB10DC5EFAD64D7F" box="[1235,1329,1627,1653]" count="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FAFCDC5EFA734D7F" box="[1343,1428,1627,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MLBM</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FF54DC7AFF0D4D93" box="[151,234,1663,1689]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FF3DDC7AFC974DB7" collectingDate="2015-07-06" collectingDateMax="2016-06-29" collectingDateMin="2015-07-06" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" location="Mehan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE1814, CSE3070" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC6FFB1FF3DDC7AFE414D93" box="[254,422,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC6FFB1FE73DC7AFDC14D93" box="[432,550,1663,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FDF0DC7AFD634D93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FDF0DC7AFD634D93" box="[563,644,1663,1689]" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" name="Mehan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Mehan</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC6FFB1FD4CDC7AFCD74D93" box="[655,816,1663,1689]" degrees="36.014339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="1" value="36.01434">36.014339° N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC6FFB1FC80DC7AFC0E4D93" box="[835,1001,1663,1689]" degrees="96.996744" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="1" value="-96.99674">96.996744° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FC37DC7BFB8F4D93" box="[1012,1128,1662,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-06">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FC37DC7BFB8F4D93" box="[1012,1128,1662,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-06">6.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FB66DC7BFAB64D93" box="[1189,1361,1662,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-16" valueMax="2015-07-25" valueMin="2015-07-16">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FB66DC7BFAB64D93" box="[1189,1361,1662,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-07-16" valueMax="2015-07-25" valueMin="2015-07-16">1625.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FA9EDC7AFF0F4DB7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FED9DCA6FDEB4DB7" box="[282,524,1699,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Strophostyles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helvola">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FED9DCA6FDEB4DB7" box="[282,524,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Strophostyles helvola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FDE8DCA6FD714DB7" box="[555,662,1699,1725]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE1814</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FD68DCA6FD1B4DB7" box="[683,764,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FCC9DCA6FC824DB7" box="[778,869,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FCB9DCA6FD5C4DEB" collectingDate="2015-07-06" collectingDateMax="2016-06-29" collectingDateMin="2015-07-06" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" location="Mehan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="CSE1814, CSE3070" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FCB9DCA6FC0C4DB7" box="[890,1003,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-05-23">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FCB9DCA6FC0C4DB7" box="[890,1003,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-05-23">23.v.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FB91DCA6FB2B4DB7" box="[1106,1228,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-06-29">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FB91DCA6FB2B4DB7" box="[1106,1228,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-06-29">29.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FB19DCA6FA934DB7" box="[1242,1396,1699,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF54DCC2FE814DEB" box="[151,358,1735,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DCC2FE814DEB" box="[151,358,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Galactia regularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC6FFB1FE41DCC2FE0A4DEB" box="[386,493,1735,1761]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CSE3070</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC6FFB1FE3CDCC2FDAA4DEB" box="[511,589,1735,1761]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FD9BDCC2FD544DEB" box="[600,691,1735,1761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC6FFB1FF04DCEFFBC24C23" blockId="28.[151,1437,1338,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF04DCEFFE334C0E" bold="true" box="[199,468,1770,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Other collected mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FE1FDCEEFDF24C23" collectingDate="2016-05-11" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Scotland Co." location="St. Andrews University" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC6FFB1FE1FDCEEFD3F4C0F" box="[476,728,1771,1797]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC6FFB1FD27DCEEFC9F4C0F" box="[740,888,1771,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
, Laurinburg,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FBD1DCEEFAFC4C0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC6FFB0FF54DECBFC084E07:9D7561A6FFC6FFB1FBD1DCEEFAFC4C0F" box="[1042,1307,1771,1797]" county="Scotland Co." name="St. Andrews University" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="North Carolina">St. Andrews University</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FAEBDCEEFA7F4C0F" box="[1320,1432,1771,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-05-11">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FAEBDCEEFA7F4C0F" box="[1320,1432,1771,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-05-11">11.v.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FF54DD0AFF4B4C23" box="[151,172,1807,1833]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FF73DD0AFED74C23" box="[176,304,1807,1833]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. Feldman</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FEF8DD0AFDF24C23" box="[315,533,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FEF8DD0AFDF24C23" box="[315,533,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lespedeza violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC6FFB1FDE7DD0AFBF94C23" box="[548,1054,1807,1833]" collectingDate="2016-05-18" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">
<date id="EC1411BDFFC6FFB1FDE7DD0AFD734C23" box="[548,660,1807,1833]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-05-18">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC6FFB1FDE7DD0AFD734C23" box="[548,660,1807,1833]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-05-18">18.v.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC6FFB1FD63DD0AFD524C23" box="[672,693,1807,1833]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC6FFB1FD7BDD0AFCDF4C23" box="[696,824,1807,1833]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. Feldman</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FC80DD0AFBF94C23" box="[835,1054,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FC80DD0AFBF94C23" box="[835,1054,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lespedeza violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC6FFB0FF04DD36FB6A4FAB" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC6FFB0FF04DD36FD294BF3" blockId="28.[151,1437,1338,2013]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,1293]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF04DD36FEF64C47" bold="true" box="[199,273,1843,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FED8DD36FE6F4C47" box="[283,392,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FE56DD36FD714C46" box="[405,662,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canescens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FE56DD36FD714C46" box="[405,662,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Desmodium canescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) DC.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCD0DD36FB7B4C47" authority="(Muhl. ex Willd.) DC." authorityName="DC." baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[787,1180,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCD0DD36FC694C47" box="[787,910,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. *ciliare</emphasis>
(Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FB69DD36FA7F4C47" authority="A. Gray" authorityName="A. Gray" box="[1194,1432,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illinoense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FB69DD36FADB4C47" box="[1194,1340,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. illinoense</emphasis>
A.Gray
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF54DD52FDC74C7B" authority="(Muhl. ex Willd.) DC." authorityName="DC." baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[151,544,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DD52FEFE4C7B" box="[151,281,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. obtusum</emphasis>
(Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.
</taxonomicName>
, *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FDF9DD52FCED4C7B" box="[570,778,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FDF9DD52FCED4C7B" box="[570,778,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Galactia regularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FB44DD52FAEC4C7B" box="[1159,1291,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volubilis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FB44DD52FAEC4C7B" box="[1159,1291,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G. volubilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Britton,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF54DD7EFECE4C9E" box="[151,297,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="max">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DD7EFECE4C9E" box="[151,297,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Glycine max</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Merr., *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FE0BDD7EFD994C9F" box="[456,638,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FE0BDD7EFD994C9F" box="[456,638,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lespedeza hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Hornem.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FCF5DD7EFC1B4C9F" authority="Pers." authorityName="Pers." box="[822,1020,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FCF5DD7EFC504C9F" box="[822,951,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">L. violacea</emphasis>
Pers.
</taxonomicName>
, *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FBD9DD7EFAEA4C9F" box="[1050,1293,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Strophostyles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helvola">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FBD9DD7EFAEA4C9F" box="[1050,1293,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Strophostyles helvola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Elliott,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FF54DD9AFE984CB2" box="[151,383,1951,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tephrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FF54DD9AFE984CB2" box="[151,383,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tephrosia virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Pers. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FE38DD9AFD9F4CB3" author="Frost, S. W." box="[507,632,1951,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="457 - 468" refId="ref45466" refString="Frost, S. W. (1924) The leaf mining habit in the Coleoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 17, 457 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 17.4.457" type="journal article" year="1924">Frost 1924</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FD40DD9AFCF74CB3" author="Butte, J. G." box="[643,784,1951,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="101 - 124" refId="ref44192" refString="Butte, J. G. (1968 b) Revision of the tribe Chalepini of America north of Mexico. III. Genus Odontota Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists' Bulletin, 22 (4), 101 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Butte 1968b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FCD9DD9AFBF44CB3" author="Kogan, M. &amp; Kogan, D. D." box="[794,1043,1951,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="456 - 461" refId="ref46821" refString="Kogan, M. &amp; Kogan, D. D. (1979) Odontota horni, a hispine leaf miner adapted to soybean feeding in Illinois. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 72 (4), 456 - 461. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 72.4.456" type="journal article" year="1979">Kogan &amp; Kogan 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FBDDDD9AFB184CB3" author="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F." box="[1054,1279,1950,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref45423" refString="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F. (1985) Biology and larval descriptions of some Maryland Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (1), 36 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Ford &amp; Cavey 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FAD1DD9AFA7B4CB3" author="Frost, S. W." box="[1298,1436,1951,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="457 - 468" refId="ref45466" refString="Frost, S. W. (1924) The leaf mining habit in the Coleoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 17, 457 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 17.4.457" type="journal article" year="1924">Frost (1924)</bibRefCitation>
also listed
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC6FFB1FED5DDC6FDD74CD7" box="[278,560,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amphicarpaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC6FFB1FED5DDC6FDD74CD7" box="[278,560,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Amphicarpaea bracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Fernald as a larval host, but this was based on
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC6FFB1FB59DDC6FABA4CD7" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[1178,1373,1987,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref43913" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1910) An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or beetles (exclusive of the Rhynchophora) known to occur in Indiana. The Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis, 1386 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 56580" type="book" year="1910">Blatchley (1910)</bibRefCitation>
, who stated only that
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FE88DA92FE1E4BBB" box="[331,505,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FE88DA92FE1E4BBB" box="[331,505,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Odontota horni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“occurs on” this plant. Adults have also been found on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FBAEDA92FA7F4BBB" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[1133,1432,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canescens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FBAEDA92FAA84BBA" box="[1133,1359,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Amorpha canescens</emphasis>
Pursh
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FF54DABEFE7C4BDF" box="[151,411,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF54DABEFE7C4BDF" box="[151,411,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Desmodium canadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) DC.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FDD7DABEFCAF4BDF" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[532,840,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FDD7DABEFD0A4BDE" box="[532,749,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lespedeza capitata</emphasis>
Michx.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FC97DABEFA804BDF" authority="(Pursh) J. W. Grimes" authorityName="J. W. Grimes" baseAuthorityName="Pursh" box="[852,1383,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pediomelum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argophyllum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FC97DABEFB914BDF" box="[852,1142,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pediomelum argophyllum</emphasis>
(Pursh) J.W. Grimes
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FF54DADAFD2D4BF3" authority="Nutt. (Clark et al. 2004)" box="[151,714,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tephrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychoides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF54DADAFE564BF3" box="[151,433,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tephrosia onobrychoides</emphasis>
Nutt. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC7FFB0FE3CDADAFD254BF3" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[511,706,223,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FD85DADAFD984BF3" box="[582,639,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC7FFB0FF04DB06FC574A6F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
When
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC7FFB0FED5DB06FE644A17" box="[278,387,259,285]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="larva">one larva</specimenCount>
from the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FE3CDB06FD2A4A17" box="[511,717,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volubilis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FE3CDB06FD2A4A17" box="[511,717,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Galactia volubilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collection ran out of food, it was offered leaves of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FA81DB06FE8F4A4B" authority="Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyphyllus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FA81DB06FEFF4A4B" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lupinus polyphyllus</emphasis>
Lindl.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FEB6DB22FC214A4B" authority="(Walter) Fernald &amp; B. G. Schub." authorityName="Fernald &amp; B. G. Schub." baseAuthorityName="Walter" box="[373,966,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Thermopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FEB6DB22FDAB4A4B" box="[373,588,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thermopsis villosa</emphasis>
(Walter) Fernald &amp; B.G. Schub.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FBC7DB22FB314A4A" box="[1028,1238,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FBC7DB22FB314A4A" box="[1028,1238,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trifolium pratense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FACBDB22FA904A4B" box="[1288,1399,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
). It mined into one of the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FE4DDB4EFE114A6F" box="[398,502,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FE4DDB4EFE114A6F" box="[398,502,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaflets but did not survive to maturity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC7FFB0FF04DB6BFDF3498F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF04DB6BFEC04A82" bold="true" box="[199,295,366,392]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Biology.</emphasis>
The only published observations of the leaf mines are those of
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC7FFB0FC35DB6AFAE54A83" author="Kogan, M. &amp; Kogan, D. D." box="[1014,1282,367,393]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="456 - 461" refId="ref46821" refString="Kogan, M. &amp; Kogan, D. D. (1979) Odontota horni, a hispine leaf miner adapted to soybean feeding in Illinois. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 72 (4), 456 - 461. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 72.4.456" type="journal article" year="1979">Kogan &amp; Kogan (1979)</bibRefCitation>
on cultivated soybean. They state that the eggs are “generally laid singly,” “mostly on the ventral side of leaves”, and “appear to be inserted underneath a small flap of epidermal plant tissue and firmly anchored to the leaf surface”. Each of the
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC7FFB0FF54DBDEFEED4AFF" box="[151,266,475,501]" count="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="egg">eight eggs</specimenCount>
we examined was deposited singly on the lower leaf surface (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC7FFB0FC0EDBDEFBB04AFF" box="[973,1111,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 1718</figureCitation>
). Seven were adjacent to the leaflet midrib, and the eighth was adjacent to a prominent lateral vein on a leaflet that also had
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC7FFB0FB0BDBFAFACA4913" box="[1224,1325,511,537]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="egg">two eggs</specimenCount>
along the midrib (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC7FFB0FF32D826FEA14937" box="[241,326,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 6774" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-81@27.[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 6774. Leaf mines of Odontota spp.; 67: O. dorsalis on Amorpha fruticosa (upper surface in transmitted light); 68: same (lower surface in reflected light, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right); 69: O. floridana on Tephrosia virginiana (leaflet almost completely mined out); 70: same (larva in newly established secondary mine); 71: O. horni on Desmodium illinoense; 72: lower surface of same mine, with three eggs visible (two along midrib and one at lower left); 73: O. scapularis on Apios americana; 74: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387892/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). Four of the eggs were thoroughly coated with dark brown excrement, two were partially covered, and two had none. The leaf surface was chewed to varying degrees prior to oviposition, but none of the eggs were neatly embedded as in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FE5BD86EFDEA498F" authorityName="Butte" authorityYear="1969" box="[408,525,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sumitrosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FE5BD86EFDEA498F" box="[408,525,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sumitrosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC7FFB0FF04D88AFC664833" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Frass is mostly deposited in small, elongate particles, sometimes well scattered and sometimes more densely aggregated. The mines are puffy and full-depth, equally visible on both leaf surfaces (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC7FFB0FB42D8B6FAEA49C7" box="[1153,1293,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 6774" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-81@27.[151,1435,309,1785]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 6774. Leaf mines of Odontota spp.; 67: O. dorsalis on Amorpha fruticosa (upper surface in transmitted light); 68: same (lower surface in reflected light, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right); 69: O. floridana on Tephrosia virginiana (leaflet almost completely mined out); 70: same (larva in newly established secondary mine); 71: O. horni on Desmodium illinoense; 72: lower surface of same mine, with three eggs visible (two along midrib and one at lower left); 73: O. scapularis on Apios americana; 74: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg mass at lower right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387892/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 7172</figureCitation>
), in contrast with the strictly upper-surface mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FDB6D8D2FC1C49FB" authority="(Schaeffer)" baseAuthorityName="Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[629,1019,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sumitrosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoroides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FDB6D8D2FC9649FB" box="[629,881,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sumitrosis ancoroides</emphasis>
(Schaeffer)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FBFFD8D2FA7B49FB" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1084,1436,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Pachyschelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FBFFD8D2FAB449FB" box="[1084,1363,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachyschelus laevigatus</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FF5CD8FEFECF481F" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[159,296,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
) that sometimes occur on the same leaves. Mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FC4ED8FEFC0F481E" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[909,1000,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sumitrosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FC4ED8FEFC0F481E" box="[909,1000,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. rosea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FAF1D8FEFF334833" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FAF1D8FEFF334833" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Odontota horni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the egg is invariably embedded in the upper leaf surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC7FFB0FF04D946FBA948AF" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
In larger leaflets (e.g. of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FE18D946FD324857" box="[475,725,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illinoense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FE18D946FD324857" box="[475,725,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Desmodium illinoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), pupation may take place in the original mine. The
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FADDD946FA744857" box="[1310,1427,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FADDD946FA744857" box="[1310,1427,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lespedeza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- mining larva collected on
<date id="EC1411BDFFC7FFB0FE7DD962FDB0488B" box="[446,599,871,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2016-05-11">11 May 2016</date>
, on the other hand, mined out four entire leaflets and half of a fifth before reaching maturity. It pupated outside the leaves on 4 June, later succumbing to mold.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC7FFB0FF04D9ABFB6A4FAB" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF04D9ABFEB348C2" bold="true" box="[199,340,942,968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
An adult of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FE1DD9AAFC4148C3" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[478,934,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Zagrammosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multilineatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FE1DD9AAFCD048C3" box="[478,823,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Zagrammosoma multilineatum</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FC77D9AAFBD048C3" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[948,1079,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged from an aborted mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FF74D9D6FE6848E7" box="[183,399,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF74D9D6FE6848E7" box="[183,399,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lespedeza violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on
<date id="EC1411BDFFC7FFB0FDDFD9D6FD4C48E7" box="[540,683,979,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2017-05-22">22 May 2017</date>
(CSE3816, BMNH).An adult of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FBD7D9D6FA7B48E7" authority="(Girault)" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1044,1436,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Chrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FBD7D9D6FAD148E7" box="[1044,1334,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chrysocharis occidentalis</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FF5CD9F2FEC54F1B" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[159,290,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged in a rearing vial that contained mines of both
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FC58D9F2FBAE4F1B" box="[923,1097,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FC58D9F2FBAE4F1B" box="[923,1097,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Odontota horni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FB43D9F2FA9F4F1B" baseAuthorityName="Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1152,1400,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sumitrosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoroides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FB43D9F2FA9F4F1B" box="[1152,1400,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sumitrosis ancoroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FF54DE1EFE6E4F3F" box="[151,393,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Strophostyles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helvola">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF54DE1EFE6E4F3F" box="[151,393,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Strophostyles helvola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE1822, BMNH). There are no previous records of this wasp from a chrysomelid host, but elsewhere in this paper we report rearings from
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FD2DDE3AFB8C4F53" box="[750,1131,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FD2DDE3AFC5A4F52" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[750,957,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Baliosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nervosus">Baliosus nervosus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FC08DE3AFB814F53" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[971,1126,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapularis">O. scapularis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FB65DE3AFA864F52" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1190,1377,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sumitrosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FB65DE3AFA864F52" box="[1190,1377,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sumitrosis rosea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<date id="EC1411BDFFC7FFB0FF54DE66FEC84F77" box="[151,303,1123,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2018-05-20">20 May 2018</date>
collection of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FE0DDE66FD7E4F77" box="[462,665,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volubilis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FE0DDE66FD7E4F77" box="[462,665,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Galactia volubilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yielded
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC7FFB0FD3FDE66FC9E4F77" box="[764,889,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FC41DE66FB414F77" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[898,1190,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FC41DE66FBCF4F77" box="[898,1064,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trichogramma</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FB76DE66FA724F77" box="[1205,1429,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichogrammatidae</taxonomicName>
) (CSE4552, CNC), apparently from an egg of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FD56DE82FD134FAB" box="[661,756,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FD56DE82FD134FAB" box="[661,756,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">O. horni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but this is not known with certainty.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC7FFB0FF04DEAEFC084E07" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC7FFB0FF04DEAEFC084E07" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF04DEAEFEF64FCF" bold="true" box="[199,273,1195,1221]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Notes.</emphasis>
Our
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC7FFB0FE8BDEAEFE7E4FCF" box="[328,409,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Kansas</collectingRegion>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FDEFDEAEFD3E4FCF" box="[556,729,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FDEFDEAEFD3E4FCF" box="[556,729,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Odontota horni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sole representative of BIN BOLD:ADF6147, differing by 4.615.38% from our
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC7FFB0FE53DECAFE2F4FE3" box="[400,456,1231,1257]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ohio</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC7FFB0FE3CDECAFD404FE3" box="[511,679,1231,1257]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
specimens, which belong to BIN BOLD:ADG4193. This is greater than the 3.6% difference between barcodes of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FD5DDEF6FCFD4E07" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[670,794,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FD5DDEF6FCFD4E07" box="[670,794,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">O. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FC92DEF6FC0F4E07" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[849,1000,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FC92DEF6FC0F4E07" box="[849,1000,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">O. scapularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
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@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ MASSACHUSETTS,
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<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC7FFB0FAC6DFEAFA7F4D03" box="[1285,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
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@ -137,9 +137,7 @@ MASSACHUSETTS,
</date>
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<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC7FFB0FC49DC16FBED4D27" box="[906,1034,1555,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. Feldman</collectorName>
, ex
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@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ MASSACHUSETTS,
.
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<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC7FFB3FF04DCA6FE144BF3" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC7FFB0FF04DCA6FDD84C0F" blockId="29.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC7FFB0FF04DCA6FEF64DB7" bold="true" box="[199,273,1699,1725]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC7FFB0FEDDDCA6FE6C4DB7" box="[286,395,1699,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
@ -264,13 +262,14 @@ is the only previous parasitoid record for a member of this genus other than
</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC4FFB3FF04DB06FEF64A17" bold="true" box="[199,273,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Notes.</emphasis>
Our
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specimen differs from the two barcoded
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specimens by 0.62% and 0.92%, but by 2.15% from the only other member of
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC4FFB3FD2EDB22FC944A4B" box="[749,883,295,321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">BIN BOLD</collectionCode>
:
@ -281,7 +280,6 @@ specimens by 0.62% and 0.92%, but by 2.15% from the only other member of
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collected in
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.
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View file

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(
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,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC9FFBEFECBDABEFEB74BDC" box="[264,336,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 5357" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-59@20.[151,1435,237,1639]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5357. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 53: M. excavata cyanea on Solidago sp.; 54: M. excavata excavata on Doellingeria umbellata (lower surface, with excrement-covered egg at upper right edge of dark spot); 55: same (upper surface); 56: M. excavata excavata on Euthamia graminifolia; 57: M. floridana (presumed) on Pityopsis graminifolia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387880/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">5356</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC9FFBEFE9FDABEFE584BDC" box="[348,447,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">135136</figureCitation>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC9FFBEFF54DB06FBDA4937" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC9FFBEFF54DB06FC6E4AFF" blockId="19.[151,1437,259,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF54DB06FE9E4A17" bold="true" box="[151,377,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC9FFBEFE40DB06FC1D4A4B" collectingDate="2015-07-07" collectingDateMax="2015-08-02" collectingDateMin="2015-07-07" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Fremont Co." location="Forest Rd." municipality="Bear Creek" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CSE1718" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-adult="6" stateProvince="Colorado">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFE40DB06FDC44A17" box="[387,547,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COLORADO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC9FFBEFDF2DB01FD234A17" box="[561,708,259,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fremont Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC9FFBEFD10DB01FCBF4A17" box="[723,856,259,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bear Creek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFCA4DB01FC384A17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC9FFBEFF54DA92FB8C4EEF:9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFCA4DB01FC384A17" box="[871,991,259,286]" county="Fremont Co." municipality="Bear Creek" name="Forest Rd." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Colorado">Forest Rd.</location>
101, off of 49
<location id="9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFB5BDB06FB5C4A17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC9FFBEFF54DA92FB8C4EEF:9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFB5BDB06FB5C4A17" box="[1176,1211,259,285]" county="Fremont Co." municipality="Bear Creek" name="Rd" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Colorado">Rd</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFB09DB06FADA4A14" box="[1226,1341,259,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2015-07-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFB09DB06FADA4A14" box="[1226,1341,259,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2015-07-07">7.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFF54DB22FE864A48" box="[151,353,295,322]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2015-07-19" valueMax="2015-08-02" valueMin="2015-07-19">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFF54DB22FE864A48" box="[151,353,295,322]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2015-07-19" valueMax="2015-08-02" valueMin="2015-07-19">19.vii2.viii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC9FFBEFEAEDB22FDEF4A4B" box="[365,520,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFDF6DB22FD7E4A4B" box="[565,665,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFDF6DB22FD7E4A4B" box="[565,665,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Solidago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC9FFBEFD75DB22FCC74A4B" box="[694,800,295,321]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CSE1718</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC9FFBEFCF3DB22FC6B4A4B" box="[816,908,295,321]" count="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">6 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC9FFBEFC5BDB22FC144A4B" box="[920,1011,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC9FFBEFBC6DB22FE0B4A83" collectingDate="2019-08-02" collectingDateMax="2019-08-14" collectingDateMin="2019-08-02" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman &amp; K. Fowler" county="Hancock Co." location="Chicken Mill Pond Rd." municipality="Gouldsboro" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CSE5746" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Maine">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFBC6DB22FB824A4B" box="[1029,1125,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MAINE</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC9FFBEFBB3DB22FAE24A4B" box="[1136,1285,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hancock Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC9FFBEFAD2DB22FA7F4A4B" box="[1297,1432,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gouldsboro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFF54DB4EFE414A6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC9FFBEFF54DA92FB8C4EEF:9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFF54DB4EFE414A6F" box="[151,422,331,357]" county="Hancock Co." municipality="Gouldsboro" name="Chicken Mill Pond Rd." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Maine">Chicken Mill Pond Rd.</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFE77DB4EFDD64A6F" box="[436,561,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-08-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFE77DB4EFDD64A6F" box="[436,561,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-08-02">2.viii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFDB1DB4EFCF04A6F" box="[626,791,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-08-02" valueMax="2019-08-14" valueMin="2019-08-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFDB1DB4EFCF04A6F" box="[626,791,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-08-02" valueMax="2019-08-14" valueMin="2019-08-02">214.viii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC9FFBEFCE5DB4EFC274A6F" box="[806,960,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC9FFBEFC29DB49FB874A6F" box="[1002,1120,331,358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">K. Fowler</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFB51DB4EFA724A6F" box="[1170,1429,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Euthamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFB51DB4EFA724A6F" box="[1170,1429,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Euthamia graminifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC9FFBEFF66DB6AFEF74A80" box="[165,272,367,394]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CSE5746</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC9FFBEFEE2DB6AFE994A83" box="[289,382,367,393]" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC9FFBEFE49DB6AFE024A83" box="[394,485,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC9FFBEFE3BDB6AFBBD4AA7" collectingDate="2017-07-25" collectingDateMax="2017-08-12" collectingDateMin="2017-07-25" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." location="Old Wendell Rd." municipality="Northfield" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CSE4112" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFE3BDB6AFD0C4A83" box="[504,747,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC9FFBEFD35DB6AFC604A83" box="[758,903,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC9FFBEFC50DB6AFBEC4A83" box="[915,1035,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Northfield</collectingMunicipality>
, 276
<location id="9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFB8ADB6AFAEE4A83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC9FFBEFF54DA92FB8C4EEF:9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFB8ADB6AFAEE4A83" box="[1097,1289,367,393]" county="Franklin Co." municipality="Northfield" name="Old Wendell Rd." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Old Wendell Rd.</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFAD5DB6AFA7F4A80" box="[1302,1432,367,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-07-25">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFAD5DB6AFA7F4A80" box="[1302,1432,367,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-07-25">25.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFF0FDB96FEB14AA7" box="[204,342,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-12">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFF0FDB96FEB14AA7" box="[204,342,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-12">12.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC9FFBEFEA4DB96FDE14AA7" box="[359,518,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFDFEDB96FD1D4AA7" box="[573,762,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFDFEDB96FD1D4AA7" box="[573,762,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Solidago rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC9FFBEFCD8DB96FC624AA7" box="[795,901,403,429]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CSE4112</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC9FFBEFC5FDB96FC084AA7" box="[924,1007,403,429]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC9FFBEFC3CDB96FBB54AA7" box="[1023,1106,403,429]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC9FFBEFBA9DB96FE384ADB" collectingDate="2017-08-04" collectingDateMax="2017-09-04" collectingDateMin="2017-08-04" collectionCode="ZFMK" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CSE4223" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFBA9DB96FB024AA7" box="[1130,1253,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFBA9DB96FB024AA7" box="[1130,1253,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-04">4.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFAE8DB96FA704AA7" box="[1323,1431,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-09-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFAE8DB96FA704AA7" box="[1323,1431,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-09-04">4.ix.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC9FFBEFF66DBB2FEF64ADB" box="[165,273,439,465]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CSE4223</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC9FFBEFEDCDBB2FE9D4ADB" box="[287,378,439,465]" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC9FFBEFE47DBB2FE304ADB" box="[388,471,439,465]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC9FFBEFE2ADBB2FC614AFF" collectingDate="2017-07-20" collectingDateMax="2017-08-07" collectingDateMin="2017-07-20" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Middlesex Co." latitude="42.699173" location="Townsend" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.664734" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CSE4089" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC9FFBEFE2ADBB2FD684ADB" box="[489,655,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Middlesex Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFD5ADBB2FCE84ADB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC9FFBEFF54DA92FB8C4EEF:9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFD5ADBB2FCE84ADB" box="[665,783,439,465]" county="Middlesex Co." latitude="42.699173" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.664734" name="Townsend" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">Townsend</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC9FFBEFCDADBB2FC744ADB" box="[793,915,439,465]" degrees="42.699173" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="42.699173">42.699173</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC9FFBEFC5EDBB2FBC74ADB" box="[925,1056,439,465]" degrees="71.664734" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="-71.664734">-71.664734</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFBE9DBB2FB4B4ADB" box="[1066,1196,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-07-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFBE9DBB2FB4B4ADB" box="[1066,1196,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-07-20">20.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFB25DBB2FA854ADB" box="[1254,1378,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFB25DBB2FA854ADB" box="[1254,1378,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-07">7.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC9FFBEFAAFDBB2FF1D4AFF" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFEE4DBDEFDCA4AFF" box="[295,557,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Doellingeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFEE4DBDEFDCA4AFF" box="[295,557,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Doellingeria umbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC9FFBEFD8ADBDEFD534AFF" box="[585,692,475,501]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CSE4089</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC9FFBEFD07DBDEFCC74AFF" box="[708,800,475,501]" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC9FFBEFCE8DBDEFC994AFF" box="[811,894,475,501]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC9FFBEFF04DBFAFBDA4937" blockId="19.[151,1437,259,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF04DBFAFE564913" bold="true" box="[199,433,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Collected specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFC9FFBEFE76DBFAFBDE4937" collectingDate="2017-06-14" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Worcester Co." latitude="42.597122" location="Old Matthews Rd" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.96542" municipality="Gardner" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="CSE3819" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFE76DBFAFD4F4913" box="[437,680,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFC9FFBEFD6DD805FCAA4913" box="[686,845,511,538]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Worcester Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFC9FFBEFC96DBFAFC544913" box="[853,947,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gardner</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFC78DBFAFB9A4913" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFC9FFBEFF54DA92FB8C4EEF:9D7561A6FFC9FFBEFC78DBFAFB9A4913" box="[955,1149,511,537]" county="Worcester Co." latitude="42.597122" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.96542" municipality="Gardner" name="Old Matthews Rd" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Old Matthews Rd</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC9FFBEFB4BDBFAFAE34910" box="[1160,1284,511,538]" degrees="42.597124" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="42.597122">42.597124</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFC9FFBEFACFDBFAFA774910" box="[1292,1424,511,538]" degrees="71.965425" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="-71.96542">-71.965425</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="EC1411BDFFC9FFBEFF54D826FEF64937" box="[151,273,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-06-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFC9FFBEFF54D826FEF64937" box="[151,273,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-06-14">14.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFC9FFBEFEDED826FE504937" box="[285,439,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFC9FFBEFE00D821FD0B4937" box="[451,748,547,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE25D826FD0B4937" box="[486,748,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Doellingeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE25D826FD0B4937" box="[486,748,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Doellingeria umbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFC9FFBEFCCBD826FC944937" box="[776,883,547,573]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CSE3819</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC9FFBEFC46D826FC344937" box="[901,979,547,573]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFC9FFBEFC1DD826FBD64937" box="[990,1073,547,573]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC9FFBEFF04D842FE234E73" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC9FFBEFF04D842FCEF48C3" blockId="19.[151,1437,259,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF04D842FEF6496B" bold="true" box="[199,273,583,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hosts.</emphasis>
*
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFEEAD842FE4C496B" box="[297,427,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE78D842FC824968" authority="(Mill.) Nees" authorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityName="Mill." box="[443,869,583,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Doellingeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE78D842FD20496B" box="[443,711,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Doellingeria umbellata</emphasis>
(Mill.) Nees
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFCB5D842FB9C496B" box="[886,1147,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Euthamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFCB5D842FB9C496B" box="[886,1147,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Euthamia graminifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Nutt.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFACFD842FA7B4968" box="[1292,1436,583,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFACFD842FA97496B" box="[1292,1392,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Solidago</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(subsect. Triplinerviae),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE6BD86EFD6C498F" authority="Mill. Ours" authorityName="Mill. Ours" box="[424,651,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE6BD86EFDF6498F" box="[424,529,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. rugosa</emphasis>
Mill. Ours
</taxonomicName>
are the first definite rearing records for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFB8AD86EFAA9498F" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[1097,1358,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFB8AD86EFAA9498F" box="[1097,1358,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Microrhopala excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFA9FD86EFF0549A3" author="Grant, J." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref46015" refString="Grant, J. (1969) Brachycoryna hardyi Crotch and Microrhopala cyanea (Say), two Hispinae rare in British Columbia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 66, 25." type="journal volume" year="1969">Grant (1969)</bibRefCitation>
found adults in association with an empty leaf mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFCBED88AFAC249A3" authority="(Pursh) Shinners" authorityName="Shinners" baseAuthorityName="Pursh" box="[893,1317,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFCBED88AFBBB49A3" box="[893,1116,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Heterotheca villosa</emphasis>
(Pursh) Shinners
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFA93D88AFEEE49C7" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
. All other previous host records for this species appear to refer only to caught adults; these include
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFF54D8D2FE4349FB" box="[151,420,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Doellingeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF54D8D2FE4349FB" box="[151,420,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Doellingeria umbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE7BD8D2FDD449FB" box="[440,563,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE7BD8D2FDD449FB" box="[440,563,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Helianthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFDAFD8DDFCE049FB" box="[620,775,728,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strumosus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFDAFD8DDFCE049FB" box="[620,775,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. strumosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFC83D8D2FEEE481F" authority="Engelm. ex C. L. Boynton &amp; Beadle" authorityName="C. L. Boynton &amp; Beadle" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="missouriensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFC83D8D2FBBB49FB" box="[832,1116,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rudbeckia missouriensis</emphasis>
Engelm. ex C.L. Boynton &amp; Beadle
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFED4D8FEFE40481C" box="[279,423,763,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFED4D8FEFE9C481F" box="[279,379,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Solidago</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE75D8FEFCC1481F" authority="Torr. &amp; A. Gray" authorityName="Torr. &amp; A. Gray" box="[438,806,763,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="drummondii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE75D8FEFDB8481F" box="[438,607,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. drummondii</emphasis>
Torr. &amp; A. Gray
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFCF6D8FEFBEB481F" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[821,1036,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petiolaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFCF6D8FEFC27481F" box="[821,960,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. petiolaris</emphasis>
Aiton
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFBD8D8FEFA82481F" authority="Muhl. ex Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[1051,1381,763,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulmifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFBD8D8FEFB78481F" box="[1051,1183,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. ulmifolia</emphasis>
Muhl. ex Willd.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFF54D91AFD544830" authority="(Poir.) G. L. Nesom" authorityName="G. L. Nesom" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[151,691,799,826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praealtum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF54D91AFE284833" box="[151,463,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Symphyotrichum praealtum</emphasis>
(Poir.) G.L. Nesom
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFD07D91AFCA44833" box="[708,835,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFC99D91AFBEF4833" author="Douglass, J. R." box="[858,1032,799,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="26 - 38" refId="ref44917" refString="Douglass, J. R. (1929) Chrysomelidae of Kansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 2 (2), 26 - 38." type="journal article" year="1929">Douglass 1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFBD6D91AFB4D4833" author="Walker, F. H." box="[1045,1194,799,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="16 - 25" refId="ref48699" refString="Walker, F. H. (1936) Observations on sunflower insects in Kansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 9 (1), 16 - 25." type="journal article" year="1936">Walker 1936</bibRefCitation>
; Riley &amp; Enns 1979;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFF54D946FEFF4857" author="Clark, S. M." box="[151,280,835,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="597 - 618" refId="ref44587" refString="Clark, S. M. (1983) A revision of the genus Microrhopala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America north of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (4), 597 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4488" type="journal article" year="1983">Clark 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFEE6D946FDEE4854" author="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F." box="[293,521,835,862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref45423" refString="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F. (1985) Biology and larval descriptions of some Maryland Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (1), 36 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Ford &amp; Cavey 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFDD5D946FD3D4857" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[534,730,835,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFD9FD941FD724857" box="[604,661,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFD2ED946FC264857" box="[749,961,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFD2ED946FC264857" box="[749,961,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Helianthus annuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. has been listed as a host for this beetle based on
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFF3CD962FDA0488B" author="Hilgendorf, J. H. &amp; Goeden, R. D." box="[255,583,871,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="102 - 108" refId="ref46403" refString="Hilgendorf, J. H. &amp; Goeden, R. D. (1981) Phytophagous insects reported from cultivated and weedy varieties of the sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., in North America. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, 27 (2), 102 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / besa / 27.2.102" type="journal article" year="1981">Hilgendorf &amp; Goeden (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, but their record is based on
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC9FFBEFC40D962FBC0488B" author="Walker, F. H." box="[899,1063,871,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="16 - 25" refId="ref48699" refString="Walker, F. H. (1936) Observations on sunflower insects in Kansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 9 (1), 16 - 25." type="journal article" year="1936">Walker (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, who did not specify which of his observations involved
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE56D989FDEE48AF" box="[405,521,908,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE56D989FDEE48AF" box="[405,521,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. annuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than other
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFD12D98EFC6548AC" box="[721,898,907,934]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFD12D98EFCAB48AF" box="[721,844,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Helianthus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
We have found a possible
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFB73D989FADD48AF" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[1200,1338,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFB73D989FADD48AF" box="[1200,1338,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFF54D9AAFE6D48C3" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[151,394,943,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odora">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF54D9AAFEA248C3" box="[151,325,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Solidago odora</emphasis>
Aiton
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFE6DD9AAFDB148C3" box="[430,598,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
(BG 1681380).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC9FFBEFF04D9D6FD874E3B" blockId="19.[151,1437,259,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF04D9D6FEC048E7" bold="true" box="[199,295,979,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Biology.</emphasis>
The egg is invariably laid singly on the lower leaf surface and at the leaf margin, and covered with dark brown to blackish excrement (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC9FFBEFE2CD9F2FDA64F1B" box="[495,577,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). An adult was found in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFC98D9F2FC1A4F1B" box="[859,1021,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
on 14 June in association with three such eggs. The mine is full-depth, with the frass mostly in long, dark strands that are densest in a roughly circular area adjacent to the egg that ultimately becomes a blisterlike swelling where pupation takes place (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC9FFBEFB12DE3AFABD4F50" box="[1233,1370,1087,1114]" captionStart="FIGURES 5357" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-59@20.[151,1435,237,1639]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5357. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 53: M. excavata cyanea on Solidago sp.; 54: M. excavata excavata on Doellingeria umbellata (lower surface, with excrement-covered egg at upper right edge of dark spot); 55: same (upper surface); 56: M. excavata excavata on Euthamia graminifolia; 57: M. floridana (presumed) on Pityopsis graminifolia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387880/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 5356</figureCitation>
). This does not always form a solid black spot as in the mine of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFCE0DE66FB744F77" authority="(Newman)" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[803,1171,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFCE0DE66FBF74F77" box="[803,1040,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Microrhopala xerene</emphasis>
(Newman)
</taxonomicName>
. Our
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFB12DE66FADE4F77" box="[1233,1337,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colorado</collectingRegion>
material belongs to the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE76DE8DFD334FAB" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[437,724,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="excavata" subSpecies="cyanea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE76DE8DFD754FAB" box="[437,658,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. excavata cyanea</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
and was reared from leaves of basal rosettes of an undetermined three-nerved
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFEEFDEAEFE004FCF" box="[300,487,1195,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFEEFDEAEFE774FCF" box="[300,400,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Solidago</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC9FFBEFE35DEAEFDB34FCC" box="[502,596,1195,1222]" captionStart="FIGURES 5357" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-59@20.[151,1435,237,1639]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 5357. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 53: M. excavata cyanea on Solidago sp.; 54: M. excavata excavata on Doellingeria umbellata (lower surface, with excrement-covered egg at upper right edge of dark spot); 55: same (upper surface); 56: M. excavata excavata on Euthamia graminifolia; 57: M. floridana (presumed) on Pityopsis graminifolia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387880/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 53</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC9FFBEFDA3DEAEFD694FCF" box="[608,654,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">134</figureCitation>
). Each mine was formed at the leaf apex but was otherwise consistent with mines of the nominate subspecies; the lower leaf surface was not photographed, so we cannot confirm the egg location, but the circular concentration of frass was adjacent to the leaf margin in each case, suggesting the egg placement is the same in this subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC9FFBEFF04DF3EFE234E73" blockId="19.[151,1437,259,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF04DF3EFEAE4E5F" bold="true" box="[199,329,1339,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parasitoid.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFE91DF39FD7F4E5F" authority="(Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[338,664,1339,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Conura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odontotae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFE91DF39FDC64E5F" box="[338,545,1339,1366]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Conura odontotae</emphasis>
(Howard)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFD6BDF3EFCD64E5F" box="[680,817,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
) was reared from a mine of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFBBCDF39FAED4E5F" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[1151,1290,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFBBCDF39FAED4E5F" box="[1151,1290,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFAFADF3EFF024E73" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFAFADF3EFF024E73" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Solidago rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE4142, UFES).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC9FFBEFF04DF86FB8C4EEF" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC9FFBEFF04DF86FB8C4EEF" blockId="19.[151,1437,259,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFF04DF86FEF64E97" bold="true" box="[199,273,1411,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Notes.</emphasis>
Our six barcoded specimens, all from
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFD0FDF86FC964E97" box="[716,881,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
, constitute the BIN BOLD:ADP0789. Its nearest neighbor, differing by 4.17%, is BIN BOLD:ABA6340, which comprises four
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFBD1DFA2FB8F4ECB" box="[1042,1128,1447,1473]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ontario</collectingRegion>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFAC8DFADFA724ECB" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[1291,1429,1448,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFAC8DFADFA724ECB" box="[1291,1429,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately our specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC9FFBEFDC1DFC9FD074EEF" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[514,736,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="excavata" subSpecies="cyanea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC9FFBEFDC1DFC9FD074EEF" box="[514,736,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. excavata cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC9FFBEFCE6DFCEFC6A4EEF" box="[805,909,1483,1509]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colorado</collectingRegion>
were not barcoded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
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<mods:title id="4D6BA80DD3C868B2208B35A8F59C777A">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="32223E51997E7D2F132A41539255D5F8">Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B952C5E3F3EDFEEE58DAFC394EECD3C">276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="26A398F8C92ED6B22E2571626E523D95">5306 Pelham Road, Durham, NC 27713, U. S. A. tracysfeldman @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5939 - 6810</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="960FD7F27A106EFCC5E10717536BE1F2" type="email">tracysfeldman@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BC1D9236C525485E304D5D0D0AA74A7A">Palmer, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E369C06E4CB5D58CF13946E5E39EBF4">276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114 &amp; PBEE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U. S. A. Current address: P. O. Box 252, Blue River, OR 97413, U. S. A. mike. palmer @ okstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1452 - 2152 &amp; 276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C1C585BD4B1617FE43D70C4FFD0E522" type="email">ceiseman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="1003866BFFCAFFBCFF54DC1AFBE7481F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCAFFBCFF54DC1AFBE7481F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFCAFFBCFF54DC1AFBE7481F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCAFFBDFF54DC1AFDD04D33" box="[151,567,1567,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCAFFBDFF54DC1AFDD04D33" blockId="16.[151,567,1567,1629]" box="[151,567,1567,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="C35D8011FFCAFFBDFF54DC1AFDD04D33" bold="true" box="[151,567,1567,1594]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCAFFBDFF54DC1AFDD04D33" ID-CoL="7JL2K" authority="(Crotch)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,567,1567,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="walshii" subSpecies="walshii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFF54DC1AFDD04D33" bold="true" box="[151,567,1567,1594]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFF54DC1AFE234D30" bold="true" box="[151,452,1567,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chalepus walshii walshii</emphasis>
(Crotch)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCAFFBDFF54DC46FE654D57" box="[151,386,1603,1629]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCAFFBDFF54DC46FE654D57" blockId="16.[151,567,1567,1629]" box="[151,386,1603,1629]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCAFFBDFF5CDC46FF084D57" box="[159,239,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCAFFBDFF38DC46FEA34D57" box="[251,324,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURES 4449" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 4449. Leaf mines of Chalepus spp.; 44: C. bicolor on Dichanthelium clandestinum; 45: C. walshii sayi on × Triticosecale; 46: C. walshii walshii on Dactylis glomerata, with egg at far right; 47: C. walshii walshii on Elymus repens (transmitted light); 48: same (reflected light); 49: C. walshii walshii on Phalaris arundinacea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387874/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4649</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCAFFBDFE8CDC46FE9D4D57" box="[335,378,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">133</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCAFFBDFF54DC8EFCF54CCF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCAFFBDFF54DC8EFE054C3F" blockId="16.[151,1436,1675,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFF54DC8EFE9D4DAF" bold="true" box="[151,378,1675,1701]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCAFFBDFE46DC8EFAF34DC3" collectingDate="2017-07-24" collectingDateMax="2017-08-03" collectingDateMin="2017-07-24" collectionCode="ZFMK" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.633514" location="Franklin Co." longitude="-72.42003" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="CSE4010" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="7" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCAFFBDFE46DC8EFD9F4DAF" box="[389,632,1675,1701]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCAFFBDFD44DC8EFCFB4DAF" box="[647,796,1675,1701]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
, Northfield, Old Wendell Rd.,
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,
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,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFF54DCAAFEFE4DC3" box="[151,281,1711,1737]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2017-07-13">13.vii.2017</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFE98DCAAFDC24DC3" box="[347,549,1711,1737]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2017-07-24" valueMax="2017-08-03" valueMin="2017-07-24">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCAFFBDFE98DCAAFDC24DC3" box="[347,549,1711,1737]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2017-07-24" valueMax="2017-08-03" valueMin="2017-07-24">24.vii3.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, C.S. Eiseman, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCAFFBDFCC6DCAAFC4C4DC3" box="[773,939,1711,1737]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFCC6DCAAFC4C4DC3" box="[773,939,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Elymus repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCAFFBDFC09DCAAFBD14DC3" box="[970,1078,1711,1737]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CSE4010</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCAFFBDFB8BDCAAFB404DC3" box="[1096,1191,1711,1737]" count="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="adult">7 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCAFFBDFB76DCAAFAEF4DC3" box="[1205,1288,1711,1737]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCAFFBDFADDDCAAFA7B4DE7" collectingDate="2017-07-24" collectingDateMax="2017-08-03" collectingDateMin="2017-07-24" collectionCode="ZFMK" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.647156" location="Franklin Co." longitude="-72.42485" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="CSE4010" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="7" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
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,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCAFFBDFF54DCD6FEFD4DE4" box="[151,282,1747,1774]" degrees="72.424852" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-72.42485">-72.424852</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFEE6DCD6FE4F4DE7" box="[293,424,1747,1773]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2019-07-16">16.vii.2019</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFE20DCD6FD684DE7" box="[483,655,1747,1773]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2019-07-24" valueMax="2019-07-27" valueMin="2019-07-24">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCAFFBDFE20DCD6FD684DE7" box="[483,655,1747,1773]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2019-07-24" valueMax="2019-07-27" valueMin="2019-07-24">2427.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, C.S. Eiseman, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCAFFBDFCA2DCD6FBDF4DE7" box="[865,1080,1747,1773]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dactylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFCA2DCD6FBDF4DE7" box="[865,1080,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dactylis glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCAFFBDFB96DCD6FB274DE4" box="[1109,1216,1747,1774]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CSE5724</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCAFFBDFB0CDCD6FACC4DE7" box="[1231,1323,1747,1773]" count="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCAFFBDFAF5DCD6FA764DE7" box="[1334,1425,1747,1773]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCAFFBDFF54DCF2FE384C3F" collectingDate="2017-07-24" collectingDateMax="2017-08-03" collectingDateMin="2017-07-24" collectionCode="ZFMK" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.64682" location="Franklin Co." longitude="-72.424835" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="CSE4010" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="7" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCAFFBDFF54DCF2FEF64C1B" box="[151,273,1783,1809]" degrees="42.646820" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="42.64682">42.646820</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCAFFBDFEE5DCF2FE4E4C1B" box="[294,425,1783,1809]" degrees="72.424839" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-72.424835">-72.424839</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFE7EDCF2FDD84C1B" box="[445,575,1783,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2019-07-18">18.vii.2019</date>
, extracted (dead)
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFCE0DCF2FC784C1B" box="[803,927,1783,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2019-08-03">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCAFFBDFCE0DCF2FC784C1B" box="[803,927,1783,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2019-08-03">3.viii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, C.S. Eiseman, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCAFFBDFB54DCF2FA714C1B" box="[1175,1430,1783,1809]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phalaris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFB54DCF2FA714C1B" box="[1175,1430,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Phalaris arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCAFFBDFF66DD1EFEF74C3C" box="[165,272,1819,1846]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CSE5750</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCAFFBDFEE0DD1EFE964C3F" box="[291,369,1819,1845]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCAFFBDFEBFDD1EFE304C3F" box="[380,471,1819,1845]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCAFFBDFF04DD3AFC464C77" blockId="16.[151,1436,1675,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFF04DD3AFE544C53" bold="true" box="[199,435,1855,1881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Collected specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCAFFBDFE79DD3AFC794C77" collectingDate="2017-06-07" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Worcester Co." latitude="42.678974" location="Royalston" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.16729" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="CSE3802" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCAFFBDFE79DD3AFD4A4C53" box="[442,685,1855,1881]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCAFFBDFD75DD45FCB04C53" box="[694,855,1855,1882]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Worcester Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCAFFBDFCA0DD3AFC304C53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCAFFBCFF54DC1AFBE7481F:9D7561A6FFCAFFBDFCA0DD3AFC304C53" box="[867,983,1855,1881]" county="Worcester Co." latitude="42.678974" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.16729" name="Royalston" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Royalston</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCAFFBDFC21DD3AFBBB4C53" box="[994,1116,1855,1881]" degrees="42.678974" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="42.678974">42.678974</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCAFFBDFBA4DD3AFB0D4C53" box="[1127,1258,1855,1881]" degrees="72.167291" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-72.16729">-72.167291</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFB36DD3AFA864C53" box="[1269,1377,1855,1881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2017-06-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCAFFBDFB36DD3AFA864C53" box="[1269,1377,1855,1881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2017-06-07">7.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCAFFBDFAAFDD3AFF1D4C77" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFCAFFBDFEC5DD61FDA84C77" box="[262,591,1891,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCAFFBDFEEADD66FDA84C77" box="[297,591,1891,1917]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFEEADD66FDA84C77" box="[297,591,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calamagrostis canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCAFFBDFDAFDD66FD304C77" box="[620,727,1891,1917]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CSE3802</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCAFFBDFD2ADD66FCDF4C77" box="[745,824,1891,1917]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCAFFBDFC80DD66FC714C77" box="[835,918,1891,1917]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCAFFBDFF04DD82FCF54CCF" blockId="16.[151,1436,1675,1989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFF04DD82FE5E4CAB" bold="true" box="[199,441,1927,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Photographed mine.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCAFFBDFE7CDD82FD554CAB" box="[447,690,1927,1953]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
: Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd.,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCAFFBDFB0CDD82FAA14CAB" box="[1231,1350,1927,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2016-09-13">13.ix.2016</date>
(empty pupa), C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCAFFBDFE48DDA9FDDB4CCF" box="[395,572,1964,1989]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCAFFBDFE48DDA9FDDB4CCF" box="[395,572,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 203126260).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCBFFBCFF04DA92FE06496B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF04DA92FDD84BF3" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF04DA92FEF64BBB" bold="true" box="[199,273,151,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFEDADA92FE9E4BBB" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[281,377,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
: *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE51DA92FD7F4BBB" authority="Leyss." authorityName="Leyss." box="[402,664,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE51DA92FDA24BBA" box="[402,581,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
Leyss.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD67DA92FB4D4BBB" authority="(Michx.) P. Beauv." authorityName="P. Beauv." baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[676,1194,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD67DA92FC2B4BBB" box="[676,972,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calamagrostis canadensis</emphasis>
(Michx.) P. Beauv.
</taxonomicName>
, *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB07DA92FA7B4BBB" box="[1220,1436,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dactylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB07DA92FA7B4BBB" box="[1220,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dactylis glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF7FDABEFE864BDF" box="[188,353,187,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF7FDABEFE864BDF" box="[188,353,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Elymus hystrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE4EDABEFDE54BDF" box="[397,514,187,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE4EDABEFDE54BDF" box="[397,514,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. *repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gould,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD4EDABEFC5E4BDF" authority="Muhl. ex Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[653,953,187,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD4EDABEFCE64BDF" box="[653,769,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. villosus</emphasis>
Muhl. ex Willd.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFC00DABEFBB74BDE" box="[963,1104,187,212]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginicus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFC00DABEFBB74BDE" box="[963,1104,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. virginicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB49DABEFA994BDF" box="[1162,1406,187,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phalaris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB49DABEFA994BDF" box="[1162,1406,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phalaris arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFF5CDADAFE644BF3" author="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F." box="[159,387,222,249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref45423" refString="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F. (1985) Biology and larval descriptions of some Maryland Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (1), 36 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Ford &amp; Cavey 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFE4CDADAFDD44BF3" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[399,563,222,249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">Eiseman 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF04DB07FE06496B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF04DB07FEC04A16" bold="true" box="[199,295,258,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Biology.</emphasis>
The oviposition habits, leaf mines, and characteristic adult feeding sign were described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFF7EDB22FE8C4A4B" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[189,363,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman (2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFEB9DB23FE504A4B" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[378,439,294,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
). The abandoned leaf mine and associated adult feeding sign on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB6BDB22FABB4A4A" box="[1192,1372,295,320]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB6BDB22FABB4A4A" box="[1192,1372,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bromus inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were entirely consistent with the previous accounts involving
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFCC8DB4EFC484A6F" box="[779,943,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFCC8DB4EFC484A6F" box="[779,943,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFC27DB4EFBD14A6F" box="[996,1078,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFC27DB4EFBD14A6F" box="[996,1078,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Elymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and with the mines on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFAFCDB4EFA7B4A6F" box="[1343,1436,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dactylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFAFCDB4EFA7B4A6F" box="[1343,1436,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dactylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF05DB6AFEC14A83" box="[198,294,367,393]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phalaris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF05DB6AFEC14A83" box="[198,294,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phalaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from which adults were reared at the same site in the present study (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCBFFBCFBDFDB6AFB414A83" box="[1052,1190,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 4449" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 4449. Leaf mines of Chalepus spp.; 44: C. bicolor on Dichanthelium clandestinum; 45: C. walshii sayi on × Triticosecale; 46: C. walshii walshii on Dactylis glomerata, with egg at far right; 47: C. walshii walshii on Elymus repens (transmitted light); 48: same (reflected light); 49: C. walshii walshii on Phalaris arundinacea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387874/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 4649</figureCitation>
). The egg (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCBFFBCFADCDB6AFA854A83" box="[1311,1378,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) was deposited on the upper leaf surface,
<quantity id="5F529A98FFCBFFBCFDEEDB96FD894AA7" box="[557,622,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
from the apex; the mine was full-depth and without frass, occupying the full width of the leaf from for the apical
<quantity id="5F529A98FFCBFFBCFDA7DBB2FD784ADB" box="[612,671,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
, and with a total length of
<quantity id="5F529A98FFCBFFBCFC13DBB3FBC94ADB" box="[976,1070,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="17.5">17.5 cm</quantity>
. Although all other observations have involved completed mines, the mines on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD5FDBDEFCE34AFE" box="[668,772,475,500]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD5FDBDEFCE34AFE" box="[668,772,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected when the larvae were still feeding. They fed belly-up, and while the puffy mines were pure whitish below, there was green flecking on the upper leaf surface. Frass was expelled from the leaf margins, as with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD05D826FCDF4937" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[710,824,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD05D826FCDF4937" box="[710,824,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and as
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFC4FD826FBD94937" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[908,1086,546,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">Eiseman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
assumed to be the case with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFA40D826FF0F496B" baseAuthorityName="Eiseman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walshii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFA40D826FF0F496B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. walshii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but had not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCBFFBCFF04D86EFBE7481F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF04D86EFBE7481F" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF04D86EFEF6498F" bold="true" box="[199,273,619,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Notes.</emphasis>
We found a single vacated
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD82D86EFD4C498F" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1805" box="[577,683,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD82D86EFD4C498F" box="[577,683,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chalepus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFC81D86EFA7B498F" authority="(Sw.) Gould &amp; C. A. Clark" authorityName="Gould &amp; C. A. Clark" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[834,1436,619,645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFC81D86EFB9F498E" box="[834,1144,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium acuminatum</emphasis>
(Sw.) Gould &amp; C.A.Clark
</taxonomicName>
on
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFF78D88AFEA949A3" box="[187,334,655,681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-07-20">20 July 2019</date>
at East Barndoor Hill, Granby, Hartford Co.,
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFC94D88AFC3949A3" box="[855,990,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
(iNat 203126914). The egg was on the upper leaf surface, suggesting it was a mine of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD5ED8B6FCE949C7" baseAuthorityName="Eiseman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[669,782,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walshii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD5ED8B6FCE949C7" box="[669,782,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. walshii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFC79D8B6FB8749C7" box="[954,1120,691,717]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFC79D8B6FB8749C7" box="[954,1120,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specialist
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB17D8B6FAA249C7" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1236,1349,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB17D8B6FAA249C7" box="[1236,1349,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we are hesitant to accept this as a larval host record for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD1ED8D2FCA849FB" baseAuthorityName="Eiseman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[733,847,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walshii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD1ED8D2FCA849FB" box="[733,847,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. walshii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
until it can be confirmed by the rearing of adults. Also see Notes regarding DNA barcodes under
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD6FD8FEFCFA481F" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[684,797,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD6FD8FEFCFA481F" box="[684,797,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFC97D8FEFC1E481E" box="[852,1017,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="walshii" subSpecies="sayi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFC97D8FEFC1E481E" box="[852,1017,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. walshii sayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
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<mods:title id="DE053193E4F44828D753B3AC341BD24D">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF54D963FDF1488A" blockId="17.[151,534,870,933]" box="[151,534,870,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="C35D8011FFCBFFBCFF54D963FDF1488A" bold="true" box="[151,534,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF54D963FDF1488A" ID-CoL="3GGZ3" authority="(Newman)" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,534,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Glyphuroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF54D963FDF1488A" bold="true" box="[151,534,870,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF54D963FE6A488B" bold="true" box="[151,397,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Glyphuroplata pluto</emphasis>
(Newman)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF54D98EFE7748AF" blockId="17.[151,534,870,933]" box="[151,400,906,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCBFFBCFF5CD98EFF1A48AF" box="[159,253,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCBFFBCFECAD98FFEB548AF" box="[265,338,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 5052" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1014,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,982]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1435,181,989]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 5052. Leaf mines of Glyphuroplata pluto; 50: on Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. fasciculatum; 51: on Digitaria ciliaris; 52: on Digitaria ischaemum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387878/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5052</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCBFFBCFE9ED98EFE6F48AF" box="[349,392,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">134</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCBFFBCFF54D9D6FCEF4D7F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF54D9D6FCA44EEF" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF54D9D6FE9248E6" bold="true" box="[151,373,978,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFEBFD9D6FC324F1B" collectingDate="2019-07-20" collectingDateMax="2022-07-21" collectingDateMin="2019-07-20" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Hartford Co." location="East Barndoor Hill" municipality="Granby" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE5723, CSE7647" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-adult="5" stateProvince="Connecticut">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFEBFD9D6FDA248E7" box="[380,581,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CONNECTICUT</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCBFFBCFD8CD9D6FD0748E7" box="[591,736,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hartford Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCBFFBCFD2FD9D6FCA648E7" box="[748,833,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Granby</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC8FD9D6FBC548E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC8FD9D6FBC548E7" box="[844,1058,979,1005]" county="Hartford Co." municipality="Granby" name="East Barndoor Hill" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Connecticut">East Barndoor Hill</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFBEDD9D6FB5748E7" box="[1070,1200,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-07-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFBEDD9D6FB5748E7" box="[1070,1200,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-07-20">20.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFB2FD9D6FA7F48E7" box="[1260,1432,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-07-23" valueMax="2019-07-29" valueMin="2019-07-23">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFB2FD9D6FA7F48E7" box="[1260,1432,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-07-23" valueMax="2019-07-29" valueMin="2019-07-23">2329.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFF54D9F2FED14F1B" box="[151,310,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFEAFD9F2FDB94F1B" box="[364,606,1015,1041]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ischaemum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFEAFD9F2FDB94F1B" box="[364,606,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria ischaemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFDBCD9F3FD0C4F1B" box="[639,747,1014,1041]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE5723</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFD3DD9F2FCB84F1B" box="[766,863,1015,1041]" count="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">4 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFCADD9F2FC2E4F1B" box="[878,969,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFC22D9F2FF1D4F53" collectingDate="2019-07-20" collectingDateMax="2022-07-21" collectingDateMin="2019-07-20" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Hartford Co." location="East Barndoor Hill" municipality="Granby" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE5723, CSE7647" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-adult="5" stateProvince="Connecticut">
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC22D9F2FB624F1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC22D9F2FB624F1B" box="[993,1157,1015,1041]" county="Hartford Co." municipality="Granby" name="Litchfield Co." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Connecticut">Litchfield Co.</location>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFB56D9F2FAE74F1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFB56D9F2FAE74F1B" box="[1173,1280,1015,1041]" county="Hartford Co." municipality="Granby" name="Salisbury" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Connecticut">Salisbury</location>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFACCD9F2FA7F4F1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFACCD9F2FA7F4F1B" box="[1295,1432,1015,1041]" county="Hartford Co." municipality="Granby" name="Mt. Frissell" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Connecticut">Mt. Frissell</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFF54DE1EFEFE4F3F" box="[151,281,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2022-07-12">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFF54DE1EFEFE4F3F" box="[151,281,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2022-07-12">12.vii.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFE95DE1EFE3F4F3F" box="[342,472,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2022-07-21">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFE95DE1EFE3F4F3F" box="[342,472,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2022-07-21">21.vii.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFE27DE1EFD984F3F" box="[484,639,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD6EDE1EFB484F3F" box="[685,1199,1051,1077]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="acuminatum" subSpecies="fasciculatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD6EDE1EFC024F3E" box="[685,997,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium acuminatum</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFBE3DE1EFB484F3F" box="[1056,1199,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">fasciculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFB0FDE1EFAD04F3F" box="[1228,1335,1051,1077]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE7647</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFA8ADE1EFA7F4F3F" box="[1353,1432,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFF54DE3AFF154F53" box="[151,242,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFEC6DE3AFC5C4F77" collectingDate="2019-06-08" collectingDateMax="2020-06-26" collectingDateMin="2019-06-08" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.70061" location="Notch Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.43084" municipality="Northfield" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE6304, CSE5358" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFEC6DE3AFE1F4F53" box="[261,504,1087,1113]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCBFFBCFDC2DE3AFD764F53" box="[513,657,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCBFFBCFD5FDE3AFCF34F53" box="[668,788,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Northfield</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFCDDDE3AFC7F4F53" box="[798,920,1087,1113]" degrees="42.647288" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="42.64729">42.647288</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFC60DE3AFBC14F53" box="[931,1062,1087,1113]" degrees="72.424999" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-72.424995">-72.424999</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFBF2DE3AFB4C4F53" box="[1073,1195,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-06-17">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFBF2DE3AFB4C4F53" box="[1073,1195,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-06-17">17.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFB25DE3AFA874F53" box="[1254,1376,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-06-26">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFB25DE3AFA874F53" box="[1254,1376,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-06-26">26.vi.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFAAFDE3AFF1D4F77" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFEE6DE66FD814F77" box="[293,614,1123,1149]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFEE6DE66FD814F77" box="[293,614,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium clandestinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFD41DE66FD0A4F77" box="[642,749,1123,1149]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE6304</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFD3DDE66FCAC4F77" box="[766,843,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFC96DE66FC574F77" box="[853,944,1123,1149]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFC02DE66FF1D4FCF" collectingDate="2019-06-08" collectingDateMax="2020-06-26" collectingDateMin="2019-06-08" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.70061" location="Notch Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.43084" municipality="Northfield" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE6304, CSE5358" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC02DE66FB9E4F77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC02DE66FB9E4F77" box="[961,1145,1123,1149]" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.70061" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.43084" municipality="Northfield" name="Notch Mountain" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Notch Mountain</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFB45DE66FAE54F77" box="[1158,1282,1123,1149]" degrees="42.700612" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="42.70061">42.700612</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFACFDE66FA774F77" box="[1292,1424,1123,1149]" degrees="72.430843" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-72.43084">-72.430843</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFF54DE82FEE44FAB" box="[151,259,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-06-08">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFF54DE82FEE44FAB" box="[151,259,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-06-08">8.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFE86DE82FE274FAB" box="[325,448,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-06-24">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFE86DE82FE274FAB" box="[325,448,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-06-24">24.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFE0DDE82FD8C4FAB" box="[462,619,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD5DDE82FB404FAB" box="[670,1191,1159,1185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="acuminatum" subSpecies="fasciculatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD5DDE82FC3E4FAA" box="[670,985,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium acuminatum</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFBDBDE82FB404FAB" box="[1048,1191,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">fasciculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFB04DE83FAD54FAB" box="[1223,1330,1158,1185]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE5358</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFA84DE82FA7F4FAB" box="[1351,1432,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFF54DEAEFF154FCF" box="[151,242,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFEC0DEAEFD984FE3" collectingDate="2017-07-29" collectingDateMax="2017-08-10" collectingDateMin="2017-07-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Durham Co." location="Pelham Rd." municipality="Durham" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE4099" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFEC0DEAEFE1A4FCF" box="[259,509,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCBFFBCFDC5DEAEFD764FCF" box="[518,657,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Durham Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCBFFBCFD58DEAEFD1D4FCF" box="[667,762,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Durham</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFCC7DEAEFC604FCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFCC7DEAEFC604FCF" box="[772,903,1195,1221]" county="Durham Co." municipality="Durham" name="Pelham Rd." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="North Carolina">Pelham Rd.</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFC52DEAEFBF44FCF" box="[913,1043,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-07-29">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFC52DEAEFBF44FCF" box="[913,1043,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-07-29">29.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFBADDEAEFB1F4FCF" box="[1134,1272,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-08-10">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFBADDEAEFB1F4FCF" box="[1134,1272,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-08-10">10.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFAC2DEAEFAF14FCF" box="[1281,1302,1195,1221]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFAD9DEAEFA7F4FCF" box="[1306,1432,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. Feldman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF78DECAFEC44FE2" box="[187,291,1231,1256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF78DECAFEC44FE2" box="[187,291,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFE81DECAFE4A4FE3" box="[322,429,1231,1257]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE4099</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFE01DECAFDF54FE3" box="[450,530,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFDE3DECAFD944FE3" box="[544,627,1231,1257]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFD4BDECAFBFC4E07" collectingDate="2017-07-29" collectingDateMax="2017-08-10" collectingDateMin="2017-07-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Durham Co." location="Pelham Rd." municipality="Durham" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE4099" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCBFFBCFD4BDECAFCF94FE3" box="[648,798,1231,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCBFFBCFCEFDECAFC4B4FE3" box="[812,940,1231,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Laurinburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC79DECAFB224FE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFC79DECAFB224FE3" box="[954,1221,1231,1257]" county="Scotland Co." municipality="Laurinburg" name="St. Andrews University" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">St. Andrews University</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFB10DECBFAD84FE3" box="[1235,1343,1230,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2015-09-03">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFB10DECBFAD84FE3" box="[1235,1343,1230,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2015-09-03">3.ix.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFF54DEF7FEF54E07" box="[151,274,1266,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2015-09-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFF54DEF7FEF54E07" box="[151,274,1266,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2015-09-14">14.ix.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFEE3DEF6FED24E07" box="[288,309,1267,1293]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFE9BDEF6FE5A4E07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFE9BDEF6FE5A4E07" box="[344,445,1267,1293]" name="Feldman" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE31DEF6FD534E07" box="[498,692,1267,1293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE31DEF6FD534E07" box="[498,692,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFD17DEF6FCD94E07" box="[724,830,1267,1293]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE2111</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFC97DEF6FC414E07" box="[852,934,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFC76DEF6FBF74E07" box="[949,1040,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFBE4DEF6FCD14E3B" collectingDate="2017-07-29" collectingDateMax="2017-08-10" collectingDateMin="2017-07-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Durham Co." location="Pelham Rd." municipality="Durham" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE4099" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFBE4DEF6FB574E07" box="[1063,1200,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-08-31">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFBE4DEF6FB574E07" box="[1063,1200,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-08-31">31.viii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFB37DEF6FA864E07" box="[1268,1377,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-09-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFB37DEF6FA864E07" box="[1268,1377,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-09-04">4.ix.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFAB3DEF6FA624E07" box="[1392,1413,1267,1293]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFF54DF12FF1B4E3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFF54DF12FF1B4E3B" box="[151,252,1303,1329]" name="Feldman" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFEE5DF12FE044E3B" box="[294,483,1303,1329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFEE5DF12FE044E3B" box="[294,483,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFE3DDF12FD8E4E3B" box="[510,617,1303,1329]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE2970</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFDBADF12FD214E3B" box="[633,710,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFD13DF12FCCC4E3B" box="[720,811,1303,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFCFFDF13FDA64E5F" collectingDate="2017-07-29" collectingDateMax="2017-08-10" collectingDateMin="2017-07-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Durham Co." location="Pelham Rd." municipality="Durham" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE4099" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFCFFDF13FC504E3B" box="[828,951,1302,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-09-15">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFCFFDF13FC504E3B" box="[828,951,1302,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-09-15">15.ix.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFC2CDF12FB8E4E3B" box="[1007,1129,1303,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-09-16">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFC2CDF12FB8E4E3B" box="[1007,1129,1303,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-09-16">16.ix.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFBB0DF12FB6F4E3B" box="[1139,1160,1303,1329]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFB66DF12FAED4E3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFB66DF12FAED4E3B" box="[1189,1290,1303,1329]" name="Feldman" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFAF7DF12FF014E5F" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFAF7DF12FF014E5F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFEC0DF3EFE894E5F" box="[259,366,1339,1365]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE3004</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFE42DF3EFE284E5F" box="[385,463,1339,1365]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFE19DF3EFDD24E5F" box="[474,565,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFD8BDF3EFEBB4E73" collectingDate="2017-07-29" collectingDateMax="2017-08-10" collectingDateMin="2017-07-29" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Durham Co." location="Pelham Rd." municipality="Durham" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE4099" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFD8BDF3EFD5C4E5F" box="[584,699,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-10-17">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFD8BDF3EFD5C4E5F" box="[584,699,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-10-17">17.x.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFCD9DF3EFC624E5F" box="[794,901,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-04-06">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFCD9DF3EFC624E5F" box="[794,901,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-04-06">6.iv.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFC53DF3EFC424E5F" box="[912,933,1339,1365]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFC07DF3EFBCE4E5F" box="[964,1065,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Feldman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB95DF3EFAF34E5F" box="[1110,1300,1339,1365]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB95DF3EFAF34E5F" box="[1110,1300,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFAF2DF3EFA7B4E5F" box="[1329,1436,1339,1365]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE3400</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFF61DF5AFF144E73" box="[162,243,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFEC2DF5AFEB34E73" box="[257,340,1375,1401]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFEAADF5AFCA64E97" collectingDate="2018-06-01" collectingDateMax="2018-06-14" collectingDateMin="2018-06-01" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" location="Mehan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE4619" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFEAADF5AFDF64E73" box="[361,529,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCBFFBCFDDDDF5AFD714E73" box="[542,662,1375,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFD67DF5AFD124E73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFD67DF5AFD124E73" box="[676,757,1375,1401]" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" name="Mehan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Mehan</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFCC0DF5AFC424E73" box="[771,933,1375,1401]" degrees="36.014339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="36.01434">36.014339° N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFC79DF5AFB844E73" box="[954,1123,1375,1401]" degrees="96.996744" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-96.99674">96.996744° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFBB3DF5AFB3B4E73" box="[1136,1244,1375,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-06-01">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFBB3DF5AFB3B4E73" box="[1136,1244,1375,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-06-01">1.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFADEDF5AFA7F4E73" box="[1309,1432,1375,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-06-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFADEDF5AFA7F4E73" box="[1309,1432,1375,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-06-14">14.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFF54DF86FED34E97" box="[151,308,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFEAFDF86FE334E96" box="[364,468,1411,1436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFEAFDF86FE334E96" box="[364,468,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFE35DF86FD864E97" box="[502,609,1411,1437]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE4619</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFDB9DF86FD294E97" box="[634,718,1411,1437]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFD1CDF86FCDD4E97" box="[735,826,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFC91DF86FCD84EEF" collectingDate="2020-07-02" collectingDateMax="2020-07-07" collectingDateMin="2020-07-02" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman &amp; J. A. Blyth" county="Co." latitude="41.43322" location="Carter Preserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.688156" municipality="Charlestown" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CSE6357" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Rhode Island">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFC91DF86FBCD4E97" box="[850,1066,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">RHODE ISLAND</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFBF9DF86FB584E97" box="[1082,1215,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Washington</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCBFFBCFB0FDF86FB114E97" box="[1228,1270,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCBFFBCFACBDF86FA7F4E97" box="[1288,1432,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Charlestown</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFF54DFA2FEA04ECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCBFFBFFF54D963FC3B4CBC:9D7561A6FFCBFFBCFF54DFA2FEA04ECB" box="[151,327,1447,1473]" county="Co." latitude="41.43322" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.688156" municipality="Charlestown" name="Carter Preserve" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Rhode Island">Carter Preserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFE90DFA2FE2A4ECB" box="[339,461,1447,1473]" degrees="41.433219" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="41.43322">41.433219</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCBFFBCFE1BDFA3FDBB4ECB" box="[472,604,1446,1473]" degrees="71.688155" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-71.688156">-71.688155</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFDA4DFA2FD3C4ECB" box="[615,731,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-07-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFDA4DFA2FD3C4ECB" box="[615,731,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-07-02">2.vii.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFCD4DFA2FC6C4ECB" box="[791,907,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-07-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCBFFBCFCD4DFA2FC6C4ECB" box="[791,907,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2020-07-07">7.vii.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFC54DFA2FBC94ECB" box="[919,1070,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCBFFBCFB90DFA2FB2E4ECB" box="[1107,1225,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">J.A. Blyth</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB35DFA2FE0D4EEE" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dichotomum" subSpecies="microcarpon">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB35DFA2FEC64EEF" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium dichotomum</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE99DFCEFE0D4EEE" box="[346,490,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">microcarpon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCBFFBCFDC5DFCFFD954EEF" box="[518,626,1482,1509]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CSE6357</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCBFFBCFD40DFCEFD354EEF" box="[643,722,1483,1509]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFD1EDFCEFCDF4EEF" box="[733,824,1483,1509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF04DFEBFCEF4D7F" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF04DFEBFE3D4D02" bold="true" box="[199,474,1518,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Other collected mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFE26DFEAFC274D27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFE26DFEAFD3F4D03" box="[485,728,1519,1545]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
: Franklin Co., Northfield, 276 Old Wendell Rd.,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFADFDFEAFA7F4D03" box="[1308,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-08-08">8.viii.2019</date>
, J.A. Blyth &amp; C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE28DC16FD074D27" box="[491,736,1555,1581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE28DC16FD074D27" box="[491,736,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria sanguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 203130620);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFC08DC16FD514D5B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Worcester Co., Southbridge,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFADEDC16FA7F4D27" box="[1309,1432,1555,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-06-22">22.vi.2016</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF54DC32FE334D5B" box="[151,468,1591,1617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF54DC32FE334D5B" box="[151,468,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium dichotomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 203130244);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCBFFBCFD00DC32FCEF4D7F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFD00DC32FC244D5B" box="[707,963,1591,1617]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
: Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCBFFBCFED9DC5FFE734D7F" box="[282,404,1626,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2015-09-10">10.ix.2015</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCBFFBCFE5CDC5EFE534D7F" box="[415,436,1627,1653]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</collectionCode>
.S. Feldman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFD81DC5EFCE64D7F" box="[578,769,1627,1653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFD81DC5EFCE64D7F" box="[578,769,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCBFFBFFF04DC7AFC184C09" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCBFFBCFF04DC7AFB234CD7" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF04DC7AFEF64D93" bold="true" box="[199,273,1663,1689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFED4DC7AFE904D93" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[279,375,1663,1689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
: *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE4DDC7AFD284D93" box="[398,719,1663,1689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE4DDC7AFD284D93" box="[398,719,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium clandestinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gould,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFC9BDC7AFBE44D93" box="[856,1027,1663,1689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFC9BDC7AFBE44D93" box="[856,1027,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. dichotomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gould,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB4FDC7AFF3A4DB7" authority="(Elliott) Gould" authorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityName="Elliott" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanuginosum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB4FDC7AFAD94D93" box="[1164,1342,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. lanuginosum</emphasis>
(Elliott) Gould
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF39DCA6FC434DB7" authority="(Torr.) Freckmann &amp; Lelong" authorityName="Freckmann &amp; Lelong" baseAuthorityName="Torr." box="[250,932,1699,1725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="acuminatum" subSpecies="fasciculatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF39DCA6FE444DB6" box="[250,419,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D.acuminatum</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE15DCA6FD824DB7" box="[470,613,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">fasciculatum</emphasis>
(Torr.) Freckmann &amp;Lelong
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFC77DCA6FA7A4DB7" authority="(Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr." authorityName="Mohlenbr. (Ford &amp; Cavey" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Muhl. ex Elliott" box="[948,1437,1699,1725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpon">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFC77DCA6FB844DB6" box="[948,1123,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. microcarpon</emphasis>
(Muhl.ex Elliott)Mohlenbr.
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF73DCC2FC094DEB" authority="(Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann &amp; Lelong" authorityName="Freckmann &amp; Lelong" baseAuthorityName="Elliott" box="[176,1006,1735,1761]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dichotomum" subSpecies="microcarpon">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF73DCC2FEBA4DEB" box="[176,349,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. dichotomum</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE55DCC2FDC14DEA" box="[406,550,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">microcarpon</emphasis>
(Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann &amp; Lelong
</taxonomicName>
), *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFBCDDCC2FA914DEB" authority="(Retz.) Koeler" authorityName="Koeler" baseAuthorityName="Retz." box="[1038,1398,1735,1761]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFBCDDCC2FB2A4DEB" box="[1038,1229,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
(Retz.) Koeler
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFA42DCC2FE354C0F" authority="(Schreb.) Muhl." authorityName="Muhl." baseAuthorityName="Schreb." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ischaemum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFA42DCC2FEF24C0F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. ischaemum</emphasis>
(Schreb.) Muhl.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE1DDCEEFD664C0F" box="[478,641,1771,1797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE1DDCEEFD664C0F" box="[478,641,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. sanguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Scop.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFCCBDCEEFC304C0F" box="[776,983,1771,1797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capillare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFCCBDCEEFC304C0F" box="[776,983,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Panicum capillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFBC5DCEEFB624C0F" author="Frost, S. W." box="[1030,1157,1771,1797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="457 - 468" refId="ref45466" refString="Frost, S. W. (1924) The leaf mining habit in the Coleoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 17, 457 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 17.4.457" type="journal article" year="1924">Frost 1924</bibRefCitation>
). The record of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFAFADCEEFA7A4C0E" box="[1337,1437,1771,1796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFAFADCEEFA7A4C0E" box="[1337,1437,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Panicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFF16DD0AFE6F4C23" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[213,392,1807,1833]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman (2014)</bibRefCitation>
is uncertain; the plant was a seedling of an undetermined grass with hairy leaves, and it was presumed to be a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFEA0DD36FE204C46" box="[355,455,1843,1868]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFEA0DD36FE204C46" box="[355,455,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Panicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFDFFDD36FD3C4C47" author="Frost, S. W." box="[572,731,1843,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="457 - 468" refId="ref45466" refString="Frost, S. W. (1924) The leaf mining habit in the Coleoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 17, 457 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 17.4.457" type="journal article" year="1924">Frosts (1924)</bibRefCitation>
record from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFCB0DD36FC134C47" box="[883,1012,1843,1869]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capillare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFCB0DD36FC134C47" box="[883,1012,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. capillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we have never found leaf mines on a confirmed
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE8FDD52FE574C7A" box="[332,432,1879,1904]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE8FDD52FE574C7A" box="[332,432,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Panicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Upon reexamining photos of the plant, we find that it is consistent with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFB35DD52FECF4C9F" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanuginosum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFB35DD52FECF4C9F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dichanthelium lanuginosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFE07DD7EFD744C9F" box="[452,659,1915,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capillare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFE07DD7EFD744C9F" box="[452,659,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Panicum capillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFD61DD7EFCA24C9F" author="Staines, C. L." box="[674,837,1914,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref48377" refString="Staines, C. L. (2015) Catalog of the hispines of the world. Available from: https: // naturalhistory. si. edu / research / entomology / collections-overview / coleoptera / catalog-hispines-world (accessed 23 January 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Staines (2015)</bibRefCitation>
additionally listed
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFBDDDD7EFA8F4C9F" authority="Vitman" authorityName="Vitman" box="[1054,1384,1915,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerardii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFBDDDD7EFAEC4C9F" box="[1054,1291,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Andropogon gerardii</emphasis>
Vitman
</taxonomicName>
; this is based on a specimen label from
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCBFFBCFDD8DD9AFDB44CB3" box="[539,595,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Iowa</collectingRegion>
that reads “from B. Blue stem” (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCBFFBCFC07DD9AFBA14CB3" author="Riley, E. G." box="[964,1094,1950,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="428 - 436" refId="ref47865" refString="Riley, E. G. (1985) Review of the North American species of Glyphuroplata Uhmann, 1940 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 58 (3), 428 - 436." type="journal article" year="1985">Riley 1985</bibRefCitation>
). The label likely does refer to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCBFFBCFF54DDC6FEF64CD7" box="[151,273,1987,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerardii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCBFFBCFF54DDC6FEF64CD7" box="[151,273,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. gerardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known as “big bluestem”, but whether the specimen was reared is unclear.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CCD567F5FFC8FFBFFF54D9F3FDF64F3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14387878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387878/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[151,264,1014,1038]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,982]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC8FFBFFF54D9F3FDF64F3B" blockId="18.[151,1436,1014,1074]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF54D9F3FEB24F04" bold="true" box="[151,341,1014,1038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURES 5052.</emphasis>
Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFE33D9F3FD584F04" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[496,703,1014,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Glyphuroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFE33D9F3FD584F04" box="[496,703,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Glyphuroplata pluto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFD0ED9F3FD084F04" bold="true" box="[717,751,1014,1038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">50:</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFCD5D9F3FB004F04" box="[790,1255,1014,1038]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="acuminatum" subSpecies="fasciculatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFCD5D9F3FBD64F04" box="[790,1073,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dichanthelium acuminatum</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFBA5D9F3FB004F04" box="[1126,1255,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fasciculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFB36D9F3FAF14F04" bold="true" box="[1269,1302,1014,1038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">51:</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFAFDD9F2FF384F38" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFAFDD9F2FF384F38" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF2FDE1FFEE94F38" bold="true" box="[236,270,1050,1074]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">52:</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFEF7DE1EFDEC4F38" box="[308,523,1050,1074]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ischaemum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFEF7DE1EFDEC4F38" box="[308,523,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Digitaria ischaemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC8FFBFFF04DE65FDA64D20" blockId="18.[151,1437,1120,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF04DE65FEC04F70" bold="true" box="[199,295,1120,1146]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Biology.</emphasis>
The only previous description of a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFD76DE65FC7D4F70" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[693,922,1120,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Glyphuroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFD76DE65FC7D4F70" box="[693,922,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Glyphuroplata pluto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mine is that of
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC8FFBFFB8BDE65FB1B4F70" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[1096,1276,1120,1146]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, who reported a full-depth blotch mine with frass in long, crisscrossing strands, in what was thought to be a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFB0FDE80FAD74F94" box="[1228,1328,1157,1182]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFB0FDE80FAD74F94" box="[1228,1328,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Panicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seedling. No egg was found. In subsequent observations we have continued to have difficulty in finding the egg, but it was found in one mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFE4EDEC8FDAC4FEC" box="[397,587,1228,1254]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFE4EDEC8FDAC4FEC" box="[397,587,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFD17DEC8FC934FEC" box="[724,884,1228,1254]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ischaemum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFD17DEC8FC934FEC" box="[724,884,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. ischaemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In each case the egg was embedded in the upper leaf surface
<quantity id="5F529A98FFC8FFBFFEE6DEF5FE464E01" box="[293,417,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">1015 mm</quantity>
from the apex, beneath what appeared to be a flap of leaf epidermis (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC8FFBFFB0EDEF5FAC44E00" box="[1229,1315,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). We have observed larvae mining in small leaves to enter a second leaf to complete development, and this habit combined with the concealment of the egg accounts for the difficulty in locating it. The larvae are bright yellow in contrast with the whitish larvae of most hispines we have reared. Although all other
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFBCEDF58FB8B4E7C" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1037,1132,1372,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Glyphuroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFBCEDF58FB8B4E7C" box="[1037,1132,1372,1399]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G. pluto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mines we have seen have matched the description and illustration in
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC8FFBFFDBEDF85FCD74E90" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[637,816,1408,1434]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman (2014)</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC8FFBFFC83DF85FC2D4E91" box="[832,970,1408,1435]" captionStart="FIGURES 5052" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1014,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,982]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1435,181,989]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 5052. Leaf mines of Glyphuroplata pluto; 50: on Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. fasciculatum; 51: on Digitaria ciliaris; 52: on Digitaria ischaemum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387878/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 50, 52</figureCitation>
), those on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFB84DF84FB5E4E90" box="[1095,1209,1408,1434]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFB84DF84FB5E4E90" box="[1095,1209,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are rather different, having a characteristic patchy appearance—particularly when viewed from the lower leaf surface—due to having some patches that are full-depth and some where the mining is confined to the upper mesophyll (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFC8FFBFFB0DDFCDFAC54EE9" box="[1230,1314,1480,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 5052" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1014,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,982]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1435,181,989]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 5052. Leaf mines of Glyphuroplata pluto; 50: on Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. fasciculatum; 51: on Digitaria ciliaris; 52: on Digitaria ischaemum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387878/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). The frass in these mines is mostly in very short fragments rather than the usual long strands. One completed mine was
<quantity id="5F529A98FFC8FFBFFAA7DFE9FA7B4D0D" box="[1380,1436,1516,1543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
long and varied from
<quantity id="5F529A98FFC8FFBFFE49DC15FE1A4D21" box="[394,509,1552,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 6 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC8FFBFFF04DC31FC184C09" blockId="18.[151,1437,1120,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF04DC31FEB34D44" bold="true" box="[199,340,1588,1614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFC8FFBFFE9CDC31FE044D44" box="[351,483,1588,1614]" count="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">Nine adults</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFDCCDC30FD0C4D45" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[527,747,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Baryscapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFDCCDC30FD754D44" box="[527,658,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Baryscapus</emphasis>
Förster
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFD3DDC31FC664D44" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[766,897,1588,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged by
<date id="EC1411BDFFC8FFBFFBE7DC30FB104D45" box="[1060,1271,1588,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2015-09-07">7 September 2015</date>
from a single
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFF54DC5DFE9B4D78" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,380,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Glyphuroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF54DC5DFE9B4D78" box="[151,380,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Glyphuroplata pluto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva mining a leaf of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFDBADC5CFCD04D78" box="[633,823,1624,1650]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFDBADC5CFCD04D78" box="[633,823,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on 3 September (CSE2112, BMNH). A larva collected on 10 September yielded eight
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFDB5DC78FD1E4D9C" box="[630,761,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Baryscapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFDB5DC78FD1E4D9C" box="[630,761,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Baryscapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFCAADC79FBD74D9C" authority="Schrank" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[873,1072,1660,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFCAADC79FC2E4D9C" box="[873,969,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pnigalio</emphasis>
Schrank
</taxonomicName>
(CSE2110, BMNH). The mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFF7DDCA5FE1E4DB0" box="[190,505,1696,1722]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF7DDCA5FE1E4DB0" box="[190,505,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dichanthelium dichotomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produced a single
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFD18DCA5FCDC4DB0" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[731,827,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFD18DCA5FCDC4DB0" box="[731,827,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pnigalio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE2700, BMNH), and the
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC8FFBFFB5FDCA5FAC44DB0" box="[1180,1315,1696,1722]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
collection from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFF16DCC0FE6E4DD4" box="[213,393,1732,1758]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanuginosum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF16DCC0FE6E4DD4" box="[213,393,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. lanuginosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produced a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFDD0DCC0FCDD4DD4" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[531,826,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Hemiptarsenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFDD0DCC0FD5A4DD4" box="[531,701,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hemiptarsenus</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFC8BDCC1FC2C4DD4" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[840,971,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) (CSE7646, CNC / iNat 203132119). No parasitoids have previously been reported from any species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFC97DCEDFC1F4C08" authorityName="Uhmann" authorityYear="1937" box="[852,1016,1768,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Glyphuroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFC97DCEDFC1F4C08" box="[852,1016,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Glyphuroplata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC8FFBFFF04DD09FC3B4CBC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC8FFBFFF04DD09FB284C98" blockId="18.[151,1437,1120,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFF04DD09FEF64C2C" bold="true" box="[199,273,1804,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Notes.</emphasis>
In New
<collectingCountry id="E0BD77EDFFC8FFBFFEBBDD09FE324C2C" box="[376,469,1804,1830]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">England</collectingCountry>
we have often found this species mining leaves of young grasses that are not yet in flower and are thus not identifiable. We determined one
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFCC1DD35FC184C40" box="[770,1023,1840,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFCC1DD35FC4F4C40" box="[770,936,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dichanthelium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by returning later in the season to the patch from which it had been collected; the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFDBFDD50FCDC4C64" box="[636,827,1876,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFDBFDD50FD034C64" box="[636,740,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Digitaria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from Connecticut and Massachusetts were determined by uprooting the host material and growing the plants in pots until they flowered in mid-August.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC8FFBFFF04DD99FC3B4CBC" blockId="18.[151,1437,1120,1975]" box="[199,988,1948,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Our barcoded specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC8FFBFFDC2DD98FDB94CBC" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[513,606,1948,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Glyphuroplata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC8FFBFFDC2DD98FDB94CBC" box="[513,606,1948,1975]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G. pluto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to BIN BOLD:ADO8104.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
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<mods:title id="0A31295DA21EB16C05A5F53AE6ADE79B">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="8003D9DA6EA90D15F45F25670136A82A">5306 Pelham Road, Durham, NC 27713, U. S. A. tracysfeldman @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5939 - 6810</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCCFFBBFF54D963FDC4488A" box="[151,547,870,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF54D963FDC4488A" blockId="22.[151,547,870,933]" box="[151,547,870,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="C35D8011FFCCFFBBFF54D963FDC4488A" bold="true" box="[151,547,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF54D963FDC4488A" ID-CoL="435GT" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,547,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF54D963FDC4488A" bold="true" box="[151,547,870,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF54D963FE76488B" bold="true" box="[151,401,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Microrhopala vittata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCCFFBBFF54D98EFE7748AF" box="[151,400,907,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF54D98EFE7748AF" blockId="22.[151,547,870,933]" box="[151,400,907,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCCFFBBFF5CD98EFF1A48AF" box="[159,253,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCCFFBBFECAD98EFEB548AF" box="[265,338,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 5864" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 5864. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 58: M. laetula on Silphium laciniatum, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 59: other side of same leaf; 60: M. laetula on Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum; 61: M. vittata on Solidago sp.; 62: M. vittata on Solidago rugosa; 63: M. xerene on Symphyotrichum cordifolium; 64: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387884/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">6162</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCCFFBBFE9ED98EFE6F48AF" box="[349,392,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">140</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCCFFBBFF54D9D6FB9A4E73" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF54D9D6FA744FCF" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF54D9D6FDFA48E6" bold="true" box="[151,541,978,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Reared or barcoded specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCCFFBBFDEAD9D6FC0E4F1B" collectingDate="2015-07-11" collectingDateMax="2015-07-20" collectingDateMin="2015-07-11" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="Gunnison Co" location="COLORADO" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="CSE1727" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFDEAD9D6FD2E48E7" box="[553,713,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">COLORADO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFD1AD9D6FC9F48E7" box="[729,888,979,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gunnison Co</collectorName>
.,
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFC4ED9D6FC1F48E7" box="[909,1016,979,1005]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Somerset</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFBCBD9D6FB3748E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83:9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFBCBD9D6FB3748E7" box="[1032,1232,979,1005]" name="Erickson Springs" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Somerset">Erickson Springs</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFB22D9D7FA8548E7" box="[1249,1378,978,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2015-07-11">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFB22D9D7FA8548E7" box="[1249,1378,978,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2015-07-11">11.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFF54D9F3FEFE4F1B" box="[151,281,1014,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2015-07-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFF54D9F3FEFE4F1B" box="[151,281,1014,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2015-07-20">20.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFEE5D9F2FE264F1B" box="[294,449,1015,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE33D9F2FDB34F1B" box="[496,596,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE33D9F2FDB34F1B" box="[496,596,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
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(
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,
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCCFFBBFC36D9F2FB5B4F3F" collectingDate="2008-06-06" collectingDateMax="2008-06-20" collectingDateMin="2008-06-06" collectionCode="T" county="Coles Co." location="Charleston" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Illinois">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFC36D9F2FB974F1B" box="[1013,1136,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ILLINOIS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCCFFBBFBB8D9F2FB0A4F1B" box="[1147,1261,1015,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coles Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="5F529A98FFCCFFBBFB39D9F2FAA54F1B" box="[1274,1346,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mi" value="1.0">1 mile</quantity>
west of
<location id="9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFF54DE1EFEF44F3F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83:9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFF54DE1EFEF44F3F" box="[151,275,1051,1077]" county="Coles Co." name="Charleston" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Illinois">Charleston</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFEE2DE1EFE6A4F3F" box="[289,397,1051,1077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2008-06-06">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFEE2DE1EFE6A4F3F" box="[289,397,1051,1077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2008-06-06">6.vi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFE0DDE1EFDAE4F3F" box="[462,585,1051,1077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2008-06-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFE0DDE1EFDAE4F3F" box="[462,585,1051,1077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2008-06-20">20.vi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCCFFBBFD95DE1EFD8F4F3F" box="[598,616,1051,1077]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T</collectionCode>
.
<location id="9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFDB5DE1EFD3C4F3F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83:9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFDB5DE1EFD3C4F3F" box="[630,731,1051,1077]" name="Harrison" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="ILLINOIS">Harrison</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCCFDE1EFBFF4F3F" box="[780,1048,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCCFDE1EFBFF4F3F" box="[780,1048,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Helianthus occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BG 192485)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCCFFBBFB09DE1EFE0B4F77" collectingDate="2019-06-25" collectingDateMax="2019-07-13" collectingDateMin="2019-06-25" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman &amp; J. A. Blyth" county="Allamakee Co." location="Heritage Valley" municipality="Decorah" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="CSE5571" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Iowa">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFB09DE1EFAFF4F3F" box="[1226,1304,1051,1077]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IOWA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCCFFBBFAE0DE1EFF264F53" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Allamakee Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCCFFBBFF0DDE3AFED74F53" box="[206,304,1087,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Decorah</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFEFFDE3AFE094F53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83:9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFEFFDE3AFE094F53" box="[316,494,1087,1113]" county="Allamakee Co." municipality="Decorah" name="Heritage Valley" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Iowa">Heritage Valley</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFE39DE3BFD934F53" box="[506,628,1086,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2019-06-25">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFE39DE3BFD934F53" box="[506,628,1086,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2019-06-25">25.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFD71DE3AFCD34F53" box="[690,820,1087,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2019-07-13">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFD71DE3AFCD34F53" box="[690,820,1087,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2019-07-13">13.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFC82DE3AFC3D4F53" box="[833,986,1087,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFBC3DE3AFB904F53" box="[1024,1143,1087,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">J.A. Blyth</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFB65DE3AFA714F53" box="[1190,1430,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oligoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFB65DE3AFA714F53" box="[1190,1430,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oligoneuron rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCCFFBBFF65DE67FEF64F77" box="[166,273,1122,1149]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CSE5571</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCCFFBBFEE2DE66FE994F77" box="[289,382,1123,1149]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCCFFBBFE49DE66FE024F77" box="[394,485,1123,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCCFFBBFE3BDE66FB844FAB" collectingDate="2017-07-25" collectingDateMax="2017-07-31" collectingDateMin="2017-07-25" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." location="Old Wendell Rd." municipality="Northfield" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="CSE4026" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFE3BDE66FD0C4F77" box="[504,747,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCCFFBBFD35DE66FC604F77" box="[758,903,1123,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCCFFBBFC50DE66FBEC4F77" box="[915,1035,1123,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Northfield</collectingMunicipality>
, 276
<location id="9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFB8ADE66FAEE4F77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83:9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFB8ADE66FAEE4F77" box="[1097,1289,1123,1149]" county="Franklin Co." municipality="Northfield" name="Old Wendell Rd." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Old Wendell Rd.</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFAD5DE67FA7F4F77" box="[1302,1432,1122,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-07-25">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFAD5DE67FA7F4F77" box="[1302,1432,1122,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-07-25">25.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFF2DDE82FE974FAB" box="[238,368,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-07-31">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFF2DDE82FE974FAB" box="[238,368,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-07-31">31.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFEBEDE82FDFF4FAB" box="[381,536,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFD8BDE82FCE44FAA" box="[584,771,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD8BDE82FCE44FAA" box="[584,771,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCCFFBBFCE3DE82FC6C4FAB" box="[800,907,1159,1185]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CSE4026</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCCFFBBFC5FDE82FC1C4FAB" box="[924,1019,1159,1185]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCCFFBBFBCBDE82FBBC4FAB" box="[1032,1115,1159,1185]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCCFFBBFBACDE82FA774FCF" collectingDate="2017-07-27" collectingDateMax="2017-08-10" collectingDateMin="2017-07-27" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Nantucket Co." location="Sanford Farm" municipality="Nantucket" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="CSE4093" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-larva="3" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCCFFBBFBACDE82FAF24FAB" box="[1135,1301,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nantucket Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCCFFBBFAE1DE82FA7F4FAB" box="[1314,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nantucket</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFF54DEAEFED24FCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCCFFB5FF54D963FD7D4A83:9D7561A6FFCCFFBBFF54DEAEFED24FCF" box="[151,309,1195,1221]" county="Nantucket Co." municipality="Nantucket" name="Sanford Farm" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">Sanford Farm</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFE83DEAEFE254FCF" box="[320,450,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-07-27">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFE83DEAEFE254FCF" box="[320,450,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-07-27">27.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFDE2DEAEFD4C4FCF" box="[545,683,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-08-10">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFDE2DEAEFD4C4FCF" box="[545,683,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2017-08-10">10.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFD75DEAEFCB74FCF" box="[694,848,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCBEDEAEFBD14FCE" box="[893,1078,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCBEDEAEFBD14FCE" box="[893,1078,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCCFFBBFB91DEAEFB5A4FCF" box="[1106,1213,1195,1221]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CSE4093</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCCFFBBFB0EDEAEFACE4FCF" box="[1229,1321,1195,1221]" count="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCCFFBBFAF6DEAEFA6F4FCF" box="[1333,1416,1195,1221]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF04DECBFEA34E3B" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF04DECBFE524FE2" bold="true" box="[199,437,1230,1256]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Collected specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCCFFBBFE7EDECAFEA74E3B" collectingDate="2019-07-02" collectionCode="R" collectorName="University &amp; Larry" location="Ohio State" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="CSE5408" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Ohio">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFE7EDECAFDE04FE3" box="[445,519,1231,1257]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">OHIO</collectingRegion>
: Marion Co.,
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFD67DECAFCFB4FE3" box="[676,796,1231,1257]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ohio State</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFCE6DECAFC7B4FE3" box="[805,924,1231,1257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">University</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFC6BDECAFC014FE3" box="[936,998,1231,1257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Larry</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCCFFBBFC2CDECAFBE24FE3" box="[1007,1029,1231,1257]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFBCCDECAFA7E4FE3" box="[1039,1433,1231,1257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Yoder Prairie Learning Laboratory</collectorName>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFF54DEF6FEEC4E07" box="[151,267,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2019-07-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCCFFBBFF54DEF6FEEC4E07" box="[151,267,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2019-07-02">2.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFEDBDEF6FE564E07" box="[280,433,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCCFFBBFE1BDEF6FDA94E07" box="[472,590,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">J.A. Blyth</collectorName>
,
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFCCFFBBFD98DEF6FC884E07" box="[603,879,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFDBCDEF6FC884E07" box="[639,879,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oligoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFDBCDEF6FC884E07" box="[639,879,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oligoneuron rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, feeding adjacent to vacated mine, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCCFFBBFAD2DEF7FA9A4E07" box="[1297,1405,1266,1293]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CSE5408</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCCFFBBFA53DEF6FF354E3B" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCCFFBBFF1EDF12FEDF4E3B" box="[221,312,1303,1329]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF04DF3EFB9A4E73" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF04DF3EFE244E5E" bold="true" box="[199,451,1338,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Photographed mine.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCCFFBBFE17DF3EFB9A4E73" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFE17DF3EFD204E5F" box="[468,711,1339,1365]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
: Berkshire Co., Lenox, Pleasant Valley Wildlife Sanctuary,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCCFFBBFF54DF5AFEF64E73" box="[151,273,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2021-06-10">10.vi.2021</date>
, C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE00DF5AFD924E73" box="[451,629,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE00DF5AFD924E73" box="[451,629,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago patula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[with adult resting on leaf] (iNat 203232902).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCCFFB5FF04DF86FC184A6F" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF04DF86FEAE4C7B" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF04DF86FEF64E97" bold="true" box="[199,273,1411,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFED6DF86FE734E97" box="[277,404,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE5DDF86FD7A4E97" box="[414,669,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Euthamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE5DDF86FD7A4E97" box="[414,669,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euthamia graminifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Nutt.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCDADF86FC004E97" box="[793,999,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCDADF86FC004E97" box="[793,999,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago altissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFBD1DF86FB4E4E97" box="[1042,1193,1411,1437]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBD1DF86FB4E4E97" box="[1042,1193,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFB17DF86FA7F4E97" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[1236,1432,1411,1437]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFB17DF86FAB64E96" box="[1236,1361,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. gigantea</emphasis>
Aiton
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF54DFA2FEA04ECB" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[151,327,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF54DFA2FF194ECA" box="[151,254,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. juncea</emphasis>
Aiton
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE91DFA2FDAE4ECB" authority="Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." box="[338,585,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Rudbeckia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="missouriensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE91DFA2FDE14ECA" box="[338,518,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. missouriensis</emphasis>
Nutt.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFD96DFA2FD194ECB" authority="Bartl." authorityName="Bartl." box="[597,766,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD96DFA2FD524ECB" box="[597,693,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. mollis</emphasis>
Bartl.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCC9DFA2FBD04ECB" authority="Muhl. ex Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[778,1079,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCC9DFA2FC9B4ECB" box="[778,892,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. *patula</emphasis>
Muhl. ex Willd.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFB81DFA2FB444ECB" box="[1090,1187,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFB81DFA2FB444ECB" box="[1090,1187,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFB12DFA2FA9B4ECB" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[1233,1404,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFB12DFA2FADC4ECA" box="[1233,1339,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. rugosa</emphasis>
Mill.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFA44DFA2FECC4EEE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFA44DFA2FECC4EEE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. sempervirens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE94DFCEFDFA4EEF" authority="Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." box="[343,541,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uliginosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE94DFCEFE3D4EEF" box="[343,474,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. uliginosa</emphasis>
Nutt.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFDE4DFCEFCB94EEF" authority="Muhl. ex Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[551,862,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulmifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFDE4DFCEFD404EEF" box="[551,679,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. ulmifolia</emphasis>
Muhl. ex Willd.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFCAFDFCEFC124EEF" author="Harris, T. W." box="[876,1013,1482,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref46207" refString="Harris, T. W. (1835) Art. IX. - Upon the economy of some American species of Hispa. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 141 - 151." type="journal article" year="1835">Harris 1835</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFBC3DFCEFB5B4EEF" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[1024,1212,1483,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittenden 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFB04DFCEFA704EEF" author="Hendrickson, G. O." box="[1223,1431,1483,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="98 - 99" refId="ref46291" refString="Hendrickson, G. O. (1930) Biologic notes on Microrhopala vittata Fabr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 62, 98 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 6298 - 5" type="journal article" year="1930">Hendrickson 1930</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFF54DFEAFE7F4D03" author="Messina, F. J. &amp; Root, R. B." box="[151,408,1519,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="641 - 646" refId="ref47045" refString="Messina, F. J. &amp; Root, R. B. (1980) Association between leaf beetles and meadow goldenrods (Solidago spp.) in central New York. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 73 (6), 641 - 646. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 73.6.641" type="journal article" year="1980">Messina &amp; Root 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFE65DFEAFD894D03" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[422,622,1519,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE2DDFEAFDCF4D03" box="[494,552,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFD40DFEAFC834D03" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[643,868,1519,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittendens (1902)</bibRefCitation>
record of “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC2FDFEAFB284D03" box="[1004,1231,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC2FDFEAFB284D03" box="[1004,1231,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” may refer either to a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF09DC16FE774D27" box="[202,400,1555,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF09DC16FED04D27" box="[202,311,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euthamia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
or to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE15DC16FD674D27" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[470,640,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odora">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE15DC16FDD14D27" box="[470,566,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. odora</emphasis>
Aiton
</taxonomicName>
; we have found a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC92DC16FC0A4D27" authorityName="Chevrolat in Dejean" authorityYear="1836" box="[849,1005,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC92DC16FC0A4D27" box="[849,1005,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Microrhopala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mine on the latter host in Moore Co.,
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFF54DC32FEA74D5B" box="[151,320,1591,1617]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
(BG 1681380), but the dense mass of stringy frass suggests it was made by a species other than
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFABDDC32FF384D7E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFABDDC32FF384D7E" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFF2EDC5EFE114D7F" author="Messina, F. J. &amp; Root, R. B." box="[237,502,1627,1653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="641 - 646" refId="ref47045" refString="Messina, F. J. &amp; Root, R. B. (1980) Association between leaf beetles and meadow goldenrods (Solidago spp.) in central New York. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 73 (6), 641 - 646. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 73.6.641" type="journal article" year="1980">Messina &amp; Root (1980)</bibRefCitation>
found a few
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFD4ADC5EFD104D7E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[649,759,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD4ADC5EFD104D7E" box="[649,759,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
egg clusters on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC6FDC5EFBB04D7F" box="[940,1111,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Euthamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC6FDC5EFBB04D7F" box="[940,1111,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. graminifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but reported that ovipositing females strongly discriminate against this host. The only beetle mines we have found on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFBBCDC7AFB0B4D93" box="[1151,1260,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Euthamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBBCDC7AFB0B4D93" box="[1151,1260,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euthamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are those of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFABDDC7AFF1C4DB6" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFABDDC7AFF1C4DB6" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported above. We have not checked that each
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCDADCA6FC324DB7" box="[793,981,1699,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCDADCA6FC9A4DB7" box="[793,893,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
listed has been reported as a larval host, but we consider them all likely to be used. Some, and perhaps all, records of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFBCDDCC2FB9A4DEA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1038,1149,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBCDDCC2FB9A4DEA" box="[1038,1149,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFB06DCC2FAB84DEB" box="[1221,1375,1735,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFB06DCC2FACE4DEB" box="[1221,1321,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Silphium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
refer to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF76DCEEFDE14C0F" authority="(Clark et al. 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[181,518,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF76DCEEFECE4C0F" box="[181,297,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. laetula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFEFBDCEEFE194C0F" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[312,510,1771,1797]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE43DCEEFE5D4C0F" box="[384,442,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFD86DCEEFD734C0F" box="[581,660,1771,1797]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Illinois</collectingRegion>
specimen listed above, reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFBF2DCEEFA7F4C0F" authority="Riddell" authorityName="Riddell" box="[1073,1432,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBF2DCEEFADC4C0F" box="[1073,1339,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Helianthus occidentalis</emphasis>
Riddell
</taxonomicName>
, was identified as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFEA1DD0AFE354C22" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[354,466,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFEA1DD0AFE354C22" box="[354,466,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by C.L. Staines from a photograph, but given that this plant is more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF76DD36FEFE4C47" box="[181,281,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF76DD36FEFE4C47" box="[181,281,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Silphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFEBBDD36FE3B4C47" box="[376,476,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFEBBDD36FE3B4C47" box="[376,476,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Solidago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the beetle may actually represent
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCAADD36FC394C47" box="[873,990,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCAADD36FC394C47" box="[873,990,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which Staines does not recognize as a distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF04DD7EFD034CB3" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF04DD7EFE574C9E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[199,432,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF04DD7EFE574C9E" box="[199,432,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Microrhopala vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also recorded from “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFD73DD7EFD0C4C9F" box="[688,747,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD73DD7EFD0C4C9F" box="[688,747,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCC7DD7EFC064C9F" authority="Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." box="[772,993,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Balsamorhiza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCC7DD7EFC784C9F" box="[772,927,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Balsamorhiza</emphasis>
Nutt.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFBDBDD7EFAE54C9F" authority="Greene" authorityName="Greene" box="[1048,1282,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Sericocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBDBDD7EFB4B4C9F" box="[1048,1196,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sericocarpus</emphasis>
Greene
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFACCDD7EFA774C9F" box="[1295,1424,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
), but these may not be larval hosts (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFDD6DD9AFD3F4CB3" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[533,728,1951,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD9FDD9AFD734CB3" box="[604,660,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="CCD567F5FFCDFFBAFF54DC9BFC1C4DF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14387884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387884/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,264,1694,1718]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1670]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCDFFBAFF54DC9BFC1C4DF4" blockId="23.[151,1437,1694,1790]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFF54DC9BFEB34DBC" bold="true" box="[151,340,1694,1718]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURES 5864.</emphasis>
Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFE28DC9BFD4C4DBC" box="[491,683,1694,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFE28DC9BFD9F4DBC" box="[491,632,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Microrhopala</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFD76DC9BFD314DBC" bold="true" box="[693,726,1694,1718]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">58:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFD1FDC9AFCA34DBC" box="[732,836,1694,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFD1FDC9AFCA34DBC" box="[732,836,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFCAADC9BFBD14DBC" box="[873,1078,1694,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFCAADC9BFBD14DBC" box="[873,1078,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Silphium laciniatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with excrement-covered egg at far right;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFF17DCC7FF114DD0" bold="true" box="[212,246,1730,1754]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">59:</emphasis>
other side of same leaf;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFE2EDCC7FDE94DD0" bold="true" box="[493,526,1730,1754]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">60:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFDD7DCC6FD9B4DD0" box="[532,636,1730,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFDD7DCC6FD9B4DD0" box="[532,636,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFD62DCC7FBF44DD0" box="[673,1043,1730,1754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="integrifolium" subSpecies="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFD62DCC7FBF44DD0" box="[673,1043,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFBE3DCC7FBA64DD0" bold="true" box="[1056,1089,1730,1754]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">61:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFB8BDCC6FB4D4DD0" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1096,1194,1731,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFB8BDCC6FB4D4DD0" box="[1096,1194,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFB0CDCC7FAA84DD0" box="[1231,1359,1730,1754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFB0CDCC7FACE4DD0" box="[1231,1321,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Solidago</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFA9ADCC7FA9C4DD0" bold="true" box="[1369,1403,1730,1754]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">62:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFA42DCC6FF3F4DF4" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFA42DCC6FF3F4DF4" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFF3DDCE3FE434DF4" box="[254,420,1766,1790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFF3DDCE3FE434DF4" box="[254,420,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Solidago rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFE71DCE3FE334DF4" bold="true" box="[434,468,1766,1790]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">63:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFE19DCE2FDD84DF4" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[474,575,1767,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFE19DCE2FDD84DF4" box="[474,575,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFDA6DCE3FC6D4DF4" box="[613,906,1766,1790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Symphyotrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFDA6DCE3FC6D4DF4" box="[613,906,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Symphyotrichum cordifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFC5BDCE3FC5E4DF4" bold="true" box="[920,953,1766,1790]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">64:</emphasis>
same.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCDFFBAFF04DD55FB294CDD" blockId="23.[151,1437,1872,2007]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFF04DD55FEC04C60" bold="true" box="[199,295,1872,1898]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Biology.</emphasis>
Eggs are deposited on the lower leaf surface, in clusters or rarely singly, and coated with liquid, dark brown to blackish excrement (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCDFFBAFE33DD71FDA24C85" box="[496,581,1908,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). The leaf mines are brown, full-depth, and formed at the leaf apices (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCDFFBAFAA7DD71FF064CB8" captionStart="FIGURES 5864" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 5864. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 58: M. laetula on Silphium laciniatum, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 59: other side of same leaf; 60: M. laetula on Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum; 61: M. vittata on Solidago sp.; 62: M. vittata on Solidago rugosa; 63: M. xerene on Symphyotrichum cordifolium; 64: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387884/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 6162</figureCitation>
). Frass is deposited in short strips, evenly distributed throughout the mine; this species does not form a dense frass deposit associated with a pupal blister as is done by
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFCDFDDB9FBC54CDC" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[796,1058,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFCDFDDB9FBC54CDC" box="[796,1058,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Microrhopala excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCDFFBAFB9BDDB8FB2F4CDC" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1112,1224,1981,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCDFFBAFB9BDDB8FB2F4CDC" box="[1112,1224,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF04DA93FC184A6F" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF04DA93FEB34BBA" bold="true" box="[199,340,150,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FE12DA92FD114BBB" authority="(Walsh)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[465,758,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Conura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifrons">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FE12DA92FD734BBB" box="[465,660,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Conura albifrons</emphasis>
(Walsh)
</taxonomicName>
(CSE5545, UFES) and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FBCDDA92FAF04BBB" authority="(Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1038,1303,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Conura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odontotae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FBCDDA92FB464BBB" box="[1038,1185,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. odontotae</emphasis>
(Howard)
</taxonomicName>
(CSE5683, UFES) (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF30DABEFE9B4BDF" box="[243,380,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
) emerged on 11 and 18 July, respectively, from pupae of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FC37DABEFB864BDE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1012,1121,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FC37DABEFB864BDE" box="[1012,1121,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in mines on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FB2DDABEFA7B4BDF" box="[1262,1436,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FB2DDABEFA7B4BDF" box="[1262,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Solidago rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on 2 July in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC2FFB5FE4EDADAFE2E4BF3" box="[397,457,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ohio</collectingRegion>
. An adult of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD9BDADAFBC74BF3" authority="(Crawford)" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[600,1056,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD9BDADAFC7A4BF2" box="[600,925,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Neochrysocharis arizonensis</emphasis>
(Crawford)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FBECDADAFB554BF3" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1071,1202,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged on 26 July from the
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFC2FFB5FF3FDB06FE834A17" box="[252,356,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colorado</collectingRegion>
collection (CSE1849, BMNH). Previous records of eulophids from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FB99DB06FAA34A16" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1114,1348,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FB99DB06FAA34A16" box="[1114,1348,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Microrhopala vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FF54DB22FDA84A4B" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,591,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Baryscapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microrhopalae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF54DB22FE204A4B" box="[151,455,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Baryscapus microrhopalae</emphasis>
(Ashmead)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FD98DB22FC4F4A4B" authority="(Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[603,936,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uroplatae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FD98DB22FCD74A4B" box="[603,816,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pnigalio uroplatae</emphasis>
(Howard)
</taxonomicName>
, and a species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FBB0DB22FA7B4A4B" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[1139,1436,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Chrysonotomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FBB0DB22FACB4A4B" box="[1139,1324,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Chrysonotomyia</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
attacking eggs (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FE84DB4EFE2A4A6F" author="Burks, B. D." box="[327,461,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="967 - 1021" refId="ref44060" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Family Eulophidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (eds). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1: Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 967 - 1021." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FE1BDB4EFD734A6F" author="Yoshimoto, C. M." box="[472,660,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="971 - 1000" refId="ref49161" refString="Yoshimoto, C. M. (1983) Review of North American Pnigalio Schrank (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 115, 971 - 1000. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 115971 - 8" type="journal article" year="1983">Yoshimoto 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFC2FFB5FD63DB4EFC144A6F" author="Damman, H. &amp; Cappuccino, N." box="[672,1011,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="163 - 167" refId="ref44858" refString="Damman, H. &amp; Cappuccino, N. (1991) Two forms of egg defence in a chrysomelid beetle: egg clumping and excrement cover. Ecological Entomology, 16 (2), 163 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1991. tb 00205. x" type="journal article" year="1991">Damman &amp; Cappuccino 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFC2FFB5FF04DB6AFD7D4A83" box="[199,666,367,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFC2FFB5FF04DB6AFD7D4A83" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,393]" box="[199,666,367,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FF04DB6AFEF64A83" bold="true" box="[199,273,367,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Notes.</emphasis>
See Notes above under
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFC2FFB5FDE3DB6AFD734A83" box="[544,660,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFC2FFB5FDE3DB6AFD734A83" box="[544,660,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
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<mods:number id="8F9AF1B6C495D94FF13C13007624C830">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="F0BA4C9F7F5C504A0213AB6C1F3A8DB6">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B7082756591584AF562AD2B04EF88EDF">60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="E001178A425B95FD65533BA44DC54701">
<mods:url id="665EEF4226E318DA587902F28E0E1E92">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="BF080D2BD8129661A0262B3EDC4FAF71">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C1654867BAA8B097C51BCD9EBC1C6FDC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79ED1BC0C4A46732FC573BA7C772FAAF" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79453B65B60221F3C1C368ECE0E355EA" type="Zenodo-Dep">14387856</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="86521FD784FBB73F15360523BB94FDB5" type="ZooBank">81E6E742-1FE2-4480-AF93-3D92DF80A737</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1003866BFFCEFFB8FF54DD35FDE14D7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCEFFB8FF54DD35FDE14D7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFCEFFB8FF54DD35FDE14D7F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCEFFB9FF54DD35FDEA4C40" box="[151,525,1840,1867]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCEFFB9FF54DD35FDEA4C40" blockId="20.[151,525,1840,1903]" box="[151,525,1840,1867]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="C35D8011FFCEFFB9FF54DD35FDEA4C40" bold="true" box="[151,525,1840,1867]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCEFFB9FF54DD35FDEA4C40" ID-CoL="435GH" authority="LeConte" authorityName="LeConte" box="[151,525,1840,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCEFFB9FF54DD35FDEA4C40" bold="true" box="[151,525,1840,1867]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCEFFB9FF54DD35FE7E4C41" bold="true" box="[151,409,1840,1867]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Microrhopala laetula</emphasis>
LeConte
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCEFFB9FF54DD51FE2F4C64" box="[151,456,1876,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCEFFB9FF54DD51FE2F4C64" blockId="20.[151,525,1840,1903]" box="[151,456,1876,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCEFFB9FF5CDD51FF1A4C64" box="[159,253,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCEFFB9FECADD51FEB64C65" box="[265,337,1876,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 5864" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 5864. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 58: M. laetula on Silphium laciniatum, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 59: other side of same leaf; 60: M. laetula on Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum; 61: M. vittata on Solidago sp.; 62: M. vittata on Solidago rugosa; 63: M. xerene on Symphyotrichum cordifolium; 64: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387884/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5860</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCEFFB9FE9EDD51FE274C64" box="[349,448,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">137138</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCEFFB8FF54DD99FE2C4A6F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCEFFB8FF54DD99FDAA4A17" blockId="20.[151,1436,1948,2011]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,150,1653]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCEFFB9FF54DD99FE934CBC" bold="true" box="[151,372,1948,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCEFFB9FEB9DD99FD044CD0" collectingDate="2015-07-15" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-15" collectionCode="CSE" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Howard Co." latitude="43.44236" location="Hayden Prairie State Preserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-92.00287" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Iowa">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCEFFB9FEB9DD99FE2F4CBC" box="[378,456,1948,1974]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IOWA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCEFFB9FE13DD99FDBD4CBC" box="[464,602,1948,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Howard Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCEFFB9FDA6DD99FC544CBD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCEFFB8FF54DD35FDE14D7F:9D7561A6FFCEFFB9FDA6DD99FC544CBD" box="[613,947,1948,1975]" county="Howard Co." name="Hayden Prairie State Preserve" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Iowa">Hayden Prairie State Preserve</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCEFFB9FC7EDD99FBD84CBD" box="[957,1087,1948,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2015-07-15">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCEFFB9FC7EDD99FBD84CBD" box="[957,1087,1948,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2015-07-15">15.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCEFFB9FBBADD99FB134CBD" box="[1145,1268,1948,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2015-08-01">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCEFFB9FBBADD99FB134CBD" box="[1145,1268,1948,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2015-08-01">1.viii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCEFFB9FB3CDD99FA7F4CBC" box="[1279,1432,1948,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCEFFB9FF74DDC5FE7F4CD0" box="[183,408,1984,2010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCEFFB9FF74DDC5FE7F4CD0" box="[183,408,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Silphium laciniatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCEFFB9FE70DDC5FE004CD0" box="[435,487,1984,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">CSE</collectionCode>
1904 (
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCEFFB9FDEDDDC5FD9C4CD0" box="[558,635,1984,2010]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCEFFB9FD46DDC5FD3F4CD0" box="[645,728,1984,2010]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCEFFB8FD2ADDC5FF194BDF" collectingDate="2015-07-15" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-15" collectionCode="CSE" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Howard Co." lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" latitude="43.44236" location="Hayden Prairie State Preserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-92.00287" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Iowa">
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCEFFB9FD2ADDC5FC7A4CD0" box="[745,925,1984,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Winneshiek Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCEFFB9FC64DDC4FBD94CD0" box="[935,1086,1984,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MJ Hatfields</collectorName>
farm (
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCEFFB9FB45DDC5FAE54CD0" box="[1158,1282,1984,2010]" degrees="43.442361" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="1" value="43.44236">43.442361</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFCEFFB9FACFDDC5FA774CD0" box="[1292,1424,1984,2010]" degrees="92.002867" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="1" value="-92.00287">-92.002867</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FF54DA93FEF54BBB" box="[151,274,150,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2019-06-25">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCFFFB8FF54DA93FEF54BBB" box="[151,274,150,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2019-06-25">25.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FE89DA92FE234BBB" box="[330,452,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2019-06-27">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCFFFB8FE89DA92FE234BBB" box="[330,452,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2019-06-27">27.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCFFFB8FE0DDA92FD844BBB" box="[462,611,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCFFFB8FD47DA92FD104BBB" box="[644,759,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J.A. Blyth</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FCE3DA92FB514BBB" box="[800,1206,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="integrifolium" subSpecies="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCE3DA92FB514BBB" box="[800,1206,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCFFFB8FB13DA93FAE44BBB" box="[1232,1283,150,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">CSE</collectionCode>
5374 (
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCFFFB8FA8FDA92FA7F4BBB" box="[1356,1432,151,177]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCFFFB8FF54DABEFF154BDF" box="[151,242,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCFFFB8FEC6DABEFBE74BDF" box="[261,1024,186,213]" collectingDate="2015-07-15" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-15" collectionCode="CSE" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Howard Co." latitude="43.44236" location="Hayden Prairie State Preserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-92.00287" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Iowa">
same collection, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FE37DABEFD754BDF" box="[500,658,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2019-07-08" valueMax="2019-07-22" valueMin="2019-07-08">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCFFFB8FE37DABEFD754BDF" box="[500,658,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2019-07-08" valueMax="2019-07-22" valueMin="2019-07-08">822.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, #
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCFFFB8FD6FDABFFD384BDF" box="[684,735,186,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">CSE</collectionCode>
5480 (
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCFFFB8FCE4DABFFC754BDF" box="[807,914,186,213]" count="52" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="adult">52 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCFFFB8FC5EDABEFC1F4BDF" box="[925,1016,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCFFFB8FBC8DABEFB484BF3" collectingDate="2018-06-20" collectingDateMax="2018-07-13" collectingDateMin="2018-06-20" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." location="Marena" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCFFFB8FBC8DABEFB544BDF" box="[1035,1203,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCFFFB8FB7DDABEFAD34BDF" box="[1214,1332,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCFFFB8FA83DABEFA7F4BDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCEFFB8FF54DD35FDE14D7F:9D7561A6FFCFFFB8FA83DABEFA7F4BDF" box="[1344,1432,187,213]" county="Payne Co." name="Marena" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Marena</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FF54DADAFEF54BF3" box="[151,274,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2018-06-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCFFFB8FF54DADAFEF54BF3" box="[151,274,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2018-06-20">20.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FE8EDADAFE2E4BF3" box="[333,457,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2018-06-23">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCFFFB8FE8EDADAFE2E4BF3" box="[333,457,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2018-06-23">23.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCFFFB8FE10DADAFD8D4BF3" box="[467,618,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FD55DADAFC9E4BF3" box="[662,889,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FD55DADAFC9E4BF3" box="[662,889,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Silphium laciniatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #4256.1 (
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCFFFB8FC37DADAFBA54BF3" box="[1012,1090,223,249]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCFFFB8FB8EDADAFB444BF3" box="[1101,1187,223,249]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCFFFB8FB75DADAFDAE4A17" collectingDate="2018-06-20" collectingDateMax="2018-07-13" collectingDateMin="2018-06-20" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." location="Marena" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
same collection, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FF54DB06FEFE4A17" box="[151,281,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2018-07-13">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCFFFB8FF54DB06FEFE4A17" box="[151,281,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2018-07-13">13.vii.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, #4256.2 (
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCFFFB8FE51DB06FE074A17" box="[402,480,259,285]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCFFFB8FE28DB06FDA64A17" box="[491,577,259,285]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFB8FF04DB22FE2C4A6F" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF04DB22FE5E4A4A" bold="true" box="[199,441,294,321]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Photographed mine.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCFFFB8FE03DB22FDE94A4B" box="[448,526,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">IOWA</collectingRegion>
: Winneshiek Co., Decorah Community Prairie,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FBE3DB22FB7D4A4B" box="[1056,1178,295,321]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2018-06-18">18.vi.2018</date>
, MJ Hatfield,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FAFADB22FEFD4A6F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FAFADB22FEFD4A6F" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Silphium perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BG 1626105).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCFFFB8FF04DB6AFCED48C3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFB8FF04DB6AFEBC4937" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF04DB6AFEF64A83" bold="true" box="[199,273,367,393]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hosts.</emphasis>
*
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FEE7DB6AFE414A83" box="[292,422,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE71DB6AFCEE4A83" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[434,777,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE71DB6AFD574A83" box="[434,688,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Silphium integrifolium</emphasis>
Michx.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FCD2DB6AFC484A83" box="[785,943,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCD2DB6AFC484A83" box="[785,943,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">× perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FC1DDB6AFB944A83" box="[990,1139,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FC1DDB6AFB944A83" box="[990,1139,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. laciniatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FB60DB6AFAA44A83" box="[1187,1347,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FB60DB6AFAA44A83" box="[1187,1347,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. This species also feeds on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE46DB96FD444AA7" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[389,675,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terebinthinaceum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE46DB96FD834AA7" box="[389,612,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. terebinthinaceum</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FCF9DB96FBEE4AA7" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[826,1033,403,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCBDDB96FC514AA7" box="[894,950,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, but it is unclear whether this record refers to adults or larvae.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FE02DBB2FD914ADB" author="Popenoe, E. A." box="[449,630,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="21 - 40" refId="ref47532" refString="Popenoe, E. A. (1877) A list of Kansas Coleoptera. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 5, 21 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3623498" type="journal article" year="1877">Popenoe (1877)</bibRefCitation>
reported it being found on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FC75DBB2FB804ADB" box="[950,1127,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FC75DBB2FB804ADB" box="[950,1127,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Solidago rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCFFFB8FB71DBB2FAE14ADB" box="[1202,1286,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Kansas</collectingRegion>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FA83DBB2FEE04AFF" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FA4BDBB2FF534AFF" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
suggest this record may be based on misidentified
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FC88DBDEFB5B4AFF" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[843,1212,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FC88DBDEFBD14AFE" box="[843,1078,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microrhopala vittata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
. It is possible that a specimen of “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FEF1DBFAFE784912" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[306,415,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FEF1DBFAFE784912" box="[306,415,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FDF8DBFAFD514913" box="[571,694,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FDF8DBFAFD514913" box="[571,694,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Helianthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCFFFB8FD1BDBFAFCC04913" box="[728,807,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Illinois</collectingRegion>
is actually
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FC64DBFAFBFD4913" box="[935,1050,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FC64DBFAFBFD4913" box="[935,1050,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FBB8DBFAFB0F4912" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1147,1256,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FBB8DBFAFB0F4912" box="[1147,1256,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species account below for details.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFB8FF04D843FCED48C3" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF04D843FEC0496A" bold="true" box="[199,295,582,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Biology.</emphasis>
As with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE53D842FD9B496A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[400,636,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE53D842FD9B496A" box="[400,636,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microrhopala vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, eggs are deposited in clusters on the lower leaf surface and coated in dark, liquid excrement (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCFFFB8FE69D86EFE18498F" box="[426,511,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FDDED86EFCE3498F" author="Hendrickson, G. O." box="[541,772,619,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="98 - 99" refId="ref46291" refString="Hendrickson, G. O. (1930) Biologic notes on Microrhopala vittata Fabr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 62, 98 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 6298 - 5" type="journal article" year="1930">Hendrickson (1930)</bibRefCitation>
, apparently referring to this species, reported
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FAD7D86EFA77498E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1300,1424,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FAD7D86EFAD4498E" box="[1300,1331,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FA8BD86EFA77498E" box="[1352,1424,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” eggs being laid on the upper surface of a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FDA6D88AFCAF49A3" box="[613,840,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FDA6D88AFCAF49A3" box="[613,840,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Silphium laciniatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
basal leaf. In our experience it is sometimes difficult to determine which leaf surface is which on this host, due to the vertical orientation of the leaves.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FB2DD8B6FF0549FB" author="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref46688" refString="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2022) Microrhopala laetula LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on Silphium perfoliatum (Linnaeus) (Asterales: Asteraceae) in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 101, 41 - 59." type="journal article" year="2022">Johnson &amp; Boe (2022)</bibRefCitation>
stated that on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE4FD8D2FDCB49FB" box="[396,556,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE4FD8D2FDCB49FB" box="[396,556,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“the eggs are placed at the distal adaxial area of the leaf (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCFFFB8FB04D8D2FACE49FB" box="[1223,1321,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 5</figureCitation>
),” but the caption for their
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCFFFB8FE97D8FEFE54481F" box="[340,435,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 5</figureCitation>
correctly indicates that the eggs are on the abaxial surface.) Larvae mine gregariously to form a brown, full-depth blotch mine, typically at the leaf apex, with frass evenly distributed in short strips (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCFFFB8FAA7D91AFF054857" captionStart="FIGURES 5864" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[151,1435,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 5864. Leaf mines of Microrhopala spp.; 58: M. laetula on Silphium laciniatum, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 59: other side of same leaf; 60: M. laetula on Silphium integrifolium× perfoliatum; 61: M. vittata on Solidago sp.; 62: M. vittata on Solidago rugosa; 63: M. xerene on Symphyotrichum cordifolium; 64: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387884/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 5860</figureCitation>
). In our experience they readily establish new mines in fresh leaves when necessary, whereas
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FAE2D946FEF0488B" author="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref46688" refString="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2022) Microrhopala laetula LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on Silphium perfoliatum (Linnaeus) (Asterales: Asteraceae) in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 101, 41 - 59." type="journal article" year="2022">Johnson &amp; Boe (2022)</bibRefCitation>
cited “persistent group mining within a protective single leaf of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FC33D962FB77488B" box="[1008,1168,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FC33D962FB77488B" box="[1008,1168,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” as characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FABDD962FF0248AF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FABDD962FF0248AF" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in contrast with the host leaf changing that is commonly observed in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FBC5D98EFB9248AE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1030,1141,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FBC5D98EFB9248AE" box="[1030,1141,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which they hypothesized makes larvae of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE8CD9AAFE5A48C2" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[335,445,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE8CD9AAFE5A48C2" box="[335,445,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more likely to be parasitized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCFFFB8FF04D9D6FDE14D7F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFB8FF04D9D6FDE14D7F" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF04D9D6FEF648E7" bold="true" box="[199,273,979,1005]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Notes.</emphasis>
As summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FE2DD9D6FD0948E7" author="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A." box="[494,750,979,1005]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref46688" refString="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2022) Microrhopala laetula LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on Silphium perfoliatum (Linnaeus) (Asterales: Asteraceae) in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 101, 41 - 59." type="journal article" year="2022">Johnson &amp; Boe (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, 19
<superScript id="6FDF9A35FFCFFFB8FCD6D9D7FCC548EA" attach="left" box="[789,802,978,992]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">th</superScript>
century authors alternately treated
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FB6FD9D6FA7B48E7" box="[1196,1436,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FB6FD9D6FA7B48E7" box="[1196,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microrhopala laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a full species or as a variety of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FDCED9F2FD9D4F1A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[525,634,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FDCED9F2FD9D4F1A" box="[525,634,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FD44D9F2FCFD4F1B" author="Weise, J." box="[647,794,1015,1041]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref48890" refString="Weise, J. (1911) Chrysomelidae: Hispinae. Coleopterorum catalogus, 35, 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1911">Weise (1911)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FCA7D9F2FC304F1B" box="[868,983,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCA7D9F2FC304F1B" box="[868,983,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FB5AD9F2FAE14F1A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1177,1286,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FB5AD9F2FAE14F1A" box="[1177,1286,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this was followed by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FEE6DE1EFE0C4F3F" author="McCauley, R. H. Jr." box="[293,491,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="145 - 168" refId="ref46905" refString="McCauley, R. H. Jr. (1938) A revision of the genus Microrhopala in North America, north of Mexico. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (4), 145 - 168." type="journal article" year="1938">McCauley (1938)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FDE1DE1EFD554F3F" author="Clark, S. M." box="[546,690,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="597 - 618" refId="ref44587" refString="Clark, S. M. (1983) A revision of the genus Microrhopala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America north of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (4), 597 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4488" type="journal article" year="1983">Clark (1983)</bibRefCitation>
in their revisions of the genus, as well as by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FB6FDE1EFAAF4F3F" author="Staines, C. L." box="[1196,1352,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref48340" refString="Staines, C. L. (2006) The Hispine Beetles of America North of Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Virgina Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 13, 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="2006">Staines (2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FA97DE1FFA764F3F" author="Staines, C. L." box="[1364,1425,1050,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref48377" refString="Staines, C. L. (2015) Catalog of the hispines of the world. Available from: https: // naturalhistory. si. edu / research / entomology / collections-overview / coleoptera / catalog-hispines-world (accessed 23 January 2020)." type="url" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FEC8DE3AFDF94F53" author="Downie, N. M. &amp; Arnett, R. H. Jr." box="[267,542,1087,1113]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref44946" refString="Downie, N. M. &amp; Arnett, R. H. Jr. (1996) The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Volume II: Polyphaga: Series Bostrichiformia through Curculionoidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 1721 pp." type="book" year="1996">Downie &amp; Arnett (1996)</bibRefCitation>
treated the two as distinct species, with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FC23DE3AFBA94F52" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[992,1102,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FC23DE3AFBA94F52" box="[992,1102,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being found on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FAC7DE3AFA7A4F53" box="[1284,1437,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FAC7DE3AFA8F4F53" box="[1284,1384,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Solidago</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FF05DE66FEDF4F77" box="[198,312,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF05DE66FEDF4F77" box="[198,312,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FEA3DE66FDAA4F77" box="[352,589,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FEA3DE66FDAA4F77" box="[352,589,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Silphium perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; adults of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FD03DE66FCCA4F76" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[704,813,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FD03DE66FCCA4F76" box="[704,813,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the “pronotal and elytral punctures coarse; reddish elytral stripe usually complete” (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCFFFB8FDCCDE82FD954FAB" box="[527,626,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
), as opposed to “pronotum and elytra punctures not as coarse; reddish elytral stripe often abbreviated to short humeral stripe” in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FCDFDEAEFC684FCF" box="[796,911,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCDFDEAEFC684FCF" box="[796,911,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCFFFB8FC5DDEAEFBA44FCF" box="[926,1091,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 137138</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FB96DEAEFB034FCF" author="Clark, S. M." box="[1109,1252,1195,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref44640" refString="Clark, S. M. (2000) An annotated list of the leaf beetles of West Virginia (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae, Megalopodidae, Chrysomelidae exclusive of Bruchinae). Occasional Publications of the West Virginia Department of Agriculture, 1, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="2000">Clark (2000)</bibRefCitation>
agreed with this assessment, stating that
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE5CDECAFDF64FE3" box="[415,529,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE5CDECAFDF64FE3" box="[415,529,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct species occurring in natural prairie areas of several Midwestern states, and citing the same distinguishing characters (along with the differing host plants): “the orange vittae usually do not extend beyond the middle of the elytra, and the strial punctures of the elytra are much smaller than in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FAD8DF12FA6E4E3A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1307,1417,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FAD8DF12FA6E4E3A" box="[1307,1417,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.”
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FF54DF3EFE7E4E5F" author="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A." box="[151,409,1339,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref46688" refString="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2022) Microrhopala laetula LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on Silphium perfoliatum (Linnaeus) (Asterales: Asteraceae) in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 101, 41 - 59." type="journal article" year="2022">Johnson &amp; Boe (2022)</bibRefCitation>
noted possible differences between larvae of the two species.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FB98DF3EFACC4E5F" author="Riley, E. G. &amp; Clark, S. M. &amp; Seeno, T. N." box="[1115,1323,1339,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref47909" refString="Riley, E. G., Clark, S. M. &amp; Seeno, T. N. (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 1, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="2003">
Riley
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FB63DF3EFB3E4E5F" box="[1184,1241,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
listed IA, IL, IN, KS, MN, and WI as the confirmed distribution of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FCE1DF5AFC714E73" box="[802,918,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCE1DF5AFC714E73" box="[802,918,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCFFFB8FC1DDF5AFB9F4E73" box="[990,1144,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
added by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FB2DDF5AFF034E97" author="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref46688" refString="Johnson, P. J. &amp; Boe, A. (2022) Microrhopala laetula LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on Silphium perfoliatum (Linnaeus) (Asterales: Asteraceae) in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 101, 41 - 59." type="journal article" year="2022">Johnson &amp; Boe (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, so our
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCFFFB8FE83DF86FE524E97" box="[320,437,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
specimens (not examined by S.M. Clark) would represent a new state record. Although the differences in puncture size are unclear in our photographed specimens of the two species and the reddish stripes of our reared
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FEECDFCEFE454EEF" box="[303,418,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FEECDFCEFE454EEF" box="[303,418,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vary in length from about ⅓ to the full length of the elytra, we accept
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FB7BDFCEFACC4EEF" box="[1208,1323,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FB7BDFCEFACC4EEF" box="[1208,1323,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. laetula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species based on the barcode of our specimen reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FCFBDFEAFBFA4D03" box="[824,1053,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laciniatum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCFBDFEAFBFA4D03" box="[824,1053,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Silphium laciniatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BIN BOLD:ADF6349) showing a difference of 6.42% or more from all other
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FD62DC16FCF74D26" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[673,784,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FD62DC16FCF74D26" box="[673,784,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
barcodes (BIN BOLD:AAH0112). We look forward to a future revision of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FEA2DC32FE1A4D5B" authorityName="Chevrolat in Dejean" authorityYear="1836" box="[353,509,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FEA2DC32FE1A4D5B" box="[353,509,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microrhopala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that will clarify the “subtle but consistent” morphological differences between the two species (S.M. Clark,
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE70DC5EFE084D7F" box="[435,495,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">in litt</emphasis>
.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFB8FF54DCC3FD7B4DEA" blockId="21.[151,668,1734,1797]" box="[151,668,1734,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="C35D8011FFCFFFB8FF54DCC3FD7B4DEA" bold="true" box="[151,668,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FF54DCC3FD7B4DEA" ID-CoL="435GP" authority="(Mannerheim)" authorityName="Staines" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Mannerheim" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[151,668,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrolineata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF54DCC3FD7B4DEA" bold="true" box="[151,668,1734,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF54DCC3FE394DEB" bold="true" box="[151,478,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microrhopala rubrolineata</emphasis>
(Mannerheim)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCFFFB8FF54DCEEFD454C7B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFB8FF54DCEEFEE04C0F" blockId="21.[151,668,1734,1797]" box="[151,263,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFCFFFB8FF5CDCEEFF184C0F" box="[159,255,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFB8FF54DD37FD454C7B" blockId="21.[151,1437,1842,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF54DD37FE634C46" bold="true" box="[151,388,1842,1868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Collected specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFCFFFB8FE49DD36FD784C7B" collectingDate="2017-03-05" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Pima Co." location="Soldier Trail" municipality="Coronado National Forest" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="CSE3166" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Arizona">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCFFFB8FE49DD36FDEA4C47" box="[394,525,1843,1869]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ARIZONA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFCFFFB8FDDBDD36FD644C47" box="[536,643,1843,1869]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pima Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFCFFFB8FD53DD36FC504C47" box="[656,951,1843,1869]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coronado National Forest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFCFFFB8FC00DD36FBB44C47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFCFFFBBFF54DCC3FB8D481F:9D7561A6FFCFFFB8FC00DD36FBB44C47" box="[963,1107,1843,1869]" county="Pima Co." municipality="Coronado National Forest" name="Soldier Trail" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Arizona">Soldier Trail</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFCFFFB8FB9CDD37FB2A4C47" box="[1119,1229,1842,1869]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2017-03-05">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFCFFFB8FB9CDD37FB2A4C47" box="[1119,1229,1842,1869]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2017-03-05">5.iii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFCFFFB8FB1ADD36FA934C47" box="[1241,1396,1843,1869]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFCFFFB8FA43DD36FEB64C7B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FF54DD52FEB64C7B" authorityName="A. Gray ex Torr. (Clark" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,337,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Encelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="farinosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF54DD52FEB64C7B" box="[151,337,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Encelia farinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFCFFFB8FEAEDD52FE3F4C7B" box="[365,472,1879,1905]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">CSE3166</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFCFFFB8FE29DD52FDDE4C7B" box="[490,569,1879,1905]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFCFFFB8FD87DD52FD704C7B" box="[580,663,1879,1905]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCFFFBBFF04DD7EFEDF49FB" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCFFFBBFF04DD7EFCF64A17" blockId="21.[151,1437,1842,2013]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FF04DD7EFEF64C9F" bold="true" box="[199,273,1915,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FED4DD7EFE714C9F" box="[279,406,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE62DD7EFB024C9F" authority="(Benth.) W. W. Payne (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976 a)" authorityName="W. W. Payne (Goeden &amp; Ricker" authorityYear="1976" box="[417,1253,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chenopodiifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE62DD7EFD234C9F" box="[417,708,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ambrosia chenopodiifolia</emphasis>
(Benth.) W.W. Payne (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FC0BDD7EFB3A4C9F" author="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W." box="[968,1245,1915,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="923 - 930" refId="ref45838" refString="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W. (1976 a) The phytophagous insect faunas of the ragweeds, Ambrosia chenopodiifolia, A. eriocentra, and A. ilicifolia, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 5 (5), 923 - 930. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 5.5.923" type="journal article" year="1976">Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FB32DD7EFF214CB3" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilostachya">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FB32DD7EFA7B4C9F" box="[1265,1436,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. psilostachya</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FF10DD9AFE0F4CB3" author="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W." box="[211,488,1951,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1169 - 1177" refId="ref45959" refString="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W. (1976 c) The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia psilostachya, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 5 (6), 1169 - 1177. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 5.6.1169" type="journal article" year="1976">Goeden &amp; Ricker (1976c</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FDCEDD9AFD1F4CB2" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[525,760,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FDCEDD9AFD1F4CB2" box="[525,760,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microrhopala xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FCCFDD9AFAC84CB3" authority="DC. (Richerson &amp; Boldt 1995)" authorityName="DC. (Richerson &amp; Boldt" authorityYear="1995" box="[780,1327,1950,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Flourensia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cernua">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FCCFDD9AFC3F4CB2" box="[780,984,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Flourensia cernua</emphasis>
DC. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FBD4DD9AFAC04CB3" author="Richerson, J. V. &amp; Boldt, P. E." box="[1047,1319,1950,1977]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="588 - 594" refId="ref47775" refString="Richerson, J. V. &amp; Boldt, P. E. (1995) Phytophagous insect fauna of Flourensia cernua (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) in Trans-Pecos Texas and Arizona. Environmental Entomology, 24 (3), 588 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 24.3.588" type="journal article" year="1995">Richerson &amp; Boldt 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FAFADD9AFEC14CD7" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FAFADD9AFF164CD7" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Solidago velutina</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
(as
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCFFFB8FE92DDC6FD924CD7" box="[337,629,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE92DDC6FE024CD7" box="[337,485,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Anisostena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">S. californica</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCFFFB8FE31DDC6FD924CD7" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[498,629,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Baliosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">californicus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FD41DDC6FCF34CD7" author="Brisley, H. R." box="[642,788,1986,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref43968" refString="Brisley, H. R. (1925) Notes on the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Arizona. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 51 (2), 167 - 182" type="journal article" year="1925">Brisley 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCFFFB8FCDDDDC6FBF64CD7" author="Jones, W. W. &amp; Brisley, H." box="[798,1041,1986,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="174 - 175" refId="ref46743" refString="Jones, W. W. &amp; Brisley, H. (1925) Field notes concerning a few Arizona Hispinae. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 1 (4), 174 - 175." type="journal article" year="1925">Jones &amp; Brisley 1925</bibRefCitation>
). None of the other purported larval hosts listed by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFEF8DA92FE3A4BBB" author="Staines, C. L." box="[315,477,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref48340" refString="Staines, C. L. (2006) The Hispine Beetles of America North of Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Virgina Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 13, 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="2006">Staines (2006)</bibRefCitation>
are reported as such by his cited references, one of which is
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFBB4DA92FA7F4BBB" author="Thomas, D. B. &amp; Werner, F. G." box="[1143,1432,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref48465" refString="Thomas, D. B. &amp; Werner, F. G. (1981) Grass feeding insects of the western ranges: an annotated checklist. University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 243, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1981">Thomas &amp; Werner (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, a checklist of grass-feeding insects that does not mention this beetle. The source for Staines (2006, 2015) record of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF74DADAFD2E4BF3" authority="(Hook. &amp; Arn.) G. L. Nesom" authorityName="G. L. Nesom" baseAuthorityName="Hook. &amp; Arn." box="[183,713,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF74DADAFE614BF2" box="[183,390,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Isocoma menziesii</emphasis>
(Hook. &amp; Arn.) G.L.Nesom
</taxonomicName>
is unclear; it does not seem to be mentioned in any of his cited sources and this plant is not listed by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFDF8DB06FCEA4A17" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[571,781,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD43DB06FD5E4A17" box="[640,697,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF04DB22FC9149A3" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Adult or ambiguous hosts reported for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFD5FDB22FC364A4B" authorityName="Staines" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Mannerheim" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[668,977,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrolineata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD5FDB22FC364A4B" box="[668,977,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Microrhopala rubrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFBFEDB22FEB84A6F" authority="Hook. (McCauley 1938)" authorityName="Hook. (McCauley" authorityYear="1938" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthicarpa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBFEDB22FAAD4A4B" box="[1085,1354,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ambrosia acanthicarpa</emphasis>
Hook. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFF5CDB4EFEBF4A6F" author="McCauley, R. H. Jr." box="[159,344,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="145 - 168" refId="ref46905" refString="McCauley, R. H. Jr. (1938) A revision of the genus Microrhopala in North America, north of Mexico. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (4), 145 - 168." type="journal article" year="1938">McCauley 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFEA9DB4EFC594A6F" authority="(Delpino) W. W. Payne (Bibby 1961)" authorityName="W. W. Payne (Bibby" authorityYear="1961" box="[362,958,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ambrosioides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFEA9DB4EFDF84A6F" box="[362,543,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. ambrosioides</emphasis>
(Delpino) W.W. Payne (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFCEDDB4EFC514A6F" author="Bibby, F. F." box="[814,950,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="324 - 333" refId="ref43761" refString="Bibby, F. F. (1961) Notes on miscellaneous insects of Arizona. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54 (2), 324 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 54.2.324" type="journal article" year="1961">Bibby 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC09DB4EFB2F4A6F" authority="Greene" authorityName="Greene" box="[970,1224,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissonis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC09DB4EFB964A6F" box="[970,1137,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. chamissonis</emphasis>
Greene
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFB1BDB4EFF354A83" author="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="835 - 839" refId="ref45728" refString="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W. (1974) The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia chamissonis, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 3 (5), 835 - 839. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 3.5.835" type="journal article" year="1974">Goeden &amp; Ricker 1974</bibRefCitation>
; as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFEC2DB6AFE944A82" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[257,371,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerene">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFEC2DB6AFE944A82" box="[257,371,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. xerene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE4EDB6AFC794A83" authority="DC. (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1975)" authorityName="DC. (Goeden &amp; Ricker" authorityYear="1975" box="[397,926,366,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertiflora">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE4EDB6AFDDB4A83" box="[397,572,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. confertiflora</emphasis>
DC. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFD45DB6AFC724A83" author="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W." box="[646,917,366,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="301 - 306" refId="ref45783" refString="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W. (1975) The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia confertiflora, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 4 (2), 301 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 4.2.301" type="journal article" year="1975">Goeden &amp; Ricker 1975</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC6FDB6AFEBD4AA7" authority="(A. Gray) W. W. Payne (Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976 b)" authorityName="W. W. Payne (Goeden &amp; Ricker" authorityYear="1976" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC6FDB6AFBC24A83" box="[940,1061,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. dumosa</emphasis>
(A. Gray) W.W. Payne (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFA86DB6AFEB54AA7" author="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref45903" refString="Goeden, R. D. &amp; Ricker, D. W. (1976 b) The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia dumosa, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 5 (1), 45 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 5.1.45" type="journal article" year="1976">Goeden &amp; Ricker 1976b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFEB0DB96FE494AA7" box="[371,430,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFEB0DB96FE494AA7" box="[371,430,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFE09DB96FD684AA7" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[458,655,403,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFDD1DB96FDAB4AA7" box="[530,588,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; record not found in cited sources),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFBEADB96FE704ADB" authority="(Greene) E. E. Schill. &amp; Panero" authorityName="E. E. Schill. &amp; Panero" baseAuthorityName="Greene" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chenopodina">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBEADB96FAD64AA7" box="[1065,1329,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bahiopsis chenopodina</emphasis>
(Greene) E.E. Schill. &amp; Panero
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE65DBB2FB404ADB" authority="(A. Gray) E. E. Schill. &amp; Panero (Clark et al. 2004)" box="[422,1191,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE65DBB2FDDB4ADA" box="[422,572,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. tomentosa</emphasis>
(A. Gray) E.E. Schill. &amp; Panero (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFC12DBB2FB784ADB" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[977,1183,439,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFBDFDBB2FBBF4ADB" box="[1052,1112,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFB75DBB2FE3F4AFF" authority="B. L. Rob. (Moldenke 1971)" authorityName="B. L. Rob. (Moldenke" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Brickellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vernicosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFB75DBB2FA7B4ADA" box="[1206,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brickellia vernicosa</emphasis>
B.L. Rob. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFEDBDBDEFE374AFF" author="Moldenke, A. R." box="[280,464,475,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="105 - 116" refId="ref47107" refString="Moldenke, A. R. (1971) Host-plant relations of phytopagous beetles in Mexico (Coleoptera: Bruchidae, Chrysomelide, Curculionidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 47 (2), 105 - 116." type="journal article" year="1971">Moldenke 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE25DBDEFCE34AFF" authority="Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." box="[486,772,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Encelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE25DBDEFD274AFF" box="[486,704,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Encelia californica</emphasis>
Nutt.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCD2DBDEFB154AFF" authority="A. Gray ex Torr. (Clark 1983)" authorityName="A. Gray ex Torr. (Clark" authorityYear="1983" box="[785,1266,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Encelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="farinosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCD2DBDEFC774AFF" box="[785,912,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. farinosa</emphasis>
A. Gray ex Torr. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFBA5DBDEFB0D4AFF" author="Clark, S. M." box="[1126,1258,475,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="597 - 618" refId="ref44587" refString="Clark, S. M. (1983) A revision of the genus Microrhopala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America north of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (4), 597 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4488" type="journal article" year="1983">Clark 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFAC3DBDEFE7D4913" authority="Cav. (Moldenke 1971)" authorityName="Cav. (Moldenke" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Encelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFAC3DBDEFA7B4AFF" box="[1280,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. halimifolia</emphasis>
Cav. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFF19DBFAFE754913" author="Moldenke, A. R." box="[218,402,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="105 - 116" refId="ref47107" refString="Moldenke, A. R. (1971) Host-plant relations of phytopagous beetles in Mexico (Coleoptera: Bruchidae, Chrysomelide, Curculionidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 47 (2), 105 - 116." type="journal article" year="1971">Moldenke 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE6ADBFAFC484913" authority="Vasey &amp; Rose (Clark et al. 2004)" box="[425,943,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE6ADBFAFDC64913" box="[425,545,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. palmeri</emphasis>
Vasey &amp; Rose (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFD1DDBFAFC404913" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[734,935,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCEBDBFAFC854913" box="[808,866,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC7EDBFAFA704913" authority="Greene (Clark 1983)" authorityName="Greene (Clark" authorityYear="1983" box="[957,1431,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hazardia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squarrosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC7EDBFAFB474912" box="[957,1184,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hazardia squarrosa</emphasis>
Greene (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFAC8DBFAFA684913" author="Clark, S. M." box="[1291,1423,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="597 - 618" refId="ref44587" refString="Clark, S. M. (1983) A revision of the genus Microrhopala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America north of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (4), 597 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4488" type="journal article" year="1983">Clark 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF54D826FE934937" authority="Cass." authorityName="Cass." box="[151,372,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Haplopappus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF54D826FEC94937" box="[151,302,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Haplopappus</emphasis>
Cass.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFE46D826FDF04937" author="Moore, I." box="[389,535,547,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 109" refId="ref47146" refString="Moore, I. (1937) A list of the beetles of San Diego County, California. San Diego Society of Natural History, Occasional Papers, 2, 1 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 6209" type="journal article" year="1937">Moore 1937</bibRefCitation>
; possibly =
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFD64D826FCF74937" box="[679,784,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hazardia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD64D826FCF74937" box="[679,784,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hazardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFCF8D826FC7D4936" box="[827,922,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFCF8D826FC7D4936" box="[827,922,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Isocoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC77D826FA704937" authority="Nutt. (Fall 1901)" authorityName="Nutt. (Fall" authorityYear="1901" box="[948,1431,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC77D826FB2F4937" box="[948,1224,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heterotheca grandiflora</emphasis>
Nutt. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFADED826FA684937" author="Fall, H. C." box="[1309,1423,547,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref45320" refString="Fall, H. C. (1901) List of the Coleoptera of southern California, with notes on habits and distribution and descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 8, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19107" type="journal article" year="1901">Fall 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFF54D842FD40496B" authority="(Kunth) Greene (Clark 1983)" authorityName="Greene (Clark" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,679,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="veneta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF54D842FEAE496A" box="[151,329,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Isocoma veneta</emphasis>
(Kunth) Greene (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFDDAD842FD79496B" author="Clark, S. M." box="[537,670,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="597 - 618" refId="ref44587" refString="Clark, S. M. (1983) A revision of the genus Microrhopala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America north of Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (4), 597 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4488" type="journal article" year="1983">Clark 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFD2AD842FC04496A" box="[745,995,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xanthium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strumarium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD2AD842FC04496A" box="[745,995,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Xanthium strumarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFBD5D842FABC496B" author="Hilgendorf, J. H. &amp; Goeden, R. D." box="[1046,1371,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="404 - 411" refId="ref46469" refString="Hilgendorf, J. H. &amp; Goeden, R. D. (1983) Phytophagous insect faunas of spiny clotbur, Xanthium spinosum, and cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium, in southern California. Environmental Entomology, 12 (2), 404 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 12.2.404" type="journal article" year="1983">Hilgendorf &amp; Goeden 1983</bibRefCitation>
). The
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFCCFFBBFF54D86EFF1C498F" box="[151,251,619,645]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Missouri</collectingRegion>
records from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE5ED86EFC65498F" authority="Raf. (McCauley 1938)" authorityName="Raf. (McCauley" authorityYear="1938" box="[413,898,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE5ED86EFD9D498F" box="[413,634,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Helianthus hirsutus</emphasis>
Raf. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFD02D86EFC9E498F" author="McCauley, R. H. Jr." box="[705,889,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="145 - 168" refId="ref46905" refString="McCauley, R. H. Jr. (1938) A revision of the genus Microrhopala in North America, north of Mexico. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (4), 145 - 168." type="journal article" year="1938">McCauley 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFC78D86EFBB9498F" box="[955,1118,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFC78D86EFBD1498F" box="[955,1078,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Helianthus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(Riley &amp; Enns 1979) likely represent misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFCCFFBBFE30D88AFC9549A3" authority="Clark (Clark et al. 2004)" box="[499,882,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microrhopala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rileyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFE30D88AFDB449A3" box="[499,595,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. rileyi</emphasis>
Clark (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFD64D88AFC8D49A3" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[679,874,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFD2DD88AFCC149A3" box="[750,806,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF04D8B7FEDF49FB" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF04D8B7FEC049C6" bold="true" box="[199,295,690,716]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Biology.</emphasis>
No details of the leaf mine have been recorded beyond that it is “large” (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFB46D8B6FAFA49C7" author="Brisley, H. R." box="[1157,1309,690,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref43968" refString="Brisley, H. R. (1925) Notes on the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Arizona. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 51 (2), 167 - 182" type="journal article" year="1925">Brisley 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFCCFFBBFAEFD8B6FECC49FB" author="Jones, W. W. &amp; Brisley, H." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="174 - 175" refId="ref46743" refString="Jones, W. W. &amp; Brisley, H. (1925) Field notes concerning a few Arizona Hispinae. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 1 (4), 174 - 175." type="journal article" year="1925">Jones and Brisley 1925</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFCCFFBBFF04D8FEFB8D481F" box="[199,1130,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFCCFFBBFF04D8FEFB8D481F" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1130,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFCCFFBBFF04D8FEFEF6481F" bold="true" box="[199,273,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Notes.</emphasis>
Our barcoded specimen is the sole representative of BIN BOLD:ADO9194.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:affiliation id="C7642FE61C557665359B3C2CBBC1FD1E">276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114 &amp; PBEE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U. S. A. Current address: P. O. Box 252, Blue River, OR 97413, U. S. A. mike. palmer @ okstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1452 - 2152 &amp; 276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3BC44A42DE5AF1E7C9832185192C830A" type="email">ceiseman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F3D9646BBFC49A66B08EDFD1728ACACF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="037B42EC0A54207B208C8DD8933DB1B6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="59F3057DE6B7FC3E40D08CFBC7E45B1A">
<mods:date id="ECC376EE7B34D06A933A8FC7CD9143CB">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="15ED9BECBCD02360DA48725D6DC70FD4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="95B93683264683971C12223213D5B348">2024-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="91B6EB46298342381B2861EFD9AE2F0E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="73822CC5D2B5834BF303F989C10F9A19">5549</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3B14141616522B825705C6164DB0F080" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="225D8AD5B57219D4A6491E6ED29938E3" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="77A35DE29D2D46E6EED961814691DB52" type="Zenodo-Dep">14387856</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF54DD0BFE3F4C22" box="[151,472,1806,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF54DD0BFE3F4C22" blockId="14.[151,472,1806,1869]" box="[151,472,1806,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="C35D8011FFD4FFA3FF54DD0BFE3F4C22" bold="true" box="[151,472,1806,1833]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FF54DD0BFE3F4C22" ID-CoL="TH8Z" authority="(Olivier)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,472,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF54DD0BFE3F4C22" bold="true" box="[151,472,1806,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF54DD0BFE814C23" bold="true" box="[151,358,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chalepus bicolor</emphasis>
(Olivier)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF54DD36FEBF4C47" box="[151,344,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF54DD36FEBF4C47" blockId="14.[151,472,1806,1869]" box="[151,344,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD4FFA3FF5CDD36FF094C47" box="[159,238,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD4FFA3FF38DD36FEFD4C47" box="[251,282,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 4449" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 4449. Leaf mines of Chalepus spp.; 44: C. bicolor on Dichanthelium clandestinum; 45: C. walshii sayi on × Triticosecale; 46: C. walshii walshii on Dactylis glomerata, with egg at far right; 47: C. walshii walshii on Elymus repens (transmitted light); 48: same (reflected light); 49: C. walshii walshii on Phalaris arundinacea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387874/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">44</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD4FFA3FEE6DD36FEB74C47" box="[293,336,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">132</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA2FF54DD7EFAB04AA7" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA2FF54DD7EFB6B4BDF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1914,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF54DD7EFE954C9E" bold="true" box="[151,370,1914,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FEB5DD7EFB754CB3" collectingDate="2016-07-18" collectingDateMax="2016-07-20" collectingDateMin="2016-07-18" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." location="Old Wendell Rd." municipality="Northfield" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FEB5DD7EFD8E4C9F" box="[374,617,1915,1941]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD4FFA3FDACDD7EFD1B4C9F" box="[623,764,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFD4FFA3FCC7DD7EFC9B4C9F" box="[772,892,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Northfield</collectingMunicipality>
, 276
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FC71DD7EFB8D4C9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FC71DD7EFB8D4C9F" box="[946,1130,1915,1941]" county="Franklin Co." municipality="Northfield" name="Old Wendell Rd." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Old Wendell Rd.</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD4FFA3FBB1DD7EFB164C9F" box="[1138,1265,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-07-18">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD4FFA3FBB1DD7EFB164C9F" box="[1138,1265,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-07-18">18.vii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
(adult in mine), em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFD4FFA3FF0BDD9AFEAC4CB3" box="[200,331,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-07-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD4FFA3FF0BDD9AFEAC4CB3" box="[200,331,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-07-20">20.vii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD4FFA3FE95DD9AFE164CB3" box="[342,497,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FDDCDD9AFC854CB3" box="[543,866,1951,1977]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FDDCDD9AFC854CB3" box="[543,866,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dichanthelium clandestinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFD4FFA3FCB6DD9AFC234CB3" box="[885,964,1951,1977]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
, iNat 203379123)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA2FB5EDD9AFE024BBB" collectingDate="2015-06-02" collectingDateMax="2015-06-18" collectingDateMin="2015-06-02" collectionCode="T" county="Scotland Co." lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" location="St. Andrews University" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="3" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FB5EDD9AFA7E4CB3" box="[1181,1433,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD4FFA3FF54DDC6FEC94CD7" box="[151,302,1987,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFD4FFA3FEFEDDC6FE5A4CD7" box="[317,445,1987,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Laurinburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FE0FDDC6FD3E4CD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FE0FDDC6FD3E4CD7" box="[460,729,1987,2013]" county="Scotland Co." municipality="Laurinburg" name="St. Andrews University" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="North Carolina">St. Andrews University</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD4FFA3FD2BDDC7FCB34CD7" box="[744,852,1986,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2015-06-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD4FFA3FD2BDDC7FCB34CD7" box="[744,852,1986,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2015-06-02">2.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFD4FFA3FC54DDC7FBF64CD7" box="[919,1041,1986,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2015-06-18">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD4FFA3FC54DDC7FBF64CD7" box="[919,1041,1986,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2015-06-18">18.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FBE3DDC6FBD24CD7" box="[1056,1077,1987,2013]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FB94DDC6FB5B4CD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FB94DDC6FB5B4CD7" box="[1111,1212,1987,2013]" name="Feldman" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FB2CDDC6FA724CD7" box="[1263,1429,1987,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FB2CDDC6FA724CD7" box="[1263,1429,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dichanthelium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFD5FFA2FF66DA92FEF64BBB" box="[165,273,151,177]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CSE2229</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFD5FFA2FEE1DA92FE994BBB" box="[290,382,151,177]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="adult">3 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD5FFA2FE49DA92FE3A4BBB" box="[394,477,151,177]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD5FFA2FE32DA92FB6F4BDF" collectingDate="2017-06-16" collectingDateMax="2017-06-22" collectingDateMin="2017-06-16" collectionCode="CSE" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" location="Mehan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="CSE4260" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FE32DA92FD7E4BBB" box="[497,665,151,177]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD5FFA2FD67DA92FCFC4BBB" box="[676,795,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FCEBDA92FC9E4BBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FCEBDA92FC9E4BBB" box="[808,889,151,177]" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" name="Mehan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Mehan</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFD5FFA2FC47DA92FBC14BBB" box="[900,1062,151,177]" degrees="36.014339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="36.01434">36.014339° N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFD5FFA2FBFADA92FB074BBB" box="[1081,1248,151,177]" degrees="96.996744" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="-96.99674">96.996744° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD5FFA2FB2FDA92FA814BBB" box="[1260,1382,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2017-06-16">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD5FFA2FB2FDA92FA814BBB" box="[1260,1382,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2017-06-16">16.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFD5FFA2FF54DABEFEF54BDF" box="[151,274,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2017-06-22">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD5FFA2FF54DABEFEF54BDF" box="[151,274,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2017-06-22">22.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD5FFA2FEDEDABEFE534BDF" box="[285,436,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FE23DABEFCDC4BDF" box="[480,827,187,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malacophyllum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FE23DABEFCDC4BDF" box="[480,827,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium malacophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFD5FFA2FC95DABEFC254BDF" box="[854,962,187,213]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CSE4260</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFD5FFA2FC17DABEFBC54BDF" box="[980,1058,187,213]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD5FFA2FBEEDABEFB674BDF" box="[1069,1152,187,213]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD5FFA2FF04DADAFAB04AA7" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF04DADAFE284BF2" bold="true" box="[199,463,222,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Photographed mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD5FFA2FE22DADAFD6B4A17" collectingDate="2015-06-20" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" location="Northampton" municipality="Co." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FE22DADAFD334BF3" box="[481,724,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FD2BDADAFC844BF3" box="[744,867,223,249]" country="United Kingdom" name="Hampshire" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hampshire</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFD5FFA2FCB6DADAFC784BF3" box="[885,927,223,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Co.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FC76DADAFBAA4BF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FC76DADAFBAA4BF3" box="[949,1101,223,249]" municipality="Co." name="Northampton" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Northampton</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD5FFA2FBA0DADBFB3A4BF3" box="[1123,1245,222,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2015-06-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD5FFA2FBA0DADBFB3A4BF3" box="[1123,1245,222,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2015-06-20">20.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD5FFA2FB30DADAFA7F4BF3" box="[1267,1432,223,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FF54DB06FE524A17" box="[151,437,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF54DB06FE524A17" box="[151,437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium latifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 203113969)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD5FFA2FD59DB06FCB44A4B" collectingDate="2015-07-17" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Wabasha Co." location="Weaver Dunes Preserve" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minnesota">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FD59DB06FCA64A17" box="[666,833,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MINNESOTA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD5FFA2FC8DDB06FC014A17" box="[846,998,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wabasha Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FC37DB06FAE04A17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FC37DB06FAE04A17" box="[1012,1287,259,285]" county="Wabasha Co." name="Weaver Dunes Preserve" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Minnesota">Weaver Dunes Preserve</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD5FFA2FAD5DB07FA7F4A17" box="[1302,1432,258,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2015-07-17">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD5FFA2FAD5DB07FA7F4A17" box="[1302,1432,258,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2015-07-17">17.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD5FFA2FF54DB22FEC84A4B" box="[151,303,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FEFBDB22FD614A4B" box="[312,646,295,321]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scribnerianum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FEFBDB22FD614A4B" box="[312,646,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium scribnerianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 203115339)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD5FFA2FC98DB22FC5A4A6F" collectingDate="2016-06-07" county="Scotland Co." location="St. Andrews University" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FC98DB22FBB44A4B" box="[859,1107,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD5FFA2FB98DB22FB0B4A4B" box="[1115,1260,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFD5FFA2FB36DB22FA924A4B" box="[1269,1397,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Laurinburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FABDDB22FE904A6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FABDDB22FE904A6F" county="Scotland Co." municipality="Laurinburg" name="St. Andrews University" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="North Carolina">St. Andrews University</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD5FFA2FE43DB4EFE0B4A6F" box="[384,492,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2016-06-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD5FFA2FE43DB4EFE0B4A6F" box="[384,492,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2016-06-07">7.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FE36DB4EFCF24A6E" box="[501,789,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FE36DB4EFCF24A6E" box="[501,789,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium scoparium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BG 1235807)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD5FFA2FC06DB4EFB054A83" collectingDate="2016-08-05" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Hocking Co." location="Deep Woods Farm" municipality="South Bloomingville" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ohio">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FC06DB4EFBE84A6F" box="[965,1039,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OHIO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD5FFA2FBD4DB4EFB424A6F" box="[1047,1189,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hocking Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFD5FFA2FB6DDB4EFA7F4A6F" box="[1198,1432,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">South Bloomingville</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FF54DB6AFE934A83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FF54DB6AFE934A83" box="[151,372,367,393]" county="Hocking Co." municipality="South Bloomingville" name="Deep Woods Farm" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Ohio">Deep Woods Farm</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD5FFA2FE47DB6BFDE74A83" box="[388,512,366,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2016-08-05">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD5FFA2FE47DB6BFDE74A83" box="[388,512,366,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2016-08-05">5.viii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD5FFA2FDD3DB6AFD484A83" box="[528,687,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FD7CDB6AFBE14A83" box="[703,1030,367,393]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FD7CDB6AFBE14A83" box="[703,1030,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium clandestinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 203116048)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD5FFA2FB32DB6AFAB74AA7" collectingDate="2016-05-30" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" location="Mehan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FB32DB6AFA7E4A83" box="[1265,1433,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD5FFA2FF54DB96FEEA4AA7" box="[151,269,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FEDBDB96FE8E4AA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA2FF54DD0BFEE84FCF:9D7561A6FFD5FFA2FEDBDB96FE8E4AA7" box="[280,361,403,429]" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" name="Mehan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Mehan</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFD5FFA2FEB7DB96FDF34AA7" box="[372,532,403,429]" degrees="36.014339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="36.01434">36.014339° N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFD5FFA2FDE4DB96FD2B4AA7" box="[551,716,403,429]" degrees="96.996744" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="-96.99674">96.996744° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD5FFA2FD14DB96FCAE4AA7" box="[727,841,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2016-05-30">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD5FFA2FD14DB96FCAE4AA7" box="[727,841,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2016-05-30">30.v.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD5FFA2FC97DB96FC0D4AA7" box="[852,1002,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FC36DB96FAB74AA7" box="[1013,1360,403,429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malacophyllum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FC36DB96FAB74AA7" box="[1013,1360,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium malacophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD5FFA2FF04DBB2FD3748C3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD5FFA2FF04DBB2FDFF49A3" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF04DBB2FEF64ADB" bold="true" box="[199,273,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FEDFDBB2FE9B4ADB" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[284,380,439,465]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FE49DBB2FD374ADB" box="[394,720,439,465]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FE49DBB2FD374ADB" box="[394,720,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium clandestinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gould (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FCABDBB2FC1E4ADB" author="Butte, J. G." box="[872,1017,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="117 - 133" refId="ref44143" refString="Butte, J. G. (1968 a) Revision of the tribe Chalepini of America north of Mexico. II. Genus Chalepus Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 76 (2), 117 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Butte 1968a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FBCBDBB2FB484ADB" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[1032,1199,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman 2014</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FB05DBB2FA804ADB" box="[1222,1383,439,465]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FB05DBB2FA804ADB" box="[1222,1383,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. *latifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Harvill,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FF36DBDEFD924AFF" authority="(Nash) Gould" authorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityName="Nash" box="[245,629,475,501]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malacophyllum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF36DBDEFE354AFF" box="[245,466,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. *malacophyllum</emphasis>
(Nash) Gould
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FD43DBDEFA924AFF" authority="(Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr. (Ford &amp; Cavey 1985)" authorityName="Mohlenbr. (Ford &amp; Cavey" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Muhl. ex Elliott" box="[640,1397,474,501]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpon">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FD43DBDEFCD44AFE" box="[640,819,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. microcarpon</emphasis>
(Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FB4BDBDEFA8A4AFF" author="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F." box="[1160,1389,474,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="36 - 59" refId="ref45423" refString="Ford, E. J. &amp; Cavey, J. F. (1985) Biology and larval descriptions of some Maryland Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (1), 36 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Ford &amp; Cavey 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FA42DBDEFE5D4913" authority="(Lam.) Gould" authorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityName="Lam." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FA42DBDEFEFC4913" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. *scoparium</emphasis>
(Lam.) Gould
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FE00DBFAFC8B4913" authority="(Nash) J. R. Thomas." authorityName="J. R. Thomas." baseAuthorityName="Nash" box="[451,876,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scribnerianum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FE00DBFAFD624913" box="[451,645,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. scribnerianum</emphasis>
(Nash) J.R. Thomas.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FCB3DBFAFBFC4913" author="Butte, J. G." box="[880,1051,511,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="117 - 133" refId="ref44143" refString="Butte, J. G. (1968 a) Revision of the tribe Chalepini of America north of Mexico. II. Genus Chalepus Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 76 (2), 117 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Buttes (1968a)</bibRefCitation>
record of “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FB50DBFAFA754913" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[1171,1426,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FB50DBFAFAB64913" box="[1171,1361,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Panicum nitidum</emphasis>
Lam.
</taxonomicName>
” (=
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FF73D826FDE74937" authority="(Lam.) Mohlenbr." authorityName="Mohlenbr." baseAuthorityName="Lam." box="[176,512,547,573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF73D826FECC4937" box="[176,299,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. nitidum</emphasis>
(Lam.) Mohlenbr.
</taxonomicName>
) is based on
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FD59D826FC9C4937" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[666,891,547,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="70 - 89" refId="ref44479" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1902) The leaf-mining locust beetle, with notes on related species. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin, 38, 70 - 89." type="journal article" year="1902">Chittendens (1902)</bibRefCitation>
record of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FC36D826FB4E4936" box="[1013,1193,547,572]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FC36D826FB4E4936" box="[1013,1193,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. macrocarpon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FB08D826FA744937" box="[1227,1427,547,573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scribnerianum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FB08D826FA744937" box="[1227,1427,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. scribnerianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FF16D842FEA2496B" box="[213,325,583,609]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Maryland</collectingRegion>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FE42D842FDD0496B" author="Wilcox, J. A." box="[385,567,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref49119" refString="Wilcox, J. A. (1979) Leaf beetle host plants in northeastern North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). North American Beetle Fauna Project. World Natural History Publications, Kinderhook, New York, 30 pp." type="book" year="1979">Wilcoxs (1979)</bibRefCitation>
record of “
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FD7AD842FBFE496B" authority="Schultes" authorityName="Schultes" box="[697,1049,583,609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligosanthes">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FD7AD842FC55496B" box="[697,946,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Panicum oligosanthes</emphasis>
Schultes
</taxonomicName>
var.
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FB92D842FB10496B" box="[1105,1271,583,609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scribnerianum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FB92D842FB10496B" box="[1105,1271,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scribnerianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” apparently is as well. Our record of a photographed leaf mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FD23D86EFC9E498E" box="[736,889,619,644]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparium">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FD23D86EFC9E498E" box="[736,889,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. scoparium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is supported by the report by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FB0FD86EFA7B498F" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1228,1436,619,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FAD1D86EFAAD498F" box="[1298,1354,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
of collecting adults from this host.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD5FFA2FF04D8B7FE87488B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF04D8B7FEC049C6" bold="true" box="[199,295,690,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</emphasis>
The leaf mines (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD5FFA2FE26D8B6FDD049C7" box="[485,567,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 4449" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1435,181,1365]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 4449. Leaf mines of Chalepus spp.; 44: C. bicolor on Dichanthelium clandestinum; 45: C. walshii sayi on × Triticosecale; 46: C. walshii walshii on Dactylis glomerata, with egg at far right; 47: C. walshii walshii on Elymus repens (transmitted light); 48: same (reflected light); 49: C. walshii walshii on Phalaris arundinacea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387874/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) were described by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FCD8D8B6FC2149C7" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[795,966,691,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman (2014</bibRefCitation>
,
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). The egg is glued to the lower leaf surface, near the apex, and is capped by a secretion that dries to form a hollow, rounded structure that is covered with minute bumps (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD5FFA2FE84D8FEFE6B481F" box="[327,396,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). All frass is expelled from the full-depth mine at intervals along the leaf margin. The single specimen reared by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FE43D91AFDD24833" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[384,565,799,825]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman (2014)</bibRefCitation>
pupated outside its mine, but the reared specimens cited above all pupated internally. The young larva photographed on 5 August in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FCD1D946FCAD4857" box="[786,842,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ohio</collectingRegion>
represents the latest date we have found an immature
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FF54D962FEBE488B" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,345,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF54D962FEBE488B" box="[151,345,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chalepus bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD5FFA2FF04D98FFD3748C3" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF04D98FFEAE48AE" bold="true" box="[199,329,906,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parasitoid.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FE9AD98EFD6C48AF" authority="(Walsh)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[345,651,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Conura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifrons">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FE9AD98EFDC548AF" box="[345,546,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conura albifrons</emphasis>
(Walsh)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FD61D98EFCCC48AF" box="[674,811,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
) was reared from a mine of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FB65D98EFA9748AF" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1190,1392,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FB65D98EFA9748AF" box="[1190,1392,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chalepus bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FF54D9AAFE1548C3" box="[151,498,943,969]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malacophyllum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF54D9AAFE1548C3" box="[151,498,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichanthelium malacophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE4259, UFES).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD5FFA2FF04D9D6FEE84FCF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD5FFA2FF04D9D6FCA74F1B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF04D9D6FEF648E7" bold="true" box="[199,273,979,1005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Notes.</emphasis>
It is unfortunate that we were unable to rear the larva found in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FC2FD9D6FB8248E7" box="[1004,1125,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
, as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FB52D9D6FAB248E7" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1169,1365,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FB52D9D6FAB248E7" box="[1169,1365,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chalepus bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known from this or any of the adjacent states (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD5FFA2FD5DD9F2FCD34F1B" author="Staines, C. L." box="[670,820,1014,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref48377" refString="Staines, C. L. (2015) Catalog of the hispines of the world. Available from: https: // naturalhistory. si. edu / research / entomology / collections-overview / coleoptera / catalog-hispines-world (accessed 23 January 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Staines 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD5FFA2FF04DE1EFEE84FCF" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Interestingly, our DNA barcodes of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FD9FDE1EFCF94F3F" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[604,798,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FD9FDE1EFCF94F3F" box="[604,798,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chalepus bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show more similarity to those of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FB5FDE1EFA7F4F3F" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[1180,1432,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FB5FDE1EFAAC4F3F" box="[1180,1355,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Odontota horni</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FF54DE3AFEF44F53" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[151,275,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FF54DE3AFEF44F53" box="[151,275,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FE8CDE3AFDA94F53" authority="(Olivier)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[335,590,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FE8CDE3AFE024F53" box="[335,485,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. scapularis</emphasis>
(Olivier)
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FD65DE3AFC674F53" authority="(Crotch)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[678,896,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walshii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FD65DE3AFCF04F53" box="[678,791,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. walshii</emphasis>
(Crotch)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FC4ADE3AFC144F53" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1805" box="[905,1011,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FC4ADE3AFC144F53" box="[905,1011,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chalepus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FBEBDE3AFB754F53" baseAuthorityName="Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1064,1170,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FBEBDE3AFB754F53" box="[1064,1170,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Odontota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together form a distinct cluster in the neighbor joining tree. The
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FD9BDE66FD2A4F77" box="[600,717,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FCA2DE66FC344F77" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[865,979,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FCA2DE66FC344F77" box="[865,979,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sole representative of BIN BOLD: ADP4491, differing by 2.4% from the two
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD5FFA2FD4CDE82FCDD4FAB" box="[655,826,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD5FFA2FC27DE82FBBE4FAB" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[996,1113,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD5FFA2FC27DE82FBBE4FAB" box="[996,1113,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that constitute BIN BOLD: ADP4224.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="89671C96B6B557EE9968CC5956147B98">276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114 &amp; PBEE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U. S. A. Current address: P. O. Box 252, Blue River, OR 97413, U. S. A. mike. palmer @ okstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1452 - 2152 &amp; 276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatment id="1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389095" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FD6349C7" box="[151,644,690,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FD6349C7" blockId="14.[151,644,690,753]" box="[151,644,690,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="C35D8011FFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FD6349C7" bold="true" box="[151,644,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Guérin-Méneville
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF54D91AFCC14F1B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF54D91AFAE148C3" blockId="14.[151,1437,798,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF54D91AFE914832" bold="true" box="[151,374,798,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FEBED91AFED34857" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-21" collectionCode="T" county="Scotland Co." location="St. Andrews University" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FEBED91AFBF64857" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-21" collectionCode="T" collectorName="E. LoPresti" county="Scotland Co." latitude="27.094135" location="St. Andrews University" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.146484" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2121" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FEBED91AFD9F4833" box="[381,632,799,825]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD4FFA3FD40D91AFCF14833" box="[643,790,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
@ -106,10 +106,7 @@ Guérin-Méneville
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FEDCD946FED34857" box="[287,308,835,861]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FEFBD946FA624857" box="[312,1413,835,861]" collectingDate="2016-06-07" collectingDateMax="2016-06-13" collectingDateMin="2016-06-07" collectionCode="MLBM, T" location="Feldman" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2121" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">
S.
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FE96D946FE5D4857" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FE96D946FE5D4857" box="[341,442,835,861]" name="Feldman" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FE2AD946FD404857" box="[489,679,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
@ -122,6 +119,8 @@ S.
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FC69D946FBE24857" box="[938,1029,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MLBM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FBDAD946FCAA488B" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-21" collectionCode="T" collectorName="E. LoPresti" county="Scotland Co." latitude="27.094135" location="St. Andrews University" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.146484" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2121" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<date id="EC1411BDFFD4FFA3FBDAD946FB624857" box="[1049,1157,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-06-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD4FFA3FBDAD946FB624857" box="[1049,1157,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-06-07">7.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
@ -131,10 +130,7 @@ S.
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FAB3D946FA624857" box="[1392,1413,835,861]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FA4BD946FB0A488B" collectingDate="2016-06-29" collectingDateMax="2016-07-07" collectingDateMin="2016-06-29" collectionCode="ZFMK, T" location="Feldman" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2580" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">
S.
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FF54D962FF1B488B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FF54D962FF1B488B" box="[151,252,871,897]" name="Feldman" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FEECD962FE08488B" box="[303,495,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
@ -147,6 +143,8 @@ S.
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FD2DD962FCA6488B" box="[750,833,871,897]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FC94D962FD5948AF" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-21" collectionCode="T" collectorName="E. LoPresti" county="Scotland Co." latitude="27.094135" location="St. Andrews University" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.146484" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2121" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<date id="EC1411BDFFD4FFA3FC94D962FC36488B" box="[855,977,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-06-29">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD4FFA3FC94D962FC36488B" box="[855,977,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-06-29">29.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
@ -156,10 +154,7 @@ S.
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FB1BD962FB0A488B" box="[1240,1261,871,897]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FB33D962FD5D48AF" collectionCode="MLBM" location="Feldman" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2689" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-adult="5" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">
S.
.S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FACCD962FA93488B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FACCD962FA93488B" box="[1295,1396,871,897]" name="Feldman" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FF54D98EFEB248AF" box="[151,341,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
@ -171,10 +166,9 @@ S.
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFD4FFA3FE2CD98FFDAB48AF" box="[495,588,906,933]" count="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="adult">5 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FD9BD98EFD5448AF" box="[600,691,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
);
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FD05D98EFAE548C3" collectingDate="2021-03-30" collectingDateMax="2021-04-09" collectingDateMin="2021-03-30" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="E. LoPresti" county="Brooks Co." latitude="27.094135" location="Brooks Co." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.146484" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE6828" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Texas">
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FD05D98EFAE548C3" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectingDateMax="2015-08-01" collectingDateMin="2015-07-21" collectionCode="T" collectorName="E. LoPresti" county="Scotland Co." latitude="27.094135" location="St. Andrews University" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-98.146484" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="CSE2121" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FD05D98EFCC248AF" box="[710,805,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD4FFA3FCF3D98EFC5348AF" box="[816,948,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brooks Co.</collectingCounty>
@ -240,7 +234,7 @@ on
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF04DE1EFBDF4DB7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF04DE1EFC104D5B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF04DE1EFE694E3B" blockId="14.[151,1437,798,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF04DE1EFEF64F3F" bold="true" box="[199,273,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FEDBDE1EFE714F3F" box="[280,406,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
@ -364,30 +358,25 @@ we were able to locate were embedded singly in pits chewed in the upper leaf sur
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD4FFA3FCA2DC32FC0C4D5B" box="[865,1003,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 3643" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3643. Leaf mines of Brachycoryna spp.; 36: B. hardyi on Hemizonia congesta (photo by E. LoPresti); 37: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 38: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at tip of leaf; 39: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 40: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 41: B. pumila on Sida rhombifolia; 42: B. pumila on Sphaeralcea lindheimeri; 43: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387872/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 4143</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF04DC5EFBDF4DB7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF04DC5EFBDF4DB7" blockId="14.[151,1437,798,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF04DC5EFEF64D7F" bold="true" box="[199,273,1627,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Notes.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FEDADC5EFAF34D7F" box="[281,1300,1627,1653]" collectorName="The" location="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FEDADC5EFE244D7F" box="[281,451,1627,1653]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
is a new state record for this beetle.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD4FFA3FCAADC5EFC724D7F" box="[873,917,1627,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">The</collectorName>
previous records from east of the
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FADEDC5EFF1A4D93" location="River" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mississippi">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FADEDC5EFA7A4D7F" box="[1309,1437,1627,1653]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FF54DC7AFF324D93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FF54DC7AFF324D93" box="[151,213,1663,1689]" name="River" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Mississippi">River</location>
are
</materialsCitation>
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FEC0DC7AFE114D93" box="[259,502,1663,1689]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mississippi, Alabama</collectingRegion>
, and
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FDECDC7AFC384D93" box="[559,991,1663,1689]" location="Farther" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FDECDC7AFD634D93" box="[559,644,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Florida</collectingRegion>
.
<location id="9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FD4EDC7AFD394D93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFD4FFA3FF54D8B7FBDF4DB7:9D7561A6FFD4FFA3FD4EDC7AFD394D93" box="[653,734,1663,1689]" name="Farther" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Florida">Farther</location>
west, it occurs north to
</materialsCitation>
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FC26DC7AFB474D93" box="[997,1184,1663,1689]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Utah, Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
, and
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD4FFA3FB1BDC7AFBD34DB7" collectionCode="BIN, BOLD" location="Our" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="ADG5401" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Missouri">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD4FFA3FB1BDC7AFADB4D93" box="[1240,1340,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Missouri</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD4FFA3FA89DC7AFF334DB7" author="Staines, C. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref48377" refString="Staines, C. L. (2015) Catalog of the hispines of the world. Available from: https: // naturalhistory. si. edu / research / entomology / collections-overview / coleoptera / catalog-hispines-world (accessed 23 January 2020)." type="url" year="2015">Staines 2015</bibRefCitation>
@ -397,7 +386,6 @@ barcoded specimen is the sole representative of
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFD4FFA3FCF2DCA6FC514DB7" box="[817,950,1699,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BIN BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFD4FFA3FC7ADCA6FBD34DB7" box="[953,1076,1698,1725]" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ADG5401</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

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@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
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<mods:title id="F8F549DD4B11D6A4DE7C9791D6362D49">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<heading id="C35D8011FFD6FFA1FF54DE83FDED4FAA" bold="true" box="[151,522,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FF54DE83FDED4FAA" ID-CoL="MVLP" authority="(Crotch)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,522,1158,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FF54DE83FDED4FAA" bold="true" box="[151,522,1158,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FF54DE83FE7F4FAB" bold="true" box="[151,408,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachycoryna hardyi</emphasis>
(Crotch)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFD6FFA1FF54DEAEFE654FCF" blockId="12.[151,522,1158,1221]" box="[151,386,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD6FFA1FF5CDEAEFF084FCF" box="[159,239,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD6FFA1FF38DEAEFEA44FCF" box="[251,323,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 3643" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3643. Leaf mines of Brachycoryna spp.; 36: B. hardyi on Hemizonia congesta (photo by E. LoPresti); 37: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 38: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at tip of leaf; 39: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 40: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 41: B. pumila on Sida rhombifolia; 42: B. pumila on Sphaeralcea lindheimeri; 43: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387872/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3640</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD6FFA1FE8CDEAEFE9D4FCF" box="[335,378,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 122140" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,155,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@50.[170,1416,151,1856]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 122140. Chalepini adults; 122: Anisostena californica; 123: A. funesta; 124: A. kansana; 125: A. lecontii; 126: A. cf. perspicua; 127: Baliosus californicus; 128: B. nervosus (reared from Alnus serrulata); 129: B. nervosus with DNA barcode differing from that of previous specimen by&gt;10% (reared from Tilia americana); 130: Brachycoryna hardyi; 131: B. pumila; 132: Chalepus bicolor; 133: C. walshii walshii; 134: Glyphuroplata pluto; 135: Microrhopala excavata cyanea; 136: M. excavata excavata; 137: M. laetula; 138: same; 139: M. rubrolineata; 140: M. vittata; 141: M. xerene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387932/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">130</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFD6FFA1FF54DEF6FE604E73" blockId="12.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FF54DEF6FE9D4E06" bold="true" box="[151,378,1266,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD6FFA1FE45DEF6FA7B4E3B" latitude="38.767044" longitude="-120.326004" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD6FFA1FE45DEF6FDD34E07" box="[390,564,1267,1293]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
: El Dorado Co., Pony Express trail,
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,
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,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD6FFA1FAD5DEF6FA7F4E07" box="[1302,1432,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2023-07-22">22.vii.2023</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFD6FFA1FF0ADF12FE864E3B" box="[201,353,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2023-08-02" valueMax="2023-08-03" valueMin="2023-08-02">23.viii.2023</date>
, C.S. &amp; A.B. Eiseman &amp; J.A. Blyth, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FCEDDF12FBDA4E3A" box="[814,1085,1303,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integerrimus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FCEDDF12FBDA4E3A" box="[814,1085,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceanothus integerrimus</emphasis>
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, #
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8346 (
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFD6FFA1FB1ADF12FACE4E3B" box="[1241,1321,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
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);
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<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD6FFA1FF54DF3EFE644E73" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Lake Co., McLaughlin Natural Reserve,
<date id="EC1411BDFFD6FFA1FDB2DF3EFD0C4E5F" box="[625,747,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2018-06-20">20.vi.2018</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFD6FFA1FCEEDF3EFC0F4E5F" box="[813,1000,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2018-06-28" valueMax="2018-07-06" valueMin="2018-06-28">28.vi6.vii.2018</date>
, E. LoPresti, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FB6DDF3EFA714E5E" box="[1198,1430,1339,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hemizonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FB6DDF3EFA714E5E" box="[1198,1430,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hemizonia congesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
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4710 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FF04DF86FE5D4E96" bold="true" box="[199,442,1410,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Photographed mine.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFD6FFA1FE02DF86FCF94ECB" collectingDate="2023-07-23" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Calaveras Co." latitude="38.268105" location="Arnold Rim Trail" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.34689" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFD6FFA1FE02DF86FD884E97" box="[449,623,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFD6FFA1FDB9DF86FCFE4E97" box="[634,793,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Calaveras Co.</collectingCounty>
,
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,
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,
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<date id="EC1411BDFFD6FFA1FAD5DF86FA7F4E97" box="[1302,1432,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2023-07-23">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFD6FFA1FAD5DF86FA7F4E97" box="[1302,1432,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2023-07-23">23.vii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFD6FFA1FF54DFA2FED64ECB" box="[151,305,1447,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FEFEDFA2FDAC4ECA" box="[317,587,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceanothus integerrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 183827420)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFD6FFA1FF04DFCEFAF94D03" blockId="12.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FF04DFCEFEF64EEF" bold="true" box="[199,273,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hosts.</emphasis>
*
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FEEADFCEFE4C4EEF" box="[297,427,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FE7FDFCEFD034EEF" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." box="[444,740,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hemizonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FE7FDFCEFD414EEE" box="[444,678,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hemizonia congesta</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FD36DFCEFC6E4EEF" box="[757,905,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FC5ADFCEFA964EEF" authority="Hook. &amp; Arn." authorityName="Hook. &amp; Arn." box="[921,1393,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integerrimus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FC5ADFCEFB5C4EEF" box="[921,1211,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceanothus *integerrimus</emphasis>
Hook. &amp; Arn.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FA40DFCEFE9C4D03" authority="Greene" authorityName="Greene" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucodermis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FA40DFCEFEC74D03" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. leucodermis</emphasis>
Greene
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FE45DFEAFD884D03" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[390,623,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FE45DFEAFDC24D02" box="[390,549,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. sanguineus</emphasis>
Pursh
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FDBADFEAFC354D03" authority="Douglas ex Hook." authorityName="Hook." box="[633,978,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutinus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FDBADFEAFD184D03" box="[633,767,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. velutinus</emphasis>
Douglas ex Hook.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD6FFA1FC22DFEAFB844D03" author="Grant, J." box="[993,1123,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref46015" refString="Grant, J. (1969) Brachycoryna hardyi Crotch and Microrhopala cyanea (Say), two Hispinae rare in British Columbia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 66, 25." type="journal volume" year="1969">Grant 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD6FFA1FBACDFEAFAF64D03" author="Staines, C. L." box="[1135,1297,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="231 - 241" refId="ref48269" refString="Staines, C. L. (1986 b) A revision of the genus Brachycoryna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae). Insecta Mundi, 1 (4), 231 - 241." type="journal article" year="1986">Staines 1986b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD6FFA1FF04DC17FB174C47" blockId="12.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FF04DC17FEC04D26" bold="true" box="[199,295,1554,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biology.</emphasis>
The only previously published information about the larval biology of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FB93DC16FAD84D27" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1104,1343,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FB93DC16FAD84D27" box="[1104,1343,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachycoryna hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD6FFA1FF19DC32FE674D5B" author="Grant, J." box="[218,384,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref46015" refString="Grant, J. (1969) Brachycoryna hardyi Crotch and Microrhopala cyanea (Say), two Hispinae rare in British Columbia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 66, 25." type="journal volume" year="1969">Grants (1969)</bibRefCitation>
brief account of having collected
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFD6FFA1FCC8DC32FC664D5B" box="[779,897,1591,1617]" count="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="pupa">two pupae</specimenCount>
“in small blotch mines in leaves of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FAE7DC32FEF24D7E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FAE7DC32FEF24D7E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceanothus sanguineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from which
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFD6FFA1FE7DDC5EFDCE4D7F" box="[446,553,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
emerged. In the three mines we observed on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FB89DC5EFB194D7E" box="[1098,1278,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integerrimus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FB89DC5EFB194D7E" box="[1098,1278,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. integerrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the egg was embedded in a pit chewed in the lower leaf surface, at the margin (near the base of the leaf in two examples and near the apex in the third), and largely concealed by a coating of dark brown excrement. The mines differed conspicuously from those of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FEF6DCC2FDC44DEB" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[309,547,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Baliosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FEF6DCC2FDC44DEB" box="[309,547,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Baliosus californicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the same host in being full-depth (rather than confined to the upper surface) with dense, dark mottling all over the lower surface due to frass deposited on the floor of the mine (not concentrated near the center as in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FEB8DD0AFDC74C23" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[379,544,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Baliosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FEB8DD0AFDC74C23" box="[379,544,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. californicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD6FFA1FDFBDD0AFD264C23" box="[568,705,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 3643" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3643. Leaf mines of Brachycoryna spp.; 36: B. hardyi on Hemizonia congesta (photo by E. LoPresti); 37: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 38: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at tip of leaf; 39: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 40: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 41: B. pumila on Sida rhombifolia; 42: B. pumila on Sphaeralcea lindheimeri; 43: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387872/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 3740</figureCitation>
). The observed mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FC14DD0AFB9B4C23" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[983,1148,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Baliosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FC14DD0AFB9B4C23" box="[983,1148,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. californicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
began away from the leaf margin and were initially green, whereas those of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FD04DD36FCC94C47" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[711,814,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FD04DD36FCC94C47" box="[711,814,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were whitish to pale brown throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD6FFA1FF04DD52FDD24CD7" blockId="12.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
On
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FF32DD52FE314C7A" box="[241,470,1879,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hemizonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FF32DD52FE314C7A" box="[241,470,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hemizonia congesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the eggs of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD6FFA1FDAADD52FD364C7B" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[617,721,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD6FFA1FDAADD52FD364C7B" box="[617,721,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similarly concealed by a coating of dark brown excrement, but they are embedded in pits chewed in the upper leaf surface (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD6FFA1FCBADD7EFC584C9F" box="[889,959,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 122" captionStartId="5.[151,262,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[150,1437,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 122. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387860/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The mine occupies the full width of the narrow leaf and much of its length. Details of the frass cannot be seen in the photographed examples, but it appears to be aggregated in clumps (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFD6FFA1FE17DDC6FDCE4CD7" box="[468,553,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 3643" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,151,1901]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3643. Leaf mines of Brachycoryna spp.; 36: B. hardyi on Hemizonia congesta (photo by E. LoPresti); 37: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 38: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at tip of leaf; 39: B. hardyi on Ceanothus integerrimus; 40: lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at far right; 41: B. pumila on Sida rhombifolia; 42: B. pumila on Sphaeralcea lindheimeri; 43: same." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387872/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="CCD567F5FFD7FFA0FF54DD70FCD04CF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14387872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387872/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[151,1435,151,1901]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD7FFA0FF54DD70FCD04CF3" blockId="13.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FF54DD70FEB04C87" bold="true" box="[151,343,1909,1933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURES 3643.</emphasis>
Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FE3FDD70FD264C87" box="[508,705,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FE3FDD70FD6B4C87" box="[508,652,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachycoryna</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FD0DDD70FD174C87" bold="true" box="[718,752,1909,1933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">36:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FD3ADD73FCBE4C87" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[761,857,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FD3ADD73FCBE4C87" box="[761,857,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FC46DD73FBB14C87" box="[901,1110,1910,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hemizonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FC46DD73FBB14C87" box="[901,1110,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hemizonia congesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(photo by E. LoPresti);
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FA98DD70FA9A4C87" bold="true" box="[1371,1405,1909,1933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">37:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FA45DD73FF3F4CBB" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FA45DD73FF3F4CBB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FEC2DD9CFE114CBB" box="[257,502,1945,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integerrimus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FEC2DD9CFE114CBB" box="[257,502,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ceanothus integerrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FDC5DD9CFDC04CBB" bold="true" box="[518,551,1945,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">38:</emphasis>
lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at tip of leaf;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FAD7DD9CFAD14CBB" bold="true" box="[1300,1334,1945,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">39:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FAFEDD9FFA7B4CBB" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1341,1436,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FAFEDD9FFA7B4CBB" box="[1341,1436,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FF7BDDB8FE4A4CDF" box="[184,429,1981,2005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integerrimus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FF7BDDB8FE4A4CDF" box="[184,429,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ceanothus integerrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FE7EDDB8FE394CDF" bold="true" box="[445,478,1981,2005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">40:</emphasis>
lower surface of same mine, with excrement-covered egg at far right;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FB7ADDB8FB3C4CDF" bold="true" box="[1209,1243,1981,2005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">41:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FB21DDBBFAA14CDF" box="[1250,1350,1981,2005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FB21DDBBFAA14CDF" box="[1250,1350,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FAACDDB8FEE94CF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FAACDDB8FEE94CF3" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sida rhombifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FEDFDDE4FEDA4CF3" bold="true" box="[284,317,2017,2041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FE87DDE7FE414CF3" box="[324,422,2017,2041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FE87DDE7FE414CF3" box="[324,422,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD7FFA0FE0FDDE4FD214CF3" box="[460,710,2017,2041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sphaeralcea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lindheimeri">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FE0FDDE4FD214CF3" box="[460,710,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sphaeralcea lindheimeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD7FFA0FD10DDE4FD124CF3" bold="true" box="[723,757,2017,2041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">43:</emphasis>
same.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF04DA93FC5E4BF3" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF04DA93FEB34BBA" bold="true" box="[199,340,150,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
An undetermined
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FDDEDA92FD2E4BBB" box="[541,713,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FDDEDA92FD944BBB" box="[541,627,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Conura</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FD16DA92FCB94BBB" box="[725,862,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
) emerged from the mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FB53DA92FA7B4BBA" box="[1168,1436,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integerrimus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FB53DA92FA7B4BBA" box="[1168,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ceanothus integerrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in Calaveras Co. (CSE8392, CNC / iNat 202990048). A
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FCB9DABEFBB84BDF" box="[890,1119,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FCB9DABEFBDF4BDF" box="[890,1080,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Neochrysocharis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FBAEDABEFB174BDF" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1133,1264,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged from the collection of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FE97DADAFE2A4BF2" box="[340,461,223,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hemizonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FE97DADAFE2A4BF2" box="[340,461,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hemizonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves (CSE4717, CNC / iNat 203110328).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFD4FFA3FF04DB06FBDF496B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFD4FFA3FF04DB06FBDF496B" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF04DB06FEF64A17" bold="true" box="[199,273,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Notes.</emphasis>
According to S.M. Clark (
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FD8BDB06FD614A17" box="[584,646,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in litt</emphasis>
.), our specimens reared from
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FC20DB06FBBB4A16" box="[995,1116,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hemizonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are probably
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FB3DDB06FF384A4B" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FB3DDB06FF384A4B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brachycoryna hardyi</emphasis>
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, but most species in the genus cannot be identified satisfactorily using
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD4FFA3FBD6DB22FB264A4B" author="Staines, C. L." box="[1045,1217,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="231 - 241" refId="ref48269" refString="Staines, C. L. (1986 b) A revision of the genus Brachycoryna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae). Insecta Mundi, 1 (4), 231 - 241." type="journal article" year="1986">Staines (1986b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD4FFA3FB0DDB22FAEF4A4B" author="Staines, C. L." box="[1230,1288,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref48340" refString="Staines, C. L. (2006) The Hispine Beetles of America North of Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Virgina Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 13, 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
) because the characters emphasized are difficult to see if in fact they are present at all. He reports that our specimens very closely match material identified by Staines as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FD8EDB6AFD534A83" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[589,692,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FD8EDB6AFD534A83" box="[589,692,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and are noticeably different from material identified by Staines as
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF54DB96FEFF4AA7" box="[151,280,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. dolorosa</emphasis>
Van Dyke
</taxonomicName>
, which is the species for which
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFD4FFA3FD2FDB96FC7B4AA7" author="Staines, C. L." box="[748,924,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="231 - 241" refId="ref48269" refString="Staines, C. L. (1986 b) A revision of the genus Brachycoryna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae). Insecta Mundi, 1 (4), 231 - 241." type="journal article" year="1986">Staines (1986b)</bibRefCitation>
reported an adult association with “
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FAE8DB96FA7A4AA6" box="[1323,1437,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hemizona</emphasis>
sp.” No larval hosts have been reported for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FD47DBB2FCE04ADB" authorityName="Van Dyke" authorityYear="1925" box="[644,775,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Brachycoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolorosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FD47DBB2FCE04ADB" box="[644,775,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. dolorosa</emphasis>
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, but
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stated that adults have been collected from
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FF17DBDEFE504AFE" box="[212,439,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ceanothus cuneatus</emphasis>
(Hook.) Nutt.
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in addition to various tarweeds (
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: Madieae). S.M. Clark (
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FA93DBDEFA6B4AFF" box="[1360,1420,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in litt</emphasis>
.) suggests that several western
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFD4FFA3FE22DBFAFD304913" box="[481,727,511,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFD4FFA3FE22DBFAFD674913" box="[481,640,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brachycoryna</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
seem to be nearly identical, and that if the currently recognized names are not all synonyms, then some of the reported plant associations are probably based on misidentified insects; it also may be that multiple species are masquerading under a single name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
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View file

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View file

@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
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<date id="EC1411BDFFEAFF9DFA43D9D7FEE84F05" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2017-04-03" valueMax="2017-04-17" valueMin="2017-04-03">3 17.iv.2017</date>
, C.S. Eiseman, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFE21D9F0FD474F04" authorityName="A. Gray. Santiago-Blay" authorityYear="2004" box="[482,672,1013,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exsertum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE21D9F0FD474F04" box="[482,672,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lycium exsertum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFEAFF9DFD7FD9F1FD084F05" box="[700,751,1012,1039]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CSE</collectionCode>
3359 (
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFEAFF9DFCFBD9F0FC744F05" box="[824,915,1013,1039]" count="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="adult">8 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFEAFF9DFC5ED9F0FC1F4F05" box="[925,1016,1013,1039]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">MLBM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFEAFF9DFF04DE1DFC0F4E0C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF04DE1DFF054F72" blockId="48.[151,1437,977,1356]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF04DE1DFEF64F38" bold="true" box="[199,273,1048,1074]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFED6DE1DFE2F4F38" box="[277,456,1048,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFE13DE1DFD5E4F38" box="[464,697,1048,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="album">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE13DE1DFD5E4F38" box="[464,697,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Chenopodium album</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFD20DE1DFC8F4F38" author="Blake, D. H." box="[739,872,1048,1074]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="145 - 171" refId="ref43854" refString="Blake, D. H. (1939) A study of Leconte's types of the beetles in the genus Monoxia, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 87 (3072), 145 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.87 - 3072.145" type="journal article" year="1939">Blake 1939</bibRefCitation>
); *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFC46DE1DFBED4F38" box="[901,1034,1048,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFBD0DE1CFEC54F5F" authority="A. Gray. Santiago-Blay (2004)" authorityName="A. Gray. Santiago-Blay" authorityYear="2004" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exsertum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFBD0DE1CFB284F38" box="[1043,1231,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lycium exsertum</emphasis>
A.Gray.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFAF2DE1DFEC54F5F" author="Santiago-Blay, J. A." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref48092" refString="Santiago-Blay, J. A. (2004) Leaf-mining chrysomelids. In: Jolivet, P., Santiago-Blay, J. A. &amp; Schmitt, M. New Developments in the Biology of Chrysomelidae. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475335 _ 030" type="book chapter" year="2004">Santiago-Blay (2004)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
lists
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFEA0DE3EFDF14F5F" box="[355,534,1083,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFDE0DE3EFCBD4F5C" authority="R. Br." authorityName="R. Br." box="[547,858,1083,1110]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semibaccata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFDE0DE3EFCF34F5F" box="[547,788,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Atriplex semibaccata</emphasis>
R.Br.
</taxonomicName>
as a host for this species, apparently referring to adults.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF04DE84FC0F4E0C" blockId="48.[151,1437,977,1356]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF04DE84FEC04F91" bold="true" box="[199,295,1153,1179]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Biology.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="471189DFFFEAFF9DFE9CDE87FE684F96" box="[351,399,1154,1180]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
series was reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFD55DE84FCD44F91" box="[662,819,1153,1179]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFD55DE84FCD44F91" box="[662,819,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Chenopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but no details were provided (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFB40DE84FAEF4F96" author="Blake, D. H." box="[1155,1288,1153,1180]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="145 - 171" refId="ref43854" refString="Blake, D. H. (1939) A study of Leconte's types of the beetles in the genus Monoxia, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 87 (3072), 145 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.87 - 3072.145" type="journal article" year="1939">Blake 1939</bibRefCitation>
). On
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFA87DE87FA714F91" box="[1348,1430,1154,1179]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFA87DE87FA714F91" box="[1348,1430,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lycium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larvae formed small, full-depth, blotch or occasionally linear mines, which were largely clean as larvae deposited much of the frass on the leaf surface while establishing new mines (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFEAFF9DFC59DECDFBD84FE8" box="[922,1087,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIGURES 118119" captionStartId="49.[151,264,910,934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,381,887]" captionTargetId="figure-76@49.[151,1435,381,887]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 118119. Larvae of Yingabruxia brisleyi mining a leaf of Lycium exsertum; 118: reflected light; 119: same leaf in transmitted light." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387924/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs. 118119</figureCitation>
). They pupated in soil or, if no soil was available, in loose cocoons spun in crumpled pieces of toilet paper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFEAFF9DFF04DF0BFA914E46" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF04DF0BFA914E46" blockId="48.[151,1437,977,1356]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF04DF0BFEF64E22" bold="true" box="[199,273,1294,1320]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Notes.</emphasis>
This is apparently the first
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFD90DF0BFD3C4E22" box="[595,731,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Yingabruxia</emphasis>
species to be reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFBD1DF0AFB834E22" box="[1042,1124,1295,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFBD1DF0AFB834E22" box="[1042,1124,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lycium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although adults of both
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFA4BDF0AFF044E41" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Y. batisia</emphasis>
(Blatchley) and
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE5CDF37FE544E41" box="[415,435,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Y.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFE79DF34FD6E4E46" authority="(LeConte)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" box="[442,649,1329,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE79DF34FDE84E41" box="[442,527,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">sordida</emphasis>
(LeConte)
</taxonomicName>
have been collected repeatedly on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFBD1DF37FB7E4E46" box="[1042,1177,1330,1356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFBD1DF37FB834E41" box="[1042,1124,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lycium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFB64DF34FA8D4E46" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1191,1386,1329,1356]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFB2DDF37FAC14E41" box="[1262,1318,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF54DA92FE134BBB" blockId="48.[151,500,151,178]" box="[151,500,151,178]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="C35D8011FFEAFF9DFF54DA92FE134BBB" bold="true" box="[151,500,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFF54DA92FE134BBB" authority="LeSage" authorityName="LeSage" box="[151,500,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF54DA92FE134BBB" bold="true" box="[151,500,151,178]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF54DA92FE754BBB" bold="true" box="[151,402,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ophraella communa</emphasis>
LeSage
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF54DADAFB4D4A17" blockId="48.[151,1437,223,790]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF54DADAFE694BF3" bold="true" box="[151,398,223,249]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Barcoded specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFEAFF9DFE5EDADAFB404A17" collectingDate="2016-09-27" collectingDateMax="2016-09-29" collectingDateMin="2016-09-27" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Scotland Co." location="St. Andrews University" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="CSE3721" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFEAFF9DFE5EDADAFD474BF3" box="[413,672,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFEAFF9DFD71DADAFCAA4BF3" box="[690,845,223,249]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFEAFF9DFCA3DADAFC074BF3" box="[864,992,223,249]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Laurinburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFEAFF9DFC37DADAFAED4BF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFEAFF9DFF54DA92FB3D481F:9D7561A6FFEAFF9DFC37DADAFAED4BF3" box="[1012,1290,223,249]" county="Scotland Co." municipality="Laurinburg" name="St. Andrews University" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="North Carolina">St. Andrews University</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFEAFF9DFADEDADAFA7F4BF3" box="[1309,1432,223,249]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-09-27">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFEAFF9DFADEDADAFA7F4BF3" box="[1309,1432,223,249]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-09-27">27.ix.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, extracted
<date id="EC1411BDFFEAFF9DFEC6DB06FE984A17" box="[261,383,259,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-09-29">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFEAFF9DFEC6DB06FE984A17" box="[261,383,259,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-09-29">29.ix.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFEAFF9DFE49DB06FE784A17" box="[394,415,259,285]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFEAFF9DFE60DB06FDC44A17" box="[419,547,259,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. Feldman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFD8CDB06FCBE4A17" box="[591,857,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="artemisiifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFD8CDB06FCBE4A17" box="[591,857,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ambrosia artemisiifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFEAFF9DFCB6DB06FC074A17" box="[885,992,259,285]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CSE3721</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFEAFF9DFC31DB06FBA74A17" box="[1010,1088,259,285]" count="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFEAFF9DFB88DB06FB794A17" box="[1099,1182,259,285]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFEAFF9DFF04DB22FCDA496B" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF04DB22FB334A83" blockId="48.[151,1437,223,790]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF04DB22FEE14A4B" bold="true" box="[199,262,295,321]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFECFDB22FE6C4A4B" box="[268,395,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFE54DB22FD454A4B" box="[407,674,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="artemisiifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE54DB22FD454A4B" box="[407,674,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ambrosia artemisiifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. is the primary host of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFC07DB22FB4B4A4B" box="[964,1196,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFC07DB22FB4B4A4B" box="[964,1196,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ophraella communa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but larvae have also been found feeding on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFE55DB4EFD9E4A6F" authority="DC." authorityName="DC. (Goeden &amp; Ricker" authorityYear="1975" box="[406,633,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertiflora">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE55DB4EFDA44A6F" box="[406,579,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. confertiflora</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFD47DB4EFC934A6F" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[644,884,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumanensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFD47DB4EFCC24A6F" box="[644,805,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. cumanensis</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFCBDDB4EFB874A6F" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." box="[894,1120,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilostachya">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFCBDDB4EFBCE4A6F" box="[894,1065,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. psilostachya</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFB5ADB49FA8D4A6F" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[1177,1386,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Iva" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFB5ADB49FAC74A6F" box="[1177,1312,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Iva axillaris</emphasis>
Pursh
</taxonomicName>
, and adults have been collected from various other plants (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFD2DDB6AFC1B4A83" author="Palmer, W. A. &amp; Goeden, R. D." box="[750,1020,367,393]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref47286" refString="Palmer, W. A. &amp; Goeden, R. D. (1991) The host range of Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 45 (2), 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1991">Palmer &amp; Goeden 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFBC4DB6AFB2E4A83" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1031,1225,367,393]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFB8EDB75FB624A83" box="[1101,1157,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF04DB96FCDA496B" blockId="48.[151,1437,223,790]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF04DB96FEC04AA7" bold="true" box="[199,295,403,429]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Biology.</emphasis>
As far as is known, larvae of all
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFD76DB96FC864AA4" box="[693,865,403,430]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFD76DB96FCCF4AA7" box="[693,808,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ophraella</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
including
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFC1CDB96FB964AA7" box="[991,1137,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFC1CDB96FB964AA7" box="[991,1137,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">O. communa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feed on leaves externally and pupate within cocoons. The cocoon of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFD43DBB2FCF74ADB" box="[640,784,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFD43DBB2FCF74ADB" box="[640,784,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">O. communa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often on exposed foliage or among the branches of the inflorescence of the host plant (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFE3ADBDEFD454AFF" author="Futuyma, D. J." box="[505,674,475,501]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="163 - 186" refId="ref45509" refString="Futuyma, D. J. (1990) Observations on the taxonomy and natural history of Ophraella Wilcox (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with a description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98 (2), 163 - 186." type="journal article" year="1990">Futuyma 1990</bibRefCitation>
). The barcoded larva was found dead in a cocoon it had spun inside a puffy leaf mine, which we believe was made by a larva of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFC86DBFAFB1B4913" authority="(Clemens)" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[837,1276,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Leucospilapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustella">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFC86DBFAFB674913" box="[837,1152,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucospilapteryx venustella</emphasis>
(Clemens)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFAC8DBFAFA7E4913" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1291,1433,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFF54D826FED14937" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,310,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
). The beetle larva appears to have entered through a hole chewed in the lower epidermis, and it likely used the mine only as a pupation site without feeding inside.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFEAFF9DFF04D86EFB3D481F" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFEAFF9DFF04D86EFB3D481F" blockId="48.[151,1437,223,790]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF04D86EFEF6498F" bold="true" box="[199,273,619,645]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Notes.</emphasis>
The barcode of this larva belongs to BIN BOLD:ACH6687, which includes
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFEAFF9DFB42D86EFACE498F" box="[1153,1321,619,646]" count="577" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">577 specimens</specimenCount>
identified as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFF74D88AFE7849A3" box="[183,415,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF74D88AFE7849A3" box="[183,415,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ophraella communa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ten identified as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFD55D88AFC9B49A3" authority="(Kirby)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[662,892,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFD55D88AFCFA49A3" box="[662,797,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">O. bilineata</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
; the latter species is a specialist on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFAD0D88AFD9B49C7" authority="(Pursh) Shinners (Clark et al. 2004)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFAD0D88AFF0549C7" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Heterotheca villosa</emphasis>
(Pursh) Shinners (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFE71D8B6FD9349C7" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[434,628,691,717]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE3AD8B1FDD649C7" box="[505,561,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, so we feel it is safe to assign the larva to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFB93D8B6FB3849C7" box="[1104,1247,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communa">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFB93D8B6FB3849C7" box="[1104,1247,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">O. communa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The appearance of an
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFF14D8D2FEAD49FB" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[215,330,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFF14D8D2FEAD49FB" box="[215,330,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ophraella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva in a leaf mine is interesting given the close relationship of this genus to
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFB74D8DDFAFC49FB" box="[1207,1307,728,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFB74D8DDFAFC49FB" box="[1207,1307,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Monoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(composed ~entirely of leafminers) and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFEAFF9DFE14D8FEFDBD481F" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1936" box="[471,602,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Erynephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFEAFF9DFE14D8FEFDBD481F" box="[471,602,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Erynephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with at least one stem-mining species) (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFEAFF9DFBE6D8FEFB2A481F" author="Futuyma, D. J." box="[1061,1229,763,789]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="163 - 186" refId="ref45509" refString="Futuyma, D. J. (1990) Observations on the taxonomy and natural history of Ophraella Wilcox (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with a description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98 (2), 163 - 186." type="journal article" year="1990">Futuyma 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
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<mods:location id="D9E727CC9BAC31A44D853B62F1C6C603">
<mods:url id="6726B5B2DC8C0708B781D254ADBAFF08">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E048B98496F397A1C00F6A79C152C810">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8B404A8A7B0E2345B80F946F7AF0A18D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31465D97B62B58E188D21D5B2EEB7E3E" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5426922FA73EB372F17D3F0116CF54B0" type="Zenodo-Dep">14387856</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6A4E2DCAD8C349043D2407A49BD83628" type="ZooBank">81E6E742-1FE2-4480-AF93-3D92DF80A737</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1003866BFFF1FF81FF54DEFDFB534BF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF1FF81FF54DEFDFB534BF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFF1FF81FF54DEFDFB534BF3" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF1FF86FF54DEFDFEB94E18" box="[151,350,1272,1299]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF1FF86FF54DEFDFEB94E18" blockId="43.[151,350,1272,1334]" box="[151,350,1272,1299]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="C35D8011FFF1FF86FF54DEFDFEB94E18" bold="true" box="[151,350,1272,1299]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FF54DEFDFEB94E18" box="[151,350,1272,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FF54DEFDFEB94E18" bold="true" box="[151,350,1272,1299]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FF54DEFDFEFA4E19" bold="true" box="[151,285,1272,1299]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phyllotreta</emphasis>
sp. 1
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF1FF86FF54DF19FEEF4E3C" box="[151,264,1308,1334]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF1FF86FF54DF19FEEF4E3C" blockId="43.[151,350,1272,1334]" box="[151,264,1308,1334]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF1FF86FF5CDF19FF184E3C" box="[159,255,1308,1334]" captionStart="FIGURES 99102" captionStartId="43.[151,264,806,830]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@43.[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 99102. Leaf mines of Phyllotreta spp.; 99: P. liebecki on Cardamine impatiens; 100: same; 101: Phyllotreta sp. 1 on Lepidium oblongum; 102: Phyllotreta sp. 2 on Lepidium virginicum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387912/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF1FF86FF54DF61FD8C4EA8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF1FF86FF54DF61FD8C4EA8" blockId="43.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FF54DF61FE914E74" bold="true" box="[151,374,1380,1406]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF1FF86FEBDDF61FD804EA8" collectingDate="2016-03-22" collectingDateMax="2016-04-14" collectingDateMin="2016-03-22" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." location="Stillwater" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="CSE3069" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-adult="3" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF1FF86FEBDDF61FDC14E74" box="[382,550,1380,1406]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF1FF86FDF2DF60FD404E74" box="[561,679,1380,1407]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF1FF86FD77DF61FCC44E74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF1FF81FF54DEFDFB534BF3:9D7561A6FFF1FF86FD77DF61FCC44E74" box="[692,803,1380,1406]" county="Payne Co." name="Stillwater" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Stillwater</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF1FF86FCEDDF61FC4C4E74" box="[814,939,1380,1406]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2016-03-22">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF1FF86FCEDDF61FC4C4E74" box="[814,939,1380,1406]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2016-03-22">22.iii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF1FF86FC2BDF61FB874E74" box="[1000,1120,1380,1406]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2016-04-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF1FF86FC2BDF61FB874E74" box="[1000,1120,1380,1406]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2016-04-14">14.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF1FF86FBAFDF60FAE34E74" box="[1132,1284,1380,1407]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FAF1DF61FEE04EA8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FAF1DF61FEE04EA8" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium oblongum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF1FF86FEE0DF8DFE684EA8" box="[291,399,1416,1442]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">CSE3069</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF1FF86FE5CDF8DFE1D4EA8" box="[415,506,1416,1442]" count="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="adult">3 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF1FF86FDC6DF8DFD874EA8" box="[517,608,1416,1442]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF1FF86FF04DFA9FD034D5C" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF1FF86FF04DFA9FD3A4ECC" blockId="43.[151,1437,1380,2019]" box="[199,733,1452,1478]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FF04DFA9FEE14ECC" bold="true" box="[199,262,1452,1478]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FECEDFA9FE454ECC" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[269,418,1452,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FE6EDFA9FD3A4ECC" authority="Small." authorityName="Small." box="[429,733,1452,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FE6EDFA9FD6A4ECC" box="[429,653,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium oblongum</emphasis>
Small.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF1FF86FF04DFD5FD034D5C" blockId="43.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FF04DFD5FEC04EE0" bold="true" box="[199,295,1488,1514]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Biology.</emphasis>
The larva is slender and yellow with dark spots, seemingly identical with that of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FB14DFD4FA7B4EE0" authorityName="Eiseman" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" box="[1239,1436,1488,1514]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Planodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chalybeipennis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FB14DFD4FA7B4EE0" box="[1239,1436,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. chalybeipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
figured by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF1FF86FED7DFF1FE2D4D05" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[276,458,1524,1551]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">Eiseman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. The single photographed mine is full-depth and linear, about
<quantity id="5F529A98FFF1FF86FB48DFF1FB054D05" box="[1163,1250,1524,1551]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide, following the margin of a leaf whose main body is only
<quantity id="5F529A98FFF1FF86FD5EDC1DFD394D39" box="[669,734,1560,1587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, and entering some of the narrow lobes (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF1FF86FB29DC1DFAAB4D38" box="[1258,1356,1560,1586]" captionStart="FIGURES 99102" captionStartId="43.[151,264,806,830]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@43.[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 99102. Leaf mines of Phyllotreta spp.; 99: P. liebecki on Cardamine impatiens; 100: same; 101: Phyllotreta sp. 1 on Lepidium oblongum; 102: Phyllotreta sp. 2 on Lepidium virginicum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387912/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
). Frass particles form a more or less continuous central line.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF1FF81FF04DC65FB534BF3" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF1FF81FF04DC65FB534BF3" blockId="43.[151,1437,1380,2019]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FF04DC65FEF64D70" bold="true" box="[199,273,1632,1658]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Notes.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FE55DC65FDF44D70" authorityName="Chevrolat in Dejean" authorityYear="1836" box="[406,531,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FE55DC65FDF44D70" box="[406,531,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phyllotreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes 48 Nearctic species, which are generally associated with mustards and related plants (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FEFADC81FE5D4D94" box="[313,442,1668,1694]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Brassicales</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF1FF86FE0CDC81FD6D4D94" author="Riley, E. G. &amp; Clark, S. M. &amp; Seeno, T. N." box="[463,650,1668,1695]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref47909" refString="Riley, E. G., Clark, S. M. &amp; Seeno, T. N. (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 1, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="2003">
Riley
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FDD0DC80FDA44D94" box="[531,579,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF1FF86FD56DC81FCB54D94" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[661,850,1668,1695]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FD1BDC80FCEF4D94" box="[728,776,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
). The immature stages of many species are unknown, and just seven are reported to be leafminers; most feed on roots and a few are stem borers. The species with maculate elytra were revised by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF1FF86FE57DCC9FDCD4DED" author="Smith, E. H." box="[404,554,1740,1767]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref48158" refString="Smith, E. H. (1985) Revision of the genus Phyllotreta Chevrolat of America north of Mexico. Part I. The maculate species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Fieldiana, Zoology (new series), 28, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3408" type="journal article" year="1985">Smith (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, including five leafminers:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FC9FDCC8FBB74DEC" authority="(Koch)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[860,1104,1740,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoraciae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FC9FDCC8FC1D4DEC" box="[860,1018,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. armoraciae</emphasis>
(Koch)
</taxonomicName>
(normally feeding only in the midrib and petiole),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FEB9DCF4FDB74C00" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[378,592,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FEB9DCF4FDE34C00" box="[378,516,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. constricta</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FD98DCF4FD2B4C00" box="[603,716,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liebecki">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FD98DCF4FD2B4C00" box="[603,716,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. liebecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(discussed above),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FC64DCF4FB574C00" authority="(Crotch)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[935,1200,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FC64DCF4FBAF4C00" box="[935,1096,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. oregonensis</emphasis>
(Crotch)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FB2ADCF4FF1D4C24" authority="(Crotch)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zimmermanni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FB2ADCF4FA7B4C00" box="[1257,1436,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. zimmermanni</emphasis>
(Crotch)
</taxonomicName>
. The immaculate species mostly have not been taxonomically studied since
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF1FF86FBBFDD11FAA84C24" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[1148,1359,1812,1838]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref44558" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1927) The species of Phyllotreta north of Mexico. Entomologica Americana, 8 (1), 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1927">Chittenden (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, when genitalia were not yet known to be critical for identifying species in the genus. Even so, based on external characters, our specimens do not match well with the published descriptions of any of the species known to occur in North America, and they most likely belong to an undescribed species. However, extensive taxonomic research would be required to confirm this (S.M. Clark,
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FDFEDDA0FD664CB4" box="[573,641,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">in litt.</emphasis>
). The two immaculate species known to mine leaves are
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FAC4DDA0FF1E4CE8" authority="(Crotch)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneicollis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FAC4DDA0FA7B4CB4" box="[1287,1436,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. aeneicollis</emphasis>
(Crotch)
</taxonomicName>
, which is recorded from several genera of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FD23DDCDFC934CE8" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[736,884,1992,2018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
, and the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FC18DDCDFB834CE8" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[987,1124,1992,2018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Cakile" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF86FC18DDCDFBC34CE8" box="[987,1060,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cakile</emphasis>
Mill.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF86FBB0DDCDFAE04CE8" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[1139,1287,1992,2018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
) specialist
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF1FF81FA4BDDCCFED84BBB" authorityName="Eiseman" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Planodes" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" order="Brassicales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chalybeipennis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF1FF81FA4BDDCCFED84BBB" italics="true" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. chalybeipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF6FF81FE8EDA92FDFD4BBB" author="Chittenden, F. H." box="[333,538,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="131 - 139" refId="ref44515" refString="Chittenden, F. H. (1923) Notes on the distribution and habits of North American Phyllotreta (Coleop.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 25 (5 - 6), 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="1923">Chittenden (1923)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FD45DA92FD174BBB" box="[646,752,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FD45DA92FD174BBB" box="[646,752,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a larval host for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FC0CDA92FB844BBB" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[975,1123,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneicollis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FC0CDA92FB844BBB" box="[975,1123,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. aeneicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FBB1DA92FB024BBB" box="[1138,1253,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liebecki">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FBB1DA92FB024BBB" box="[1138,1253,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. liebecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FB30DA92FA724BBA" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1267,1429,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FB30DA92FA724BBA" box="[1267,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. oregonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FF07DABEFE914BDE" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[196,374,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zimmermanni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF07DABEFE914BDE" box="[196,374,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. zimmermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the record for
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FDDFDABEFD5C4BDE" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[540,699,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FDDFDABEFD5C4BDE" box="[540,699,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. oregonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as the assertion that it is a leafminer, requires confirmation, since Chittendens concept of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FE2ADADAFD6D4BF2" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[489,650,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FE2ADADAFD6D4BF2" box="[489,650,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. oregonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included at least two other species (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF6FF81FBDCDADAFB404BF3" author="Smith, E. H." box="[1055,1191,222,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref48158" refString="Smith, E. H. (1985) Revision of the genus Phyllotreta Chevrolat of America north of Mexico. Part I. The maculate species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Fieldiana, Zoology (new series), 28, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3408" type="journal article" year="1985">Smith 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,907 @@
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<mods:title id="A57165AA6FC78D95E125EDCA174284C6">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FF54DE1EFE9D4F3C" bold="true" box="[151,378,1051,1078]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mantura floridana</emphasis>
Crotch
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFF3FF84FF54DE3AFE814F53" blockId="41.[151,473,1051,1113]" box="[151,358,1087,1113]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF3FF84FF5CDE3AFEC04F53" box="[159,295,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 8998" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-18@39.[151,1435,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 8998. Leaf mines of Alticini spp.; 89: Altica cf. lazulina on Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia; 90: Dibolia borealis on Plantago major; 91: D. chelones on Chelone glabra (larva producing squiggly frass); 92: same (two larvae producing central frass lines); 93: D. melampyri on Melampyrum lineare; 94: same; 95: D. cf. obscura on Penstemon griffinii; 96: same; 97: Mantura floridana on Persicaria virginiana; 98: M. floridana on Oxalis stricta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387906/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 9798</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF3FF84FEF0DE3AFEB94F53" box="[307,350,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 162173" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,275,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-24@52.[151,1435,271,1600]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 162173. Chrysomeloidea adults; 162: Dibolia cf. obscura; 163: Mantura floridana; 164: Phyllotreta liebecki; 165: Phyllotreta sp. 2; 166: Monoxia elegans; 167: M. inornata; 168: Monoxia sp. 1; 169: Monoxia sp. 2; 170: Monoxia sp. 3; 171: Yingabruxia brisleyi; 172: Zeugophora puberula; 173: Z. varians." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387940/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">163</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF3FF87FF54DE82FBF14AFF" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF3FF84FF54DE82FC574EEF" blockId="41.[151,1437,1159,2014]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FF54DE82FE914FAB" bold="true" box="[151,374,1159,1185]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FEBEDE82FB824FCF" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectingDateMax="2016-06-23" collectingDateMin="2016-06-04" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Hartford Co." location="River Linear Park Trail" municipality="East Hartford" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE2620" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Connecticut">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FEBEDE82FDA14FAB" box="[381,582,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CONNECTICUT</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF3FF84FD93DE82FD054FAB" box="[592,738,1159,1185]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hartford Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF3FF84FD2DDE8DFC6E4FAB" box="[750,905,1159,1186]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">East Hartford</collectingMunicipality>
, Hockanum
<location id="9D7561A6FFF3FF84FBD4DE82FAC74FAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF3FF87FF54DE1EFB5B4D93:9D7561A6FFF3FF84FBD4DE82FAC74FAB" box="[1047,1312,1159,1185]" county="Hartford Co." municipality="East Hartford" name="River Linear Park Trail" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Connecticut">River Linear Park Trail</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FAE8DE82FA7F4FAB" box="[1323,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-06-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FAE8DE82FA7F4FAB" box="[1323,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-06-04">4.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FF0BDEAEFEA44FCF" box="[200,323,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-06-23">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FF0BDEAEFEA44FCF" box="[200,323,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-06-23">23.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FE8CDEAEFE0C4FCF" box="[335,491,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FDD9DEA9FCEB4FCF" box="[538,780,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FDD9DEA9FCEB4FCF" box="[538,780,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Persicaria virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FCEADEAEFC734FCF" box="[809,916,1195,1221]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE2620</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FC64DEAEFC114FCF" box="[935,1014,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FBC1DEAEFBBA4FCF" box="[1026,1117,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
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<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FBB2DEAEFAE24FCF" box="[1137,1285,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MICHIGAN</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF3FF84FAD3DEAEFA7F4FCF" box="[1296,1432,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ingham Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF3FF84FF54DECAFF104FE3" box="[151,247,1231,1257]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Okemos</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF3FF84FEC0DECAFE284FE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF3FF87FF54DE1EFB5B4D93:9D7561A6FFF3FF84FEC0DECAFE284FE3" box="[259,463,1231,1257]" county="Ingham Co." municipality="Okemos" name="Ted Black Woods" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Michigan">Ted Black Woods</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FE18DECAFDB24FE3" box="[475,597,1231,1257]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2019-06-19">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FE18DECAFDB24FE3" box="[475,597,1231,1257]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2019-06-19">19.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FD57DECAFCEF4FE3" box="[660,776,1231,1257]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2019-07-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FD57DECAFCEF4FE3" box="[660,776,1231,1257]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2019-07-07">7.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FCD6DECAFC4A4FE3" box="[789,941,1231,1257]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FC17DECAFBAC4FE3" box="[980,1099,1231,1257]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">J.A. Blyth</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FBB9DECAFAF34FE3" box="[1146,1300,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FBB9DECAFAF34FE3" box="[1146,1300,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FAF2DECAFA7B4FE0" box="[1329,1436,1231,1258]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE5464</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FF63DEF6FF1A4E07" box="[160,253,1267,1293]" count="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FEC9DEF6FE824E07" box="[266,357,1267,1293]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FEBADEF6FB174E07" box="[377,1264,1267,1294]" collectingDate="2015-05-11" collectingDateMax="2015-05-21" collectingDateMin="2015-05-11" collectionCode="T" county="Durham Co." location="Durham" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FEBADEF6FD914E07" box="[377,630,1267,1293]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF3FF84FD41DEF6FCF64E07" box="[642,785,1267,1293]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Durham Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF3FF84FCDDDEF6FC9A4E07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF3FF87FF54DE1EFB5B4D93:9D7561A6FFF3FF84FCDDDEF6FC9A4E07" box="[798,893,1267,1293]" county="Durham Co." name="Durham" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="North Carolina">Durham</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FC49DEF6FC1E4E04" box="[906,1017,1267,1294]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-05-11">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FC49DEF6FC1E4E04" box="[906,1017,1267,1294]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-05-11">11.v.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FB9EDEF6FB294E04" box="[1117,1230,1267,1294]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-05-21">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FB9EDEF6FB294E04" box="[1117,1230,1267,1294]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-05-21">21.v.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FB18DEF6FB174E07" box="[1243,1264,1267,1293]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FB30DEF6FD344E3B" collectionCode="MLBM" location="Feldman" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE1575" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-adult="3" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">
S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFF3FF84FAD3DEF6FA924E07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF3FF87FF54DE1EFB5B4D93:9D7561A6FFF3FF84FAD3DEF6FA924E07" box="[1296,1397,1267,1293]" name="Feldman" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FF54DF12FF074E3B" box="[151,224,1303,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FF54DF12FF074E3B" box="[151,224,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ornamental), #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FE51DF12FE1A4E38" box="[402,509,1303,1330]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE1575</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FDCFDF12FD814E3B" box="[524,614,1303,1329]" count="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">3 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FDB3DF12FD2C4E3B" box="[624,715,1303,1329]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FD1EDF12FB504E5F" collectingDate="2015-11-04" collectingDateMax="2015-12-01" collectingDateMin="2015-11-04" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="M. W. Palmer" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" location="Mehan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE2185" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FD1EDF12FC624E3B" box="[733,901,1303,1329]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF3FF84FC4DDF1DFBE54E3B" box="[910,1026,1303,1330]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Payne Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF3FF84FBCEDF12FBB94E3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF3FF87FF54DE1EFB5B4D93:9D7561A6FFF3FF84FBCEDF12FBB94E3B" box="[1037,1118,1303,1329]" county="Payne Co." latitude="36.01434" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.99674" name="Mehan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Mehan</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FBA4DF12FAE04E38" box="[1127,1287,1303,1330]" degrees="36.014339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="36.01434">36.014339° N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FADBDF12FF554E5C" degrees="96.996744" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="-96.99674">96.996744° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FF7CDF3EFECC4E5C" box="[191,299,1339,1366]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-11-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FF7CDF3EFECC4E5C" box="[191,299,1339,1366]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-11-04">4.xi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FEAFDF3EFE074E5C" box="[364,480,1339,1366]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-12-01">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FEAFDF3EFE074E5C" box="[364,480,1339,1366]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-12-01">1.xii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FE2EDF39FD614E5F" box="[493,646,1339,1366]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FD74DF3EFCBE4E5F" box="[695,857,1339,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FD74DF3EFCBE4E5F" box="[695,857,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FCB4DF3EFC044E5C" box="[887,995,1339,1366]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE2185</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FC34DF3EFBA04E5F" box="[1015,1095,1339,1365]" count="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FB97DF3EFB484E5F" box="[1108,1199,1339,1365]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FB07DF3EFC174E73" collectingDate="2016-03-19" collectingDateMax="2016-04-08" collectingDateMin="2016-03-19" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="Palmer" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE3066" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="OKLAHOMA">
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FB07DF3EFAA74E5F" box="[1220,1344,1339,1365]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-03-19">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FB07DF3EFAA74E5F" box="[1220,1344,1339,1365]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-03-19">19.iii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FA43DF3EFEE54E73" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-06" valueMax="2016-04-08" valueMin="2016-04-06">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FA43DF3EFEE54E73" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-06" valueMax="2016-04-08" valueMin="2016-04-06">6 8.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, M.W.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FE92DF5AFE454E73" box="[337,418,1375,1401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FE0EDF65FD744E73" box="[461,659,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FE0EDF65FD744E73" box="[461,659,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rumex hastatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FD6DDF5AFCFD4E73" box="[686,794,1375,1401]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE3066</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FCEBDF5AFC644E73" box="[808,899,1375,1401]" count="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FC4EDF5AFC0F4E73" box="[909,1000,1375,1401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FC39DF5AFCAE4E97" collectingDate="2016-03-19" collectingDateMax="2016-04-22" collectingDateMin="2016-03-19" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="Palmer" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE2380" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="OKLAHOMA">
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FC39DF5AFB914E73" box="[1018,1142,1375,1401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-03-19">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FC39DF5AFB914E73" box="[1018,1142,1375,1401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-03-19">19.iii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FB73DF5AFAB44E73" box="[1200,1363,1375,1401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-14" valueMax="2016-04-22" valueMin="2016-04-14">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FB73DF5AFAB44E73" box="[1200,1363,1375,1401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-14" valueMax="2016-04-22" valueMin="2016-04-14">1422.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, M.W.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FF54DF86FF0F4E97" box="[151,232,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FEDADF81FE064E97" box="[281,481,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FEDADF81FE064E97" box="[281,481,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rumex hastatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FE3CDF86FD8D4E97" box="[511,618,1411,1437]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE2380</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FDBFDF86FD3D4E97" box="[636,730,1411,1437]" count="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FD24DF86FCA54E97" box="[743,834,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FC95DF86FD8C4ECB" collectingDate="2016-04-02" collectingDateMax="2016-04-24" collectingDateMin="2016-04-02" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="Palmer" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE3067" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="OKLAHOMA">
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FC95DF86FC264E97" box="[854,961,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-02">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FC95DF86FC264E97" box="[854,961,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-02">2.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FBC2DF86FB9E4E97" box="[1025,1145,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-24">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FBC2DF86FB9E4E97" box="[1025,1145,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-24">24.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, M.W.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FB0DDF86FAF84E97" box="[1230,1311,1411,1437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FA93DF81FEED4ECB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FA93DF81FEED4ECB" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rumex hastatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FEE4DFA2FE754ECB" box="[295,402,1447,1473]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE3067</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FE61DFA2FE1A4ECB" box="[418,509,1447,1473]" count="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FDCADFA2FD834ECB" box="[521,612,1447,1473]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FDB5DFA2FC4A4EEF" collectingDate="2023-03-15" collectingDateMax="2023-04-26" collectingDateMin="2023-03-15" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. Burrier" county="Comal Co." location="Panther Canyon Trail" municipality="New Braunfels" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE8129" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Texas">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FDB5DFA2FD324ECB" box="[630,725,1447,1473]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF3FF84FD1CDFA2FCBC4ECB" box="[735,859,1447,1473]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Comal Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF3FF84FCA4DFADFBF44ECB" box="[871,1043,1447,1474]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Braunfels</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF3FF84FBDDDFA2FAF74ECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF3FF87FF54DE1EFB5B4D93:9D7561A6FFF3FF84FBDDDFA2FAF74ECB" box="[1054,1296,1447,1473]" county="Comal Co." municipality="New Braunfels" name="Panther Canyon Trail" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Texas">Panther Canyon Trail</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FADFDFA2FA7F4EC8" box="[1308,1432,1447,1474]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2023-03-15">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FADFDFA2FA7F4EC8" box="[1308,1432,1447,1474]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2023-03-15">15.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FF29DFCEFE844EEF" box="[234,355,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2023-04-26">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FF29DFCEFE844EEF" box="[234,355,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2023-04-26">26.iv.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FEADDFCEFE054EEF" box="[366,482,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. Burrier</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FDCDDFCEFDB04EEF" box="[526,599,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FDCDDFCEFDB04EEF" box="[526,599,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FDB7DFCEFD384EEF" box="[628,735,1483,1509]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE8129</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FD32DFCEFCD84EEF" box="[753,831,1483,1509]" count="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FC89DFCEFC424EEF" box="[842,933,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF3FF84FF04DFEAFDA24D27" blockId="41.[151,1437,1159,2014]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FF04DFEAFE274D03" bold="true" box="[199,448,1519,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Collected specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FE0BDFEAFDA64D27" collectingDate="2023-03-15" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. Burrier" county="Comal Co." location="Panther Canyon Trail" municipality="New Braunfels" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="CSE8112" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Texas">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FE0BDFEAFDC04D03" box="[456,551,1519,1545]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF3FF84FDF1DFEAFD484D03" box="[562,687,1519,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Comal Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF3FF84FD7FDFF5FC8D4D03" box="[700,874,1519,1546]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Braunfels</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF3FF84FCB5DFEAFB8C4D03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF3FF87FF54DE1EFB5B4D93:9D7561A6FFF3FF84FCB5DFEAFB8C4D03" box="[886,1131,1519,1545]" county="Comal Co." municipality="New Braunfels" name="Panther Canyon Trail" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Texas">Panther Canyon Trail</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FBBBDFEAFB134D00" box="[1144,1268,1519,1546]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2023-03-15">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF3FF84FBBBDFEAFB134D00" box="[1144,1268,1519,1546]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2023-03-15">15.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF3FF84FAC2DFEAFA914D03" box="[1281,1398,1519,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. Burrier</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FF54DC16FF074D27" box="[151,224,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FF54DC16FF074D27" box="[151,224,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF3FF84FF3FDC16FE814D27" box="[252,358,1555,1581]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CSE8112</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF3FF84FEB5DC16FE344D27" box="[374,467,1555,1581]" count="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FE1DDC16FDDE4D27" box="[478,569,1555,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF3FF87FF04DC32FBF14AFF" blockId="41.[151,1437,1159,2014]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1437,151,1689]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FF04DC32FE244D5B" bold="true" box="[199,451,1591,1617]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Photographed mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FE04DC32FE834D7C" latitude="36.015278" longitude="-92.22867" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FE04DC32FD854D5B" box="[455,610,1591,1617]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">ARKANSAS</collectingRegion>
: Stone Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FD27DC32FCB94D58" box="[740,862,1591,1618]" degrees="36.015277" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="36.015278">36.015277</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FCA4DC32FC0C4D5B" box="[871,1003,1591,1617]" degrees="92.228669" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="-92.22867">-92.228669</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FC37DC32FBB04D5B" box="[1012,1111,1591,1617]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2022-05-01">1.v.2022</date>
, C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FAC0DC32FAAB4D5B" box="[1283,1356,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FAC0DC32FAAB4D5B" box="[1283,1356,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 203358675);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FEAADC5EFE444D90" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FEAADC5EFDE94D7F" box="[361,526,1627,1653]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MARYLAND</collectingRegion>
:Baltimore City Co., Herring Run Park,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FC7CDC5EFBD74D7C" box="[959,1072,1627,1654]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-05-15">15.v.2015</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FBFADC59FBAC4D7C" box="[1081,1099,1628,1654]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">T</collectionCode>
. Wilson,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FB6DDC59FA7A4D7F" box="[1198,1437,1628,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FB6DDC59FA7A4D7F" box="[1198,1437,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Persicaria virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larvae] (BG 1067915);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FE6FDC7AFC5A4DB4" latitude="42.647198" longitude="-72.42536" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FE6FDC7AFD784D93" box="[428,671,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
: Franklin Co., Northfield,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FC0DDC7AFBAF4D93" box="[974,1096,1663,1689]" degrees="42.647199" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="42.647198">42.647199</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FB97DC7AFB3F4D90" box="[1108,1240,1663,1690]" degrees="72.425359" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="-72.42536">-72.425359</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FB27DC7AFAB94D93" box="[1252,1374,1663,1689]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2017-06-23">23.vi.2017</date>
, C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FECEDCA1FE1F4DB7" box="[269,504,1699,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiseta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FECEDCA1FE1F4DB7" box="[269,504,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Persicaria longiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[parasitized larva] (iNat 203356535);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FC08DCA6FD154DE8" latitude="42.64668" longitude="-72.424446" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FC08DCA6FBD04DB7" box="[971,1079,1699,1725]" degrees="42.64668" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="42.64668">42.64668</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FB8ADCA6FB2A4DB7" box="[1097,1229,1699,1725]" degrees="72.424444" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="-72.424446">-72.424444</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FB1CDCA6FABE4DB7" box="[1247,1369,1699,1725]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2020-06-23">23.vi.2020</date>
, C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FECADCC2FE434DEB" box="[265,420,1735,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FECADCC2FE434DEB" box="[265,420,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 203361845);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FD3FDCC2FAAF4C0C" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FD3FDCC2FC774DEB" box="[764,912,1735,1761]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MICHIGAN</collectingRegion>
: Ingham Co., Eastgate Park,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FB20DCC2FABA4DEB" box="[1251,1373,1735,1761]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2019-06-19">19.vi.2019</date>
, C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FEC5DCEEFE324C0F" box="[262,469,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FEC5DCEEFE324C0F" box="[262,469,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fallopia scandens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 203356763) and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FCEDDCE9FBF84C0F" box="[814,1055,1772,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FCEDDCE9FBF84C0F" box="[814,1055,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Persicaria virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 203356764);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FA8CDCE9FBAF4C20" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Wayne Co., Dearborn,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FE8ADD0AFE5E4C23" box="[329,441,1807,1833]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2018-05-30">30.v.2018</date>
, J. Craves,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FD83DD15FCD44C23" box="[576,819,1808,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FD83DD15FCD44C23" box="[576,819,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Persicaria virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larvae] (BG 1528302);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FB91DD15FB7F4C44" latitude="42.038868" longitude="-75.02363" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FB91DD15FB0A4C23" box="[1106,1261,1807,1834]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">NEW YORK</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FB3ADD0AFA834C23" box="[1273,1380,1807,1833]" country="United States of America" name="Delaware" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Delaware</collectingRegion>
Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FF54DD36FEF64C47" box="[151,273,1843,1869]" degrees="42.038867" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="42.038868">42.038867</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FED8DD36FE784C44" box="[283,415,1843,1870]" degrees="75.023628" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="-75.02363">-75.023628</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FE6ADD36FDC34C44" box="[425,548,1843,1870]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2020-06-25">25.vi.2020</date>
, S.J. Wrens,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FD71DD36FC844C47" box="[690,867,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FD71DD36FC844C47" box="[690,867,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 51255507);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FB5CDD36FBFF4C9C" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FB5CDD36FA7E4C47" box="[1183,1433,1843,1869]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
: Durham Co., Durham, Pelham Rd.,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FD90DD52FD5A4C7B" box="[595,701,1879,1905]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-01">1.iv.2016</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FD13DD52FD024C7B" box="[720,741,1879,1905]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">T</collectionCode>
.S. Feldman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FC47DD52FBCC4C7B" box="[900,1067,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FC47DD52FBCC4C7B" box="[900,1067,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BG 1206153); Scotland Co., Laurinburg,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FEE6DD7EFE774C9C" box="[293,400,1915,1942]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2015-04-07">7.iv.2015</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FE5EDD7EFE554C9F" box="[413,434,1915,1941]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">T</collectionCode>
.S. Feldman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FD86DD79FCE94C9F" box="[581,782,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FD86DD79FCE94C9F" box="[581,782,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rumex hastatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (BG 1070523);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FBE2DD7EFB744CB3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FBE2DD7EFB7A4C9F" box="[1057,1181,1915,1941]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-03-31">31.iii.2016</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FB68DD7EFB274C9F" box="[1195,1216,1915,1941]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">T</collectionCode>
.S. Feldman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FA90DD7EFF014CB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FA90DD7EFF014CB3" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (BG 1205858);
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FE3BDD9AFD854CB0" box="[504,610,1951,1978]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2016-04-05">5.iv.2016</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF3FF84FDACDD9AFD634CB3" box="[623,644,1951,1977]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">T</collectionCode>
.S. Feldman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FCD5DDA5FC394CB3" box="[790,990,1951,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FCD5DDA5FC394CB3" box="[790,990,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rumex hastatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BG 1208140);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF84FB58DD9AFC314CD4" latitude="35.913692" longitude="-76.25509" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Tyrell Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FADDDD9AFA7F4CB0" box="[1310,1432,1951,1978]" degrees="35.913692" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="35.913692">35.913692</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF3FF84FF54DDC6FEFC4CD4" box="[151,283,1987,2014]" degrees="76.255088" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="1" value="-76.25509">-76.255088</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF3FF84FEEADDC6FE464CD7" box="[297,417,1987,2013]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="2023-04-30">30.iv.2023</date>
, L. Chen,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF3FF84FDDDDDC1FD1D4CD7" box="[542,762,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF3FF84FDDDDDC1FD1D4CD7" box="[542,762,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rumex verticillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(iNat 158341707);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF3FF87FC23DDC6FC3F4BBB" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF3FF84FC23DDC6FB6F4CD7" box="[992,1160,1987,2013]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
: Payne Co., McPherson Preserve,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FEC4DA92FE964BBB" box="[263,369,151,177]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2020-04-09">9.iv.2020</date>
, E. LoPresti,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDC8DA92FD5C4BBB" box="[523,699,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FDC8DA92FD5C4BBB" box="[523,699,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 74009849);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FC23DA92FCB74BDF" latitude="36.01434" longitude="-96.99674" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Mehan,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FBFEDA92FB394BBB" box="[1085,1246,151,177]" degrees="36.014339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="36.01434">36.014339° N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FB31DA92FA7F4BBB" box="[1266,1432,151,177]" degrees="96.996744" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="-96.99674">96.996744° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FF54DABFFEE44BDF" box="[151,259,186,213]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2015-06-05">5.vi.2015</date>
, M.W. Palmer,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE73DABEFDA94BDF" box="[432,590,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE73DABEFDA94BDF" box="[432,590,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (BG 1078884);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FC94DABFFBF24BF3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FC94DABFFC2E4BDF" box="[855,969,186,213]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2015-10-29">29.x.2015</date>
, M.W. Palmer,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FBB6DABEFAF34BDF" box="[1141,1300,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FBB6DABEFAF34BDF" box="[1141,1300,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (BG 1160723);
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FED3DADAFE6F4BF3" box="[272,392,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2020-04-10">10.iv.2020</date>
, M.W. Palmer,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDF7DADAFD054BF3" box="[564,738,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FDF7DADAFD054BF3" box="[564,738,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larvae] (iNat 203357305);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FBDFDADAFB594A17" latitude="41.619858" longitude="-80.15969" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF0FF87FBDFDADAFB144BF3" box="[1052,1267,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">PENNSYLVANIA</collectingRegion>
: Crawford Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FF54DB07FEF64A17" box="[151,273,258,285]" degrees="41.619859" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="41.619858">41.619859</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FEDEDB07FE754A17" box="[285,402,258,285]" degrees="80.15969" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="-80.15969">-80.15969</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FE5EDB06FDEE4A17" box="[413,521,259,285]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2023-09-04">4.ix.2023</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF0FF87FDD6DB06FDC04A17" box="[533,551,259,285]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">T</collectionCode>
. Brooks,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD51DB06FC904A16" box="[658,887,259,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Reynoutria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD51DB06FC904A16" box="[658,887,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Reynoutria japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 181818588);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FB06DB06FB4C4A4B" latitude="40.246452" longitude="-79.25394" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Westmoreland Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FF54DB23FEF64A4B" box="[151,273,294,321]" degrees="40.246452" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="40.246452">40.246452</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FEDFDB23FE784A4B" box="[284,415,294,321]" degrees="79.253933" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="-79.25394">-79.253933</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FE6ADB22FDF14A4B" box="[425,534,295,321]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2020-06-06">6.vi.2020</date>
, M. Schultz,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD6BDB22FC604A4A" box="[680,903,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD6BDB22FC604A4A" box="[680,903,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Persicaria sagittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larvae] (iNat 48724979);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FB72DB22FAAF4A6F" latitude="30.598034" longitude="-96.31327" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF0FF87FB72DB22FAF74A4B" box="[1201,1296,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
: Brazos Co., College Station,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FE94DB4FFE364A6F" box="[343,465,330,357]" degrees="30.598033" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="30.598034">30.598033</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FE1DDB4EFD864A6F" box="[478,609,331,357]" degrees="96.313269" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="-96.31327">-96.313269</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FDACDB4EFD0E4A6F" box="[623,745,331,357]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2021-11-20">20.xi.2021</date>
, A.
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF0FF87FCD3DB4EFCC14A6F" box="[784,806,331,357]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">R</collectionCode>
. Kelly,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FC43DB4EFBFD4A6E" box="[896,1050,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FC43DB4EFBFD4A6E" box="[896,1050,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 104389536);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FA91DB4EFB1F4A83" latitude="29.815245" longitude="-98.38794" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Comal Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FF13DB6BFEAD4A83" box="[208,330,366,393]" degrees="29.815245" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="29.815245">29.815245</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FE9BDB6AFE3C4A83" box="[344,475,367,393]" degrees="98.387938" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="-98.38794">-98.387938</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FE2ADB6AFDB44A83" box="[489,595,367,393]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2020-04-07">7.iv.2020</date>
, C. Chang,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD1CDB6AFC5F4A83" box="[735,952,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD1CDB6AFC5F4A83" box="[735,952,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 73268584);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FAC1DB6AFC174AA7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Harrison Co., Karnack,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FEC4DB96FE6E4AA7" box="[263,393,403,429]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2019-12-30">30.xii.2019</date>
, G. Smiley,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDD8DB96FD034AA7" box="[539,740,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FDD8DB96FD034AA7" box="[539,740,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rumex hastatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (BG 1766867);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FC3ADB96FC414ADB" latitude="29.275312" longitude="-97.88383" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Wilson Co., Stockdale,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FAC8DB97FA624AA7" box="[1291,1413,402,429]" degrees="29.275312" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="29.275312">29.275312</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FA50DB96FEF64ADB" degrees="97.883828" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="-97.88383">- 97.883828</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FEDEDBB2FE704ADB" box="[285,407,439,465]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2023-11-18">18.xi.2023</date>
, C. Burrier,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDE6DBB2FD894ADB" box="[549,622,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FDE6DBB2FD894ADB" box="[549,622,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larvae] (iNat 191396728);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF0FF87FC6CDBB2FBF14AFF" latitude="46.240345" longitude="-63.1347" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF0FF87FC6CDBB2FAE14ADB" box="[943,1286,439,465]" country="Canada" name="Prince Edward Island" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND</collectingRegion>
: Queens Co.,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FF54DBDEFEF64AFF" box="[151,273,475,501]" degrees="46.240344" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="46.240345">46.240344</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFF0FF87FEDFDBDEFE474AFF" box="[284,416,475,501]" degrees="63.134699" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="1" value="-63.1347">-63.134699</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FE68DBDEFDC34AFF" box="[427,548,475,501]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2021-06-16">16.vi.2021</date>
, J. Klymko,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD70DBDEFD1B4AFF" box="[691,764,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD70DBDEFD1B4AFF" box="[691,764,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 83318585).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF0FF87FF04DBFAFC6E4ECB" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF0FF87FF04DBFAFDAC49FB" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF04DBFAFEF64913" bold="true" box="[199,273,511,537]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hosts.</emphasis>
*
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FEEBDBFAFE5D4913" box="[296,442,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oxalidaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE09DBFAFD504913" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[458,695,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE09DBFAFD884913" box="[458,623,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD04DBFAFC774913" authority="Raf." authorityName="Raf." box="[711,912,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD04DBFAFCB64912" box="[711,849,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">O. montana</emphasis>
Raf.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FC63DBFAFBF74912" box="[928,1040,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FC63DBFAFBF74912" box="[928,1040,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">O. stricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FB8BDBFAFADD4913" authority="A. St." authorityName="A. St." box="[1096,1338,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FB8BDBFAFB124913" box="[1096,1269,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">O. triangularis</emphasis>
A.St.
</taxonomicName>
-Hil.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FA42DBFAFF114937" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FA42DBFAFF114937" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">O. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.;
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FEE1D826FE254937" baseAuthorityName="Eiseman" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[290,450,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE0FD826FD7E4937" box="[460,665,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE0FD826FD7E4937" box="[460,665,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fallopia scandens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Holub, *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FCF2D826FB244937" authority="(Bruijn) Kitag." authorityName="Kitag." baseAuthorityName="Bruijn" box="[817,1219,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiseta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FCF2D826FBF24937" box="[817,1045,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Persicaria longiseta</emphasis>
(Bruijn) Kitag.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FB0ED826FAAD4936" box="[1229,1354,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FB0ED826FAAD4936" box="[1229,1354,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. sagittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) H. Gross,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FF25D842FE92496A" box="[230,373,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF25D842FE92496A" box="[230,373,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gaertn., *
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDD9D842FCAA496B" authority="Houtt." authorityName="Houtt." box="[538,845,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Reynoutria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FDD9D842FD18496A" box="[538,767,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Reynoutria japonica</emphasis>
Houtt.
</taxonomicName>
(only vacated mines observed),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FB76D842FABF496A" box="[1205,1368,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FB76D842FABF496A" box="[1205,1368,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rumex crispus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FA47D842FE65498F" authority="Baldwin" authorityName="Baldwin" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FA47D842FEFF498F" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">R. *hastatulus</emphasis>
Baldwin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE4ED86EFD70498F" authority="Torr." authorityName="Torr." box="[397,663,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hymenosepalus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE4ED86EFDB0498F" box="[397,599,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">R. hymenosepalus</emphasis>
Torr.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD62D86EFCA3498F" box="[673,836,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolius">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD62D86EFCA3498F" box="[673,836,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">R. obtusifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FCB2D86EFBC3498F" box="[881,1060,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillatus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FCB2D86EFBC3498F" box="[881,1060,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">R. *verticillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FB91D86EFAF0498F" author="Marcovitch, S." box="[1106,1303,619,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="135 - 152" refId="ref46878" refString="Marcovitch, S. (1916) Insects attacking weeds in Minnesota. Report of the State Entomologist of Minnesota, 16, 135 - 152." type="journal article" year="1916">Marcovitch 1916</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FAE0D86EFA7B498F" author="Frost, S. W." box="[1315,1436,619,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="457 - 468" refId="ref45466" refString="Frost, S. W. (1924) The leaf mining habit in the Coleoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 17, 457 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 17.4.457" type="journal article" year="1924">Frost 1924</bibRefCitation>
[beetle misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE67D88AFD7D49A3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[420,666,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hippuriphila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modeeri">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE67D88AFD7D49A3" box="[420,666,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hippuriphila modeeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.)];
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FD27D88AFC9049A3" author="Brisley, H. R." box="[740,887,654,681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref43968" refString="Brisley, H. R. (1925) Notes on the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Arizona. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 51 (2), 167 - 182" type="journal article" year="1925">Brisley 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FC40D88AFBCF49A3" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[899,1064,655,681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Adults have also been collected on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FF7ED8B6FE4D49C7" box="[189,426,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF7ED8B6FE4D49C7" box="[189,426,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Persicaria perfoliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) H. Gross,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD9DD8B6FCC149C7" box="[606,806,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acetosella">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD9DD8B6FCC149C7" box="[606,806,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rumex acetosella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FC4AD8B6FB4349C7" authority="Alph. Wood" authorityName="Alph. Wood" box="[905,1188,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissimus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FC4AD8B6FBFD49C7" box="[905,1050,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">R. altissimus</emphasis>
Alph.Wood
</taxonomicName>
(Riley &amp; Enns 1979;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FF54D8D2FE5649FB" author="Wheeler, A. G. &amp; Mengel, S. A." box="[151,433,727,753]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="197 - 202" refId="ref49004" refString="Wheeler, A. G. &amp; Mengel, S. A. (1984) Phytophagous insect fauna of Polygonum perfoliatum, an Asiatic weed recently introduced to Pennsylvania. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 77 (2), 197 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 77.2.197" type="journal article" year="1984">Wheeler &amp; Mengel 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FE7ED8D2FDD849FB" author="Clark, S. M." box="[445,575,727,753]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref44640" refString="Clark, S. M. (2000) An annotated list of the leaf beetles of West Virginia (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae, Megalopodidae, Chrysomelidae exclusive of Bruchinae). Occasional Publications of the West Virginia Department of Agriculture, 1, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="2000">Clark 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF0FF87FF04D8FFFB5A48C3" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF04D8FFFEC0481E" bold="true" box="[199,295,762,788]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Biology.</emphasis>
The leaf mines (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF0FF87FE2ED8FEFD91481F" box="[493,630,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 8998" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-18@39.[151,1435,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 8998. Leaf mines of Alticini spp.; 89: Altica cf. lazulina on Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia; 90: Dibolia borealis on Plantago major; 91: D. chelones on Chelone glabra (larva producing squiggly frass); 92: same (two larvae producing central frass lines); 93: D. melampyri on Melampyrum lineare; 94: same; 95: D. cf. obscura on Penstemon griffinii; 96: same; 97: Mantura floridana on Persicaria virginiana; 98: M. floridana on Oxalis stricta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387906/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 9798</figureCitation>
) were described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FBCED8FEFB23481F" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[1037,1220,763,789]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref44993" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2014) New host records and other notes on North American leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 072.068.0302" type="journal article" year="2014">Eiseman (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, and the larva was distinguished from that of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE7CD91AFCF24833" authority="(Koch)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[447,789,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysanthemi">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE7CD91AFD594833" box="[447,702,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mantura chrysanthemi</emphasis>
(Koch)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FCFDD91AFC154833" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[830,1010,798,825]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">Eiseman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FC3ED91AFB784833" author="Brisley, H. R." box="[1021,1183,798,825]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref43968" refString="Brisley, H. R. (1925) Notes on the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Arizona. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 51 (2), 167 - 182" type="journal article" year="1925">Brisley (1925)</bibRefCitation>
reported that pupation is within the mine on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE44D946FD634857" box="[391,644,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hymenosepalus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE44D946FD634857" box="[391,644,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rumex hymenosepalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this appears to have been the case with our
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF0FF87FB5CD946FAA14857" box="[1183,1350,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
rearing from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FF16D962FEF9488B" box="[213,286,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF16D962FEF9488B" box="[213,286,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the mined leaves were placed in a container without soil on 11 May, and when CSE received them on 21 May there were
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF0FF87FEB0D98EFE3648AE" box="[371,465,907,933]" count="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">
three
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE71D98EFE3648AE" box="[434,465,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE71D98EFE3648AE" box="[434,465,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
floridana adults feeding on them externally, one of them teneral. In our other rearings of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FF75D9AAFEA448C3" box="[182,323,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF75D9AAFEA448C3" box="[182,323,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larvae have burrowed into soil to pupate as is typical for leaf-mining alticines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF0FF87FF04D9D6FEBA4FE3" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Through most of its range,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDCED9D6FD0548E7" box="[525,738,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FDCED9D6FD0548E7" box="[525,738,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mantura floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is evidently univoltine: adults overwinter; larvae are active between late March and mid-June; and adults emerge between early April and early July, becoming dormant soon thereafter. There appears to be a second generation in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF0FF87FCC0DE1EFC9C4F3F" box="[771,891,1051,1077]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
, where we found larvae feeding in late October and early
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FEC5DE3AFE584F53" box="[262,447,1086,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2015-11">November 2015</date>
, with an adult emerging on 1 December. Later in
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FC2CDE3AFB434F53" box="[1007,1188,1086,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2015-12">December 2015</date>
, we dug up a healthylooking patch of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE96DE66FE134F77" box="[341,500,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE96DE66FE134F77" box="[341,500,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and placed it in a small terrarium. A week later (31 December), nearly every leaflet had been mined, and there were quite a few
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD4DDE82FD174FAA" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[654,752,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD4DDE82FD174FAA" box="[654,752,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mantura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae both in the mines and wandering outside them, along with a few highly active adults. Likewise in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF0FF87FD4BDEAEFD2B4FCF" box="[648,716,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Texas</collectingRegion>
, larvae have been found in mid-March and from mid-November to late December.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF0FF87FF04DEF7FC6E4ECB" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF04DEF7FEB34E06" bold="true" box="[199,340,1266,1292]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
Three eulophids are recorded from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD3BDEF6FC2B4E07" box="[760,972,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD3BDEF6FC2B4E07" box="[760,972,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mantura floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FC1DDEF6FA7F4E07" authority="Crawford" authorityName="Crawford" box="[990,1432,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agromyzae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FC1DDEF6FAC74E06" box="[990,1312,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Neochrysocharis agromyzae</emphasis>
Crawford
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FF54DF12FE604E3B" authority="Howard" authorityName="Howard" box="[151,391,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diastatae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF54DF12FEC64E3B" box="[151,289,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">N. diastatae</emphasis>
Howard
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE05DF12FD2E4E3B" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[454,713,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minio">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE05DF12FD974E3A" box="[454,624,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pnigalio minio</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FD19DF12FC844E3B" author="Burks, B. D." box="[730,867,1303,1329]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="967 - 1021" refId="ref44060" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Family Eulophidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (eds). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1: Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 967 - 1021." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FCB2DF12FBF04E3B" author="Hansson, C." box="[881,1047,1302,1329]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref46141" refString="Hansson, C. (1995) Revision of the Nearctic species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26 (1), 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1995">Hansson 1995</bibRefCitation>
). The details of the
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FB3CDF12FA7B4E3A" box="[1279,1436,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agromyzae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FB3CDF12FA7B4E3A" box="[1279,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">N. agromyzae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
record (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FF2EDF3EFE954E5F" author="Burks, B. D." box="[237,370,1339,1365]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="967 - 1021" refId="ref44060" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Family Eulophidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (eds). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1: Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 967 - 1021." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
) are not available; it may refer to the same material from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FC39DF3EFB604E5F" box="[1018,1159,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FC39DF3EFB604E5F" box="[1018,1159,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that was identified as
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FA40DF3EFF194E73" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diastatae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FA40DF3EFF194E73" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">N. diastatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FEEADF5AFE384E73" author="Hansson, C." box="[297,479,1374,1401]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref46141" refString="Hansson, C. (1995) Revision of the Nearctic species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26 (1), 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1995">Hansson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. Adults of undetermined
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD39DF5AFC774E73" box="[762,912,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD39DF5AFCBD4E73" box="[762,858,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pnigalio</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
emerged from our
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FBAADF5AFAC14E73" box="[1129,1318,1374,1401]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2015-10-29">29 October 2015</date>
collection of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FF77DF86FEB54E97" box="[180,338,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF77DF86FEB54E97" box="[180,338,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis dillenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE2200, BMNH), our
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FDACDF87FD1C4E97" box="[623,763,1410,1437]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2016-04-05">5 April 2016</date>
collection of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FC51DF86FBB04E97" box="[914,1111,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatulus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FC51DF86FBB04E97" box="[914,1111,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rumex hastatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE2402, BMNH), and our
<date id="EC1411BDFFF0FF87FF54DFA2FEF84ECB" box="[151,287,1447,1473]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2016-06-06">6 June 2016</date>
collection of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FE7ADFA2FD7D4ECA" authorityName="H.Gross" authorityYear="1913" box="[441,666,1447,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE7ADFA2FD7D4ECA" box="[441,666,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Persicaria virginica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE2603, BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF0FF87FF04DFCEFB5B4D93" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF0FF87FF04DFCEFDDB4D03" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FF04DFCEFEF64EEF" bold="true" box="[199,273,1483,1509]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Notes.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF0FF87FEDADFCEFD494EEF" box="[281,686,1483,1509]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Michigan and Prince Edward Island</collectingRegion>
are new, though unsurprising, state and provincial records for this widespread beetle (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FEACDFEAFDD74D03" author="Riley, E. G. &amp; Clark, S. M. &amp; Seeno, T. N." box="[367,560,1519,1545]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref47909" refString="Riley, E. G., Clark, S. M. &amp; Seeno, T. N. (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 1, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="2003">
Riley
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FE76DFEAFE014D03" box="[437,486,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF0FF87FF04DC16FB5B4D93" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Although
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FEFBDC16FE334D27" baseAuthorityName="Eiseman" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[312,468,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDC8DC16FD724D27" box="[523,661,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oxalidaceae</taxonomicName>
are distantly related plant families, they are chemically similar; both contain oxalic acid, and some species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FDB4DC32FD244D5A" box="[631,707,1591,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FDB4DC32FD244D5A" box="[631,707,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rumex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FCC3DC32FCAE4D5B" box="[768,841,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FCC3DC32FCAE4D5B" box="[768,841,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taste sufficiently similar that they have been given similar common names (sorrel and wood sorrel, respectively). The leaf-mining fly
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FBEBDC5EFA7B4D7F" authority="Griffiths" authorityName="Griffiths" authorityYear="1982" box="[1064,1436,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudobicolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FBEBDC5EFAD14D7F" box="[1064,1334,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pegomya pseudobicolor</emphasis>
Griffiths
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FF5CDC7AFEA44D93" box="[159,323,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
) has likewise been reared from both
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FD22DC7AFCCD4D93" box="[737,810,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF0FF87FD22DC7AFCCD4D93" box="[737,810,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oxalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF0FF87FCA3DC7AFB5F4D93" authority="(Eiseman 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Eiseman" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[864,1208,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Polygonaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF0FF87FBC9DC7AFB574D93" author="Eiseman, C. S." box="[1034,1200,1663,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="25 - 50" refId="ref45087" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2018) New rearing records for muscoid leafminers (Diptera: Anthomyiidae, Scathophagidae) in the United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 120 (1), 25 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.120.1.25" type="journal article" year="2018">Eiseman 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
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<mods:title id="5B43CEAD580C83DAA3F448FD0DD34F29">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA6331638313079778A093E0E0B6388F">5306 Pelham Road, Durham, NC 27713, U. S. A. tracysfeldman @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5939 - 6810</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="57406266E9F2EF6988383626D5EC1799">
<mods:roleTerm id="839011EF2D5F1CDA5748186471A67D5C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1AFA7B7BEFE72BC00CB31FF2708139EB">Palmer, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F6AEC296B3980D89758C87A07DB0B507" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5496-9114</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7D1F35732E56CC7D974322F7B6347612">276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114 &amp; PBEE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U. S. A. Current address: P. O. Box 252, Blue River, OR 97413, U. S. A. mike. palmer @ okstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1452 - 2152 &amp; 276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FFB4656DF911A353D3EB60E7E8DA66F" type="email">ceiseman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="88347090124F3845511994A8B6CC0DAC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E3E6B72FF2901F66D332F674601DC738">
<mods:date id="0FA7A697B1834D5267B6A0290D38A25B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="884C0A138B4D83116EAB0871CDE4389D">2024-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BF8E44B34F1A647667511E6D017375C9">5549</mods:number>
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<treatment id="1003866BFFF4FF82FF54DFE2FC014BDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF4FF82FF54DFE2FC014BDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFF4FF82FF54DFE2FC014BDC" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF4FF83FF54DFE2FEA24D0A" box="[151,325,1510,1537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF4FF83FF54DFE2FEA24D0A" blockId="46.[151,383,1510,1574]" box="[151,325,1510,1537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="C35D8011FFF4FF83FF54DFE2FEA24D0A" bold="true" box="[151,325,1510,1537]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FF54DFE2FEA24D0A" box="[151,325,1510,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF54DFE2FEA24D0A" bold="true" box="[151,325,1510,1537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF54DFE2FEE34D0B" bold="true" box="[151,260,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Monoxia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF4FF83FF54DC09FE984D2C" box="[151,383,1548,1574]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF4FF83FF54DC09FE984D2C" blockId="46.[151,383,1510,1574]" box="[151,383,1548,1574]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF4FF83FF5CDC09FEA74D2C" box="[159,320,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURES 107117" captionStartId="45.[151,261,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 107117. Leaf mines and larvae of Monoxia spp.; 107: M. elegans on Atriplex canescens; 108: same (transmitted light); 109: M. inornata on Grindelia squarrosa; 110: same; 111: Monoxia sp. 1 on Atriplex hymenelytra (vacated); 112: same (with larva); 113: Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 114: same mine in transmitted light, showing larva at lower left; 115: externally feeding larva of Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 116: Monoxia sp. 3 on Isocoma acradenia; 117: same (transmitted light)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387918/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 111112</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF4FF83FE8FDC09FE904D2C" box="[332,375,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURES 162173" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,275,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-24@52.[151,1435,271,1600]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 162173. Chrysomeloidea adults; 162: Dibolia cf. obscura; 163: Mantura floridana; 164: Phyllotreta liebecki; 165: Phyllotreta sp. 2; 166: Monoxia elegans; 167: M. inornata; 168: Monoxia sp. 1; 169: Monoxia sp. 2; 170: Monoxia sp. 3; 171: Yingabruxia brisleyi; 172: Zeugophora puberula; 173: Z. varians." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387940/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">168</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF4FF83FF54DC53FD004D9C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF4FF83FF54DC53FD004D9C" blockId="46.[151,1437,1622,2023]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF54DC53FE744D7A" bold="true" box="[151,403,1622,1648]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Collected specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF4FF83FE5CDC52FD044D9C" collectingDate="2017-03-07" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Imperial Co." location="Shell Canyon Rd." municipality="Ocotillo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="CSE3170" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-adult="9" stateProvince="California">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF4FF83FE5CDC52FDAA4D7B" box="[415,589,1623,1649]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF4FF83FD9FDC52FD164D7B" box="[604,753,1623,1649]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Imperial Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF4FF83FCC2DC52FC874D7B" box="[769,864,1623,1649]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ocotillo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF4FF83FCB3DC52FBA44D7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF4FF82FF54DFE2FC014BDC:9D7561A6FFF4FF83FCB3DC52FBA44D7B" box="[880,1091,1623,1649]" county="Imperial Co." municipality="Ocotillo" name="Shell Canyon Rd." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="California">Shell Canyon Rd.</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF4FF83FB90DC52FB264D7B" box="[1107,1217,1623,1649]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2017-03-07">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF4FF83FB90DC52FB264D7B" box="[1107,1217,1623,1649]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2017-03-07">7.iii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF4FF83FB12DC52FA974D7B" box="[1233,1392,1623,1649]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFF4FF83FA43DC52FE654D9C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FF54DC79FE654D9C" box="[151,386,1660,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hymenelytra">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF54DC79FE654D9C" box="[151,386,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atriplex hymenelytra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF4FF83FE5CDC79FDED4D9C" box="[415,522,1660,1686]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">CSE3170</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF4FF83FDD9DC79FD924D9C" box="[538,629,1660,1686]" count="9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="adult">9 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF4FF83FD43DC79FD3C4D9C" box="[640,731,1660,1686]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF4FF83FF04DCA4FE7C4C5B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF4FF83FF04DCA4FC9C4DB1" blockId="46.[151,1437,1622,2023]" box="[199,891,1697,1723]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF04DCA4FEE14DB1" bold="true" box="[199,262,1697,1723]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FECFDCA4FE584DB1" box="[268,447,1697,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FE0ADCA4FC9C4DB1" authority="(Torr.) S. Watson." authorityName="S. Watson." baseAuthorityName="Torr." box="[457,891,1697,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hymenelytra">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FE0ADCA4FD534DB1" box="[457,692,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atriplex hymenelytra</emphasis>
(Torr.) S.Watson.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF4FF83FF04DCC3FE7C4C5B" blockId="46.[151,1437,1622,2023]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF04DCC3FEC04DEA" bold="true" box="[199,295,1734,1760]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Biology.</emphasis>
These specimens included mating pairs and were found in association with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FBB5DCC2FB3D4DEA" box="[1142,1242,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FBB5DCC2FB3D4DEA" box="[1142,1242,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Monoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf mines, some of which contained larvae, but unfortunately none were reared. The mines were irregular, full-depth blotches with frass in a few small clumps (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF4FF83FE16DD14FD9F4C21" box="[469,632,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 107117" captionStartId="45.[151,261,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 107117. Leaf mines and larvae of Monoxia spp.; 107: M. elegans on Atriplex canescens; 108: same (transmitted light); 109: M. inornata on Grindelia squarrosa; 110: same; 111: Monoxia sp. 1 on Atriplex hymenelytra (vacated); 112: same (with larva); 113: Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 114: same mine in transmitted light, showing larva at lower left; 115: externally feeding larva of Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 116: Monoxia sp. 3 on Isocoma acradenia; 117: same (transmitted light)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387918/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 111112</figureCitation>
). The entrance and exit holes were on the upper leaf surface as noted for other
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FF1BDD32FE7C4C5B" box="[216,411,1847,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF1BDD32FEDB4C5A" box="[216,316,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Monoxia</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF4FF82FF04DD59FC014BDC" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF4FF82FF04DD59FC014BDC" blockId="46.[151,1437,1622,2023]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1437,151,215]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF04DD59FEF64C7C" bold="true" box="[199,273,1884,1910]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Notes.</emphasis>
As noted under
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FE00DD58FDDA4C7C" box="[451,573,1884,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FE00DD58FDDA4C7C" box="[451,573,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">M. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nine species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FD31DD58FCB14C7C" box="[754,854,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FD31DD58FCB14C7C" box="[754,854,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Monoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FC4BDD59FBF74C7C" box="[904,1040,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Yingabruxia</emphasis>
have been associated with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FAF8DD59FA724C7C" box="[1339,1429,1884,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FAF8DD59FA724C7C" box="[1339,1429,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atriplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this is the first record from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FE34DD87FD464C91" box="[503,673,1921,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hymenelytra">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FE34DD87FD464C91" box="[503,673,1921,1948]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A. hymenelytra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specifically. According to S.M. Clark (
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FB9FDD87FB474C91" box="[1116,1184,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">in litt.</emphasis>
), our beetles might be
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FF54DDA2FE934CCB" authority="Blake" authorityName="Blake" box="[151,372,1959,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Megalopodidae" genus="Zeugophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puberula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FF54DDA2FEC24CCB" box="[151,293,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">M. puberula</emphasis>
Blake
</taxonomicName>
, but there are several extremely similar species and identification is difficult. Adults of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FABDDDA2FF1B4CEC" class="Insecta" family="Megalopodidae" genus="Zeugophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puberula">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FABDDDA2FF1B4CEC" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">M. puberula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been associated primarily with species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FCE0DDC9FC074CED" authority="Lag." authorityName="Lag." box="[803,992,1996,2023]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gutierrezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FCE0DDC9FC444CEC" box="[803,931,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Gutierrezia</emphasis>
Lag.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF4FF83FC33DDC9FB884CEC" box="[1008,1135,1996,2022]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF4FF83FB45DDC9FAEA4CEC" author="Blake, D. H." box="[1158,1293,1996,2022]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="145 - 171" refId="ref43854" refString="Blake, D. H. (1939) A study of Leconte's types of the beetles in the genus Monoxia, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 87 (3072), 145 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.87 - 3072.145" type="journal article" year="1939">Blake 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF4FF82FAD8DDC9FF344BBB" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF4FF83FAA1DDC8FA7A4CEC" box="[1378,1437,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
), but the only larval host record we have seen is that of
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF5FF82FCFADA92FBCD4BBB" author="Santiago-Blay, J. A." box="[825,1066,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref48092" refString="Santiago-Blay, J. A. (2004) Leaf-mining chrysomelids. In: Jolivet, P., Santiago-Blay, J. A. &amp; Schmitt, M. New Developments in the Biology of Chrysomelidae. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475335 _ 030" type="book chapter" year="2004">Santiago-Blay (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FBAEDA92FE944BDC" authority="(Torr. &amp; Frem.) S. Watson" authorityName="S. Watson" baseAuthorityName="Torr. &amp; Frem." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertifolia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FBAEDA92FAB04BBB" box="[1133,1367,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Atriplex confertifolia</emphasis>
(Torr. &amp; Frém.) S.Watson
</taxonomicName>
, so this tentative identification seems entirely plausible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="C62B49B8E1E44D573B1DD72E726B21FB">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="551432E383EE010D5DFB82A7B5100EBA">276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, U. S. A. ceiseman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5496 - 9114</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A697F9F8D20A9A65D0A651CC73EF102E">Feldman, Tracy S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8661E12FA7D10FAE614B5B0EBE38A84E">5306 Pelham Road, Durham, NC 27713, U. S. A. tracysfeldman @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5939 - 6810</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF5FF82FF54DB2DFEA24A48" box="[151,325,296,322]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF54DB2DFEA24A48" blockId="47.[151,384,296,359]" box="[151,325,296,322]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="C35D8011FFF5FF82FF54DB2DFEA24A48" bold="true" box="[151,325,296,322]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FF54DB2DFEA24A48" box="[151,325,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF54DB2DFEA24A48" bold="true" box="[151,325,296,322]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF54DB2DFEE34A48" bold="true" box="[151,260,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia</emphasis>
sp. 2
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF54DB49FE674A6C" blockId="47.[151,384,296,359]" box="[151,384,332,359]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF5FF82FF5CDB49FEA54A6D" box="[159,322,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 107117" captionStartId="45.[151,261,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 107117. Leaf mines and larvae of Monoxia spp.; 107: M. elegans on Atriplex canescens; 108: same (transmitted light); 109: M. inornata on Grindelia squarrosa; 110: same; 111: Monoxia sp. 1 on Atriplex hymenelytra (vacated); 112: same (with larva); 113: Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 114: same mine in transmitted light, showing larva at lower left; 115: externally feeding larva of Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 116: Monoxia sp. 3 on Isocoma acradenia; 117: same (transmitted light)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387918/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 113115</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF5FF82FE8EDB49FE9F4A6C" box="[333,376,332,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 162173" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,275,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-24@52.[151,1435,271,1600]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 162173. Chrysomeloidea adults; 162: Dibolia cf. obscura; 163: Mantura floridana; 164: Phyllotreta liebecki; 165: Phyllotreta sp. 2; 166: Monoxia elegans; 167: M. inornata; 168: Monoxia sp. 1; 169: Monoxia sp. 2; 170: Monoxia sp. 3; 171: Yingabruxia brisleyi; 172: Zeugophora puberula; 173: Z. varians." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387940/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">169</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF5FF82FF54DB91FB624910" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF54DB91FC3C4AD8" blockId="47.[151,1437,404,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF54DB91FE9A4AA4" bold="true" box="[151,381,404,430]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF5FF82FE48DB91FC304AD8" collectingDate="2015-07-12" collectingDateMax="2015-07-29" collectingDateMin="2015-07-12" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Pitkin Co." location="Avalanche Creek" municipality="Redstone" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="CSE1894" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Colorado">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF5FF82FE48DB91FDCC4AA4" box="[395,555,404,430]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">COLORADO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF5FF82FDFEDB91FD5F4AA4" box="[573,696,404,430]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pitkin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF5FF82FD08DB91FCD14AA4" box="[715,822,404,430]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Redstone</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF5FF82FC84DB91FBF64AA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF5FF82FF54DB2DFBB64F74:9D7561A6FFF5FF82FC84DB91FBF64AA4" box="[839,1041,404,430]" county="Pitkin Co." municipality="Redstone" name="Avalanche Creek" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Colorado">Avalanche Creek</location>
, near Rte. 133,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF5FF82FB1DDB91FA874AA5" box="[1246,1376,404,431]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-12">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF5FF82FB1DDB91FA874AA5" box="[1246,1376,404,431]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-12">12.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF5FF82FF54DBBDFEFE4AD9" box="[151,281,440,467]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-29">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF5FF82FF54DBBDFEFE4AD9" box="[151,281,440,467]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-29">29.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF5FF82FEE6DBBDFE584AD8" box="[293,447,440,466]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FE2FDBBDFD4B4AD8" box="[492,684,440,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Herrickia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FE2FDBBDFD4B4AD8" box="[492,684,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Herrickia glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF5FF82FD0BDBBDFCD44AD8" box="[712,819,440,466]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CSE1894</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF5FF82FC85DBBDFC804AD8" box="[838,871,440,466]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF5FF82FCB6DBBDFC374AD8" box="[885,976,440,466]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF04DBD9FB624910" blockId="47.[151,1437,404,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF04DBD9FE234AFC" bold="true" box="[199,452,476,502]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Collected specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF5FF82FE12DBD9FB654910" collectingDate="2015-07-12" collectingDateMax="2015-07-22" collectingDateMin="2015-07-12" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Pitkin Co." location="Avalanche Creek" municipality="Redstone" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="CSE1756" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5" stateProvince="Colorado">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF5FF82FE12DBD9FD964AFC" box="[465,625,476,502]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">COLORADO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF5FF82FD42DBD9FD1C4AFC" box="[641,763,476,502]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pitkin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF5FF82FCCEDBD9FC9F4AFC" box="[781,888,476,502]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Redstone</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF5FF82FC44DBD9FBA84AFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF5FF82FF54DB2DFBB64F74:9D7561A6FFF5FF82FC44DBD9FBA84AFC" box="[903,1103,476,502]" county="Pitkin Co." municipality="Redstone" name="Avalanche Creek" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Colorado">Avalanche Creek</location>
, near Rte. 133,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF5FF82FAD5DBD9FA704AFD" box="[1302,1431,476,503]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-12">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF5FF82FAD5DBD9FA704AFD" box="[1302,1431,476,503]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-12">12.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, preserved
<date id="EC1411BDFFF5FF82FEC8D805FE6A4911" box="[267,397,512,539]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-22">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF5FF82FEC8D805FE6A4911" box="[267,397,512,539]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2015-07-22">22.vii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF5FF82FE5AD805FDD44910" box="[409,563,512,538]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FDA3D805FCC74910" box="[608,800,512,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Herrickia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FDA3D805FCC74910" box="[608,800,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Herrickia glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF5FF82FCFFD805FC404911" box="[828,935,512,539]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CSE1756</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF5FF82FC74D805FBF44910" box="[951,1043,512,539]" count="5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF5FF82FBDCD805FB9D4910" box="[1055,1146,512,538]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF5FF82FF04D821FB7B481C" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF04D821FCCA4935" blockId="47.[151,1437,404,1151]" box="[199,813,548,575]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF04D821FEE14934" bold="true" box="[199,262,548,574]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FECFD821FE6C4934" box="[268,395,548,574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FE56D821FCCA4935" authority="(Nutt.) G. L. Nesom." authorityName="G. L. Nesom." baseAuthorityName="Nutt." box="[405,813,548,575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eurybia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FE56D821FDA54934" box="[405,578,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eurybia glauca</emphasis>
(Nutt.) G.L. Nesom.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF04D84DFB7B481C" blockId="47.[151,1437,404,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF04D84DFEC04968" bold="true" box="[199,295,584,610]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biology.</emphasis>
The single leaf mine we photographed begins at a lump of frass on the upper leaf surface, a few millimeters from the apex. The mine is full-depth, occupying the full width of the leaf, with just a few scattered fecal pellets inside (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF5FF82FEB7D895FDF049A0" box="[372,535,656,682]" captionStart="FIGURES 107117" captionStartId="45.[151,261,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 107117. Leaf mines and larvae of Monoxia spp.; 107: M. elegans on Atriplex canescens; 108: same (transmitted light); 109: M. inornata on Grindelia squarrosa; 110: same; 111: Monoxia sp. 1 on Atriplex hymenelytra (vacated); 112: same (with larva); 113: Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 114: same mine in transmitted light, showing larva at lower left; 115: externally feeding larva of Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 116: Monoxia sp. 3 on Isocoma acradenia; 117: same (transmitted light)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387918/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 113114</figureCitation>
). We collected numerous similar mines on 12 July, each containing a single larva. By the next day, several had exited their mines and were feeding externally, mostly leaving the opposite epidermis intact but occasionally eating holes all the way through (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF5FF82FCCBD8DDFC8F49F9" box="[776,872,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 107117" captionStartId="45.[151,261,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 107117. Leaf mines and larvae of Monoxia spp.; 107: M. elegans on Atriplex canescens; 108: same (transmitted light); 109: M. inornata on Grindelia squarrosa; 110: same; 111: Monoxia sp. 1 on Atriplex hymenelytra (vacated); 112: same (with larva); 113: Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 114: same mine in transmitted light, showing larva at lower left; 115: externally feeding larva of Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 116: Monoxia sp. 3 on Isocoma acradenia; 117: same (transmitted light)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387918/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 115</figureCitation>
). Before long, all of the larvae had exited and were feeding in this manner.
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF5FF82FE5CD8F9FDEB481C" box="[415,524,764,790]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="larva">One larva</specimenCount>
pupated on 20 July, and the adult emerged nine days later.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF5FF82FF04D925FBB64F74" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF04D925FBB64F74" blockId="47.[151,1437,404,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF04D925FEF64830" bold="true" box="[199,273,800,826]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Notes.</emphasis>
This species is likely undescribed, but male genitalia are important for diagnosing species of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FAFAD924FA7A4830" box="[1337,1437,801,826]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FAFAD924FA7A4830" box="[1337,1437,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(S.M. Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FEE6D940FE854854" box="[293,354,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">in litt</emphasis>
.). No leaf-mining insect has previously been reported from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FBCFD941FB814854" box="[1036,1126,836,862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eurybia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FBCFD941FB814854" box="[1036,1126,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eurybia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FB6BD941FDF44888" authority="(Wooton &amp; Standl.) G. L. Nesom. Abandoning" authorityName="G. L. Nesom. Abandoning" baseAuthorityName="Wooton &amp; Standl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Herrickia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FB6BD941FAF24854" box="[1192,1301,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Herrickia</emphasis>
(Wooton &amp; Standl.) G.L.Nesom. Abandoning
</taxonomicName>
leaf mines to feed externally is almost unheard of among Nearctic leaf-mining beetles, and the only exceptions of which we are aware are
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FCE9D989FC1648AC" box="[810,1009,908,934]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lazulina">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FCE9D989FC8A48AC" box="[810,877,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Altica</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FC54D989FC1648AC" box="[919,1009,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">lazulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(discussed above) and two introduced species that are said to do so in Europe:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FD88D9B5FC0248C0" authority="(Duftschmid)" baseAuthorityName="Duftschmid" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[587,997,944,970]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neogalerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FD88D9B5FCAE48C0" box="[587,841,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neogalerucella pusilla</emphasis>
(Duftschmid)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FC30D9B5FB4448C0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1011,1187,944,970]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
), on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FB16D9B5FA7A48C0" box="[1237,1437,944,970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicaria">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FB16D9B5FA7A48C0" box="[1237,1437,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lythrum salicaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FF7DD9D1FED848E4" box="[190,319,980,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FE40D9D0FD5448E4" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[387,691,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumicis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FE40D9D0FDD548E4" box="[387,562,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hypera rumicis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FD01D9D1FC8048E4" box="[706,871,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
), on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FC5ED9D1FB2E48E4" authority="(Ellis 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Ellis" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[925,1225,980,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Polygonaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF5FF82FB8BD9D1FB2548E4" author="Ellis, W. N." box="[1096,1218,980,1006]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref45229" refString="Ellis, W. N. (2017) Leafminers and plant galls of Europe. https: // bladmineerders. nl (accessed 9 February 2017)." type="url" year="2017">Ellis 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Larvae of another galerucine,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FEDDD9FDFD744F18" authority="(LeConte)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[286,659,1016,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Erynephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FEDDD9FDFDF54F18" box="[286,530,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Erynephala maritima</emphasis>
(LeConte)
</taxonomicName>
, mine in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FCC7D9FDFC9E4F18" box="[772,889,1016,1042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salicornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FCC7D9FDFC9E4F18" box="[772,889,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Salicornia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FC6DD9FDFB874F18" box="[942,1120,1016,1042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
) stems in early instars and switch to feeding externally as they grow larger (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF5FF82FD0DDE19FC394F3C" author="Eiseman, C. S. &amp; Blyth, J. A." box="[718,990,1052,1078]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="202 - 224" refId="ref45177" refString="Eiseman, C. S. &amp; Blyth, J. A. (2022) Nantucket's neglected herbivores I: Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 124 (2), 202 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.124.2.202" type="journal article" year="2022">Eiseman &amp; Blyth 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The only previous report of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FAFADE18FA7A4F3C" box="[1337,1437,1053,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FAFADE18FA7A4F3C" box="[1337,1437,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae feeding in a mode other than leafmining is
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF5FF82FD16DE45FC3C4F50" author="Santiago-Blay, J. A." box="[725,987,1088,1114]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref48092" refString="Santiago-Blay, J. A. (2004) Leaf-mining chrysomelids. In: Jolivet, P., Santiago-Blay, J. A. &amp; Schmitt, M. New Developments in the Biology of Chrysomelidae. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475335 _ 030" type="book chapter" year="2004">Santiago-Blays (2004)</bibRefCitation>
statement that “some of the chenopodfeeding
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FF31DE60FEB14F74" box="[242,342,1125,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF31DE60FEB14F74" box="[242,342,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae seem to bore and live in the unopened flower buds or fruits.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
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<heading id="C35D8011FFF5FF82FF54DED5FEA24FE0" bold="true" box="[151,325,1232,1258]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF54DED5FEE34FE0" bold="true" box="[151,260,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia</emphasis>
sp. 3
</emphasis>
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(
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,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF5FF82FE8EDEF1FE9F4E04" box="[333,376,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIGURES 162173" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,275,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-24@52.[151,1435,271,1600]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 162173. Chrysomeloidea adults; 162: Dibolia cf. obscura; 163: Mantura floridana; 164: Phyllotreta liebecki; 165: Phyllotreta sp. 2; 166: Monoxia elegans; 167: M. inornata; 168: Monoxia sp. 1; 169: Monoxia sp. 2; 170: Monoxia sp. 3; 171: Yingabruxia brisleyi; 172: Zeugophora puberula; 173: Z. varians." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387940/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">170</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF54DF39FE6D4E5C" bold="true" box="[151,394,1340,1366]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Collected specimen.</emphasis>
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:
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,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF5FF82FC10DF39FBA94E5C" box="[979,1102,1340,1366]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2017-03-11">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF5FF82FC10DF39FBA94E5C" box="[979,1102,1340,1366]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2017-03-11">11.iii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF5FF82FBA2DF39FAE64E5C" box="[1121,1281,1340,1366]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFF5FF82FAD7DF38FEEE4E70" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FAFEDF38FEEE4E70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acradenia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FAFEDF38FEEE4E70" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isocoma acradenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF5FF82FEE6DF65FE774E70" box="[293,400,1376,1402]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CSE3274</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF5FF82FE61DF65FE174E70" box="[418,496,1376,1402]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF5FF82FE38DF65FDB14E70" box="[507,598,1376,1402]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF5FF82FF04DF81FEB14D58" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF04DF81FCD04E94" blockId="47.[151,1437,1340,1906]" box="[199,823,1412,1438]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF04DF81FEE14E94" bold="true" box="[199,262,1412,1438]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FECFDF81FE6C4E94" box="[268,395,1412,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FE56DF80FCD04E94" authority="(Greene) Greene." authorityName="Greene." baseAuthorityName="Greene" box="[405,823,1412,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acradenia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FE56DF80FD8A4E94" box="[405,621,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isocoma acradenia</emphasis>
(Greene) Greene.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF04DFADFEB14D58" blockId="47.[151,1437,1340,1906]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF04DFADFEC04EC8" bold="true" box="[199,295,1448,1474]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biology.</emphasis>
A single adult was found on an
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FD59DFACFC934EC8" box="[666,884,1448,1474]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acradenia">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FD59DFACFC934EC8" box="[666,884,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isocoma acradenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plant with empty leaf mines that were generally consistent with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FE85DFC8FE4D4EEC" box="[326,426,1485,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FE85DFC8FE4D4EEC" box="[326,426,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mines we have found on other hosts (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF5FF82FC8EDFC9FC174EEC" box="[845,1008,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 107117" captionStartId="45.[151,261,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[151,1435,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 107117. Leaf mines and larvae of Monoxia spp.; 107: M. elegans on Atriplex canescens; 108: same (transmitted light); 109: M. inornata on Grindelia squarrosa; 110: same; 111: Monoxia sp. 1 on Atriplex hymenelytra (vacated); 112: same (with larva); 113: Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 114: same mine in transmitted light, showing larva at lower left; 115: externally feeding larva of Monoxia sp. 2 on Eurybia glauca; 116: Monoxia sp. 3 on Isocoma acradenia; 117: same (transmitted light)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387918/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 116117</figureCitation>
). Most were confined to the upper leaf surface, although one in a small, narrow leaf was full-depth. Each mine had an entry hole in the upper epidermis at its basal end, and a few round to elongate fecal pellets were scattered either within the mine or on the leaf surface outside this hole.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF5FF82FF04DC59FE224C78" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF5FF82FF04DC59FE224C78" blockId="47.[151,1437,1340,1906]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF04DC59FEF64D7C" bold="true" box="[199,273,1628,1654]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Notes.</emphasis>
S.M. Clark (
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FE66DC58FE0E4D7C" box="[421,489,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">in litt.</emphasis>
) suggested that this beetle might be
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FC46DC58FB624D7C" authority="Blake" authorityName="Blake" box="[901,1157,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beebei">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FC46DC58FBDE4D7C" box="[901,1081,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia beebei</emphasis>
Blake
</taxonomicName>
, a species with which he is not familiar; the specimen matches many (but not all) of the published characters.
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FB86DC84FB1F4D90" box="[1093,1272,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beebei">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FB86DC84FB1F4D90" box="[1093,1272,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia beebei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Santa Inez Island (
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF5FF82FE60DCA1FDB24DB4" box="[419,597,1700,1726]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Baja California</collectingRegion>
), where the vegetation was dominated by
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FBEADCA1FA894DB4" authority="Standl." authorityName="Standl." box="[1065,1390,1700,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="watsonii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FBEADCA1FAFF4DB4" box="[1065,1304,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amaranthus watsonii</emphasis>
Standl.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FF54DCCDFDDB4DE8" authority="(Benth.) D. Dietr." authorityName="D. Dietr." baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[151,572,1736,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barclayana">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF54DCCDFE904DE8" box="[151,375,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Atriplex barclayana</emphasis>
(Benth.) D.Dietr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FD89DCCDFD184DE8" box="[586,767,1736,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
), and it was presumed that one or both of these was the host plant (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF5FF82FF23DCE9FE8F4C0C" author="Blake, D. H." box="[224,360,1772,1798]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref43803" refString="Blake, D. H. (1937) The Templeton Crocker expedition. V. A new chrysomelid beetle of the genus Monoxia from lower California. Zoologica, 22 (5), 89 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184682" type="journal article" year="1937">Blake 1937</bibRefCitation>
). This is the first report of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FD63DCE8FD184C0C" box="[672,767,1773,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FD63DCE8FD184C0C" box="[672,767,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isocoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an apparent larval host of a
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FBA9DCE8FACC4C0C" box="[1130,1323,1772,1798]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FBA9DCE8FB294C0C" box="[1130,1230,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monoxia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, but three species have been caught as adults on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FD95DD14FD524C20" box="[598,693,1809,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FD95DD14FD524C20" box="[598,693,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isocoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FD05DD14FC764C20" authority="Blake" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1939" box="[710,913,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FD05DD14FCA04C20" box="[710,839,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. apicalis</emphasis>
Blake
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FC02DD14FA7F4C21" authority="(Hook. &amp; Arn.) G. L. Nesom" authorityName="G. L. Nesom" baseAuthorityName="Hook. &amp; Arn." box="[961,1432,1808,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FC02DD14FBA44C20" box="[961,1091,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">I. menziesii</emphasis>
(Hook. &amp; Arn.) G.L. Nesom
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FF54DD30FE774C44" authority="Blake" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,400,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schizonycha">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FF54DD30FEA04C44" box="[151,327,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. schizonycha</emphasis>
Blake
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FE7EDD30FC134C45" authority="(Nutt.) G. L. Nesom" authorityName="G. L. Nesom" baseAuthorityName="Nutt." box="[445,1012,1844,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="menziesii" variety="vernonioides">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FE7EDD30FDD94C44" box="[445,574,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">I. menziesii</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FDBBDD31FCEE4C44" box="[632,777,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">vernonioides</emphasis>
(Nutt.) G.L. Nesom
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FBF2DD30FB4A4C44" box="[1073,1197,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FBF2DD30FB4A4C44" box="[1073,1197,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF5FF82FB1ADD30FE264C78" authority="(Kunth) Greene (Clark et al. 2004)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Isocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="veneta">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FB1ADD30FADC4C44" box="[1241,1339,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">I. veneta</emphasis>
(Kunth) Greene (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF5FF82FF34DD5DFE5D4C78" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[247,442,1880,1906]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF5FF82FEFDDD5CFE914C78" box="[318,374,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
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<mods:identifier id="10B1942B3D9FA0B78F2ABFB58C610B59" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1003866BFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFC36488B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFC36488B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866BFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFC36488B" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF6FF81FF54DB4FFEB94A6E" box="[151,350,330,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFEB94A6E" blockId="44.[151,386,330,393]" box="[151,350,330,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="C35D8011FFF6FF81FF54DB4FFEB94A6E" bold="true" box="[151,350,330,357]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFEB94A6E" box="[151,350,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFEB94A6E" bold="true" box="[151,350,330,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFEFA4A6F" bold="true" box="[151,285,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phyllotreta</emphasis>
sp. 2
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF6FF81FF54DB6AFC174AFF" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF6FF81FF54DB6AFE654A83" blockId="44.[151,386,330,393]" box="[151,386,366,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF6FF81FF5CDB6AFEEC4A83" box="[159,267,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 99102" captionStartId="43.[151,264,806,830]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@43.[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 99102. Leaf mines of Phyllotreta spp.; 99: P. liebecki on Cardamine impatiens; 100: same; 101: Phyllotreta sp. 1 on Lepidium oblongum; 102: Phyllotreta sp. 2 on Lepidium virginicum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387912/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 102</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF6FF81FED4DB6AFEA44A83" box="[279,323,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 103106" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,921,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-266@44.[151,1435,921,1619]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 103106. Larvae of Alticini spp.; 103: late instar of Altica cf. lazulina, feeding externally on Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia; 104: Dibolia cf. obscura; 105: Phyllotreta liebecki; 106: Phyllotreta sp. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387916/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">106</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF6FF81FE8CDB6BFE9D4A83" box="[335,378,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 162173" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,275,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-24@52.[151,1435,271,1600]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 162173. Chrysomeloidea adults; 162: Dibolia cf. obscura; 163: Mantura floridana; 164: Phyllotreta liebecki; 165: Phyllotreta sp. 2; 166: Monoxia elegans; 167: M. inornata; 168: Monoxia sp. 1; 169: Monoxia sp. 2; 170: Monoxia sp. 3; 171: Yingabruxia brisleyi; 172: Zeugophora puberula; 173: Z. varians." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387940/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">165</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF6FF81FF54DBB2FC174AFF" blockId="44.[151,1437,438,897]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF54DBB2FE974ADA" bold="true" box="[151,368,438,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Reared specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFF6FF81FEBFDBB2FC0B4AFF" collectingDate="2016-04-26" collectingDateMax="2016-05-23" collectingDateMin="2016-04-26" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Feldman" county="Scotland Co." location="St. Andrews University" municipality="Laurinburg" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="CSE2490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFF6FF81FEBFDBB2FD9B4ADB" box="[380,636,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFF6FF81FD4FDBB2FCC24ADB" box="[652,805,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Scotland Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFF6FF81FCF5DBB2FC514ADB" box="[822,950,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Laurinburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFF6FF81FC04DBB2FB3E4ADB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFF6FF81FF54DB4FFC36488B:9D7561A6FFF6FF81FC04DBB2FB3E4ADB" box="[967,1241,439,465]" county="Scotland Co." municipality="Laurinburg" name="St. Andrews University" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="North Carolina">St. Andrews University</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFF6FF81FB29DBB2FA854ADB" box="[1258,1378,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-04-26">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF6FF81FB29DBB2FA854ADB" box="[1258,1378,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-04-26">26.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFF6FF81FF54DBDEFEEF4AFF" box="[151,264,475,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-05-23">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFF6FF81FF54DBDEFEEF4AFF" box="[151,264,475,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-05-23">23.v.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF6FF81FED0DBDEFECF4AFF" box="[275,296,475,501]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFF6FF81FEE8DBDEFE4C4AFF" box="[299,427,475,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. Feldman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FE1BDBDEFD264AFE" box="[472,705,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginicum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FE1BDBDEFD264AFE" box="[472,705,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium virginicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFF6FF81FD1EDBDEFCAF4AFF" box="[733,840,475,501]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CSE2490</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFF6FF81FC98DBDEFC9B4AFF" box="[859,892,475,501]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFF6FF81FC49DBDEFC024AFF" box="[906,997,475,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF6FF81FF04DBFAFC48481F" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF6FF81FF04DBFAFD524913" blockId="44.[151,1437,438,897]" box="[199,693,511,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF04DBFAFEE14913" bold="true" box="[199,262,511,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FECEDBFAFE454913" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[269,418,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FE6EDBFAFD724912" box="[429,661,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginicum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FE6EDBFAFD724912" box="[429,661,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium virginicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF6FF81FF04D827FCB8498F" blockId="44.[151,1437,438,897]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF04D827FEC04936" bold="true" box="[199,295,546,572]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Biology.</emphasis>
As with
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FE4FD826FDA24937" box="[396,581,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FE4FD826FDEE4937" box="[396,521,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phyllotreta</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
, the larva was seemingly identical with that of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FB99D826FAF94937" authorityName="Eiseman" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" box="[1114,1310,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Planodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chalybeipennis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FB99D826FAF94937" box="[1114,1310,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. chalybeipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF6FF81FAEED826FA774937" box="[1325,1424,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 103106" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,921,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-266@44.[151,1435,921,1619]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 103106. Larvae of Alticini spp.; 103: late instar of Altica cf. lazulina, feeding externally on Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia; 104: Dibolia cf. obscura; 105: Phyllotreta liebecki; 106: Phyllotreta sp. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387916/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
). It formed a full-depth, linear mine, tending to follow the lateral veins, with frass deposited in a mostly liquid central line, interspersed with irregular, more solid particles (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFF6FF81FD33D86EFCB5498F" box="[752,850,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 99102" captionStartId="43.[151,264,806,830]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetId="figure-18@43.[151,1435,181,781]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 99102. Leaf mines of Phyllotreta spp.; 99: P. liebecki on Cardamine impatiens; 100: same; 101: Phyllotreta sp. 1 on Lepidium oblongum; 102: Phyllotreta sp. 2 on Lepidium virginicum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387912/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF6FF81FF04D88BFC48481F" blockId="44.[151,1437,438,897]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF04D88BFEB349A2" bold="true" box="[199,340,654,680]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
An adult of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FE26D88AFC5749A3" authority="(Crawford)" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[485,944,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FE26D88AFCCC49A2" box="[485,811,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Neochrysocharis arizonensis</emphasis>
(Crawford)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FC03D88AFBA449A3" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[960,1091,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) (CSE2477, BMNH) emerged on 21 May from an aborted mine in the same leaf from which the adult beetle was reared. Two eulophids have been reported from Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FE61D8D2FDB149FB" box="[418,598,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FE61D8D2FDF849FB" box="[418,543,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phyllotreta</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
previously:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FD27D8D2FC1B49FB" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" box="[740,1020,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FD27D8D2FC8A49FB" box="[740,877,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">N. formosus</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FB87D8D2FA7049FB" authority="(Hansson 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Hansson" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1092,1431,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneicollis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FB87D8D2FB3E49FB" box="[1092,1241,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. aeneicollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF6FF81FB2AD8D2FA6849FB" author="Hansson, C." box="[1257,1423,726,753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref46141" refString="Hansson, C. (1995) Revision of the Nearctic species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26 (1), 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1995">Hansson 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FF04D8FEFDFD481F" authority="(Riley)" baseAuthorityName="Riley" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[199,538,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllotretae">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF04D8FEFE23481F" box="[199,452,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pediobius phyllotretae</emphasis>
(Riley)
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FD9CD8FEFC4C481F" authority="(Riley 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Riley" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[607,939,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zimmermanni">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FD9CD8FEFCF5481E" box="[607,786,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. zimmermanni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFF6FF81FCE2D8FEFC44481F" author="Riley, C. V." box="[801,931,763,789]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="285 - 418" refId="ref47832" refString="Riley, C. V. (1884) Report of the Entomologist. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture, 1884, 285 - 418." type="journal article" year="1884">Riley 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFF6FF81FF04D91AFC36488B" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFF6FF81FF04D91AFC36488B" blockId="44.[151,1437,438,897]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FF04D91AFEF64833" bold="true" box="[199,273,799,825]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Notes.</emphasis>
Identification of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FE1AD91AFDB14833" authorityName="Chevrolat in Dejean" authorityYear="1836" box="[473,598,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FE1AD91AFDB14833" box="[473,598,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phyllotreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females is extremely difficult because most diagnostic features deal with either the male antennae or the aedeagus (S.M. Clark,
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FCCDD946FCB34857" box="[782,852,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">in litt.</emphasis>
). The situation is made worse by the fact that this female belongs to one of the entirely black species (see
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFF6FF81FCCBD962FC27488B" box="[776,960,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Phyllotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFF6FF81FCCBD962FC62488B" box="[776,901,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phyllotreta</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="1A4E7BC3CC950FD175BCCB107DA34CE9">New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65F3A0562BBD2B9DE31834CBDA562EE2">Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFDCDDA92FD8C4BBB" box="[526,619,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Alticini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alticini</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFFCFF8BFF54DADAFE774A17" blockId="38.[151,1436,223,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">All leafminers in this group burrow into soil to pupate. In the species studied, there is no larval or pupal diapause, and adults overwinter.</paragraph>
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View file

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Chevrolat
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<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFFCFF8BFECADE3AFED34F50" box="[265,308,1087,1114]" captionStart="FIGURES 142161" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,185,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@51.[151,1435,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 142161. Chrysomelidae adults; 142: Octotoma marginicollis; 143: O. plicatula; 144: Odontota dorsalis; 145: O. floridana; 146: O. horni; 147: O. scapularis; 148: Stenopodius cf. lateralis; 149: Sumitrosis ancoroides (reared from Stylosanthes biflora); 150: S. ancoroides (reared from Strophostyles helvola); 151: S. inaequalis; 152: S. pallescens; 153: S. rosea (reared from Hylodesmum glutinosum); 154: S. rosea (reared from Laportea canadensis); 155: S. rosea (another individual reared from same collection of L. canadensis leaves); 156: S. rosea (reared from Celastrus orbiculatus); 157: Oulema palustris; 158: Altica cf. lazulina; 159: Dibolia borealis; 160: D. chelones; 161: D. melampyri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387934/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">159</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFF54DE82FE9B4FAB" bold="true" box="[151,380,1159,1185]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
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<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFCFF8BFAB1DE82FEF74FCF" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2016-04-22" valueMax="2016-04-24" valueMin="2016-04-22">22 24.iv.2016</collectingDate>
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<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFCFF8BFEDFDEA9FE544FCF" box="[284,435,1195,1222]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
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<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFE22DEAEFD544FCF" box="[481,691,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago virginica</emphasis>
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<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFCFF8BFBE3DEAEFB7B4FCF" box="[1056,1180,1195,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2017-03-26">26.iii.2017</collectingDate>
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, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFFCFF8BFB1ADEAEFAB64FCF" box="[1241,1361,1195,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2017-04-18">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFCFF8BFB1ADEAEFAB64FCF" box="[1241,1361,1195,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2017-04-18">18.iv.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFCFF8BFA9EDEA9FF0F4FE3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M.W. Palmer</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFED6DECAFDE74FE3" box="[277,512,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patagonica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFED6DECAFDE74FE3" box="[277,512,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago patagonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFFCFF8BFDDEDECAFD6F4FE3" box="[541,648,1231,1257]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">CSE3884</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFFCFF8BFD5BDECAFD144FE3" box="[664,755,1231,1257]" count="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="adult">3 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFCFF8BFD3DDECAFCBE4FE3" box="[766,857,1231,1257]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFCFF8BFF04DEF6FAC94E04" blockId="38.[151,1437,1159,1978]" box="[199,1326,1267,1294]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFF04DEF6FE364E07" bold="true" box="[199,465,1267,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Other collected mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFCFF8BFE1BDEF1FAC94E04" box="[472,1326,1267,1294]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFE1BDEF1FD954E07" box="[472,626,1267,1294]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">NEW YORK</collectingRegion>
: Columbia Co., Ghent,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFCFF8BFCBADEF6FC1B4E04" box="[889,1020,1267,1294]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2015-07-17">17.vii.2015</date>
, C. Vispo,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFBB5DEF6FAC04E07" box="[1142,1319,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFBB5DEF6FAC04E07" box="[1142,1319,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFCFF8BFF04DF12FBDA4EC8" blockId="38.[151,1437,1159,1978]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFF04DF12FE2E4E3B" bold="true" box="[199,457,1303,1329]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Photographed mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFCFF8BFE16DF12FCBB4E5F" collectingDate="2017-06-19" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.647186" location="Northfield" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.42501" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFE16DF12FD2F4E3B" box="[469,712,1303,1329]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFFCFF8BFD15DF12FC8D4E3B" box="[726,874,1303,1329]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFFCFF8BFCB9DF12FC154E3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFCFF8BFF54DE1EFF074CB0:9D7561A6FFFCFF8BFCB9DF12FC154E3B" box="[890,1010,1303,1329]" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.647186" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.42501" name="Northfield" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Northfield</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFBC2DF12FB9C4E3B" box="[1025,1147,1303,1329]" degrees="42.647187" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="42.647186">42.647187</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFB48DF12FAE94E38" box="[1163,1294,1303,1330]" degrees="72.425014" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-72.42501">-72.425014</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFCFF8BFADEDF12FA704E3B" box="[1309,1431,1303,1329]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2017-06-19">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFCFF8BFADEDF12FA704E3B" box="[1309,1431,1303,1329]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2017-06-19">19.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFCFF8BFF54DF3EFED74E5F" box="[151,304,1339,1365]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFEF8DF3EFDFA4E5F" box="[315,541,1339,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFEF8DF3EFDFA4E5F" box="[315,541,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 203292183)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFCFF8BFCA5DF3EFCB64E70" collectingDate="2022-06-17" collectorName="E. Mitchell" latitude="42.11982" location="Co." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.7127" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Plymouth">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFCA5DF3EFC344E5F" box="[870,979,1339,1365]" country="United Kingdom" name="Plymouth" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plymouth</collectingRegion>
<location id="9D7561A6FFFCFF8BFC1ADF3EFBE44E5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFCFF8BFF54DE1EFF074CB0:9D7561A6FFFCFF8BFC1ADF3EFBE44E5F" box="[985,1027,1339,1365]" latitude="42.11982" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.7127" name="Co." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Plymouth">Co.</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFBCEDF3EFB614E5F" box="[1037,1158,1339,1365]" degrees="42.119821" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="42.11982">42.119821</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFB53DF3EFAF44E5F" box="[1168,1299,1339,1365]" degrees="70.712702" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-70.7127">-70.712702</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFCFF8BFADEDF3EFA7F4E5F" box="[1309,1432,1339,1365]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2022-06-17">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFCFF8BFADEDF3EFA7F4E5F" box="[1309,1432,1339,1365]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2022-06-17">17.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFCFF8BFF54DF65FEFD4E73" box="[151,282,1375,1402]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E. Mitchell</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFEE5DF5AFDEC4E73" box="[294,523,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFEE5DF5AFDEC4E73" box="[294,523,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 122205959)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFCFF8BFC9EDF65FC6E4E97" collectorName="S. Rall" latitude="40.602398" location="Warren" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.53274" municipality="Co." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Jersey">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFC9EDF65FBEC4E73" box="[861,1035,1375,1402]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">NEW JERSEY</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFBD5DF5AFB994E73" box="[1046,1150,1375,1401]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Somerset</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFFCFF8BFB44DF5AFB564E73" box="[1159,1201,1375,1401]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Co.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFFCFF8BFB7EDF65FAF54E70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFCFF8BFF54DE1EFF074CB0:9D7561A6FFFCFF8BFB7EDF65FAF54E70" box="[1213,1298,1376,1402]" latitude="40.602398" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.53274" municipality="Co." name="Warren" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="New Jersey">Warren</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFADDDF5AFA7F4E73" box="[1310,1432,1375,1401]" degrees="40.602399" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="40.602398">40.602399</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFF54DF86FEFC4E94" box="[151,283,1411,1438]" degrees="74.532738" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-74.53274">-74.532738</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFCFF8BFEEBDF86FE9F4E97" box="[296,376,1411,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">S. Rall</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFE45DF86FD8B4E97" box="[390,620,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFE45DF86FD8B4E97" box="[390,620,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 47902786)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFCFF8BFC56DF86FBDE4EC8" collectingDate="2023-05-20" collectorName="D. Barber" county="Fayette Co." latitude="38.15071" location="Fayette Co." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.21493" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Virginia">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFC56DF86FB8A4E97" box="[917,1133,1411,1437]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">WEST VIRGINIA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFFCFF8BFBB9DF81FB184E97" box="[1146,1279,1411,1438]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fayette Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFACEDF86FA614E94" box="[1293,1414,1411,1438]" degrees="38.150711" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="38.15071">38.150711</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFCFF8BFA50DF81FEF64ECB" degrees="81.214928" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-81.21493">- 81.214928</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFCFF8BFEDFDFA2FE6A4ECB" box="[284,397,1447,1473]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2023-05-20">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFCFF8BFEDFDFA2FE6A4ECB" box="[284,397,1447,1473]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2023-05-20">20.v.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFCFF8BFE5BDFADFDEE4ECB" box="[408,521,1447,1474]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D. Barber</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFDD7DFA2FD104ECB" box="[532,759,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFDD7DFA2FD104ECB" box="[532,759,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 162850233)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFFCFF8BFF04DFCEFF074CB0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFCFF8BFF04DFCEFAE24D93" blockId="38.[151,1437,1159,1978]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFF04DFCEFEF64EEF" bold="true" box="[199,273,1483,1509]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFED5DFCEFE254EEF" box="[278,450,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Plantaginaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFE08DFCEFD4A4EEF" box="[459,685,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFE08DFCEFD4A4EEF" box="[459,685,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFD14DFC9FCD44EEF" box="[727,819,1484,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFD14DFC9FCD44EEF" box="[727,819,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFC9EDFC9FBA44EEC" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[861,1091,1484,1510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patagonica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFC9EDFC9FBE54EEC" box="[861,1026,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. *patagonica</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFB8FDFC9FAEF4EEC" authority="Decne." authorityName="Decne." box="[1100,1288,1483,1510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugelii">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFB8FDFC9FB564EEF" box="[1100,1201,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. rugelii</emphasis>
Decne.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFAD2DFC9FA7B4EEC" box="[1297,1436,1484,1510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFAD2DFC9FA7B4EEC" box="[1297,1436,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. *virginica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFCFF8BFF7DDFEAFEDB4D03" author="Reed, H." box="[190,316,1519,1545]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="540 - 549" refId="ref47729" refString="Reed, H. (1927) Some observations on the leaf-mining flea-beetle Dibolia borealis Chevrolat. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 20 (4), 540 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 20.4.540" type="journal article" year="1927">Reed 1927</bibRefCitation>
; Riley &amp; Enns 1979).
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFCFF8BFDF4DFEAFD254D03" author="Reed, H." box="[567,706,1519,1545]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="540 - 549" refId="ref47729" refString="Reed, H. (1927) Some observations on the leaf-mining flea-beetle Dibolia borealis Chevrolat. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 20 (4), 540 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 20.4.540" type="journal article" year="1927">Reed (1927)</bibRefCitation>
reported that larvae feed on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFBC5DFF5FB704D03" box="[1030,1175,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFBC5DFF5FB704D03" box="[1030,1175,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the laboratory when deprived of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFEDCDC11FE994D27" box="[287,382,1556,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFEDCDC11FE994D27" box="[287,382,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but have not been found on this host in nature. We found a single mine on this host in a patch of mined
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFEC0DC3DFE854D5B" box="[259,354,1592,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFEC0DC3DFE854D5B" box="[259,354,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plants, and three other observations of mines on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFC4EDC3DFBF84D5B" box="[909,1055,1591,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFC4EDC3DFBF84D5B" box="[909,1055,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are listed above; an additional 12 examples from
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFE80DC59FE234D7C" box="[323,452,1628,1654]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
have been posted on iNaturalist by S. Rall. Adults have been found on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFB16DC59FA7A4D7F" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[1237,1437,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aristata">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFB16DC59FAA14D7F" box="[1237,1350,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. aristata</emphasis>
Michx.
</taxonomicName>
as well as on a variety of unrelated plants that are unlikely to serve as larval hosts (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFCFF8BFBF4DC7AFB1D4D93" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[1079,1274,1663,1690]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFBBDDC85FB484D93" box="[1150,1199,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFCFF8BFF04DCA6FBF14DEB" blockId="38.[151,1437,1159,1978]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFF04DCA6FEC04DB7" bold="true" box="[199,295,1699,1725]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Biology.</emphasis>
The larval habits were described by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFCFF8BFD02DCA6FCA84DB7" author="Reed, H." box="[705,847,1699,1725]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="540 - 549" refId="ref47729" refString="Reed, H. (1927) Some observations on the leaf-mining flea-beetle Dibolia borealis Chevrolat. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 20 (4), 540 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 20.4.540" type="journal article" year="1927">Reed (1927)</bibRefCitation>
. Larvae form full-depth, linear mines, with frass that is typically fine and squiggly but sometimes forms a broad, dark band (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFFCFF8BFC76DCC2FBEE4DEB" box="[949,1033,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 8998" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-18@39.[151,1435,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 8998. Leaf mines of Alticini spp.; 89: Altica cf. lazulina on Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia; 90: Dibolia borealis on Plantago major; 91: D. chelones on Chelone glabra (larva producing squiggly frass); 92: same (two larvae producing central frass lines); 93: D. melampyri on Melampyrum lineare; 94: same; 95: D. cf. obscura on Penstemon griffinii; 96: same; 97: Mantura floridana on Persicaria virginiana; 98: M. floridana on Oxalis stricta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387906/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFCFF8BFF04DCEEFF074CB0" blockId="38.[151,1437,1159,1978]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFF04DCEEFEB34C0F" bold="true" box="[199,340,1771,1797]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
An adult
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFE7ADCE9FD3B4C0F" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[441,732,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Hemiptarsenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFE7ADCE9FD844C0F" box="[441,611,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hemiptarsenus</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFD24DCEEFC8D4C0F" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[743,874,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
)emerged from the
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFBF8DCE9FB4D4C0F" box="[1083,1194,1771,1798]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">New York</collectingRegion>
collection (CSE2205, BMNH), and an adult
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFE4DDD0AFDB74C23" authority="Schrank" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[398,592,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFE4DDD0AFE094C23" box="[398,494,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pnigalio</emphasis>
Schrank
</taxonomicName>
emerged from the
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFCFF8BFCDCDD0AFC734C23" box="[799,916,1807,1833]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
collection from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFB89DD0AFAFC4C23" box="[1098,1307,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginica">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFB89DD0AFAFC4C23" box="[1098,1307,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plantago virginica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CSE3124, BMNH).
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFEC6DD36FDBC4C47" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[261,603,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Chrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitetis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFEC6DD36FE0D4C47" box="[261,490,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Chrysocharis nitetis</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
, a species normally associated with leaf-mining sawflies (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFB39DD36FA7E4C47" box="[1274,1433,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFF54DD52FEA34C7B" box="[151,324,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
), was once reared from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFD94DD52FCF64C7B" box="[599,785,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dibolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFD94DD52FCF64C7B" box="[599,785,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Dibolia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFCFF8BFCE0DD52FC514C7B" author="Girault, A. A." box="[803,950,1879,1905]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref45709" refString="Girault, A. A. (1917) Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Private publication, 22 pp." type="book" year="1917">Girault 1917</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFCFF8BFC00DD5DFB8F4C7B" author="Hansson, C." box="[963,1128,1879,1906]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref46057" refString="Hansson, C. (1987) Revision of the New World species of Chrysocharis Forster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement, 31, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1987">Hansson 1987</bibRefCitation>
). The only other parasitoid previously recorded from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFE7CDD7EFDF24C9F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[447,533,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dibolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFE7CDD7EFDF24C9F" box="[447,533,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Dibolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFDFBDD7EFC994C9F" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[568,894,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFDFBDD7EFD1F4C9F" box="[568,760,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pnigalio flavipes</emphasis>
(Ashmead)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFC4EDD7EFBF74C9F" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[909,1040,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFCFF8BFB9CDD79FF3B4CB0" authority="Parry (Eiseman 2015)" authorityName="Parry (Eiseman" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dibolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelones">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFCFF8BFB9CDD79FB024C9F" box="[1119,1253,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D. chelones</emphasis>
Parry (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFCFF8BFAF9DD7EFF334CB0" author="Eiseman, C. S." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="453 - 458" refId="ref45040" refString="Eiseman, C. S. (2015) Notes on leaf-mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in New England. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69 (3), 453 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 69.3.453" type="journal article" year="2015">Eiseman 2015</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFFEFF89FF54DC9DFE104DB8" blockId="36.[151,503,1688,1751]" box="[151,503,1688,1715]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="C35D8011FFFEFF89FF54DC9DFE104DB8" bold="true" box="[151,503,1688,1715]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFEFF89FF54DC9DFE104DB8" authority="(Blatchley)" baseAuthorityName="Blatchley" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,503,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oulema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FF54DC9DFE104DB8" bold="true" box="[151,503,1688,1715]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FF54DC9DFE804DB9" bold="true" box="[151,359,1688,1715]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Oulema palustris</emphasis>
(Blatchley)
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<paragraph id="9815377DFFFEFF89FF54DCB9FE814DDD" blockId="36.[151,503,1688,1751]" box="[151,358,1724,1751]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
(
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,
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFFEFF89FEF0DCB9FEB94DDD" box="[307,350,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 142161" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,185,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@51.[151,1435,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 142161. Chrysomelidae adults; 142: Octotoma marginicollis; 143: O. plicatula; 144: Odontota dorsalis; 145: O. floridana; 146: O. horni; 147: O. scapularis; 148: Stenopodius cf. lateralis; 149: Sumitrosis ancoroides (reared from Stylosanthes biflora); 150: S. ancoroides (reared from Strophostyles helvola); 151: S. inaequalis; 152: S. pallescens; 153: S. rosea (reared from Hylodesmum glutinosum); 154: S. rosea (reared from Laportea canadensis); 155: S. rosea (another individual reared from same collection of L. canadensis leaves); 156: S. rosea (reared from Celastrus orbiculatus); 157: Oulema palustris; 158: Altica cf. lazulina; 159: Dibolia borealis; 160: D. chelones; 161: D. melampyri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387934/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">157</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFFEFF88FF54DD00FC674FFE" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFEFF89FF54DD00FC344CFD" blockId="36.[151,1437,1796,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FF54DD00FE9E4C14" bold="true" box="[151,377,1796,1823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Reared specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFEFF89FE40DD00FB064C49" collectingDate="2017-07-13" collectingDateMax="2017-08-04" collectingDateMin="2017-07-13" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.63721" location="Old Wendell Rd." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.4209" municipality="Northfield" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="CSE4063" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-adult="4" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFEFF89FE40DD00FD914C15" box="[387,630,1797,1823]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFFEFF89FD47DD01FCF04C15" box="[644,791,1796,1823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFFEFF89FCE5DD01FC794C14" box="[806,926,1796,1822]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Northfield</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFFEFF89FC6FDD01FB974C14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFEFF89FC6FDD01FB974C14" box="[940,1136,1796,1822]" county="Franklin Co." latitude="42.63721" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.4209" municipality="Northfield" name="Old Wendell Rd." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Old Wendell Rd.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFEFF89FB42DD01FB1A4C14" box="[1153,1277,1796,1822]" degrees="42.637210" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="1" value="42.63721">42.637210</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFEFF89FACFDD01FA774C15" box="[1292,1424,1796,1823]" degrees="72.420895" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="1" value="-72.4209">-72.420895</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FF54DD2DFEFE4C48" box="[151,281,1832,1858]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2017-07-13">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FF54DD2DFEFE4C48" box="[151,281,1832,1858]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2017-07-13">13.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FE9FDD2DFE3F4C48" box="[348,472,1832,1858]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2017-08-04">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FE9FDD2DFE3F4C48" box="[348,472,1832,1858]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2017-08-04">4.viii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFEFF89FE24DD2CFD624C48" box="[487,645,1832,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFEFF89FD7ADD2CFC954C48" box="[697,882,1832,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FD7ADD2CFC954C48" box="[697,882,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFFEFF89FC51DD2DFC194C48" box="[914,1022,1832,1858]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CSE4063</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFFEFF89FBD3DD2CFB974C48" box="[1040,1136,1832,1859]" count="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="adult">4 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFEFF89FBBCDD2CFB3D4C49" box="[1151,1242,1833,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFEFF89FB33DD2DFE984C81" collectingDate="2016-06-10" collectingDateMax="2016-07-13" collectingDateMin="2016-06-10" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Nantucket Co." location="Head" municipality="Nantucket" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="CSE2687" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-adult="10" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFFEFF89FB33DD2DFA7F4C49" box="[1264,1432,1832,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nantucket Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFFEFF89FF54DD49FEEA4C6C" box="[151,269,1868,1894]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nantucket</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFFEFF89FED9DD49FEB24C6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFEFF89FED9DD49FEB24C6C" box="[282,341,1868,1894]" county="Nantucket Co." municipality="Nantucket" name="Head" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">Head</location>
of the
<location id="9D7561A6FFFEFF89FE69DD49FE164C6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFEFF89FE69DD49FE164C6C" box="[426,497,1868,1894]" county="Nantucket Co." municipality="Nantucket" name="Plains" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">Plains</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FE3DDD49FD9F4C6C" box="[510,632,1868,1894]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-06-10">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FE3DDD49FD9F4C6C" box="[510,632,1868,1894]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-06-10">10.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FD7BDD49FCB24C6C" box="[696,853,1868,1894]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-07-01" valueMax="2016-07-13" valueMin="2016-07-01">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FD7BDD49FCB24C6C" box="[696,853,1868,1894]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2016-07-01" valueMax="2016-07-13" valueMin="2016-07-01">113.vii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFEFF89FCA0DD48FBE74C6C" box="[867,1024,1868,1895]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFEFF89FBF3DD48FAF44C6C" box="[1072,1299,1868,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horridulum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FBF3DD48FAF44C6C" box="[1072,1299,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cirsium horridulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFFEFF89FAF2DD49FA7B4C6C" box="[1329,1436,1868,1894]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CSE2687</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFFEFF89FF63DD74FEEA4C80" box="[160,269,1904,1931]" count="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="adult">10 adults</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFEFF89FEDFDD74FE904C81" box="[284,375,1905,1931]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFEFF89FE4EDD74FF4B4CA5" collectingDate="2021-04-26" collectingDateMax="2021-06-04" collectingDateMin="2021-04-26" collectionCode="T" county="Durham Co." location="Pelham Road" municipality="Durham" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFEFF89FE4EDD74FD6B4C81" box="[397,652,1905,1931]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFFEFF89FD59DD75FCCC4C81" box="[666,811,1904,1931]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Durham Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFFEFF89FCF9DD75FC7E4C80" box="[826,921,1904,1930]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Durham</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFFEFF89FC6BDD75FBA24C80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFEFF89FC6BDD75FBA24C80" box="[936,1093,1904,1930]" county="Durham Co." municipality="Durham" name="Pelham Road" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="North Carolina">Pelham Road</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FB97DD75FB2B4C80" box="[1108,1228,1904,1930]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2021-04-26">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FB97DD75FB2B4C80" box="[1108,1228,1904,1930]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2021-04-26">26.iv.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FACCDD75FA7F4C80" box="[1295,1432,1904,1930]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2021-06-01" valueMax="2021-06-04" valueMin="2021-06-01">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FACCDD75FA7F4C80" box="[1295,1432,1904,1930]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2021-06-01" valueMax="2021-06-04" valueMin="2021-06-01">14.vi.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFEFF89FF54DD90FF4B4CA5" box="[151,172,1941,1967]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFEFF89FF73DD90FC884CA5" box="[176,879,1940,1967]" collectionCode="MLBM" location="Feldman" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="CSE7038" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">
S.
<location id="9D7561A6FFFEFF89FF0FDD91FED64CA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFEFF89FF0FDD91FED64CA4" box="[204,305,1940,1966]" name="Feldman" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="NORTH CAROLINA">Feldman</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFEFF89FE9CDD90FDF24CA4" box="[351,533,1940,1967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FE9CDD90FDF24CA4" box="[351,533,1940,1967]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFFEFF89FDF0DD90FD794CA5" box="[563,670,1941,1967]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CSE7038</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFFEFF89FD72DD90FCE74CA4" box="[689,768,1940,1967]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFEFF89FCCFDD90FC804CA5" box="[780,871,1941,1967]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFEFF89FCB9DD90FB534CD9" collectingDate="2023-03-05" collectingDateMax="2023-03-27" collectingDateMin="2023-03-05" collectionCode="MBLM" collectorName="C. Burrier" county="Wilson Co." location="Jackson Nature Park" municipality="Stockdale" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="CSE8121" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Texas">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFEFF89FCB9DD90FC3E4CA5" box="[890,985,1941,1967]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFFEFF89FC27DD91FB814CA5" box="[996,1126,1940,1967]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Wilson Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFFEFF89FBB1DD91FB044CA4" box="[1138,1251,1940,1966]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Stockdale</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFFEFF89FB2CDD91FF2A4CD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFEFF89FB2CDD91FF2A4CD8" county="Wilson Co." municipality="Stockdale" name="Jackson Nature Park" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Texas">Jackson Nature Park</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FF1FDDBDFEAD4CD9" box="[220,330,1976,2003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-03-05">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FF1FDDBDFEAD4CD9" box="[220,330,1976,2003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-03-05">5.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, em.
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FE4FDDBDFDE04CD8" box="[396,519,1976,2002]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-03-27">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FE4FDDBDFDE04CD8" box="[396,519,1976,2002]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-03-27">27.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFEFF89FDD5DDBCFD6A4CD8" box="[534,653,1976,2003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C. Burrier</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFEFF89FD03DDBDFCB54CD8" box="[704,850,1976,2002]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FD03DDBDFCB54CD8" box="[704,850,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tradescantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFFEFF89FCB1DDBCFC3A4CD9" box="[882,989,1977,2003]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CSE8121</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFFEFF89FC31DDBCFBA44CD8" box="[1010,1091,1976,2003]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFEFF89FB92DDBCFB4B4CD9" box="[1105,1196,1977,2003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MBLM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFEFF89FB01DDBDFC284CFD" collectingDate="2023-03-25" collectingDateMax="2023-04-19" collectingDateMin="2023-03-25" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="Burrier" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="CSE8119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="TEXAS">
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FB01DDBDFAD94CD9" box="[1218,1342,1976,2003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-03-25">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FB01DDBDFAD94CD9" box="[1218,1342,1976,2003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-03-25">25.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, em. by
<date id="EC1411BDFFFEFF89FF54DDD9FEF74CFC" box="[151,272,2012,2038]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-04-19">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFEFF89FF54DDD9FEF74CFC" box="[151,272,2012,2038]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2023-04-19">19.iv.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, C.
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFEFF89FEFFDDD9FE684CFC" box="[316,399,2012,2038]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Burrier</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFEFF89FE78DDD8FD9C4CFC" box="[443,635,2013,2039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="texanum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFEFF89FE78DDD8FD9C4CFC" box="[443,635,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cirsium texanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFFEFF89FD54DDD8FCE64CFD" box="[663,769,2013,2039]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CSE8119</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFFEFF89FCD0DDD8FC854CFC" box="[787,866,2012,2039]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFEFF89FCAEDDD8FC2F4CFD" box="[877,968,2013,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CCD567F5FFFFFF88FF54DE06FF174F35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14387904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387904/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,264,1027,1051]" targetBox="[151,1435,235,1003]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFFFF88FF54DE06FF174F35" blockId="37.[151,1436,1027,1087]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF54DE06FEBF4F11" bold="true" box="[151,344,1027,1051]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 8788.</emphasis>
Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FDC1DE06FD514F11" baseAuthorityName="Blatchley" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[514,694,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oulema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FDC1DE06FD514F11" box="[514,694,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Oulema palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FD04DE06FD0E4F11" bold="true" box="[711,745,1027,1051]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">87:</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FCDBDE01FC274F11" box="[792,960,1027,1051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FCDBDE01FC274F11" box="[792,960,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with larva at far left);
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FB0BDE06FB0E4F11" bold="true" box="[1224,1257,1027,1051]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">88:</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FADBDE06FF0D4F35" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ohiensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FADBDE06FF0D4F35" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Tradescantia ohiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFFFF88FF04DE68FB474FA6" blockId="37.[151,1437,1133,1952]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF04DE68FE214F8D" bold="true" box="[199,454,1133,1159]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Collected specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFFFF88FE16DE6BFB7B4FA6" collectingDate="2016-06-10" collectingDateMax="2016-06-27" collectingDateMin="2016-06-10" collectionCode="MLBM" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Nantucket Co." location="Head" municipality="Nantucket" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="CSE2687" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FE16DE6BFD2F4F82" box="[469,712,1134,1160]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="71744FF1FFFFFF88FD19DE68FC614F82" box="[730,902,1133,1160]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Nantucket Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7871AD07FFFFFF88FC5ADE68FBE84F8D" box="[921,1039,1133,1159]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Nantucket</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9D7561A6FFFFFF88FBE1DE68FBBA4F8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFFFF88FBE1DE68FBBA4F8D" box="[1058,1117,1133,1159]" county="Nantucket Co." municipality="Nantucket" name="Head" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Head</location>
of the
<location id="9D7561A6FFFFFF88FB00DE68FAED4F8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1003866BFFFEFF88FF54DC9DFD924CAA:9D7561A6FFFFFF88FB00DE68FAED4F8D" box="[1219,1290,1133,1159]" county="Nantucket Co." municipality="Nantucket" name="Plains" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Plains</location>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FADEDE68FA704F8D" box="[1309,1431,1133,1159]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2016-06-10">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFFFF88FADEDE68FA704F8D" box="[1309,1431,1133,1159]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2016-06-10">10.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, preserved
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FEC8DE94FE624FA1" box="[267,389,1169,1195]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2016-06-27">
<collectingDate id="FC50E855FFFFFF88FEC8DE94FE624FA1" box="[267,389,1169,1195]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2016-06-27">27.vi.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="355F52ABFFFFFF88FE52DE97FDCC4FA1" box="[401,555,1169,1196]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
,
<collectedFrom id="2BB67480FFFFFF88FDF5DE97FCDC4FA1" box="[566,827,1169,1196]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FD9ADE97FCDC4FA1" box="[601,827,1169,1196]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horridulum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FD9ADE97FCDC4FA1" box="[601,827,1169,1196]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium horridulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, #
<specimenCode id="C80C9F06FFFFFF88FC94DE94FC254FA1" box="[855,962,1169,1195]" collectionCode="CSE" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">CSE2687</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="8EACFCF4FFFFFF88FC12DE97FBC94FA1" box="[977,1070,1169,1196]" count="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="FEBBAFB8FFFFFF88FBFADE97FB734FA6" box="[1081,1172,1170,1196]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MLBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFFFF88FF04DEB0FC674FFE" blockId="37.[151,1437,1133,1952]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF04DEB0FE3C4FC5" bold="true" box="[199,475,1205,1232]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Other collected mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFFFF88FE25DEB3FC674FFE" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FE25DEB3FD854FDA" box="[486,610,1206,1232]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">INDIANA</collectingRegion>
: Newton Co., Lake Village, Conrad Station Savanna,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FB21DEB0FABB4FC5" box="[1250,1372,1205,1231]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2019-06-29">29.vi.2019</date>
, C.S. Eiseman &amp; J.A. Blyth, parasitized larvae in
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FD47DEDCFC9E4FF9" box="[644,889,1241,1267]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ohiensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FD47DEDCFC9E4FF9" box="[644,889,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Tradescantia ohiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFFFFF88FF04DEFBFD744EC1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFFFF88FF04DEFBFD744EC1" blockId="37.[151,1437,1133,1952]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF04DEFBFE2E4E1D" bold="true" box="[199,457,1277,1304]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Photographed mines.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFFFF88FE17DEFBFCC14E36" latitude="43.237064" longitude="-91.11905" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FE17DEFBFDC54E12" box="[468,546,1278,1304]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">IOWA</collectingRegion>
: Allamakee Co., Red Oak Prairie (
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFFFF88FC7FDEF8FBDF4E1D" box="[956,1080,1277,1303]" degrees="43.237064" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="1" value="43.237064">43.237064</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD9E51BAFFFFFF88FB84DEF8FB2B4E12" box="[1095,1228,1277,1304]" degrees="91.119050" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="1" value="-91.11905">-91.119050</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FB21DEF8FABB4E1D" box="[1250,1372,1277,1303]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2019-06-26">26.vi.2019</date>
, C.S. Eiseman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FECFDF27FE374E31" box="[268,464,1313,1340]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FECFDF27FE374E31" box="[268,464,1313,1340]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 203287172)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFFFF88FCF4DF27FD274E6A" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FCF4DF27FC3B4E36" box="[823,988,1314,1340]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MARYLAND</collectingRegion>
: Harford Co.,
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FB4CDF24FAEC4E31" box="[1167,1291,1313,1339]" country="United Kingdom" name="Darlington" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Darlington</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FADEDF24FA7F4E31" box="[1309,1432,1313,1339]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2018-06-13">13.vi.2018</date>
, J. Emm,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FEC2DF40FE524E55" box="[257,437,1349,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Carduus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FEC2DF40FE524E55" box="[257,437,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Carduus nutans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (BG 1537715);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFFFF88FD08DF43FA7B4E8E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FD08DF43FC9D4E6A" box="[715,890,1350,1376]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NEW JERSEY</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FC44DF43FC084E6A" box="[903,1007,1350,1376]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Somerset</collectingRegion>
Co., Martinsville,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FB08DF40FAD04E55" box="[1227,1335,1349,1375]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2019-06-01">1.vi.2019</date>
, S. Rall,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FF54DF6FFEAA4E89" box="[151,333,1385,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF54DF6FFEAA4E89" box="[151,333,1385,1412]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[larva] (iNat 26217815); Warren,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FD0EDF6CFCA04E89" box="[717,839,1385,1411]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2018-06-11">11.vi.2018</date>
, S. Rall,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FC6FDF6FFB834E89" box="[940,1124,1386,1412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FC6FDF6FFB834E89" box="[940,1124,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium arvense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[vacated] (iNat 20021635);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="28C23D20FFFFFF88FF54DF8BFD744EC1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FF54DF8BFE764EA2" box="[151,401,1422,1448]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
: Durham Co., Durham, Pennys Bend on the Eno River,
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FBC3DF88FB654EAD" box="[1024,1154,1421,1447]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2022-07-18">18.vii.2022</date>
, cocoon
<date id="EC1411BDFFFFFF88FB27DF88FA824EA2" box="[1252,1381,1421,1448]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2022-07-15">15.vii.2022</date>
, T.S. Feldman,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FEC4DFB7FE064EC1" box="[263,481,1457,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissimum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FEC4DFB7FE064EC1" box="[263,481,1457,1484]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium altissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BG 2146902).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0B064F6FFFFFF88FF04DFD3FD924CAA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFFFF88FF04DFD3FC884D8A" blockId="37.[151,1437,1133,1952]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF04DFD3FEF64EFA" bold="true" box="[199,273,1494,1520]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FED7DFD3FE744EFA" box="[276,403,1494,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FE5FDFD3FD344EE5" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[412,723,1493,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horridulum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FE5FDFD3FD9C4EE5" box="[412,635,1493,1520]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium horridulum</emphasis>
Michx.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FD1FDFD3FC2D4EE5" authority="Buckley" authorityName="Buckley" box="[732,970,1493,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="texanum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FD1FDFD3FC804EFA" box="[732,871,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. *texanum</emphasis>
Buckley
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FC17DFD3FB794EE5" authority="(Savi)" baseAuthorityName="Savi" box="[980,1182,1493,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FC17DFD3FBB24EE5" box="[980,1109,1493,1520]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. *vulgare</emphasis>
(Savi)
</taxonomicName>
Ten.;
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FB23DFD0FA7E4EE5" box="[1248,1433,1493,1519]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Commelinaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FF54DFFCFECE4D19" box="[151,297,1529,1555]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF54DFFCFECE4D19" box="[151,297,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Tradescantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFFFF88FE94DFFCFDFD4D1E" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[343,538,1529,1556]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FE5DDFFFFE304D19" box="[414,471,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFFFF88FDE7DFFCFCCC4D1E" author="Eiseman, C. S. &amp; Blyth, J. A." box="[548,811,1529,1556]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="202 - 224" refId="ref45177" refString="Eiseman, C. S. &amp; Blyth, J. A. (2022) Nantucket's neglected herbivores I: Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 124 (2), 202 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.124.2.202" type="journal article" year="2022">Eiseman &amp; Blyth 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Leaf mines presumably of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FBA9DFFCFACB4D19" baseAuthorityName="Blatchley" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1130,1324,1529,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oulema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FBA9DFFCFACB4D19" box="[1130,1324,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Oulema palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have also been found on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FEFEDC18FE094D3D" box="[317,494,1565,1591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Carduus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FEFEDC18FE094D3D" box="[317,494,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Carduus nutans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FDD8DC1BFD7B4D32" box="[539,668,1566,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FD6DDC1BFC6F4D3D" box="[686,904,1565,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissimum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FD6DDC1BFC6F4D3D" box="[686,904,1565,1592]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium altissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Spreng.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FBE7DC1BFB7B4D3D" box="[1060,1180,1566,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FBE7DC1BFB7B4D3D" box="[1060,1180,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. arvense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Scop.,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FAE3DC1BFE584D56" authority="(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng." authorityName="Spreng." baseAuthorityName="Willd." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FAE3DC1BFA7B4D3D" box="[1312,1436,1565,1592]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. discolor</emphasis>
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FE38DC47FD4C4D51" authority="Raf." authorityName="Raf." box="[507,683,1601,1627]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ohiensis">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FE38DC47FD934D51" box="[507,628,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. ohiensis</emphasis>
Raf.
</taxonomicName>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FCE0DC47FC4E4D51" baseAuthorityName="Blatchley" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[803,937,1601,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oulema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FCE0DC47FC4E4D51" box="[803,937,1601,1628]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">O. palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found on
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FB5BDC47FA944D51" box="[1176,1395,1601,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissimum">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FB5BDC47FA944D51" box="[1176,1395,1601,1628]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirsium altissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FA40DC47FF094D75" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvense">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FA40DC47FF094D75" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. arvense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FF3FDC63FE9E4D75" box="[252,377,1637,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF3FDC63FE9E4D75" box="[252,377,1637,1664]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FE75DC63FC8C4D8A" authority="Bush (Clark et al. 2004)" box="[438,875,1637,1664]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutiflora">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FE75DC63FDB54D75" box="[438,594,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. hirsutiflora</emphasis>
Bush (
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFFFF88FD63DC60FC844D8A" author="Clark, S. M. &amp; LeDoux, D. G. &amp; Seeno, T. N. &amp; Riley, E. G. &amp; Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M." box="[672,867,1637,1664]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref44688" refString="Clark, S. M., LeDoux, D. G., Seeno, T. N., Riley, E. G., Gilbert, A. J. &amp; Sullivan, J. M. (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication, 2, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">
Clark
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FD24DC63FCC74D75" box="[743,800,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFFFF88FF04DC8CFB0C4C5D" blockId="37.[151,1437,1133,1952]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF04DC8CFEC04DA9" bold="true" box="[199,295,1673,1699]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</emphasis>
As reported by
<bibRefCitation id="FC3B4A8CFFFFFF88FE2ADC8CFCEC4DAE" author="Eiseman, C. S. &amp; Blyth, J. A." box="[489,779,1673,1700]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="202 - 224" refId="ref45177" refString="Eiseman, C. S. &amp; Blyth, J. A. (2022) Nantucket's neglected herbivores I: Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 124 (2), 202 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.124.2.202" type="journal article" year="2022">Eiseman &amp; Blyth (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, larvae form full-depth, irregular linear mines that often follow the leaf margin (
<figureCitation id="00912BF8FFFFFF88FE5DDCA8FDCF4DC2" box="[414,552,1709,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 8788" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1027,1051]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,235,1003]" captionTargetId="figure-18@37.[151,1435,235,1003]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 8788. Leaf mines of Oulema palustris; 87: on Cirsium vulgare (with larva at far left); 88: on Tradescantia ohiensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14387904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14387904/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 8788</figureCitation>
). The rather liquid brown frass sometimes forms a distinct trail but may also be deposited in spots and irregular patches. Larvae occasionally wander over the leaf surface to initiate new mines, but they were never observed to feed externally. A mine is established by chewing a hole in the upper epidermis, and the frass trail sometimes begins a few millimeters outside of the mine entrance. Mature larvae burrow into soil (when available) and form white “cocoons” composed of numerous oblong globules of a frothy secretion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9815377DFFFFFF88FF04DD64FD924CAA" blockId="37.[151,1437,1133,1952]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF04DD64FEB34C71" bold="true" box="[199,340,1889,1915]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FE09DD67FD6B4C71" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[458,652,1889,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FE09DD67FDFB4C71" box="[458,540,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bracon</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FD58DD64FCF94C71" box="[667,798,1889,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged from the two parasitized larvae collected from
<taxonomicName id="5FAA4CFEFFFFFF88FF54DD80FECE4C95" box="[151,297,1925,1951]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AADEEB6FFFFFFF88FF54DD80FECE4C95" box="[151,297,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Tradescantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="5A6EF99FFFFFFF88FE8EDD80FE464C95" box="[333,417,1925,1951]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Indiana</collectingRegion>
(CSE5466, CNC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>