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<document id="CFF9FD91FF51AF7BFDC02DAEF09569EF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5594.1.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954074" ID-ZooBank="4C7DCD9D-E972-4623-9266-3BB7E0028FD4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1740852622641" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kolnegari, Mahmood, Schwarz, Christian J., Ghrejyan, Tigran &amp; Borer, Matthias" docDate="2025" docId="038D87F1F4474C4CFF75FC1EE5A9155A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5594.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5594 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5594.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sinaiella azadi Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="FFB4FF89F4434C44FFE2FFCCE75C130F" masterDocTitle="Sinaiella azadi sp. nov. (Mantodea: Toxoderidae); a new praying mantis species from Western Asia (Iran and Armenia)" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="98" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1740855904795" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="370E086802CAAA5D326228FFE1EC1355">Sinaiella azadi sp. nov. (Mantodea: Toxoderidae); a new praying mantis species from Western Asia (Iran and Armenia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0BB531534B52050CA260D2E256E4AE7">Kolnegari, Mahmood</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2C25E6A591312215BE224CD83CF115FC">Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Charles Darwin, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9EFF16453786B1215C47A8B0C19BCBEC">Schwarz, Christian J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B38A17C78594116E24E733BBF75FE02E">Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="65121F522991C381124EEBF74229A427">Ghrejyan, Tigran</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1A34066FE6E49605433107240DD67E4E">National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4EBA0522C4171E93393EA3075041FEF4">Borer, Matthias</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="86307E295B29C1068756E56937809530">Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Charles Darwin, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Spain &amp; Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland &amp; Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Charles Darwin, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4474C40FF75FC1EE53E10E3" authority="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz" authorityName="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,610,978,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4474C40FF75FC1EE61610E2" bold="true" box="[151,330,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Sinaiella azadi</emphasis>
Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263578EF4474C40FD8AFC1FE59A10E2" box="[616,710,979,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E656CF4474C40FF75FC3BE54F171E" box="[151,531,1014,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4474C40FF75FC3BE54F171E" blockId="4.[151,710,978,1041]" box="[151,531,1014,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F4474C40FF75FC3BE7B9171E" box="[151,229,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,1322,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-177@1.[154,1434,1307,1950]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sinaiella azadi sp. nov. A‒C) Holotype male. A) Antepenultimate instar. B) Last instar. C) Adult. D, E) Allotype female. D) Antepenultimate instar. E) Adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954078/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F4474C40FF13FC3BE65C171E" box="[241,256,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1215,1239]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[151,1436,199,1191]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sinaiella azadi sp. nov. Holotype male and allotype female, dorsal view of preserved specimens. Scale = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F4474C40FEEFFC3AE62E171E" box="[269,370,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1209,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-361@4.[151,1436,1209,1666]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison of two Sinaiella species. A, C, E) S. azadi sp. nov., holotype male. B, D, F) Sinaiella nebulosa. Photo credits: Mahmood Kolnegari and Amir Weinstein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954084/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">5A, C, E</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F4474C40FE9CFC3BE69F171E" box="[382,451,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1382,190,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[196,1391,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head and pronotum of Sinaiella spp. A, B) S. azadi sp. nov. C, D) S. nebulosa. E, F) S. sabulosa. G, H) S. raggei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954086/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">6A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F4474C40FE32FC3BE54F171E" box="[464,531,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,189,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[232,1355,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genitalia and cerci of Sinaiella spp. A, B) S. azadi sp. nov. C, D) S. nebulosa. E, F) S. sabulosa. G, H) S. raggei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954088/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">7A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4474C40FF75FBF3E5541757" bold="true" box="[151,520,1086,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Type material and repositories.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4C3CBAF4474C40FDECFBF3E5D117AE" collectingDate="2021-07-12" collectorName="M. Kolnegari. Genitalia &amp; Schwarz No. &amp; Repository &amp; Natural History Museum &amp; Basel." country="Iran" county="Central" elevation="2130" latitude="34.079193" location="Gurehzar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="49.33108" municipality="Shazand" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Markazi" typeStatus="holotype">
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labels:
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, elev.
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;
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, leg. juv.
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preparation
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FB2EFBAFE23D1772" box="[1228,1377,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Schwarz No.</collectorName>
628.
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:
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FEC3FB4BE56017AE" box="[289,572,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FDA5FB4BE5D117AE" box="[583,653,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Basel.</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4474C40FF75F956E65115BD" bold="true" box="[151,269,1690,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Comparison of two
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<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4474C40FE00F956E56015BD" box="[482,572,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Sinaiella</emphasis>
species. A
</taxonomicName>
, C, E)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4474C40FD13F956E41D15BD" authorityName="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer" authorityYear="2025" box="[753,833,1690,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4474C40FD13F956E41D15BD" box="[753,833,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">S. azadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4474C40FCA5F956E4CB15BD" bold="true" box="[839,919,1690,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
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</emphasis>
, holotype male. B, D, F)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4474C40FB7BF956E20815BD" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1924" box="[1177,1364,1690,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4474C40FB7BF956E20815BD" box="[1177,1364,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Sinaiella nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photo credits: Mahmood Kolnegari and Amir Weinstein.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4474C40FF25F8E5E6481485" blockId="4.[151,1437,1832,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<typeStatus id="549F8845F4474C40FF25F8E5E675144C" box="[199,297,1833,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
labels:
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD6EF4474C40FE6FF8E4E6E3144C" box="[397,447,1832,1859]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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outskirts.
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,
<collectingCountry id="F3337677F4474C40FD17F8E4E406144D" box="[757,858,1832,1858]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, 2.IX.[19]55;
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(
<collectionCode id="ED35AE22F4474C40FB7FF8E4E3B8144D" box="[1181,1252,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">IZAY</collectionCode>
)
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B4C3CBAF4474C40FB1FF8E4E44D1469" collectingDate="1952-08-30" collectionCode="IZAY" collectorName="E. Poghosyan" country="Armenia" location="Yerevan" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yerevan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D22FD6EF4474C40FB1FF8E4E273144C" box="[1277,1327,1832,1859]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E0F805F4474C40FAA2F8E5E2C0144C" box="[1344,1436,1833,1859]" country="Armenia" name="Yerevan" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Yerevan</collectingRegion>
outskirts,
<collectingCountry id="F3337677F4474C40FEE7F880E6371469" box="[261,363,1868,1894]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Armenia</collectingCountry>
.
<date id="FF9A1027F4474C40FE94F880E5501468" box="[374,524,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" value="1952-08-30">
<collectingDate id="EFDEE9CFF4474C40FE94F880E5501468" box="[374,524,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" value="1952-08-30">30.VIII.1952</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FDF5F881E5EE1469" box="[535,690,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">E. Poghosyan</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED35AE22F4474C40FD20F880E4551469" box="[706,777,1868,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">IZAY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4C3CBAF4474C40FCFEF880E64C1485" collectingDate="1952-08-21" collectionCode="IZAY" collectorName="Avetyan H." country="Armenia" location="Yerevan" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yerevan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D22FD6EF4474C40FCFEF880E4151468" box="[796,841,1868,1895]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E0F805F4474C40FCB7F881E4ED1468" box="[853,945,1869,1895]" country="Armenia" name="Yerevan" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Yerevan</collectingRegion>
outskirts,
<collectingCountry id="F3337677F4474C40FBC5F880E3D11469" box="[1063,1165,1868,1894]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Armenia</collectingCountry>
.
<date id="FF9A1027F4474C40FB7AF880E2691468" box="[1176,1333,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" value="1952-08-21">
<collectingDate id="EFDEE9CFF4474C40FB7AF880E2691468" box="[1176,1333,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" value="1952-08-21">21.VIII. 1952</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FADDF880E7EF1484" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Avetyan H.</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED35AE22F4474C40FF23F8BCE6541485" box="[193,264,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">IZAY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4474C40FF25F858E62514F9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1832,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<materialsCitation id="3B4C3CBAF4474C40FF25F858E62514F9" collectingDate="2024-07-05" collectionCode="NMNHGR" collectorName="M. Kolnegari &amp; Repository &amp; Genetic Resources" country="Iran" county="National Museum of Natural History" elevation="1700" location="Mighan Desert Wetland" municipality="Central" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Markazi" typeStatus="allotype">
<typeStatus id="549F8845F4474C40FF25F858E67514A1" box="[199,297,1940,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
labels:
<location id="8EFB603CF4474C40FE62F858E5D214A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87F1F4474C4CFF75FC1EE5A9155A:8EFB603CF4474C40FE62F858E5D214A1" box="[384,654,1940,1967]" country="Iran" county="National Museum of Natural History" municipality="Central" name="Mighan Desert Wetland" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Markazi">Mighan Desert Wetland</location>
,
<location id="8EFB603CF4474C40FD75F858E58E14A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87F1F4474C4CFF75FC1EE5A9155A:8EFB603CF4474C40FD75F858E58E14A1" box="[663,722,1940,1966]" country="Iran" county="National Museum of Natural History" municipality="Central" name="Arak" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Markazi">Arak</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E0F805F4474C40FD3FF858E4FB14A1" box="[733,935,1940,1966]" country="Iran" name="Markazi" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Markazi Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFFAC9DF4474C40FC51F858E35914A1" box="[947,1029,1940,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Central</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingCountry id="F3337677F4474C40FBEEF859E36114A0" box="[1036,1085,1941,1967]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Iran</collectingCountry>
. Elev.
<quantity id="4CDC9B02F4474C40FB65F858E38314A0" box="[1159,1247,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1700.0">
<elevation id="0009D1D4F4474C40FB65F858E38314A0" box="[1159,1247,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FF9A1027F4474C40FB08F858E23B14A0" box="[1258,1383,1940,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" value="2024-07-05">
<collectingDate id="EFDEE9CFF4474C40FB08F858E23B14A0" box="[1258,1383,1940,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" value="2024-07-05">5.VII.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. juv.
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FF28F875E63F14DD" box="[202,355,1976,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">M. Kolnegari</collectorName>
MMTT-Art-4240 (
<collectionCode id="ED35AE22F4474C40FDDDF874E59F14DD" box="[575,707,1976,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">NMNHGR</collectionCode>
).
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FD35F874E40A14DD" box="[727,854,1976,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Repository</collectorName>
:
<collectingCounty id="62FA4E6BF4474C40FC81F874E25614DD" box="[867,1290,1976,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">National Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
and
<collectorName id="26D15331F4474C40FAA7F874E65614F8" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Genetic Resources</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E0F805F4474C40FEFBF810E63114F9" box="[281,365,2012,2038]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Tehran</collectingRegion>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5B666FF4464C41FF75F85BE2C614A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954086" box="[151,1434,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954086/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" startId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[196,1382,190,1910]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4464C41FF75F85BE2C614A0" blockId="5.[151,1434,1943,1968]" box="[151,1434,1943,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4464C41FF75F85BE65114A0" bold="true" box="[151,269,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Head and pronotum of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4464C41FDE6F85BE5FB14BF" box="[516,679,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4464C41FDE6F85BE50214A0" box="[516,606,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">Sinaiella</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
, B)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4464C41FD30F854E47E14A0" authorityName="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer" authorityYear="2025" box="[722,802,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4464C41FD30F854E47E14A0" box="[722,802,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">S. azadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4464C41FCCAF85BE42514A0" bold="true" box="[808,889,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263578EF4464C41FCCAF85BE42514A0" box="[808,889,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
C, D)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4464C41FC5CF854E36F14A0" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1924" box="[958,1075,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4464C41FC5CF854E36F14A0" box="[958,1075,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">S. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. E, F)
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4464C41FB9BF854E3AF14A0" box="[1145,1267,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4464C41FB9BF854E3B314A0" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1939" box="[1145,1263,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosa">S. sabulosa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
G, H)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4464C41FADBF854E2C814A0" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityYear="1991" box="[1337,1428,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raggei">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4464C41FADBF854E2C814A0" box="[1337,1428,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="103">S. raggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5B666FF4454C42FF75F85BE2CC14A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954088" box="[151,1424,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954088/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" startId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[240,1347,189,1911]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4454C42FF75F85BE2CC14A0" blockId="6.[151,1424,1943,1968]" box="[151,1424,1943,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4454C42FF75F85BE65114A0" bold="true" box="[151,269,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Genitalia and cerci of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4454C42FE18F85BE5C114BF" box="[506,669,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4454C42FE18F85BE50814A0" box="[506,596,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">Sinaiella</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
, B)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4454C42FD2AF854E44414A0" authorityName="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer" authorityYear="2025" box="[712,792,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4454C42FD2AF854E44414A0" box="[712,792,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">S. azadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4454C42FCFCF85BE43314A0" bold="true" box="[798,879,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263578EF4454C42FCFCF85BE43314A0" box="[798,879,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
C, D)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4454C42FC56F854E37514A0" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1924" box="[948,1065,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4454C42FC56F854E37514A0" box="[948,1065,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">S. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. E, F)
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4454C42FB8DF854E3B614A0" box="[1135,1258,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4454C42FB8DF854E3B914A0" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1939" box="[1135,1253,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosa">S. sabulosa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
G, H)
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4454C42FACDF854E2D614A0" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityYear="1991" box="[1327,1418,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raggei">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4454C42FACDF854E2D614A0" box="[1327,1418,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="104">S. raggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5B666FF4444C43FF75FB5DE27717A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954092" box="[151,1323,1169,1193]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954092/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" startId="7.[151,250,1169,1193]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4444C43FF75FB5DE27717A7" blockId="7.[151,1323,1169,1193]" box="[151,1323,1169,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4444C43FF75FB5DE65117A6" bold="true" box="[151,269,1169,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Map of Western Asia highlighted in grey and known localities of the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4444C43FBFDFB5DE32517A6" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[1055,1145,1169,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4444C43FBFDFB5DE32517A6" box="[1055,1145,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Sinaiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F4444C43FB48FB5DE27817A6" authorityName="La Greca &amp; Lombardo" authorityYear="1987" box="[1194,1316,1169,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Lobothespis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4444C43FB48FB5DE27817A6" box="[1194,1316,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Lobothespis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33E656CF4444C4CFF25FB21E4F710D5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="7" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4444C43FF25FB21E7911624" blockId="7.[151,1437,1261,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4444C43FF25FB21E61E1608" bold="true" box="[199,322,1261,1287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species is characterized by the dark, fully infumated hindwings with paler apical and basal area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4444C43FF25FAFFE24216B8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1261,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F4444C43FF25FAFFE6571642" bold="true" box="[199,267,1331,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Male.</emphasis>
Body length 25–32.0; head length 2.0; head width 3.2–3.3; lower frons width 1.0; lower frons height 0.4; antennae 15.0; pronotum length 7.5–7.6; prozone length 1.9–2; metazone length 5.7; pronotum width 1.5; forecoxae length 4.3–4.6; forefemora length 5.0–5.5; foretibiae length 3.2–3.4; mesofemora length 4.6; mesotibiae length 5.5; metafemora length 7.3; metatibiae length 8.4; tegmina length 18.3; tegmina width 3.5; alae length 17.4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4444C43FF25FA0CE78B1568" blockId="7.[151,1437,1261,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">
Head (
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F4444C43FEF3FA0CE63516D5" box="[273,361,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1382,190,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[196,1391,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head and pronotum of Sinaiella spp. A, B) S. azadi sp. nov. C, D) S. nebulosa. E, F) S. sabulosa. G, H) S. raggei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954086/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) distinctly wider than long. Compound eyes exophthalmic, with dark stripes (faded in preserved specimen). Ocellar area considerably elevated, with large ocelli. Vertex slightly convex, with 4 evident furrows. Lower frons trapezoid, strongly transverse, lower margin arched, dorsal edge rounded; surface with two shallow depressions. Antennae filiform, brownish, scape with a dark black patch; flagellum covered with light-colored setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4444C43FF25F9BDE30815DF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1261,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F4444C43FEA5F9BCE6C21585" box="[327,414,1648,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1382,190,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[196,1391,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head and pronotum of Sinaiella spp. A, B) S. azadi sp. nov. C, D) S. nebulosa. E, F) S. sabulosa. G, H) S. raggei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954086/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) slender, longer than forecoxa, with a well-marked supracoxal dilatation. Metazona three times as long as prozona. Metazona with a median keel, without granulations. Pronotum disk and lateral margins smooth, the latter finely ciliated. Greatest width of pronotum at supracoxal dilatation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4444C43FF25F916E66A14AB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1261,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Forelegs brownish, with a few irregular darker patches. Forecoxae shorter than metazona, without dorsal spines; apical lobes divergent. Forefemora moderately slender, all spines with blackish tips; claw groove slightly proximal of middle of femur. Ventral side of femur with a row of tubercles.All tibial spines rather short and spaced well apart, posteroventral ones starting some distance from the base. Meso- and metathoracic legs slender, femora with two dorsal and two ventral carinae but without subapical lobes. Femoral spination = 4DS/11AvS/4PvS; Tibial spination = 9AvS/6PvS.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F4444C4CFF25F861E33113DB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1261,2027]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="7" pageNumber="105">Wings reaching the seventh abdominal segment. Forewings subhyaline, except distal part between subcosta and radius anterior, which is subopaque; discoidal field and main veins with brownish spots in the distal two-thirds. Hindwings surpassing tegmina when at rest, infumated with hyaline base; distalmost part of the discoidal field pale subopaque, patterned like the tegmina; AA2 veins dark, intercalary and crossveins pale.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F44B4C4CFF25FF11E4AE12E2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
Abdomen slender, with parallel margins, keeled medially. Dorsal side in life with a distinct pattern, each tergite having a pale basal and dark apical half, and a pair of whitish paramedian markings crossing the border to the previous tergite (visible already in the sub-adult stage). Supraanal plate roughly triangular, rounded at the tip. Cerci dark due to dense dark markings, flattened, slightly surpassing subgenital plate, consisting of seven visible cercomeres. Distal cercomere of left cercus elongate, with conical, rounded apex, possibly consisting of two fused cercomeres, about twice the length of the penultimate cercomere. Distal cercomere of right cercus short and rounded, presumably due to regeneration (
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F44B4C4CFD91FE7CE59012C5" box="[627,716,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,189,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[232,1355,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genitalia and cerci of Sinaiella spp. A, B) S. azadi sp. nov. C, D) S. nebulosa. E, F) S. sabulosa. G, H) S. raggei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954088/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Cerci and abdomen end of
<typeStatus id="549F8845F44B4C4CFBEDFE7DE32612C4" box="[1039,1146,433,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
missing. Subgenital plate asymmetrical, with a small dorsal keel at apex, between the styli. Styli short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F44B4C4CFF25FE3BE5C01191" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
Genital complex of eremiaphiloid
<typeStatus id="549F8845F44B4C4CFDABFE3BE525111E" box="[585,633,503,529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F44B4C4CFD6BFE3BE5BF111E" box="[649,739,503,529]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,189,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[232,1355,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Genitalia and cerci of Sinaiella spp. A, B) S. azadi sp. nov. C, D) S. nebulosa. E, F) S. sabulosa. G, H) S. raggei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954088/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Right phallomere with pilose apex and left margin, with two additional pilosity fields anteriad and posteriad of
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFD26FDD6E5BB113B" bold="true" box="[708,743,538,564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">R3</emphasis>
. Ventral phallomere relatively elongate, with distinct, rounded
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFF75FDF1E7841158" bold="true" box="[151,216,573,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">sdpm</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFF05FDF1E6451158" bold="true" box="[231,281,573,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">sdpl</emphasis>
digitiform with a sharply demarcated terminal spine. Left phallomere typical for the group, with short, strongly curved
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFEB7FDACE6DD1175" bold="true" box="[341,385,608,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">paa</emphasis>
, setose
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFE01FDACE55B1175" bold="true" box="[483,519,608,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">loa</emphasis>
and deeply bifurcated, well-sclerotized phalloid apophysis;
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFB24FDACE3B71175" bold="true" box="[1222,1259,608,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">afa</emphasis>
typical for the genus, with rugose
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFE93FD4FE6F81192" bold="true" box="[369,420,643,669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">aafa</emphasis>
and bifid, acute
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFD82FD4FE5C91192" bold="true" box="[608,661,643,669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">pafa</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F44B4C4CFF25FD6BE5401024" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFF25FD6BE67911CE" bold="true" box="[199,293,679,705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Female.</emphasis>
Body length 31.6–33.1; head length 1.9; head width 3.8; antennae 11.2; pronotum length 8.7; prozone length 2.1; metazone length 6.6; pronotum width 1.6; forecoxae length 6.2; forefemora length 6.0; foretibiae length 4.8; mesofemora length 5.9; mesotibiae length 6.9; metafemora length 8.6; metatibiae length 9.6; tegmina length 7; tegmina width 2.3; alae length 5.1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F44B4C4CFF25FCFFE4F710D5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Pigmentation similar to male, with dark greyish brown body (variable from grayish to brownish tints) and very short wings not exceeding second abdominal tergite. Forewings opaque, apical half broad, with dark-spotted veins especially on costal area. Hindwings fan-like, brown, with large dark spot, fading gradually at costal and apical margins. Subgenital plate not pointed. Last segment of cerci approximately as long as the penultimate segment. Femoral spination = 4DS/11AvS/4PvS; Tibial spination = 9AvS/7PvS.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E656CF44B4C4CFF25FC28E31A1768" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F44B4C4CFF25FC28E31A1768" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFF25FC28E61210F1" bold="true" box="[199,334,996,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Etymology.</emphasis>
Freedom is the essence of human life. Taxonomists require freedom to communicate, cooperate, and collaborate across geographic and political boundaries to correctly place species within the taxonomic tree of life. Honoring that, we have named this species
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFD45FBE6E41E174B" authority=", Persian" authorityName="Persian" box="[679,834,1066,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFD45FBE6E5B8174B" box="[679,740,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">azadi</emphasis>
, Persian
</taxonomicName>
for freedom, representing and embodying the struggle for freedom by the people of
<collectingCountry id="F3337677F44B4C4CFE3DFB82E54C1767" box="[479,528,1102,1128]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Iran</collectingCountry>
. The species name is used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E656CF44B4C4CFF25FBBCE5A9155A" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F44B4C4CFF25FBBCE54F16C8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFF25FBBCE68F1785" bold="true" box="[199,467,1136,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFE3DFBBCE5D01785" authorityName="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer" authorityYear="2025" box="[479,652,1136,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFE3DFBBCE5D01785" box="[479,652,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Sinaiella azadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFD7BFBBCE5A41785" bold="true" box="[665,760,1136,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263578EF44B4C4CFD7BFBBCE5A41785" box="[665,760,1136,1162]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is immediately distinguishable from its congeners by its infumated hindwings with pale apex. This pattern seems to be ancestral to the whole superfamily, as it is also seen in other
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFF17FB7BE6DD17DE" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[245,385,1207,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Toxoderidae</taxonomicName>
like
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFE5BFB7BE44B17DE" authority="Saussure, 1872" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1872" box="[441,791,1207,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Compsothespis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFE5BFB7BE53F17DE" box="[441,611,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Compsothespis</emphasis>
Saussure, 1872
</taxonomicName>
, basal members of Tarachodinae (
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFB75FB7BE23817DE" authority="Stal, 1877" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[1175,1380,1206,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Eremiaphilidae" genus="Ariusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFB75FB7BE3B517DE" box="[1175,1257,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Ariusia</emphasis>
Stål, 1877
</taxonomicName>
) and most
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFF37FB16E60517FB" authorityName="Ehrmann &amp; Roy" authorityYear="2002" box="[213,345,1242,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Rivetinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rivetinidae</taxonomicName>
, while derived conditions (either hyaline or with dark concentric lines around an anal field patch) are prevalent across the whole group. Among congeners,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFCC7FB31E4A91618" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1924" box="[805,1013,1277,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFCC7FB31E4A91618" box="[805,1013,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Sinaiella nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a slightly infumated patch in the anal field (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16F44B4C4CFEF6FAECE6EC1635" author="Uvarov, B. P." box="[276,432,1312,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref5522" refString="Uvarov, B. P. (1924) Some new and interesting Orthoptera in the collection of the Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo. Technical and Scientific Service, Bulletin 41, 1-41." type="journal article" year="1924">Uvarov 1924</bibRefCitation>
), while the two other known species have hyaline hindwings.
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFB60FAEDE3B61635" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityYear="1991" box="[1154,1258,1313,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raggei">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFB60FAEDE3B61635" box="[1154,1258,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">S. raggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is immediately distinguishable from the other species by its simple, not bifid
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFCB1FA8FE4D41652" bold="true" box="[851,904,1347,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">pafa</emphasis>
. The closely related Iranian genus
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFAF7FA8FE6B5168E" authority="La Greca &amp; Lombardo, 1987" authorityName="La Greca &amp; Lombardo" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Lobothespis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFAF7FA8FE2C01652" box="[1301,1436,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Lobothespis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16F44B4C4CFF75FAABE6B5168E" author="La Greca, M. &amp; Lombardo, F." box="[151,489,1383,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" pagination="237 - 246" refId="ref5121" refString="La Greca, M. &amp; Lombardo, F. (1987) Mantodei del Sistan, con descrizione di un nuevo genere di Oxyothespinae. Animalia, 14, 237-246." type="journal article" year="1987">La Greca &amp; Lombardo, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also has an infumated anal field spot and similar genitalia. However, it is clearly distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFE6BFA46E56F16AB" authorityName="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer" authorityYear="2025" box="[393,563,1418,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFE6BFA46E56F16AB" box="[393,563,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Sinaiella azadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFDDEFA46E5C416AB" bold="true" box="[572,664,1418,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263578EF44B4C4CFDDEFA46E5C416AB" box="[572,664,1418,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by a more robust pronotum, less extensively infumated hindwings, and distinctly lobate mesofemora.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7F44B4C4CFF25FA1CE5A9155A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFF25FA1CE62816E5" authorityName="Kolnegari &amp; Schwarz &amp; Ghrejyan &amp; Borer" authorityYear="2025" box="[199,372,1488,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Sinaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFF25FA1CE62816E5" box="[199,372,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Sinaiella azadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFE62FA1CE68316E5" bold="true" box="[384,479,1488,1514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263578EF44B4C4CFE62FA1CE68316E5" box="[384,479,1488,1514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
appears to be the only
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFCE6FA1CE49916E5" box="[772,965,1488,1514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFCE6FA1CE43416E5" box="[772,872,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Sinaiella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
outside the Arabian Peninsula (
<figureCitation id="131F2A62F44B4C4CFAA6FA1CE2D216E5" box="[1348,1422,1488,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Map of Western Asia highlighted in grey and known localities of the genera Sinaiella and Lobothespis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954092/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Substantial habitat separation of this species from its congeners, and proximity to the distribution range of the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFF0BF9DBE5E3153E" authority="La Greca &amp; Lombardo, 1987" authorityName="La Greca &amp; Lombardo" authorityYear="1987" box="[233,703,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Lobothespis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFF0BF9DBE62C153E" box="[233,368,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Lobothespis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16F44B4C4CFE95F9DBE5E3153E" author="La Greca, M. &amp; Lombardo, F." box="[375,703,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" pagination="237 - 246" refId="ref5121" refString="La Greca, M. &amp; Lombardo, F. (1987) Mantodei del Sistan, con descrizione di un nuevo genere di Oxyothespinae. Animalia, 14, 237-246." type="journal article" year="1987">La Greca &amp; Lombardo, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFD28F9DBE35B153E" authority="Saussure, 1870" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1870" box="[714,1031,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Oxyothespis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFD28F9DBE40F153E" box="[714,851,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Oxyothespis</emphasis>
Saussure, 1870
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64F44B4C4CFBA3F9DBE26A153E" authority="Finot, 1902" authorityName="Finot" authorityYear="1902" box="[1089,1334,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Toxoderidae" genus="Severinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5F44B4C4CFBA3F9DBE3F7153E" box="[1089,1195,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="106">Severinia</emphasis>
Finot, 1902
</taxonomicName>
, underlie the importance of this species in phylogenetic studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:identifier id="16AAB006E22174F7E38211222C12699E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5594.1.11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D8F6C3BD37761A95C87283B29A945DB5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B3A951DCBF07AA20270CDDF4A0D45E96" type="Zenodo-Dep">14953973</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DA5D9869EC0A9CB90A6923CFBAE05774" type="ZooBank">C6C7F006-9321-49D9-A7A9-B60A59581D18</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B187DCFFD9FF81FF497FC07768FA49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187DCFFD9FF81FF497FC07768FA49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187DCFFD9FF81FF497FC07768FA49" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFD9FF87FF497FC07623F967" box="[151,609,1749,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFD9FF87FF497FC07623F967" blockId="2.[151,609,1749,1776]" box="[151,609,1749,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
<heading id="D0EF81A6FFD9FF87FF497FC07623F967" bold="true" box="[151,609,1749,1776]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFD9FF87FF497FC07623F967" bold="true" box="[151,609,1749,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFD9FF87FF497FC075BEF967" authority="Gupta" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Sushil" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,508,1749,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFD9FF87FF497FC075E7F967" bold="true" box="[151,421,1749,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Diolcogaster confusus</emphasis>
Gupta
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57A3FFD9FF87FDDD7FC07623F967" box="[515,609,1749,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFD9FF87FF497E0875E0F82B" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFD9FF87FF497E0875E0F82B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1821,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFD9FF87FF497E08751AF8BF" bold="true" box="[151,344,1821,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Key characters.</emphasis>
Antenna/ body length ratio 1.06; OOL: POL: OD- 0.14: 0.18: 0.08; areolet shape triangular, large, r-m interstitial; ratio of hind wing veins (1-M/ M+CU) 1.15; T1, T2 and T3 not forming carapace; median longitudinal groove in T1, median field in T2 weak; ratio of T2/ T3 median length 2.89; hind coxal length/ T1 median length ratio 2.3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF676642FFD8FF86FF467E617003F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" startId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" targetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFD8FF86FF467E617003F838" blockId="3.[151,1436,1908,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFD8FF86FF467E6176F1F804" bold="true" box="[152,691,1908,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">
FIGURE 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFD8FF86FEFC7E61761BF804" authority="Gupta" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Sushil" authorityYear="2025" box="[290,601,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFD8FF86FEFC7E61764EF804" bold="true" box="[290,524,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="197">Diolcogaster confusus</emphasis>
Gupta
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57A3FFD8FF86FDBF7E6176F1F804" box="[609,691,1908,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="197" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDFFF81FF1979837499FB99" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF19798371CEFE59" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FF197983751BFF38" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Description.</emphasis>
Female body length 3.45 (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FD51798276A9FF39" box="[655,747,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Colour (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FCBE79827785FF39" box="[864,967,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
). Body black except first two metasomal tergites; labial and maxillary palps off-white; eyes grey; ocelli grey; clypeus yellow; mandibles yellow with apical dark margins. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish brown with dark brown patches dorsally, flagellomeres dark brown; tegula yellowish-brown. Fore and mid leg light yellow brown; hind leg with coxa black, trochanter and trochantellus yellow testaceous; hind femur reddish brown except yellow basal tip, hind tibia bicolored, apical half dark brown and basal tip with a dark brown faint infuscation dorsally; hind tibial spurs yellow testaceous; fore wing uniformly infuscated without distinct patch, pterostigma dark brown; first metasomal tergite yellow testaceous, second metasomal tergite yellow except for dark brown spots adjacent to the centre at posterior margin of second tergite adjoining third tergite, remaining tergites dark brown; first three lateral sternites pale yellow to testaceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF1978CE77BEFDE9" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
Head (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FECC78CE7528FE7D" box="[274,362,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Head 1.27 × as wide as long, coarsely rugose punctate, with median longitudinal carina in the centre; eyes densely setose; face with sparse pilosity; setae much denser around torular region and clypeal region; antenna 1.1 × as long as body in profile view. Ocellar region smooth, shiny, without prominent setae (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FAEA7B3671D2FDB5" box="[1332,1424,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). OOL: POL: OD- 0.14: 0.18: 0.08; compound eye (height in frontal view) 0.5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF197B7E7082FC09" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
Mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FE8D7B7E75E8FD0D" box="[339,426,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma coarsely punctate and setose; scutellar sulcus with 10 costulae; scutellum coarsely punctate; mesopleuron rugose punctate. Propodeum with strong medial longitudinal carina; coarsely punctate. Measurements: mesosoma in dorsal view 1.14 as long as wide; hind femur 1.02: 0.28; hind tibia 1.13: 1.14. Wings (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FF2E7BC27509FD79" box="[240,331,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Fore wing: dusky, 2.53 × as long as wide; areolet small, triangular; pterostigma (length: height) 0.68: 0.26. Fore wing vein length measurements: r 0.2; 1-R1 0.69; 2-SR 0.16; 3-SR 0.07, 2M 0.11, r-m 0.06; M+CU1 0.99; 1-CU1: 2-CU1 0.16: 0.23; 1-SR-M 0.41; 2-SR-M 0.17; m-cu 0.16. Hind wing vein length measurements: 1-M 0.40; M+CU 0.35. Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FE2F7A56760EFCD5" box="[497,588,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Hind coxa length 0.79, 2.3 as long as T1, distinctly punctate with pilosity. Inner hind tibial spur length: hind basitarsus (0.50: 0.62). Hind coxa reaching a little beyond T2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF197A9E7499FB99" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
Metasoma. T1 1.85 × as long as its apical width, widest preapically (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDFFF81FC187A9E7059FC2D" box="[966,1051,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-42@3.[151,1436,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diolcogaster confusus Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. T1; G. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), with median longitudinal groove not reaching apical margin; T2 median length 1.58 × as long as T1, with sub median oblique lateral sulci limited to the basal one third, median field in T2 weak; ovipositor sheaths dark brown,
<quantity id="4CE09B2FFFDFFF81FC307AC6707EFC65" box="[1006,1084,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" unit="in" value="0.26">0.26 in</quantity>
length. T3 0.35 × times as long as T2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDFFF81FF197D0F75E5FA85" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF197D0F75E5FA85" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FF197D0F750DFBBC" bold="true" box="[199,335,1050,1076]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Comments.</emphasis>
This new species comes close to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FD087D0E70CBFBBD" authority="(Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1976)" baseAuthorityName="Rao &amp; Chalikwar" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[726,1161,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FD087D0E771EFBBC" box="[726,860,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDFFF81FCB37D0E70C2FBBD" author="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R." box="[877,1152,1051,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" pagination="439 - 445" refId="ref5786" refString="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R. (1976) Two new species of Protomicroplitis Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Microgasterinae). Oriental Insects, 9 (4), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1975.10434512" type="journal article" year="1976">Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in having weak median field however differs from the latter in having POL: OOL = 1.28; T1 1.35 × as long as its maximum width (
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FA9C7D2A711BFBD0" box="[1346,1369,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
POL: OOL = 1.1; T1 2.5 × as long as its maximum width in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FD257D76773DFBF4" baseAuthorityName="Rao &amp; Chalikwar" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[763,895,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FD257D76773DFBF4" box="[763,895,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FB3A7D76758AFB29" authority="Narendran &amp; Sheeba, 2003" authorityName="Narendran &amp; Sheeba" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FB3A7D7671DEFBF5" box="[1252,1436,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. malabarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDFFF81FF497D92758AFB29" author="Narendran, T. C. &amp; Sheeba, M." box="[151,456,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref5699" refString="Narendran, T. C. &amp; Sheeba, M. (2003) A new Diolcogaster Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Kerala, India. Journal of Bio-sciences, 11, 1-3." type="journal article" year="2003">
Narendran &amp; Sheeba,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the following set of characters: POL/OOL 1.28; T1 1.85 × as long as its apical width and T3 0.35 × as long as T2 (
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FE057DBE75B0FB4C" box="[475,498,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
ratio of POL/OOL 1.5; T1 1.2 × as long as its apical width and T3 subequal to T
<quantity id="4CE09B2FFFDFFF81FAAC7DBE71DFFB4D" box="[1394,1437,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
length in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FEDD7DDA75FEFB61" authorityName="Narendran &amp; Sheeba" authorityYear="2003" box="[259,444,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FEDD7DDA75FEFB61" box="[259,444,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. malabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FD467DDA773EFB61" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2020" box="[664,892,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurangabadensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FD467DDA773EFB61" box="[664,892,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. aurangabadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in fore and mid coxa yellow in colour (
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FA9E7DDA7115FB60" box="[1344,1367,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">vs</emphasis>
black in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FF6A7DE675D5FA85" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2020" box="[180,407,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurangabadensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FF6A7DE675D5FA85" box="[180,407,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. aurangabadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDFFF81FF197C03716EFAF1" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF197C037795FADD" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<materialsCitation id="3B703C97FFDFFF81FF197C037795FADD" collectingDate="2014-09-24" collectionCode="NBAIR" collectorName="Ankita Gupta &amp; Brac &amp; Micg &amp; Diol" country="India" latitude="32.555794" location="Khajjiar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.06558" municipality="Chamba District" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FF197C037574FAB9" bold="true" box="[199,310,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<typeStatus id="54A38868FFDFFF81FF197C037570FAB9" box="[199,306,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30F765AFFDFFF81FEE07C02753EFAB9" box="[318,380,1303,1329]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">India</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49DCF828FFDFFF81FE587C02761AFAB9" box="[390,600,1303,1329]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC3ACB0FFDFFF81FDBC7C02775DFAB9" box="[610,799,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Chamba District</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8EC76011FFDFFF81FCF47C0277C8FAB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187DCFFD9FF81FF497FC07768FA49:8EC76011FFDFFF81FCF47C0277C8FAB9" box="[810,906,1303,1329]" country="India" latitude="32.555794" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.06558" municipality="Chamba District" name="Khajjiar" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Khajjiar</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C500DFFDFFF81FC4B7C037074FAB9" box="[917,1078,1302,1329]" degrees="32.555795" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" precision="1" value="32.555794">32.555795° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C500DFFDFFF81FB9F7C0370A8FAB9" box="[1089,1258,1302,1329]" degrees="76.0655834" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" precision="1" value="76.06558">76.0655834° E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFA6100AFFDFFF81FB277C0271DAFAB9" box="[1273,1432,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" value="2014-09-24">
<collectingDate id="EFE2E9E2FFDFFF81FB277C0271DAFAB9" box="[1273,1432,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" value="2014-09-24">24 Sept. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDFFF81FF497C2E756CFADD" box="[151,302,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Ankita Gupta</collectorName>
leg; (NIM), code—
<collectionCode id="ED09AE0FFFDFFF81FDD17C2E7624FADD" box="[527,614,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDFFF81FDB17C2E76E1FADD" box="[623,675,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Brac</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDFFF81FD757C2E76A4FADD" box="[683,742,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Micg</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDFFF81FD307C2E775DFADD" box="[750,799,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Diol</collectorName>
/24914C (NIM).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF197C4A716EFAF1" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" box="[199,1324,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<materialsCitation id="3B703C97FFDFFF81FF197C4A716AFAF1" box="[199,1320,1375,1401]" collectingDate="2014-09-24" collectionCode="NBAIR" collectorName="Ankita Gupta &amp; Brac &amp; Micg &amp; Diol" country="India" latitude="32.555794" location="Khajjiar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.06558" municipality="Chamba District" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FF197C4A7577FAF1" bold="true" box="[199,309,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<typeStatus id="54A38868FFDFFF81FF197C4A7572FAF1" box="[199,304,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30F765AFFDFFF81FEE27C4A753BFAF1" box="[316,377,1375,1401]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">India</collectingCountry>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD43FFDFFF81FE5D7C4A7640FAF1" box="[387,514,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, code—
<collectionCode id="ED09AE0FFFDFFF81FCBD7C4A77F8FAF1" box="[867,954,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/Brac/Micg/Diol/24914D (NIM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDFFF81FF197C967768FA49" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF197C967768FA49" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FF197C96750CFA15" bold="true" box="[199,334,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FDEE7C9676E0FA15" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Sushil" authorityYear="2025" box="[560,674,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">“confusus</taxonomicName>
” is derived from the confusing appearance of this species with other species where T1, T2 and T3 are not forming the carapace.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
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<mods:title id="4FF4CF365C9D1936A951DB64C4770D36">Two new species of the genus Diolcogaster Ashmead 1900 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Western Himalayas, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D8B8BC53C38E8C327F4FA02FF3FE92C8">Gupta, Ankita</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08A914580F2DFC0FAD28A67601E775C3">ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E68BA3CB8722F6FF75A52B62A4C3E8E">Sushil, S. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31C8106374CDBE542414F107E70AC4B5">ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="02ADFDC16F433A0C1BC42653A3E46CDB" type="email">snsushil@yahoo.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDAFF84FF49787676AAFEF6" box="[151,744,355,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF49787676AAFEF6" blockId="1.[151,744,355,382]" box="[151,744,355,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<heading id="D0EF81A6FFDAFF84FF49787676AAFEF6" bold="true" box="[151,744,355,382]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF49787676AAFEF6" bold="true" box="[151,744,355,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDAFF84FF49787676C6FEF6" authority="Gupta" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Sushil" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,644,355,382]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudandamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF497876766EFEF6" bold="true" box="[151,556,355,382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis</emphasis>
Gupta
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57A3FFDAFF84FD55787176AAFEF6" box="[651,744,356,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDAFF84FF4978B974ACFDBA" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF4978B974ACFDBA" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF4978B97516FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,340,428,454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Key characters.</emphasis>
Antenna/ body length ratio 1.27; fore wing with apical patch (margins not clearly defined); ratio of hind wing veins (1-M/ M+CU) 1.62; T1, T2 and T3 forming a carapace, median longitudinal groove present in T1, T2 and T3; T3 on lateral sides with strong longitudinal striations, few converging towards the middle of apical margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDAFF84FF197B2970D5F906" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF197B29700AFC12" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF197B29751BFDDE" bold="true" box="[199,345,572,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Description.</emphasis>
Female body length
<quantity id="4CE09B2FFFDAFF84FD987B2976E9FDDF" box="[582,683,572,599]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.14" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="3.14">3.14 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDAFF84FD647B297751FDDE" box="[698,787,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,271,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[151,1436,270,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953975/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Colour (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDAFF84FC5B7B297040FDDE" box="[901,1026,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,271,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[151,1436,270,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953975/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Figs 1A–F</figureCitation>
). Body black except first metasomal tergite fully and partially second metasomal tergite; labial and maxillary palps off-white; eyes grey; ocelli pale testaceous; region below clypeus yellow; mandibles yellow with apical margins dark. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow; first 4–5 flagellomeres yellowish-brown remaining dark brown; tegula yellowish-brown. Fore and mid leg light yellow (except coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and tarsi yellow testaceous); hind leg with coxa black, trochanter and trochantellus yellow testaceous; hind femur distinctly bi-coloured, with distinct diagonal demarcation between the two coloured regions, almost apical half of hind femur dark brown, basal half yellowish-brown; hind tibia with sub-basal off white ring, extreme base and apical half dark brown; fore wing infuscated with brown apical patch (margins not defined), pterostigma dark brown; T1 yellow testaceous, T2 yellow testaceous laterally and on entire basal one fourth, distinct black spot medially adjoining third tergite, T3 black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF197AB177D8FB8E" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
Head (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDAFF84FECA7AB1752CFC36" box="[276,366,932,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,271,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[151,1436,270,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953975/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Head 0.84 × as long as wide, coarsely rugose punctate, with median longitudinal carina in dorsal half; eyes densely setose; face with sparse pilosity; antenna 1.27 × as long as body in profile view. Ocellar region smooth and shiny (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDAFF84FE657AF97650FB8E" box="[443,530,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,271,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[151,1436,270,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953975/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). OOL: POL: OD 0.10: 0.22: 0.08.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF197D047492FAAE" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
Mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDAFF84FE8B7D0575EFFBA3" box="[341,429,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,271,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[151,1436,270,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953975/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma coarsely punctate and setose; punctations clear; scutellar sulcus with 10 costulae; scutellum coarsely punctate; mesopleuron rugose and punctate except for smooth glabrous median patch; metapleuron mostly punctate. Propodeum with strong medial longitudinal carina; coarsely punctate. Measurements: mesosoma in dorsal view 1.13 × as long as wide; hind femur 1.16: 0.29; hind tibia 1.29. Wings (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDAFF84FB607D697155FB1E" box="[1214,1303,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,271,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[151,1436,270,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953975/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Fore wing dusky, with dark apical patch, 2.57 × as long as wide; areolet small, triangular, slit-like; pterostigma (length: height) 0.79: 0.28. Fore wing vein length measurements: r 0.34; 1-R1 0.88; M+CU1 1.27; 2-SR 0.19; 2-M 0.14; 1-CU1: 2-CU1 0.23: 0.32; 1-SR-M 0.65; 2-SR-M 0.15; m-cu 0.2. Hind wing vein length measurements: 1-M 0.63; M+CU 0.39.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF197C2470D5F906" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="13232A4FFFDAFF84FE907C2575E7FAC2" box="[334,421,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,271,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-41@2.[151,1436,270,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diolcogaster pseudandamanensis Gupta sp. nov. A. Female in habitus, lateral view; B. Head in frontal view; C. Head in dorsal view; D. Fore wing; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953975/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). T1 0.56: 0.64, T2 0.39: 0.67; T3 0.48. Hind coxa 1.1, 1.96 × as long as T1, distinctly punctate and pilose. Inner hind tibial spur length: hind basitarsus 0.47: 0.62, inner tibial spur 0.75 × as long as hind basitarsus. Hind coxa reaching beyond T2. T1–T3 forming carapace; T1 1.15 × as wide as long, widening posteriorly, with median longitudinal groove, median groove diverging at apical margin and merging with apical margin respectively; distinct crenulae at T1 apical and T2 basal margin; T2 median length 0.9 × as long as T1, subequal to T3 median length, T2 slightly widening posteriorly, T2 with median groove widest a little below middle; lateral fields of T2 coarsely rugose with prominent longitudinal rugae converging towards centre of apical margin. T2 and T3 separated by deep crenulae at apical margin of T2 which is distinctly convex medially. T3 completely black, with smooth and shiny longitudinal groove; lateral sides with strong longitudinal striations converging towards centre of apical margin. T4–T6 brown in basal half and yellowish at apical margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDAFF84FF197F8D75C5F8EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF197F8D75C5F8EE" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF197F8D750DF93A" bold="true" box="[199,335,1688,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Comments.</emphasis>
This new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDAFF84FD777F8C70A1F93B" authority="Gupta &amp; Fernandez Triana, 2015" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Fernandez Triana" authorityYear="2015" box="[681,1251,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FD777F8C7729F93A" box="[681,875,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">D. andamanensis</emphasis>
Gupta &amp; Fernández Triana,
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</taxonomicName>
in the following set of characters: fore wing with apical patch without distinct borders; ratio of hind wing veins (1-M/ M+CU) 1.62; T2 with distinct median black patch covering majority of the area; T3 with prominent converging longitudinal rugae and without any punctations (
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FE377E107642F896" box="[489,512,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">vs</emphasis>
fore wing with apical patch with distinct borders; ratio of hind wing veins (1-M/ M+CU) 1.24; T2 with median apical black patch confined to apical one third region; T3 with prominent punctations in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDAFF84FF6A7E587534F8EE" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Fernandez Triana" authorityYear="2015" box="[180,374,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF6A7E587534F8EE" box="[180,374,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">D. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDAFF84FF197E7A7169F85A" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF197E7A701EF826" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<materialsCitation id="3B703C97FFDAFF84FF197E7A701EF826" collectingDate="2014-09-24" collectionCode="NBAIR" collectorName="Ankita Gupta &amp; Brac &amp; Micg &amp; Diol" country="India" county="Female" latitude="32.555794" location="Khajjiar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.06558" municipality="Chamba District" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF197E7A7574F802" bold="true" box="[199,310,1903,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<typeStatus id="54A38868FFDAFF84FF197E7A7570F802" box="[199,306,1903,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="62C64E46FFDAFF84FE9F7E6575D5F802" box="[321,407,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Female</collectingCounty>
;
<collectingCountry id="F30F765AFFDAFF84FE787E6575A6F802" box="[422,484,1904,1930]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">India</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49DCF828FFDAFF84FE2F7E657684F802" box="[497,710,1904,1930]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC3ACB0FFDAFF84FD0A7E6577D1F802" box="[724,915,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Chamba District</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8EC76011FFDAFF84FC7C7E657040F802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187DCFFDAFF87FF49787676EFFF5D:8EC76011FFDAFF84FC7C7E657040F802" box="[930,1026,1904,1930]" country="India" county="Female" latitude="32.555794" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.06558" municipality="Chamba District" name="Khajjiar" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Khajjiar</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C500DFFDAFF84FBCE7E6570F1F803" box="[1040,1203,1904,1931]" degrees="32.555795" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" precision="1" value="32.555794">32.555795° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C500DFFDAFF84FB1C7E65712CF803" box="[1218,1390,1904,1931]" degrees="76.0655834" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" precision="1" value="76.06558">76.0655834° E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFA6100AFFDAFF84FA5E7E657551F826" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" value="2014-09-24">
<collectingDate id="EFE2E9E2FFDAFF84FA5E7E657551F826" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" value="2014-09-24">24 Sept. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDAFF84FEC27E8175F1F826" box="[284,435,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Ankita Gupta</collectorName>
leg; (NIM), code—
<collectionCode id="ED09AE0FFFDAFF84FD4A7E8176A9F826" box="[660,747,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDAFF84FD2D7E817765F826" box="[755,807,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Brac</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDAFF84FCF17E81772BF826" box="[815,873,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Micg</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26ED531CFFDAFF84FCAC7E8177E1F826" box="[882,931,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Diol</collectorName>
/24914A (NIM).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDAFF84FF197EAD7169F85A" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,2003]" box="[199,1323,1976,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<materialsCitation id="3B703C97FFDAFF84FF197EAD7164F85A" box="[199,1318,1976,2003]" collectingDate="2014-09-24" collectionCode="NBAIR" collectorName="Ankita Gupta &amp; Brac &amp; Micg &amp; Diol" country="India" county="Female" latitude="32.555794" location="Khajjiar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.06558" municipality="Chamba District" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDAFF84FF197EAD7577F85A" bold="true" box="[199,309,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">
<typeStatus id="54A38868FFDAFF84FF197EAD7572F85A" box="[199,304,1976,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30F765AFFDAFF84FEE27EAD753BF85A" box="[316,377,1976,2002]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">India</collectingCountry>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD43FFDAFF84FE5D7EAC7640F85A" box="[387,514,1976,2003]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="195" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, code—
<collectionCode id="ED09AE0FFFDAFF84FCBD7EAD77F8F85A" box="[867,954,1976,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/Brac/Micg/Diol/24914B (NIM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026541FFD9FF87FF19798276EFFF5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFD9FF87FF19798276EFFF5D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFD9FF87FF197982750CFF39" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet “pseudo” is derived from the key attribute of this species in misleading its morphological appearance to
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFD9FF87FE3D79AE76EFFF5D" box="[483,685,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFD9FF87FE3D79AE76EBFF5D" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Fernandez Triana" authorityYear="2015" box="[483,681,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanensis">D. andamanensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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243
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<mods:title id="21CF76A6C0B78BBEE0F99119EF15DCEF">Two new species of the genus Diolcogaster Ashmead 1900 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Western Himalayas, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1651DD27D3D939E18DB09DE57F05131D">Sushil, S. N.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDFFF81FF497F067702F9A4" box="[151,832,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF497F067702F9A4" blockId="4.[151,832,1554,1581]" box="[151,832,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<heading id="D0EF81A6FFDFFF81FF497F067702F9A4" bold="true" box="[151,832,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FF497F067702F9A4" bold="true" box="[151,832,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FE437F0776F3F9A4" ID-CoL="45WR" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[413,689,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FE437F077674F9A5" bold="true" box="[413,566,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">Diolcogaster</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F30F765AFFDFFF81FD237F077702F9A4" box="[765,832,1554,1580]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3026541FFDFFF80FF497F4D71DFFCE5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" type="key">
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDFFF81FF497F4D71DEF902" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF497F4D71DEF9E5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1624,1675]" box="[151,1436,1624,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDFFF81FF497F4D71DEF9E5" box="[151,1436,1624,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">1a Scutellum shallowly or sparsely punctate or interstices smooth and shiny......................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF497F6071DEF902" blockId="4.[151,1436,1624,1675]" box="[151,1436,1653,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDFFF81FF497F6071DEF902" box="[151,1436,1653,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">1b Scutellum coarsely or densely punctate or rugose............................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDFFF81FF497FA571DEF977" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF497FA571DFF96B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1712,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDFFF81FF497FA571DFF96B" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
2a POL: OOL = 1; T1 rugulose with median longitudinal groove extending from base to apex; T2 with grooves/sulci converging towards the middle at apex.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FB5A7FD871DFF96B" authority="(Bhatnagar, 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Bhatnagar" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1156,1437,1740,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipika">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FB5A7FD871DFF96B" bold="true" box="[1156,1437,1740,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FB5A7FD8709DF96A" bold="true" box="[1156,1247,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. dipika</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDFFF81FB357FD871D7F96B" author="Bhatnagar, S. P." box="[1259,1429,1741,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" pagination="133 - 203" refId="ref5447" refString="Bhatnagar, S. P. (1950) Studies on Apanteles Forster (Vipionidae: parasitic Hymenoptera) from India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 10 (2), 133-203." type="journal article" year="1950">Bhatnagar, 1950</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF497FFF71DEF977" blockId="4.[151,1437,1712,1792]" box="[151,1436,1770,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDFFF81FF497FFF71DEF977" box="[151,1436,1770,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">2b POL: OOL less than 1; other characters differing.............................................................3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDFFF81FF497E3071DFF838" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF497E3071DEF8FC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1829,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDFFF81FF497E3071DEF8FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
3a Face transversely striated; POL: OOL = 0.86; T1 and lateral fields of T2 yellowish-brown, T2 with distinct dark brown median field, remaining metasoma mostly dark brown; 1CU1: 2CU1 subequal; hind coxa: T1 = 1.77; median length T2: T3 = 0.66................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FC0E7E7571DEF8FC" authority="Gupta &amp; Fernandez-Triana, 2015" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2015" box="[976,1436,1887,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FC0E7E7571DEF8FC" bold="true" box="[976,1436,1887,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FC0E7E75707CF8FD" bold="true" box="[976,1086,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. solitaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDFFF81FB9B7E4A71DEF8FC" author="Gupta, A. &amp; Fernandez-Triana, J." box="[1093,1436,1887,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" pagination="285 - 300" refId="ref5549" refString="Gupta, A. &amp; Fernandez-Triana, J. (2015) Four new species of the genus Diolcogaster Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from South East Asia with a key to the Indian species. Systematic Parasitology, 90 (3), 285-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-014-9546-8" type="journal article" year="2015">Gupta &amp; Fernández-Triana, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF81FF497E6871DFF838" blockId="4.[151,1437,1829,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDFFF81FF497E6871DFF838" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
3b Face longitudinally striated; POL: OOL = 0.69; T1, T2 and remaining tergites completely yellowish-brown; T2 with strong median field; 1CU1: 2CU1 = 0.67; hind coxa: T1 = 1.97; median length T2: T3 = 0.72....
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDFFF81FB8A7E8E71DFF838" authority="(Wilkinson, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1108,1437,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FB8A7E8E71DFF838" bold="true" box="[1108,1437,1946,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDFFF81FB8A7E8E70A3F838" bold="true" box="[1108,1249,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">D. tomentosae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDFFF81FB307E8F71D7F838" author="Wilkinson, D. S." box="[1262,1429,1946,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="198" pagination="275 - 285" refId="ref6002" refString="Wilkinson, D. S. (1930) New Braconidae and other Notes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 21 (3), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300021799" type="journal article" year="1930">Wilkinson, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDFFF80FF497EC071DEFF25" blockId="4.[151,1436,2005,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,173]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDFFF80FF497EC071DEFF25" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDFFF80FF497EC071DEFF25" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="4" pageNumber="198">4a T1, T2 and T3 not forming carapace...................................................................... 5 4b T1, T2 and T3 forming carapace........................................................................ 14</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDEFF80FF4979C771DEFE8D" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF4979C771DEFF60" blockId="5.[151,1436,210,261]" box="[151,1436,210,232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF4979C771DEFF60" box="[151,1436,210,232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">5a Length of inner spur of hind tibia more than half the hind basitarsus............................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF4979FA71DEFE8D" blockId="5.[151,1436,210,261]" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF4979FA71DEFE8D" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">5b Length of inner spur of hind tibia equal to or less than half the hind basitarsus..................................... 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDEFF80FF49783F71DEFED5" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF49783F71DEFEC8" blockId="5.[151,1436,298,349]" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF49783F71DEFEC8" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">6a T2 with weak median field............................................................................. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF49785271DEFED5" blockId="5.[151,1436,298,349]" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF49785271DEFED5" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">6b T2 with well-defined median field.........................................................................8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDEFF80FF49789671DEFE3D" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF49789671DFFE10" blockId="5.[151,1437,386,437]" box="[151,1437,386,408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF49789671DFFE10" box="[151,1437,386,408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
7a POL: OOL = 1.1; T1 nearly parallel sided, 2.5 × as long as its maximum width......
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDEFF80FBFC789771DFFE10" ID-CoL="6D6XK" authority="(Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1976)" baseAuthorityName="Rao &amp; Chalikwar" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1058,1437,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FBFC789771DFFE10" bold="true" box="[1058,1437,386,408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FBFC789770D4FE1F" bold="true" box="[1058,1174,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">D. punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDEFF80FB7A789771D7FE10" author="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R." box="[1188,1429,386,408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" pagination="439 - 445" refId="ref5786" refString="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R. (1976) Two new species of Protomicroplitis Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Microgasterinae). Oriental Insects, 9 (4), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1975.10434512" type="journal article" year="1976">Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF49788A71DEFE3D" blockId="5.[151,1437,386,437]" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF49788A71DEFE3D" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
7b POL: OOL = 1.28; T1 1.35 × as long as its maximum width...................................
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FB0D78B571DEFE3D" bold="true" box="[1235,1436,415,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDEFF80FB0D78B5710BFE3D" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Sushil" authorityYear="2025" box="[1235,1353,415,437]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FB0D78B5710BFE3D" bold="true" box="[1235,1353,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">D. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57A3FFDEFF80FA8E78B571DEFE3D" box="[1360,1436,416,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDEFF80FF4978CF71DEFD85" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF4978CF71DEFE67" blockId="5.[151,1436,474,525]" box="[151,1436,474,496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF4978CF71DEFE67" box="[151,1436,474,496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">8a Ratio of POL: OOL less than 1.5........................................................................ 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF4978E271DEFD85" blockId="5.[151,1436,474,525]" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF4978E271DEFD85" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">8b Ratio of POL: OOL equal to or more than 1.5.............................................................. 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDEFF80FF497B2771DEFD0A" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF497B2771DFFDED" blockId="5.[151,1437,562,643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF497B2771DFFDED" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
9a Apical portion of first abscissa of cubital, recurrent and first transverse cubital vein almost equal...............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDEFF80FB8D7B4571DFFDED" authority="(Wilkinson, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1107,1437,591,613]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plecopterae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FB8D7B4571DFFDED" bold="true" box="[1107,1437,591,613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FB8D7B4570A3FDED" bold="true" box="[1107,1249,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">D. plecopterae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDEFF80FB307B5A71D7FDED" author="Wilkinson, D. S." box="[1262,1429,591,613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" pagination="443 - 455" refId="ref5965" refString="Wilkinson, D. S. (1929) Seven new species of Braconidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 20, 443-455. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300021416" type="journal article" year="1929">Wilkinson, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF497B7871DEFD0A" blockId="5.[151,1437,562,643]" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF497B7871DEFD0A" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">9b Apical portion of first abscissa of cubital equal to recurrent but shorter than first transverse cubital.................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDEFF80FF497BBD71DEFD52" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF497BBD71DFFD35" blockId="5.[151,1437,679,731]" box="[151,1437,679,701]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF497BBD71DFFD35" box="[151,1437,679,701]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
10a Second abscissa of radius absent...................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDEFF80FB597BBD71DFFD35" authority="(Wilkinson, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1159,1437,679,701]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FB597BBD71DFFD35" bold="true" box="[1159,1437,679,701]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FB597BBD70A3FD35" bold="true" box="[1159,1249,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">D. indica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDEFF80FB307BB271D7FD35" author="Wilkinson, D. S." box="[1262,1429,679,701]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" pagination="171 - 178" refId="ref5920" refString="Wilkinson, D. S. (1927) On the Indo-Malayan species of the genus Microgaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 18, 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300019878" type="journal article" year="1927">Wilkinson, 1927</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF497BD071DEFD52" blockId="5.[151,1437,679,731]" box="[151,1436,709,731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF497BD071DEFD52" box="[151,1436,709,731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">10b Second abscissa of radius present........................................................................ 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30EC2E6FFFDEFF80FF497A1571DFFCE5" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF497A1571DFFCBA" blockId="5.[151,1437,767,877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF497A1571DFFCBA" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
11a 1-R1 1.35 × its distance from apex of radial cell; second abscissa of radius 1.5 × second transverse cubitus...................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDEFF80FBC57A0871DFFCBA" authority="(Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Rao &amp; Chalikwar" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1051,1437,796,819]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FBC57A0871DFFCBA" bold="true" box="[1051,1437,796,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FBC57A0870D7FCBA" bold="true" box="[1051,1173,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">D. orientalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDEFF80FB7A7A0871D7FCBA" author="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R." box="[1188,1429,796,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" pagination="102 - 115" refId="ref5739" refString="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R. (1970) Four new species of the Braconid genus Protomicroplitis Ashmead from India and a key to the Oriental species. Bulletin of Entomology, India, 11, 102-115." type="journal article" year="1970">Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736CAFFDEFF80FF497A2F71DFFCE5" blockId="5.[151,1437,767,877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<keyLead id="30E995FFFFDEFF80FF497A2F71DFFCE5" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
11b 1-R1 equal to distance from apex of radial cell; second abscissa of radius 0.5 × first abscissa and 0.66 × second transverse cubitus...............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C184D49FFDEFF80FBFE7A4D71DFFCE5" authority="(Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Rao &amp; Chalikwar" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1056,1437,855,877]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosa">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FBFE7A4D71DFFCE5" bold="true" box="[1056,1437,855,877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD8FFDEFF80FBFE7A4D70D4FCE5" bold="true" box="[1056,1174,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="199">D. rugulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B3BFFDEFF80FB7A7A4D71D7FCE5" author="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R." box="[1188,1429,855,877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="199" pagination="102 - 115" refId="ref5739" refString="Rao, S. N. &amp; Chalikwar, M. R. (1970) Four new species of the Braconid genus Protomicroplitis Ashmead from India and a key to the Oriental species. Bulletin of Entomology, India, 11, 102-115." type="journal article" year="1970">Rao &amp; Chalikwar, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
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</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="975A037166C475457AE2C14EAB322ADA">First record of the scuttle fly genus Peromitra (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to world species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E64FFD03BD6F9DC7D3AF9D7" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,358,1577,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dextra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E64FFD03BD6F9DC7D3AF9D7" bold="true" box="[151,358,1577,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Peromitra dextra</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD03BDEF9B87D5DF9F4" box="[159,257,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD03A4CF9B87D12F9F4" box="[269,334,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">2D–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD03A18F9B87DC5F9F4" box="[345,409,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">4D–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD03AE4F9B87D9BF9FB" box="[421,455,1613,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD03A92F9B87DBEF9F4" box="[467,482,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E64FFD03BD6F96078A2F8F0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E64FFD03BD6F96078A2F8F0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1685,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E64FFD03BD6F9607D4EF93C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1685,1711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from the other
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E64FFD03878F963785FF93C" box="[825,1027,1685,1711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E64FFD03878F9637FF7F93C" box="[825,939,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Peromitra</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characteristics: ocellar region distinctly protruded; anterior protrusion of ocellar region tapered anteriorly; hind tibia with single strong anterodorsal bristle except one preapical bristle; wing vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E64FFD038B8F905784EF96D" attach="left" box="[1017,1042,1776,1790]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">2+3</subScript>
absent; hypopygium asymmetrical; right epandrial lobe elongated posteriorly, with single elongated process slightly curved upwardly and blunt apically; left side of posterior margin of hypandrium with large hooked plate slightly depressed posteroventrally; aedeagus with two membranous apical processes, and numerous spinules on basal one-third of ventral margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E64FFD33B86F8987DFEFAEA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E64FFD33B86F8987ED6FAC6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1685,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1725]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E64FFD03B86F8987DFCF814" bold="true" box="[199,416,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E64FFD03971F8987ECDF81B" box="[560,657,1901,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="2.63">2.63 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E64FFD0399FF8987F42F814" bold="true" box="[734,798,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD0386BF8987FD5F814" box="[810,905,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD038D2F8987F8BF814" box="[915,983,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">2D–F</figureCitation>
). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles nearly straight. Vertex with distinctly raised ridge along posterior margin; ocellar region (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E64FFD03F69F84078C1F85C" box="[1064,1181,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Fig. 2D–F</figureCitation>
) distinctly raised, 1.7× wider than long; anterior ocellus oval, twice wider than long, as wide as lateral ocelli, protruded anterodorsally. First flagellomere dark brown, subglobose. Arista dark brown, located subapically. Palpus brown, with single long apical bristle and some shorter bristles along apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella pale yellow, short.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33E46FF4E793CFF46" bold="true" box="[1287,1376,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33E2EFF4E7CE6FF6A" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Scutum and scutellum blackish brown. Posterior margin of scutum without strong prescutellar bristles between post-alar bristles. Scutellum with anterior pair of long, narrow bristles and posterior pair of strong bristles distinctly longer than anterior bristles. Pleuron dark brown but lower part below one-third of anepisternum brighter. Upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD339E7FEBE7E82FEF6" bold="true" box="[678,734,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD339AFFEBE7F0CFEF6" box="[750,848,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD3381CFEBE7FFDFEF6" box="[861,929,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">4D–F</figureCitation>
). Blackish brown except fore tibia and tarsus yellowish brown. Fore tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33A98FE9A7E6CFE1A" box="[473,560,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) with single strong dorsal bristle on basal half, single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on apical half, one short dorsoapical seta, and two short posteroapical setae. Apical fore tarsomere slightly widened, with enlarged pulvilli. Midtibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33988FE427F40FE42" box="[713,796,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
) with single dorsal longitudinal setal palisade, single pair of dorsal bristles on basal quarter, one anteroventral preapical bristle, two long ventroapical spurs and one short ventral bristle near apical spurs. Hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD339C9FE0A7E80FD8A" box="[648,732,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades, one anterodorsal bristle on basal third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsoapical bristle, three ventroapical spurs, and some short posteroapical setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33AF8FDB37DA6FDF3" bold="true" box="[441,506,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33948FDB27E3EFDF2" box="[521,610,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E67FFD33934FDB27E85FDF2" box="[629,729,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.22" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="2.22">2.22 mm</quantity>
long (n=1). Costal index 0.45. Costal ratio 1.15:1. Costal setae of costal section III
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E67FFD33A36FD9E7D86FD16" box="[375,474,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine setulae on dorsal face except apical third. Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E67FFD33BA5FD547CA1FD3C" attach="left" box="[228,253,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">2+3</subScript>
absent. Apex of Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E67FFD33947FD547E7CFD3C" attach="left" box="[518,544,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">4+5</subScript>
not widened. Vein M
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E67FFD33851FD547F44FD3C" attach="left" box="[784,792,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. Seven alular setae present,
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E67FFD3389AFD47781DFD5E" box="[987,1089,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
long. Halter black.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33E69FD4779C1FD5F" bold="true" box="[1320,1437,690,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33BDEFD227CA5FD62" box="[159,249,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Tergites blackish brown, shiny. Venter of abdomen dark brown, with single pair of rounded sternite 6.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33BD6FD0F7D6FFC87" bold="true" box="[151,307,762,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33A05FD0E7D9FFC86" box="[324,451,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7A–D</figureCitation>
). Epandrium asymmetrical, dark brown, with some long hairs medially. Left epandrial lobe elongated posteriorly, pointed apically, with single short, posteriorly pointed process at posteroventral corner (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33BDEFCB67CA5FCCE" box="[159,249,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Right epandrial lobe elongated posteriorly, longer than left epandrial lobe, with single elongated process at posteroventral corner curved upwardly and blunt apically (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33813FC927F92FC12" box="[850,974,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium large, dark brown. Lower portion of hypandrium with single pair of lateral membranous lobe cordate, spinulose; anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe distinctly protruded anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD3385AFC5A7FC4FC5A" box="[795,920,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of left side of hypandrium broadened posteriorly, with large, hooked plate slightly depressed posteroventrally, flattened digitiform process in front of hooked plate in lateral view, and small, rounded process near posteroventral corner of lateral membranous lobe (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33B97FBEE7D6CFBA6" box="[214,304,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of right side of hypandrium somewhat depressed, with flattened digitiform process and small, rounded process near posteroventral corner of lateral membranous lobe, similar to left side (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33E74FBCA79D3FBCA" box="[1333,1423,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Single pair of small anteroventral processes near basal portion of phallapodeme present, highly sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33E2EFB967CE1FB32" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33867FB737FC5FB33" bold="true" box="[806,921,1158,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD338EAFB727878FB32" box="[939,1060,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
). Basically tubular, consisting of dorsal tube and ventral process protruded at basal one-third of dorsal tube. Dorsal tube elongated, slightly curved upwardly, with widened membranous apex; membranous apex with two small spines (one at ventrobasal portion and other at anterior end of dorsally extended membrane) (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD339BCFB067F0DFA9E" box="[765,849,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Ventral process mostly membranous except dorsal margin; basal end of ventral surface with numerous, sclerotized spinules (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD338A4FAE27866FAA2" box="[997,1082,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
); apex broadened horizontally, circular, spinulose on right side (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33947FACE7E21FAC6" box="[518,637,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-261@10.[151,1435,705,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypopygium of Peromitra dextra sp. nov., left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7D, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD33B86FAAA7DFEFAEA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,418,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33B86FAAA7D79FAEA" bold="true" box="[199,293,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E67FFD33B86FA7678FDFA0E" box="[199,1185,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD33B86FA7678FDFA0E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,1185,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33B86FA767D12FA0E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the distinctive process on right epandrial lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E67FFD33B86FA527DE1F99A" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD33B86FA527DE1F99A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33B86FA527DD6FA53" bold="true" box="[199,394,1446,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Type specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B163CE38E67FFD33ADDFA527DE1F99A" collectingDate="2023-07-03" collectingDateMax="2023-07-24" collectingDateMin="2023-07-03" collectionCode="NIBR" collectorName="S. Shin" country="South Korea" county="Sambong National Recreational Forest" elevation="737" latitude="37.86775" location="Gangwon-do" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.46178" municipality="Nae-myeon" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E67FFD33ADDFA527E5BFA52" box="[412,519,1447,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D78FD378E67FFD3395CFA527E68FA52" box="[541,564,1447,1473]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E67FFD3390DFA527EC9FA52" box="[588,661,1447,1473]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8EA160658E67FFD339EBFA527F63FA52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E64FFD33BD6F9DC7E03F92E:8EA160658E67FFD339EBFA527F63FA52" box="[682,831,1447,1473]" country="South Korea" county="Sambong National Recreational Forest" latitude="37.86775" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.46178" municipality="Nae-myeon" name="Gangwon-do" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Gangwon-do</location>
,
<location id="8EA160658E67FFD33817FA527851FA52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E64FFD33BD6F9DC7E03F92E:8EA160658E67FFD33817FA527851FA52" box="[854,1037,1447,1473]" country="South Korea" county="Sambong National Recreational Forest" latitude="37.86775" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.46178" municipality="Nae-myeon" name="Hongcheon-gun" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Hongcheon-gun</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5ACC48E67FFD33F65FA5278F6FA52" box="[1060,1194,1447,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Nae-myeon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A04E328E67FFD33F81FA527D2AFA76" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Sambong National Recreational Forest</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E67FFD33AC3FA397E43FA74" box="[386,543,1484,1511]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" precision="1" seconds="03.9" value="37.86775">37°52′03.9″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E67FFD3396DFA397E88FA74" box="[556,724,1484,1511]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" precision="1" seconds="42.4" value="128.46178">128°27′42.4″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E67FFD339A1FA3E7F77FA76" box="[736,811,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.37" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="737.0">
<elevation id="0053D18D8E67FFD339A1FA3E7F77FA76" box="[736,811,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.37" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="737.0">737 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC0107E8E67FFD33879FA3E7F8AFA76" box="[824,982,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" value="2023-07-03" valueMax="2023-07-24" valueMin="2023-07-03">
<collectingDate id="EF84E9968E67FFD33879FA3E7F8AFA76" box="[824,982,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" value="2023-07-03" valueMax="2023-07-24" valueMin="2023-07-03">3–24.vii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="523F4EA98E67FFD338A2FA3E782EFA76" box="[995,1138,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="268B53688E67FFD33F3EFA3E788DFA76" box="[1151,1233,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">S. Shin</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33F9BFA3E7950FA76" box="[1242,1292,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
. leg. [KNU-PHO 2024-0572] (
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE7B8E67FFD33A29FA1A7DEDF99A" box="[360,433,1519,1545]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">NIBR</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E67FFD33B86F9E67F9FF9BE" box="[199,963,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD33B86F9E67F9FF9BE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,963,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33B86F9E67D70F9BE" bold="true" box="[199,300,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Ecology.</emphasis>
Ecological information for the species is largely unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E67FFD33B86F9C278E1F90A" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD33B86F9C278E1F90A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33B86F9C27D67F9C2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is somewhat similar to European species
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E67FFD338DEF9C27951F9C2" authority="(Zetterstedt, 1848)" authorityName="Right" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[927,1293,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinifrons">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD338DEF9C2786AF9C2" box="[927,1078,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">P. carinifrons</emphasis>
(Zetterstedt, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
and Russian species
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E67FFD33BB1F9AE7E2CF9E6" authority="Michailovskaya, 2000" authorityName="Michailovskaya" authorityYear="2000" box="[240,624,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussurica">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33BB1F9AE7D37F9E7" box="[240,363,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">P. ussurica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E67FFD33A32F9AE7E2CF9E6" author="Michailovskaya, M. V." box="[371,624,1627,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref17988" refString="Michailovskaya, M. V. (2000) New species of Peromitra Enderlein (Diptera, Phoridae) from Russia. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 11, 165-169." type="journal article" year="2000">Michailovskaya, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which have similar morphology of left side of hypopygium, but can be readily distinguished by characteristics of ocellar region, right epandrial process and aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E67FFD33B86F9577E03F92E" box="[199,607,1698,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD33B86F9577E03F92E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,607,1698,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33B86F9577D3DF92F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1698,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E67FFD33A26F9567DF7F92E" box="[359,427,1699,1725]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Korea</collectingCountry>
(Gangwon-do).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="DFE0A905D70B12814EF92C13DBB0E7E9">First record of the scuttle fly genus Peromitra (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to world species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70D7295D7BE5BF9C3B2BB5DD7BFC0B41">Lee, Jun-Ho</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2575B1180DCCAAA474D7B331B8230086">Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9F7A9D3825DF6D6093FB1AA12F7B6620">Kim, Sam-Kyu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="63DAE2CB7405114AE9CE9416406EB28E">Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea. &amp; Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-resource Sciences, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D08981D28E67FFD33BD6F8F17E84F88D" bold="true" box="[151,728,1795,1822]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E67FFD33BD6F8F17E84F88D" ID-CoL="4F7BQ" authority="Nakayama &amp; Shima, 2002" authorityName="Nakayama &amp; Shima" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,728,1795,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
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<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33BD6F8F17DD5F88D" bold="true" box="[151,393,1795,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Peromitra fimbriata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E67FFD33AD0F8F17E84F88D" author="Nakayama, H. &amp; Shima, H." box="[401,728,1796,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" pagination="63 - 76" refId="ref18078" refString="Nakayama, H. &amp; Shima, H. (2002) Systematic study of the genus Peromitra Enderlein of Japan (Diptera: Phoridae). Entomological Science, 5, 63-76." type="journal article" year="2002">Nakayama &amp; Shima, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD33BD6F8DD7E4CF8D1" blockId="6.[151,728,1795,1859]" box="[151,528,1832,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33BDEF8DD7D5EF8D1" box="[159,258,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33A4EF8DD7D17F8D1" box="[271,331,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">2G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33A16F8DD7DCEF8D1" box="[343,402,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">4G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33ADFF8DD7D9FF8D0" box="[414,451,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">5D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33A8FF8DD7D81F8D1" box="[462,477,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E67FFD33AABF8DD7E5BF8D1" box="[490,519,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,1101,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-391@18.[201,1386,1101,1914]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holotype male of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, B). A, habitus; B, hypopygium; C, holotype labels. Abbreviations: ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Photograph provided by Takuji Tachi (Biosystematics Laboratory, Kyushu University)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954214/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">12</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E11908E67FFD33BD6F8987F8BF817" box="[151,983,1900,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF10AF8E67FFD33BD6F8987EFCF817" author="Nakayama, H. &amp; Shima, H." box="[151,672,1900,1925]" page="67" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" year="2002">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E67FFD33BD6F8987EFCF817" ID-CoL="4F7BQ" authority="Nakayama &amp; Shima, 2002: 67" authorityName="Nakayama &amp; Shima" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,672,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33BD6F8987D3FF817" box="[151,355,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Peromitra fimbriata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E67FFD33A28F8997EFCF817" author="Nakayama, H. &amp; Shima, H." box="[361,672,1900,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" pagination="63 - 76" refId="ref18078" refString="Nakayama, H. &amp; Shima, H. (2002) Systematic study of the genus Peromitra Enderlein of Japan (Diptera: Phoridae). Entomological Science, 5, 63-76." type="journal article" year="2002">Nakayama &amp; Shima, 2002: 67</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E67FFD339E8F8987E87F816" box="[681,731,1901,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Kyushu,
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E67FFD338D6F8987F88F817" box="[919,980,1901,1924]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36465358E67FFD23BD6F8477C88FE8E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E67FFD23BD6F8477C88FE8E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1970,2033]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33BD6F8477D4EF85F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1970,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from the other
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E67FFD33878F846785FF85E" box="[825,1027,1971,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E67FFD33878F8467FF7F85F" box="[825,939,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Peromitra</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characteristics: ocellar region slightly raised; male epandrium nearly symmetrical, epandrial lobe with densely covered numerous strong, fringed bristles; hypandrium nearly symmetrical, posterior margin rounded, without any hooked process; aedeagus basically tubular, slightly curved upwardly; dorsal plate of aedeagus extended to right side of core plate, with triangular process at apex of apical extension; core membranous plate of aedeagus with blunt apex.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E66FFD23BD9F8EE7805F8E8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1819,1916]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23BD9F8EE7D44F8A0" bold="true" box="[152,280,1819,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E66FFD23909F8E97EA2F8A0" box="[584,766,1819,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23909F8E97EF3F8A0" box="[584,687,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Peromitra</emphasis>
species
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from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E66FFD23F40F8B5780EF8C4" authorityName="Left" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1025,1106,1855,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23F40F8B5780EF8C4" box="[1025,1106,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">P. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D–F,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E66FFD23FD6F8B578ADF8C4" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[1175,1265,1855,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dextra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23FD6F8B578ADF8C4" box="[1175,1265,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">P. dextra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23FB6F8B57914F8CB" bold="true" box="[1271,1352,1856,1880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957D78E66FFD23FB6F8B57914F8CB" box="[1271,1352,1856,1880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; G–I,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E66FFD23ECBF8B57CA9F8E8" authorityName="Nakayama &amp; Shima" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23ECBF8B57CA9F8E8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">P. fimbriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; J–L,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E66FFD23A77F8917DC5F8E8" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[310,409,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galgori" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23A77F8917DC5F8E8" box="[310,409,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">P. galgori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23ADEF8917DACF8EF" bold="true" box="[415,496,1892,1916]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957D78E66FFD23ADEF8917DACF8EF" box="[415,496,1892,1916]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; M–O,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E66FFD23901F8917E92F8E8" box="[576,718,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multisetalis">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23901F8917E92F8E8" box="[576,718,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">P. multisetalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; P–R,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E66FFD23852F8917FDEF8E8" box="[787,898,1892,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussurica">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E66FFD23852F8917FDEF8E8" box="[787,898,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">P. ussurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars=0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0166368E69FFDD3BD9FA477E51F981" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" startId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E69FFDD3BD9FA477E51F981" blockId="8.[151,1437,1458,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3BD9FA477D45FA59" bold="true" box="[152,281,1458,1482]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Wings of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3AC2FA477E6BFA59" box="[387,567,1458,1482]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Peromitra species</taxonomicName>
from South Korea, dorsal view. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD38E3FA467FAFFA59" authorityName="Left" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[930,1011,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD38E3FA467FAFFA59" box="[930,1011,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male); B,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3F29FA4678E5FA59" authorityName="Left" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1128,1209,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3F29FA4678E5FA59" box="[1128,1209,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female); C,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3E03FA4679C0FA59" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[1346,1436,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dextra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3E03FA4679C0FA59" box="[1346,1436,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. dextra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3BD6FA237CB4FA7D" bold="true" box="[151,232,1494,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957D78E69FFDD3BD6FA237CB4FA7D" box="[151,232,1494,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(male); D,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3A1CFA227D88FA7D" authorityName="Nakayama &amp; Shima" authorityYear="2002" box="[349,468,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3A1CFA227D88FA7D" box="[349,468,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. fimbriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male); E,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3906FA227EF7FA7D" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[583,683,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galgori" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3906FA227EF7FA7D" box="[583,683,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. galgori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD39F0FA237F5DFA7D" bold="true" box="[689,769,1494,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957D78E69FFDD39F0FA237F5DFA7D" box="[689,769,1494,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(male); F,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3831FA227FA2FA7D" box="[880,1022,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multisetalis">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3831FA227FA2FA7D" box="[880,1022,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. multisetalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male); G,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3F32FA22795DFA7D" box="[1139,1281,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multisetalis">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3F32FA22795DFA7D" box="[1139,1281,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. multisetalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female); H,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E69FFDD3ECBFA227CB1F981" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussurica">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3ECBFA227CB1F981" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. ussurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male). Scale bars=0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E69FFDE3B86F9917DFEFADC" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E69FFDF3B86F9917D48FD3A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1636,2023]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,150,681]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3B86F9917DF8F9ED" bold="true" box="[199,420,1636,1662]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Body length mm (n=2).
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3981F9917F5CF9ED" bold="true" box="[704,768,1636,1662]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E69FFDD3851F9917F28F9ED" box="[784,884,1636,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E69FFDD38C3F9917F9CF9ED" box="[898,960,1636,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">2G–I</figureCitation>
). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles nearly straight. Vertex with slightly raised ridge along posterior margin; ocellar region (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E69FFDD3F6EF95978FCF955" box="[1071,1184,1708,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 2G–I</figureCitation>
) slightly raised, twice wider than long; anterior ocellus oval, twice wider than long, as wide as lateral ocelli, protruded anterodorsally. First flagellomere brown, subglobose. Arista brown, located subapically. Palpus yellowish brown, with single long apical bristle and slightly shorter bristles along apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella pale yellow, short.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3E05F8ED79C1F8A1" bold="true" box="[1348,1437,1816,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E69FFDD3BDEF8C97CA6F8C5" box="[159,250,1852,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Scutum and scutellum blackish brown. Posterior margin of scutum without strong prescutellar bristles between post-alar bristles. Scutellum with anterior pair of short, narrow bristles and posterior pair of long, strong bristles. Pleuron dark brown. Upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E69FFDD3F74F8717831F80D" bold="true" box="[1077,1133,1924,1950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E69FFDD3F3DF8717882F80D" box="[1148,1246,1924,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E69FFDD3FABF8717974F80D" box="[1258,1320,1924,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">4G–I</figureCitation>
). Blackish brown except fore tibia and tarsus yellowish brown and midtarsus brown. Fore tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E69FFDD3F27F85D789CF851" box="[1126,1216,1960,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
) with single strong dorsal bristle on basal half, single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on apical half, and two short posteroapical setae. Apical fore tarsomere widened, with enlarged pulvilli. Midtibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E68FFDC388EF9577876F92E" box="[975,1066,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
) with single dorsal longitudinal setal palisade, single pair of dorsal bristles on basal quarter, one anteroventral preapical bristle, one short dorsal seta, two short anteroventral setae near preapical bristle, two long ventroapical spurs and one short ventral bristle near apical spurs. Hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E68FFDC3AA8F8FB7E64F8BA" box="[489,568,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
) with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades, one strong anterodorsal bristle on basal one-third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsoapical bristle, three ventroapical spurs, and some short posteroapical setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E68FFDC3AFEF8A37E5CF8E3" bold="true" box="[447,512,1878,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E68FFDC3953F8A37E32F8E2" box="[530,622,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E68FFDC39C5F8A37F76F8E2" box="[644,810,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" metricValueMax="2.56" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="2.48" valueMax="2.56" valueMin="2.4">2.40–2.56 mm</quantity>
long (n=2). Costal index 0.44–0.46. Mean costal ratio 1.58:1; range 1.57–1.59:1. Costal setae of costal section II
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E68FFDC385CF88E7FE3F806" box="[797,959,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.10 mm</quantity>
long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine setulae on dorsal face except apical end. Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E68FFDC39E7F8447EE3F82C" attach="left" box="[678,703,1969,1983]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">2+3</subScript>
absent.Apex of Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E68FFDC3885F8447F82F82C" attach="left" box="[964,990,1969,1983]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">4+5</subScript>
not distinctly widened. Vein M
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E68FFDC3E7BF844791EF82C" attach="left" box="[1338,1346,1969,1983]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">1</subScript>
slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins yellowish brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. 6–7 alular setae present,
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E6BFFDF3A74FF627DC4FF22" box="[309,408,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
long. Halter black.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6BFFDF3934FF637EB6FF23" bold="true" box="[629,746,150,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF39B8FF627F0EFF22" box="[761,850,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Tergites blackish brown, shiny. Venter of abdomen dark brown, with single pair of rounded sternite 6.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6BFFDF39AEFF4F7FD7FF47" bold="true" box="[751,907,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF38DCFF4E7842FF46" box="[925,1054,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8A–D</figureCitation>
). Epandrium nearly symmetrical, brown. Each epandrial lobe shortly elongated posteroventrally, rounded apically, densely covered with numerous long, strong, fringed bristles apically (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF390BFEF67E94FE8E" box="[586,712,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium large, brown. Lower portion of hypandrium with single pair of lateral membranous lobe cordate, spinulose on posterior and ventral surface; anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe rounded (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF397FFEBE7EE5FEF6" box="[574,697,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8A, C</figureCitation>
). Posterior portion of left side of hypandrium expanded, directing posteroventrally, with rounded margin, with small, rounded ventral process near posteroventral corner of lateral membranous lobe (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF3A33FE667D92FE3E" box="[370,462,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Posterior portion of right side of hypandrium similar to left side but slightly larger, directing posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF3AD1FE427DB0FE42" box="[400,492,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). Single pair of small anteroventral processes near basal portion of phallapodeme absent (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF3BB0FE2E7D12FE66" box="[241,334,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6BFFDF38FFFE2F786DFE67" bold="true" box="[958,1073,474,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF3F02FE2E78E2FE66" box="[1091,1214,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
). Basically tubular, slightly curved upwardly, consisting of sclerotized dorsal plate and ventral plate surrounding core membranous plate; dorsal plate extended to right side of core plate, with narrow, pointed process protruded from middle and triangular process at apex of apical extension (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF39F3FDB27F72FDF2" box="[690,814,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8B, F</figureCitation>
); ventral plate extended apically but shorter than core plate, with single dorsally protruded sclerite at middle of left lateral margin (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6BFFDF38ACFD9E781CFD16" box="[1005,1088,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypopygium of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus.Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
); core plate membranous, with blunt apex.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0166368E68FFDC3BD9FA9579D7F9C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954198/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" startId="9.[152,255,1376,1400]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1352]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E68FFDC3BD9FA9579D7F9C3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1376,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E68FFDC3BD9FA957D44FAEB" bold="true" box="[152,280,1376,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Hypopygium and female postabdomen of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E68FFDC398BFA947F2CFAEB" authorityName="Left" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[714,880,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E68FFDC398BFA947F2CFAEB" box="[714,880,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Peromitra agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, left view (A, E, H), posterior view (B), right view (C, F), dorsal view (G) and ventral view (D, I). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus; G–I, female postabdomen with terminal segment fully protruded. Abbreviations (A–F): aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Abbreviations (G–I): bs=butterfly-shaped sclerite; imp=internal median process of abdominal segment 9+10; s9=sternite 9; sg7=abdominal segment 7; t8= tergite 8; t9=tergite 9. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.2 mm (A, C, D, G–I); 0.1 mm (B, E, F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0166368E6BFFDF3BD9F9287D78F83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" startId="10.[152,255,1757,1781]" targetBox="[151,1435,719,1734]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6BFFDF3BD9F9287D78F83A" blockId="10.[151,1436,1757,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6BFFDF3BD9F9287D44F965" bold="true" box="[152,280,1757,1782]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Hypopygium of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6BFFDF3A84F92B7E2FF965" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[453,627,1758,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dextra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6BFFDF3A84F92B7E2FF965" box="[453,627,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Peromitra dextra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6BFFDF3938F92B7E95F965" bold="true" box="[633,713,1758,1782]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957D78E6BFFDF3938F92B7E95F965" box="[633,713,1758,1782]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. White dotted line (A): process on left epandrial lobe. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–4: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0166368E6AFFDE3BD9FBAB7FAAFB71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954204/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" startId="11.[152,255,1118,1142]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1086]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6AFFDE3BD9FBAB7FAAFB71" blockId="11.[151,1437,1118,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3BD9FBAB7D44FBE5" bold="true" box="[152,280,1118,1142]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Hypopygium of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6AFFDE3A86FBAA7ECEFBE4" authorityName="Nakayama &amp; Shima" authorityYear="2002" box="[455,658,1119,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3A86FBAA7ECEFBE4" box="[455,658,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Peromitra fimbriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium; E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; cp=core membranous plate of aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1: small processes near lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Scale bars=0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6AFFDE3B86FAC07DFEFADC" blockId="11.[151,1437,1333,1863]" box="[199,418,1333,1359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3B86FAC07D79FADC" bold="true" box="[199,293,1333,1359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6AFFDE3B86FAAC7EBEF9B4" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6AFFDE3B86FAAC7E78FA04" blockId="11.[151,1437,1333,1863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3B86FAAC7DA5FAE0" bold="true" box="[199,505,1369,1395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Type specimen examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B163CE38E6AFFDE394AFAAC7E78FA04" collectingDate="1977-07-29" collectionCode="BLKU" collectorName="S. Ohara" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" location="Mt. Hakucho-zan" municipality="Izumi-mura" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kumamoto" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E6AFFDE394AFAAC7E2AFAE0" box="[523,630,1369,1395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D78FD378E6AFFDE39C4FAAC7EC0FAE0" box="[645,668,1369,1395]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E6AFFDE39EDFAAC7EACFAE0" box="[684,752,1369,1395]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Japan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCounty id="62A04E328E6AFFDE39BFFAAC7F04FAE0" box="[766,856,1369,1395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Kyushu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BAF85C8E6AFFDE3826FAAC7875FAE0" box="[871,1065,1369,1395]" country="Japan" name="Kumamoto" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Kumamoto Pref.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5ACC48E6AFFDE3F76FAAC78E2FAE0" box="[1079,1214,1369,1395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Izumi-mura</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA160658E6AFFDE3F8CFAAC79C4FAE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E67FFDE3BD6F8F17EF1F8D4:8EA160658E6AFFDE3F8CFAAC79C4FAE0" box="[1229,1432,1369,1395]" country="Japan" county="Kyushu" municipality="Izumi-mura" name="Mt. Hakucho-zan" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Kumamoto">Mt. Hakucho-zan</location>
,
<date id="FFC0107E8E6AFFDE3BD6FA887D45FA04" box="[151,281,1405,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" value="1977-07-29">
<collectingDate id="EF84E9968E6AFFDE3BD6FA887D45FA04" box="[151,281,1405,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" value="1977-07-29">29.vii.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268B53688E6AFFDE3A64FA887DDAFA04" box="[293,390,1405,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">S. Ohara</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE7B8E6AFFDE3A84FA887E4FFA04" box="[453,531,1405,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">BLKU</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6AFFDE3B86FA547EBEF9B4" blockId="11.[151,1437,1333,1863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3B86FA547E7AFA28" bold="true" box="[199,550,1441,1467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B163CE38E6AFFDE3976FA547CACF990" collectingDate="2023-09-22" collectingDateMax="2023-10-28" collectingDateMin="2023-09-22" collectionCode="NIBR" collectorName="J. H. Lee" country="South Korea" county="Mt. Jeongamsan" elevation="800" latitude="37.188614" location="Gangwon-do" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.87889" municipality="Gohan-eup" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E6AFFDE3976FA547EDCFA28" box="[567,640,1441,1467]" name="South Korea" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D78FD378E6AFFDE39D7FA547EE6FA28" box="[662,698,1441,1467]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EA160658E6AFFDE3990FA547F3AFA28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E67FFDE3BD6F8F17EF1F8D4:8EA160658E6AFFDE3990FA547F3AFA28" box="[721,870,1441,1467]" country="South Korea" county="Mt. Jeongamsan" latitude="37.188614" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.87889" municipality="Gohan-eup" name="Gangwon-do" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gangwon-do</location>
,
<location id="8EA160658E6AFFDE383CFA547874FA28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E67FFDE3BD6F8F17EF1F8D4:8EA160658E6AFFDE383CFA547874FA28" box="[893,1064,1441,1467]" country="South Korea" county="Mt. Jeongamsan" latitude="37.188614" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.87889" municipality="Gohan-eup" name="Jeongseon-gun" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Jeongseon-gun</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5ACC48E6AFFDE3F7CFA5478E0FA28" box="[1085,1212,1441,1467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gohan-eup</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A04E328E6AFFDE3F92FA5479C4FA28" box="[1235,1432,1441,1467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Mt. Jeongamsan</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E6AFFDE3BD6FA337D42FA72" box="[151,286,1478,1505]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" precision="15" seconds="19" value="37.188614">37°11′19″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E6AFFDE3A6CFA337D9CFA72" box="[301,448,1478,1505]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" precision="15" seconds="44" value="128.87889">128°52′44″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E6AFFDE3A8EFA307E40FA4C" box="[463,540,1477,1503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="0053D18D8E6AFFDE3A8EFA307E40FA4C" box="[463,540,1477,1503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC0107E8E6AFFDE396DFA307EB9FA4C" box="[556,741,1477,1503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" value="2023-09-22" valueMax="2023-10-28" valueMin="2023-09-22">
<collectingDate id="EF84E9968E6AFFDE396DFA307EB9FA4C" box="[556,741,1477,1503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" value="2023-09-22" valueMax="2023-10-28" valueMin="2023-09-22">22.ix–28.x.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="523F4EA98E6AFFDE39B5FA307FDAFA4C" box="[756,902,1477,1503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="268B53688E6AFFDE38D4FA30785EFA4C" box="[917,1026,1477,1503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">J. H. Lee</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3F4CFA33781EFA4C" box="[1037,1090,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">et al</emphasis>
. leg. [KNU-PHO 2024-0600] (
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE7B8E6AFFDE3BDEFA1C7CB4F990" box="[159,232,1513,1539]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">NIBR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
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,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5ACC48E6AFFDE39F5FA1C7F15F990" box="[692,841,1513,1539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Jinbu-myeon</collectingMunicipality>
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<elevation id="0053D18D8E6AFFDE3E0AFA1C79CBF990" box="[1355,1431,1513,1539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.98" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="898.0">898 m</elevation>
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<collectingDate id="EF84E9968E6AFFDE3BD6F9F87D61F9B4" box="[151,317,1549,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" value="2022-08-04" valueMax="2022-08-18" valueMin="2022-08-04">4–18.viii.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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,
<collectorName id="268B53688E6AFFDE3AA3F9F87E49F9B4" box="[482,533,1549,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Shin</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE395DF9FB7E11F9B4" box="[540,589,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">et al</emphasis>
. leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE7B8E6AFFDE39D2F9F87E8DF9B4" box="[659,721,1549,1575]" country="South Korea" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13456" name="Kyungpook National University" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="Herbarium">KNU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6AFFDE3B86F9C47F9FF9D8" box="[199,963,1585,1611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6AFFDE3B86F9C47F9FF9D8" blockId="11.[151,1437,1333,1863]" box="[199,963,1585,1611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3B86F9C47D70F9D8" bold="true" box="[199,300,1585,1611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Ecology.</emphasis>
Ecological information for the species is largely unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6AFFDE3B86F9A07861F8B0" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6AFFDE3B86F9A07861F8B0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1333,1863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3B86F9A07D67F9FC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1621,1647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although the overall morphologies of hypopygium of Korean specimens are identical to illustrations of Japanese specimens in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E6AFFDE3A87F98C7F59F900" author="Nakayama, H. &amp; Shima, H." box="[454,773,1657,1683]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" pagination="63 - 76" refId="ref18078" refString="Nakayama, H. &amp; Shima, H. (2002) Systematic study of the genus Peromitra Enderlein of Japan (Diptera: Phoridae). Entomological Science, 5, 63-76." type="journal article" year="2002">Nakayama &amp; Shima (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and the
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E6AFFDE382FF98C7F8CF900" box="[878,976,1657,1683]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6AFFDE3F16F98C78F0F900" box="[1111,1196,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,1101,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-391@18.[201,1386,1101,1914]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holotype male of Peromitra fimbriata, left view (A, B). A, habitus; B, hypopygium; C, holotype labels. Abbreviations: ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium. Photograph provided by Takuji Tachi (Biosystematics Laboratory, Kyushu University)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954214/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), the morphology of aedeagus differs from the illustrations of the Japanese authors, especially the position of pointed process on right side. This difference might be artifact due to different sample preparation methods (dried or preserved in ethanol) or geographic variations, but examination of the aedeagus of Japanese specimens (preferably
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E6AFFDE3FE9F9107956F96C" box="[1192,1290,1765,1791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen) is still warranted to confirm the possibility that Korean specimens are cryptic species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6AFFDE3B86F8D87EF1F8D4" box="[199,685,1837,1863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6AFFDE3B86F8D87EF1F8D4" blockId="11.[151,1437,1333,1863]" box="[199,685,1837,1863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6AFFDE3B86F8D87D3DF8D4" bold="true" box="[199,353,1837,1863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E6AFFDE3A26F8D87DF7F8D4" box="[359,427,1837,1863]" name="South Korea" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Korea</collectingCountry>
(Gangwon-do),
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E6AFFDE3927F8D87EF5F8D4" box="[614,681,1837,1863]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

319
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<mods:title id="DC596660D981E64F7D7CFFDA821F1F15">First record of the scuttle fly genus Peromitra (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to world species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C8C8BB56B4DFF69B7690BE1C182EC93">Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea. &amp; Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-resource Sciences, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6DFFD93BD6FF627D88FF22" blockId="12.[151,477,151,214]" box="[151,468,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
<heading id="D08981D28E6DFFD93BD6FF627D88FF22" bold="true" box="[151,468,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93BD6FF627D88FF22" bold="true" box="[151,468,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6DFFD93BD6FF627D33FF21" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,367,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galgori" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93BD6FF627D33FF21" bold="true" box="[151,367,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Peromitra galgori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957D78E6DFFD93A37FF627D88FF22" box="[374,468,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C36465358E6DFFD93BD6FF4E7D81FF46" box="[151,477,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6DFFD93BD6FF4E7D81FF46" blockId="12.[151,477,151,214]" box="[151,477,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD93BDEFF4E7CA2FF45" box="[159,254,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD93A4DFF4E7D1AFF46" box="[268,326,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">2J–L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD93A13FF4E7DD1FF46" box="[338,397,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">4J–L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD93AD9FF4E7DEBFF45" box="[408,439,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">5E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD93A84FF4E7D88FF46" box="[453,468,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36465358E6DFFD93BD6FEF67E5EFE42" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6DFFD93BD6FEF67E5EFE42" blockId="12.[151,1436,259,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93BD6FEF67D4EFE8E" bold="true" box="[151,274,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from the other
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6DFFD93878FEF1785FFE8E" box="[825,1027,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93878FEF17FF7FE8E" box="[825,939,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Peromitra</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characteristics: ocellar region slightly raised; first flagellomere brown; hind tibia with single strong anterodorsal bristle except one preapical bristle; wing vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E6DFFD93980FEAB7E86FEFF" attach="left" box="[705,730,350,364]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">2+3</subScript>
absent; hypopygium nearly symmetrical; epandrial lobe with densely covered strong, fringed bristles; posterior margin of hypandrium expanded posteroventrally, truncate; dorsal extension of aedeagus greatly elongated, bifurcated at middle, with upper branch long, downwardly hooked and lower branch short, pointed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6DFFD93BD9FA4A79C1F9F4" blockId="12.[151,1437,1471,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93BD9FA4A7D44FA44" bold="true" box="[152,280,1471,1495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Hypopygium of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6DFFD93A87FA357E23FA44" authorityName="Lee &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2025" box="[454,639,1471,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galgori" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93A87FA357E23FA44" box="[454,639,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Peromitra galgori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD939C4FA4A7E89FA44" bold="true" box="[645,725,1471,1495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957D78E6DFFD939C4FA4A7E89FA44" box="[645,725,1471,1495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6DFFD83B86F94C7DFEFB82" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6DFFD83B86F94C78F5FC7E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1721,2036]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,1545]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93B86F94C7DF9F947" bold="true" box="[199,421,1721,1748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E6DFFD93900F94C7EB9F947" box="[577,741,1721,1748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.925" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="2.925" valueMax="3.15" valueMin="2.7">2.70–3.15 mm</quantity>
(n=2).
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD9387AF94F7F27F947" bold="true" box="[827,891,1722,1748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD938CAF94C7FB7F947" box="[907,1003,1721,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD938BAF94F786BF947" box="[1019,1079,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">2J–L</figureCitation>
). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles nearly straight. Vertex with slightly raised ridge along posterior margin; ocellar region (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD93F8BF8F47965F88F" box="[1226,1337,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Fig. 2J–L</figureCitation>
) slightly raised, twice wider than long; anterior ocellus oval, twice wider than long, as wide as lateral ocelli, protruded anterodorsally. First flagellomere brown, subglobose. Arista brown, located subapically. Palpus brown, with single long apical bristle and some slightly shorter bristles along apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella pale yellow, short.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6DFFD93A77F8677DD3F83F" bold="true" box="[310,399,1938,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6DFFD93ADCF8647DADF83F" box="[413,497,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="123">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). Scutum and scutellum blackish brown. Posterior margin of scutum without strong prescutellar bristles between post-alar bristles. Scutellum with anterior pair of short, narrow bristles and posterior pair of long, strong bristles. Pleuron dark brown but lower part under one-third of anepisternum brighter. Upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD839EBFF627EBEFF22" bold="true" box="[682,738,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD839B3FF627F0EFF22" box="[754,850,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83820FF627FC2FF22" box="[865,926,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">4J–L</figureCitation>
). Blackish brown except fore tibia and tarsus yellowish brown and midtarsus brown. Fore tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD839A7FF4E7F6BFF46" box="[742,823,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
) with one or two strong dorsal bristle on basal half, single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on apical half, and two short preapical posterior setae. Apical fore tarsomere not distinctly widened, with enlarged pulvilli. Midtibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD838D7FEF67FACFE8E" box="[918,1008,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
) with single dorsal longitudinal setal palisade, single pair of dorsal bristles on basal quarter, one anteroventral preapical bristle, and two long ventroapical spurs. Hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83A23FEBE7DEBFEF6" box="[354,439,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
) with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades, one anterodorsal bristle on basal third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsoapical bristle, three ventroapical spurs, and some short posteroapical setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83BD6FE677C84FE3F" bold="true" box="[151,216,402,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83BA8FE667D62FE3E" box="[233,318,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E6CFFD83A16FE677DA0FE3E" box="[343,508,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.525" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="2.525" valueMax="2.55" valueMin="2.5">2.50–2.55 mm</quantity>
long (n=2). Costal index 0.40–0.44. Mean costal ratio 1.63:1; range 1.59–1.67:1. Costal setae of costal section II
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E6CFFD83942FE427EFBFE42" box="[515,679,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.085" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.10 mm</quantity>
long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine setulae on dorsal face except apical quarter.Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E6CFFD83A90FE187DB6FE68" attach="left" box="[465,490,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">2+3</subScript>
absent.Apex of Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E6CFFD839ABFE187F58FE68" attach="left" box="[746,772,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">4+5</subScript>
slightly widened. Vein M
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E6CFFD83F5CFE187879FE68" attach="left" box="[1053,1061,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins yellowish brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. 5–6 alular setae present,
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E6CFFD83E6DFE0A7C9FFDAE" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.165" valueMax="0.17" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.17 mm</quantity>
long. Halter black.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83AE4FDD77E46FDAF" bold="true" box="[421,538,546,572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD8396BFDD67E22FDAE" box="[554,638,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). Tergites blackish brown, shiny. Venter of abdomen dark brown, with single pair of rounded sternite 6.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD8394CFDB37EF5FDF3" bold="true" box="[525,681,582,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD839F9FDB27F6DFDF2" box="[696,817,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9A–F</figureCitation>
). Epandrium nearly symmetrical, dark brown. Left and right epandrial lobe fused dorsally, shortly elongated posteroventrally, rounded apically, densely covered with long, strong, fringed bristles apically (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD8394BFD7A7ED5FD3A" box="[522,649,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9A–D</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium large, dark brown. Lower portion of hypandrium with single pair of lateral membranous lobe cordate, spinulose on posterior and ventral margin; anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe rounded (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83965FD227EFEFD62" box="[548,674,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9B, D</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of each side of hypandrium nearly symmetrical, extended posteroventrally, truncate (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83971FD0E7EF7FC86" box="[560,683,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9B, D</figureCitation>
), with small, rounded ventral process near posteroventral corner of lateral membranous lobe (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83AF4FCEA7E79FCAA" box="[437,549,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
). Single pair of small anteroventral processes near basal portion of phallapodeme present, highly sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83A8DFCB67E1CFCCE" box="[460,576,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
). Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83FD3FCB77959FCCF" bold="true" box="[1170,1285,834,860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83E55FCB679CCFCCE" box="[1300,1424,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9G, H</figureCitation>
). Basically consisting of dorsal plate and ventral membranous plate. Dorsal plate ringed basally, greatly elongated posteriorly, bifurcated at middle, with upper branch long, downwardly hooked and lower branch short, pointed (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83E2EFC7E7CE1FC5A" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
). Ventral membranous plate attached on left side of dorsal plate, enlarged, folded few times, basally covered by wide sclerites; apical portion of ventral membranous plate with numerous spinules (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E6CFFD83F03FC2678C0FC7E" box="[1090,1180,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,489,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-122@12.[164,1423,489,1447]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypopygium of Peromitra galgori sp. nov., left view (A, B, G), posterior view (C), right view (D, H) and ventral view (E, F). A–F, hypopygium (B, E: dissected part of left epandrial lobe and hypandrium); G, H, aedeagus. Black dotted lines (D, F): broken margin of right hypandrium. Abbreviations: aed=aedeagus; dp=dorsal plate of aedeagus; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral plate of aedeagus. Arrow 1, 2: processes of hypandrium (1=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 2=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954208/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6CFFD83B86FC027DFEFB82" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1545]" box="[199,418,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83B86FC027D79FB82" bold="true" box="[199,293,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6CFFD83B86FBEE7E49FBCA" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6CFFD83B86FBEE7E49FBCA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83B86FBEE7D12FBA6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1051,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is derived from the Korean word “Gal-go-ri”, which means hook, refers to the hook-shaped process of aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6CFFD83B86FB967D2BFA9E" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6CFFD83B86FB967D2BFA9E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83B86FB967DD7FBEF" bold="true" box="[199,395,1122,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Type specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B163CE38E6CFFD83AD2FB967ED4FB56" collectingDate="2019-06-16" collectingDateMax="2019-06-19" collectingDateMin="2019-06-16" collectionCode="NIBR" collectorName="Nam &amp; Park" country="South Korea" county="Gwangyang-si" latitude="35.03136" location="Chusan-ri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.60689" municipality="Ongnyong-myeon" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jeonnam" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E6CFFD83AD2FB967DA2FBEE" box="[403,510,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D78FD378E6CFFD8394AFB967E7EFBEE" box="[523,546,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E6CFFD83971FB967E25FBEE" box="[560,633,1123,1149]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49BAF85C8E6CFFD839C5FB967F42FBEE" box="[644,798,1123,1149]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A04E328E6CFFD8386AFB967F8DFBEE" box="[811,977,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Gwangyang-si</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5ACC48E6CFFD8389FFB9678F1FBEE" box="[990,1197,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Ongnyong-myeon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA160658E6CFFD83FF8FB967976FBEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E6DFFD83BD6FF627F58F99A:8EA160658E6CFFD83FF8FB967976FBEE" box="[1209,1322,1123,1149]" country="South Korea" county="Gwangyang-si" latitude="35.03136" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.60689" municipality="Ongnyong-myeon" name="Chusan-ri" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Jeonnam">Chusan-ri</location>
,
<location id="8EA160658E6CFFD83E76FB967D26FB32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E6DFFD83BD6FF627F58F99A:8EA160658E6CFFD83E76FB967D26FB32" country="South Korea" county="Gwangyang-si" latitude="35.03136" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.60689" municipality="Ongnyong-myeon" name="Southern Experimental Forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Jeonnam">Southern Experimental Forest</location>
of
<collectingRegion id="49BAF85C8E6CFFD83ADDFB727D80FB32" box="[412,476,1159,1185]" country="South Korea" name="Seoul" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Seoul</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EA160658E6CFFD83AA3FB727EE3FB32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E6DFFD83BD6FF627F58F99A:8EA160658E6CFFD83AA3FB727EE3FB32" box="[482,703,1159,1185]" country="South Korea" county="Gwangyang-si" latitude="35.03136" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.60689" municipality="Ongnyong-myeon" name="National University" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Jeonnam">National University</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E6CFFD83988FB7D7F3AFB30" box="[713,870,1160,1187]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" precision="1" seconds="52.9" value="35.03136">35°01′52.9″N</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
<date id="FFC0107E8E6CFFD83F60FB727899FB32" box="[1057,1221,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" value="2019-06-16" valueMax="2019-06-19" valueMin="2019-06-16">
<collectingDate id="EF84E9968E6CFFD83F60FB727899FB32" box="[1057,1221,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" value="2019-06-16" valueMax="2019-06-19" valueMin="2019-06-16">16–19.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="523F4EA98E6CFFD83F8EFB727900FB32" box="[1231,1372,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="268B53688E6CFFD83E27FB7279C0FB32" box="[1382,1436,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Nam</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="268B53688E6CFFD83BF3FB5E7CB9FB56" box="[178,229,1195,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Park</collectorName>
leg. [KNU-PHO 2023-0632] (
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE7B8E6CFFD83976FB5E7EDCFB56" box="[567,640,1195,1221]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">NIBR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B163CE38E6CFFD839D3FB5E7D2EFA9E" collectingDate="2024-06-24" collectingDateMax="2024-07-25" collectingDateMin="2024-06-24" collectionCode="KNU" collectorName="Lee" country="South Korea" county="Mt. Chiaksan" elevation="395" latitude="37.405556" location="Gangwon-do" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.04973" municipality="Hakgokri" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E6CFFD839D3FB5E7EABFB56" box="[658,759,1195,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D78FD378E6CFFD83841FB5E7F79FB56" box="[768,805,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E6CFFD83871FB5E7F25FB56" box="[816,889,1195,1221]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8EA160658E6CFFD838C3FB5E784BFB56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E6DFFD83BD6FF627F58F99A:8EA160658E6CFFD838C3FB5E784BFB56" box="[898,1047,1195,1221]" country="South Korea" county="Mt. Chiaksan" latitude="37.405556" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.04973" municipality="Hakgokri" name="Gangwon-do" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Gangwon-do</location>
,
<location id="8EA160658E6CFFD83F61FB5E78D5FB56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E6DFFD83BD6FF627F58F99A:8EA160658E6CFFD83F61FB5E78D5FB56" box="[1056,1161,1195,1221]" country="South Korea" county="Mt. Chiaksan" latitude="37.405556" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.04973" municipality="Hakgokri" name="Wonju-si" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Wonju-si</location>
,
<location id="8EA160658E6CFFD83FD3FB5E796CFB56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E6DFFD83BD6FF627F58F99A:8EA160658E6CFFD83FD3FB5E796CFB56" box="[1170,1328,1195,1221]" country="South Korea" county="Mt. Chiaksan" latitude="37.405556" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.04973" municipality="Hakgokri" name="Socho-myeon" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Socho-myeon</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5ACC48E6CFFD83E7BFB5E7CF6FB7A" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Hakgokri</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A04E328E6CFFD83BF6FB3A7D0EFB7A" box="[183,338,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Mt. Chiaksan</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E6CFFD83A1FFB257DBAFB78" box="[350,486,1232,1259]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" precision="15" seconds="20" value="37.405556">37°24′20″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E6CFFD83AB3FB257ED8FB78" box="[498,644,1232,1259]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" precision="15" seconds="59" value="128.04973">128°02′59″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E6CFFD839D0FB3B7E87FB7A" box="[657,731,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="395.0">
<elevation id="0053D18D8E6CFFD839D0FB3B7E87FB7A" box="[657,731,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="395.0">395 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC0107E8E6CFFD839A6FB3B7FEDFB7A" box="[743,945,1230,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" value="2024-06-24" valueMax="2024-07-25" valueMin="2024-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EF84E9968E6CFFD839A6FB3B7FEDFB7A" box="[743,945,1230,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" value="2024-06-24" valueMax="2024-07-25" valueMin="2024-06-24">24.vi–25.vii.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="523F4EA98E6CFFD838FCFB3A7817FB7A" box="[957,1099,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, Jun-Ho
<collectorName id="268B53688E6CFFD83FF3FB3A7880FB7A" box="[1202,1244,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Lee</collectorName>
leg. [KNU-PHO 2024-0724] (
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE7B8E6CFFD83A69FB067D3AFA9E" box="[296,358,1267,1293]" country="South Korea" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13456" name="Kyungpook National University" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">KNU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6CFFD83B86FAE27F9FFAA2" box="[199,963,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6CFFD83B86FAE27F9FFAA2" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1545]" box="[199,963,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83B86FAE27D70FAA2" bold="true" box="[199,300,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Ecology.</emphasis>
Ecological information for the species is largely unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6CFFD83B86FACE7E81FA76" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E6CFFD83B86FACE7E81FA76" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83B86FACE7D67FAC6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1339,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Remarks.</emphasis>
This new species is somewhat similar to two Russian species
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6CFFD838BDFACE7930FAC6" authority="Michailovskaya, 2000" authorityName="Michailovskaya Fore" authorityYear="2000" box="[1020,1388,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD838BDFACE7836FAC6" box="[1020,1130,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">P. hastata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E6CFFD83F33FACE7930FAC6" author="Michailovskaya, M. V." box="[1138,1388,1339,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref17988" refString="Michailovskaya, M. V. (2000) New species of Peromitra Enderlein (Diptera, Phoridae) from Russia. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 11, 165-169." type="journal article" year="2000">Michailovskaya, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6CFFD83BD6FAAA7E41FAEA" authority="Michailovskaya, 2000" authorityName="Michailovskaya" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,541,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncinata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83BD6FAAA7D44FAEB" box="[151,280,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">P. uncinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E6CFFD83A60FAAA7E41FAEA" author="Michailovskaya, M. V." box="[289,541,1375,1401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref17988" refString="Michailovskaya, M. V. (2000) New species of Peromitra Enderlein (Diptera, Phoridae) from Russia. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 11, 165-169." type="journal article" year="2000">Michailovskaya, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which have long hooked aedeagus, but can be readily distinguished by tibial chaetotaxy, hypopygium, and short, downwardly curved lower branch of aedeagus (long, upwardly curved lower branch in
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6CFFD83A49FA527D2AFA52" authorityName="Michailovskaya Fore" authorityYear="2000" box="[264,374,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83A49FA527D2AFA52" box="[264,374,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">P. hastata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and without lower branch in
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6CFFD83983FA527F1CFA53" authorityName="Michailovskaya" authorityYear="2000" box="[706,832,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncinata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83983FA527F1CFA53" box="[706,832,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">P. uncinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6CFFD83F61FA5278D2FA52" authorityName="Michailovskaya Fore" authorityYear="2000" box="[1056,1166,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83F61FA5278D2FA52" box="[1056,1166,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">P. hastata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E6CFFD83F84FA52791FFA53" authorityName="Michailovskaya" authorityYear="2000" box="[1221,1347,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncinata">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83F84FA52791FFA53" box="[1221,1347,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">P. uncinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refer to the illustrations of
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E6CFFD83A2BFA3E7E3CFA76" author="Michailovskaya, M. V." box="[362,608,1483,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref17988" refString="Michailovskaya, M. V. (2000) New species of Peromitra Enderlein (Diptera, Phoridae) from Russia. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 11, 165-169." type="journal article" year="2000">Michailovskaya 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1–9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E6CFFD83B86FA1B7F58F99A" box="[199,772,1518,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E6CFFD83B86FA1B7D3DF99B" bold="true" box="[199,353,1518,1544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E6CFFD83A26FA1A7DF7F99A" box="[359,427,1519,1545]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Korea</collectingCountry>
(Gangwon-do,
<collectingRegion id="49BAF85C8E6CFFD8391DFA1A7EA4F99A" box="[604,760,1519,1545]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

266
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<mods:title id="82F8C02121D4FFBDC74A549A5B28967B">First record of the scuttle fly genus Peromitra (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to world species</mods:title>
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<heading id="D08981D28E71FFC53BD6FA147ECAFA68" bold="true" box="[151,662,1505,1531]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="127" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E71FFC53BD6FA147ECAFA68" ID-CoL="4F7BW" authority="Michailovskaya, 2000" authorityName="Michailovskaya" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,662,1505,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussurica">
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<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E71FFC53BD6FA147DDCFA68" bold="true" box="[151,384,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Peromitra ussurica</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E71FFC53BD6F9F07DA0F98C" blockId="16.[151,662,1505,1568]" box="[151,508,1541,1568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC53BDEF9F07D5EF98C" box="[159,258,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Figs. 1H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC53A4EF9F07D0CF98C" box="[271,336,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">2P–R</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC53A1AF9F07DC1F98C" box="[347,413,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">4P–R</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC53AE6F9F07D90F9B3" box="[423,460,1541,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">5H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC53A99F9F07DAFF98C" box="[472,499,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E71FFC53BD6F9BF7D07F9F2" box="[151,347,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Peromitra ussurica</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B163CE38E71FFC53A20F9BF7E24F9F1" box="[353,632,1610,1634]" country="Russia" location="Ussuriysk" pageId="16" pageNumber="127" specimenCount="1">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B4F8E71FFC53A20F9BF7E24F9F1" author="Michailovskaya, M. V." box="[353,632,1610,1634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref17988" refString="Michailovskaya, M. V. (2000) New species of Peromitra Enderlein (Diptera, Phoridae) from Russia. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 11, 165-169." type="journal article" year="2000">Michailovskaya, 2000: 167</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="54C5881C8E71FFC539C3F9BF7EE8F9F1" box="[642,692,1610,1634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
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,
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E71FFC538C7F9BF7F91F9F1" box="[902,973,1610,1634]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E71FFC53BD6F9657F36F8CD" pageId="16" pageNumber="127" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E71FFC53BD6F9657F36F8CD" blockId="16.[151,1437,1680,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E71FFC53BD6F9657D4EF939" bold="true" box="[151,274,1680,1706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from the other
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E71FFC53878F964785FF939" box="[825,1027,1680,1706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E71FFC53878F9647FF7F939" box="[825,939,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Peromitra</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characteristics: ocellar region distinctly protruded; lateral area between ocellar region and compound eyes concave, bare, highly sclerotized; hind tibia with single strong anterodorsal bristle except one preapical bristle; wing vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E71FFC53EC2F91F79C0F96B" attach="left" box="[1411,1436,1770,1784]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">2+3</subScript>
absent; hypopygium asymmetrical; right epandrial lobe extended posteroventrally, ventral margin curved upwardly, with single pointed process at posteroventral corner; left side of posterior margin of hypandrium with large hooked plate; right side of posterior margin of hypandrium not enlarged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E71FFC73B86F89D7FEAFC36" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="16" pageNumber="127" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E71FFC73B86F89D7D36FCAA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1680,2030]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,150,1077]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E71FFC53B86F89D7DFCF811" bold="true" box="[199,416,1896,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E71FFC53971F89D7ECDF811" box="[560,657,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="16" pageNumber="127" unit="mm" value="2.53">2.53 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E71FFC5399FF89D7F42F811" bold="true" box="[734,798,1896,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC5386BF89D7FD6F811" box="[810,906,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Figs. 1H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC538D5F89D7F8BF811" box="[916,983,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">2P–R</figureCitation>
). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles slightly recurved. Vertex with distinctly raised ridge along posterior margin; ocellar region (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E71FFC53F6CF84578C3F859" box="[1069,1183,1968,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[201,1386,453,1915]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocellar regions of male Peromitra species from South Korea, anterior view (A, D, G, J, M, P), dorsal view (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O, R). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q); 0.05 mm (C, F, I, L, O, R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954186/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="127">Fig. 2P–R</figureCitation>
) distinctly raised, 1.5× wider than long; anterior ocellus oval, 3× wider than long, twice wider than lateral ocelli, protruded anterodorsally; lateral area between ocellar region and compound eyes concave, bare, highly sclerotized. First flagellomere dark reddish brown, subglobose. Arista brown, located subapically. Palpus dark reddish brown, with single long apical bristle and some shorter bristles along apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella pale yellow, short.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E70FFC43E46FA4A793CFA4A" bold="true" box="[1287,1376,1471,1497]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43E2EFA4A7CE0FA6E" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). Scutum and scutellum blackish brown. Posterior margin of scutum without strong prescutellar bristles between post-alar bristles. Scutellum with anterior pair of short, narrow bristles and posterior pair of long, strong bristles. Pleuron dark brown but lower part under one-third of anepisternum brighter. Upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E70FFC43A13F9BA7DD6F9FA" bold="true" box="[338,394,1615,1641]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43AD9F9BA7DA6F9FA" box="[408,506,1615,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Figs. 1H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43947F9BA7E15F9FA" box="[518,585,1615,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">4P–R</figureCitation>
). Blackish brown except fore tibia and tarsus yellowish brown and midtarsus brown. Fore tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43A2CF9867D9EF91E" box="[365,450,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 4P</figureCitation>
) with single strong dorsal bristle on basal half, single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on apical half, and two short posteroapical setae. Apical fore tarsomere widened, with enlarged pulvilli. Midtibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43A4BF94E7D3AF946" box="[266,358,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
) with single dorsal longitudinal setal palisade, single pair of dorsal bristles on basal quarter, one anteroventral preapical bristle, one short anterodorsal seta, two long ventroapical spurs and one short ventral bristle near apical spurs. Hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43975F8F67ED0F88E" box="[564,652,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1435,309,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fore, mid- and hind tibiae of Peromitra species from South Korea, anterodorsal view (midtibia: B, E, H, K, N, Q; hind tibia: C, F, I, L, O, R) and posterodorsal view (fore tibia: A, D, G, J, M, P). A–C, P. agilis; D–F, P. dextra sp. nov.; G–I, P. fimbriata; J–L, P. galgori sp. nov.; M–O, P. multisetalis; P–R, P. ussurica. Scale bars=0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954192/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 4R</figureCitation>
) with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades, one anterodorsal bristle on basal third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsoapical bristle, three ventroapical spurs, and some short posteroapical setae.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E70FFC43A3CF8BE7DE2F8F6" bold="true" box="[381,446,1867,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43A8EF8BE7E77F8F5" box="[463,555,1867,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E70FFC43900F8BE7EFBF8F5" box="[577,679,1867,1894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="2.61">2.61 mm</quantity>
long (n=1). Costal index 0.43. Costal ratio 1.22:1. Costal setae of costal section III
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E70FFC43A17F89A7DE4F819" box="[342,440,1903,1930]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine setulae on dorsal face except apical one third. Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E70FFC43BA4F8537CA2F827" attach="left" box="[229,254,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">2+3</subScript>
absent. Apex of Vein R
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E70FFC4394CF8507E7BF820" attach="left" box="[525,551,1957,1971]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">4+5</subScript>
slightly widened. Vein M
<subScript id="17FA34FB8E70FFC4380DF8537F08F827" attach="left" box="[844,852,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">1</subScript>
slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. Six alular setae present,
<quantity id="4C869B5B8E70FFC4389DF842786DF841" box="[988,1073,1975,2002]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long (two of setae broken in
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43E31F8427CE1F865" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1458,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[151,1435,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Wings of Peromitra species from South Korea, dorsal view. A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954196/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
). Halter black.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E70FFC43A26F82E7D80F866" bold="true" box="[359,476,2011,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E70FFC43AAAF82E7E18F866" box="[491,580,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1329,1353]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,712,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-197@2.[151,1435,707,1303]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peromitra species from South Korea, lateral view.A, P. agilis (male); B, P. agilis (female); C, P. dextra sp. nov. (male); D, P. fimbriata (male); E, P. galgori sp. nov. (male); F, P. multisetalis (male); G, P. multisetalis (female); H, P. ussurica (male). Scale bars=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954184/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). Tergites blackish brown, shiny. Venter of abdomen dark brown, with single pair of rounded sternite 6.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73A82FF637E03FF23" bold="true" box="[451,607,150,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC7392EFF627EA6FF22" box="[623,762,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11A–D</figureCitation>
). Epandrium asymmetrical, dark brown. Left epandrial lobe elongated posteriorly, pointed apically, with some long hairs basally; ventral margin of left epandrial lobe slightly extended, rounded (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73A33FF2A7D8BFF6A" box="[370,471,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
). Right epandrial lobe greatly extended and broadened posteroventrally, with some long hairs basally and some straight carinae near ventral margin converged into posteroventral corner of epandrial lobe (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73BDEFED27D7FFED2" box="[159,291,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11B, C</figureCitation>
); ventral margin of lobe curved upwardly, rounded, with single pointed process at posteroventral corner (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73BDEFEBE7D5AFEF6" box="[159,262,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium large, dark brown. Lower portion of hypandrium with single pair of lateral membranous lobe cordate, spinulose except anteroventral portion (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC739BDFE9A7FD6FE1A" box="[764,906,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11A, C</figureCitation>
); anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe distinctly protruded anteriorly, with single small, rounded process on ventrobasal surface (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73FFCFE66797FFE3E" box="[1213,1315,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of left side of hypandrium expanded posteriorly, with large, hooked plate, flattened digitiform process under hooked plate, and small, elongated ventral process near posteroventral corner of lateral membranous lobe (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73E2EFE2E7C96FD8A" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of right side of hypandrium without hooked plate, with flattened digitiform process and small elongated process near posteroventral corner of lateral membranous lobe similar to left side (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73F9CFDD6791DFDAE" box="[1245,1345,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). Single pair of small anteroventral processes near basal portion of phallapodeme present, highly sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73E64FDB279D3FDF2" box="[1317,1423,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
). Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs.
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73993FD9F7F19FD17" bold="true" box="[722,837,618,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73815FD9E7F88FD16" box="[852,980,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11E, F</figureCitation>
). Basically tubular, elongated, consisting of dorsal tube and ventral process protruding at middle of dorsal tube. Dorsal tube slightly curved upwardly, with apical portion broadened longitudinally; apical extension of dorsal tube less sclerotized, right side with single long, less sclerotized spine at middle and single short, highly sclerotized spine near serrated ventral margin (
<figureCitation id="13452A3B8E73FFC73E6AFD2279CCFD62" box="[1323,1424,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[177,1423,197,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[164,1423,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hypopygium of Peromitra ussurica, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954212/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
). Ventral process mostly membranous except dorsal margin, with feathery dorsal apex and perpendicularly protruded ventral membrane.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E70FFC43BD9FBAC7D7AFBE2" bold="true" box="[152,294,1113,1137]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Hypopygium of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E70FFC43A9AFBAF7EFDFBE2" box="[475,673,1114,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussurica">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E70FFC43A9AFBAF7EFDFBE2" box="[475,673,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Peromitra ussurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, left view (A, E), posterior view (B), right view (C, F) and ventral view (D). A–D, hypopygium (aedeagus dissected); E, F, aedeagus. Abbreviations: aaed=attachment point of aedeagus; dt=dorsal tube of aedeagus; ell=left epandrial lobe; elr=right epandrial lobe; ep=epandrium; hyp=hypandrium; lml=lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; vp=ventral process of aedeagus. Arrow 1–5: processes of hypandrium (1=hooked plate; 2=digitiform process; 3=small process near lateral membranous lobe; 4=small lobe on anteroventral portion of lateral membranous lobe; 5=anteroventral process near phallapodeme). Scale bars=0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E73FFC73B86FCB67DFEFCCE" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1077]" box="[199,418,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73B86FCB67D79FCCE" bold="true" box="[199,293,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E73FFC73B86FC937FEAFC36" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73B86FC937DE4FC13" bold="true" box="[199,440,870,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Specimen examined.</emphasis>
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:
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,
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,
<location id="8EA160658E73FFC73997FC927F64FC12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787A88E71FFC73BD6FA147F72FBA6:8EA160658E73FFC73997FC927F64FC12" box="[726,824,871,897]" country="South Korea" county="Hangye-ri" latitude="38.14625" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.2632" municipality="Buk-myeon" name="Inje-gun" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Inje-gun</location>
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,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A50798E73FFC73FB1FC9D79CBFC10" box="[1264,1431,872,899]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" precision="1" seconds="47.5" value="128.2632">128°15′47.5″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFC0107E8E73FFC73BD6FC7E7D4EFC36" box="[151,274,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" value="2018-11-22">
<collectingDate id="EF84E9968E73FFC73BD6FC7E7D4EFC36" box="[151,274,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" value="2018-11-22">22.xi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="523F4EA98E73FFC73A5CFC7E7DF7FC36" box="[285,427,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
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leg. [KNU-PHO 2023-0685] (
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)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E73FFC73B86FC5A7F9FFC5A" box="[199,963,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E73FFC73B86FC5A7F9FFC5A" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1077]" box="[199,963,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73B86FC5A7D70FC5A" bold="true" box="[199,300,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Ecology.</emphasis>
Ecological information for the species is largely unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E73FFC73B86FC267900FB82" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E73FFC73B86FC267900FB82" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73B86FC267D67FC7E" bold="true" box="[199,315,979,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Remarks.</emphasis>
The overall morphology of hypopygium is similar to European species
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D3D8E73FFC73F32FC267C85FB82" authority="(Zetterstedt, 1848)" authorityName="Right" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Peromitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinifrons">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73F32FC267957FC7E" box="[1139,1291,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">P. carinifrons</emphasis>
(Zetterstedt, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
but can be readily distinguished by characteristics of ocellar region, right epandrial lobe and aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465358E73FFC73B86FBEF7F72FBA6" box="[199,814,1050,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC136BE8E73FFC73B86FBEF7F72FBA6" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1077]" box="[199,814,1050,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B90AEAAC8E73FFC73B86FBEF7D3DFBA7" bold="true" box="[199,353,1050,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E73FFC73A26FBEE7DF7FBA6" box="[359,427,1051,1077]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Korea</collectingCountry>
(Gangwon-do),
<collectingCountry id="F369762E8E73FFC73927FBEE7EEDFBA6" box="[614,689,1051,1077]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Russia</collectingCountry>
(Far East).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="03DFB142654AFFC0FF5B34C5FC85DCBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB142654AFFC0FF5B34C5FC85DCBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFB142654AFFC0FF5B34C5FC85DCBF" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF654AFFC2FF5B34C5FCDBDAE2" box="[151,792,1169,1196]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC90054654AFFC2FF5B34C5FCDBDAE2" blockId="25.[151,792,1169,1231]" box="[151,792,1169,1196]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<heading id="D081B738654AFFC2FF5B34C5FCDBDAE2" bold="true" box="[151,792,1169,1196]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FF5B34C5FCDBDAE2" bold="true" box="[151,792,1169,1196]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FF5B34C5FD90DAE5" ID-CoL="3ND4B" authority="(Keferstein, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,595,1169,1195]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacina">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FF5B34C5FEAFDAE5" bold="true" box="[151,364,1169,1195]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Litoria mystacina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FEB734C5FD88DAE5" author="Keferstein, W." box="[379,587,1169,1195]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" pagination="342 - 361" refId="ref30640" refString="Keferstein, W. (1867) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Batrachier aus Australien und dem tropischen Amerika. Nachrichten von der Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der G. A. Universitat zu Gottingen, 18, 342-361." type="journal article" year="1867">Keferstein, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FDAD34C6FCDBDAE2" bold="true" box="[609,792,1169,1196]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">nomen dubium</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF654AFFC2FF5B34E1FF24DA81" box="[151,231,1205,1231]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC90054654AFFC2FF5B34E1FF24DA81" blockId="25.[151,792,1169,1231]" box="[151,231,1205,1231]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1654AFFC2FF5B34E1FF24DA81" box="[151,231,1205,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[445,1152,309,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-93@26.[435,1152,309,1648]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral photos of the Litoria (Hyla) mystacina holotype (ZMFK 28810) in preservation (photos M. Flecks)." pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF654AFFC2FF5B34A9FBC2DB75" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC90054654AFFC2FF5B34A9FBC2DB75" blockId="25.[151,1437,1277,2024]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A09654AFFC2FF5B34A9FBC2DB75" collectionCode="ZMG" country="Australia" location="Bernhard Rudolf Schutte" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" specimenCode="ZMFK 28810, ZMG 102" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FF5B34A9FEC8DB59" bold="true" box="[151,267,1277,1303]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF6654AFFC2FF5B34A9FEC5DB59" box="[151,262,1277,1303]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F654AFFC2FEDD34AAFE68DB59" box="[273,427,1277,1304]" collectionCode="ZMFK" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">ZMFK 28810</specimenCode>
(ex Zoologischen Museums Göttingen (
<collectionCode id="ED679891654AFFC2FCA634A9FC6FDB59" box="[874,940,1277,1303]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gs4h-1fee" name="Zoologischen Museums Greifswald" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">ZMG</collectionCode>
) specimen
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F654AFFC2FBE634A9FB58DB59" box="[1066,1179,1277,1303]" collectionCode="ZMG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gs4h-1fee" name="Zoologischen Museums Greifswald" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">ZMG 102</specimenCode>
e), collected in 1864 by
<location id="8EA9568F654AFFC2FF5B3575FE6CDB75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB142654AFFC0FF5B34C5FC85DCBF:8EA9568F654AFFC2FF5B3575FE6CDB75" box="[151,431,1313,1339]" country="Australia" name="Bernhard Rudolf Schutte" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Bernhard Rudolf Schütte</location>
with the locality described as “
<collectingCountry id="F36140C4654AFFC2FCC23575FC4BDB75" box="[782,904,1313,1339]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Australien</collectingCountry>
” (
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1654AFFC2FC6D3575FC37DB75" box="[929,1012,1313,1339]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[445,1152,309,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-93@26.[435,1152,309,1648]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral photos of the Litoria (Hyla) mystacina holotype (ZMFK 28810) in preservation (photos M. Flecks)." pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF654AFFC2FF0B3511FC89DBE6" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC90054654AFFC2FF0B3511FC89DBE6" blockId="25.[151,1437,1277,2024]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FF0B3511FD95DB11" bold="true" box="[199,598,1349,1375]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
Measurements (mm) of
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF6654AFFC2FE243511FD92DB11" box="[488,593,1349,1375]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
SUL 33.7, FOL 19.8, TIB 13.2, FEL 12.3, LAL 6.1, UAL 4.8, HDW 9.8, DFE 6.0, IOD 3.9, IND 1.8, HDL 8.8, HD 4.9, SNT 4.3, EN 3.2, NS 0.8, EYE 2.6, TEY 1.0, TMP 2.1, 3TL 8.2, 3FDW 1.6, 3FW 0.9, PL 10.1, 4TDW 1.3, 4TW 1.2, IMT 1.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF654AFFC0FF0B35E5FC85DCBF" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC90054654AFFC2FF0B35E5FDB7D886" blockId="25.[151,1437,1277,2024]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FF0B35E5FEF8DB85" bold="true" box="[199,315,1457,1483]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was described from a specimen (originally Zoologischen Museums Göttingen 102e, subsequently transferred to the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, where it is ZMFK 28810) with the given locality “
<collectingCountry id="F36140C4654AFFC2FEBD35ADFE2DD85D" box="[369,494,1529,1555]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Australien</collectingCountry>
”. The species was first placed in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FBF535AEFB3AD85D" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[1081,1273,1529,1555]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="freycineti">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FBF535AEFB3AD85D" box="[1081,1273,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Litoria freycineti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FAE435ADFF27D879" author="Boulenger" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" refId="ref28612" refString="Boulenger (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. 2 nd ed. Trustees of the British Museum, London, xvi + 503 pp p." type="book" year="1882">Boulenger (1882)</bibRefCitation>
, a synonymy repeated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FDD83649FD78D879" author="Nieden, F." box="[532,699,1565,1591]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref32136" refString="Nieden, F. (1923) Amphibia. Anura I. Subordo Aglossa und Phaneroglossa. Sectio I Arcifera. Das Tierreich, 46, i - xxxii + 1-584. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111434582" type="journal article" year="1923">Nieden (1923)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FD063649FCBED876" author="Copland, S. J." box="[714,893,1565,1592]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" pagination="9 - 108" refId="ref29335" refString="Copland, S. J. (1957) Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 82, 9-108." type="journal article" year="1957">Copland (1957)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FC743649FB2AD879" author="Bohme, W. &amp; Bischoff, W." box="[952,1257,1565,1591]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" pagination="151 - 213" refId="ref28484" refString="Bohme, W. &amp; Bischoff, W. (1984) Reptilien und Amphibien. In: Die Wirbeltiersammlungen des Museums Alexander Koenig. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 19, pp. 151-213." type="journal article" year="1984">Böhme &amp; Bischoff (1984)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FB3A364AFA5BD879" author="Moore, J. A." box="[1270,1432,1565,1592]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" pagination="149 - 386" refId="ref32034" refString="Moore, J. A. (1961) The frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 121, 149-386." type="journal article" year="1961">Moore (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, based on the characters noted in the description, expressed doubt on this synonymy and recommended that the
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF6654AFFC2FF5B3632FF04D8CE" box="[151,199,1638,1664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">type</typeStatus>
be re-examined. This was done by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FD953631FC83D831" author="Cogger, H. G. &amp; Cameron, E. E. &amp; Cogger, H. M." box="[601,832,1637,1664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" refId="ref29275" refString="Cogger, H. G., Cameron, E. E. &amp; Cogger, H. M. (1983) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, vi + 313 pp. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004626614_003" type="book" year="1983">
Cogger
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FD7F3632FD26D831" box="[691,741,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, who placed the name in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FAEA3632FA56D831" box="[1318,1429,1637,1663]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FAEA3632FA56D831" box="[1318,1429,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonymy repeated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FE7936DDFD9FD8ED" author="Bohme, W." box="[437,604,1673,1699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" refId="ref28461" refString="Bohme, W. (2014) Herpetology in Bonn. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde, Mannheim, 256 pp." type="book" year="2014">Böhme (2014)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5654AFFC2FDA436DDFCCED8ED" author="Bohme, W." box="[616,781,1673,1699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" pagination="70 - 108" refId="ref28425" refString="Bohme, W. (2010) A list of the herpetological type specimens in the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 59 (1), 70-108." type="journal article" year="2010">Böhme (2010)</bibRefCitation>
was unwilling to assign it to either, and merely listed the current status of the name as
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FE1236FAFDAED889" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[478,621,1710,1735]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacina">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FE1236FAFDAED889" box="[478,621,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">L. mystacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054654AFFC1FF0B3686FEB5DF53" blockId="25.[151,1437,1277,2024]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
We have examined the
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF6654AFFC2FE093685FDE4D8A5" box="[453,551,1745,1771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and agree that it is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FC623686FBD9D8A5" box="[942,1050,1745,1771]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FC623686FBD9D8A5" box="[942,1050,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, which also includes the
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FF0D36A2FEF1D941" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[193,306,1781,1807]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FF0D36A2FEF1D941" box="[193,306,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">L. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex. However, the specimen is faded, soft, and based on the lack of any trace of nuptial pads, a female. Because of the poor pigmentation of the specimen and the soft state of preservation making precise measurements difficult, we are unable to confidently place it with any particular species or population within the
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FF5B3736FEC5D935" box="[151,262,1889,1915]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FF5B3736FEC5D935" box="[151,262,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group in the absence of a specific collection locality. Identification of the specimen as
<emphasis id="B902DC46654AFFC2FAE23736FECAD9D1" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7654AFFC2FAE23736FA5FD935" box="[1326,1436,1889,1915]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">L. rubella</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D654AFFC2FF5B37D2FECAD9D1" box="[151,265,1925,1951]" pageId="25" pageNumber="294" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is uncertain based on the known movements of the collector, Dr. Bernhard Rudolf Schütte. Schütte was in
<collectingCountry id="F36140C4654AFFC2FF7E37FDFEDAD98D" box="[178,281,1961,1987]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="294">Australia</collectingCountry>
for two periods. In the first, between 1859 and 1862, he arrived in Adelaide, and left from Sydney, and was in Sydney by 1861. At this time, he had qualifications in pharmacy and presumably worked as a pharmacist. On his return to
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46549FFC1FE8130C3FE75DEFF" box="[333,438,151,177]" name="Germany" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">Germany</collectingCountry>
, he completed his medical degree, and returned to
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46549FFC1FC2730C3FB91DEFF" box="[1003,1106,151,177]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">Australia</collectingCountry>
in 1867 to practice medicine, departing permanently in 1884 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56549FFC1FDCC30EFFD1FDE9B" author="Rowley, J. J. L. &amp; Mahony, M. J. &amp; Hines, H. B. &amp; Myers, S. &amp; Price, L. C. &amp; Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C." box="[512,732,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32792" refString="Rowley, J. J. L., Mahony, M. J., Hines, H. B., Myers, S., Price, L. C., Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C. (2021) Two new frog species from the Litoria rubella species group from eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 5071 (1), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Rowley
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FDAD30EFFD5ADE9B" box="[609,665,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56549FFC1FD2430EFFC76DE9B" author="Parkin, T. &amp; Rowley, J. J. L. &amp; Gillard, G. L. &amp; Sopniewski, J. &amp; Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C." box="[744,949,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" pagination="76 - 105" refId="ref32180" refString="Parkin, T., Rowley, J. J. L., Gillard, G. L., Sopniewski, J., Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C. (2024) Systematics and Taxonomy of the Northern Banjo Frog (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Limnodynastes terraereginae) and Allied Taxa. Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology, 112 (1), 76-105. https://doi.org/10.1643/h2023025" type="journal article" year="2024">
Parkin
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FCF430EFFCB2DE9B" box="[824,881,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF66549FFC1FC3730EFFB9EDE9B" box="[1019,1117,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has a nominal date of 1864, after Schütte’s return to
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46549FFC1FE64308BFDD3DEB7" box="[424,528,223,249]" name="Germany" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">Germany</collectingCountry>
between his periods in
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46549FFC1FCD6308BFC47DEB7" box="[794,900,223,249]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and this is likely a date of donation rather than a year of collection.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0950DC6549FFC1FF5B36D3FE21D88D" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" startId="26.[151,250,1671,1695]" targetBox="[445,1152,309,1648]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC900546549FFC1FF5B36D3FE21D88D" blockId="26.[151,1437,1671,1731]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FF5B36D3FEDED8D1" bold="true" box="[151,285,1671,1695]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FEE236D3FE92D8D1" bold="true" box="[302,337,1671,1695]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">(A)</emphasis>
Dorsal,
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FE6336D3FE12D8D1" bold="true" box="[431,465,1671,1695]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">(B)</emphasis>
ventral, and
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FDAC36D3FD47D8D1" bold="true" box="[608,644,1671,1695]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">(C)</emphasis>
lateral photos of the
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<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FCA136DCFBB2D8D1" box="[877,1137,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">Litoria (Hyla) mystacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (ZMFK 28810) in preservation (photos M. Flecks).
</paragraph>
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Schütte’s frog collections with donation dates between 1862 and 1864 are covered by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56549FFC1FBB736A5FA91D945" author="Keferstein, W." box="[1147,1362,1777,1803]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" pagination="342 - 361" refId="ref30640" refString="Keferstein, W. (1867) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Batrachier aus Australien und dem tropischen Amerika. Nachrichten von der Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der G. A. Universitat zu Gottingen, 18, 342-361." type="journal article" year="1867">Keferstein’s (1867)</bibRefCitation>
paper, while his collections from the second visit are covered by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56549FFC1FCEC3741FC29D961" author="Keferstein, W." box="[800,1002,1813,1839]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" pagination="253 - 290" refId="ref30684" refString="Keferstein, W. (1868) Uber die Batrachier Australiens. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte Berlin, 34, 253-290. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20476" type="journal article" year="1868">Keferstein (1868)</bibRefCitation>
. As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56549FFC1FBB33741FA98D97E" author="Parkin, T. &amp; Rowley, J. J. L. &amp; Gillard, G. L. &amp; Sopniewski, J. &amp; Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C." box="[1151,1371,1813,1840]" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" pagination="76 - 105" refId="ref32180" refString="Parkin, T., Rowley, J. J. L., Gillard, G. L., Sopniewski, J., Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C. (2024) Systematics and Taxonomy of the Northern Banjo Frog (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Limnodynastes terraereginae) and Allied Taxa. Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology, 112 (1), 76-105. https://doi.org/10.1643/h2023025" type="journal article" year="2024">
Parkin
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FB033742FAC3D961" box="[1231,1280,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">et al</emphasis>
. (2024)
</bibRefCitation>
, most of the 1862–64 collections are of reptiles and amphibians that are nominally from the Sydney area or are of species that occur in the Sydney region. A few are south-western Australian specimens, and the small residue includes a few large or showy species that could have been obtained from natural history dealers in Sydney. The single small specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76549FFC1FEE637F1FE18D9F1" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[298,475,1957,1983]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacina">
<emphasis id="B902DC466549FFC1FEE637F1FE18D9F1" box="[298,475,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">Hyla mystacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not the sort of specimen that would likely be on offer from a commercial natural history dealer, and hence the likely source of the specimen is limited to south-western
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46549FFC1FB45379DFB33D9AD" box="[1161,1264,1993,2019]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="295">Australia</collectingCountry>
or the Sydney region. There is a slight possibility that Schütte could have collected it from the Adelaide region shortly after arriving in
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46548FFC0FEDC30EFFEB4DE9B" box="[272,375,187,213]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">Australia</collectingCountry>
– we know nothing about his movements in this first part of his first visit. However, no member of
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<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FF7A308BFEE7DEB7" box="[182,292,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex occurs in southwestern
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, in the Sydney region, or close to Adelaide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC900546548FFC0FF0B3157FC85DCBF" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">
It is possible that the type represents instead a member of the
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<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FCA33157FC23DF53" box="[879,992,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">L. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, of which
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76548FFC0FADF3157FA5FDF52" authorityName="Rowley, Mahony, Hines, Myers, Price, Shea &amp; Donnellan" authorityYear="2021" box="[1299,1436,259,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiritatus">
<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FADF3157FA5FDF52" box="[1299,1436,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">L. quiritatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Sydney region. Against this possibility, however, is the original description of coloration by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56548FFC0FAE43173FF25DF2B" author="Keferstein, W." pageId="27" pageNumber="296" pagination="342 - 361" refId="ref30640" refString="Keferstein, W. (1867) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Batrachier aus Australien und dem tropischen Amerika. Nachrichten von der Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der G. A. Universitat zu Gottingen, 18, 342-361." type="journal article" year="1867">Keferstein (1867)</bibRefCitation>
: “Rückenseite ganz glatt, einförmig braunlich, Seiten des Kopfes von Schnauzenspitze bis zum Auge dunkel, Bauchseite warzig, einförmig hell” (Dorsal side completely smooth, uniformly brownish, sides of head from tip of snout to eye dark, belly side warty, uniformly light), and the fact that the 1864 collection reported on by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56548FFC0FAE431C7FF21DF9F" author="Keferstein, W." pageId="27" pageNumber="296" pagination="342 - 361" refId="ref30640" refString="Keferstein, W. (1867) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Batrachier aus Australien und dem tropischen Amerika. Nachrichten von der Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der G. A. Universitat zu Gottingen, 18, 342-361." type="journal article" year="1867">Keferstein (1867)</bibRefCitation>
contains a separate series of specimens of the
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76548FFC0FD2231E3FC9CDF9F" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[750,863,439,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FD2231E3FC9CDF9F" box="[750,863,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">L. dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex (ZFMK 28826–37) from Sydney, which were listed by Keferstein as
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<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FDD1318FFD68DFBB" box="[541,683,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">Hyla rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These latter specimens bore a manuscript name
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<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FB01318FFA56DFBB" box="[1229,1429,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">Hyla nigrogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, provided by Gerard Krefft of the Australian Museum, who also donated specimens to Keferstein and assisted with the transport of some of Schütte’s collections to
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46548FFC0FD0B3277FCF2DC73" box="[711,817,547,573]" name="Germany" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">Germany</collectingCountry>
. We consider it unlikely that
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56548FFC0FB483277FA8EDC73" author="Keferstein, W." box="[1156,1357,547,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="296" pagination="342 - 361" refId="ref30640" refString="Keferstein, W. (1867) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Batrachier aus Australien und dem tropischen Amerika. Nachrichten von der Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der G. A. Universitat zu Gottingen, 18, 342-361." type="journal article" year="1867">Keferstein (1867)</bibRefCitation>
would have identified specimens of a single population of a species as two different taxa in a single paper. Determination of the identity of the
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF66548FFC0FE4F323FFE26DCCB" box="[387,485,619,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="296" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76548FFC0FDC6323FFD7ADCCA" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[522,697,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacina">
<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FDC6323FFD7ADCCA" box="[522,697,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">Hyla mystacina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a specific taxon in the
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76548FFC0FC39323FFBA0DCCB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[1013,1123,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FC39323FFBA0DCCB" box="[1013,1123,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is only likely to be possible with forensic DNA sequencing technology, which we are not yet in a position to undertake, and consequently, we treat the name as a
<emphasis id="B902DC466548FFC0FDF332E7FD25DC83" box="[575,742,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="296">nomen dubium</emphasis>
, with the possibility that future work may result in the name supplanting one of the other named taxa in the species group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<treatment id="03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF6577FFFFFF5B30C3FE15DEFF" box="[151,470,151,178]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF5B30C3FE15DEFF" blockId="36.[151,470,151,213]" box="[151,470,151,178]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<heading id="D081B7386577FFFFFF5B30C3FE15DEFF" bold="true" box="[151,470,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF5B30C3FE15DEFF" bold="true" box="[151,470,151,178]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFF5B30C3FEB2DEFC" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,369,151,178]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF5B30C3FEB2DEFC" bold="true" box="[151,369,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFEB430C3FE15DEFF" box="[376,470,151,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF6577FFFFFF5B30EFFD73DF56" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF5B30EFFEDFDE9B" blockId="36.[151,470,151,213]" box="[151,284,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<figureCitation id="134D1CD16577FFFFFF5B30EFFEDFDE9B" box="[151,284,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="37.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionStartId-1="38.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionStartId-2="39.[151,250,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetBox-1="[195,1393,181,1794]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1467]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@37.[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@38.[195,1393,181,1794]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@39.[151,1436,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId-0="37" captionTargetPageId-1="38" captionTargetPageId-2="39" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Holotype of Litoria larisonans sp. nov (WAM R174603); (A) moribund photograph, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) lateral profile of head, (E) dorsal view of hand, (F) plantar side of hand, (G) plantar view of foot. In A-C, each black or white square is equal to 1 cm, and D-G, the scale bar represents 2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Paratypes of Litoria larisonans sp. nov. Top row: females, from left to right WAM R117337, WAM R119287, WAM R114077, WAM R175951, WAM R110776. Bottom row: males, left to right WAM R175952, WAM R179352, WAM R125748, WAM R174492, (A) dorsal side, (B) ventral side. Each black or white square is equal to 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Litoria larisonans sp. nov. in life. (A) WAM R174288, from Kalamina Gorge, Karijini National Park (22.4166°S, 118.4014°E) (photo P. Doughty); (B) WAM R168622, from 11 km Sandstone (28.0705°S, 119.2411°E) (photo P. Doughty); (C) WAM R179353, from Minara Station (28.9427°S, 121.8009°E) (photo R. J. Ellis); (D) WAM R162775, from Mount Brockman (22.2708°S, 117.4500°E) (photo P. Doughty and C. Stevenson); (E) WAM R175346, from Skull Springs (21.8635°S, 121.0129°E) (photo R. J. Ellis); and (F) Unvouchered specimen from Pannawonica area (photo R. A. Catullo)." pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Figs. 16–18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF5B3154FD73DF56" blockId="36.[151,688,256,280]" box="[151,688,256,280]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF5B3154FE54DF59" box="[151,407,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Suggested common name</emphasis>
: Western Desert Tree Frog.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF6577FFFFFF5B3112FCE5DD8A" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF5B3112FEE4DFE7" blockId="36.[151,1437,326,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFF5B3112FEE4DFE7" collectingDate="2015-03-14" collectionCode="WAM, R" collectorName="Bray &amp; J. Teale &amp; L. Umbrello &amp; J. Huey" country="Australia" latitude="-22.4768" location="Dale's Gorge" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5629" municipality="Karijini National Park" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R174603" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF5B3112FEC8DF2E" bold="true" box="[151,267,326,352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF66577FFFFFF5B3112FEC5DF2E" box="[151,262,326,352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFED83112FE9BDF2E" box="[276,344,326,352]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFEAE3112FE0ADF2E" box="[354,457,326,352]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R174603</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="134D1CD16577FFFFFE173112FDF3DF2E" box="[475,560,326,352]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. Holotype of Litoria larisonans sp. nov (WAM R174603); (A) moribund photograph, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) lateral profile of head, (E) dorsal view of hand, (F) plantar side of hand, (G) plantar view of foot. In A-C, each black or white square is equal to 1 cm, and D-G, the scale bar represents 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), calling male from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFCD13112FC75DF2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFCD13112FC75DF2E" box="[797,950,326,352]" country="Australia" latitude="-22.4768" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="118.5629" municipality="Karijini National Park" name="Dale's Gorge" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Dale’s Gorge</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAD9A2E6577FFFFFC083112FB06DF2E" box="[964,1221,326,352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Karijini National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFB1F3112FF10DFCA" location="Tom Price" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFB1F3112FAF1DF2E" box="[1235,1330,326,352]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.26" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="82.6">82.6 km</quantity>
NE Tom Price
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFED7313EFE41DFCA" box="[283,386,362,388]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFE5E313EFDCFDFCA" box="[402,524,362,388]" degrees="22.4768" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-22.4768">22.4768°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFDD6313EFD61DFCB" box="[538,674,362,389]" degrees="118.5629" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="118.5629">118.5629°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected by
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFC87313EFCA2DFCA" box="[843,865,362,388]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="268365826577FFFFFCA2313EFC66DFCA" box="[878,933,362,388]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Bray</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFC7E313EFC0ADFCA" box="[946,969,362,388]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="268365826577FFFFFC01313EFBE5DFCA" box="[973,1062,362,388]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">J. Teale</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268365826577FFFFFBFF313EFB7CDFCA" box="[1075,1215,362,388]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. Umbrello</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="268365826577FFFFFB36313EFA91DFCA" box="[1274,1362,362,388]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">J. Huey</collectorName>
on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFA4C313EFEE0DFE7" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2015-03-14">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFA4C313EFEE0DFE7" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2015-03-14">14 March 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF0B31E6FCD2DCEB" blockId="36.[151,1437,326,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF0B31E6FE85DF82" bold="true" box="[199,326,434,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF66577FFFFFF0B31E6FE82DF82" box="[199,321,434,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D1CD16577FFFFFE9631E6FE72DF82" box="[346,433,434,460]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,181,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-30@38.[195,1393,181,1794]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 17. Paratypes of Litoria larisonans sp. nov. Top row: females, from left to right WAM R117337, WAM R119287, WAM R114077, WAM R175951, WAM R110776. Bottom row: males, left to right WAM R175952, WAM R179352, WAM R125748, WAM R174492, (A) dorsal side, (B) ventral side. Each black or white square is equal to 1 cm." pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
).
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD6577FFFFFE0631E6FDFCDF82" box="[458,575,434,460]" count="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="adult">Five adult</specimenCount>
females:
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFD7931E6FC1BDFBE" collectingDate="1993-09-07" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-22.9513" location="Hope Downs" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="119.0792" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R117337" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFD7931E6FD3ADF82" box="[693,761,434,460]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFCC931E6FCAEDF82" box="[773,877,434,460]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R117337</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFC7331E6FB9ADF82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFC7331E6FB9ADF82" box="[959,1113,434,460]" country="Australia" latitude="-22.9513" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="119.0792" name="Hope Downs" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Hope Downs</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFBA431E6FA5BDF82" box="[1128,1432,434,461]" location="Newman" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFBA431E6FB0ADF82" box="[1128,1225,434,461]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="80.5">80.5 km</quantity>
NW of Newman
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFF1E3182FEFADFBE" box="[210,313,470,496]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFE863182FE07DFBF" box="[330,452,470,497]" degrees="22.9513" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-22.9513">22.9513°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFE1E3182FD98DFBE" box="[466,603,470,496]" degrees="119.0792" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="119.0792">119.0792°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFCC83182FC1BDFBE" box="[772,984,470,496]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1993-09-07">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFCC83182FC1BDFBE" box="[772,984,470,496]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1993-09-07">7 September 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFC2A3182FA54DC5A" collectingDate="1993-12-01" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-26.3667" location="Mileura Station" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="117.3333" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R119287" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFC2A3182FBE9DFBE" box="[998,1066,470,496]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFBF83182FB5EDFBE" box="[1076,1181,470,496]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R119287</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFB273182FA5FDFBE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFB273182FA5FDFBE" box="[1259,1436,470,496]" country="Australia" latitude="-26.3667" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="117.3333" name="Mileura Station" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Mileura Station</location>
homestead,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFED231AEFD9CDC5A" box="[286,607,506,532]" location="Meekatharra" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFED231AEFE44DC5A" box="[286,391,506,532]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.187" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="118.7">118.7 km</quantity>
W of Meekatharra
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFD6F31AEFCC9DC5A" box="[675,778,506,532]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFCD631AEFC50DC5A" box="[794,915,506,532]" degrees="26.3667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-26.3667">26.3667°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFC5331AEFBEBDC5A" box="[927,1064,506,532]" degrees="117.3333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="117.3333">117.3333°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFB0031AEFA54DC5A" box="[1228,1431,506,532]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1993-12-01">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFB0031AEFA54DC5A" box="[1228,1431,506,532]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1993-12-01">1 December 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFF5B324AFF11DC12" collectingDate="1992-07-02" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-24.7" location="Kumarina" longLatPrecision="7505" longitude="119.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R114077" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFF5B324AFF18DC76" box="[151,219,542,568]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFF29324AFE8EDC76" box="[229,333,542,568]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R114077</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFE57324AFDCDDC76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFE57324AFDCDDC76" box="[411,526,542,568]" country="Australia" latitude="-24.7" longLatPrecision="7505" longitude="119.6" name="Kumarina" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Kumarina</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFDD7324AFCF1DC76" box="[539,818,542,568]" location="Newman" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFDD7324AFD44DC76" box="[539,647,542,568]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.493" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="149.3">149.3 km</quantity>
S of Newman
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFCB5324AFC23DC76" box="[889,992,542,568]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFC3E324AFB82DC76" box="[1010,1089,542,568]" degrees="24.7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5555" value="-24.7">24.7°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFB83324AFB6FDC76" box="[1103,1196,542,568]" degrees="119.6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5555" value="119.6">119.6°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFA9A324AFF11DC12" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1992-07-02">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFA9A324AFF11DC12" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1992-07-02">2 July 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFF103216FDC5DCCE" collectingDate="2016-09-02" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-23.6268" location="Ex-wanna Station" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="116.6218" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R175951" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFF103216FEE3DC12" box="[220,288,578,604]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFEE93216FE4CDC13" box="[293,399,578,605]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R175951</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFE183216FD5FDC12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFE183216FD5FDC12" box="[468,668,578,604]" country="Australia" latitude="-23.6268" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="116.6218" name="Ex-wanna Station" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Ex-wanna Station</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFD6A3216FC12DC12" box="[678,977,578,605]" location="Tom Price" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFD6A3216FCCDDC12" box="[678,782,578,605]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.583" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="158.3">158.3 km</quantity>
SW of Tom Price
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFBDD3216FBBBDC12" box="[1041,1144,578,604]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFB483216FB3DDC12" box="[1156,1278,578,604]" degrees="23.6268" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-23.6268">23.6268°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFAC43216FA53DC12" box="[1288,1424,578,604]" degrees="116.6218" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="116.6218">116.6218°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFEE23232FDC5DCCE" box="[302,518,614,640]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2016-09-02">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFEE23232FDC5DCCE" box="[302,518,614,640]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2016-09-02">2 September 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFDD93232FCCEDCEB" collectingDate="2005-02-09" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-23.4575" location="Jimblebar East" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="120.3225" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R110776" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFDD93232FD9ADCCE" box="[533,601,614,640]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFDA83232FD0FDCCE" box="[612,716,614,640]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R110776</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFCD13232FC09DCCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFCD13232FC09DCCE" box="[797,970,614,640]" country="Australia" latitude="-23.4575" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="120.3225" name="Jimblebar East" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Jimblebar East</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFC153232FB28DCCE" box="[985,1259,614,640]" location="Newman" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFC153232FBFADCCE" box="[985,1081,614,640]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.08" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="60.8">60.8 km</quantity>
E of Newman
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFAFA3232FA5EDCCE" box="[1334,1437,614,640]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFF5332DEFEDADCEB" box="[159,281,650,677]" degrees="23.4575" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-23.4575">23.4575°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFEE832DEFE6DDCEB" box="[292,430,650,677]" degrees="120.3225" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="120.3225">120.3225°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFD9C32DEFCCEDCEB" box="[592,781,650,677]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2005-02-09">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFD9C32DEFCCEDCEB" box="[592,781,650,677]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2005-02-09">9 February 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF0B32FAFDB8DD32" blockId="36.[151,1437,326,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFF0B32FAFCE6DCA2" collectingDate="2016-09-02" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-23.6268" location="Ex-wanna Station" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="116.6217" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R175952" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-adult="4">
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD6577FFFFFF0B32FAFE82DC86" box="[199,321,686,712]" count="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="adult">Four adult</specimenCount>
males:
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFE6F32FAFE24DC86" box="[419,487,686,712]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFE3932FAFD9DDC87" box="[501,606,686,713]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R175952</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFD7F32FAFC40DC86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFD7F32FAFC40DC86" box="[691,899,686,712]" country="Australia" latitude="-23.6268" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="116.6217" name="Ex-wanna Station" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Ex-wanna Station</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFC5832FAFB24DC86" box="[916,1255,686,713]" location="Tom Price" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFC5832FAFBC7DC86" box="[916,1028,686,713]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.581" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="158.1">158.1 km</quantity>
SW of Tom Price
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFAFA32FAFA5EDC86" box="[1334,1437,686,712]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFF533286FEDADCA2" box="[159,281,722,748]" degrees="23.6268" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-23.6268">23.6268°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFEE93286FE6DDCA2" box="[293,430,722,748]" degrees="116.6217" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="116.6217">116.6217°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFD9F3286FCE6DCA2" box="[595,805,722,748]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2016-09-02">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFD9F3286FCE6DCA2" box="[595,805,722,748]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2016-09-02">2 September 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFCFC3286FB5CDD5E" collectingDate="2018-11-15" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-28.7112" location="Murrin Murrin" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="121.88" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R179352" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFCFC3286FCB7DCA2" box="[816,884,722,748]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFCB13286FC25DCA3" box="[893,998,722,749]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R179352</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFBFD3286FB14DCA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFBFD3286FB14DCA2" box="[1073,1239,722,748]" country="Australia" latitude="-28.7112" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="121.88" name="Murrin Murrin" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Murrin Murrin</location>
mine camp,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFAA73286FEABDD5E" location="Leonora" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFAA73286FF78DD5E" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="56.9">56.9 km</quantity>
NE of Leonora
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFE6432A2FDCCDD5E" box="[424,527,758,784]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFDD032A2FD56DD5E" box="[540,661,758,784]" degrees="28.7112" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-28.7112">28.7112°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFD5332A2FCEADD5E" box="[671,809,758,784]" degrees="121.8800" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="121.88">121.8800°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFC0A32A2FB5CDD5E" box="[966,1183,758,785]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2018-11-15">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFC0A32A2FB5CDD5E" box="[966,1183,758,785]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2018-11-15">15 November 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFB6532A2FF11DD16" collectingDate="1996-02-24" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-21.5716" location="Fortescue River" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="117.0525" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R125748" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFB6532A2FB2EDD5E" box="[1193,1261,758,784]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFB3F32A2FA9FDD5F" box="[1267,1372,758,785]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R125748</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFF5B334EFE8BDD7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFF5B334EFE8BDD7A" box="[151,328,794,820]" country="Australia" latitude="-21.5716" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="117.0525" name="Fortescue River" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Fortescue River</location>
Crossing,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFE72334EFD75DD7A" box="[446,694,794,820]" location="Karratha" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFE72334EFDDADD7A" box="[446,537,794,820]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.49" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="94.9">94.9 km</quantity>
S of Karratha
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFD3A334EFC9EDD7A" box="[758,861,794,820]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFCA6334EFC27DD7B" box="[874,996,794,821]" degrees="21.5716" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-21.5716">21.5716°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFC22334EFBB4DD7B" box="[1006,1143,794,821]" degrees="117.0525" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="117.0525">117.0525°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFAD9334EFF11DD16" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1996-02-24">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFAD9334EFF11DD16" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="1996-02-24">24 February 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1E0A096577FFFFFF2D336AFDB4DD32" collectingDate="2014-08-13" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" latitude="-24.3634" location="Augustus National Park" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="116.8705" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="R174492" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED6798916577FFFFFF2D336AFEE6DD16" box="[225,293,830,856]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD0A82F6577FFFFFEFC336AFE5ADD16" box="[304,409,830,856]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">R174492</specimenCode>
, from
<location id="8EA9568F6577FFFFFE2B336AFD3FDD16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFB1426577FFF2FF5B30C3FD2DDFBA:8EA9568F6577FFFFFE2B336AFD3FDD16" box="[487,764,830,856]" country="Australia" latitude="-24.3634" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="116.8705" name="Augustus National Park" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Augustus National Park</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A7B19766577FFFFFCC7336AFB9FDD16" box="[779,1116,830,857]" location="Paraburdoo" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFCC7336AFCBBDD16" box="[779,888,830,857]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="km" value="152.5">152.5 km</quantity>
SW of Paraburdoo
</locationDeviation>
, WA,
<collectingCountry id="F36140C46577FFFFFB69336AFACFDD16" box="[1189,1292,830,856]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFAD2336AFA5BDD16" box="[1310,1432,830,856]" degrees="24.3634" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="-24.3634">24.3634°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4266936577FFFFFF5B3336FEE3DD33" box="[151,288,866,893]" degrees="116.8705" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" precision="5" value="116.8705">116.8705°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected on
<date id="FFC826946577FFFFFE0E3336FDB4DD32" box="[450,631,866,892]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2014-08-13">
<collectingDate id="EF8CDF7C6577FFFFFE0E3336FDB4DD32" box="[450,631,866,892]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" value="2014-08-13">13 August 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF0B33D1FCE5DD8A" blockId="36.[151,1437,326,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF0B33D1FE72DDD1" bold="true" box="[199,433,901,927]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Material examined.</emphasis>
Details of the 33 (
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD6577FFFFFD4933D2FCC3DDEE" box="[645,768,902,928]" count="17" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="female">17 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD6577FFFFFCF433D2FC5DDDEE" box="[824,926,902,928]" count="16" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFC6233D3FB81DDEE" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[942,1090,902,928]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFC6233D3FB81DDEE" box="[942,1090,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFB8633D2FB67DDEE" bold="true" box="[1098,1188,902,928]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFB8633D2FB67DDEE" box="[1098,1188,902,928]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
vouchered specimens examined are presented in
<tableCitation id="C6F435EF6577FFFFFE0F33FEFDD5DD8A" box="[451,534,938,964]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1648,1672]" captionText="TABLE 1. Details of specimens and genetic samples used for molecular genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses, and morphological analysis (Morph; sex noted). GenBank accession numbers are provided for the mitochondrial data. Abbreviations refer to museum collections (see text for details)." pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Table 1</tableCitation>
and tadpoles in
<tableCitation id="C6F435EF6577FFFFFD0133FEFCE1DD8A" box="[717,802,938,964]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="24.[151,238,512,536]" captionText="TABLE 6. Variation in tadpole size. Tadpoles of each species (stages 33–40). N = number of individuals, ST = Gosner (1960) developmental stage, TL = total length, BL = body length (mm) in lateral view from tip of snout to body/tail junction." pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Table 6</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF6577FFFFFF0B3399FAECDB46" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF0B3399FAECDB46" blockId="36.[151,1437,326,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF0B3399FE81DDA9" bold="true" box="[199,322,973,999]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFE86339BFDD5DDA6" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[330,534,974,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFE86339BFDD5DDA6" box="[330,534,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFDD3339AFDB9DDA6" bold="true" box="[543,634,974,1000]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFDD3339AFDB9DDA6" box="[543,634,974,1000]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFCE8339BFCB1DDA6" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[804,882,975,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFCE8339BFCB1DDA6" box="[804,882,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Litoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a horizontally oriented contracted pupil and the absence of a palpebral reticulum (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA56577FFFFFCD133A6FBC8DA42" author="Tyler, M. J. &amp; Davies, M." box="[797,1035,1010,1036]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" pagination="219 - 224" refId="ref33206" refString="Tyler, M. J. &amp; Davies, M. (1978) Phylogenetic relationships of Australian hyline and neotropical Phyllomedusine frogs of the Family Hylidae. Herpetologica, 34 (2), 219-224." type="journal article" year="1978">Tyler &amp; Davies 1978</bibRefCitation>
). Molecular and morphological data indicate that
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFEEB3443FE78DA7E" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[295,443,1046,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFEEB3443FE78DA7E" box="[295,443,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFE0E3442FDD8DA7E" bold="true" box="[450,539,1046,1072]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFE0E3442FDD8DA7E" box="[450,539,1046,1072]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFCCE3443FCB3DA7E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[770,880,1046,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFCCE3443FCB3DA7E" box="[770,880,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFCBB3442FBC1DA7E" box="[887,1026,1046,1072]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
and exhibits other characters typical of the
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFF2C346FFE8CDA1A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[224,335,1082,1108]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF2C346FFE8CDA1A" box="[224,335,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex: moderately small size (&lt;
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFCF7346EFC4CDA1A" box="[827,911,1082,1109]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
), small head, short and broadly fringed fingers with rudimentary basal webbing, short hindlimbs with partially webbed toes, a dark dorsolateral stripe on the head and body and a high-pitched, multi-pulsed male advertisement call consisting of a single note.
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFB1C34D7FA5FDAD2" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[1232,1436,1154,1180]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFB1C34D7FA5FDAD2" box="[1232,1436,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF5B34F2FF32DA8E" bold="true" box="[151,241,1190,1216]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFF5B34F2FF32DA8E" box="[151,241,1190,1216]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is morphologically indistinguishable from other taxa in this species complex and must be diagnosed using molecular data. From a genetic perspective, in the mitochondrial
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFC5B349EFC0FDAAA" box="[919,972,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">ND4</emphasis>
alignment, 21, 19 and 20 sites reliably diagnose
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFECE34BBFE56DB46" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[258,405,1262,1288]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFECE34BBFE56DB46" box="[258,405,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFE5134BAFE35DB46" bold="true" box="[413,502,1262,1288]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFE5134BAFE35DB46" box="[413,502,1262,1288]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFDF634BBFD77DB46" box="[570,692,1262,1288]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capitula">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFDF634BBFD77DB46" box="[570,692,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. capitula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFD0E34BBFCEBDB46" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[706,808,1263,1288]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFD0E34BBFCEBDB46" box="[706,808,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. pyrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFCE334BAFC4ADB46" bold="true" box="[815,905,1262,1288]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6577FFFFFCE334BAFC4ADB46" box="[815,905,1262,1288]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76577FFFFFC7334BBFBEDDB46" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[959,1070,1262,1288]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFC7334BBFBEDDB46" box="[959,1070,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
respectively (
<tableCitation id="C6F435EF6577FFFFFB0734BAFAE2DB46" box="[1227,1313,1262,1288]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,1232,1256]" captionText="TABLE 3. Diagnostic nucleotide differences between species within the L. rubella species complex in the mitochondrial ND4 gene. Nucleotide positions are numbered with respect to the Phyllomedusa bahiana mitochondrial genome (GenBank accession: NC_067554)." pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF6577FFF3FF0B3545FD27D846" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC900546577FFFFFF0B3545FD88D9FA" blockId="36.[151,1437,326,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B902DC466577FFFFFF0B3545FE20DB62" bold="true" box="[199,483,1297,1324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF66577FFFFFEB93546FE1DDB62" box="[373,478,1298,1324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male (
<figureCitation id="134D1CD16577FFFFFDB83546FD04DB62" box="[628,711,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. Holotype of Litoria larisonans sp. nov (WAM R174603); (A) moribund photograph, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) lateral profile of head, (E) dorsal view of hand, (F) plantar side of hand, (G) plantar view of foot. In A-C, each black or white square is equal to 1 cm, and D-G, the scale bar represents 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="305">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); moderate body size (
<quantity id="4C8EADB16577FFFFFC0D3546FBE5DB62" box="[961,1062,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" pageId="36" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="33.4">33.4 mm</quantity>
SUL); body moderately flattened and wide; head small (HDL/SUL = 0.27), flattened (HD/SUL = 0.14), and narrow (HDW/SUL = 0.28); head length equal to width (HDL/HDW = 0.96); snout triangular in dorsal view, tip of snout blunt, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region steep, concave when considered in conjunction with upper labial margin; crown of head flat; nares ovate, on anterolateral edge of snout, oriented dorsolaterally; eyes small (EYE/HDL = 0.22), pupils oriented horizontally; eye to naris distance 1.65 X eye diameter; tympanum circular with raised annulus; well-developed supratympanic fold angling posteroventrally towards attachment of arm; tympanum and eye equal in diameter (TMP/EYE = 0.95); arms moderate ([UAL+LAL]/SUL = 0.26), thin; fingers with basal webbing; relative length of fingers I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III; tips of fingers with well-developed discs, distinct circumarginal grooves and narrow fringing, discs relatively wide compared to width of the penultimate phalanx (third finger disc width twice finger width); subarticular tubercles rounded; metacarpal tubercles ovate; nuptial pads cover entire basal half of finger I on anterior (inner) surface, continuing on dorsal side only on middle of finger and tapering away from anterior (inner) edge of finger I; hindlimbs short (TIB/SUL = 0.38); relative length of toes I&lt;II&lt;III~V&lt;IV; tips of toes with well-developed discs, distinct circumarginal grooves and narrow fringing; discs slightly smaller than those of fingers (fourth toe disc width 1.9 X toe width); subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, spatulate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; toes partially webbed, extending beyond distal tubercle of all toes except IV, webbing extending between distal and penultimate tubercle on toe IV. Skin of dorsal surface smooth, lacking dorsolateral folds, parotoid glands, and ridges; glandular tissue located between mouth and arm; ventral surface of body finely granular, smooth on limbs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0950DC6576FFFEFF5B3754FCE5D911" pageId="37" pageNumber="306" startId="37.[151,250,1792,1816]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1767]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC900546576FFFEFF5B3754FCE5D911" blockId="37.[151,1437,1791,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFF5B3754FEDAD956" bold="true" box="[151,281,1792,1816]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">FIGURE 16</emphasis>
. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76576FFFEFE6A3755FD9DD956" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[422,606,1792,1816]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFE6A3755FD9DD956" box="[422,606,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFDA93754FD73D956" bold="true" box="[613,688,1792,1816]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6576FFFEFDA93754FD73D956" box="[613,688,1792,1816]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(WAM R174603);
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFCBB36ABFC59D959" bold="true" box="[887,922,1791,1815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">(A)</emphasis>
moribund photograph,
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFB4636ABFB68D959" bold="true" box="[1162,1195,1791,1815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">(B)</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFB3036ABFAE3D959" bold="true" box="[1276,1312,1791,1815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">(C)</emphasis>
ventral,
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFAB536ABFA5ED959" bold="true" box="[1401,1437,1791,1815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">(D)</emphasis>
lateral profile of head,
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFE4C3777FE61D975" bold="true" box="[384,418,1827,1851]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">(E)</emphasis>
dorsal view of hand,
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFDB33777FD63D975" bold="true" box="[639,672,1827,1851]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">(F)</emphasis>
plantar side of hand,
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFCB13777FC61D975" bold="true" box="[893,930,1827,1851]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">(G)</emphasis>
plantar view of foot. In
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFB573770FB0BD972" bold="true" box="[1179,1224,1828,1852]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">A-C</emphasis>
, each black or white square is equal to 1 cm, and
<emphasis id="B902DC466576FFFEFE74371CFE25D92E" bold="true" box="[440,486,1864,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="306">D-G</emphasis>
, the scale bar represents 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0950DC6575FFFDFF5B374EFB7FD937" pageId="38" pageNumber="307" startId="38.[151,250,1818,1842]" targetBox="[195,1393,181,1794]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC900546575FFFDFF5B374EFB7FD937" blockId="38.[151,1436,1818,1914]" pageId="38" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B902DC466575FFFDFF5B374EFED8D97C" bold="true" box="[151,283,1818,1842]" pageId="38" pageNumber="307">FIGURE 17</emphasis>
. Paratypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76575FFFDFE7D374FFDA9D97C" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[433,618,1818,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466575FFFDFE7D374FFDA9D97C" box="[433,618,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="307">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466575FFFDFDBE374EFD07D97C" bold="true" box="[626,708,1818,1842]" pageId="38" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6575FFFDFDBE374EFD07D97C" box="[626,708,1818,1842]" pageId="38" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Top row: females, from left to right WAM R117337, WAM R119287, WAM R114077, WAM R175951, WAM R110776. Bottom row: males, left to right WAM R175952, WAM R179352, WAM R125748, WAM R174492,
<emphasis id="B902DC466575FFFDFE623735FE11D937" bold="true" box="[430,466,1889,1913]" pageId="38" pageNumber="307">(A)</emphasis>
dorsal side,
<emphasis id="B902DC466575FFFDFD9D3735FDB0D937" bold="true" box="[593,627,1889,1913]" pageId="38" pageNumber="307">(B)</emphasis>
ventral side. Each black or white square is equal to 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0950DC6574FFFCFF5B3586FB3AD835" pageId="39" pageNumber="308" startId="39.[151,250,1490,1514]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1467]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC900546574FFFCFF5B3586FB3AD835" blockId="39.[151,1437,1490,1659]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFF5B3586FEDCDBA4" bold="true" box="[151,287,1490,1514]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD76574FFFCFEE93587FE1FDBA5" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[293,476,1491,1515]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFEE93587FE1FDBA5" box="[293,476,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFE2D3587FDF2DBA5" bold="true" box="[481,561,1491,1515]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D6574FFFCFE2D3587FDF2DBA5" box="[481,561,1491,1515]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in life.
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFDB23586FD61DBA4" bold="true" box="[638,674,1490,1514]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">(A)</emphasis>
WAM R174288, from Kalamina Gorge, Karijini National Park (22.4166°S, 118.4014°E) (photo P. Doughty);
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFE3935A2FDD4D840" bold="true" box="[501,535,1526,1550]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">(B)</emphasis>
WAM R168622, from 11 km Sandstone (28.0705°S, 119.2411°E) (photo P. Doughty);
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFF5B364EFF79D87C" bold="true" box="[151,186,1562,1586]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">(C)</emphasis>
WAM R179353, from Minara Station (28.9427°S, 121.8009°E) (photo R. J. Ellis);
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFBF6364EFB9DD87C" bold="true" box="[1082,1118,1562,1586]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">(D)</emphasis>
WAM R162775, from Mount Brockman (22.2708°S, 117.4500°E) (photo P. Doughty and C. Stevenson);
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFC47366AFC6ED818" bold="true" box="[907,941,1598,1622]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">(E)</emphasis>
WAM R175346, from Skull Springs (21.8635°S, 121.0129°E) (photo R. J. Ellis); and
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFDC63636FDE8D834" bold="true" box="[522,555,1634,1658]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">(F)</emphasis>
Unvouchered specimen from Pannawonica area (photo R. A. Catullo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC900546574FFFCFF0B36FDFD65D939" blockId="39.[151,1437,1705,2020]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFF0B36FDFE11D88D" box="[199,466,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">Colour in preservative.</emphasis>
Dorsal background colour greyish cream with irregular dark brown blotches. Wide brownish lateral head stripe, beginning on snout and wrapping around nares, continuing along loreal region, through eye and tympanum, angling posteroventrally and terminating behind the arm; between the nares and eye, darker pigment of canthal stripe demarcates loreal region from top of snout; hiatus of pigment on tip of snout forming a V-shape. Ventral surfaces, other than gular region, cream; base colour of gular region and vocal sac stippled with black. Posterior surfaces of thighs lack pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC900546574FFFCFF0B37D5FC89D9AA" blockId="39.[151,1437,1705,2020]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B902DC466574FFFCFF0B37D5FD95D9D5" bold="true" box="[199,598,1920,1947]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308">
Measurements (mm) of
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF66574FFFCFE2437D5FD92D9D5" box="[488,593,1921,1947]" pageId="39" pageNumber="308" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
SUL 33.4, FOL 18.3, TIB 12.7, FEL 12.0, LAL 5.0, UAL 3.7, HDW 9.4, DFE 5.1, IOD 3.0, IND 1.5, HDL 9.0, HD 4.7, SNT 4.2, EN 3.3, NS 0.8, EYE 2.0, TEY 0.9, TMP 1.9, 3TL 8.0, 3FDW 1.4, 3FW 0.7, PL 10.3, 4TDW 1.3, 4TW 0.7, IMT 1.5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B30C2FAC1DFC6" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B30C2FE9ADEFE" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric characters vary considerably among
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD657BFFF3FC6230C2FBC8DEFE" box="[942,1035,150,176]" count="17" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" type="adult">17 adult</specimenCount>
females and
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD657BFFF3FB6930C2FAC1DEFE" box="[1189,1282,150,176]" count="16" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" type="adult">16 adult</specimenCount>
males (
<tableCitation id="C6F435EF657BFFF3FA9130C2FF65DE9B" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,235,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Summary of morphological variation (mean±SD, and range in mm) in Litoria rubella species complex. Sample sizes are in parentheses after sex (M or F). Due to the quality of the vouchers, fewer measurements were available for L. capitula." pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Table 5</tableCitation>
), mostly independent of sex. Females (SUL
<quantity id="4C8EADB1657BFFF3FD5530EEFCFCDE9B" box="[665,831,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.88" metricValueMin="2.85" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="33.65" valueMax="38.8" valueMin="28.5">28.5–38.8 mm</quantity>
; mean
<quantity id="4C8EADB1657BFFF3FC4230EEFC30DE9A" box="[910,1011,186,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="32.9">32.9 mm</quantity>
) tended to be longer than males (SUL
<quantity id="4C8EADB1657BFFF3FF5B308AFEFFDEB7" box="[151,316,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.145" metricValueMax="3.67" metricValueMin="2.62" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="31.45" valueMax="36.7" valueMin="26.2">26.2–36.7 mm</quantity>
; mean
<quantity id="4C8EADB1657BFFF3FE44308AFE2FDEB6" box="[392,492,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="32.5">32.5 mm</quantity>
) and more rotund when gravid; within sexes body shape varied from gracile to robust depending on body condition. Body width usually wider than head width; body moderately flattened to slightly robust. Annulus of tympanum raised relative to skin of temporal region. Poorly- to well-developed terminal discs on digits; relative width of finger discs 1.5–2.7 greater than finger width, and toe discs 1.1–1.9 greater than toe width, some of which is attributable to artefacts of preservation. Dorsal and ventral skin smooth to granular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B31C6FE10DD86" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B31C6FED8DFE2" box="[199,283,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Colour.</emphasis>
Colour variation is described from photographs in life of six animals (see
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FBF331C6FB4DDFE2" box="[1087,1166,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[151,1436,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Litoria larisonans sp. nov. in life. (A) WAM R174288, from Kalamina Gorge, Karijini National Park (22.4166°S, 118.4014°E) (photo P. Doughty); (B) WAM R168622, from 11 km Sandstone (28.0705°S, 119.2411°E) (photo P. Doughty); (C) WAM R179353, from Minara Station (28.9427°S, 121.8009°E) (photo R. J. Ellis); (D) WAM R162775, from Mount Brockman (22.2708°S, 117.4500°E) (photo P. Doughty and C. Stevenson); (E) WAM R175346, from Skull Springs (21.8635°S, 121.0129°E) (photo R. J. Ellis); and (F) Unvouchered specimen from Pannawonica area (photo R. A. Catullo)." pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
), the moribund
<typeStatus id="54CDBEF6657BFFF3FAF631C6FA5FDFE2" box="[1338,1436,402,428]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
image (
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FF2031E2FEFCDF9E" box="[236,319,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[151,1435,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. Holotype of Litoria larisonans sp. nov (WAM R174603); (A) moribund photograph, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) lateral profile of head, (E) dorsal view of hand, (F) plantar side of hand, (G) plantar view of foot. In A-C, each black or white square is equal to 1 cm, and D-G, the scale bar represents 2 mm." pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) and
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FE4C31E3FE05DF9E" box="[384,454,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">in situ</emphasis>
observations. Dorsal colouration broadly uniform across head, body and outer surface of limbs; across individuals dorsal colouration can be fawn, cream, brown, rich chocolate-brown, red-brown, brick-red or greyish, sometimes whitish during daytime; irregular dark brown pigmentation may be present on dorsal surface and appendages, often forming small specks or marbling, extent highly variable; darker dorsolateral streak occasionally present, generally stronger in inguinal region. Ventral surface uniformly cream, always lighter than dorsal surface; gradual to sharp contrast between dorsal and ventral colouration over dorsolateral region, generally coincides with lateral head stripe when present. Pale patch below eye, variable in lightness and extent among individuals. Distinctly darker lateral stripe originating from a V-shape hiatus on tip of snout, wrapping around nares, passing through eye and tympanum, dissipating variably from above attachment of arm to more posteriorly towards groin, generally more diffuse posteriorly; stripe contrast and intensity varies from well-defined and dark to pale and poorly contrasted. Pale yellow to dull red pigment on posterior of thighs and inguinal region, with dark spots similar to dorsal colouration but no distinct pattern, extent and saturation variable between individuals. Iris golden, copper-brown to reddish-brown. Male gular pigmentation dark brown. Nuptial pads light to dark brown. In preservative, reddish hues over body tend to be lost, colour and contrast of dorsolateral stripe usually fades, colour of thighs tends to be lost, colour of iris lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B3386FE6CDDA2" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,431,978,1004]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B3386FEF1DDA2" box="[199,306,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Embryos.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B33A2FEC5DA32" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B33A2FDD3DA5E" box="[199,528,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Tadpole body and tail shape.</emphasis>
Body and tail shape similar to description for
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FBEE33A3FB52DA5E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1058,1169,1014,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FBEE33A3FB52DA5E" box="[1058,1169,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with mid-dorsal region of body slightly convex in profile, and dorsal fin initially low at its origin over tail/body junction, with a slight dip before rising to maximum height over middle of tail (
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FD22346AFC8BDA16" box="[750,840,1086,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,247,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[254,1334,152,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[252,1336,151,1802]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tadpoles of the Litoria rubella species complex in life. (A, B) Litoria rubella stage 37, lateral view, Micket Creek, Darwin, NT; (C) L. rubella dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41 and 35, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (D) L. rubella, dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41, 35, 108 km N. Threeways Roadhouse, NT; (E) L. rubella, in natural habitat, dorsal view, showing characteristic darker middorsal patch, 9 km W. Cobar, NSW; (F) L. pyrina sp. nov., lateral view, stage 38, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (G) L. pyrina sp. nov., dorsal view, stages (from top) 43, 41, 40, 29, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (H, I) L. larisonans sp. nov. leucistic individual, stage 37, lateral view, dorsal view, 3.3 km N. Carnarvon, WA; (J) L. rubella, stage 45, 137 km N. Tennant Ck, NT; (K) L. rubella, stage 45, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (L) L. larisonans sp. nov. stage 46, Carnarvon, WA; (M) L. pyrina sp. nov., stage 46, Julatten, Qld" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
), as observed in specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FB51346BFACFDA16" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1181,1292,1086,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FB51346BFACFDA16" box="[1181,1292,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from central
<collectingCountry id="F36140C4657BFFF3FF5B3436FEC2DA32" box="[151,257,1122,1148]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B34D2FDE8DAA6" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B34D2FE01DAEE" box="[199,450,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Tadpole colour in life.</emphasis>
Tadpoles collected from Rous Creek and Carnarvon, WA were similar in dorsal, lateral and ventral pigmentation to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FDF634FFFD69DA8A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[570,682,1194,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FDF634FFFD69DA8A" box="[570,682,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">L. rubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. see
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FCD434FEFCACDA8A" box="[792,879,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,247,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[254,1334,152,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[252,1336,151,1802]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tadpoles of the Litoria rubella species complex in life. (A, B) Litoria rubella stage 37, lateral view, Micket Creek, Darwin, NT; (C) L. rubella dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41 and 35, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (D) L. rubella, dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41, 35, 108 km N. Threeways Roadhouse, NT; (E) L. rubella, in natural habitat, dorsal view, showing characteristic darker middorsal patch, 9 km W. Cobar, NSW; (F) L. pyrina sp. nov., lateral view, stage 38, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (G) L. pyrina sp. nov., dorsal view, stages (from top) 43, 41, 40, 29, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (H, I) L. larisonans sp. nov. leucistic individual, stage 37, lateral view, dorsal view, 3.3 km N. Carnarvon, WA; (J) L. rubella, stage 45, 137 km N. Tennant Ck, NT; (K) L. rubella, stage 45, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (L) L. larisonans sp. nov. stage 46, Carnarvon, WA; (M) L. pyrina sp. nov., stage 46, Julatten, Qld" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
).
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD657BFFF3FC4834FEFBE6DA8A" box="[900,1061,1194,1220]" count="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
at stage 36 from Carnarvon, WA (
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FF53349AFECDDAA6" box="[159,270,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,247,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[254,1334,152,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[252,1336,151,1802]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tadpoles of the Litoria rubella species complex in life. (A, B) Litoria rubella stage 37, lateral view, Micket Creek, Darwin, NT; (C) L. rubella dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41 and 35, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (D) L. rubella, dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41, 35, 108 km N. Threeways Roadhouse, NT; (E) L. rubella, in natural habitat, dorsal view, showing characteristic darker middorsal patch, 9 km W. Cobar, NSW; (F) L. pyrina sp. nov., lateral view, stage 38, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (G) L. pyrina sp. nov., dorsal view, stages (from top) 43, 41, 40, 29, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (H, I) L. larisonans sp. nov. leucistic individual, stage 37, lateral view, dorsal view, 3.3 km N. Carnarvon, WA; (J) L. rubella, stage 45, 137 km N. Tennant Ck, NT; (K) L. rubella, stage 45, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (L) L. larisonans sp. nov. stage 46, Carnarvon, WA; (M) L. pyrina sp. nov., stage 46, Julatten, Qld" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 8H, I</figureCitation>
) was atypically leucistic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B34A6FC3EDB36" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B34A6FE9FDB42" box="[199,348,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Metamorphs.</emphasis>
A sample of four metamorphs from Carnarvon, WA ranged from 17.0–18.0 mm (mean 17.5). Metamorphs are reddish-brown with much reduced or no dark streaks on each side of vertebral region or in each inguinal region (
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FE9C356EFE65DB1A" box="[336,422,1338,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,247,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[254,1334,152,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[252,1336,151,1802]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tadpoles of the Litoria rubella species complex in life. (A, B) Litoria rubella stage 37, lateral view, Micket Creek, Darwin, NT; (C) L. rubella dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41 and 35, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (D) L. rubella, dorsal view, stages (from top) 42, 41, 35, 108 km N. Threeways Roadhouse, NT; (E) L. rubella, in natural habitat, dorsal view, showing characteristic darker middorsal patch, 9 km W. Cobar, NSW; (F) L. pyrina sp. nov., lateral view, stage 38, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (G) L. pyrina sp. nov., dorsal view, stages (from top) 43, 41, 40, 29, 39 km N. Maryborough, Qld; (H, I) L. larisonans sp. nov. leucistic individual, stage 37, lateral view, dorsal view, 3.3 km N. Carnarvon, WA; (J) L. rubella, stage 45, 137 km N. Tennant Ck, NT; (K) L. rubella, stage 45, Fogg Dam Rd, NT; (L) L. larisonans sp. nov. stage 46, Carnarvon, WA; (M) L. pyrina sp. nov., stage 46, Julatten, Qld" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 8L</figureCitation>
). The iris is coppery red. As in adults, a broad, dark brown lateral stripe extends from snout to groin but the white stripe beneath it from snout to armpit is poorly defined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B35D6FD27D846" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B35D6FE6EDBD2" bold="true" box="[199,429,1410,1436]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
Call descriptions are based on the calls of
<specimenCount id="9D70CBDD657BFFF3FCB135D6FC23DBD2" box="[893,992,1410,1436]" count="14" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
(
<tableCitation id="C6F435EF657BFFF3FC2135D6FB81DBD2" box="[1005,1090,1410,1436]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,239,1158,1182]" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of temperature-corrected advertisement call characters for each species overall, and for lineages within L. rubella and L. pyrina sp. nov. N = number of individuals analysed. Columns contain the average±standard deviation, minimum and maximum." pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Table 4</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FB8035D6FB4EDBD3" box="[1100,1165,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[152,1430,418,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-180@18.[151,1436,417,1698]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male advertisement calls. Violin plots of (A) temperature-corrected pulse number, (B) dominant frequency, (C) call duration, and (E) pulse rate by lineage. Recordings of calls from a genetically unsampled area are classified as unknown (green). A map of all recordings is shown in (F). Dominant frequency (B), which varies geographically in L. rubella sensu stricto, is shown plotted by longitude (D). Unknown samples are more similar in dominant frequency to L. rubella MDB than to L. pyrina sp. nov. S. Where L. rubella calls resemble L. pyrina sp. nov., they are geographically separated; the sole L. pyrina sp. nov. S with a similar dominant frequency to the unknown sample (D, yellow dot in green) is from the northernmost location of L. pyrina sp. nov. S." pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The advertisement call of
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FF7935F3FE8ADB8E" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[181,329,1446,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF7935F3FE8ADB8E" box="[181,329,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">L. larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FE9C35F2FE69DB8E" bold="true" box="[336,426,1446,1472]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D657BFFF3FE9C35F2FE69DB8E" box="[336,426,1446,1472]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
comprises a single, highly-pulsed note (
<figureCitation id="134D1CD1657BFFF3FCA135F2FC71DB8E" box="[877,946,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,978,1002]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,183,949]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,954]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oscillograms and spectrograms for Litoria rubella (A-D), the L. larisonans sp. nov. holotype (WAM R174603); E), and L. pyrina sp. nov. (G-H). Geographic variation in calls of L. rubella and L. pyrina sp. nov. is shown, with locations for each figure shown in (F) and lineage designations matching Fig. 5. Calls recorded by P. Doughy (A &amp; E), R. Catullo (C &amp; G), and through the FrogID citizen science project (B, D &amp; H)." pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), sounding like a harsh screech. Individuals had a call duration of 0.56–
<geoCoordinate id="EE426693657BFFF3FE01359EFDCDDBAB" box="[461,526,1482,1509]" degrees="1.03" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" precision="555" value="-1.03">1.03 s</geoCoordinate>
and 32–66 uniformly spaced pulses, repeated at a rate of 55.7–75.1 pulses/s. The dominant frequency ranged between 1.67–2.24 kHz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF657BFFF3FF0B3646FB19D992" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B3646FCF8D81E" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B3646FE8DD862" bold="true" box="[199,334,1554,1580]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FDE83646FD65D862" authority="(Latin)" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Latin" box="[548,678,1554,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans">
“
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FDFC3646FD65D862" box="[560,678,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (Latin) refers to the gull-like male advertisement call characteristic of the species (
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FE8C3663FEB2D81E" box="[320,369,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">ona,</emphasis>
“sounds like” and
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FD8A3663FD13D81E" authority=", Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[582,720,1590,1616]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FD8A3663FD4DD81E" box="[582,654,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Larus,</emphasis>
Latin
</taxonomicName>
for gull).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657BFFF3FF0B360EFB19D992" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF0B360EFE03D83A" bold="true" box="[199,448,1626,1652]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Habitat and ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FE05360FFD55D83A" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[457,662,1626,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FE05360FFD55D83A" box="[457,662,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FD53360EFD38D83A" bold="true" box="[671,763,1626,1652]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D657BFFF3FD53360EFD38D83A" box="[671,763,1626,1652]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are found in a wide range of habitats including woodland, plains, rocky ranges, and deserts from arid inland to coastal regions. It uses large rock crevices, tree hollows and leaf litter for shelter. Males call from the ground, trees, shrubs, or rocky areas besides permanent and ephemeral water sources in both natural and disturbed habitats. In remote arid areas, it is generally confined to ranges or larger watercourses. They are frequently found in sinks, drainpipes and toilets. In hot and dry environments, animals are generally found resting in a water conserving posture with a whitish colouration to reduce cutaneous water loss.
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FF1E3767FE5CD902" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[210,415,1842,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FF1E3767FE5CD902" box="[210,415,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FE643766FDC0D902" bold="true" box="[424,515,1842,1868]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D657BFFF3FE643766FDC0D902" box="[424,515,1842,1868]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has been detected calling in all months via the FrogID project, but most records are between November and March. Males are commonly heard calling in disturbed areas, with 21% of FrogID records of the species documented as being in suburban or urban habitats and 26% of records in rural areas.
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657BFFF3FA82372FFECED9F6" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FA82372FFECED9F6" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC46657BFFF3FED437CAFEB6D9F6" bold="true" box="[280,373,1950,1976]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D657BFFF3FED437CAFEB6D9F6" box="[280,373,1950,1976]" pageId="40" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
breeds primarily in lentic waterbodies, with the majority of FrogID records of this species documented by users as being in flooded areas (26%), small ponds (21%) and large ponds (11%).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C53DF657AFFF2FF0B30C2FD2DDFBA" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC90054657AFFF2FF0B30C2FAC9DFC6" blockId="41.[151,1437,150,500]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FF0B30C2FDBCDEFE" bold="true" box="[199,639,150,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">Distribution and conservation status.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657AFFF2FD4A30C3FC93DEFE" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[646,848,150,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FD4A30C3FC93DEFE" box="[646,848,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FC9A30C2FC6CDEFE" bold="true" box="[854,943,150,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D657AFFF2FC9A30C2FC6CDEFE" box="[854,943,150,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is restricted to the western arid zone of WA. The northern extent of its distribution occurs along the southern boundary of the Great Sandy Desert. It occurs to the wEsT Of ThE GibsOn And GREAT VicTORiAn DEsERTs,And nORTh Of AppROximATELy LATiTUdE
<geoCoordinate id="EE426693657AFFF2FBE530B4FBA2DEB5" box="[1065,1121,224,251]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" precision="925" value="-29.0">29⁰S</geoCoordinate>
. NEw RAngE ExTEnsiOns TO ThE south have been recorded every few years over the last 20 years (PD via WA Museum database records, unpublished data). This is a widely distributed species and can be very abundant where it occurs. Although conservation status requires formal assessment, owing to its range size (Extent of Occurrence&gt;
<quantity id="4C8EADB1657AFFF2FC3B311EFBBBDF2A" box="[1015,1144,330,356]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" unit="km" value="800000.0">800,000km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C03AD1C657AFFF2FBBB311EFBBCDF16" attach="left" box="[1143,1151,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">2</superScript>
) and absence of obvious threats, it meets the criteria for Least Concern (International Union for Conservation of Nature 2012).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC90054657AFFF2FF0B31C6FD2DDFBA" blockId="41.[151,1437,150,500]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FF0B31C6FD8ADFE2" bold="true" box="[199,585,402,428]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657AFFF2FD9D31C7FCDFDFE2" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[593,796,402,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FD9D31C7FCDFDFE2" box="[593,796,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">Litoria larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FCEF31C6FCBEDFE2" bold="true" box="[803,893,402,428]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D657AFFF2FCEF31C6FCBEDFE2" box="[803,893,402,428]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is not sympatric with any congeners (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5657AFFF2FAE431C6FF35DF9E" author="Rowley, J. J. L. &amp; Mahony, M. J. &amp; Hines, H. B. &amp; Myers, S. &amp; Price, L. C. &amp; Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C." pageId="41" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32792" refString="Rowley, J. J. L., Mahony, M. J., Hines, H. B., Myers, S., Price, L. C., Shea, G. M. &amp; Donnellan, S. C. (2021) Two new frog species from the Litoria rubella species group from eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 5071 (1), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Rowley
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FA4431C7FF6EDF9E" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE77DA5657AFFF2FECD31E2FE60DF9E" author="Menzies, J." box="[257,419,438,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" refId="ref31753" refString="Menzies, J. ed. (2006) The frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Pensoft, Sofia, 345 pp." type="book" year="2006">Menzies 2006</bibRefCitation>
). No morphological or acoustic characters are known to reliably diagnose
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657AFFF2FB2C31E3FAB7DF9E" authorityName="Purser &amp; Doughty &amp; Rowley &amp; Böhme &amp; Donnellan &amp; Mitchell &amp; Shea &amp; Amey &amp; Mitchell &amp; Catullo" authorityYear="2025" box="[1248,1396,438,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larisonans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FB2C31E3FAB7DF9E" box="[1248,1396,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">L. larisonans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FAB731E2FF0BDFBA" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A231613D657AFFF2FAB731E2FF0BDFBA" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from the
<taxonomicName id="4C767BD7657AFFF2FEFA318FFE67DFBA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[310,420,474,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubella">
<emphasis id="B902DC46657AFFF2FEFA318FFE67DFBA" box="[310,420,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="310">L. rubella</emphasis>
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population in the Kimberley.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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164
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Key to Brazilian species of
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<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AFEA5CFE2B4A8DE8" bold="true" box="[489,605,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Lytopylus</emphasis>
Foerster, 1862
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1. Flagellum black with apical flagellomeres pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AD065CB52A7B8DAB" box="[773,876,220,242]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1A‒I. Lytopylus melanoflavus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female. A—Lateral habitus. B— Head and mesosoma, lateral. C—Head, front view. D—Propodeum, dorsal view. E—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. F— Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Fore wing detail showing the second submarginal cell. I—Hind wing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954258/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
); anterior transverse carina of propodeum absent (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AB5F5CB528178C55" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1A‒I. Lytopylus melanoflavus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female. A—Lateral habitus. B— Head and mesosoma, lateral. C—Head, front view. D—Propodeum, dorsal view. E—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. F— Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Fore wing detail showing the second submarginal cell. I—Hind wing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954258/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
)...............................................
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<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AD425C902D3C8C55" bold="true" box="[833,1067,249,271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Lytopylus melanoflavus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB0FFF2AB535C932C8B8C55" box="[1360,1436,250,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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- Flagellum entirely black (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AFDA5D7E2B288C76" box="[473,575,279,301]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2A‒H. Lytopylus minimus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Propodeum, dorsal view. F—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954260/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
,
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); anterior transverse carina of propodeum present (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AA515D7E2DA28C76" box="[1106,1205,279,301]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2A‒H. Lytopylus minimus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Propodeum, dorsal view. F—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954260/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AABC5D7E2DCA8C76" box="[1215,1245,279,300]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3A‒H. Lytopylus tigrinus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Fore wings. F—Hind wing. G—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. H—Propodeum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954262/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">3H</figureCitation>
).............. 2
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2 (1).
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with dark brown or black markings: ventrally at propleuron and mesopleuron, two longitudinal stripes at mesonotum, and most of metanotum....................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AA405D382C8B8C3D" authority="(Enderlein 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1091,1436,337,359]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigata">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AA405D382DE48C3C" bold="true" box="[1091,1267,337,359]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Lytopylus strigata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B7CFFB0FFF2AAFC5D382C828C3D" author="Enderlein, G." box="[1279,1429,337,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="51 - 224" refId="ref4474" refString="Enderlein, G. (1920) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Braconiden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Series A, 84, 51-224. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13627" type="journal article" year="1920">Enderlein 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
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<keyLead id="30A495B8FFB0FFF2AE945D062C8B8CDE" box="[151,1436,367,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
-
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entirely or nearly entirely yellow................................................................ 3
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3 (2). Median tergites entirely yellow; hind tibia pale basally, black apically (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AD885DE52D038CFB" box="[907,1044,396,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2A‒H. Lytopylus minimus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Propodeum, dorsal view. F—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954260/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figure 2A, 2F</figureCitation>
).....................................................................................
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<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AD735DC02D3B8CE4" bold="true" box="[880,1068,425,447]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Lytopylus minimus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
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<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AB535DC32C8B8CE5" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,426,447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB0FFF2AB535DC32C8B8CE5" box="[1360,1436,426,447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AE945DAE2C8B8CA3" blockId="2.[151,1437,220,506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<keyLead id="30A495B8FFB0FFF2AE945DAE2C8B8CA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
- Median tergites mostly black (base of the second tergite onwards black); hind tibia black basally and distally (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AAE55DAE2C668C86" box="[1254,1393,455,477]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3A‒H. Lytopylus tigrinus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Fore wings. F—Hind wing. G—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. H—Propodeum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954262/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figure 3A, 3G</figureCitation>
)..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AD7A5D8D2C5D8CA0" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[889,1354,484,506]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AD7A5D8D2D3C8CA3" bold="true" box="[889,1067,484,506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Lytopylus tigrinus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AB535D8D2C8B8CA3" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,484,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB0FFF2AB535D8D2C8B8CA3" box="[1360,1436,484,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/03/FC/87/03FC879BFFB0FFF2AE945E252B608BBD.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="A0C1B89E435FB8E729D401E42B6A8610">Three new species of Lytopylus Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="604E7087392F6571913F9B983C011EDD">Silva, Antonielson B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="33336B7D12F036C1FAC7CF4088A5DD3A">Universidade Federal do Pará / Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Básico, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, CEP 66075 - 110, Guamá. Belém, Pará, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="9A0A40952E052CF09C28DCB344665AE5">CIRAD, CBGP, F- 34398 Montpellier, France &amp; CBGP, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235, 13565 - 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0A281E1FFB0FFF2AE945E252A988F3D" bold="true" box="[151,911,588,615]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AE945E252A988F3D" bold="true" box="[151,911,588,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AE945E252A3D8F3D" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,810,588,615]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanoflavus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AE945E2528A18F3D" bold="true" box="[151,438,588,615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Lytopylus melanoflavus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB0FFF2AD325E242A988F3D" box="[817,911,589,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AE945E1928308FD1" box="[151,295,624,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AE945E1928308FD1" blockId="2.[151,911,588,651]" box="[151,295,624,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
(
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AE9C5E1928098FD1" box="[159,286,624,651]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1A‒I. Lytopylus melanoflavus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female. A—Lateral habitus. B— Head and mesosoma, lateral. C—Head, front view. D—Propodeum, dorsal view. E—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. F— Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Fore wing detail showing the second submarginal cell. I—Hind wing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954258/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Figs 1 A– I</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AE945ED02BF18FAD" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AE945ED02BF18FAD" blockId="2.[151,1437,696,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AE945ED028528F88" bold="true" box="[151,325,696,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CD0FFB0FFF2AF485ED02BF18FAD" collectingDate="2014-11" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Azevedo, S. S." country="Brazil" county="Manaus" latitude="-2.95" location="Malaise" municipality="Reserva Ducke" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AF485ED02B008F88" bold="true" box="[331,535,696,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<typeStatus id="54EE882FFFB0FFF2AF485ED028AF8F89" box="[331,440,697,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F342761DFFB0FFF2AC1D5ED12B728F88" box="[542,613,696,722]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4991F86FFFB0FFF2AC6D5ED02BF08F89" box="[622,743,697,723]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="628B4E01FFB0FFF2ACF15ED02A5A8F89" box="[754,845,697,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Manaus</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EACF7FFB0FFF2AD5B5ED02D128F88" box="[856,1029,696,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Reserva Ducke</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504AFFB0FFF2AA135ED32D4C8F8F" box="[1040,1115,698,725]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" precision="925" value="-2.95">2°57′S</geoCoordinate>
59°55″W, L8-4500,
<location id="8E8A6056FFB0FFF2AB475ED12C8A8F88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC879BFFB0FFF2AE945E252B608BBD:8E8A6056FFB0FFF2AB475ED12C8A8F88" box="[1348,1437,696,722]" country="Brazil" county="Manaus" latitude="-2.95" municipality="Reserva Ducke" name="Malaise" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Amazonas">Malaise</location>
2,
<location id="8E8A6056FFB0FFF2AEB05EB5281D8FAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC879BFFB0FFF2AE945E252B608BBD:8E8A6056FFB0FFF2AEB05EB5281D8FAC" box="[179,266,732,758]" country="Brazil" county="Manaus" latitude="-2.95" municipality="Reserva Ducke" name="Periodo" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Amazonas">Período</location>
24h,
<date id="FFEB104DFFB0FFF2AF495EB428B98FAD" box="[330,430,733,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="2014-11">
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9A5FFB0FFF2AF495EB428B98FAD" box="[330,430,733,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" value="2014-11">XI-2014</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26A0535BFFB0FFF2AFB45EB52B428FAD" box="[439,597,732,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Azevedo, S.S.</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE48FFB0FFF2AC975EB42BCD8FAD" box="[660,730,733,759]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">INPA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AEC45F692BEE8EF1" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC45F6928558E40" bold="true" box="[199,322,768,794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
May be distinguished from all other known members of the genus by the following combination of characters: antenna with 34 flagellomeres, mostly black with 15 apical flagellomeres pale yellow; fore wing and hind wing entirely infuscate; fore wing second submarginal cell quadrate; mesoscutum entirely orange-yellow; propodeum with areola wide and well developed, and anterior transversal carina absent; median tergites entirely orange-yellow; ovipositor 1.0× longer than metasoma.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AEC45FDD289F8824" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AEC45FDD2A298E95" blockId="2.[151,1437,696,1767]" box="[199,830,948,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC45FDD28D18E94" bold="true" box="[199,454,948,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Description of female</emphasis>
. Body length
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(
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2ACDB5FDD2A268E95" box="[728,817,948,975]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1435,179,1528]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1A‒I. Lytopylus melanoflavus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female. A—Lateral habitus. B— Head and mesosoma, lateral. C—Head, front view. D—Propodeum, dorsal view. E—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. F— Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Fore wing detail showing the second submarginal cell. I—Hind wing" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954258/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AEC45FB1288C8801" blockId="2.[151,1437,696,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC45FB128138EA8" box="[199,260,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Head</emphasis>
: Antenna with 34 flagellomeres,
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB0FFF2AC855FB02BF58EA9" box="[646,738,985,1011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
; head transverse in dorsal view, about 2.1× wider than long.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AE945F942818894C" box="[151,271,1021,1046]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AE945F942818894C" box="[151,271,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Mesosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Scutellar sulcus with one median longitudinal carina; median areola of metanotum well defined with lateral and centrally sharp carinae. Fore wing entirely infuscate, length
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB0FFF2ADC158492D3D8961" box="[962,1066,1056,1083]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="8.16">8.16 mm</quantity>
; second submarginal cell of fore wing quadrate, height
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; (RS+M) a well-developed, almost complete but not tubular at midlength. Propodeum with well-defined median areola; areola wider anteriorly, length 4.4× its width; anterior transverse carinae absent.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AE9458E4281B89FC" box="[151,268,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Metasoma</emphasis>
: First median tergite with 2 distinct lateral longitudinal carinae extending 3/4 the length of the median tergite; median syntergite 2+3 1.2× longer than wide; metasoma 1.0× longer than the ovipositor.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AAF958D92C2C8990" box="[1274,1339,1200,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Color" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AAF958D92C2C8990" box="[1274,1339,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Color</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Mostly orangish-yellow, except: antenna black (except 15 apical flagellomeres pale yellow, and pedicel and scape yellowish brown), mandible teeth, tarsal claws, apex of the posterior tibia, and the entire posterior tarsus, dark brown; vertex of head mostly yellowish brown, wings entirely infuscated, ovipositor and ovipositor sheath dark brown with light brown ovipositor apex.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC4590C281C8825" bold="true" box="[199,267,1381,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AEC459E12B8288F9" box="[199,661,1416,1443]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AEC459E12B8288F9" blockId="2.[151,1437,696,1767]" box="[199,661,1416,1443]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC459E1287688F8" bold="true" box="[199,353,1416,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="4991F86FFFB0FFF2AF6559E028CB88F9" box="[358,476,1417,1443]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F342761DFFB0FFF2AFE859E12B2588F8" box="[491,562,1416,1442]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB0FFF2AC4A59E12B9A88F9" box="[585,653,1416,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-195@7.[151,1436,633,1750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of species of Lytopylus Foerster, 1862 in Brazil. Brazilian states in which the species was recorded are highlighted in gray. The circle represents the specimen L. melanoflavus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., triangle L. tigrinus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., square L. minimus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., and star L. strigata (Enderlein, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AEC459C528CD889C" box="[199,474,1452,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AEC459C528CD889C" blockId="2.[151,1437,696,1767]" box="[199,474,1452,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC459C52830889C" bold="true" box="[199,295,1452,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Biology.</emphasis>
Host unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AEC459B82BEB8B54" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AEC459B82BEB8B54" blockId="2.[151,1437,696,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC459B8285F88B1" bold="true" box="[199,328,1489,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AC3959B82BCB88B0" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[570,732,1488,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanoflavus">
“
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AC4459B92BCB88B0" box="[583,732,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">melanoflavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” was chosen because the species has the antenna mostly black (
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEA2599D29E48B54" box="[161,243,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">melano</emphasis>
in Latin) but apically yellow (
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AC4A599D2B9B8B54" box="[585,652,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">flavus</emphasis>
in Latin).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB0FFF2AEC45A712B608BBD" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB0FFF2AEC45A712B608BBD" blockId="2.[151,1437,696,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AEC45A7128528B68" bold="true" box="[199,325,1560,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Discussion</emphasis>
. The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2ACB25A712D678B68" authority="(Sharkey, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Sharkey" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[689,1136,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysokeras">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2ACB25A712AB98B68" box="[689,942,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">Lytopylus chrysokeras</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B7CFFB0FFF2ADBC5A712D7F8B68" author="Sharkey, M. J. &amp; Laurenne, N. M. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Sharanowski, B. &amp; Murray, D." box="[959,1128,1560,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" pagination="546 - 567" refId="ref5119" refString="Sharkey, M. J., Laurenne, N. M., Quicke, D. L. J., Sharanowski, B. &amp; Murray, D. (2006) Revision of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with comparisons of static and dynamic alignments. Cladistics, 22, 546-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00121.x" type="journal article" year="2006">Sharkey, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, in having a yellow body, black antenna with apical flagellomeres pale yellow, and the propodeum with a well-defined median areola, which is wider anteriorly. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AC115A082BA18B20" baseAuthorityName="Sharkey" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[530,694,1632,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysokeras">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AC115A082B358B20" box="[530,546,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AC2C5A092BA18B20" box="[559,694,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">chrysokeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its larger size (body length
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compared with
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB0FFF2AB0D5A092C738B21" box="[1294,1380,1632,1659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AB855A0828098BC4" baseAuthorityName="Sharkey" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysokeras">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AB855A082C818B20" box="[1414,1430,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AE945AED28098BC4" box="[151,286,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">chrysokeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), antenna with more yellow flagellomeres apically (15 compared with
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB0FFF2AA425AED2D9E8BC4" box="[1089,1161,1668,1694]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AA925AEC2C218BC4" baseAuthorityName="Sharkey" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1169,1334,1668,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysokeras">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AA925AEC2DB68BC4" box="[1169,1185,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AAAC5AED2C218BC4" box="[1199,1334,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">chrysokeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), second submarginal cell of fore wing quadrate (triangular and sessile in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AD925AC02D2D8B98" baseAuthorityName="Sharkey" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[913,1082,1704,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysokeras">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AD925AC02AB68B98" box="[913,929,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2ADB05AC12D2D8B98" box="[947,1082,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">chrysokeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and wings entirely infuscate (infuscate only apically in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB0FFF2AFC15AA42B718BBC" baseAuthorityName="Sharkey" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[450,614,1740,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysokeras">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AFC15AA428C58BBC" box="[450,466,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB0FFF2AFDC5AA52B718BBC" box="[479,614,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="169">chrysokeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

280
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<mods:title id="5EC97017EE486B21B97F1BA230DCD5E1">Three new species of Lytopylus Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB1FFF3AE945A812BE68A59" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,753,1768,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB1FFF3AE945A81286A8A59" bold="true" box="[151,381,1768,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Lytopylus minimus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
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(
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)
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<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB1FFF3AE945B3C2AE48AC9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1876,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB1FFF3AE945B3C28518A34" bold="true" box="[151,326,1876,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CD0FFB1FFF3AF4E5B3C2AE48AC9" collectingDate="2017-08-24" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Carvalho, G. S." country="Brazil" county="Tangara da Serra" latitude="-14.310178" location="Cerrado" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.746387" municipality="Faz Aparecida da Serra" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB1FFF3AF4E5B3C2B0C8A34" bold="true" box="[333,539,1876,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<typeStatus id="54EE882FFFB1FFF3AF4E5B3C28AD8A35" box="[333,442,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F342761DFFB1FFF3AC215B3C2B7E8A35" box="[546,617,1877,1903]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4991F86FFFB1FFF3AC765B3C2A1D8A35" box="[629,778,1877,1903]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="628B4E01FFB1FFF3AD155B3C2AC08A35" box="[790,983,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Tangará da Serra</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EACF7FFB1FFF3ADE05B3C2DFA8A35" box="[995,1261,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Faz Aparecida da Serra</collectingMunicipality>
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE61504AFFB1FFF3AE945B1328528ACF" box="[151,325,1914,1941]" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" precision="1" seconds="47.00" value="-57.746387">57°44′47.00″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="8E8A6056FFB1FFF3AF525B1028B98AC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC879BFFB1FFF5AE945A812877886B:8E8A6056FFB1FFF3AF525B1028B98AC9" box="[337,430,1913,1939]" country="Brazil" county="Tangara da Serra" latitude="-14.310178" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.746387" municipality="Faz Aparecida da Serra" name="Cerrado" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Cerrado</location>
,
<location id="8E8A6056FFB1FFF3AFBA5B102B038AC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC879BFFB1FFF5AE945A812877886B:8E8A6056FFB1FFF3AFBA5B102B038AC9" box="[441,532,1913,1939]" country="Brazil" county="Tangara da Serra" latitude="-14.310178" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.746387" municipality="Faz Aparecida da Serra" name="Malaise" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Malaise</location>
,
<date id="FFEB104DFFB1FFF3AC235B102BAD8AC9" box="[544,698,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" value="2017-08-24">
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9A5FFB1FFF3AC235B102BAD8AC9" box="[544,698,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" value="2017-08-24">24.VIII.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26A0535BFFB1FFF3ACC75B102A7D8AC9" box="[708,874,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Carvalho, G.S.</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE48FFB1FFF3ADAA5B102AFB8AC9" box="[937,1004,1913,1939]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2A6605FFB6FFF4AE945B7E2BE98A22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954260/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" startId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1790]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB6FFF4AE945B7E2BE98A22" blockId="4.[151,1436,1815,1912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB6FFF4AE945B7E28538A75" bold="true" box="[151,324,1815,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 2A‒H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB6FFF4AF4B5B712A3C8A6A" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[328,811,1816,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB6FFF4AF4B5B712B128A75" box="[328,517,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Lytopylus minimus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB6FFF4AD2C5B712A698A6A" bold="true" box="[815,894,1816,1840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB6FFF4AD2C5B712A698A6A" box="[815,894,1816,1840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Propodeum, dorsal view. F—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Hind wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45CFE2AA48D8F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CD0FFB7FFF5AEC45CFE2AA48D8F" collectingDate="2017-08-24" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Carvalho, G. S." country="Brazil" county="Tangara da Serra" latitude="-14.310178" location="Cerrado" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.746387" municipality="Faz Aparecida da Serra" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45CFE28238DEB" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<typeStatus id="54EE882FFFB7FFF5AEC45CFE28238DEB" box="[199,308,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F342761DFFB7FFF5AF445CFE28998DEB" box="[327,398,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4991F86FFFB7FFF5AF9E5CFE2B228DEB" box="[413,565,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="628B4E01FFB7FFF5AC405CFE2A1C8DEB" box="[579,779,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Tangará da Serra</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EACF7FFB7FFF5AD195CFE2D3B8DEB" box="[794,1068,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Faz Aparecida da Serra</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504AFFB7FFF5AA385CF12DC88DE9" box="[1083,1247,152,179]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" precision="1" seconds="36.64" value="-14.310178">14°18′36.64″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504AFFB7FFF5AAEA5CF12C8F8DE9" box="[1257,1432,152,179]" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" precision="1" seconds="47.00" value="-57.746387">57°44′47.00″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="8E8A6056FFB7FFF5AE945CD229E38D8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC879BFFB1FFF5AE945A812877886B:8E8A6056FFB7FFF5AE945CD229E38D8F" box="[151,244,187,213]" country="Brazil" county="Tangara da Serra" latitude="-14.310178" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.746387" municipality="Faz Aparecida da Serra" name="Cerrado" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Cerrado</location>
,
<location id="8E8A6056FFB7FFF5AEFC5CD2284D8D8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC879BFFB1FFF5AE945A812877886B:8E8A6056FFB7FFF5AEFC5CD2284D8D8F" box="[255,346,187,213]" country="Brazil" county="Tangara da Serra" latitude="-14.310178" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-57.746387" municipality="Faz Aparecida da Serra" name="Malaise" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Malaise</location>
,
<date id="FFEB104DFFB7FFF5AF655CD22B178D8F" box="[358,512,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" value="2017-08-24">
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9A5FFB7FFF5AF655CD22B178D8F" box="[358,512,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" value="2017-08-24">24.VIII.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26A0535BFFB7FFF5AC095CD22BA78D8F" box="[522,688,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Carvalho, G.S.</collectorName>
col. (
<specimenCount id="9D53FD04FFB7FFF5ACF35CD22A778D8F" box="[752,864,187,213]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED44AE48FFB7FFF5AD685CD22ABB8D8F" box="[875,940,187,213]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF5AEC45CB728A98CD3" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45CB728A98CD3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45CB728558DA2" bold="true" box="[199,322,222,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
May be distinguished from all other known members of the genus by the following combination of characters: antenna with 31 flagellomeres; fore and hind wing entirely infuscated, fore wing second submarginal cell triangular and petiolate anteriorly; mesoscutum entirely orange-yellow; propodeal areola wide and well developed, anterior transversal carina of propodeum present; base of the first posterior tarsi orange yellow; metasoma 1.2–1.5× longer than the ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF5AEC45DFB289F8E63" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45DFB2A758CF7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" box="[199,866,402,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45DFB28D18CF6" bold="true" box="[199,454,402,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Description of female</emphasis>
. Body length
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB7FFF5AC665DFA2BFB8CF7" box="[613,748,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.3 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB7FFF5ACF85DFA2A428CF7" box="[763,853,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1435,179,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2A‒H. Lytopylus minimus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Propodeum, dorsal view. F—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. G—Fore wings. H—Hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45DDE2C608E4F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45DDE28138C8B" box="[199,260,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Head</emphasis>
: Antenna with 31 flagellomeres,
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB7FFF5AC855DDF2BF58C8B" box="[646,738,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; head transverse in dorsal view, about 2.4× wider than long.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5AE945DB228188CAE" box="[151,271,475,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AE945DB228188CAE" box="[151,271,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Mesosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Scutellar sulcus with one median longitudinal carina; median areola of metanotum well defined with lateral and centrally sharp carinae. Fore wing mostly infuscate, length
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB7FFF5ADAB5D962D258F43" box="[936,1074,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.4 mm</quantity>
; second submarginal cell of fore wing triangular and petiolate anteriorly, height
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB7FFF5ACBF5E4A2A718F67" box="[700,870,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="0.115" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.13 mm</quantity>
; (RS+M) a well-developed, almost complete but not tubular at midlength. Propodeum with well-defined median areola; areola wider anteriorly, length 3.2–3.3× its width; anterior transverse carinae present and reaching lateral margin.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AD9C5E022D038FDE" box="[927,1044,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Metasoma</emphasis>
: First median tergite with 2 distinct lateral longitudinal carinae extending 3/5–4/5 length of the median tergite; median syntergite 2+3 1.0 –1.1× longer than wide; metasoma 1.2–1.5× longer than ovipositor.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5ACFF5EDA2A2A8F97" box="[764,829,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Color" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ACFF5EDA2A2A8F97" box="[764,829,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Color</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Mostly orange yellow, except: antenna black (except pedicel and scape orange yellow on the ventral side), jaw teeth, tarsal claws, apex of posterior tibia, posterior tarsi and ovipositor sheath, black; base of first posterior tarsi and ovipositor orange yellow; wings entirely infuscate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45F76289F8E63" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" box="[199,392,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45F76281C8E63" bold="true" box="[199,267,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF5AEC45F2B2BA58E07" box="[199,690,834,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45F2B2BA58E07" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" box="[199,690,834,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45F2B28768E06" bold="true" box="[199,353,834,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="4991F86FFFB7FFF5AF645F2A28EE8E07" box="[359,505,835,861]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F342761DFFB7FFF5AC0B5F2A2B588E07" box="[520,591,835,861]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB7FFF5AC655F2A2BBD8E07" box="[614,682,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-195@7.[151,1436,633,1750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of species of Lytopylus Foerster, 1862 in Brazil. Brazilian states in which the species was recorded are highlighted in gray. The circle represents the specimen L. melanoflavus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., triangle L. tigrinus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., square L. minimus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., and star L. strigata (Enderlein, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954266/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF5AEC45F0F28CD8EDB" box="[199,474,870,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45F0F28CD8EDB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" box="[199,474,870,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45F0F28308EDA" bold="true" box="[199,295,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Biology.</emphasis>
Host unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF5AEC45FE228158EB7" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45FE228158EB7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45FE2285F8EFF" bold="true" box="[199,328,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5AC415FE22BA38EFF" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[578,692,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
“
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AC4C5FE22BA38EFF" box="[591,692,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ACB05FE22BAA8EFF" box="[691,701,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">”</emphasis>
was chosen because the species is one of the smallest in length within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5AF555FC628D58E93" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[342,450,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AF555FC628D58E93" box="[342,450,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Lytopylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measuring
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB7FFF5AC495FC62BC68E93" box="[586,721,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.3 mm</quantity>
in length whereas most described species are more than 5.0 mm in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF5AEC45F9F2877886B" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45F9F2877886B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45F9F2852894A" bold="true" box="[199,325,1014,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Discussion</emphasis>
. The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5ACBD5F9E2D75894B" authority="Kang, 2017" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[702,1122,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johanvalerioi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ACBD5F9E2ADA894B" box="[702,973,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Lytopylus johanvalerioi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B7CFFB7FFF5ADDB5F9E2D75894B" author="Kang, I. &amp; Chapman, E. G. &amp; Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W. &amp; Dapkey, T. &amp; Smith, M. A. &amp; Sharkey, M. J." box="[984,1122,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" pagination="93 - 158" refId="ref4604" refString="Kang, I., Chapman, E. G., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., Dapkey, T., Smith, M. A. &amp; Sharkey, M. J. (2017) Revision of the species of Lytopylus from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae). ZooKeys, 721, 93-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.20287" type="journal article" year="2017">Kang, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, sharing several characters such as wings entirely infuscate, one median longitudinal carina at scutellar sulcus, median propodeal areola with well-defined margins, complete anterior transverse carina of propodeum reaching the lateral margin, and second submarginal cell of fore wing triangular and petiolate. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5ADBE580A2D628927" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[957,1141,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johanvalerioi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ADBE580A2ADA8926" box="[957,973,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ADDD580A2D628927" box="[990,1141,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">johanvalerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the smaller size (body length
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compared with
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB7FFF5AC2858EE2B9489FB" box="[555,643,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5ACA858EE2A7589FB" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[683,866,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johanvalerioi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ACA858EE2BAC89FA" box="[683,699,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ACC858EE2A7589FB" box="[715,866,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">johanvalerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); second submarginal cell of fore wing triangular and petiolate (triangular and sessile in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5AC4758C22BEF899F" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[580,760,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johanvalerioi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AC4758C22B43899E" box="[580,596,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AC6258C22BEF899F" box="[609,760,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">johanvalerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and body mostly orangish yellow body except for tarsi and apex of posterior tibia dark brown, compared with the mostly bright yellow
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5ADF058A62DBF89B3" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[1011,1192,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johanvalerioi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5ADF058A62D1489B2" box="[1011,1027,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AA1258A62DBF89B3" box="[1041,1192,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">johanvalerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with black markings on face, frons, vertex and occiput, pronotum, all tarsi, most of fore and middle femurs and tibias, and the apex and base of hind tibia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

281
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@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
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<mods:title id="97EAEEDD476CD175C9B6D3070261F680">Three new species of Lytopylus Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB7FFF5AE9459EB2BF188C7" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,742,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AE9459EB286588C7" bold="true" box="[151,370,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Lytopylus tigrinus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
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<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AE9459CE2825889B" blockId="5.[151,843,1410,1473]" box="[151,306,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
(
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB7FFF5AE9C59CE283E889B" box="[159,297,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3A‒H. Lytopylus tigrinus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Fore wings. F—Hind wing. G—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. H—Propodeum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Figs 3 A– H</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AE9459862ADC8B77" blockId="5.[151,1437,1518,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AE945986285B8B52" bold="true" box="[151,332,1518,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CD0FFB7FFF5AF5959862ADC8B77" collectingDate="2015-07-07" collectingDateMax="2015-07-11" collectingDateMin="2015-07-07" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Xavier-Filho, F. F." country="Brazil" county="Novo Airao" latitude="-2.8141665" location="Km" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.923336" municipality="Igarape" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AF5959862B3A8B52" bold="true" box="[346,557,1518,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<typeStatus id="54EE882FFFB7FFF5AF59598628D08B53" box="[346,455,1519,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female:
</emphasis>
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,
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,
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4991F86FFFB7FFF5AA2359862DAC8B53" box="[1056,1211,1519,1545]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, AM-240,
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27.
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFAFE9A5FFB7FFF5AFB55A7A2B7E8B77" box="[438,617,1554,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" value="2015-07-07" valueMax="2015-07-11" valueMin="2015-07-07">07-11.VII.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="26A0535BFFB7FFF5AC775A7A2A2C8B77" box="[628,827,1555,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Xavier-Filho, F.F.</collectorName>
col. (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE48FFB7FFF5AD7A5A7A2AA88B77" box="[889,959,1555,1581]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">INPA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF5AEC45A5F28518A5F" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45A5F28558B0A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1590,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
May be distinguished from all other known members of the genus by the following combination of characters: antenna with 36 flagellomeres; fore wing and hind wing entirely infuscate, second submarginal cell of fore wing triangular; mesoscutum entirely brownish orange; propodeal areola wide and well developed, anterior transversal carina of propodeum present; metasoma with black bands apically onT3–6 apically; apex of the median tibia and entire posterior tarsi brown; base of first posterior and median tarsi orange yellow; metasoma 1.1× longer than ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB7FFF7AEC45B67289F8F67" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB7FFF5AEC45B672A288A73" blockId="5.[151,1437,1518,1833]" box="[199,831,1806,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB7FFF5AEC45B6728D18A72" bold="true" box="[199,454,1806,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Description of female</emphasis>
. Body length
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(
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB7FFF5ACDB5B662A258A73" box="[728,818,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1435,179,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3A‒H. Lytopylus tigrinus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Fore wings. F—Hind wing. G—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. H—Propodeum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB4FFF6AE945B5A2BC98ACE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1843,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB4FFF6AE945B5A28528A11" bold="true" box="[151,325,1843,1867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">FIGURE 3A‒H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB4FFF6AF4A5B5D2A308A16" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[329,807,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB4FFF6AF4A5B5D28E88A11" box="[329,511,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Lytopylus tigrinus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB4FFF6AD2F5B5D2A6C8A16" bold="true" box="[812,891,1844,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB4FFF6AD2F5B5D2A6C8A16" box="[812,891,1844,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype female.A—Lateral habitus. B—Head, front view. C—Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D—Head and mesosoma, lateral. E—Fore wings. F—Hind wing. G—Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view. H—Propodeum, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB5FFF7AEC45CFE28658F43" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AEC45CFE28138DEB" box="[199,260,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Head</emphasis>
: Antenna with 36 flagellomeres,
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB5FFF7AC855CFF2BF58DEB" box="[646,738,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
; head transverse in dorsal view, about 2.1× wider than long.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB5FFF7AE945CD228188D8E" box="[151,271,187,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AE945CD228188D8E" box="[151,271,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Mesosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Scutellar sulcus with one median longitudinal carina; median areola of metanotum well defined with lateral and centrally sharp carinae. Fore wing entirely infuscate, length
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB5FFF7ADC15CB62D3D8DA3" box="[962,1066,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="4.71">4.71 mm</quantity>
; second submarginal cell of fore wing triangular and sessile, height
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFB5FFF7AC105D6A2B6F8C47" box="[531,632,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
; (RS+M)a well-developed, almost complete but not tubular at midlength. Propodeum with well-defined median areola; areola wider anteriorly, length 3.8× its width; anterior transverse carinae present and reaching lateral margin.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AC9D5D222A048C3E" box="[670,787,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Metasoma</emphasis>
: First median tergite with 2 distinct lateral longitudinal carinae extending 3/5 length of the median tergite; median syntergite 2+3 0.9× longer than wide; metasoma 1.1× longer than ovipositor.
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB5FFF7AFA25DFA28F58CF7" box="[417,482,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Color" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AFA25DFA28F58CF7" box="[417,482,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Color</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Mostly brownish orange, except: antenna, tarsal claws, edge of mesoscutum, apex and base of posterior tibia, entire posterior tarsi, and metasomal T3–T6 with black bands apically; apex of mid tibia and posterior tarsi brown; base of first posterior and mid tarsi orange yellow; wings entirely infuscate, ovipositor sheath dark orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB5FFF7AEC45E4A289F8F67" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[199,392,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AEC45E4A281C8F67" bold="true" box="[199,267,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFB5FFF7AEC45E2F2B828F3B" box="[199,661,582,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB5FFF7AEC45E2F2B828F3B" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[199,661,582,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AEC45E2F28768F3A" bold="true" box="[199,353,582,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="4991F86FFFB5FFF7AF655E2E28CB8F3B" box="[358,476,583,609]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F342761DFFB5FFF7AFE85E2E2B258F3B" box="[491,562,583,609]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="136E2A08FFB5FFF7AC4A5E2E2B9A8F3B" box="[585,653,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-195@7.[151,1436,633,1750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of species of Lytopylus Foerster, 1862 in Brazil. Brazilian states in which the species was recorded are highlighted in gray. The circle represents the specimen L. melanoflavus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., triangle L. tigrinus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., square L. minimus Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes sp. nov., and star L. strigata (Enderlein, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2A6605FFB5FFF7AE945A8428B18A28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" startId="7.[151,250,1773,1797]" targetBox="[151,1436,633,1750]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFB5FFF7AE945A8428B18A28" blockId="7.[151,1437,1773,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AE945A8428048A5F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1773,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB5FFF7AC9A5A872A848A5C" authority="Foerster, 1862" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[665,915,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AC9A5A872BEC8A5C" box="[665,763,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Lytopylus</emphasis>
Foerster, 1862
</taxonomicName>
in Brazil. Brazilian states in which the species was recorded are highlighted in gray. The circle represents the specimen
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB5FFF7AD635B7B2C2D8A70" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[864,1338,1810,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanoflavus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AD635B7B2D138A70" box="[864,1028,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">L. melanoflavus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AB405B7B2C828A70" bold="true" box="[1347,1429,1810,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB5FFF7AB405B7B2C828A70" box="[1347,1429,1810,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, triangle
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB5FFF7AEE85B5F2B958A14" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[235,642,1846,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AEE85B5F28428A17" box="[235,341,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">L. tigrinus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AC8A5B5F2BCE8A14" bold="true" box="[649,729,1846,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB5FFF7AC8A5B5F2BCE8A14" box="[649,729,1846,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, square
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB5FFF7AD2C5B5F2DD98A14" authority="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[815,1230,1846,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AD2C5B5F2AB78A17" box="[815,928,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">L. minimus</emphasis>
Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AAD75B5F2C328A14" bold="true" box="[1236,1317,1846,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E4FFB5FFF7AAD75B5F2C328A14" box="[1236,1317,1846,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and star
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFB5FFF7AB8B5B5F28B48A28" authority="(Enderlein, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigata">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFB5FFF7AB8B5B5F29F18A2B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">L. strigata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B7CFFB5FFF7AEF05B33288C8A28" author="Enderlein, G." box="[243,411,1882,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" pagination="51 - 224" refId="ref4474" refString="Enderlein, G. (1920) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Braconiden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Series A, 84, 51-224. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13627" type="journal article" year="1920">Enderlein, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFBAFFF8AEC45CFF28CD8DEB" box="[199,474,150,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFBAFFF8AEC45CFF28CD8DEB" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,465]" box="[199,474,150,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AEC45CFF28308DEA" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Biology.</emphasis>
Host unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFBAFFF8AEC45CD22BA98DA3" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFBAFFF8AEC45CD22BA98DA3" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AEC45CD2285F8D8F" bold="true" box="[199,328,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFBAFFF8AC3A5CD22B8B8D8E" authorityName="Silva, Shimbori &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2025" box="[569,668,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
“
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AC465CD22B8B8D8E" box="[581,668,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” was chosen to reflect the characteristic of the metasoma that has an orange hue with black stripes like those of tigers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6506FFBAFFF8AEC45D6B2AA08C8B" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA368DFFBAFFF8AEC45D6B2AA08C8B" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AEC45D6B28528C46" bold="true" box="[199,325,258,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Discussion</emphasis>
. The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFBAFFF8AC9C5D6A2D478C47" authority="Kang, 2017" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[671,1104,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alejandromasisi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AC9C5D6A2AD28C47" box="[671,965,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Lytopylus alejandromasisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B7CFFBAFFF8ADCE5D6A2D478C47" author="Kang, I. &amp; Chapman, E. G. &amp; Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W. &amp; Dapkey, T. &amp; Smith, M. A. &amp; Sharkey, M. J." box="[973,1104,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="93 - 158" refId="ref4604" refString="Kang, I., Chapman, E. G., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., Dapkey, T., Smith, M. A. &amp; Sharkey, M. J. (2017) Revision of the species of Lytopylus from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae). ZooKeys, 721, 93-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.20287" type="journal article" year="2017">Kang, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B7CFFBAFFF8AA5C5D6A2C378C47" author="Kang, I. &amp; Chapman, E. G. &amp; Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W. &amp; Dapkey, T. &amp; Smith, M. A. &amp; Sharkey, M. J." box="[1119,1312,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="93 - 158" refId="ref4604" refString="Kang, I., Chapman, E. G., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., Dapkey, T., Smith, M. A. &amp; Sharkey, M. J. (2017) Revision of the species of Lytopylus from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae). ZooKeys, 721, 93-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.20287" type="journal article" year="2017">
Kang
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AAA75D6A2DCA8C47" box="[1188,1245,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), in having the fore wing uniformly infuscate, hind tibia black basally and apically and yellow medially, anterior transverse carina of propodeum reaching lateral margin, and second submarginal cell of fore wing triangular and sessile. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFBAFFF8AF2B5D0628EC8CD3" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[296,507,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alejandromasisi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AF2B5D06282F8CD2" box="[296,312,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AF4B5D0628EC8CD3" box="[328,507,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">alejandromasisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a larger body length, measuring
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFBAFFF8ADEF5D062D518CD3" box="[1004,1094,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
, compared with
<quantity id="4CAD9B68FFBAFFF8AB055D072C498CD3" box="[1286,1374,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFBAFFF8AB855D06285D8CF7" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alejandromasisi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AB855D062C818CD2" box="[1414,1430,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8AE945DFA285D8CF7" box="[151,330,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">alejandromasisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a mostly brownish orange body with black bands apically on T3–6, compared with a mainly black body with contrasting bright yellow thorax in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0EFFBAFFF8ACDD5DDE2AA48C8B" authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2017" box="[734,947,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alejandromasisi">
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8ACDD5DDE2BF98C8A" box="[734,750,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8ACFF5DDE2AA48C8B" box="[764,947,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">alejandromasisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9FFFBAFFF8ADB05DDE2AA08C8B" box="[947,951,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

440
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@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
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<mods:title id="6FD921706771E29A79F862AF4BB44AD1">A new species of fish parasitic isopod, Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 (Scombriformes: Trichiuridae), India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="46DCEF4BEAB8A8BAA83EE59971C1A510">Mohapatra, Sandeep Kumar</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="662DFB37E86660E6BCEA572FB13770EB" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5813-1746</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="35F93D136E2E576ED70800429AF0B795">Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha- 760007, India. &amp; Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha- 61002, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7BEAC7FA4EC3024497F9BF4E2AA72461" type="email">mahapatrasandip.1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="998814F5604B273833AA40C95351F6D9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1333B6413E1FE86EAC2D083E4841C0CF">
<mods:roleTerm id="50EB89ABCCB213C41BFD5B85FC32E327">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1E9442DA49A183FCFDA26B76FE466BD8">Roy, Sanmitra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B5B1B5823022A3D5A7EA58D7FF740CCA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9606-3668</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A6C07ED7406B4C6145EA1F5574EB60A3">Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha- 760007, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCAD8CC386BA492C6A6C03C7FE6697B2" type="email">sanmitraroy.89@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="910C88AB5514C624FE93DE1B7183F468" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C115ACCC0EDCC42B3CF7A96AD833431">
<mods:roleTerm id="376ED2805C4ABB63516A5956A5171E92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DF91FEE4901160DD2E4246415E18F9CA">Seth, Jaya Kishor</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3AF8EAC53394E3B2E78A9EBF0153917C">Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha- 760007, India.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D37F3DBDBB954074ED9A9DFC76C5D10D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="39E6BBEAA13E7843D026B38D74E5B0B8">
<mods:roleTerm id="8FFBBCAD6FDDE7654B69BBA15BEF5992">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="522178533E5E7170F81EEB3EB038F1F2">Tripathy, Basudev</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4D1A7B9B37BF52052850660F890B7900" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7607-3279</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9951A77C3C0D6A8DEB56BED2D3947560">Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra- 411044, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A915E29C91A3D67F6B97167DDBD2002E" type="email">tripathyb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F36C095714B26915D8D0297B27A4E2D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8980B84E514C7888DA0C5DC952581350">
<mods:roleTerm id="F0CC44D97A8204281288CFBC4160D83C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F07F95D83F43D3ED9D216EB1BD074241">Mohapatra, Anil</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9CC996B91416A95E821B760632587701" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3547-7039</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CF00ADAEA6DFFAE71352F20825807DDB">Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha- 61002, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="65D6F56ED830FBEFCB2A8BC2A669DC9F" type="email">anil2k7@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1D01F9FCC3FEE556C2CD89D6EB5A5766">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="88235F4F199C8B2B1488CFCB0FCC9410" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C0CA27CD41594DBC875FA876D7CC3717">
<mods:title id="A3C547FB94375D4CB124536A42944CB7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0E3FD3E0387A191C54A5A0A1A93876A9">
<mods:date id="675959E50C1E0B9521C060B7208963DE">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E722EE3B6461A6A8257D1371D7988D05" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7838011D4FFD6CCE28650975366A0DC8">2025-02-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C56A596477BFA43AF1C6215592D5B801" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0126744BAF840B0BE69E63646B922B5F">5594</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="38911A5AC7E244B2C35302F93BFAD132" type="issue">
<mods:number id="908730D936FBE1CB3F77B70324FF1966">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9EF0AE3ABD3BF5194335EF27DA503ACF" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2F1B1F5B4105216CF63F25C57CC20653">325</mods:start>
<mods:end id="24175A9EBA8FED9F583972954D6011AD">340</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="D838D5222F78F4F1430F8CC16ECE9BAD">
<mods:url id="4D318DAC6BC73B6DAFB29EAD3CD1114E">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5594.2.5</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="BC8EA8075C68871ED616A8CD1C2E0803">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9C61A2DDAD6520494988B4420735D700" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5594.2.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F86D8969944CC3E682A3C11485A0B67C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1430A16F7DA3E50F60852F4430AD7117" type="ZooBank">E0774524-38DB-4F4D-B37A-A724733BD302</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03FF87962B60FFD4FF5FFE53FB38F84A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87962B60FFD4FF5FFE53FB38F84A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87962B60FFD4FF5FFE53FB38F84A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B60FFD3FF5FFE53FC08FDEA" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF5FFE53FE5CFE06" blockId="3.[151,949,474,573]" box="[151,481,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<heading id="D0A181EC2B60FFD3FF5FFE53FE5CFE06" bold="true" box="[151,481,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF5FFE53FE5CFE06" bold="true" box="[151,481,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B60FFD3FF5FFE53FEC1FE06" authorityName="Mohapatra &amp; Roy &amp; Seth &amp; Tripathy &amp; Mohapatra" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,380,474,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bharat" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF5FFE53FEC1FE06" bold="true" box="[151,380,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Lobothorax bharat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21157E92B60FFD3FE4CFE52FE5CFE06" box="[388,481,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<uri id="FFC73A822B60FFD3FF5FFE77FC08FDEA" box="[151,949,510,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFF00C552B60FFD3FE65FE77FC08FDEA" box="[429,949,510,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">7F5091B7-3376-4182-9CB1-FF8B190DE374</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B60FFD3FF5FFDAAFE86FDCE" box="[151,315,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF5FFDAAFE86FDCE" blockId="3.[151,949,474,573]" box="[151,315,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
(
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B60FFD3FF57FDAAFF50FDCE" box="[159,237,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. A‒C, holotype, female (EBRC/ZSI/Cr-15704), 29.09 mm TL, dorsal, ventral and lateral view; D‒F, paratype, male (EBRC/ZSI/Cr-15705), 11.90 mm TL, dorsal, ventral and lateral view; G, cephalon structure of paratype female; H, paratype, female (EBRC/ZSI/Cr-15706A) lateral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B60FFD3FEEBFDAAFE8FFDCE" box="[291,306,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[282,1305,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lobothorax bharat sp. nov., holotype female (EBRC/ZSI/Cr-15704), A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view of the pereonite 1 showing the anterior process; D. Structure of pleoteston; E. Paratype, male (EBRC/ZSI/Cr-15705), Dorsal view; F. Ventral view." pageId="3" pageNumber="328">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B60FFD3FF5FFDE2FCC4FC3A" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF5FFDE2FC09FD5A" blockId="3.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<materialsCitation id="3B3E3CDD2B60FFD3FF5FFDE2FC09FD5A" collectingDate="2023-05-08" collectionCode="EBRC, ZSI" collectorName="Gopalpur &amp; S. K. Mohapatra" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF5FFDE2FEB6FD76" bold="true" box="[151,267,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<typeStatus id="54ED88222B60FFD3FF5FFDE2FEBBFD76" box="[151,262,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
1 ovig. female,
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FE08FDE2FD8FFD76" box="[448,562,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.909" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="29.09">29.09 mm</quantity>
TL,
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FDAFFDE2FD76FD76" box="[615,715,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.60 mm</quantity>
TW,
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FCC0FDE2FCCFFD76" box="[776,882,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Gopalpur</collectorName>
fish landing centre,
<date id="FFE810402B60FFD3FB9EFDE2FB5DFD76" box="[1110,1248,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2023-05-08">
<collectingDate id="EFACE9A82B60FFD3FB9EFDE2FB5DFD76" box="[1110,1248,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2023-05-08">8 May 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, from
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B60FFD3FAE0FDE2FE17FD5A" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FAE0FDE2FF4EFD5A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FE25FD06FD18FD5A" box="[493,677,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">S. K. Mohapatra</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FD7CFD07FCBDFD5A" box="[692,768,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">EBRC</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FCC1FD07FC89FD5A" box="[777,820,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">ZSI</collectionCode>
/Cr-15704).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF0FFD3AFD8BFCCA" blockId="3.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<materialsCitation id="3B3E3CDD2B60FFD3FF0FFD3AFD8FFCCA" collectingDate="2023-03-31" collectingDateMax="2023-05-08" collectingDateMin="2023-03-31" collectionCode="EBRC, ZSI" collectorName="Gopalpur &amp; S. K. Mohapatra &amp; Bahabalpur &amp; Chandipur &amp; S. Roy &amp; J. K. Seth" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF0FFD3AFEFBFD3E" bold="true" box="[199,326,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<typeStatus id="54ED88222B60FFD3FF0FFD3AFEFCFD3E" box="[199,321,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D50FD092B60FFD3FE87FD3AFE23FD3E" box="[335,414,691,717]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FE63FD3AFDA3FD3E" box="[427,542,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="11.9">11.90 mm</quantity>
TL,
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FD9FFD3AFD00FD3E" box="[599,701,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.41" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="3.41">3.41 mm</quantity>
TW,
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FD35FD3AFCDAFD3E" box="[765,871,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Gopalpur</collectorName>
fish landing centre,
<date id="FFE810402B60FFD3FB9AFD3AFB5DFD3E" box="[1106,1248,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2023-05-08">
<collectingDate id="EFACE9A82B60FFD3FB9AFD3AFB5DFD3E" box="[1106,1248,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2023-05-08">8 May 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, from same host fish, coll.
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FEC1FD5EFE7EFD02" box="[265,451,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">S. K. Mohapatra</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FE1BFD5FFDA2FD02" box="[467,543,726,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">EBRC</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FDEFFD5FFDEFFD02" box="[551,594,726,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">ZSI</collectionCode>
/Cr-15705); 4 non-ovig. females,
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FC02FD5FFB37FD02" box="[970,1162,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9825" metricValueMax="2.4219999999999997" metricValueMin="1.543" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="19.825" valueMax="24.22" valueMin="15.43">15.43–24.22 mm</quantity>
TL,
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FB0AFD5FFAD8FD02" box="[1218,1381,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.66" metricValueMax="9.46" metricValueMin="5.86" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="7.66" valueMax="9.46" valueMin="5.86">5.86–9.46 mm</quantity>
TW,
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FF5FFD72FEA5FCE6" box="[151,280,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Bahabalpur</collectorName>
fish landing centre,
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FE33FD72FDCEFCE6" box="[507,627,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Chandipur</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFE810402B60FFD3FDB6FD72FC96FCE6" box="[638,811,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2023-03-31">
<collectingDate id="EFACE9A82B60FFD3FDB6FD72FC96FCE6" box="[638,811,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2023-03-31">31 March 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, from
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B60FFD3FCBAFD72FB42FCE6" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[882,1279,762,789]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FCBAFD72FBF7FCE6" box="[882,1098,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FAC1FD72FAE8FCE6" box="[1289,1365,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">S. Roy</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26A353562B60FFD3FA42FD72FF56FCCA" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">J. K. Seth</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FF32FC97FEF9FCCA" box="[250,324,798,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">EBRC</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FE84FC97FECBFCCA" box="[332,374,798,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">ZSI</collectionCode>
/Cr-15706 A–D)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF0FFCCBFCC4FC3A" blockId="3.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF0FFCCBFDE0FCAF" bold="true" box="[199,605,834,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Comparative materials examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B60FFD3FDACFCCAFC72FCAE" authority="Bleeker, 1857" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1857" box="[612,975,834,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FDACFCCAFC95FCAF" box="[612,808,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
Lobothorax
<typeStatus id="54ED88222B60FFD3FD25FCCAFC95FCAF" box="[749,808,835,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">typus</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B60FFD3FCF8FCCAFC72FCAE" author="Bleeker, P." box="[816,975,834,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" pagination="20 - 40" refId="ref6788" refString="Bleeker, P. (1857) Recherches sur les Crustaces de l'Inde archipelagique. II. Sur les Isopodes Cymothoadiens de l'archipel Indien. Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie, Batavia, Verhandelingen, 2, 20-40. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9908" type="journal article" year="1857">Bleeker, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 1 ovig. female (
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FB43FCCAFB62FCAE" box="[1163,1247,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
), Nagappatinam,
<date id="FFE810402B60FFD3FF5FFCEEFE88FC72" box="[151,309,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2016-05-30">30 May 2016</date>
, from
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B60FFD3FE4BFCEEFCA4FC72" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[387,793,870,897]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FE4BFCEEFDE0FC72" box="[387,605,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, coll. S. Ravichandran (
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FBE7FCEEFBE4FC72" box="[1071,1113,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">ZSI</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FBA9FCEEFB0EFC72" box="[1121,1203,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">MBRC</collectionCode>
D1-537);
<specimenCount id="9D50FD092B60FFD3FAE5FCEEFA21FC72" box="[1325,1436,871,897]" count="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CAE9B652B60FFD3FF57FC03FEF5FC56" box="[159,328,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="1.59" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="19.2" valueMax="22.5" valueMin="15.9">15.9–22.5 mm</quantity>
), Gopalpur fish landing centre,
<date id="FFE810402B60FFD3FD65FC03FC3BFC56" box="[685,902,906,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" value="2018-12-25">25 December 2018</date>
, from
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B60FFD3FC18FC02FADDFC56" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[976,1376,906,933]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FC18FC02FB15FC56" box="[976,1192,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, coll. S.
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FF7DFC26FF76FC3A" box="[181,203,943,969]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">R</collectionCode>
. Mohanty and J. K. Seth (
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FE24FC26FD8BFC3A" box="[492,566,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">EBRC</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED47AE452B60FFD3FDF7FC26FDD4FC3A" box="[575,617,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">ZSI</collectionCode>
/Cr-11090 &amp; Cr-11091).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B60FFD3FF0FFC5BFF60FBAA" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF0FFC5BFF60FBAA" blockId="3.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF0FFC5BFEFFFC1F" bold="true" box="[199,322,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Cephalon anterior margin sub-truncate; anterolateral process of pereonite 1 do not extend beyond anterior margin of cephalon; a distinct depression in the middle of pereonite 1; maxilliped palp article 3 with three recurved robust setae; the presence of a prominent mid-dorsal longitudinal ridge on the surface of both pereon and pleon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B60FFD4FF0FFBEBFDBFFB36" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF0FFBEBFD87F9FA" blockId="3.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF0FFBEBFDF2FB8F" bold="true" box="[199,591,1122,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Description of ovigerous female.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FD90FBEAFD2FFB8E" box="[600,658,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Body</emphasis>
elongated, length 3.03 times greatest width; dorsal surface smooth.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF5FFB0EFEB9FB52" box="[151,260,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Cephalon</emphasis>
sub-truncate, 1.42 times as long as wide; apex smoothly rounded (
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B60FFD3FC39FB0EFBF6FB52" box="[1009,1099,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1363,191,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[216,1372,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lobothorax bharat sp. nov., Holotype female.A. Cephalon and pereonite 1 dorsal view; B.Antennula; C.Antennae; D. Mandible; E. Maxillula; F. Maxilla; G. Maxilliped; H. Marsupium; I. Uropods." pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The eyes visible, prominent.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF5FFB22FEB7FB36" box="[151,266,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Antennula</emphasis>
1.41 times of antenna length, with 8 articles; first 3 articles bulbous, larger than other articles in size, 0.20, 0.23 and 0.21 times respectively of the total antennula length while articles 5–8 gradually decreasing in size; article 4 corresponds to 0.06 of the total antennula length; article 5 to 0.09, article 6 to 0.07, the seventh to 0.06, and the eighth to 0.04 times respectively.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FD8BFA9EFD1DFAC2" box="[579,672,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Antenna</emphasis>
composed of 9 articles; articles 1 and 2 are 0.12 and 0.11 times of overall antenna length, while articles 3 and 5 are larger in size, article 4 is the longest, 0.13 times of overall length. Articles 6 9 progressively decreasing in length; article 6: 0.10, article 7: 0.06, article 8: 0.06, and article 9: 0.03 times the overall antenna length. article 10 with a terminal seta on the tip. Both the antennula and antenna reach the anterior margin of pereonite 1.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FDECFA2EFD1AFA32" box="[548,679,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Mouthparts</emphasis>
robust. Mandibular palp articles increase in size from articles 1–3.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF5FFA42FF53FA16" box="[151,238,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Maxilla</emphasis>
with 2 large and 2 small terminal recurved setae.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FCD2FA42FC3AFA16" box="[794,903,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Maxillula</emphasis>
with 4 robust setae.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FBA5FA42FB5BFA16" box="[1133,1254,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Maxilliped</emphasis>
with 3 recurved robust setae on article 3 (
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B60FFD3FE78FA66FD93F9FA" box="[432,558,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1363,191,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[216,1372,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lobothorax bharat sp. nov., Holotype female.A. Cephalon and pereonite 1 dorsal view; B.Antennula; C.Antennae; D. Mandible; E. Maxillula; F. Maxilla; G. Maxilliped; H. Marsupium; I. Uropods." pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Fig. 3D–G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD3FF0FF99AFCB3F96A" blockId="3.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
Mid-dorsal ridge present on all pereonites, starting from half the length of pereonite 1. Pereonite 1 with distinct anteromedial depression, preceded by the dorsal ridge. Anterolateral process of pereonite 1 do not extend beyond anterior margin of cephalon; length 0.45 times the cephalon length.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FC4EF9D2FC4FF987" box="[902,1010,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Pereonite</emphasis>
5 widest.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FBAAF9D2FB02F986" box="[1122,1215,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">Pleonite</emphasis>
1 largely concealed by pereonite 7 with only middle portion visible dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B60FFD4FF0FF92AFBDCFD92" blockId="3.[151,1437,619,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">
In pereopod 1, propodus length is 1.6 times; carpus length is 1.2 times; merus length is 0.2 times; ischium length is 1.6 times; basis length is 1.4 times of their greatest width. In pereopod 2, propodus length is 1.6 times; carpus length is 1.6 times; merus length is 0.2 times; ischium length is 1.9 times; basis length is 1.3 times of their greatest width. In pereopod 3, propodus length is 1.4 times; carpus length is 0.7 times; merus length is 0.3 times; ischium length is 1.3 times; basis length is 1.5 times of their greatest width. In pereopod 4, propodus length is 1.1 times; carpus length is 0.2 times; merus length is 0.5 times; ischium length is 1.5 times; basis length is 1.3 times of their greatest width. In pereopod 5, propodus length is 0.9 times; carpus length is 0.2 times; merus length is 0.3 times; ischium length is 1.7 times; basis length is 1.3 times of their greatest width. In pereopod 6, propodus length is 1.3 times; carpus length is 0.2 times; merus length is 0.4 times; ischium length is 1.9 times; basis length is 1.1 times of their greatest width. In pereopod 7, propodus length is 1.02 times; carpus length is 0.2 times; merus length is 0.5 times; ischium length is 2.3 times; basis length is 1.1 times of their greatest width. The length of pereopod 5–7 increases gradually. The length of pereopods is in order of 3&lt;1&lt;2&lt;4&lt;5&lt;6&lt;7. The size of the basis of the pereopods increases from 4 to 7. The coxae of pereopods 2 and 3 are not visible from dorsal view but the rest of the pereopod’s coxae are visible. The size of the coxae decreases from 2
<superScript id="7C239BC82B67FFD4FE2EFEAFFE4BFEC7" attach="left" box="[486,502,294,308]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">nd</superScript>
to 7
<superScript id="7C239BC82B67FFD4FDE1FEAFFD8BFEC7" attach="left" box="[553,566,294,308]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">th</superScript>
pereopod (
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B67FFD4FD7CFEAEFD47FEB2" box="[692,762,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,191,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[206,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. non-ovig. female (EBRC/ZSI/Cr-15706A), A–G. Pereopods 1–7 respectively; H–L. Pleopods 1–5 respectively." pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). All
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FCF0FEAEFC15FEB2" box="[824,936,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">pleopodal</emphasis>
exopods are almost rounded as compared to their respective endopods, which are oval. All pleopodal peduncles are with developed lateral lobes. In pleopod 1, the length of the exopod is 1.5 times its greatest width and the length of the endopod is 1.2 times its greatest width. In pleopod 2 the length of the exopod is 1.03 times its greatest width and the length of the endopod is 0.9 times its greatest width. In pleopod 3 the length of the exopod is 1.2 times its greatest width and the length of the endopod is 0.9 times its greatest width. In pleopod 4 the length of the exopod is 1.4 times its greatest width and the length of the endopod is 1.01 times its greatest width. In pleopod 5 the length of the exopod is 1.1 times its greatest width and the length of the endopod is 0.9 times its greatest width. Four pairs of oostegites that emerge from sternites 2, 3, 4, and 6 form the brood pouch (
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B67FFD4FE16FDCEFD85FD92" box="[478,568,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1363,191,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[216,1372,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lobothorax bharat sp. nov., Holotype female.A. Cephalon and pereonite 1 dorsal view; B.Antennula; C.Antennae; D. Mandible; E. Maxillula; F. Maxilla; G. Maxilliped; H. Marsupium; I. Uropods." pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). Each marsupium has nearly 170 spherical eggs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFDE2FCA8FD3E" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFDE2FE80FD76" box="[199,317,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Pleotelson</emphasis>
sub-rectangular in shape, 0.4–0.5 times as long its wide; with caudomedial point.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FB22FDE2FAF6FD76" box="[1258,1355,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Uropods</emphasis>
do not extend beyond the posterior margin of pleotelson; exopod length 0.9 times of endopod (
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B67FFD4FBB3FD06FB77FD5A" box="[1147,1226,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1363,191,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[216,1372,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lobothorax bharat sp. nov., Holotype female.A. Cephalon and pereonite 1 dorsal view; B.Antennula; C.Antennae; D. Mandible; E. Maxillula; F. Maxilla; G. Maxilliped; H. Marsupium; I. Uropods." pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
), lateral margin of exopod with notch; apices of exopod and endopod acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFD5FFCE4FC72" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFD5FFE02FD02" bold="true" box="[199,447,726,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Description of male.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FE01FD5EFDBEFD02" box="[457,515,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Body</emphasis>
3.49 times as long as wide. Mid-dorsal ridge is not developed.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FB3CFD5EFADCFD02" box="[1268,1377,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Cephalon</emphasis>
sub-truncated. The anterior half of the cephalon is less wide compared to the posterior half.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FBB4FD72FB52FCE6" box="[1148,1263,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Antennula</emphasis>
is smaller than the antenna. Each antennula has 8 articles and reaches the base of the origin of anterolateral expansion of pereonite 1, first 3 articles are wider and larger as compared to the last five articles.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FC11FCCAFB8BFCAE" box="[985,1078,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Antenna</emphasis>
comprises 11 articles. The eyes are visible prominently and are 0.54 times the cephalon length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFC02FAE0FC1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFC02FE8EFC57" box="[199,307,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Pereonite</emphasis>
3 and 4 widest and pereonite 7 is the narrowest. Lateral sides of pereonite 6and 7are curved posteriorly. All the coxae are visible dorsally. The chromatophores are distributed faintly on the mid-dorsal part of cephalon, pereonites and pleonite. All the pleonites are sub-equal in width. Pleonite 5 is longer than the other pleonites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFC7EFE03FB8E" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFC7EFE80FBE2" box="[199,317,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Pleotelson</emphasis>
is sub-triangular in shape and 1.9 times wider than its length. Anterior part of the pleotelson is covered with numerous chromatophores.
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FDB0FB92FD73FBC6" box="[632,718,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Uropod</emphasis>
reaches the posterior margin of the pleotelson. The uropodal exopod length is a little longer than the endopod. The morphological measurements of the
<typeStatus id="54ED88222B67FFD4FB5FFBB6FB44FBAA" box="[1175,1273,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="54ED88222B67FFD4FAF9FBB6FA21FBAA" box="[1329,1436,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are represented in
<tableCitation id="C6D4033B2B67FFD4FEADFBEAFE07FB8E" box="[357,442,1123,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,239,1159,1183]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological measurements of the new species Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. (present study)" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFB0FFDBFFB36" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFB0FFE9DFB53" bold="true" box="[199,288,1158,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Colour.</emphasis>
Body creamy white when fresh. Yellowish-brown or dark brown when kept in ethanol. Caudomedial point of the pleotelson is brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B67FFD4FF0FFB46FECBFAFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFB46FECBFAFE" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFB46FEBBFB1A" bold="true" box="[199,262,1231,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FEC6FB46FD2EFB1A" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[270,659,1230,1257]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FEC6FB46FE5BFB1A" box="[270,486,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
Linnaeus 1758
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FD6AFB46FC8EFB1A" box="[674,819,1231,1257]" family="Trichiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trichiuridae</taxonomicName>
). The isopod attaches to the tongue of the host species,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FF5FFB7AFED2FAFE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,367,1267,1293]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF5FFB7AFED2FAFE" box="[151,367,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B67FFD4FF0FFA9FFB6BFAC2" box="[199,1238,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFA9FFB6BFAC2" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,1238,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFA9FFEDCFAC3" bold="true" box="[199,353,1302,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is known only from the coastal waters of
<collectingRegion id="4992F8622B67FFD4FC3FFA9EFBFBFAC2" box="[1015,1094,1303,1329]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Odisha</collectingRegion>
coast,
<collectingCountry id="F34176102B67FFD4FB5DFA9EFB6FFAC2" box="[1173,1234,1303,1329]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B67FFD4FF0FFAB2FE29F9A2" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFAB2FC4FFAA6" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,1010,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFAB2FEF3FAA6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet Hindi word for
<collectingCountry id="F34176102B67FFD4FD29FAB2FCA0FAA6" box="[737,797,1339,1365]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">India</collectingCountry>
, which is ‘Bharat’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FFAD7FE29F9A2" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FFAD7FE88FA8B" bold="true" box="[199,309,1374,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Genetics.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FEF4FAD6FDACFA8A" authorityName="Mohapatra &amp; Roy &amp; Seth &amp; Tripathy &amp; Mohapatra" authorityYear="2025" box="[316,529,1375,1401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bharat" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FEF4FAD6FDACFA8A" box="[316,529,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Lobothorax bharat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FDD0FAD6FDCFFA8A" bold="true" box="[536,626,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21157E92B67FFD4FDD0FAD6FDCFFA8A" box="[536,626,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs genetically from one of the available sequences of the congener, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FF00FA0AFE9FFA6F" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1857" box="[200,290,1411,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF00FA0AFE9FFA6F" box="[200,290,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
L.
<typeStatus id="54ED88222B67FFD4FF2FFA0AFE9FFA6F" box="[231,290,1411,1436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">typus</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the K2P distance of 2.5–2.6% (having a base pair difference of 16–17). The new species differs from the other species of the buccal and branchial parasites used in the analysis by 23.9–32.2% K2P distance (
<tableCitation id="C6D4033B2B67FFD4FA95FA2EFF1AFA16" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,239,691,717]" captionText="TABLE 3. Minimum and maximum divergence in percentage (Kimura two-parameter [K2P] distance) of Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. (present study) with its congeners and outgroup" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Table 3</tableCitation>
). In ML tree analysis, the new species appears in a different cluster from its congeners,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FB66FA42FAB4FA17" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1857" box="[1198,1289,1483,1508]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FB66FA42FAB4FA17" box="[1198,1289,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
L.
<typeStatus id="54ED88222B67FFD4FB06FA42FAB4FA17" box="[1230,1289,1483,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">typus</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with strong bootstrap support of 100% (
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B67FFD4FE1FFA66FDA0F9FA" box="[471,541,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,879,903]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,187,849]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1435,181,855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree showing the relationship of Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. with L. typus, by taking mtCOI sequences. The number shown in each node in the ML tree is the bootstrap value." pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The above finding is also supported by ASAP. In the ASAP analysis there is the formation of 10 partitions and the partition with the lowest ASAP scores indicates that the new species form a distinct group (
<figureCitation id="136D2A052B67FFD4FE89F9BEFE3BF9A2" box="[321,390,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,1007,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-58@9.[151,1436,1000,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Box Species graph obtained after Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) analysis of Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. with other species. (Nb groups: number of species as identified by ASAP in corresponding partition, ASAP score)" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C650B2B67FFD4FF0FF9D2FB38F84A" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FF9D2FEDEF8F6" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FF9D2FE86F986" bold="true" box="[199,315,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FE89F9D2FDABF986" authorityName="Mohapatra &amp; Roy &amp; Seth &amp; Tripathy &amp; Mohapatra" authorityYear="2025" box="[321,534,1627,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bharat" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FE89F9D2FDABF986" box="[321,534,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Lobothorax bharat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FDD4F9D2FDC8F986" bold="true" box="[540,629,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21157E92B67FFD4FDD4F9D2FDC8F986" box="[540,629,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, is best identified by the following characters: Cephalon anterior margin sub-truncate; anterolateral processes of pereonite 1 do not extend beyond anterior margin of cephalon; a distinct depression in the middle of pereonite 1; maxilliped palp article 3 with three recurved robust setae; the presence of a prominent mid-dorsal longitudinal ridge on the surface of both pereon and pleon. In large specimens the endopod has distinct notch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF04F886FD98F882" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
A comparison of different morphological features of the new species
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FC18F886FB18F8DA" authorityName="Mohapatra &amp; Roy &amp; Seth &amp; Tripathy &amp; Mohapatra" authorityYear="2025" box="[976,1189,1807,1833]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bharat" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FC18F886FB18F8DA" box="[976,1189,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Lobothorax bharat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FB63F886FAB9F8DA" bold="true" box="[1195,1284,1807,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21157E92B67FFD4FB63F886FAB9F8DA" box="[1195,1284,1807,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and the other described species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FE35F8BAFD3DF8BE" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1857" box="[509,640,1843,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FE35F8BAFD3DF8BE" box="[509,640,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Lobothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been provided in
<tableCitation id="C6D4033B2B67FFD4FC49F8BAFC6BF8BE" box="[897,982,1843,1869]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Difference between morphological features of the new species Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. (present study) and the other described species of the genus Lobothorax (according to Richardson 1910; Yu &amp; Bruce 2006; Aneesh et al. 2021)" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Table 4</tableCitation>
by following
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B67FFD4FBB3F8BAFAECF8BE" author="Richardson, H." box="[1147,1361,1843,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref8493" refString="Richardson, H. (1910) Marine isopods collected in the Philippines by the U. S. Fisheries steamer Albatross in 1907 - 08. Bureau of Fisheries Document, 736, 1-44. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.82673" type="journal article" year="1910">Richardson (1910)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B67FFD4FA96F8BAFE92F882" author="Yu, H. Y. &amp; Bruce, N. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="329" pagination="641 - 648" refId="ref9013" refString="Yu, H. Y. &amp; Bruce, N. L. (2006) Redescription of Lobothorax typus bleeker, 1857 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae): the first record of the species and genus from Chinese waters. Crustaceana, 79, 641-648. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854006778026816" type="journal article" year="2006">Yu &amp; Bruce (2006)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B67FFD4FEF1F8DEFD9DF882" author="Aneesh, P. T. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Kumar, A. B. &amp; Bincy, M. R. &amp; Sreenath, T. M." box="[313,544,1879,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref6480" refString="Aneesh, P. T., Bruce, N. L., Kumar, A. B., Bincy, M. R. &amp; Sreenath, T. M. (2021) A taxonomic review of the buccal-attaching fish parasite genus Lobothorax Bleeker, 1857 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) with description of a new species from southwestern India. Zoological Studies, 60, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2021.60-13" type="journal article" year="2021">
Aneesh
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FE5CF8DEFE71F882" box="[404,460,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936802B67FFD4FF0FF8F3FB38F84A" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF0FF8F3FE87F867" bold="true" box="[199,314,1914,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Statistics.</emphasis>
A total of 738 samples of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FDB4F8F2FCE5F866" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[636,856,1915,1941]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FDB4F8F2FCE5F866" box="[636,856,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
host fish species were examined with 12 hosting
<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B67FFD4FF5FF816FED1F84A" authorityName="Mohapatra &amp; Roy &amp; Seth &amp; Tripathy &amp; Mohapatra" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,364,1951,1977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Lobothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bharat" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FF5FF816FED1F84A" box="[151,364,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">Lobothorax bharat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B922EA922B67FFD4FEBBF816FE71F84A" bold="true" box="[371,460,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21157E92B67FFD4FEBBF816FE71F84A" box="[371,460,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A prevalence rate of 1.62% and 1.09 intensity were observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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129
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<mods:title id="9E04BFB562C4B342780CC74C00CCBAE6">A new species of fish parasitic isopod, Lobothorax bharat sp. nov. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 (Scombriformes: Trichiuridae), India</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B922EA922B61FFD2FF5FF839FE1BF839" bold="true" box="[151,422,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Remark on the genus.</emphasis>
The genus
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<emphasis id="B922EA922B61FFD2FDE6F826FD0CF83A" box="[558,689,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Lobothorax</emphasis>
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was redescribed and distinguished from the superficially similar genera,
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<emphasis id="B922EA922B61FFD2FF38F85AFECDF81E" box="[240,368,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">Ceratothoa</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D032B61FFD2FE6EF85AFD98F81E" authorityName="Schiodte &amp; Meinert" authorityYear="1883" box="[422,549,2003,2029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Glossobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glossobius</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B61FFD2FD9DF85DFC84F81E" author="Yu, H. Y. &amp; Bruce, N. L." box="[597,825,2003,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" pagination="641 - 648" refId="ref9013" refString="Yu, H. Y. &amp; Bruce, N. L. (2006) Redescription of Lobothorax typus bleeker, 1857 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae): the first record of the species and genus from Chinese waters. Crustaceana, 79, 641-648. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854006778026816" type="journal article" year="2006">Yu &amp; Bruce (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B61FFD2FC8EF85DFB94F81E" author="Yu, H. Y. &amp; Bruce, N. L." box="[838,1065,2003,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" pagination="641 - 648" refId="ref9013" refString="Yu, H. Y. &amp; Bruce, N. L. (2006) Redescription of Lobothorax typus bleeker, 1857 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae): the first record of the species and genus from Chinese waters. Crustaceana, 79, 641-648. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854006778026816" type="journal article" year="2006">Yu &amp; Bruce (2006)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B61FFD2FBFFF85AFAD7F81D" author="Ravichandran, S. &amp; Vigneshwaran, P. &amp; Rameshkumar, G." box="[1079,1386,2003,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref8430" refString="Ravichandran, S., Vigneshwaran, P. &amp; Rameshkumar, G. (2019) A taxonomic review of the fish parasitic isopod family Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothooidea) of India. Zootaxa, 4622 (1), 1-99. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4622.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Ravichandran
<emphasis id="B922EA922B61FFD2FB12F85DFAB3F81E" box="[1242,1294,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="327">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B712B60FFD3FF5FFF1EFE3BFF42" author="Aneesh, P. T. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Kumar, A. B. &amp; Bincy, M. R. &amp; Sreenath, T. M." box="[151,390,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="328" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref6480" refString="Aneesh, P. T., Bruce, N. L., Kumar, A. B., Bincy, M. R. &amp; Sreenath, T. M. (2021) A taxonomic review of the buccal-attaching fish parasite genus Lobothorax Bleeker, 1857 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) with description of a new species from southwestern India. Zoological Studies, 60, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2021.60-13" type="journal article" year="2021">
Aneesh
<emphasis id="B922EA922B60FFD3FF3DFF1EFE97FF42" box="[245,298,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="328">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
use the following characters for the identification of the genus, body narrow with a wide rostrum; anterolateral margin of pereonite 1 expanded, with prominent lobes; cephalon dorsoventrally flattened and enclosed by the anterolateral margin of pereonite 1; eyes distinct, visible; antennula and antenna are 8 and 9 segmented respectively; pereopods 1–3 small and pereopods 4–7 large; coxae shorter than respective pereonite; pereonites 5 7 are smaller in length than pereonite 1 4; pleonite 1 laterally overlapped by pereonite 7; pereopods 5 7 with raised carina; pleopods with well-developed lateral lobes; uropodal rami sub-equal in length, not extending beyond the posterior margin of the pleotelson.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

287
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Shen &amp; Wei
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Material examined.
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:
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, Jinzhong City, Taigu County,
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Agricultural University (Taigu Campus), Diligent Garden [
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, coll. Xuejie Shen, Dengen Fu and Yunyun Lu / (
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:
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:
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Specimens all mounted singly on slides, all with same collection data as holotype;
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(
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H- SD000535I); 8 second-instar female nymphs: 5
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(
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J-SD000535N), 2
<collectionCode id="F3E1AE5BFF92AF48FDD0F914FD6D0E39" box="[559,659,1771,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">NWAFU</collectionCode>
(
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O-SD000535P); and
<specimenCount id="83F6FD17FF92AF48FBFFF914FBB40E39" box="[1024,1098,1771,1798]" count="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="adult">5 adult</specimenCount>
males, 3
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(
<specimenCode id="C5569EE5FF92AF48FAFAF914FA810E3A" box="[1285,1407,1771,1798]" collectionCode="SD" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">SD000535</specimenCode>
Q- SD000535S), 2
<collectionCode id="F3E1AE5BFF92AF48FEB4F8F0FE510E15" box="[331,431,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="186">NWAFU</collectionCode>
(
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T-SD000535U)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C18F6616FF91AF4BFF68FDC1FA910B46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14953961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953961/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" startId="2.[151,249,574,598]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,548]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF68FDC1FA910B46" blockId="2.[151,1436,574,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF68FDC1FEEF0B6B" bold="true" box="[151,273,574,599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFEE9FDC0FD650B6B" authority="Shen &amp; Wei" authorityName="Shen &amp; Wei" authorityYear="2025" box="[278,667,575,599]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lopholeucaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiguensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFEE9FDC0FDE10B6A" box="[278,543,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Lopholeucaspis taiguensis</emphasis>
Shen &amp; Wei
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFD5FFDC0FD110B6B" bold="true" box="[672,751,575,599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCB757F7FF91AF4BFD5FFDC0FD110B6B" box="[672,751,575,599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFD05FDC1FCEB0B6A" bold="true" box="[762,789,574,598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">A:</emphasis>
displaced waxy scale covering and exposed second-instar cuticle containing pupillarial adult female;
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFE00FD9CFDE60B47" bold="true" box="[511,536,611,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">B:</emphasis>
waxy scale cover of female second-instar nymph;
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFBEAFD9DFBCE0B46" bold="true" box="[1045,1072,610,634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">C:</emphasis>
male second-instar scale cover.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="DDEA6515FF91AF4BFF68FD32FD9D0E23" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF68FD32FE150BDB" blockId="2.[151,491,717,743]" box="[151,491,717,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF68FD32FE150BDB" bold="true" box="[151,491,717,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Description of adult female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF68FCEAFAE40A6F" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF68FCEAFE800A13" bold="true" box="[151,382,789,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Appearance in life.</emphasis>
Adult female pupillarial, living inside the cuticle of the second-instar nymph. Female scale cover snow white (
<figureCitation id="0DCB2A1BFF91AF4BFE93FCC6FE3B0A6F" box="[364,453,825,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,574,598]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,548]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[151,1436,179,548]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lopholeucaspis taiguensis Shen &amp; Wei sp. nov., A: displaced waxy scale covering and exposed second-instar cuticle containing pupillarial adult female; B: waxy scale cover of female second-instar nymph; C: male second-instar scale cover." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953961/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Second-instar female cuticle elongate, reddish brown, oyster-shell shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF38FCA2FB850AA7" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF38FCA2FDEF0A4B" bold="true" box="[199,529,861,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=10) (
<figureCitation id="0DCB2A1BFF91AF4BFD8AFCA2FD450A4B" box="[629,699,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[229,1359,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[224,1364,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lopholeucaspis taiguensis Shen &amp; Wei sp. nov., adult female. A: antenna; B: dorsal duct; C: anterior spiracle; D: gland tubercle; E: pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14953963/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Body 648–852 μm long (768 μm), 426–528 μm wide (488 μm), broadest at metathorax or abdominal segment I. Body membranous except for pygidium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF38FC5AFBDF0D17" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF38FC5AFE880A83" box="[199,374,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Cephalothorax.</emphasis>
Antennae each with 2 long setae and 1 or 2 short setae; distance between antennae 40
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFAC3FC5AFAB40A83" bold="true" box="[1340,1354,933,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">–</emphasis>
51 (43) μm. Anterior spiracles each associated with 7
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFD56FC36FD490ADF" bold="true" box="[681,695,969,995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">–</emphasis>
14 quinquelocular pores in a cluster, posterior spiracles without associated pores. Each lateral submargin of abdomen with single row of consecutively arranged gland tubercles and small glandular ducts running from side of mouthparts to abdominal segment IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF38FBCAFE8B0C77" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF38FBCAFECC0D73" box="[199,306,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Pygidium</emphasis>
with 2 pairs of lobes on pygidial margin: L1 well developed, without basal sclerosis or yoke, each lobe tooth-like, broad at base, tapering to apical point, sometimes with single notches on inner and outer margins; L2 similar shape to L1 but slightly smaller, sometimes with single notches on inner and outer margins. Plates between L1 numbering 2, each plate spine-like, broadest at base, gradually tapering apically to acute tip (
<specimenCount id="83F6FD17FF91AF4BFB42FB5EFAB80D87" box="[1213,1350,1185,1212]" count="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
at hand including
<typeStatus id="4A4B883CFF91AF4BFEF6FB3AFE8E0DE3" box="[265,368,1221,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); plates between L
<quantity id="52089B7BFF91AF4BFDB5FB3AFD8C0DE3" box="[586,626,1221,1247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
other specimens with a mixture of fringed and acute tips (
<specimenCount id="83F6FD17FF91AF4BFAEEFB3AFA630DE3" box="[1297,1437,1221,1248]" count="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
at hand). Plates between L1 and L2 numbering 2, each slightly narrower than those between L1, similar in feature, forming elongate spines at tip. Plates absent from lateral to L2, but with 2–5 rounded processes, each broader and shorter than a plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF38FAA9FB290F1F" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFF38FAA9FEF10C53" box="[199,271,1366,1391]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rissoidae" genus="Venter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF38FAA9FEF10C53" box="[199,271,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Venter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Gland tubercles present from prothorax to abdominal segment IV in irregular lateral row, numbering 26–45 on each side. Ventral ducts similar size to dorsal macroducts, with few on pygidium, scattered; 4 or 8 on abdominal segment III, 3–8 on segment IV, and 6–8 on segment V. Perivulvar pores present in 5 groups on segment VI, numbering
<quantity id="52089B7BFF91AF4BFE54FA3EFDF10CE7" box="[427,527,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="11.0">11–18 in</quantity>
median group,
<quantity id="52089B7BFF91AF4BFD3CFA3EFCD90CE7" box="[707,807,1473,1500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="21.0">21–25 in</quantity>
anterolateral group, and
<quantity id="52089B7BFF91AF4BFBB9FA3EFB540CE7" box="[1094,1194,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="10.0">10–21 in</quantity>
posterolateral group; groups usually merging, forming an arc; also with supplementary groups of pores present on ventral submargins of abdominal segments III and IV, each side with 5–9 pores on segment IV, and 4–10 on segment V.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF38F9D1FD9D0E23" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF38F9D1FEDF0F7B" box="[199,289,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Dorsal macroducts 2-barred, those present in marginal area of pygidium slightly larger than those in other areas, with 1 between L1, about 10–15 (13) μm long; 1 or 2 between L1 and L2; each side of pygidium with 39–62 macroducts in total. Other dorsal macroducts irregularly present on pygidium, mostly associated with sclerotized areas. Prepygidial dorsal macroducts decreasing in size anteriorly, numbering 0–52 on abdominal segment II, 0–7 on segment III, and 1–6 on segment IV. and 7–14 on segment V. Dorsum of pygidium with 6–8 pairs of small dorsal sclerotized areas of various shapes. Anal opening oval, diameter 16–21 (18) μm, situated about 86–114 (100) μm anterior to bases of L1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDEA6515FF91AF4BFF38F8D6FAA20EC4" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="954F369EFF91AF4BFF38F8D6FAA20EC4" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFF38F8D6FEC50E7F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1833,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFEBAF8D6FD8F0E7F" authorityName="Shen &amp; Wei" authorityYear="2025" box="[325,625,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lopholeucaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiguensis">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFEBAF8D6FD8F0E7F" box="[325,625,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Lopholeucaspis taiguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other species of
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFB90F8D6FAE10E7F" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1953" box="[1135,1311,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lopholeucaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFB90F8D6FAE10E7F" box="[1135,1311,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Lopholeucaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by having most plates acute apically, and in lacking plates lateral to L2. The new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFB04F8B1FA830E5B" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1897" box="[1275,1405,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Leucaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFB04F8B1FA830E5B" box="[1275,1405,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a similar distribution of gland tubercles and in the shape of the lobes but differs in lacking plates lateral to L
<quantity id="52089B7BFF91AF4BFA70F88EFF530E93" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
all the slide-mounted specimens at hand (whereas
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFD11F869FC900E93" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1897" box="[750,878,1942,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Leucaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFD11F869FC900E93" box="[750,878,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has 1–3 plates lateral to L2 on each side, according to the description by
<bibRefCitation id="F1614B6FFF91AF4BFE0AF846FCD80EE8" author="Miller, D. R. &amp; Davidson, J. A." box="[501,806,1977,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" refId="ref5944" refString="Miller, D. R. &amp; Davidson, J. A. (2005) Armored scale insect pests of trees and shrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 442 pp." type="book" year="2005">Miller &amp; Davidson (2005))</bibRefCitation>
. The new species can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFAEDF845FA620EEF" baseAuthorityName="Grandpre &amp; Charmoy" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1298,1436,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Leucaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFAEDF845FA620EEF" box="[1298,1436,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">L. cockerelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of dorsal macroducts, having 26–45 on each side (whereas
<taxonomicName id="52F04D1DFF91AF4BFC29F821FB9F0ECB" baseAuthorityName="Grandpre &amp; Charmoy" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[982,1121,2013,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Leucaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
<emphasis id="A784EA8CFF91AF4BFC29F821FB9F0ECB" box="[982,1121,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">L. cockerelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no more than 15).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="8D143861F590ABCCFD75D5E054A1D1B8">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FF047802B5DA3D07" bold="true" box="[151,506,285,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Entomoculiini
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6461FFF6FEC37802B5DA3D07" author="Coiffait, H." box="[336,506,285,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="60 - 81" refId="ref17818" refString="Coiffait, H. (1957) Diagnoses preliminaires de nouveaux Leptotyphlitae (Deuxieme note) [Col., Staphylinidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 24, 60-81." type="journal article" year="1957">Coiffait, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FF04787AB5323D4F" bold="true" box="[151,274,357,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Mandibles lacking premolar tooth; antennae with 10 or 11 antennomeres; all visible tergites with well-defined paratergites; deep, basal transversal sulcus at least on visible abdominal sternite 5, except for
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6461FFF6FB7D7896B1BC3D93" authorityName="Struyve" authorityYear="2022" box="[1262,1436,393,419]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Romanotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FB7D7896B1BC3D93" box="[1262,1436,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Romanotyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FF5478B2B5703DF7" box="[199,336,429,455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Paratyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where it is present also on visible sternites 2–4, later genus known from northern Africa, Balearic Islands, Iberian Peninsula and
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C6461FFF6FE6678CEB6773DDB" box="[501,599,465,491]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
); maxillary palpi with palpomere 2 strongly dilated, distinctly larger than palpomere 3.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4ECC65056461FFF6FF547B06B77E3EAF" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FF547B06B5143E03" bold="true" box="[199,308,537,563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Remarks</emphasis>
.
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with seven genera and 256 valid species names is the second most speciose tribe of the subfamily. It has exclusively west Palaearctic distribution and is known from the whole Mediterranean region, going from
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up to
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, northern Africa,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FD487B7EB7603E4B" box="[731,832,609,635]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Romania</collectingCountry>
and now also from
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FBB17B7EB04D3E4B" box="[1058,1133,609,635]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Serbia</collectingCountry>
. Three Balkan genera, (the distribution
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6461FFF6FE8C7B9AB5553EAF" box="[287,373,645,671]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1492,1516]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,452,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-70@29.[151,1436,452,1468]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 89. Map of the distribution of the tribe Entomoculiini of the Balkan Peninsula–genus Allotyphlus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954130/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Figs 89</figureCitation>
,
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) can be separated by the following key:
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1 All tarsi with three tarsomeres............................................................
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Coiffait
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<keyLead id="BD2795BB6461FFF6FF047BF7B1BC3ECD" box="[151,1436,743,765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">- All tarsi with two tarsomeres............................................................................ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0669368E6461FFF6FF047A3DB1BD3F65" blockId="4.[151,1437,802,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
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2 Antennal club composed of two antennomeres; antennomere 5 about as large as 4 and 6; aedeagus symmetric; parameres strongly enlarged, largely covering distal part of median lobe.................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6461FFF6FB5F7A20B1BD3F65" ID-CoL="8XKQN" authority="Dodero" authorityName="Dodero" authorityYear="1900" box="[1228,1437,831,853]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cyrtotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FB5F7A20B1BD3F65" bold="true" box="[1228,1437,831,853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FB5F7A20B16B3F65" bold="true" box="[1228,1355,831,853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Cyrtotyphlus</emphasis>
Dodero
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<paragraph id="0669368E6461FFF6FF047A42B1BC3FA0" blockId="4.[151,1437,802,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6461FFF6FF047A42B1BC3FA0" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
- Antennal club composed of five antennomeres; antennomere 5 larger than 4 and 6; aedeagus asymmetric, parameres of different shape...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6461FFF6FB397A65B1BC3FA0" ID-CoL="9GK9S" authority="Struyve" authorityName="Struyve" authorityYear="2022" box="[1194,1436,890,912]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Romanotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FB397A65B1BC3FA0" bold="true" box="[1194,1436,890,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FB397A65B1663FA0" bold="true" box="[1194,1350,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Romanotyphlus</emphasis>
Struyve
</emphasis>
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319
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<mods:title id="4E5E1F02015E3E048ADCA8C4732C6904">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6461FFF6FF047F71B7A43AB8" authority="Hlavac, Janak &amp; Banar" authorityName="Hlavac, Janak &amp; Banar" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,900,1646,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stolensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Moreotyphlus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FF047F71B5023AB9" bold="true" box="[151,290,1646,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Allotyphlus</emphasis>
(
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)
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Hlaváč, Janák &amp; Baňař
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,
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<subSubSection id="4ECC65056461FFF6FF047F8DB57A3A9D" box="[151,346,1682,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="0669368E6461FFF6FF047F8DB57A3A9D" blockId="4.[151,1007,1646,1709]" box="[151,346,1682,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6461FFF6FF047F8DB5293A9D" box="[151,265,1682,1709]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox-0="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[176,1418,194,1824]" captionTargetId-0="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@7.[162,1426,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." captionText-1="FIGURES 18–24. 18a–18e. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 18a–c, holotype; 18d–e, paratypes; 18a–e, aedeagus, ventral view. 19–24. Banatotyphlus siclus, Serbia, Stol: 19, male tergite VIII; 20, male sternite VIII; 21, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 22, male abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 23a–b, aedeagus, lateral view; 24a–b, aedeagus ventral view. Scales: 0.1 mm: 18a–e; 19–22; 23a–24b." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954102" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14954102/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Figs 1–18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6461FFF6FE877F8CB57A3A9D" box="[276,346,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–84" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-30@24.[167,1421,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 83–84. Serbia, Mt. Stol, about 660 m a.s.l., locality of Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov. and Banatotyphlus siclus; 83, picture taken on 14th October 2022; 84, picture taken on 26th May 2024." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954118/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">83–84</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056461FFF6FF047FC5B7023B0D" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0669368E6461FFF6FF047FC5B7023B0D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1754,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FF047FC5B5463AC4" bold="true" box="[151,358,1754,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Material studied.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD36461FFF6FEFE7FC5B0373B29" collectingDate="2024-05-26" collectionCode="JJRC" collectorName="J. Janak" country="Serbia" elevation="660" latitude="44.16446" location="Mt. Stol" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.11492" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6461FFF6FEFE7FC5B5F83AC4" box="[365,472,1754,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FE767FC3B6533AC4" bold="true" box="[485,627,1754,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076461FFF6FE767FC3B5DC3AC8" box="[485,508,1756,1784]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FD987FC5B6533AC4" box="[523,627,1754,1780]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">SERBIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
with one label “SERBIA or.
<date id="7268104E6461FFF6FC2C7FC5B00D3AC4" box="[959,1069,1754,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" value="2024-05-26">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A66461FFF6FC2C7FC5B00D3AC4" box="[959,1069,1754,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" value="2024-05-26">26.v.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<location id="030960556461FFF6FBD77FC4B0843AC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F87986461FFFAFF047F71B597392D:030960556461FFF6FBD77FC4B0843AC4" box="[1092,1188,1754,1781]" country="Serbia" latitude="44.16446" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.11492" name="Mt. Stol" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Mt. Stol</location>
, soil washing,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6461FFF6FADE7FC5B1AD3AC4" box="[1357,1421,1754,1780]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="660.0">
<elevation id="8DFBD1BD6461FFF6FADE7FC5B1AD3AC4" box="[1357,1421,1754,1780]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="660.0">660m</elevation>
</quantity>
/
<geoCoordinate id="63E250496461FFF6FF047FE1B5373B28" box="[151,279,1790,1816]" degrees="44.16446" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" precision="1" value="44.16446">44.16446N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E250496461FFF6FEB07FE0B5BC3B29" box="[291,412,1791,1817]" degrees="22.11492" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" precision="1" value="22.11492">22.11492E</geoCoordinate>
/
<collectorName id="AB2353586461FFF6FE217FE0B62B3B28" box="[434,523,1790,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">J. Janák</collectorName>
lgt., hornbeam forest” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6461FFF6FC5D7FE0B02F3B29" box="[974,1039,1791,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">JJRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD36461FFF6FBB17FE0B73E3B0D" collectingDate="2024-05-26" collectionCode="JJRC, MMBC" collectorName="J. Janak" country="Serbia" elevation="660" latitude="44.16446" location="Mt. Stol" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.11492" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="8" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6461FFF6FBB17FE0B0B33B29" box="[1058,1171,1791,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: same data as holotype,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076461FFF6FF047E3CB4F83B0D" box="[151,216,1827,1853]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076461FFF6FF777E3CB5053B0D" box="[228,293,1827,1853]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
: (
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076461FFF6FEA87E3CB55C3B0D" box="[315,380,1827,1853]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076461FFF6FE1B7E3CB5E73B0D" box="[392,455,1827,1853]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6461FFF6FE787E3CB6093B0D" box="[491,553,1827,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">JJRC</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076461FFF6FDA77E3CB6403B0D" box="[564,608,1827,1853]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076461FFF6FDFF7E3CB6B63B0D" box="[620,662,1827,1853]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6461FFF6FD297E3CB7363B0D" box="[698,790,1827,1853]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056461FFF7FF547E59B1B63D2D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0669368E6461FFF7FF547E59B1B63D2D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1754,2033]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FF547E59B51A3B50" bold="true" box="[199,314,1862,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Maxillary palpi (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6461FFF6FD9F7E59B6713B51" box="[524,593,1862,1889]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with palpomere 2 dilated, about twice as wide as 3; palpomere 4 small, about three times shorter and narrower than 3; gular sutures confluent anteriorly at about midlength of head capsule, after meeting point again separated to two divergent sutures (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6461FFF6FCCA7E91B7BF3B98" box="[857,927,1934,1960]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); antennae with long scape about as long as terminal antennomere, about 1.6 times as long as wide; pedicel about as long as wide; antennomeres 3–10 transverse; terminal antennomere subtriangular, pointed to apex, slightly longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6461FFF6FBA47EC9B0563BC0" box="[1079,1142,2006,2032]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Fig.7</figureCitation>
); visible tergites 1–5 and visible sternite 2–4 with shallow basal impression (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6460FFF7FD437988B7333C81" box="[720,787,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); visible sternite 5 (VII) with deep transversal sulcus (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6460FFF7FAFC7988B4863CE5" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6460FFF7FF2179A4B4D53CE4" box="[178,245,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">arrow</emphasis>
), visible sternite 6 (VIII) of male symmetric, with median posterior excision which is prolonged with wide, deep impression (Figs 11–12); tarsal formula 3-3-3 (Figs 15–16); aedeagus with median lobe prolonged by long slender ventral lamina; parameres short, ventrally left paramere longer than right one, with 3 distal setae (Fig. 17).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056460FFFAFF547839B7523FE4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="0669368E6460FFF7FF547839B5103D55" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6460FFF7FF547839B5713D70" bold="true" box="[199,337,294,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Description</emphasis>
. Body (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6460FFF7FE217838B63D3D71" box="[434,541,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
) about
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6460FFF7FDEA7838B6F23D71" box="[633,722,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
long (with abdomen slightly extended posteriad), completely depigmented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52A966066460FFF7FF047E4CB1373B83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" startId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" targetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0669368E6460FFF7FF047E4CB1373B83" blockId="5.[151,1436,1875,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6460FFF7FF047E4CB5163B5B" bold="true" box="[151,310,1875,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 1–8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6460FFF7FED07E4CB6353B5B" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[323,533,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stolensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6460FFF7FED07E4CB6353B5B" box="[323,533,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Allotyphlus stolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6460FFF7FD8E7E4CB64F3B5B" bold="true" box="[541,623,1875,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76460FFF7FD8E7E4CB64F3B5B" box="[541,623,1875,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0669368E6463FFF4FF047F7EB00D3AD5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1633,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6463FFF4FF047F7EB5623A49" bold="true" box="[151,322,1633,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 9–17</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6463FFF4FEC37F7EB6023A49" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[336,546,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stolensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6463FFF4FEC37F7EB6023A49" box="[336,546,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Allotyphlus stolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6463FFF4FDB97F7EB65B3A49" bold="true" box="[554,635,1633,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76463FFF4FDB97F7EB65B3A49" box="[554,635,1633,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 10, 11, 17a,
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6463FFF4FC987F7EB7473A49" box="[779,871,1633,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 12, 14, 17b–d,
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6463FFF4FB9D7F7EB0453A49" box="[1038,1125,1633,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male; 9, 13, 15–16,
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6463FFF4FAA87F7EB1BC3A49" box="[1339,1436,1633,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
females; 9, prosternum; 10, male tergite VIII; 11–12, male sternite VIII; 13, terminal abdominal segment, female, ventral view; 14, terminal abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 15, pro- and mesotarsi, female; 16, metatarsus, female; 17a–c, aedeagus, lateral view; 17d, distal part of paramere. Scales: 0,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6463FFF4FD307FD2B6FF3AD4" box="[675,735,1741,1765]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
: 9; 10–12; 13; 14; 15–16; 17a–c.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6463FFF4FF547E28B7943BD1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1847,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6463FFF4FEE57E28B59E3B61" box="[374,446,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) slightly longer than wide; wider than pronotum, posterior part deeply inserted into pronotum; basal capsule separated from neck region by occipital constriction, part of head capsule and neck region retracted into pronotum; gular sutures (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6463FFF4FDDB7E60B6AA3BA9" box="[584,650,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) confluent anteriorly at about midlength of head capsule, after meeting point again separated to two divergent arms; maxillary palpi (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6463FFF4FCDB7EBCB7AA3B8E" box="[840,906,1955,1982]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with palpomere 2 dilated, about twice as wide as 3; palpomere 4 small, about three times shorter and narrower than 3.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52A966066462FFF5FF047E59B6153BFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954102/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" startId="7.[151,264,1862,1886]" targetBox="[176,1418,194,1824]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0669368E6462FFF5FF047E59B6153BFB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1862,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6462FFF5FF047E59B56F3B6E" bold="true" box="[151,335,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">FIGURES 18–24</emphasis>
. 18a–18e.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6462FFF5FE2C7E58B6B13B6F" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[447,657,1863,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stolensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6462FFF5FE2C7E58B6B13B6F" box="[447,657,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Allotyphlus stolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6462FFF5FD0B7E58B6CA3B6F" bold="true" box="[664,746,1863,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76462FFF5FD0B7E58B6CA3B6F" box="[664,746,1863,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 18a–c, holotype; 18d–e, paratypes; 18a–e, aedeagus, ventral view. 19–24.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6462FFF5FF777E74B5973BB3" authorityName="Struyve" authorityYear="2022" box="[228,439,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Banatotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siclus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6462FFF5FF777E74B5973BB3" box="[228,439,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Banatotyphlus siclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Serbia, Stol: 19, male tergite VIII; 20, male sternite VIII; 21, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 22, male abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 23a–b, aedeagus, lateral view; 24a–b, aedeagus ventral view. Scales: 0.1 mm: 18a–e; 19–22; 23a–24b.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547988B5963D73" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
Antennae (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646DFFFAFED27988B5A33C81" box="[321,387,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) long, scape about as long as terminal antennomere, about 1.6 times as long as wide; pedicel as long as wide, as wide as scape, twice as long as antennomere 3; antennomeres 3–10 transverse; 3, 4 and 6 subequal in length; antennomere 5 larger than 4 and 6; 5 and 7 subequal in length; 8 as long as 7; 8 and 9 twice as wide as long; 9 1.25 times as long as 8; 10 1.2 times as long as 9; terminal antennomere subtriangular, pointed to apex, slightly longer than wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547851B7A03D80" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646DFFFAFED57852B5AA3D57" box="[326,394,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) about 1.1 times as long as wide, widest in anterior quarter, after that convergent posteriad; anterior angles widely rounded; posterior angles sharper; about 1.2 times as long as elytra. Prosternum (Fig. 9) fused with proepisternum, procoxal cavities rounded on anterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF5478A4B6463DE5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" box="[199,614,443,469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
Elytra (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646DFFFAFE8878A4B57D3DE5" box="[283,349,443,469]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) about as long as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF5478C0B5C63F2E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646DFFFAFED478C0B58C3DCA" box="[327,428,479,506]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
) long, considerably longer than length of head capsule, pronotum and elytra combined. Visible tergites 1–5 (IV–VIII) and visible sternites 2–4 (IV–VI) with shallow basal impression, visible sternite 5 (VII) with deep transverse sulcus (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646DFFFAFD897B37B67D3E73" box="[538,605,552,579]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFDF97B36B68D3E72" box="[618,685,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">arrow</emphasis>
). Visible tergite 6 (IX) of male expanded in posterior half and with rounded apical margin (Fig. 10). Visible sternite 6 (VIII) of male (Figs 11, 12) symmetric, setose in posterior half, about as long as wide, with median posterior excision which is prolonged with wide, deep impression, its surface shagreened and lateral sides bordered by line of short setae. Terminal abdominal segments of female (Fig. 13) with two paired longitudinal sclerites and half-circled shaped structure in middle. Male sternite IX asymmetric, with posterior margin rounded, lateral parts of tergite IX asymmetric, strongly chitinised, tergite X with short pointed projections laterally (Fig. 14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547A36B7F83F73" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" box="[199,984,808,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Legs short, all tibia distally dilated, tarsal formula 3-3-3 (Figs 15–16).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547A52B7523FE4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
Aedeagus (Figs 17, 18) about
<quantity id="C12E9B6B646DFFFAFD8F7A52B6A03F57" box="[540,640,845,871]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
long, median lobe prolonged by long slender distal process, basal part about 1.4 times as long as distal process, apex of distal process variable, rounded and slightly curved at apex in lateral view, with sharp, short preapical tooth; sclerite of median lobe well-defined; parameres short, in ventral view left paramere longer than right one, with 3 distal setae (Fig. 17d).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505646DFFFAFF547AC0B6493857" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547AC0B0723FC9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" box="[199,1106,991,1017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFF547AC0B5683FC9" bold="true" box="[199,328,991,1017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Etymology</emphasis>
. Locotypic, named after Stol planina, the
<typeStatus id="D96D882C646DFFFAFCB37AC0B7703FC9" box="[800,848,991,1017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547D1BB6493857" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFF547D1BB5AD382D" bold="true" box="[199,397,1027,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Natural History.</emphasis>
All specimens were collected by the soil-washing in a belt of hornbeam forest with hazel, maple and oak on a north-facing slope above a stream, together with
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646DFFFAFC547D37B0933872" authorityName="Struyve" authorityYear="2022" box="[967,1203,1064,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Banatotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siclus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFC547D37B0933872" box="[967,1203,1064,1090]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Banatotyphlus siclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The volume of the sample had about 100 liters (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646DFFFAFE497D53B67D3857" box="[474,605,1100,1127]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–84" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-30@24.[167,1421,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 83–84. Serbia, Mt. Stol, about 660 m a.s.l., locality of Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov. and Banatotyphlus siclus; 83, picture taken on 14th October 2022; 84, picture taken on 26th May 2024." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954118/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Figs 83–84</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505646DFFFAFF547D6EB0F138C9" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547D6EB0F138C9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFF547D6EB51B38BB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1137,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646DFFFAFED27D6EB6FA38BB" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[321,730,1137,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stolensis" subGenus="Moreotyphlus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFED27D6EB5E138BB" box="[321,449,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Allotyphlus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFE437D6EB64A38BB" box="[464,618,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Moreotyphlus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFDE97D6EB6FA38BB" box="[634,730,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">stolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has similar aedeagus as
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646DFFFAFC787D6EB04D38BB" authorityName="Assing" authorityYear="2018" box="[1003,1133,1137,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candicus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFC787D6EB04D38BB" box="[1003,1133,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">A. candicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646DFFFAFB327D6EB13E38BB" authorityName="Assing" authorityYear="2019" box="[1185,1310,1137,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foedatus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFB327D6EB13E38BB" box="[1185,1310,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">A. foedatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(both from
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E646DFFFAFF047D89B4C93880" box="[151,233,1174,1200]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C646DFFFAFF667D89B5133880" box="[245,307,1174,1200]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Crete</collectingRegion>
) with long ventral lamina. It can be readily separated from late two species by the distal part of the ventral lamina slightly curved with rounded apex. The apex of the median lobe of
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646DFFFAFBD77DA5B0E938E4" authorityName="Assing" authorityYear="2018" box="[1092,1225,1210,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candicus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFBD77DA5B0E938E4" box="[1092,1225,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">A. candicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646DFFFAFA917DA5B1A138E4" authorityName="Assing" authorityYear="2019" box="[1282,1409,1210,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foedatus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFA917DA5B1A138E4" box="[1282,1409,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">A. foedatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sharp, not curved and it is much shorter in the relation of the length of basal part of median lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505646DFFFAFF547C1CB597392D" box="[199,439,1283,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0669368E646DFFFAFF547C1CB597392D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1310]" box="[199,439,1283,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646DFFFAFF547C1CB579392D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1283,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E646DFFFAFEF47C1CB592392D" box="[359,434,1283,1309]" name="Serbia" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Serbia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="9BFC38F85C106FEFBA7CD21A11C75C4F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5594.1.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954098" ID-ZooBank="F2D6115F-D1E0-470E-8A29-9080AC095DC8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1740852579006" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hlaváč, Peter, Janák, Jiří &amp; Baňař, Petr" docDate="2025" docId="8E7F87986466FFF6FF047AE9B1BC3CFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5594.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5594 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5594.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Afrotyphlus;Allotyphlus;Apheliotyphlus;Apotyphlus;Australiotyphlus;Austriacotyphlus;Banatotyphlus;Cafrotyphlus;Cainotyphlus;Cephalotyphlus;Chiliotyphlus;Chionotyphlus;Cretotyphlus;Cubanotyphlus;Cyclotyphlus;Cyrtotyphlus;Egeotyphlus;Entomoculia;Eotyphlus;Epalxotyphlus;Eutyphlops;Eutyphlus;Glyptotyphlus;Gynotyphlus;Hesperotyphlus;Heteroleptotyphlus;Heterotyphlus;Homeotyphlus;Idahotyphlus;Italicotyphlus;Kenotyphlus;Kilimatyphlus;Kladotyphlus;Leptotyphlus;Macrotyphlus;Mayatyphlus;Megatyphlus;Mesotyphlus;Metrotyphlus;Neocyrtotyphlus;Neoleptotyphlus;Neotyphlus;Newtonius;Oligotyphlus;Oreinotyphlus;Oreotyphlus;Paramacrotyphlus;Paratyphlus;Parentomoculia;Portotyphlus;Prototyphlus;Rhopalotyphlus;Romanotyphlus;Sekotyphlus;Telotyphlus;Tropidotyphlus;Venezillotyphlus;Xenotyphlus Fauvel 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="7246FFE06465FFF2FF93791FB4203C30" masterDocTitle="Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1740856043265" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2C46562767CD58AB99856627215F74F5">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="17BAF4D7CD09AB930D85EB0C283FCBCF">Hlaváč, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8AC3E5FAA6215782DB06B18E7495235B">Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1, Brno, CZ- 613 00, Czech Republic.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FF047AE9B5DC3820" ID-CoL="8VR5H" authority="Fauvel, 1874" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,508,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptotyphlinae">
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Leptotyphlinae
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FECE7AE8B5DC3820" author="Fauvel, A." box="[349,508,1014,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="167 - 340" refId="ref18502" refString="Fauvel, A. (1874) Faune Gallo-Rhenane. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, Series 2, 8, 167-340." type="journal article" year="1874">Fauvel, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FF047D21B52A3868" bold="true" box="[151,266,1086,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Very small beetles, body length about
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; depigmented; eyes completely atrophied. Head capsule large, neck region short; gular sutures always well-defined, confluent or not in middle or anterior third of head length; mandibles strong, symmetric with one or more teeth; maxillary palpi composed from four palpomeres, palpomere 2 and 3 of different shape and size, tribe characteristic. Antennae with 10 or 11 antennomeres, scape and pedicel always large; antennal club composed from two to five antennomeres. Pronotum about as long as head or slightly shorter. Elytra reduced, slightly wider than long; lacking hind wings. Abdomen longer than head, pronotum and elytra combined; visible sternites simple, slightly impressed or with deep transverse sulcus at posterior region.
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are actually classified into six tribes which can be separated by following key.
</paragraph>
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<key id="724761BF6466FFF1FF047C9FB1BC39A5" box="[151,1436,1408,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">1 All visible tergites with well-defined paratergites............................................................ 2</key>
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<keyLead id="BD2795BB6466FFF1FF047C82B1BC3982" box="[151,1436,1437,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
- Visible tergites 2–5 lacking paratergites.
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....................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FBEE7C82B1BC3982" ID-CoL="8XHL4" authority="Pace, 2014" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="2014" box="[1149,1436,1437,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Australiotyphlini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FBEE7C82B10D3983" bold="true" box="[1149,1325,1437,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Australiotyphlini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FAA07C82B1BC3982" author="Pace, R." box="[1331,1436,1437,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="97 - 103" refId="ref19584" refString="Pace, R. (2014) Description of Australiotyphlus cabbagensis gen. n., sp. n. of the new tribe Australiotyphlini from Australia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae: Leptotyphlinae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 74, 97-103. [2013]" type="journal article" year="2014">Pace, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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2 Visible sternite 5 with deep, transversal sulcus (
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), in some genera deep, transversal sulcus is present on visible sternites 2–5 (
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FE877CEAB58B3A3A" box="[276,427,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Cephalotyphlus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FE237CEAB6193A3B" author="Coiffait, H." box="[432,569,1525,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref17946" refString="Coiffait, H. (1963) Les Leptotyphlitae (Col. Staphylinidae) du Chili; systematique et biogeographie de la sous-famille. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. 2. Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 371-383." type="book chapter" year="1963">Coiffait, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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,
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FDD07CEAB7453A3A" ID-CoL="9GK9S" authority="Struyve, 2022" authorityName="Struyve" authorityYear="2022" box="[579,869,1525,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Romanotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FDD07CEAB6F83A3A" box="[579,728,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Romanotyphlus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FD4D7CEAB7453A3A" author="Struyve, T." box="[734,869,1525,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref20021" refString="Struyve, T. (2022) On the soil dwelling Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Romania. Belgian Journal of Entomology, 126, 1-22." type="journal article" year="2022">Struyve, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FC007CEAB0E43A3B" ID-CoL="8XNPJ" authority="Blackwelder, 1952" authorityName="Blackwelder" authorityYear="1952" box="[915,1220,1525,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paratyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FC007CEAB0283A3A" box="[915,1032,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Paratyphlus</emphasis>
Blackwelder, 1952
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)............... 3
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<keyLead id="BD2795BB6466FFF1FF047F0CB1BC3A17" box="[151,1436,1554,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">- All visible sternites lacking deep, transversal sulcus, at most with shallow depression............................... 4</keyLead>
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3 Maxillary palpi with palpomere 2 strongly dilated, distinctly larger than palpomere 3. The whole Mediterranean region, Canary Islands and
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FEC77F75B58B3AB0" box="[340,427,1642,1664]" name="Romania" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Romania</collectingCountry>
...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FBEC7F75B1BC3AB0" ID-CoL="8XHNM" authority="Coiffait, 1957" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1957" box="[1151,1436,1642,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Entomoculiini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FBEC7F75B1303AB0" bold="true" box="[1151,1296,1642,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Entomoculiini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FA857F75B1BC3AB0" author="Coiffait, H." box="[1302,1436,1642,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="60 - 81" refId="ref17818" refString="Coiffait, H. (1957) Diagnoses preliminaires de nouveaux Leptotyphlitae (Deuxieme note) [Col., Staphylinidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 24, 60-81." type="journal article" year="1957">Coiffait, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="BD2795BB6466FFF1FF047F97B1BC3A8B" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
- Maxillary palpi with palpomeres 2 and 3 dilated, palpomere 3 larger than palpomere 2.
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FBBA7F97B04A3AAD" box="[1065,1130,1672,1693]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">France</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FB0A7F97B0E53AAE" box="[1177,1221,1672,1694]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Italy</collectingCountry>
...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FBF87FBAB1BC3A8B" ID-CoL="8XHLQ" authority="Coiffait, 1963" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1963" box="[1131,1436,1701,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cephalotyphlini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FBF87FBAB1303A8B" bold="true" box="[1131,1296,1701,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Cephalotyphlini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FA857FBAB1BC3A8B" author="Coiffait, H." box="[1302,1436,1701,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref17946" refString="Coiffait, H. (1963) Les Leptotyphlitae (Col. Staphylinidae) du Chili; systematique et biogeographie de la sous-famille. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. 2. Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 371-383." type="book chapter" year="1963">Coiffait, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="0669368E6466FFF1FF047FFFB1BC3B22" blockId="3.[151,1436,1760,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6466FFF1FF047FFFB1BC3B22" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
4 Palpomere 2 strongly dilated, much more developed than palpomere 3. Mediterranean region,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FB387FFFB1213AC6" box="[1195,1281,1760,1782]" name="Slovakia" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FA837FFFB1493AC6" box="[1296,1385,1760,1782]" name="Tanzania" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, The
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FF717FE2B6263B22" box="[226,518,1789,1811]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Democratic republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
....................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FB1E7FE2B1BC3B22" ID-CoL="8X6NB" authority="Fauvel, 1874" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1874" box="[1165,1436,1789,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptotyphlini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FB1E7FE2B1393B23" bold="true" box="[1165,1305,1789,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Leptotyphlini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FA8C7FE2B1BC3B22" author="Fauvel, A." box="[1311,1436,1789,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="167 - 340" refId="ref18502" refString="Fauvel, A. (1874) Faune Gallo-Rhenane. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, Series 2, 8, 167-340." type="journal article" year="1874">Fauvel, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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<keyLead id="BD2795BB6466FFF1FF047E04B1BC3B00" box="[151,1436,1818,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">- Both palpomeres 2 and 3 about equally dilated.............................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0669368E6466FFF1FF047E4AB1BC3B96" blockId="3.[151,1437,1877,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6466FFF1FF047E4AB1BC3B96" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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5 Fore coxal cavities rounded on its anterior margin, with or without small excision on lateral side of its anterior margin; proepisternum and prosternum fused, not separated by suture; ligula not distinct; mandibles not falciform. Europe,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FAF17E6DB1B83BB8" box="[1378,1432,1906,1928]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FF717E8FB50B3B96" box="[226,299,1936,1958]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(undescribed species) and
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6466FFF1FDBC7E8FB6B23B96" box="[559,658,1936,1958]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
........................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6466FFF1FB137E90B1BC3B96" ID-CoL="8XHRF" authority="Coiffait, 1963" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1963" box="[1152,1436,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metrotyphlini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6466FFF1FB137E90B1303B95" bold="true" box="[1152,1296,1935,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Metrotyphlini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6466FFF1FA857E8FB1BC3B96" author="Coiffait, H." box="[1302,1436,1936,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref17946" refString="Coiffait, H. (1963) Les Leptotyphlitae (Col. Staphylinidae) du Chili; systematique et biogeographie de la sous-famille. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. 2. Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 371-383." type="book chapter" year="1963">Coiffait, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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<keyLead id="BD2795BB6466FFF1FF047EB2B1BD3BD0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">- Fore coxal cavities on its anterior margin with well-defined excision which is prolonged anteriad by suture separating proepisternum from prosternum; ligula distinct, represented with pair of well visible, widely-separated projections; mandibles</keyLead>
falciform. The most widely distributed tribe, known from the mediterranean region,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FB9C7988B0483C9D" box="[1039,1128,151,173]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FBE17988B0923C9D" box="[1138,1202,151,173]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Serbia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FB287988B1313C9D" box="[1211,1297,151,173]" name="Slovenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FA8F7988B1B93C9D" box="[1308,1433,151,173]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FF7179AAB5313CFA" box="[226,273,181,202]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C6461FFF6FE8E79AAB5A23CFB" box="[285,386,181,203]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C6461FFF6FE1F79AAB5E53CFB" box="[396,453,181,203]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Idaho</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C6461FFF6FE5D79AAB6363CFB" box="[462,534,181,203]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C6461FFF6FD8D79AAB6443CFB" box="[542,612,181,203]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Alaska</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FDE679AAB6953CFB" box="[629,693,181,203]" name="Belize" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FD2D79AAB6D33CFB" box="[702,755,181,203]" name="Cuba" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FD6E79AAB7453CFB" box="[765,869,181,203]" name="Guatemala" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6461FFF6FC0779AAB7E83CFB" box="[916,968,181,203]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6461FFF6FB0B79AAB1BC3CFB" ID-CoL="8VR98" authority="Coiffait, 1963" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1963" box="[1176,1436,181,203]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Neotyphlini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6461FFF6FB0B79AAB1303CFB" bold="true" box="[1176,1296,181,203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Neotyphlini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6461FFF6FA8579AAB1BC3CFB" author="Coiffait, H." box="[1302,1436,181,203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref17946" refString="Coiffait, H. (1963) Les Leptotyphlitae (Col. Staphylinidae) du Chili; systematique et biogeographie de la sous-famille. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. 2. Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 371-383." type="book chapter" year="1963">Coiffait, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

182
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<mods:title id="BF8DF7390BE9309DABE770AB9A6550CB">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFF047B90B5B33E9A" bold="true" box="[151,403,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Banatotyphlus siclus</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFF047BE4B5A33F25" bold="true" box="[151,387,763,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6468FFFFFE1F7BE4B5D43F25" box="[396,500,763,789]" name="Serbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">SERBIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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,
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: with one label “SERBIA or.
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/
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, soil washing,
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,
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<collectorName id="AB2353586468FFFFFE267A3FB62F3F09" box="[437,527,799,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">J. Janák</collectorName>
lgt., hornbeam forest” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6468FFFFFC457A00B0373F09" box="[982,1047,799,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">JJRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD36468FFFFFBB87A00B65D3F6D" collectingDate="2024-05-26" collectionCode="JJRC, MMBC" collectorName="J. Janak" country="Serbia" elevation="660" latitude="44.16446" location="Mt. Stol" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.11492" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="16">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076468FFFFFBB87A00B0543F09" box="[1067,1140,799,825]" count="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" type="male">16♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076468FFFFFB137A00B09B3F09" box="[1152,1211,799,825]" count="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" type="female">6♀♀</specimenCount>
: same locality label but collected on
<date id="7268104E6468FFFFFEC27A5CB59F3F6D" box="[337,447,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" value="2024-05-26">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A66468FFFFFEC27A5CB59F3F6D" box="[337,447,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" value="2024-05-26">26.v.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
(
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,
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6468FFFFFD8A7A5CB6553F6D" box="[537,629,835,861]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6468FFFFFF547A78B7F23FDD" blockId="13.[151,1437,763,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFF547A78B5CE3FB1" bold="true" box="[199,494,871,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Supplement description.</emphasis>
Visible tergite 6 (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6468FFFFFD567A78B6C53FB1" box="[709,741,871,897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">IX</collectionCode>
) of male elongate with rounded posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6468FFFFFAAB7A78B1AF3FB1" box="[1336,1423,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[176,1418,194,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[162,1426,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. 18a–18e. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 18a–c, holotype; 18d–e, paratypes; 18a–e, aedeagus, ventral view. 19–24. Banatotyphlus siclus, Serbia, Stol: 19, male tergite VIII; 20, male sternite VIII; 21, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 22, male abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 23a–b, aedeagus, lateral view; 24a–b, aedeagus ventral view. Scales: 0.1 mm: 18a–e; 19–22; 23a–24b." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Visible sternite 6 (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6468FFFFFEF27A94B5B43F95" box="[353,404,907,933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">VIII</collectionCode>
) of male with deep emargination in posterior third (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6468FFFFFC437A94B0033F95" box="[976,1059,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[176,1418,194,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[162,1426,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. 18a–18e. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 18a–c, holotype; 18d–e, paratypes; 18a–e, aedeagus, ventral view. 19–24. Banatotyphlus siclus, Serbia, Stol: 19, male tergite VIII; 20, male sternite VIII; 21, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 22, male abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 23a–b, aedeagus, lateral view; 24a–b, aedeagus ventral view. Scales: 0.1 mm: 18a–e; 19–22; 23a–24b." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), male tergites IX and X as in
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6468FFFFFAE37A94B4953FF9" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[176,1418,194,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[162,1426,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. 18a–18e. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 18a–c, holotype; 18d–e, paratypes; 18a–e, aedeagus, ventral view. 19–24. Banatotyphlus siclus, Serbia, Stol: 19, male tergite VIII; 20, male sternite VIII; 21, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 22, male abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 23a–b, aedeagus, lateral view; 24a–b, aedeagus ventral view. Scales: 0.1 mm: 18a–e; 19–22; 23a–24b." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
, male sternite IX apically rounded (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6468FFFFFDD07AB0B6B63FF9" box="[579,662,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[176,1418,194,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[162,1426,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. 18a–18e. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 18a–c, holotype; 18d–e, paratypes; 18a–e, aedeagus, ventral view. 19–24. Banatotyphlus siclus, Serbia, Stol: 19, male tergite VIII; 20, male sternite VIII; 21, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 22, male abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 23a–b, aedeagus, lateral view; 24a–b, aedeagus ventral view. Scales: 0.1 mm: 18a–e; 19–22; 23a–24b." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6468FFFFFCB57AB0B7853FF9" box="[806,933,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[176,1418,194,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[162,1426,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. 18a–18e. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 18a–c, holotype; 18d–e, paratypes; 18a–e, aedeagus, ventral view. 19–24. Banatotyphlus siclus, Serbia, Stol: 19, male tergite VIII; 20, male sternite VIII; 21, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 22, male abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 23a–b, aedeagus, lateral view; 24a–b, aedeagus ventral view. Scales: 0.1 mm: 18a–e; 19–22; 23a–24b." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Figs 23–24</figureCitation>
) dorsaly elongate, slender, four times as long as wide, lateraly with apophysis in shape of “S”.
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFD2E7ACCB7F23FDD" bold="true" box="[701,978,979,1005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
First record for
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6468FFFFFCEE7ACCB7ED3FDD" box="[893,973,979,1005]" name="Serbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Serbia</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6468FFFFFF547AE8B0113821" blockId="13.[151,1437,763,1113]" box="[199,1073,1015,1042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFF547AE8B5AB3821" bold="true" box="[199,395,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Natural History.</emphasis>
The same as for
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6468FFFFFDD87AE8B7123821" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[587,818,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Allotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stolensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFDD87AE8B7123821" box="[587,818,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Allotyphlus stolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFCAA7AE8B7B33821" bold="true" box="[825,915,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76468FFFFFCAA7AE8B7B33821" box="[825,915,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6468FFFFFC317AE8B0053821" box="[930,1061,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–84" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-30@24.[167,1421,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 83–84. Serbia, Mt. Stol, about 660 m a.s.l., locality of Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov. and Banatotyphlus siclus; 83, picture taken on 14th October 2022; 84, picture taken on 26th May 2024." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Figs 83–84</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056468FFFFFF547D04B4D03869" pageId="13" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0669368E6468FFFFFF547D04B4D03869" blockId="13.[151,1437,763,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6468FFFFFF547D04B5793805" bold="true" box="[199,345,1051,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6468FFFFFEFD7D04B5F63805" box="[366,470,1051,1077]" name="Romania" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6468FFFFFE747D04B60F3805" box="[487,559,1051,1077]" name="Serbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Serbia</collectingCountry>
(Western Carpathians, on both side of the border between
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6468FFFFFA927D04B1463805" box="[1281,1382,1051,1077]" name="Romania" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Romania</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6468FFFFFF047D20B4C43869" box="[151,228,1087,1113]" name="Serbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="74">Serbia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

242
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<mods:title id="420C925B85137135B5A60D5E044E095C">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BEA42620CD59D1FDF2C7016A2B0CC8F2">Hlaváč, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3357FBFE3EA43C05C6A9256BB33FF43C">Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1, Brno, CZ- 613 00, Czech Republic.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D12BEDCC427D0A45D49247285B04BB2A">Baňař, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5D37FBAAE7FFD2D03C7A5F47675F7CA3" type="email">petrbanar@seznam.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSubSection id="4ECC65056469FFFEFF047A00B5D83F09" box="[151,504,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047A00B5D83F09" blockId="12.[151,504,799,825]" box="[151,504,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<heading id="5D2181E26469FFFEFF047A00B5D83F09" bold="true" box="[151,504,799,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFF047A00B5D83F09" ID-CoL="8XHRF" authority="Coiffait, 1963" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,504,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metrotyphlini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFF047A00B5D83F09" bold="true" box="[151,504,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
Metrotyphlini
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6469FFFEFEDD7A00B5D83F09" author="Coiffait, H." box="[334,504,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref17946" refString="Coiffait, H. (1963) Les Leptotyphlitae (Col. Staphylinidae) du Chili; systematique et biogeographie de la sous-famille. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. 2. Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 371-383." type="book chapter" year="1963">Coiffait, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056469FFFEFF047A78B6B73FDD" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047A78B6B73FDD" blockId="12.[151,1436,871,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFF047A78B5323FB1" bold="true" box="[151,274,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Maxillary palpomeres 2 and 3 strongly and about equally dilated; mandibles lacking premolar tooth; tarsi with 2 or 3 tarsomeres; prosternal coxal cavities rounded on anterior margin, lacking excision; lacking suture separating proepisternum from prosternum; all visible tergites with well-defined paratergites; all visible abdominal sternites lacking deep basal transverse sulcus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056469FFFEFF547AE8B5483891" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF547AE8B5483891" blockId="12.[151,1436,871,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFF547AE8B51B3821" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Remarks.</emphasis>
The tribe
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFE2F7AE8B6783821" box="[444,600,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metrotyphlini">Metrotyphlini</taxonomicName>
has actually, together with newly described genus, nine genera and 41 valid species names. Six genera are known in the Palaearctic region and two, monospecific genera, occur in South America,
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFE967D20B658386A" authority="Coiffait &amp; Saiz, 1965" authorityName="Coiffait &amp; Saiz" authorityYear="1965" box="[261,632,1087,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Apotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFE967D20B5A33869" box="[261,387,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Apotyphlus</emphasis>
Coiffait &amp; Saiz,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6469FFFEFDD37D20B658386A" box="[576,632,1087,1114]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9911" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" unit="in" value="1965.0">1965</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6469FFFEFD087D20B6F83869" box="[667,728,1087,1113]" name="Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Chile</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFC9E7D20B06A3869" authority="Decu, 1990" authorityName="Decu" authorityYear="1990" box="[781,1098,1087,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Venezillotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFC9E7D20B7E33869" box="[781,963,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Venezillotyphlus</emphasis>
Decu,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6469FFFEFB817D20B06A3869" box="[1042,1098,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0546" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" unit="in" value="1990.0">1990</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6469FFFEFBFF7D20B0C33869" box="[1132,1251,1087,1113]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. Un undescribed taxon is reported from
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6469FFFEFE0E7D7CB5D3384D" box="[413,499,1123,1149]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F6469FFFEFD917D7CB77B384D" author="Navarrete-Heredia, J. L. &amp; Newton, A. F. &amp; Thayer, M. K. &amp; Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S." box="[514,859,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" refId="ref18864" refString="Navarrete-Heredia, J. L., Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2002) Guia ilustrada para los generos de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de Mexico. Illustrated guide to the genera of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Mexico. Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco and CONABIO, Mexico City, xii + 401 pp." type="book" year="2002">
Navarrete-Heredia
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFD4E7D7BB736384D" box="[733,790,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
). The following key separates
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFB247D7CB173384D" box="[1207,1363,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metrotyphlini">Metrotyphlini</taxonomicName>
of the Palaearctic region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056469FFFEFF047DD3B1BD3BCA" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="key">
<key id="724761BF6469FFFEFF047DD3B1BD3BCA" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyStep id="BD222E2B6469FFFEFF047DD3B1BC38CF" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047DD3B1BC38D1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1228,1279]" box="[151,1436,1228,1250]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047DD3B1BC38D1" box="[151,1436,1228,1250]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">1 All legs with three tarsomeres........................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047DF5B1BC38CF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1228,1279]" box="[151,1436,1257,1279]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047DF5B1BC38CF" box="[151,1436,1257,1279]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">- All legs with two tarsomeres............................................................................ 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD222E2B6469FFFEFF047C3BB1BC3967" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047C3BB1BC3909" blockId="12.[151,1436,1316,1367]" box="[151,1436,1316,1338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047C3BB1BC3909" box="[151,1436,1316,1338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">2 Antenommere 5 larger than antennomeres 4 and 6........................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047C5DB1BC3967" blockId="12.[151,1436,1316,1367]" box="[151,1436,1345,1367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047C5DB1BC3967" box="[151,1436,1345,1367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">- Antenommere 5 not larger than antennomeres 4 and 6........................................................ 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD222E2B6469FFFEFF047C63B1BC399F" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047C63B1BD39A2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1404,1455]" box="[151,1437,1404,1426]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047C63B1BD39A2" box="[151,1437,1404,1426]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
3 Antennal club composed of 3 antennomeres................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFB597C63B1BD39A2" ID-CoL="8XLNS" authority="Coiffait" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1955" box="[1226,1437,1404,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Gynotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB597C63B1BD39A2" bold="true" box="[1226,1437,1404,1426]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB597C63B16739A2" bold="true" box="[1226,1351,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Gynotyphlus</emphasis>
Coiffait
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047C85B1BC399F" blockId="12.[151,1437,1404,1455]" box="[151,1436,1433,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047C85B1BC399F" box="[151,1436,1433,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">- Antennal club composed of 5 antennomeres................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD222E2B6469FFFEFF047CCBB1BC3A4C" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047CCBB1BD3A14" blockId="12.[151,1437,1492,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047CCBB1BD3A14" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
4 Labrum edentate, in middle slightly concave; last 4 antennomeres with large sensorial appendages (phaneres) inserted on upper part and curved towards lower part of antennomeres; aedeagus robust, asymmetric, parameres fused to median lobe, with four strong, distal setae....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFB5E7F11B1BD3A14" ID-CoL="8XL5C" authority="Coiffait" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1957" box="[1229,1437,1550,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Egeotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB5E7F11B1BD3A14" bold="true" box="[1229,1437,1550,1572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB5E7F11B1683A14" bold="true" box="[1229,1352,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Egeotyphlus</emphasis>
Coiffait
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047F32B1BC3A4C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1492,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047F32B1BC3A4C" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
- Labrum dentate; last 4 antennomeres with or without sensorial appendages (phaneres) but those if present always inserted on lower part and oriented towards upper part of antennomeres; aedeagus slender, symmetric, lacking parameres................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFB757F79B1BC3A4C" authority="Pace" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1995" box="[1254,1436,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB757F79B1BC3A4C" bold="true" box="[1254,1436,1638,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB757F79B1463A4C" bold="true" box="[1254,1382,1638,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Epirotyphlus</emphasis>
Pace
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD222E2B6469FFFEFF047FBEB1BC3AE5" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047FBEB1BC3A87" blockId="12.[151,1436,1697,1749]" box="[151,1436,1697,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047FBEB1BC3A87" box="[151,1436,1697,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
5 Gular sutures close but not confluent, clearly separated.......................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFB477FBEB1BC3A87" ID-CoL="8XKML" authority="Assing" authorityName="Assing" authorityYear="2019" box="[1236,1436,1697,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cretotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB477FBEB1BC3A87" bold="true" box="[1236,1436,1697,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB477FBEB1733A87" bold="true" box="[1236,1363,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Cretotyphlus</emphasis>
Assing
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047FA0B1BC3AE5" blockId="12.[151,1436,1697,1749]" box="[151,1436,1727,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047FA0B1BC3AE5" box="[151,1436,1727,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">- Gular sutures confluent in about midlength of head or more anteriorly........................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD222E2B6469FFFEFF047FE6B1BC3B57" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047FE6B1BD3B1C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1785,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047FE6B1BD3B1C" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
6 Gular sutures confluent in about midlenght of head, from confluent point fused in one long straight suture; labrum tridentate; mandible lacking molar tooth.....................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFB177E09B1BD3B1C" ID-CoL="8XPNM" authority="Scheerpeltz" authorityName="Scheerpeltz" authorityYear="1956" box="[1156,1437,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Rhopalotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB177E09B1BD3B1C" bold="true" box="[1156,1437,1814,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB177E09B1003B1C" bold="true" box="[1156,1312,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Rhopalotyphlus</emphasis>
Scheerpeltz
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047E2AB1BC3B57" blockId="12.[151,1437,1785,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047E2AB1BC3B57" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
- Gular sutures confluent in about anterior third of head, from confluent point separated again in two divergent sutures; labrum with one, small median tooth; mandible with well-defined molar tooth...........................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFB417E4EB1BC3B57" ID-CoL="8XJW8" authority="Decu" authorityName="Decu" authorityYear="1982" box="[1234,1436,1873,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Banatotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB417E4EB1BC3B57" bold="true" box="[1234,1436,1873,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB417E4EB1423B57" bold="true" box="[1234,1378,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Banatotyphlus</emphasis>
Decu
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD222E2B6469FFFEFF047E93B1BD3BCA" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047E93B1BD3B8F" blockId="12.[151,1437,1932,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047E93B1BD3B8F" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
7 Aedeagus with median lobe falciform; parameres very short, at most reaching half of length of median lobe; genital armature of females distinct.............................................................
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFBED7EB6B1BD3B8F" bold="true" box="[1150,1437,1961,1983]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFBED7EB6B1223B8F" ID-CoL="8XMRQ" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1959" box="[1150,1282,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Metrotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFBED7EB6B1223B8F" bold="true" box="[1150,1282,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Metrotyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s.str.) Coiffait
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6469FFFEFF047ED8B1BD3BCA" blockId="12.[151,1437,1932,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB6469FFFEFF047ED8B1BD3BCA" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
- Aedeagus with median lobe stout with complicated distal part bearing some apophysis; parameres longer, almost reaching distal part of the median lobe; genital armature of females indistinct..............
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6469FFFEFBA37EFBB1BD3BCA" ID-CoL="8XRWB" authority="Coiffait" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1972" box="[1072,1437,2020,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Metrotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Agnotyphlus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFBA37EFBB1BD3BCA" bold="true" box="[1072,1437,2020,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFBA37EFBB0943BCA" bold="true" box="[1072,1204,2020,2042]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Metrotyphlus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6469FFFEFB517EFBB11F3BCA" bold="true" box="[1218,1343,2020,2042]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Agnotyphlus</emphasis>
) Coiffait
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="803A2031CD7D42D64B48D3FD76D29281">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BD36CF84E76F626F67CFA7FB140CEB99">
<mods:date id="50C1BCF835609254DBF27D76AF371A2E">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="38519C799E4F58FACC13D52BFA76537B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CC1BA67D6CDC33403E191DEAAE3A5AA1">2025-02-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="810BE13E01FFE059B69D80B8EA2BD2D6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B6378BC7A08F94DBC03DF72888B78F13">5594</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E99199F6573B05A724EA139F6AE3A346" type="issue">
<mods:number id="25677650FF14D572D406F30AD07E55A2">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="3CC94D9742E0B120386C929A730CA3AE" unit="page">
<mods:start id="78E1DF8729B5102F51A7AF79C4230C22">61</mods:start>
<mods:end id="ADCC2F30AD9C1FEA3BEE69A46200B3BB">97</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="499874C87D4FD926F2C21E4A8F8DC88B">
<mods:url id="D45E61E82636A1AF023151673F293C7C">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5594.1.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="84A0209A8A4C23C08B13098109E58CFE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FF7174ABB383371376DEB3A33F035316" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5594.1.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="18060E16CCCDD076F7D4811A11EFC45C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="66A86A9146F9EDF27AAA3385CF012280" type="Zenodo-Dep">14954098</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB3F9B85F5EB5EDEFEEF7735E9BC5474" type="ZooBank">F2D6115F-D1E0-470E-8A29-9080AC095DC8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505646AFFFDFF047CDFB71239EB" box="[151,818,1471,1499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0669368E646AFFFDFF047CDFB71239EB" blockId="15.[151,818,1471,1535]" box="[151,818,1471,1499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="5D2181E2646AFFFDFF047CDFB71239EB" bold="true" box="[151,818,1471,1499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" reason="1">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646AFFFDFF047CDFB71239EB" bold="true" box="[151,818,1471,1499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646AFFFDFF047CDFB6E839EA" authority="Hlavac, Janak &amp; Banar" authorityName="Hlavac, Janak &amp; Banar" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,712,1471,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646AFFFDFF047CDFB5B639EB" bold="true" box="[151,406,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Epirotyphlus dusicae</emphasis>
Hlaváč, Janák &amp; Baňař
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E7646AFFFDFD467CDEB71239EB" box="[725,818,1473,1499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505646AFFFDFF047CFBB51E39CF" box="[151,318,1508,1535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="0669368E646AFFFDFF047CFBB51E39CF" blockId="15.[151,818,1471,1535]" box="[151,318,1508,1535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646AFFFDFF047CFBB53739CF" box="[151,279,1508,1535]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25–33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 43–48" captionStart-2="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId-0="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,264,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@19.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." captionText-1="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 49–54. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 49, right antenna, dorsal view; 50, prosternum; 51, meso- and metaventrite; 52, right protarsus, ventral view; 53, forelegs, lateral view; 54, abdominal segments V–VII, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954110" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14954110/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Figs 25–54</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646AFFFDFEB17CFBB51E39CF" box="[290,318,1508,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-19@25.[154,1434,181,1141]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 85. Montenegro, Đurovići, 60 m a.s.l., type locality of Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov. Arrow indicates an oak tree under which most specimens were collected." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954120/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">85</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505646AFFFDFF047F33B11D3BE3" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0669368E646AFFFDFF047F33B11D3BE3" blockId="15.[151,1437,1580,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646AFFFDFF047F33B54E3A76" bold="true" box="[151,366,1580,1606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Material studied.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD3646AFFFDFEEC7F33B1B93A5B" collectingDate="2024-03-23" collectionCode="MMBC" collectorName="P. Banar" country="Montenegro" elevation="60" latitude="42.19889" location="Durovici" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.97889" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="D96D882C646AFFFDFEEC7F33B5CA3A76" box="[383,490,1580,1606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646AFFFDFE6C7F31B6DE3A76" bold="true" box="[511,766,1580,1610]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFE6C7F31B6363A7A" box="[511,534,1582,1610]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E646AFFFDFDBD7F33B6DE3A76" box="[558,766,1580,1606]" name="Montenegro" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MONTENEGRO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
with one label “MONTENEGRO SW013,
<location id="03096055646AFFFDFAB37F33B1A43A76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1:03096055646AFFFDFAB37F33B1A43A76" box="[1312,1412,1580,1606]" country="Montenegro" latitude="42.19889" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.97889" name="Durovici" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Đurovići</location>
/
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFF047F4FB5063A5B" box="[151,294,1616,1643]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="56" value="42.19889">42°11’56’’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFEA27F4FB59C3A5B" box="[305,444,1616,1643]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="44" value="18.97889">18°58’44’’E</geoCoordinate>
/
<quantity id="C12E9B6B646AFFFDFE427F4FB62B3A5B" box="[465,523,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="60.0">
<elevation id="8DFBD1BD646AFFFDFE427F4FB62B3A5B" box="[465,523,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="7268104E646AFFFDFD847F4EB6B73A5B" box="[535,663,1617,1643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2024-03-23">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A6646AFFFDFD847F4EB6B73A5B" box="[535,663,1617,1643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2024-03-23">23.III.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
, soil / washing near oak tree,
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFC717F4EB0603A5B" box="[994,1088,1617,1643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Baňař</collectorName>
lgt” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFAA07F4EB1B13A5B" box="[1331,1425,1617,1643]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD3646AFFFDFF047F6AB0743ABF" box="[151,1108,1652,1679]" collectingDate="2024-03-23" collectionCode="MMBC, JJRC" collectorName="P. Banar" country="Montenegro" elevation="60" latitude="42.19889" location="Durovici" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.97889" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="28" specimenCount-female="14" specimenCount-male="14" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="D96D882C646AFFFDFF047F6AB5283ABF" box="[151,264,1653,1679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFE857F6AB51C3ABF" box="[278,316,1653,1679]" count="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFED87F6AB54F3ABF" box="[331,367,1653,1679]" count="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype: (
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFD0E7F6AB6E23ABF" box="[669,706,1653,1679]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFD417F6AB6D53ABF" box="[722,757,1653,1679]" count="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFCB37F6AB75A3ABF" box="[800,890,1653,1679]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFC1A7F6AB78E3ABF" box="[905,942,1653,1679]" count="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFC2E7F6AB7C03ABF" box="[957,992,1653,1679]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFB9F7F6AB06C3ABF" box="[1036,1100,1653,1679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">JJRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD3646AFFFDFBF17F6AB6833AE7" collectingDate="2023-05-02" collectionCode="BMNH, MMBC, JJRC" collectorName="P. Banar &amp; P. Hlavac" country="Montenegro" elevation="60" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="42.19889" location="Durovici" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.97889" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFBF17F6AB0A63ABF" box="[1122,1158,1653,1679]" count="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFB057F6BB09C3ABF" box="[1174,1212,1652,1679]" count="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
: “MONTENEGRO SW009,
<location id="03096055646AFFFDFF6E7F87B5433A82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1:03096055646AFFFDFF6E7F87B5433A82" box="[253,355,1688,1714]" latitude="42.19889" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.97889" name="Durovici" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Đurovići</location>
,
<date id="7268104E646AFFFDFEE17F86B5F43A83" box="[370,468,1689,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-05-02">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A6646AFFFDFEE17F86B5F43A83" box="[370,468,1689,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-05-02">2.v.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFE707F87B6523A83" box="[483,626,1688,1715]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="56" value="42.19889">42°11‘56‘‘N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFD127F87B72D3A83" box="[641,781,1688,1715]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="44" value="18.97889">18°58‘44‘‘E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B646AFFFDFC8E7F87B77B3A83" box="[797,859,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="60.0">
<elevation id="8DFBD1BD646AFFFDFC8E7F87B77B3A83" box="[797,859,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, soil washing near oak tree,
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFB3D7F86B12F3A83" box="[1198,1295,1689,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Baňař</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFAAA7F87B1BC3A82" box="[1337,1436,1688,1714]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P.Hlaváč</collectorName>
lgt.” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFE1F7FA2B5C23AE7" box="[396,482,1725,1751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">BMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFE657FA2B6703AE7" box="[502,592,1725,1751]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFDC87FA2B6BB3AE7" box="[603,667,1725,1751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">JJRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD3646AFFFDFD3D7FA2B7D93B73" collectingDate="2023-04-30" collectingDateMax="2024-03-21" collectingDateMin="2023-04-30" collectionCode="MMBC" collectorName="P. Banar" country="Montenegro" elevation="675" latitude="42.116943" location="Mikulici" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="19.159721" municipality="Rumija" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFD3D7FA2B6F43AE7" box="[686,724,1725,1751]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
: MONTENEGRO SW002,
<collectingMunicipality id="E60DACF4646AFFFDFB9F7FA3B0413AE6" box="[1036,1121,1724,1750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Rumija</collectingMunicipality>
, road from
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C646AFFFDFB717FA2B12A3AE7" box="[1250,1290,1725,1751]" country="Montenegro" name="Bar" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Bar</collectingRegion>
→
<location id="03096055646AFFFDFAA67FA3B1B83AE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1:03096055646AFFFDFAA67FA3B1B83AE6" box="[1333,1432,1724,1750]" country="Montenegro" latitude="42.116943" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="19.159721" municipality="Rumija" name="Mikulici" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Bar">Mikulići</location>
,
<date id="7268104E646AFFFDFF047FFFB5303ACA" box="[151,272,1760,1786]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-04-30">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A6646AFFFDFF047FFFB5303ACA" box="[151,272,1760,1786]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-04-30">30.iv.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFE887FFEB58B3ACB" box="[283,427,1761,1787]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="01" value="42.116943">42°07‘01‘‘N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFE247FFFB6633ACB" box="[439,579,1760,1787]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="35" value="19.159721">19°09‘35‘‘E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B646AFFFDFDC37FFFB6B93ACB" box="[592,665,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="675.0">
<elevation id="8DFBD1BD646AFFFDFDC37FFFB6B93ACB" box="[592,665,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="675.0">675 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, soil washing near oak tree,
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFC4A7FFEB0163ACB" box="[985,1078,1761,1787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Baňař</collectorName>
lgt.” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFAA07FFEB1B13ACB" box="[1331,1425,1761,1787]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
).
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFF047E1BB49C3B2F" box="[151,188,1796,1823]" count="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
: MONTENEGRO SW010, Rumija, road from
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C646AFFFDFD717E1AB72A3B2F" box="[738,778,1797,1823]" country="Montenegro" name="Bar" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Bar</collectingRegion>
→ Mikulići,
<date id="7268104E646AFFFDFC3E7E1BB0093B2E" box="[941,1065,1796,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2024-03-21">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A6646AFFFDFC3E7E1BB0093B2E" box="[941,1065,1796,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2024-03-21">21.iii.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFBAB7E1AB0E83B2F" box="[1080,1224,1797,1823]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="01" value="42.116943">42°07‘01‘‘N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFB447E1BB1433B2F" box="[1239,1379,1796,1823]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="35" value="19.159721">19°09‘35‘‘E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B646AFFFDFAE17E1BB48F3B73" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.74" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="674.0">
<elevation id="8DFBD1BD646AFFFDFAE17E1BB48F3B73" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.74" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="674.0">674 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, soil washing near
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646AFFFDFE187E36B5D33B73" box="[395,499,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646AFFFDFE187E36B5D33B73" box="[395,499,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Carpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree,
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFDA77E36B6B33B73" box="[564,659,1833,1859]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Baňař</collectorName>
lgt.” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFC007E36B7D13B73" box="[915,1009,1833,1859]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD3646AFFFDFB977E36B5253BBB" collectingDate="2024-03-23" collectionCode="MMBC" collectorName="P. Banar" country="Montenegro" elevation="58" latitude="42.198612" location="Durovici" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.979445" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Bar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFB977E36B00A3B73" box="[1028,1066,1833,1859]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFBA57E36B07B3B73" box="[1078,1115,1833,1859]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, “MONTENEGRO SW014,
<location id="03096055646AFFFDFF047E53B4DB3B56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1:03096055646AFFFDFF047E53B4DB3B56" box="[151,251,1868,1894]" country="Montenegro" latitude="42.198612" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.979445" name="Durovici" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Bar">Đurovići</location>
/
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFE837E53B5BF3B57" box="[272,415,1868,1895]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="55" value="42.198612">42°11‘55‘‘N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFE387E53B6153B57" box="[427,565,1868,1895]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="46" value="18.979445">18°58‘46‘‘E</geoCoordinate>
/
<quantity id="C12E9B6B646AFFFDFDD87E53B6A63B57" box="[587,646,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="58.0">
<elevation id="8DFBD1BD646AFFFDFDD87E53B6A63B57" box="[587,646,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="58.0">58 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="7268104E646AFFFDFD027E52B7323B57" box="[657,786,1869,1895]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2024-03-23">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A6646AFFFDFD027E52B7323B57" box="[657,786,1869,1895]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2024-03-23">23.III.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
, soil / washing close stream,
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFBCA7E52B0963B57" box="[1113,1206,1869,1895]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Baňař</collectorName>
lgt” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFF0C7E6EB4DD3BBB" box="[159,253,1905,1931]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD3646AFFFDFE837E6EB7273B9F" collectingDate="2023-05-02" collectionCode="MMBC" collectorName="P. Banar" country="Montenegro" elevation="70" latitude="42.19917" location="Durovici" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.980278" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFE837E6EB5143BBB" box="[272,308,1905,1931]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFED17E6EB5483BBB" box="[322,360,1905,1931]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
: “MONTENEGRO SW006,
<location id="03096055646AFFFDFD237E6FB7363BBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1:03096055646AFFFDFD237E6FB7363BBA" box="[688,790,1904,1930]" country="Montenegro" latitude="42.19917" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.980278" name="Durovici" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Bar">Đurovići</location>
,
<date id="7268104E646AFFFDFCB17E6EB7A53BBB" box="[802,901,1905,1931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-05-02">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A6646AFFFDFCB17E6EB7A53BBB" box="[802,901,1905,1931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-05-02">2.v.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFC027E6FB0003BBB" box="[913,1056,1904,1931]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="57" value="42.19917">42°11‘57‘‘N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63E25049646AFFFDFBBE7E6FB0993BBB" box="[1069,1209,1904,1931]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="49" value="18.980278">18°58‘49‘‘E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B646AFFFDFB557E6EB1223BBB" box="[1222,1282,1905,1931]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="70.0">
<elevation id="8DFBD1BD646AFFFDFB557E6EB1223BBB" box="[1222,1282,1905,1931]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, soil washing near olive tree,
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFED47E8AB5843B9F" box="[327,420,1941,1967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Baňař</collectorName>
lgt.” [white, printed] (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFD317E8AB7203B9F" box="[674,768,1941,1967]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B6BE3CD3646AFFFDFC817E8AB1193BE3" collectingDate="2023-04-29" collectionCode="MMBC" collectorName="P. Banar &amp; P. Hlavac" country="Montenegro" location="Blizikuce" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Bar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="10D0FD07646AFFFDFC817E8AB7183B9F" box="[786,824,1941,1967]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
: MONTENEGRO SW007, near
<location id="03096055646AFFFDFB397E8BB1383B9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E7F8798646AFFE6FF047CDFB5D83EC1:03096055646AFFFDFB397E8BB1383B9E" box="[1194,1304,1940,1966]" country="Montenegro" name="Blizikuce" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Bar">Blizikuće</location>
, near petrol station,
<date id="7268104E646AFFFDFF637EA7B5493BE2" box="[240,361,1976,2002]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-04-29">
<collectingDate id="622CE9A6646AFFFDFF637EA7B5493BE2" box="[240,361,1976,2002]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" value="2023-04-29">29.iv.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, soil washing near
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646AFFFDFDAC7EA6B68D3BE2" box="[575,685,1977,2002]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646AFFFDFDAC7EA6B68D3BE2" box="[575,685,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree,
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFD7F7EA6B76A3BE3" box="[748,842,1977,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Baňař</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="AB235358646AFFFDFCFE7EA6B7F73BE2" box="[877,983,1976,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">P. Hlaváč</collectorName>
lgt. [white, printed]” (
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B646AFFFDFB407EA6B1113BE3" box="[1235,1329,1977,2003]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="15" pageNumber="76">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="52A966066475FFE2FF047F48B58C3AEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" startId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" targetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0669368E6475FFE2FF047F48B58C3AEB" blockId="16.[151,1437,1623,1755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6475FFE2FF047F48B56E3A5F" bold="true" box="[151,334,1623,1647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">FIGURES 25–33</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6475FFE2FEC87F48B6113A5F" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[347,561,1623,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6475FFE2FEC87F48B6113A5F" box="[347,561,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Epirotyphlus dusicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6475FFE2FDAB7F48B6A93A5F" bold="true" box="[568,649,1623,1647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76475FFE2FDAB7F48B6A93A5F" box="[568,649,1623,1647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056475FFE3FF547E3AB02A3BC6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0669368E6475FFE3FF547E3AB75D3D71" blockId="16.[151,1437,1829,2036]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6475FFE2FF547E3AB5623B0F" bold="true" box="[199,322,1829,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Head longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FDCD7E3AB6933B0F" box="[606,691,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), longer than pronotum; maxillary palpi with palpomeres 2 and 3 dilated, 3 larger than 2 (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FE307E56B5D63B53" box="[419,502,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FD917E56B6023B54" box="[514,546,1865,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">45</figureCitation>
); ligula indistinct (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FD667E56B7693B53" box="[757,841,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
); mandibles falciform (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FBDC7E56B0843B54" box="[1103,1188,1865,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
); labrum dentate (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FAFC7E56B4973BB7" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
); gular suture confluent anteriorly in about midlength of head capsule (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FC587E72B03D3BB7" box="[971,1053,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Antennae with 11 antennomeres, antennal club composed of 5 antennomeres, with sensorial appendages which are inserted on lower part and oriented towards upper part of antennomere, antennomeres 3–10 strongly transverse (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FC627EAAB0683BFF" box="[1009,1096,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Figs 32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FBC07EAAB0533BFF" box="[1107,1139,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 49, right antenna, dorsal view; 50, prosternum; 51, meso- and metaventrite; 52, right protarsus, ventral view; 53, forelegs, lateral view; 54, abdominal segments V–VII, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954110/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">49</figureCitation>
). Elytra tetragonal, dilated posteriad (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6475FFE2FE837EC6B5473BC3" box="[272,359,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="77">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
), shorter than pronotum. Procoxal cavities (Figs 34, 50) rounded on anterior margin, lacking excision, prosternum and proepisternum fused.Abdominal sternites lacking deep, transversal sulcus, visible sternite 2–5 with shallow basal impression (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6474FFE3FDBF79A4B6A43CE5" box="[556,644,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Figs 27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6474FFE3FD0379A4B6903CE5" box="[656,688,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">46</figureCitation>
). Tarsal formula 3-3-3, tarsomere 1 minuscule, 2 slightly longer, 3 longest, clearly longer than 1 and 2 combined (Figs 38–40, 52). Aedeagus elongate, slender and nearly symmetrical (Fig. 41, 42); lacking parameres, lateral protrusions of median lobe long (Fig. 42d,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6474FFE3FBC1781CB0803D2C" box="[1106,1184,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">arrows</emphasis>
). Terminal abdominal segments of female (Fig. 37) with one paired longitudinal sclerite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6474FFE3FF047E6EB02A3BC6" blockId="17.[151,1436,1905,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6474FFE3FF047E6EB56E3BBA" bold="true" box="[151,334,1905,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">FIGURES 34–42</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6474FFE3FECF7E6DB6123BBA" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[348,562,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6474FFE3FECF7E6DB6123BBA" box="[348,562,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Epirotyphlus dusicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6474FFE3FDAA7E6DB6AA3BBA" bold="true" box="[569,650,1906,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76474FFE3FDAA7E6DB6AA3BBA" box="[569,650,1906,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 35, 41a, 42a,
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6474FFE3FCB77E6DB7A03BBA" box="[804,896,1906,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 36, 40b, 41b–c, 42b–d, male
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6474FFE3FB267E6DB1393BBA" box="[1205,1305,1906,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
; 34, 37–40a, female
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6474FFE3FF727E89B5653B9E" box="[225,325,1942,1966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
; 34, prosternum; 35–36, male sternite VIII; 37, termimal abdominal segment, female, ventral view; 38, protibia and protarsus, lateral view; 39, mesotibia and mesotarsus, lateral view; 40, metatibia and metatarsus, lateral view; 41, aedeagus, lateral view; 42, aedeagus, ventral view. Scales: 0,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6474FFE3FD047EC1B6F33BC5" box="[663,723,2014,2038]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
: 34; 35–36; 37; 38–40; 41–42.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056477FFE6FF547989B0B63DE1" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="0669368E6477FFE0FF547989B5B53CE5" blockId="18.[151,1436,150,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FF547989B5713C80" bold="true" box="[199,337,150,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Description</emphasis>
. Body (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FE3F7988B60D3C81" box="[428,557,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FDAA7988B6A03C81" box="[569,640,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">46, 48</figureCitation>
) depigmented, most part of surface shagreened (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FB307988B1043C81" box="[1187,1316,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Figs 43, 47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FAA27989B1703C81" box="[1329,1360,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 49, right antenna, dorsal view; 50, prosternum; 51, meso- and metaventrite; 52, right protarsus, ventral view; 53, forelegs, lateral view; 54, abdominal segments V–VII, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954110/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">54</figureCitation>
), body length about
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6477FFE0FEBA79A5B5B03CE5" box="[297,400,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.95">0.95 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6477FFE0FF5479C0B7AC3D55" blockId="18.[151,1436,150,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FEFE79C0B5E03CC9" box="[365,448,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FE5E79C0B5CA3CC9" box="[461,490,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">43</figureCitation>
) wider than long, about 1.2 times as wide as long, shorter than pronotum; maxillary palpi (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FF71781CB5193D2D" box="[226,313,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FEDA781DB5463D2D" box="[329,358,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">45</figureCitation>
) with palpomeres 2 and 3 dilated, 3 larger than 2; ligula indistinct (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FB18781CB0C13D2D" box="[1163,1249,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FB62781CB1313D2D" box="[1265,1297,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">44</figureCitation>
); mandibles falciform (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FE837838B5463D71" box="[272,358,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
); labrum dentate (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FDA67838B6AA3D71" box="[565,650,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
); gular suture confluent anteriorly behind midlength of head capsule, after meeting point again separated to two divergent arms (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6477FFE0FCB87854B75F3D55" box="[811,895,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="52A966066477FFE0FF047E46B5B73BED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" startId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" targetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0669368E6477FFE0FF047E46B5B73BED" blockId="18.[151,1437,1881,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FF047E46B5703B41" bold="true" box="[151,336,1881,1905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">FIGURES 43–48</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6477FFE0FEF37E46B6183B41" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[352,568,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FEF37E46B6183B41" box="[352,568,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Epirotyphlus dusicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FDD17E46B6B53B41" bold="true" box="[578,661,1881,1905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76477FFE0FDD17E46B6B53B41" box="[578,661,1881,1905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FB7D7E62B1203BA5" box="[1262,1280,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">el</emphasis>
, elytra;
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FACF7E61B1B63BA5" box="[1372,1430,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">mspst</emphasis>
, mesoepisternum;
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FED87EBDB55E3B89" box="[331,382,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">mscx</emphasis>
, mesocoxa;
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FE6D7EBDB60E3B89" box="[510,558,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">mtcx</emphasis>
, metacoxa;
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FD387EBDB6F73B89" box="[683,727,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">mtvt</emphasis>
, metaventrite;
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FCE37EBDB7B33B89" box="[880,915,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">pcx</emphasis>
, procoxa;
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FB937EBDB0373B89" box="[1024,1047,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">pr</emphasis>
, pronotum;
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6477FFE0FB067EBEB09B3B88" box="[1173,1211,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="79">SIII</emphasis>
, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="52A966066476FFE1FF047F6DB14E3A9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954110/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="80" startId="19.[151,264,1650,1674]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0669368E6476FFE1FF047F6DB14E3A9E" blockId="19.[151,1436,1650,1710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6476FFE1FF047F6DB56D3ABA" bold="true" box="[151,333,1650,1674]" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">FIGURES 49–54</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6476FFE1FECA7F6DB60E3ABA" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[345,558,1650,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6476FFE1FECA7F6DB60E3ABA" box="[345,558,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">Epirotyphlus dusicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6476FFE1FDA77F6DB6A53ABA" bold="true" box="[564,645,1650,1674]" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76476FFE1FDA77F6DB6A53ABA" box="[564,645,1650,1674]" pageId="19" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratypes, females; 49, right antenna, dorsal view; 50, prosternum; 51, meso- and metaventrite; 52, right protarsus, ventral view; 53, forelegs, lateral view; 54, abdominal segments V–VII, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0669368E6476FFE1FF547E1FB5103BB7" blockId="19.[151,1436,1792,2035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">
Antennae (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6476FFE1FED27E1FB5B23B2A" box="[321,402,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6476FFE1FE0D7E1FB59B3B2A" box="[414,443,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 49, right antenna, dorsal view; 50, prosternum; 51, meso- and metaventrite; 52, right protarsus, ventral view; 53, forelegs, lateral view; 54, abdominal segments V–VII, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954110/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">49</figureCitation>
) with 11 antennomeres, scape bulbous, larger than pedicel, pedicel dilated distad, distally truncate, antennomeres 3–10 strongly transverse, antennomere 5 larger than 4 and 6, antennal club composed of 5 antennomeres, with sensorial appendages which are inserted on lower part and oriented towards upper part of antennomere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6476FFE1FF547E8EB75F3B9A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1792,2035]" box="[199,895,1936,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6476FFE1FED67E8FB5B73B9A" box="[325,407,1936,1962]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6476FFE1FE307E8FB5E03B9A" box="[419,448,1936,1962]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">43</figureCitation>
) wider than long, convergent posteriad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6476FFE1FF547EABB59F3BC2" blockId="19.[151,1436,1792,2035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">
Elytra (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6476FFE1FE8F7EABB54F3BFE" box="[284,367,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6476FFE1FEEF7EABB5BA3BFE" box="[380,410,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">47</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6476FFE1FE357EABB59A3BFE" box="[422,442,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="80">el</emphasis>
) tetragonal, dilated posteriad, shorter than pronotum, external posterior angles rounded, internal ones right-angled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547988B58C3CC9" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Venter, procoxal cavities (Fig. 34, 50) rounded on anterior margin, anterior margin with inconspicuous excision (50,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF5879A4B52E3CE4" box="[203,270,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">arrow</emphasis>
), lacking suture separating proepisternum from prosternum, lateral portions of prosternum shagreened, medium portion smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF54781CB5A23D71" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Abdominal sternites (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FE2F781CB6293D2D" box="[444,521,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig 27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FD84781CB67F3D2D" box="[535,607,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-119@18.[151,1435,417,1858]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov., paratypes, females; 43, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 44, labium and labial palpi; 45, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, pterothorax, lateral view (el, elytra; mspst, mesoepisternum; mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa; mtvt, metaventrite; pcx, procoxa; pr, pronotum; SIII, first visible sternite); 48, habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">46, 48</figureCitation>
) lacking deep, transversal sulcus, visible sternite 2–6 with shallow basal impression (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FEB27838B5563D71" box="[289,374,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–33" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,193,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[201,1385,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 25–33. Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov.: 25, 33, holotype; 26–32, paratypes females; 25, habitus of male; 26, habitus of female; 27, abdomen of female, lateral view; 28, head, dorsal view: 29, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 30, head, dorsal view, labrum; 31, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 32, antenna; 33, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 25–26; 0.1 mm: 27; 28, 33; 29–31; 32." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954104/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547854B6C23DB9" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Legs (Figs 38–40, 52, 53) short, all tibiae dilated distad, tarsal formula 3-3-3, tarsomere about half of length of 3, tarsomere 2 shortest, about 3 times shorter than 1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF54788CB14B3D9D" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" box="[199,1387,403,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Aedeagus (Figs 41, 42) about
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long, median lobe with long lateral protrusions (Fig. 42d,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FA9F788CB17A3D9C" box="[1292,1370,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">arrows</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF5478A8B0B63DE1" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" box="[199,1174,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Terminal abdominal segments of female (Fig. 37) with one paired longitudinal sclerite.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056471FFE6FF5478C4B0243EFD" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF5478C4B6333E29" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF5478C4B5683DC5" bold="true" box="[199,328,475,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after our friend Dušica Šoljaga, owner of a beautiful house which is a base of our expeditions to the coastal part of
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6471FFE6FE1078E0B6303E29" box="[387,528,511,537]" name="Montenegro" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547B3CB0243EFD" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF547B3CB5AF3E0C" bold="true" box="[199,399,546,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Natural History.</emphasis>
The majority of specimens (
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6471FFE6FD777B3CB7683E0D" box="[740,840,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076471FFE6FC157B3CB03A3E0D" box="[902,1050,547,573]" count="27" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">27 paratypes</specimenCount>
) of newly described species was collected by the soil washing of a sample taken near and around a solitary oak (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FC627B58B0603E51" box="[1009,1088,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-19@25.[154,1434,181,1141]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 85. Montenegro, Đurovići, 60 m a.s.l., type locality of Epirotyphlus dusicae sp. nov. Arrow indicates an oak tree under which most specimens were collected." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954120/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
) on the border of terrace garden together with
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6471FFE6FEA17B74B6EC3EB5" authority="(Reitter, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Reitter" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[306,716,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Brachyceridae" genus="Ubychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FEA17B74B6013EB5" box="[306,545,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Ubychia ganglbaueri</emphasis>
(Reitter, 1912)
</taxonomicName>
and an undesribed species of
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6471FFE6FB887B74B0893EB5" authorityName="Muller, P. W. J. &amp; Kunze" authorityYear="1822" box="[1051,1193,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cephennium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FB887B74B0893EB5" box="[1051,1193,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Cephennium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6471FFE6FB4D7B74B15F3EB5" authorityName="Ganglbauer" authorityYear="1896" box="[1246,1407,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Tychobythinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FB4D7B74B15F3EB5" box="[1246,1407,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Tychobythinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<date id="7268104E6471FFE6FF047B90B5293E99" box="[151,265,655,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" value="2023-05">May 2023</date>
and
<date id="7268104E6471FFE6FEAD7B90B5E93E99" box="[318,457,655,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" value="2024-03">March 2024</date>
. Several specimens were collected in Rumija Mts. in about
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a.s.l. and
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076471FFE6FA867B90B1BC3E99" box="[1301,1436,655,681]" count="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
also in coastal Mediterranean forest under junipers tree near Blizikuće village.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056471FFE6FF547BC9B5D83EC1" box="[199,504,726,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547BC9B5D83EC1" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,753]" box="[199,504,726,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF547BC9B5793EC0" bold="true" box="[199,345,726,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6471FFE6FEF47BC8B5D43EC1" box="[359,500,727,753]" name="Montenegro" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

109
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<mods:title id="DC762C9578F7C03777BCABDA23FA6CA1">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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Leptotyphlini
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F646EFFF9FED17D9EB5F838AB" author="Fauvel, A." box="[322,472,1153,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" pagination="167 - 340" refId="ref18502" refString="Fauvel, A. (1874) Faune Gallo-Rhenane. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, Series 2, 8, 167-340." type="journal article" year="1874">Fauvel, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646EFFF9FF047DD6B52A38D3" bold="true" box="[151,266,1225,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Maxillary palpomere 2 strongly dilated, much more developed than palpomere 3; tarsi with 2 or 3 tarsomeres; prosternal coxal cavities rounded on anterior margin, lacking excision; lacking suture separating proepisternum from prosternum; all visible tergites with well-defined paratergites; all visible abdominal sternites lacking deep basal transverse sulcus.
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646EFFF9FF547C46B5143943" bold="true" box="[199,308,1369,1395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Remarks</emphasis>
. The richest tribe of the subfamily. It holds 10 genera and 264 valid species names. The large majority of species is in the Mediterranean region. Out of this region, there are three species in the
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E646EFFF9FB1D7C62B4C4398B" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
, one in
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, one in
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E646EFFF9FD957CBEB653398B" box="[518,627,1441,1467]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C646EFFF9FD107CBEB72C398B" box="[643,780,1441,1467]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">West Papua</collectingRegion>
) and one,
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646EFFF9FC157CBEB127398B" authority="Sustek, 2000" authorityName="Sustek" authorityYear="2000" box="[902,1287,1441,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Leptotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kovaci">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646EFFF9FC157CBEB049398B" box="[902,1129,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Leptotyphlus kovaci</emphasis>
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, in
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. Only one genus,
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D646EFFF9FEC67CDAB5C139EF" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1957" box="[341,481,1477,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Kenotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C646EFFF9FEC67CDAB5C139EF" box="[341,481,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Kenotyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(distribution on
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B646EFFF9FD0F7CDAB6CD39EF" box="[668,749,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURES 90–91" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,448,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-65@30.[165,1422,448,1839]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 90–91. Map of the distribution of Leptotyphlinae of the Balkan Peninsula. 90. The tribe Entomoculiini–genera Cyrtotyphlus and Romanotyphlus. 91. The tribe Leptotyphlini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954132/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
) is present in the Balkan Peninsula.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF047A5DB55E3F6D" bold="true" box="[151,382,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Epirotyphlus janae</emphasis>
Hlaváč, Janák &amp; Baňař
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–76, 86–87
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<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF047AB1B5423FF8" bold="true" box="[151,354,942,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Material studied.</emphasis>
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/ soil washing,
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lgt. / hornbeam forest“ [white, printed] (
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,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076471FFE6FAB77ACCB17B3FDD" box="[1316,1371,979,1005]" count="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
same data as for holotype (
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076471FFE6FE157AE8B58A3821" box="[390,426,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076471FFE6FE257AE8B5CE3821" box="[438,494,1015,1041]" count="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6471FFE6FD817AE8B6703821" box="[530,592,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">JJRC</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="10D0FD076471FFE6FDC87AE8B65E3821" box="[603,638,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
in
<collectionCode id="60C7AE4B6471FFE6FD317AE8B6DE3821" box="[674,766,1015,1041]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056471FFE6FF547D05B6E23965" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547D05B6E23965" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF547D05B51A3804" bold="true" box="[199,314,1050,1076]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Gular sutures confluent anteriorly slightly behind midlength of head capsule (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FB047D04B0C83805" box="[1175,1256,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
); antennae long, antennomeres 3–10 transverse; antennomeres 5 larger than 4 and 6; antennal club composed from five antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FF0C7D7CB501384D" box="[159,289,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Figs 62–63</figureCitation>
), incrassate, last four antennomeres setose, with sensorial appendages which are inserted on lower part and oriented towards upper part of antennomere (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FD2E7D98B7303891" box="[701,784,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
); procoxal cavities rounded on anterior margin, with small excision on lateral part (Fig. 65,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FD9B7DB4B66B38F4" box="[520,587,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">arrow</emphasis>
); tergites 1–5 (IV–VIII) and visible sternites 2–4 (IV–VI) (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FB7B7DB4B11A38F5" box="[1256,1338,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
) lacking basal impression (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FEF57DD0B59C38D9" box="[358,444,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
); tarsal formula 3-3-3 (Figs 71–73); aedeagus elongate, about 3 times as long as wide; distal, ventral part of median lobe with deep excision, lateral arms truncate; lacking parameres, lateral protrusions of median lobe short (Figs 74, 75). Terminal abdominal segments of female (Fig. 76) with one paired longitudinal sclerite and large asymmetric structure in middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056471FFE4FF547C41B68D3BA2" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547C41B0183949" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" box="[199,1080,1374,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FF547C41B5713948" bold="true" box="[199,337,1374,1400]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Description</emphasis>
. Body (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FE387C40B60B3949" box="[427,555,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Figs 55, 56</figureCitation>
) about
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6471FFE6FDEC7C40B6F53949" box="[639,725,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
long, completely depigmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547C9CB7453A39" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FEFA7C9CB59939AD" box="[361,441,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
) about 1.2 wider than long; about as wide and as long as pronotum; head capsule separated from neck region by occipital constriction, neck region retracted into pronotum; gular sutures (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FB5C7CB8B10239F1" box="[1231,1314,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
) confluent anteriorly slightly behind midlength of head capsule; maxillary palpi (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FC217CD4B02539D5" box="[946,1029,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
) with palpomere 2 dilated, about as wide as 3 and about half of length of 3; palpomere 4 very small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547F0CB7753A8D" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Antennae (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FED27F0CB59F3A1D" box="[321,447,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Figs 62, 63</figureCitation>
) long, scape about 1.45 times as long as pedicel, about 1.2 times as long as wide; pedicel as long as wide, 3.5 times as long as antennomere 3; antennomeres 3–10 transverse; antennomeres 5 larger than 4 and 6; antennal club composed from five antennomeres, incrassate, 10 slightly wider than long, elliptical, terminal antennomere subspherical. Last four antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FD757F60B7183AA9" box="[742,824,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
) setose, with sensorial appendages which are inserted on lower part and oriented towards upper part of antennomere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547FD8B0AC3B35" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FED47FD8B5BA3AD1" box="[327,410,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
) about 1.1 times as wide as long, widest in anterior third, after that convergent posteriad; anterior angles widely rounded; posterior angles sharper; about 1.1 times as long as elytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547E10B6BD3B7D" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Venter, prosternum (Fig. 65) fused with proepisternum, procoxal cavities rounded on anterior margin, with small excision (Fig. 65,
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6471FFE6FE357E2CB5C93B7C" box="[422,489,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">arrow</emphasis>
) on lateral part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE6FF547E48B78F3B41" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" box="[199,943,1879,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Elytra (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FE887E48B54C3B41" box="[283,364,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
) about as long as wide, widest on posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6471FFE7FF547E64B6FC3CE4" blockId="20.[151,1437,942,2013]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,426]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">
Abdomen long, considerably longer than length of head capsule, pronotum and elytra combined. Visible tergites 1–5 (IV–VIII) and visible sternites 2–4 (IV–VI) (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6471FFE6FD507E80B7353B89" box="[707,789,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-140@21.[172,1415,446,1889]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="81">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
) lacking basal impression. Visible sternite 6 (IX) of male (Figs 67, 68) symmetric, visible sternite 7 (IX) in male (Fig. 70) with small setae; sparsely setose in posterior half, visible tergite 7 (X) with median posterior excision which is prolonged with wide, deep impression (Fig. 69). Visible tergite 5 (VIII) (Fig. 66) 1.25 times as long as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6470FFE7FF5479C1B5BE3D2B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,426]" pageId="21" pageNumber="82">Legs (Figs 71–73) short, all tibia distally dilated, tarsal formula 3-3-3; first tarsomere longer than 2, 3 longer than 1 and 2 combined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6470FFE7FF54783BB16F3D99" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,426]" pageId="21" pageNumber="82">
Aedeagus (Figs 74, 75) about
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6470FFE7FDB7783AB6AA3D0F" box="[548,650,293,319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
long, elongate, about 3 times as long as wide; distal, ventral part of median lobe with deep excision, lateral arms truncate; basal part less than half of length of median lobe; with elongate, long, internal apophysis; lacking parameres, lateral protrusions of median lobe short. Terminal abdominal segments of female (Fig. 76) with one paired longitudinal sclerite and large asymmetric structure in middle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52A966066470FFE7FF047E68B60C3BCB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954112/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="82" startId="21.[151,264,1911,1935]" targetBox="[185,1402,454,1879]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0669368E6470FFE7FF047E68B60C3BCB" blockId="21.[151,1437,1911,2043]" pageId="21" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6470FFE7FF047E68B56D3BBF" bold="true" box="[151,333,1911,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="82">FIGURES 55–64</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6470FFE7FECA7E68B6393BBF" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[345,537,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6470FFE7FECA7E68B6393BBF" box="[345,537,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="82">Epirotyphlus janae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6470FFE7FDB37E68B6503BBF" bold="true" box="[544,624,1911,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76470FFE7FDB37E68B6503BBF" box="[544,624,1911,1935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 55, 58–59, 64, holotype; 56–57, 60–63, paratypes females; 55, habitus of male; 56, habitus of female; 57, abdomen of female, lateral view; 58, head, dorsal view: 59, head, dorsal view, labrum; 60, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 62, antenna; 63, antennal club; 64, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 55–56; 0.1 mm: 57; 58, 64; 59; 60–61; 62; 0.02 mm: 63.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0669368E6473FFE4FF047FDAB68D3BA2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1733,1938]" pageId="22" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6473FFE4FF047FDAB56D3AED" bold="true" box="[151,333,1733,1757]" pageId="22" pageNumber="83">FIGURES 65–76</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6473FFE4FEC97FD9B63B3AED" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[346,539,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6473FFE4FEC97FD9B63B3AED" box="[346,539,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="83">Epirotyphlus janae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6473FFE4FDB17FD9B6523AEE" bold="true" box="[546,626,1734,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76473FFE4FDB17FD9B6523AEE" box="[546,626,1734,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 66–67, 69–70, 74a, 75a,
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6473FFE4FCEF7FD9B7F83AEE" box="[892,984,1734,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 68, 74b, 75b,
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6473FFE4FBFD7FD9B0E53AEE" box="[1134,1221,1734,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="83" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male; 65, 71–73, 76,
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6473FFE4FF047FF5B4D83B32" box="[151,248,1770,1794]" pageId="22" pageNumber="83" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
females; 65, prosternum; 66, male tergite VIII; 67–68, male sternite VIII; 69, terminal abdominal segment, male, dorsal view; 70, terminal abdominal segment, male, ventral view; 71, protibia and protarsus, lateral view; 72, mesotibia and mesotarsus, lateral view; 73a, metatibia and metatarsus, lateral view; 73b, metatarsus, ventral view; 74a, aedeagus, lateral view; 74b, aedeagus, ventro-lateral view; 75, aedeagus, ventral view; 76, terminal abdominal segment, female, ventral view. Scales: 0,
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6473FFE4FF3E7E65B4C83BA1" box="[173,232,1914,1938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
: 65; 66; 67–70; 74–75; 76;
<quantity id="C12E9B6B6473FFE4FD937E65B67D3BA1" box="[512,605,1914,1938]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
: 71–73.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="52A966066472FFE5FF047F49B0BE3AA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954116/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" startId="23.[151,264,1622,1646]" targetBox="[164,1423,181,1598]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0669368E6472FFE5FF047F49B0BE3AA2" blockId="23.[151,1436,1622,1683]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FF047F49B56E3A5E" bold="true" box="[151,334,1622,1646]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">FIGURES 77–82</emphasis>
. Soil washing method used for collecting of
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6472FFE5FC847F49B7CD3A5E" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[791,1005,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FC847F49B7CD3A5E" box="[791,1005,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Epirotyphlus dusicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FC677F48B0643A5F" bold="true" box="[1012,1092,1623,1647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F9157E76472FFE5FC677F48B0643A5F" box="[1012,1092,1623,1647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 77, excavated soil; 78, watering; 79, stirring; 80, collecting of floating particles; 81, packing in newspaper; 82, packing in textile cloth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056472FFE5FF547FFAB6A13B13" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0669368E6472FFE5FF547FFAB6A13B13" blockId="23.[151,1437,1765,2007]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FF547FFAB5683ACF" bold="true" box="[199,328,1765,1791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Etymology</emphasis>
. Patronymic, named after Jana Janáková, the wife of the second author to thank her for being a companion on trips to the Balkan countries.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056472FFE5FF547E32B1573B82" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0669368E6472FFE5FF547E32B0BF3B5B" blockId="23.[151,1437,1765,2007]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FF547E32B51B3B77" bold="true" box="[199,315,1837,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6472FFE5FED17E32B5BE3B76" authorityName="Hlaváč &amp; Janák &amp; Baňař" authorityYear="2025" box="[322,414,1837,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Epirotyphlus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janae">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FED17E32B5BE3B76" box="[322,414,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">E. janae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the same
<typeStatus id="D96D882C6472FFE5FDA97E32B64A3B77" box="[570,618,1837,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
of the aedeagus as
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D6472FFE5FCD17E32B79A3B76" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1984" box="[834,954,1837,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Egeotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zecevici">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FCD17E32B79A3B76" box="[834,954,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">E. zecevici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but it differs from latter mainly by apically narrowed lateral projections and truncate lateral arms of median lobe (Pace 1984,
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6472FFE5FBBE7E4EB0B33B5B" box="[1069,1171,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,391,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[192,1395,378,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Allotyphlus stolensis sp. nov.: 1, 4, 7–8, holotype; 3, paratype male; 2, 5–6, paratypes females; 1, habitus of male; 2, habitus of female; 3, abdomen, lateral view; 4, head, dorsal view: 5, head, ventral view, mouthparts; 6, head, ventral view, gular sutures; 7, antenna; 8, pronotum and elytra, dorsal view. Scales: 0,5 mm: 1–2; 3; 0.1 mm: 4, 8; 5–6; 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954100/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E6472FFE5FF547E6AB1573B82" blockId="23.[151,1437,1765,2007]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FF547E6AB5AC3BBE" bold="true" box="[199,396,1908,1935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Natural History.</emphasis>
All specimens were collected by soil-washing on a south-facing slope above the road at the edge of a deciduous forest (hornbeam, hazel, maple, oak). Volume of sample was about 100 liters (
<figureCitation id="9EED2A0B6472FFE5FB7B7E86B14B3B82" box="[1256,1387,1944,1971]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–87" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,229,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-30@26.[154,1434,229,1857]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 86–87. Serbia, Majdan Kučajna, 230 m a.s.l., type locality of Epirotyphlus janae sp. nov.; 86, overall view of the locality; 87, detail of one of places where the samples were taken." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954124/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Figs 86–87</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC65056472FFE5FF547EA3B5973BE7" box="[199,439,1980,2007]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0669368E6472FFE5FF547EA3B5973BE7" blockId="23.[151,1437,1765,2007]" box="[199,439,1980,2007]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C6472FFE5FF547EA3B5793BE6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1980,2006]" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E6472FFE5FEF47EA2B5923BE7" box="[359,434,1981,2007]" name="Serbia" pageId="23" pageNumber="84">Serbia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="0A3B5418CE865545C66128168875B8EA">Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XXVIII. Synopsis of the subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the Balkan Peninsula, with the description of three new species from Serbia and Montenegro</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A6BDB94CFACEFCEF4D7842BD06C068C1">Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1, Brno, CZ- 613 00, Czech Republic.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="0669368E647AFFEDFF047DAAB5FB38FF" blockId="31.[151,475,1205,1231]" box="[151,475,1205,1231]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<heading id="5D2181E2647AFFEDFF047DAAB5FB38FF" bold="true" box="[151,475,1205,1231]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D647AFFEDFF047DAAB5FB38FF" ID-CoL="8VR98" authority="Coiffait, 1963" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,475,1205,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Neotyphlini">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFF047DAAB5FB38FF" bold="true" box="[151,475,1205,1231]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
Neotyphlini
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F647AFFEDFEA27DAAB5FB38FF" author="Coiffait, H." box="[305,475,1205,1231]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref17946" refString="Coiffait, H. (1963) Les Leptotyphlitae (Col. Staphylinidae) du Chili; systematique et biogeographie de la sous-famille. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. 2. Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 371-383." type="book chapter" year="1963">Coiffait, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="4ECC6505647AFFEDFF047DE2B5DA39B3" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0669368E647AFFEDFF047DE2B5DA39B3" blockId="31.[151,1437,1277,1699]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFF047DE2B52A3927" bold="true" box="[151,266,1277,1303]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Maxillary palpi with palpomeres 2 and 3 strongly, equally dilated; ligula on anterior margin with two widely well-separated projections; mandibles lacking premolar tooth; coxal cavities with lateral excision on anterior margin which is prolonged by suture separating prosternum from proepisternum; all visible abdominal sternite lacking deep transversal sulcus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505647AFFEDFF547C92B64B3A93" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0669368E647AFFEDFF547C92B64B3A93" blockId="31.[151,1437,1277,1699]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFF547C92B5143997" bold="true" box="[199,308,1421,1447]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Remarks</emphasis>
. The most widespread tribe of the family with 20 genera and 51 valid species names which is considered to be the most primitive leptotyphlines (
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F647AFFEDFD717CAEB7A939FB" author="Smetana, A." box="[738,905,1457,1483]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" pagination="171 - 187" refId="ref19923" refString="Smetana, A. (1986) Chionotyphlus alaskensis n. g., n. sp., a Tertiary relict from unglaciated interior Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 3 (2), 171-187." type="journal article" year="1986">Smetana 1986</bibRefCitation>
). The tribe is richest in taxa in the New World with 16 genera and 42 species, where
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E647AFFEDFDD57CCAB6A339DF" box="[582,643,1493,1519]" name="Chile" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Chile</collectingCountry>
with 5 genera and 23 species and
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C647AFFEDFB947CCAB05939DF" box="[1031,1145,1493,1519]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">California</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E647AFFEDFB1B7CCAB0E339DF" box="[1160,1219,1493,1519]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">USA</collectingCountry>
) with 7 genera and 12 species are the richest known regions. One genus with two species is known from
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E647AFFEDFBDC7CE6B0FE3A23" box="[1103,1246,1529,1555]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and three genera and seven species from Europe.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D647AFFEDFE6D7F02B6B33A07" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1999" box="[510,659,1565,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Kladotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFE6D7F02B6B33A07" box="[510,659,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Kladotyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D647AFFEDFD5A7F02B77A3A07" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1959" box="[713,858,1565,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megatyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFD5A7F02B77A3A07" box="[713,858,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Megatyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are present in the Balkan Peninsula.
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D647AFFEDFB677F02B1BC3A07" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1976" box="[1268,1436,1565,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Apheliotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFB677F02B1BC3A07" box="[1268,1436,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Apheliotyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is monospecific genus known in
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E647AFFEDFD947F5EB61A3A6B" box="[519,570,1601,1627]" name="Italy" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="C412F86C647AFFEDFDDB7F5EB7193A6B" box="[584,825,1601,1627]" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
) and because of the vicinity of this region to
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E647AFFEDFAA07F5EB1B83A6B" box="[1331,1432,1601,1627]" name="Slovenia" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
, the presence of the genus in
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E647AFFEDFE407F7AB6153A4F" box="[467,565,1637,1663]" name="Slovenia" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
can be plausible. All three European genera can be separated by the following key (
<bibRefCitation id="62474B7F647AFFEDFF5D7F96B5673A93" author="Pace, R." box="[206,327,1673,1699]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref19544" refString="Pace, R. (1999) Descrizione di Kladotyphlus kahleni gen. n., sp. n. di Leptotyphlinae della Slovenia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Acta Entomologica Slovenica, 7, 77-83." type="journal article" year="1999">Pace 1999</bibRefCitation>
, translated and modified).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ECC6505647AFFEDFF047FD1B1BD3BA4" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" type="key">
<key id="724761BF647AFFEDFF047FD1B1BD3BA4" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<keyStep id="BD222E2B647AFFEDFF047FD1B1BC3B2E" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<paragraph id="0669368E647AFFEDFF047FD1B1BC3AD3" blockId="31.[151,1437,1742,1823]" box="[151,1436,1742,1764]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB647AFFEDFF047FD1B1BC3AD3" box="[151,1436,1742,1764]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">1 All tarsi with 2 tarsommeres; labrum on anterior margin more or less rectilinear, aedeagus with parameres.............. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E647AFFEDFF047FF3B1BC3B2E" blockId="31.[151,1437,1742,1823]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB647AFFEDFF047FF3B1BC3B2E" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
- All tarsi with 3 tarsommeres; labrum with anterior margin with deep median excision forming long, lateral, divergent branches; aedeagus lacking parameres..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D647AFFEDFB777E17B1BC3B2E" ID-CoL="8XM5W" authority="Pace" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1999" box="[1252,1436,1800,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Kladotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFB777E17B1BC3B2E" bold="true" box="[1252,1436,1800,1822]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFB777E17B1473B2E" bold="true" box="[1252,1383,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Kladotyphlus</emphasis>
Pace
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="BD222E2B647AFFEDFF047E5BB1BD3BA4" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<paragraph id="0669368E647AFFEDFF047E5BB1BC3B46" blockId="31.[151,1437,1859,1940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB647AFFEDFF047E5BB1BC3B46" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
2 Head capsule lacking sulcus in shape of V; aedeagus short, parameres strongly curved, with two distal setae,
<collectingCountry id="7EC1761E647AFFEDFAB17E5CB16E3B69" box="[1314,1358,1859,1881]" name="Italy" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Italy</collectingCountry>
(FriuliVenezia Giulia)......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D647AFFEDFB427E7FB1BC3B46" ID-CoL="8XJNH" authority="Pace" authorityName="Pace" authorityYear="1976" box="[1233,1436,1888,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Apheliotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFB427E7FB1BC3B46" bold="true" box="[1233,1436,1888,1910]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFB427E7FB1463B46" bold="true" box="[1233,1382,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Apheliotyphlus</emphasis>
Pace
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0669368E647AFFEDFF047E60B1BD3BA4" blockId="31.[151,1437,1859,1940]" box="[151,1437,1918,1940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<keyLead id="BD2795BB647AFFEDFF047E60B1BD3BA4" box="[151,1437,1918,1940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
- Head capsule with sulcus in shape of V; aedeagus very long, parameres rectilinear, with one distal seta
<taxonomicName id="C1D64D0D647AFFEDFB5B7E61B1BD3BA4" ID-CoL="8XMNN" authority="Coiffait" authorityName="Coiffait" authorityYear="1959" box="[1224,1437,1918,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megatyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFB5B7E61B1BD3BA4" bold="true" box="[1224,1437,1918,1940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="34A2EA9C647AFFEDFB5B7E61B1683BA4" bold="true" box="[1224,1352,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="92">Megatyphlus</emphasis>
Coiffait
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="1426CFAF89EC4AF71A733D564A0737B1">Two new species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae) from a karst cave in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCBE11B68C24AFE38B7E135F746E5F91">Feng, Xueli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FF51B03B3CA913363B3F72558307E2C">Xiao, Jie</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="2007D933CD34E92CFF1D4B7FE4DFA910" blockId="3.[151,652,355,419]" box="[151,652,355,382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
<heading id="7B4F6E5FCD34E92CFF1D4B7FE4DFA910" bold="true" box="[151,652,355,382]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" reason="1">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFF1D4B7FE4DFA910" bold="true" box="[151,652,355,382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD34E92CFF1D4B7FE474A910" authorityName="Feng &amp; Xiao &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,551,355,382]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tachycines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gymnaeta">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFF1D4B7FE74EA910" bold="true" box="[151,285,355,382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Tachycines</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFEA44B78E7F9A910" bold="true" box="[302,426,356,382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Gymnaeta</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFE314B78E474A910" bold="true" box="[443,551,356,382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="09FFB85ACD34E92CFDA44B78E4DFA910" box="[558,652,356,382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="68A28AB8CD34E92AFF1D4B94E210A9BF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" type="description">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD34E92CFF1D4B94E741A9CD" blockId="3.[151,652,355,419]" box="[151,274,392,419]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
(
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD34E92CFF154B94E75AA9CD" box="[159,265,392,419]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,894,918]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,656,1909]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1424,179,854]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,1007,1578]" captionTargetId-0="figure-147@3.[151,1436,656,1918]" captionTargetId-1="figure-33@4.[151,1437,179,867]" captionTargetId-2="figure-67@4.[151,1436,1007,1578]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (male). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. vertex of head, showing conical tubercles; E. pronotum, dorsal view; F. hind tarsus, lateral view; G. genitalia, ventral view; H. genitalia, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (female). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. ovipositor, lateral view; E. subgenital plate, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. A. The entrance of Lianhua Cave. B. The skylight of Lianhua Cave." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954292" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954294" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14954292/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14954294/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2007D933CD34E92CFF1D4BCCE6BDAA14" blockId="3.[151,1436,464,634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFF1D4BCCE77AA984" bold="true" box="[151,297,464,490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Description.</emphasis>
Male. Body medium size (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD34E92CFDDF4BCCE488A984" box="[597,731,464,490]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-147@3.[151,1436,656,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (male). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. vertex of head, showing conical tubercles; E. pronotum, dorsal view; F. hind tarsus, lateral view; G. genitalia, ventral view; H. genitalia, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Figs. 3A–C</figureCitation>
). Vertex of head divided into two conical tubercles, bases of the well-developed tubercles drawn together, obtusely rounded apices separated (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD34E92CFB894BE8E20DAA60" box="[1027,1118,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-147@3.[151,1436,656,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (male). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. vertex of head, showing conical tubercles; E. pronotum, dorsal view; F. hind tarsus, lateral view; G. genitalia, ventral view; H. genitalia, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Eyes normal, not reduced; ocelli distinct (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD34E92CFEB54804E7CAAA5C" box="[319,409,536,562]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-147@3.[151,1436,656,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (male). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. vertex of head, showing conical tubercles; E. pronotum, dorsal view; F. hind tarsus, lateral view; G. genitalia, ventral view; H. genitalia, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Anterior margin of pronotum straight, posterior margin protruding caudad, ventral margin arc-shaped (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD34E92CFE954820E726AA38" box="[287,373,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-147@3.[151,1436,656,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (male). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. vertex of head, showing conical tubercles; E. pronotum, dorsal view; F. hind tarsus, lateral view; G. genitalia, ventral view; H. genitalia, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); posterior margin of mesonotum protruding caudad; posterior margin of metanotum protruding caudad.
</paragraph>
<caption id="74C789BBCD34E92CFF1D4D8BE471AF96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" startId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[151,1436,656,1909]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD34E92CFF1D4D8BE471AF96" blockId="3.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFF1D4D8BE746AFC1" bold="true" box="[151,277,1943,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD34E92CFE944D84E421AFC1" authorityName="Feng &amp; Xiao &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2025" box="[286,626,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tachycines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gymnaeta">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFE944D84E7DDAFDE" box="[286,398,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Tachycines</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFE154D84E454AFC1" box="[415,519,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Gymnaeta</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFD934D84E421AFC1" box="[537,626,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFDF04D84E49EAFDE" bold="true" box="[634,717,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="09FFB85ACD34E92CFDF04D84E49EAFDE" box="[634,717,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(male).
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFCA24D8BE512AFC1" bold="true" box="[808,833,1943,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">A.</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFBA14D84E211AFDE" bold="true" box="[1067,1090,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">B.</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFAA14D8BE317AFC1" bold="true" box="[1323,1348,1943,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">C.</emphasis>
habitus, ventral view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFEA94DA0E768AFBA" bold="true" box="[291,315,1980,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">D.</emphasis>
vertex of head, showing conical tubercles;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFD7E4DA0E556AFBA" bold="true" box="[756,773,1980,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">E</emphasis>
. pronotum, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFB8E4DA0E244AFBA" bold="true" box="[1028,1047,1980,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">F.</emphasis>
hind tarsus, lateral view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFA944DA7E361AFBD" bold="true" box="[1310,1330,1979,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">G</emphasis>
. genitalia, ventral view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD34E92CFEA84DFCE765AF96" bold="true" box="[290,310,2016,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">H</emphasis>
. genitalia, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="74C789BBCD33E92BFF1D4962E5D5ABD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" startId="4.[151,250,894,918]" targetBox="[151,1424,179,854]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD33E92BFF1D4962E5D5ABD4" blockId="4.[151,1436,894,954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFF1D4962E747ABF8" bold="true" box="[151,276,894,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD33E92BFE964962E43EABF8" authorityName="Feng &amp; Xiao &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2025" box="[284,621,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tachycines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gymnaeta">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFE964962E7DFABF8" box="[284,396,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Tachycines</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFE164962E457ABFB" box="[412,516,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Gymnaeta</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFD9E4963E43EABF8" box="[532,621,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFDFE4962E495ABF8" bold="true" box="[628,710,894,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="09FFB85ACD33E92BFDFE4962E495ABF8" box="[628,710,894,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(female).
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFCB84962E518ABF8" bold="true" box="[818,843,894,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">A.</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFBBB4962E21BABF8" bold="true" box="[1073,1096,894,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">B.</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFAA64962E316ABF8" bold="true" box="[1324,1349,894,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">C.</emphasis>
habitus, ventral view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFEA849BEE768ABD4" bold="true" box="[290,315,930,954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">D.</emphasis>
ovipositor, lateral view;
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFDB249BEE41CABD4" bold="true" box="[568,591,930,954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">E.</emphasis>
subgenital plate, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="74C789BBCD33E92BFF1D4C5EE599AE35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954294" box="[151,970,1602,1627]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954294/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" startId="4.[151,250,1602,1626]" targetBox="[151,1436,1007,1578]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD33E92BFF1D4C5EE599AE35" blockId="4.[151,970,1602,1627]" box="[151,970,1602,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFF1D4C5EE762AE34" bold="true" box="[151,305,1602,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">FIGURE 5. A.</emphasis>
The entrance of Lianhua Cave.
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD33E92BFDFC4C5FE4DEAE35" bold="true" box="[630,653,1603,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">B.</emphasis>
The skylight of Lianhua Cave.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2007D933CD33E92BFF4D4CBCE24CAF97" blockId="4.[151,1437,1695,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">
Legs long and slender. Coxae with small medial projections. Fore femur about 1.8 times longer than the pronotum, ventrally unarmed, internal genicular lobe with 1 small spine, external genicular lobe with 1 long spine; fore tibia ventrally with 1 inner spine and 2 outer spines, apex with 1 small outer spine on dorsal surface and 1 pair of long spines on ventral surface, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Middle femur ventrally unarmed, internal and external genicular lobes with 1 long spine respectively; middle tibiae ventrally with 1 inner spine and 1 outer spine, apex with 1 pair of dorsal spines and 1 pair of ventral spines, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Hind femur ventrally unarmed; hind tibia dorsally with 67–76 inner spines and 73–76 outer spines, arrange in groups, ventral and dorsal surface with a pair of small subapical spines respectively, apex with 1 pair of long dorsal spines and 1 pair of long ventral spines; the longest dorso-apical spine not exceeding the dorso-apical spine of hind metatarsus (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD33E92BFDC34DC3E4CDAF97" box="[585,670,2015,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-147@3.[151,1436,656,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (male). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. vertex of head, showing conical tubercles; E. pronotum, dorsal view; F. hind tarsus, lateral view; G. genitalia, ventral view; H. genitalia, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Hind metatarsus keeled beneath.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D4A8BE28DA897" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
Abdominal sternites with short ventral projections. Epiphallus of male genitalia like the shape of “H”, the upper and lower end notched; median lobe of genitalia with 1 pair of apical lobules, divided by a deep notch; paired lateral sclerites rather large; dorsal and ventral pairs of lateral lobes almost equal in length (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD32E92AFBC04AC3E281A897" box="[1098,1234,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-147@3.[151,1436,656,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (male). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. vertex of head, showing conical tubercles; E. pronotum, dorsal view; F. hind tarsus, lateral view; G. genitalia, ventral view; H. genitalia, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954290/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Figs. 3G, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D4B1FE694A9E7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
Female. General appearance like that of male (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD32E92AFD414B1FE502A973" box="[715,849,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,179,854]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[151,1437,179,867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (female). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. ovipositor, lateral view; E. subgenital plate, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954292/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Figs. 4A–C</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor shorter than the half of hind femur; base of ovipositor broad, narrowing to apex; apex pointed and slightly curved upwards; almost indistinct denticles on ventral edge of distal part of inferior valves (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD32E92AFD1E4B57E4A3A90B" box="[660,752,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,179,854]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[151,1437,179,867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (female). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. ovipositor, lateral view; E. subgenital plate, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954292/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate with median lobe rounded triangular (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD32E92AFAE54B57E6E8A9E7" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,179,854]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[151,1437,179,867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) montana sp. nov. (female). A. habitus, lateral view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, ventral view; D. ovipositor, lateral view; E. subgenital plate, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954292/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D4B8EE210A9BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF4D4B8EE71CA9C2" bold="true" box="[199,335,402,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body brown, mottled with dark brown blotches. The two conical tubercles of vertex black. Face with 2 light brown longitudinal stripes under eyes. Legs with brown annular stripes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68A28AB8CD32E92AFF4D4BC6E2FFAA77" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D4BC6E2FFAA77" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF4D4BC6E7E3A99A" bold="true" box="[199,432,474,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="90D0D36ECD32E92AFE3F4BC7E4C0AA77" collectingDate="2024-09-07" collectorName="Jie Xiao &amp; Zhengxue Zhao &amp; Xueli Feng." county="Puding County" location="Anshun City" municipality="Lianhua Cave" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="FF036791CD32E92AFE3F4BC7E471A99B" box="[437,546,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFDA14BC7E403A99B" box="[555,592,475,501]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C0634349CD32E92AFDD14BC7E4AAA99B" box="[603,761,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Lianhua Cave</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="C966A1BFCD32E92AFC894BC7E5FEA99B" box="[771,941,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Puding County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="25678FE8CD32E92AFC3F4BC7E210A99B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8116825CD34E92AFF1D4B7FE34AABCB:25678FE8CD32E92AFC3F4BC7E210A99B" box="[949,1091,475,501]" county="Puding County" municipality="Lianhua Cave" name="Anshun City" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" stateProvince="Guizhou">Anshun City</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="E27C17D1CD32E92AFBC74BC7E34AA99B" box="[1101,1305,475,501]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="5406FFF3CD32E92AFAAE4BC7E3C4A99B" box="[1316,1431,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2024-09-07">
<collectingDate id="4442061BCD32E92AFAAE4BC7E3C4A99B" box="[1316,1431,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" value="2024-09-07">7.IX.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="8D4DBCE5CD32E92AFF454BE3E77DAA77" box="[207,302,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Jie Xiao</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="8D4DBCE5CD32E92AFEB04BE3E7B8AA77" box="[314,491,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Zhengxue Zhao</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="8D4DBCE5CD32E92AFD844BE3E4C0AA77" box="[526,659,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Xueli Feng.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="90D0D36ECD32E92AFD134BE3E2FAAA77" box="[665,1193,510,537]" collectingDate="2024-09-07" collectorName="Jie Xiao &amp; Zhengxue Zhao &amp; Xueli Feng." county="Puding County" location="Anshun City" municipality="Lianhua Cave" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="12" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="FF036791CD32E92AFD134BE3E559AA77" box="[665,778,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFC9F4BE2E56AAA77" box="[789,825,510,537]" count="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFCCC4BE3E52AAA77" box="[838,889,511,537]" count="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="female">12♀</specimenCount>
, same data as the holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68A28AB8CD32E92AFF4D483FE354AA0F" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="description">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D483FE354AA0F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF4D483FE795AA52" bold="true" box="[199,454,546,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
Body:
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFD90483FE47EAA53" box="[538,557,547,573]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
12.06–16.12,
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFD43483EE484AA53" box="[713,727,546,573]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
13.50–14.28; pronotum:
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFC7F483EE25BAA53" box="[1013,1032,546,573]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
5.00–5.60,
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFB03483EE2C4AA53" box="[1161,1175,546,573]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
5.42–5.62; fore femur:
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFF1D485AE6F9AA0F" box="[151,170,582,609]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
11.44–12.75,
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFECF485BE700AA0F" box="[325,339,583,609]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
10.80–12.46; hind femur:
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFDF5485BE4C1AA0F" box="[639,658,583,609]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
22.00–22.27,
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFCA4485BE568AA0F" box="[814,827,583,609]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
23.00–24.10; ovipositor:
<specimenCount id="36BE12BACD32E92AFBD4485BE23FAA0F" box="[1118,1132,583,609]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
10.00–10.08.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68A28AB8CD32E92AFF4D4876E47FAAEB" box="[199,556,618,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D4876E47FAAEB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,556,618,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF4D4876E732AAEA" bold="true" box="[199,353,618,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="58AF99A3CD32E92AFEED4877E7F9AAEB" box="[359,426,619,645]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="E27C17D1CD32E92AFE334877E473AAEB" box="[441,544,619,645]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68A28AB8CD32E92AFF4D4892E4DEABEF" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D4892E4DEABEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF4D4892E71FAAC6" bold="true" box="[199,332,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD32E92AFEDF4893E459AAC6" authorityName="Feng &amp; Xiao &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2025" box="[341,522,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tachycines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gymnaeta">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFEDF4893E739AAC6" box="[341,362,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFEF14893E7C5AAC7" box="[379,406,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">G.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFE224893E459AAC6" box="[424,522,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFD994893E43DAAC7" bold="true" box="[531,622,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="09FFB85ACD32E92AFD994893E43DAAC7" box="[531,622,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and species
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFC8A4893E545AAC6" box="[768,790,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFCAD4893E511AAC7" box="[807,834,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">G.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD32E92AFCDE4893E5BAAAC7" authorityName="Feng &amp; Xiao &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2025" box="[852,1001,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lianhuaensis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFCDE4893E5BAAAC7" box="[852,1001,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Lianhuaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="09FFB85ACD32E92AFC784893E21EAAC7" box="[1010,1101,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were collected from Lianhua Cave (
<figureCitation id="B883C5B6CD32E92AFF6848AFE738AAA3" box="[226,363,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1007,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-67@4.[151,1436,1007,1578]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. The entrance of Lianhua Cave. B. The skylight of Lianhua Cave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954294/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Figs. 5A, B</figureCitation>
), but the two new species are distributed in different spatial niches, with
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<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFB3148AFE283AAA2" box="[1211,1232,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
living in the cave entrance and
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFDA048CBE46CAA9E" box="[554,575,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFDC448CBE43AAA9F" box="[590,617,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">G.</emphasis>
)
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<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFDF348CBE55DAA9F" box="[633,782,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Lianhuaensis</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
living in dark places in a deep cave. While
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFAD948CBE33AAA9E" box="[1363,1385,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFAF248CBE3C0AA9F" box="[1400,1427,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">G.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD32E92AFF1D48E7E77FAB7B" authorityName="Feng &amp; Xiao &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,300,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lianhuaensis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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</emphasis>
showing apparent troglomorphic features, is a clear cave-adapted species, the morphology of
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<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF3C4903E69FAB56" box="[182,204,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF564903E6A4AB57" box="[220,247,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">G.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFE834903E738AB56" box="[265,363,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">montana</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="09FFB85ACD32E92AFEF84903E79EAB57" box="[370,461,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
does not show significant degradation. A similar situation was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="4429A4C2CD32E92AFAA94903E6B1AB33" author="Feng, X. L. &amp; Huang, S. H. &amp; Luo, C. Q." pageId="5" pageNumber="400" pagination="447 - 450" refId="ref3239" refString="Feng, X. L., Huang, S. H. &amp; Luo, C. Q. (2020) A new cave species of the genus Gymnaetoides (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae: Aemodogryllini) from Guizhou, China. Zootaxa, 4885 (3), 447-450. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.8" type="journal article" year="2020">
Feng
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFAE94903E3C6AB57" box="[1379,1429,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
for the
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD32E92AFEC9495FE451AB33" authority="Cave" authorityName="Cave" box="[323,514,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tachycines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shuangcha">Shuangcha Cave</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="E27C17D1CD32E92AFDA6495FE4DCAB33" box="[556,655,835,861]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
, where
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD32E92AFD66495FE5EFAB33" box="[748,956,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tachycines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shuangcha" subGenus="Gymnaeta">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFD66495FE552AB32" box="[748,769,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFC9E495FE57CAB33" box="[788,815,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">G.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFCC9495FE5EFAB33" box="[835,956,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">shuangcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives together with the less cave adapted species
<taxonomicName id="E7B8A2B0CD32E92AFF65497BE4DAABEF" authority="(Feng et al., 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Feng" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[239,649,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Tachycines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tongrenus" subGenus="Gymnaeta">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF65497BE757ABEE" box="[239,260,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">T.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFE9E497BE77CABEF" box="[276,303,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">G.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFEB5497BE7FDABEE" box="[319,430,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">tongrenus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4429A4C2CD32E92AFE37497BE4D2ABEF" author="Feng, X. L. &amp; Huang, S. H. &amp; Luo, C. Q." box="[445,641,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" pagination="447 - 450" refId="ref3239" refString="Feng, X. L., Huang, S. H. &amp; Luo, C. Q. (2020) A new cave species of the genus Gymnaetoides (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae: Aemodogryllini) from Guizhou, China. Zootaxa, 4885 (3), 447-450. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.8" type="journal article" year="2020">
Feng
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFE74497BE465ABEF" box="[510,566,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68A28AB8CD32E92AFF4D4997E34AABCB" box="[199,1305,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2007D933CD32E92AFF4D4997E34AABCB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1305,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="12CC0521CD32E92AFF4D4997E71DABCB" bold="true" box="[199,334,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="400">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet pertains to the fact that this species inhabits mountainous regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="453B68BFD4254C82BFF1490633806B17">A New Species of Triaenodes (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), based on morphological and molecular data, from Kaeng Khoi Waterfall, Chumphon Province, southern Thailand</mods:title>
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Nannaphat and Malicky
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(
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFF4C51239B41FB98" box="[159,296,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs 1A–1E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06C4655FFFD7FF8CFF44515B9935FB44" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD7FF8CFF44515B9E6CFB0C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD7FF8CFF44515B9B2FFBD1" bold="true" box="[151,326,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FEB63C89FFD7FF8CFE9D515B9E6CFB0C" collectingDate="2023-12-23" collectionCode="KMITL" collectorName="Nannaphat Suwannarat" country="Thailand" elevation="150" latitude="10.684722" location="Kaeng Khoi Waterfall" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.27862" municipality="Pathio District" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chumphon" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="91658876FFD7FF8CFE9D515B9BD0FBD0" box="[334,441,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="58D8FD5DFFD7FF8CFE16515B9BB4FBD0" box="[453,477,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="36C97644FFD7FF8CFE3A515B9826FBD0" box="[489,591,1123,1149]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8C1AF836FFD7FF8CFD8F515B992FFBD0" box="[604,838,1123,1149]" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Chumphon Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="AE05ACAEFFD7FF8CFC80515B9990FBD0" box="[851,1017,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Pathio District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="4B01600FFFD7FF8CFBD6515B9F68FBD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67787C2FFD7FF8AFF4456CE9E26FBBC:4B01600FFFD7FF8CFBD6515B9F68FBD0" box="[1029,1281,1123,1149]" country="Thailand" latitude="10.684722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.27862" municipality="Pathio District" name="Kaeng Khoi Waterfall" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="Chumphon">Kaeng Khoi Waterfall</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2BEA5013FFD7FF8CFADF515A9FF1FBD0" box="[1292,1432,1122,1149]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" precision="15" seconds="05" value="10.684722">10°41’05”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2BEA5013FFD7FF8CFF4451BF9B49FB0C" box="[151,288,1159,1185]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" precision="15" seconds="43" value="99.27862">99°16’43”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="C5F3D1E7FFD7FF8CFEF851BE9BC6FB0C" box="[299,431,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="150.0">
<quantity id="89269B31FFD7FF8CFEF851BE9B1BFB0C" box="[299,370,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="3A601014FFD7FF8CFE6851BF9825FB0C" box="[443,588,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2023-12-23">
<collectingDate id="2A24E9FCFFD7FF8CFE6851BF9825FB0C" box="[443,588,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2023-12-23">23. xii. 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="E32B5302FFD7FF8CFD5451BF99E2FB0C" box="[647,907,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Nannaphat Suwannarat</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="28CFAE11FFD7FF8CFC4951BF9990FB0C" box="[922,1017,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">KMITL</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD7FF8CFF145193991FFB68" blockId="2.[151,1437,1122,2013]" box="[199,886,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
<materialsCitation id="FEB63C89FFD7FF8CFF145193991BFB68" box="[199,882,1195,1221]" collectingDate="2023-12-23" collectionCode="KMITL" collectorName="Nannaphat Suwannarat" country="Thailand" elevation="150" latitude="10.684722" location="Kaeng Khoi Waterfall" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.27862" municipality="Pathio District" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Chumphon" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="91658876FFD7FF8CFF1451939B51FB68" box="[199,312,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="58D8FD5DFFD7FF8CFE9051939BEBFB68" box="[323,386,1195,1221]" count="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="male">7 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="58D8FD5DFFD7FF8CFE6B51939B91FB68" box="[440,504,1195,1221]" count="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="28CFAE11FFD7FF8CFCD851939903FB68" box="[779,874,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">KMITL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD7FF8CFF1451F79935FB44" blockId="2.[151,1437,1122,2013]" box="[199,860,1231,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
<materialsCitation id="FEB63C89FFD7FF8CFF1451F79931FB44" box="[199,856,1231,1257]" collectingDate="2023-12-23" collectionCode="CHM" collectorName="Nannaphat Suwannarat" country="Thailand" elevation="150" latitude="10.684722" location="Kaeng Khoi Waterfall" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.27862" municipality="Pathio District" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Chumphon" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="91658876FFD7FF8CFF1451F79B51FB44" box="[199,312,1231,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="58D8FD5DFFD7FF8CFE9151F79BE8FB44" box="[322,385,1231,1257]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="58D8FD5DFFD7FF8CFE6451F79B9EFB44" box="[439,503,1231,1257]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="28CFAE11FFD7FF8CFCD951F79939FB44" box="[778,848,1231,1257]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9mwg-xj5n" name="Charleston Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">CHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06C4655FFFD7FF8CFF1451CB9B17FA9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD7FF8CFF1451CB9B17FA9C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD7FF8CFF1451CB9B27FAA0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named for Mr. Kamronwit Thipmanee, He is an executive vice president for the
<collectingRegion id="8C1AF836FFD7FF8CFF44502F9B7AFA9C" box="[151,275,1303,1329]" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Chumphon</collectingRegion>
Campus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06C4655FFFD7FF8AFF1450029805FE24" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD7FF8CFF1450029B4AFA30" blockId="2.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD7FF8CFF1450029B30FAF9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1338,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Description.</emphasis>
Head, thorax, and legs yellow brownish. Body light yellowish brown. Forewings yellowish brown. Length of each male forewing
<quantity id="89269B31FFD7FF8CFE2550679816FAD4" box="[502,639,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.8 mm</quantity>
(N = 8), of
<typeStatus id="91658876FFD7FF8CFCD850679904FAD4" box="[779,877,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male forewing (4.8), of female forewing 3.0–
<quantity id="89269B31FFD7FF8CFAAA50679AAAFA30" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
(N = 6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD7FF8CFF14509F9F11F870" blockId="2.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD7FF8CFF14509F9870FA6D" bold="true" box="[199,537,1446,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFEAD509E9863FA6D" box="[382,522,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs 1A–1E</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Segment IX dorsal region in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFC3E509F9E2BFA6C" box="[1005,1090,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) relatively short longitudinally and slightly convex anteriorly and with pair of short, bare papillae posteriorly; in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFB0850F39F5DFA48" box="[1243,1332,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
, Seg IX) ventrolateral region five times as long as dorsal region and semicircular anteriorly, slightly concave posteriorly; in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFEE4532B9BE6F980" box="[311,399,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
, Seg IX) subquadrate with shallow concavity anteriorly. Preanal appendages (Pre) slender with numerous setae, half as long as lower processes of segment X (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFC7A530F9E51F9FC" box="[937,1080,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
). Upper part of segment X (up X) bilobed apically and setose, originating between pair of apicodorsal papillae of segment IX and pair of preanal appendages (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFEF953479BD1F934" box="[298,440,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
). Lower part of segment X divided into pair of very long, sword-like processes slender and straight and parallel for most of their length in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFCA0539B99A4F910" box="[883,973,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), tall in basal 1/3 and slender and downcurved in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFE4453FF9B84F94C" box="[407,493,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
, lo X). Inferior appendages in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFC0053FF9E40F94C" box="[979,1065,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
, Inf) without recurved processes; each with dorsal branch divided into subtriangular apicodorsal lobe and two slender apical processes, upper process curved upward and bifid, lower process downcurved, slender with pointed apex; main body of each appendage with short slender apicolateral process with long apical setae, apicomesal process short and triangular, apicoventral process stout with pointed apex directed caudad (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFD69526F9979F8DC" box="[698,784,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFC08526F9E58F8DC" box="[987,1073,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
, Inf), main body of each inferior appendage somewhat long-triangular and covered with numerous setae, with short acute process at mid-length on mesal margin. Phallus slender, basal 3/5 laterally compressed and apical 2/5 spoon-like in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFAE452A79FE4F814" box="[1335,1421,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), with dark subapical phallotremal sclerite torch-like in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFC5A52FB9988F870" box="[905,993,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
), V-shaped in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD7FF8CFAC752FB9F00F870" box="[1300,1385,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1AA1665CFFD6FF8DFF4453D698CFF817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" startId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" targetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD6FF8DFF4453D698CFF817" blockId="3.[151,1436,1774,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD6FF8DFF4453D69B55F8AB" bold="true" box="[151,316,1774,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD6FF8DFE9753D69848F8AB" authorityName="Laudee &amp; Malicky &amp; Takenaka &amp; Sawangarrom &amp; Suwannarat" authorityYear="2025" box="[324,545,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipmaneei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD6FF8DFE9753D69848F8AB" box="[324,545,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Triaenodes tipmaneei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD6FF8DFDFA53D69812F8AB" bold="true" box="[553,635,1774,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="679957BDFFD6FF8DFDFA53D69812F8AB" box="[553,635,1774,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD6FF8DFCC2520E99DBF8E3" box="[785,946,1846,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD6FF8DFCC2520E99EBF8E3" box="[785,898,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Triaenodes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD6FF8DFF6652629861F8DF" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[181,520,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Achoropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodecimpunctata">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD6FF8DFF6652629861F8DF" box="[181,520,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD1FF8AFF1455AF9805FE24" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFF1455AF9847FF1D" bold="true" box="[199,558,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFE4D55AE9848FF1D" box="[414,545,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Segment IX (Seg IX) fused with setose preanal appendages and with pair of small papillae (Pap) apicodorsally in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFD0655839959FF78" box="[725,816,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFC2855839E3DFF78" box="[1019,1108,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, Seg IX), papillae somewhat oval and thumb-like. Preanal appendages setose, in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFCBE55E799AFFF54" box="[877,966,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) triangular, more nearly circular in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFF0E543B9B5EFEB0" box="[221,311,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFDD1543B9832FEB0" box="[514,603,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), scale-like and moderately large. Segment X in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFADD543B9F0FFEB0" box="[1294,1382,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, Seg X) short, fused with preanal appendages. Lamellae setose, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFC0A541F9E58FEEC" box="[985,1073,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, Lam) subquadrate and beaklike apically, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFE695473987BFEC8" box="[442,530,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
, Lam) pear-like. Gonopod plates in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFB9D54739ECEFEC8" box="[1102,1191,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
, Gon) bird-head-like, concave mesally and acute anteromesally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06C4655FFFD1FF8AFF1454AA9E26FBBC" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD1FF8AFF1454AA9EDBFD04" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFF1454AA9B2BFE01" bold="true" box="[199,322,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFE9454AB9944FE00" authority="Malicky &amp; Prommi 2006" authorityName="Malicky &amp; Prommi" authorityYear="2006" box="[327,813,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFE9454AB987BFE00" box="[327,530,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Triaenodes themis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A4F4B25FFD1FF8AFDC454AB9944FE00" author="Malicky, H. &amp; Prommi, T-o" box="[535,813,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="1591 - 1608" refId="ref4992" refString="Malicky, H. &amp; Prommi, T-o. (2006) Beschreibungen einiger Kocherfliegen aus Sud-Thailand (Trichoptera) (Arbeit Nr. 42 uber thailandische Kocherfliegen). Linzer Bologische Beitrage, 38 (2), 1591-1608." type="journal article" year="2006">Malicky &amp; Prommi 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is the most similar species and lives also on the southern peninsula part of
<collectingCountry id="36C97644FFD1FF8AFEB5548F9BA3FE7C" box="[358,458,439,465]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Thailand</collectingCountry>
where the new species was found. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFBAB548F9F6FFE7D" authorityName="Laudee &amp; Malicky &amp; Takenaka &amp; Sawangarrom &amp; Suwannarat" authorityYear="2025" box="[1144,1286,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipmaneei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFBAB548F9F6FFE7D" box="[1144,1286,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T. tipmaneei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFAC2548F9F06FE7C" bold="true" box="[1297,1391,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="679957BDFFD1FF8AFAC2548F9F06FE7C" box="[1297,1391,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFE1E54E3985AFE58" authorityName="Malicky &amp; Prommi" authorityYear="2006" box="[461,563,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFE1E54E39BB4FE59" box="[461,477,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFE3954E3985AFE58" box="[490,563,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">themis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other species in the genus by the shape of inferior appendages. Inferior appendages of the new species are without recurved processes; the dorsal branch is divided into a dorsal lobe and two apical processes, the upper process curved upward and triangular apicodorsally and bifid apicoventrally, and the lower process slender with pointed apex; main body of the appendage is with short slender apicolateral process, mesal process short and pointed, ventral process stout, pointed apex. Each inferior appendages of
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFB2157539F33FD28" authorityName="Malicky &amp; Prommi" authorityYear="2006" box="[1266,1370,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFB2157539F6BFD29" box="[1266,1282,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFAC257539F33FD28" box="[1297,1370,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">themis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dorsal branch that is not divided apicoventrally and the main body is without a mesal process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD1FF8AFF14578B9F0CFC2C" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
The female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFE05578B98E1FD60" box="[470,648,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFE05578B983BFD60" box="[470,594,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Triaenodes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
found in
<collectingCountry id="36C97644FFD1FF8AFD25578B9933FD60" box="[758,858,691,717]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and southeast Asia are mostly unknown. However,
<bibRefCitation id="2A4F4B25FFD1FF8AFF4457EF9BE7FD5C" author="Yang, L. - F. &amp; Morse, J. C." box="[151,398,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 309" refId="ref6106" refString="Yang, L. - F. &amp; Morse, J. C. (2000) Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) of the People's Republic of China. Memoires of the American Entomological Institute, 55, i - viii + 1-309." type="journal article" year="2000">Yang &amp; Morse (2000)</bibRefCitation>
described females of several species of
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<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFC9C57EF99A2FD5C" box="[847,971,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Triaenodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="36C97644FFD1FF8AFBC357EF9E3AFD5C" box="[1040,1107,727,753]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">China</collectingCountry>
such as those of
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFAC157EF9BEBFCB8" authority="Yang &amp; Morse 2000" authorityName="Yang &amp; Morse" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliformis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFAC157EF9F4BFD5D" box="[1298,1314,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFAFC57EF9FF5FD5C" box="[1327,1436,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">foliformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A4F4B25FFD1FF8AFF4457C39BEBFCB8" author="Yang, L. - F. &amp; Morse, J. C." box="[151,386,763,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 309" refId="ref6106" refString="Yang, L. - F. &amp; Morse, J. C. (2000) Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) of the People's Republic of China. Memoires of the American Entomological Institute, 55, i - viii + 1-309." type="journal article" year="2000">Yang &amp; Morse 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFE5D57C3982BFCB8" authorityName="Yang &amp; Morse" authorityYear="2000" box="[398,578,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinglingensis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFE5D57C39BF7FCB9" box="[398,414,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFE7E57C3982BFCB8" box="[429,578,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">qinglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFD5157C399A4FCB8" authority="McLachlan 1877" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1877" box="[642,973,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unanimis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFD5157C3996CFCB9" box="[642,773,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T. unanimis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A4F4B25FFD1FF8AFCDE57C399A4FCB8" author="McLachlan, R." box="[781,973,763,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="501 - 539" refId="ref5136" refString="McLachlan, R. (1877) A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna. Part 6. John van Voorst, London, pp. 281 - 348, plates 32 - 37. Morse, J. C. (2004) Insecta: Trichoptera. In: Yule, C. M. &amp; Yong, H. S. (Eds.), Freshwater Invertebrates of the Malaysian Region. Academy of Sciences Malaysia, pp. 501-539." type="book chapter" year="1877">McLachlan 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, these can be separated by the shapes of the lamellae.
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFE7756279831FC94" box="[420,600,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFE7756279849FC94" box="[420,544,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Triaenodes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
found from
<collectingCountry id="36C97644FFD1FF8AFD3A56279945FC94" box="[745,812,799,825]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">China</collectingCountry>
have lamellae that are spoon like, but the new species has sack-like lamellae, each with a beak-like apex in lateral view. According to the molecular analysis,
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFAF3567B9B6CFC2D" authorityName="Laudee &amp; Malicky &amp; Takenaka &amp; Sawangarrom &amp; Suwannarat" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipmaneei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFAF3567B9B6CFC2D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Triaenodes tipmaneei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFEDE565F9B0FFC2C" bold="true" box="[269,358,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="679957BDFFD1FF8AFEDE565F9B0FFC2C" box="[269,358,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a close genetic relationship to
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFD3E565F993DFC2C" authorityName="Malicky &amp; Prommi" authorityYear="2006" box="[749,852,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFD3E565F9894FC2D" box="[749,765,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFCD8565F993DFC2C" box="[779,852,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">themis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 8.5 percent difference between these two.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E6136D4FFD1FF8AFF1456B39E26FBBC" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFF1456B39BC6FC09" bold="true" box="[199,431,906,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Molecular analysis.</emphasis>
As shown in
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFD9956B398C0FC08" box="[586,681,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Figure 3</figureCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFD6456B399C0FC09" authorityName="Laudee &amp; Malicky &amp; Takenaka &amp; Sawangarrom &amp; Suwannarat" authorityYear="2025" box="[695,937,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipmaneei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFD6456B399C0FC09" box="[695,937,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Triaenodes tipmaneei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFC6256B39E62FC08" bold="true" box="[945,1035,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="679957BDFFD1FF8AFC6256B39E62FC08" box="[945,1035,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was genetically differentiated from all analyzed species in the same genus. The closest phylogenetic relationship was with
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFB4E56979F6CFC64" authorityName="Malicky &amp; Prommi" authorityYear="2006" box="[1181,1285,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFB4E56979F6CFC64" box="[1181,1285,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T. themis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and genetic differentiation between these two species was also confirmed (
<figureCitation id="D6E52A51FFD1FF8AFC8D56EB99CDFC40" box="[862,932,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,199,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,198,1748]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Triaenodes tipmaneei sp. nov., 1A–1E, male genitalia: 1A, dorsal; 1B, left lateral; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral; 1E, phallus, ventral. 2A–2C, female genitalia: 2A, dorsal; 2B, left lateral; 2C, ventral. 3, Estimated phylogenetic relationships using the neighbor-joining clustering method for Triaenodes spp. based on the mtDNA COI region. The sequence of Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata was included as the outgroup. Gon = gonopod plate (paired), Inf = inferior appendage (paired), Lam = lamella (paired), lo X = lower part of segment X (paired), Pap = papilla (paired), Pre = preanal appendage (paired), Seg IX = segment IX, Seg X = segment X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The genetic distance (
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFB6756EB9EABFC41" box="[1204,1218,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">p</emphasis>
-distance) based on the mtDNA COI region between
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFDD956CF98FFFBBD" authorityName="Laudee &amp; Malicky &amp; Takenaka &amp; Sawangarrom &amp; Suwannarat" authorityYear="2025" box="[522,662,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipmaneei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFDD956CF9873FBBD" box="[522,538,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFDFB56CF98FFFBBD" box="[552,662,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">tipmaneei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFD4E56CF989EFBBC" bold="true" box="[669,759,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="679957BDFFD1FF8AFD4E56CF989EFBBC" box="[669,759,1015,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="89DE4D57FFD1FF8AFCFE56CF99FBFBBC" authorityName="Malicky &amp; Prommi" authorityYear="2006" box="[813,914,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
<emphasis id="7CAAEAC6FFD1FF8AFCFE56CF99FBFBBC" box="[813,914,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">T. themis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was 8.5 percent.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1B96F9C4FD8AF962" blockId="1.[151,549,1663,1725]" box="[151,549,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="1E3C81B8FFA3FFCB1B96F9C4FD8AF962" bold="true" box="[151,549,1663,1690]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1B96F9C4FD8AF962" ID-CoL="378CD" authority="Strand, 1913" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,549,1663,1690]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karschi">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96F9C4FD8AF962" bold="true" box="[151,549,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96F9C4FED1F961" bold="true" box="[151,382,1663,1690]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Dolomedes karschi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1A84F9C4FD8AF962" author="Strand, E." box="[389,549,1663,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="113 - 123" refId="ref5768" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Neue indoaustralische und polynesische Spinnen des Senckenbergischen Museums. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 (A 6), 113-123." type="journal article" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFCB1B96F918FEA8F946" box="[151,263,1699,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="description">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1B96F918FEA8F946" blockId="1.[151,549,1663,1725]" box="[151,263,1699,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA3FFCB1B96F918FEA8F946" box="[151,263,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Figs 3–10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFCB1B96F953FD48F8FB" box="[151,743,1768,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1B96F953FD48F8FB" blockId="1.[151,743,1768,1792]" box="[151,743,1768,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="65DB11FAFFA3FFCB1B96F953FD48F8FB" box="[151,743,1768,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<treatmentCitation id="C46A10C5FFA3FFCB1B96F953FD19F8FB" author="Strand, E." box="[151,694,1768,1792]" page="121" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" year="1913">
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1B96F953FD19F8FB" ID-CoL="378CD" authority="Strand, 1913: 121" authorityName="Strand" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,694,1768,1792]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karschi" subGenus="Tarentuloides">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96F953FE54F8FB" box="[151,507,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Dolomedes (Tarentuloides) karschi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1900F953FD19F8FB" author="Strand, E." box="[513,694,1768,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="113 - 123" refId="ref5768" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Neue indoaustralische und polynesische Spinnen des Senckenbergischen Museums. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 (A 6), 113-123." type="journal article" year="1913">Strand, 1913: 121</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<specimenCount id="53CDFD5DFFA3FFCB19C4F953FD75F8FB" box="[709,730,1768,1792]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFCB1B96F895FEE3F897" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1B96F895FEE3F897" blockId="1.[151,1436,1837,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96F895FEE9F8BC" bold="true" box="[151,326,1837,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="F5A33C89FFA3FFCB1A4FF895FEE3F897" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="G. Worms" country="Sri Lanka" location="SRI LANKA" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" specimenCode="SMF4847-137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="9A708876FFA3FFCB1A4FF895FE19F8B3" box="[334,438,1838,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="53CDFD5DFFA3FFCB1ABFF895FE7CF8B3" box="[446,467,1838,1864]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="156D9EAFFFA3FFCB1AE2F895FD24F8B3" box="[483,651,1838,1864]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">SMF4847-137</specimenCode>
),
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB19A1F896FC4AF8BC" bold="true" box="[672,997,1837,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
CEYLON (=
<collectingCountry id="3DDC7644FFA3FFCB1839F896FC77F8BC" box="[824,984,1837,1863]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
),
</emphasis>
1874, leg.
<collectorName id="E83E5302FFA3FFCB1F67F895FB74F8B3" box="[1126,1243,1838,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">G. Worms</collectorName>
, examined based on photographs.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFC81BC6F8CEFB5CFE72" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1BC6F8CEFA33F823" blockId="1.[151,1436,1837,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1BC6F8CEFEEDF874" bold="true" box="[199,322,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1AB6F8CCFD82F86B" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[439,557,1910,1936]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karschi">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1AB6F8CCFE64F86B" box="[439,459,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1ADAF8CDFD82F86B" box="[475,557,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">karschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the known males of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1F4EF8CDFA88F86B" box="[1103,1319,1910,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1F4EF8CDFB62F86B" box="[1103,1229,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Dolomedes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1E80F8CCFEA0F84F" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1E80F8CCFA3AF86B" box="[1409,1429,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96F821FEA0F84F" box="[151,271,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">mizhoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following features: 1) a broad and thick RTA that fully surrounds the retrolateral side of palpal tibia; 2) a broad-based median apophysis with a ventrally folded base that forms a basal extension; 3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA0FFC81B96FF2CFB5CFE72" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
a DST with a retrolaterally extended posterior edge; 4) a long embolus that extends through the dorsal distal tegular projection; 5) a broad-based fulcrum drastically narrowed at its curved section; 6) an elongated lateral subterminal apophysis that can be observed retrolaterally without the expansion of the palp; and 7) chelicerae usually with more than three promarginal teeth (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81ADCFEB8FDECFEE6" box="[477,579,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
). Males of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA0FFC819BDFEB8FC80FEE6" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[700,815,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karschi">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC819BDFEB8FD7FFEE7" box="[700,720,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC819DCFEB8FC80FEE6" box="[733,815,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">karschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the males of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA0FFC81FBBFEB8FAFCFEE6" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[1210,1363,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81FBBFEB8FB61FEE7" box="[1210,1230,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81FDAFEB8FAFCFEE6" box="[1243,1363,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">mizhoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the anteriorly protruded RTA with three spines (
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC8197EFE9CFD39FEBB" box="[639,662,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">vs</emphasis>
. RTA flat with a single spine in
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA0FFC818F7FE9CFB20FEBA" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[1014,1167,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC818F7FE9CFBA5FEBB" box="[1014,1034,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81F16FE9CFB20FEBA" box="[1047,1167,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">mizhoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); by the triangular basal extension of the median apophysis (
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81936FEF0FDE1FE9F" box="[567,590,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">vs</emphasis>
. thumb-shaped in
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA0FFC81824FEF0FC6DFE9E" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[805,962,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81824FEF0FC96FE9F" box="[805,825,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC8184BFEF0FC6DFE9E" box="[842,962,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">mizhoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and by the fulcrum with less protruded ventral edge (
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81A30FED4FEE7FE73" box="[305,328,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">vs</emphasis>
. more protruded in
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA0FFC81929FED4FD6DFE72" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[552,706,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81929FED4FD93FE73" box="[552,572,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC8194BFED4FD6DFE72" box="[586,706,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">mizhoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (cf.
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC819FEFED4FCCEFE72" box="[767,865,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA0FFC81896FED4FBCFFE72" author="Zhang, J. X. &amp; Zhu, M. S. &amp; Song, D. X." box="[919,1120,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="353 - 417" refId="ref6021" refString="Zhang, J. X., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Song, D. X. (2004) A review of the Chinese nursery-web spiders (Araneae, Pisauridae). Journal of Arachnology, 32 (3), 353-417. https://doi.org/10.1636/M02-58" type="journal article" year="2004">
Zhang
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC818E4FED4FBB1FE72" box="[997,1054,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 21–22).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="11B4665CFFA0FFC81B96FC3DFB76FC39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954306/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" startId="2.[151,264,902,926]" targetBox="[154,1430,459,861]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA0FFC81B96FC3DFB76FC39" blockId="2.[151,1436,902,962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81B96FC3DFE95FC65" bold="true" box="[151,314,902,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
Field photographs of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA0FFC81919FC3DFC3DFC65" authority="Kishida, 1936" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[536,914,902,926]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81919FC3DFD54FC65" box="[536,763,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Dolomedes mizhoanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA0FFC81803FC3DFC3DFC65" author="Kishida, K." box="[770,914,902,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="114 - 127" refId="ref5148" refString="Kishida, K. (1936) A synopsis of the Japanese spiders of the genus Dolomedes. Acta Arachnologica, 1 (4), 114-127. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.1.114" type="journal article" year="1936">Kishida, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC8189AFC3DFC07FC65" bold="true" box="[923,936,902,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">1</emphasis>
Female with egg sac from Kerala.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81E09FC3DFABAFC65" bold="true" box="[1288,1301,902,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">2</emphasis>
Female from Tamil Nadu. Figures provided without scale. Photographs 1 by Pradeep M. Sankaran, 2 by Gautam Kadam.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA0FFC81BC6FBAFFE30F875" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="description">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA0FFC81BC6FBAFFA20F8BD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1044,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81BC6FBAFFEDAFBD5" bold="true" box="[199,373,1044,1070]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81A7DFBAFFE19FBD5" box="[380,438,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Male</emphasis>
in ethanol (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC8193AFBAFFD0DFBD5" box="[571,674,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 3–6</figureCitation>
). Carapace brown, laterally covered with dense, short, grayish setae (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81B9EFB83FF49FBA8" box="[159,230,1080,1107]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); eye region red-brown, with sparse gray-brown setae; chelicerae dark yellow-brown, covered with long setae near fang furrow; endites, labium, and sternum yellow-brown; legs brown, covered with gray-brown setae, femur IV ventrally covered with extra dense long setae; dorsum of opisthosoma bearded with short, dark brown setae forming irregular brownish patches (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81976FB1FFD13FB44" box="[631,700,1188,1215]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), anterolaterally with several lines of white setae, venter yellow-brown. Fovea distinct, longitudinal (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81933FB73FDD8FB18" box="[562,631,1224,1251]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Cheliceral promargin with five teeth, two large basal, and three small apical positioned close to central furrow, retromargin with four equal-sized teeth. Opisthosoma long-oval, with distinct cardiac mark (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81A9BFAABFE4EFAD0" box="[410,481,1296,1323]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Body length 15.82. Carapace 8.74 long, 8.28 wide. Opisthosoma 7.08 long, 4.92 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.26, AME 0.34, PLE 0.58, PME 0.52; AME–ALE 0.14, AME–AME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.48, PME–PME 0.24. Clypeus 1.25 long. Chelicerae 3.03 long. Length of palp and legs: palp 13.23 [5.40, 1.71, 2.51, 3.61], I 40.80 [11.02, 4.39, 10.89, 10.59, 5.67], II 40.80 [11.17, 3.23, 10.69, 10.14, 5.57], III 38.14 [10.59, 4.08, 9.25, 9.16, 5.06], IV 45.70 [11.69, 4.43, 11.14, 11.84, 6.60]. Leg formula: 4123.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81F9CFA1BFB7DFA41" box="[1181,1234,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Palp</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81FDEFA1BFAEAFA40" box="[1247,1349,1440,1467]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
). Palpal tibia with a thumb-shaped ventral tibial apophysis and retrolaterally surrounded by a broad, highly sclerotised, and anteriorly protruded RTA with three sharp spines (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC819C3FA53FC87F9F8" box="[706,808,1512,1539]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
). Basal retrolateral edge of the venter of cymbium with a long-oval basal cymbium apophysis (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC8193BF9B7FD0EF9DC" box="[570,673,1548,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
). Tegulum sclerotised, prolaterally attached to a large and elongated distal tegular projection, and retrolaterally to a long, membranous, and triangular conductor (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81F9CF98BFAADF9B0" box="[1181,1282,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
). Subtegulum small, lying basomedial to the tegulum (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81958F9EFFD32F994" box="[601,669,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Tegulum, distal tegular projection, and conductor form a U-shaped tegular ring having a highly sclerotised saddle that lies its lower center (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC818D3F9C3FBB7F968" box="[978,1048,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Median apophysis hook-shaped, lying retrolaterally to the saddle, and is equally wide with a broad base; median apophysis basoretrolaterally with a triangular ventral fold (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81AB0F97BFE59F920" box="[433,502,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Fulcrum hook-shaped, with a very broad base, drastically shrinking at the curved region, with a folded ventral edge forming a groove containing the long, narrow, and curved embolus (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81E29F95FFA3FF904" box="[1320,1424,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
). Lateral subterminal apophysis elongated with a rounded tip, visible retrolaterally without expanding the palp (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC81E6EF8B3FF08F8BC" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, holotype male. 3 Habitus, dorsal; 4 same, ventral; 5 same, retrolateral; 6 same, frontal. 7–9 Left palp: 7 prolateral; 8 ventral; 9 retrolateral. 10 Label associated with the specimen in the vial. Abbreviations: BCA, basal cymbium apophysis; C, conductor; DTP, distal tegular projection; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; LSA, lateral subterminal apophysis; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, saddle; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 3–6, 1 mm; 7–9, 0.1 mm. Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu, © Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Fulcrum, embolus, and lateral subterminal apophysis originated from distal sclerotised tube of apical division.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA0FFC81BC6F8EAFE1BF891" blockId="2.[151,1437,1044,1971]" box="[199,436,1872,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81BC6F8EAFE80F891" box="[199,303,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Variation</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA0FFC81BC6F8CFFE30F875" blockId="2.[151,1437,1044,1971]" box="[199,415,1908,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81BC6F8CFFEB4F875" box="[199,283,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA0FFC81BC6F823FB92F848" box="[199,1085,1944,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA0FFC81BC6F823FB92F848" blockId="2.[151,1437,1044,1971]" box="[199,1085,1944,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA0FFC81BC6F823FECEF849" bold="true" box="[199,353,1944,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3DDC7644FFA0FFC81A66F823FE7AF849" box="[359,469,1944,1970]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(exact
<typeStatus id="9A708876FFA0FFC81926F822FDF8F848" box="[551,599,1945,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
locality unknown) (
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA0FFC8183BF823FC6AF848" author="Strand, E." box="[826,965,1944,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="113 - 123" refId="ref5768" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Neue indoaustralische und polynesische Spinnen des Senckenbergischen Museums. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 (A 6), 113-123." type="journal article" year="1913">Strand 1913</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="DDF02A51FFA0FFC818DDF823FB9FF848" box="[988,1072,1944,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-332@8.[151,1436,597,1597]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 31. Currently known distribution records of the family Dolomedidae in India and Sri Lanka. ○ Dolomedes boiei (Doleschall, 1859) (doubtful record), ● Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913, ▲ Dolomedes mizhoanus Kishida, 1936." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954320/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

206
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<mods:title id="E34EE8BF03139816E1393283DE49661C">On the spider family Dolomedidae Simon, 1876 in India and Sri Lanka (Arachnida: Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="A01CABDFAB3511185EC5CFA505A34123">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="562D36DA9228381AC64D26132AFB6632">
<mods:date id="F4663DFDEA9811F8D930506E5BE39234">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9B109F71903D6D3ED867F9DF859A08CA">5594</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C624BE3282995B11DCE6A2561322DE00" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CD6287C2FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FD31F9D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD6287C2FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FD31F9D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD6287C2FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FD31F9D5" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFCB1B96FC14FE76FC32" box="[151,473,943,970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FE76FC32" blockId="1.[151,473,943,970]" box="[151,473,943,970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="1E3C81B8FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FE76FC32" bold="true" box="[151,473,943,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FE76FC32" ID-CoL="47MQ" authority="Latreille, 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,473,943,970]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FE76FC32" bold="true" box="[151,473,943,970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96FC14FEB2FC31" bold="true" box="[151,285,943,970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Dolomedes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1A25FC14FE76FC32" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[292,473,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="129 - 295" refId="ref5190" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1804) Tableau methodique des Insectes. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 24, 129-295." type="journal article" year="1804">Latreille, 1804</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFCB1B96FC4CFB30FBEA" box="[151,1183,1015,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1B96FC4CFB30FBEA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1015,1582]" box="[151,1183,1015,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96FC4CFE9AFBEA" bold="true" box="[151,309,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="9A708876FFA3FFCB1B96FC4CFF7DFBEA" box="[151,210,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1A3DFC4CFD01FBE9" authority="Clerck, 1757" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1757" box="[316,686,1015,1042]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1A3DFC4CFDBCFBEA" box="[316,531,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Araneus fimbriatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB191BFC4CFD01FBE9" author="Clerck, C." box="[538,686,1015,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" refId="ref4909" refString="Clerck, C. (1757) Aranei Svecici. Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slagter indelte samt under nagra och sextio sarskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholmiae [Stockholm], 154 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119890" type="book" year="1757">Clerck, 1757</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB18EEFC4CFB3DFBEA" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[1007,1170,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="129 - 295" refId="ref5190" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1804) Tableau methodique des Insectes. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 24, 129-295." type="journal article" year="1804">Latreille 1804</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFCB1BC6FBA0FBD5FBCD" box="[199,1146,1051,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1BC6FBA0FBD5FBCD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1015,1582]" box="[199,1146,1051,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1BC6FBA0FEEBFBCE" bold="true" box="[199,324,1051,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
For family and genus description and diagnosis, see
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1897FBA0FBD9FBCD" author="Morris, S. A. &amp; Hazzi, N. A. &amp; Hormiga, G." box="[918,1142,1051,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref5294" refString="Morris, S. A., Hazzi, N. A. &amp; Hormiga, G. (2025) Molecular phylogenetics of nursery web spiders (Araneae: Pisauridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 203 (108247), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108247" type="journal article" year="2025">
Morris
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB18E8FBA7FB8EFBCE" box="[1001,1057,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
(2025)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD1655FFFA3FFCB1BC6FB84FD31F9D5" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="457436D4FFA3FFCB1BC6FB84FD31F9D5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1015,1582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1BC6FB84FE94FBA2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is the first record of the family and the genus from
<collectingCountry id="3DDC7644FFA3FFCB18B6FB84FC5BFBA2" box="[951,1012,1087,1113]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">India</collectingCountry>
. Images of a
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1F88FB84FAF0FBA2" box="[1161,1375,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1F88FB84FAA8FBA2" box="[1161,1287,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Dolomedes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="870FF836FFA3FFCB1B96FBDFFE8AFB86" box="[151,293,1123,1150]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
(Mondal, pers. comm.) were presented in
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1805FBD8FB87FB85" author="Mondal, A. &amp; Chanda, D. &amp; Vartak, A. &amp; Kulkarni, S." box="[772,1064,1123,1150]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" refId="ref5256" refString="Mondal, A., Chanda, D., Vartak, A. &amp; Kulkarni, S. (2020) A Field Guide to the Spider Genera of India. Privately published, 408 pp." type="book" year="2020">
Mondal
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1863FBDFFC34FB86" box="[866,923,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
(2020: 165)
</bibRefCitation>
, but misidentified as a species of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1B96FB33FE7FFB5A" authority="Pocock, 1900" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,464,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96FB33FE80FB5A" box="[151,303,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Eucamptopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1A34FB3CFE7FFB5A" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[309,464,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" refId="ref5355" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. Taylor and Francis, London, 279 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48423" type="book" year="1900">Pocock, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1AD8FB3CFDD3FB5A" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[473,636,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" refId="ref5355" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. Taylor and Francis, London, 279 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48423" type="book" year="1900">Pocock (1900)</bibRefCitation>
described the monotypic pisaurid genus
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1F3EFB33FB78FB5A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[1087,1239,1160,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1F3EFB33FB78FB5A" box="[1087,1239,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Eucamptopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1E05FB33FE0DFB3E" authority="Pocock, 1900" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronatus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1E05FB33FEA9FB3E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Eucamptopus coronatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1A0AFB10FE0DFB3E" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[267,418,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" refId="ref5355" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. Taylor and Francis, London, 279 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48423" type="book" year="1900">Pocock, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on a male specimen collected from the southern Indian state of
<collectingRegion id="870FF836FFA3FFCB1F9CFB10FA8CFB3E" box="[1181,1315,1195,1221]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1E2AFB10FEE0FB12" author="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="539 - 543" refId="ref5850" refString="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S. (1976) Redescription of type specimens of the species Eucamptopus coronatus Pocock and Euprosthenops ellioti (Cambridge) (fam. Pisauridae) with critical notes. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 73, 539-543." type="journal article" year="1976">Tikader &amp; Malhotra (1976)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1ADCFB6BFDC4FB12" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[477,619,1232,1258]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronatus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1ADCFB6BFE41FB12" box="[477,494,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1AFDFB6BFDC4FB12" box="[508,619,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">coronatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on its
<typeStatus id="9A708876FFA3FFCB19FAFB74FCCFFB12" box="[763,864,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, which was supposed to be deposited at the Natural History Museum of London (
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1AE3FB48FCA5FAF6" author="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S." box="[482,778,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="539 - 543" refId="ref5850" refString="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S. (1976) Redescription of type specimens of the species Eucamptopus coronatus Pocock and Euprosthenops ellioti (Cambridge) (fam. Pisauridae) with critical notes. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 73, 539-543." type="journal article" year="1976">Tikader &amp; Malhotra 1976</bibRefCitation>
), but is currently unavailable there, and may be misplaced or lost (D. Sherwood, pers. comm.). Even though the palpal illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1F00FAA3FB3DFACA" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[1025,1170,1304,1330]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronatus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1F00FAA3FBBDFACA" box="[1025,1042,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1F22FAA3FB3DFACA" box="[1059,1170,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">coronatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided in
<bibRefCitation id="215A4B25FFA3FFCB1E26FAACFEE3FAAE" author="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="539 - 543" refId="ref5850" refString="Tikader, B. K. &amp; Malhotra, M. S. (1976) Redescription of type specimens of the species Eucamptopus coronatus Pocock and Euprosthenops ellioti (Cambridge) (fam. Pisauridae) with critical notes. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 73, 539-543." type="journal article" year="1976">Tikader &amp; Malhotra (1976</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1–3) are highly schematic, the overall shape and orientation of palpal sclerites, particularly the embolus together with the general shape of the habitus, and the presence of four retromarginal teeth on the chelicerae show similarities with genera currently included in
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB185CFA38FC57FA66" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1876" box="[861,1016,1411,1437]" family="Dolomedidae" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" rank="family">Dolomedidae</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, the palpal illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1B96FA13FE8AFA3A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,293,1448,1474]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronatus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96FA13FF07FA3A" box="[151,168,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1BB7FA13FE8AFA3A" box="[182,293,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">coronatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show a close similarity with that of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB19B9FA1CFCC2FA39" box="[696,877,1447,1474]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB19B9FA1CFC99FA3A" box="[696,822,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Dolomedes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting a possible synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1E05FA13FA33FA3A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[1284,1436,1448,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1E05FA13FA33FA3A" box="[1284,1436,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Eucamptopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1BD0FA70FEE0FA1E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[209,335,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1BD0FA70FEE0FA1E" box="[209,335,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Dolomedes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The recent discovery of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1973FA77FCA2FA1E" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[626,781,1483,1510]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1973FA77FD29FA1E" box="[626,646,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1994FA70FCA2FA1E" box="[661,781,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">mizhoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="870FF836FFA3FFCB1833FA70FC17FA1E" box="[818,952,1483,1509]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
(see below), will suggest a possibility that
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1B96FA4BFE88F9F2" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,295,1520,1546]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronatus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1B96FA4BFF07F9F2" box="[151,168,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1BB9FA4BFE88F9F2" box="[184,295,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">coronatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1943FA4BFD71F9F2" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[578,734,1519,1546]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mizhoanus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1943FA4BFDF9F9F2" box="[578,598,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1967FA54FD71F9F2" box="[614,734,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">mizhoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. But confirmation of all these require the examination of the
<typeStatus id="9A708876FFA3FFCB1B96F9A8FF56F9D6" box="[151,249,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
or
<typeStatus id="9A708876FFA3FFCB1A1EF9AFFE2EF9D5" box="[287,385,1556,1582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="topotype">topotype</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="82CB4D57FFA3FFCB1908F9AFFD38F9D6" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[521,663,1556,1582]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Eucamptopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronatus">
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1908F9AFFDB5F9D6" box="[521,538,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="77BFEAC6FFA3FFCB1929F9AFFD38F9D6" box="[552,663,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">coronatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

720
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<mods:title id="B455C582ABCF38DF1B27B8FD7AC0B09A">First record of Falsanathelges Boyko &amp; Williams, 2003 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Epicaridea: Bopyridae) from Japan, with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22EFFE5FF64FF0660A1FF1F" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,475,151,178]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FF64FF0660A1FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,475,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF64FF2D639BFF78" blockId="2.[151,737,151,249]" box="[151,737,187,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">[New Japanese name: Yakko-yadokarinoharayadori]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24F46500D22EFFE5FF64FF4E6076FF54" box="[151,268,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF64FF4E6076FF54" blockId="2.[151,737,151,249]" box="[151,268,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
(
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FF53FF4E6078FF54" box="[160,258,223,249]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1428,191,1878]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetBox-2="[193,1403,212,1719]" captionTargetBox-3="[193,1388,236,1513]" captionTargetBox-4="[211,1410,215,1886]" captionTargetBox-5="[168,1402,249,1731]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1750]" captionTargetId-3="figure-31@6.[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1910]" captionTargetId-5="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov. parasitizing to Cancellus mayoae Forest &amp; McLaughlin, 1998, photographed alive. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H]." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–F) (SMBL-V0708). A–E, left pleopods 1–5 and lateral plates 1–5; F, left uropods. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–F]." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–E) (SMBL-V0709). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, detail of posterior margin of pleon, ventral view; D, left antennule, dorsal view; E, left antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–B], 100 μm [C–E]." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–G) (SMBL-V0709). A–G, right pereopods 1–7. Scale bar = 100 μm [A–G]." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954158" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954166" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954168" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954170" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14954158/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14954166/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14954168/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/14954170/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Figs.1–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FF64FEB660F8FEEC" bold="true" box="[151,386,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Material examined.</emphasis>
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.
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female (BL
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), infesting female
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<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FB3EFEB664E6FEEC" box="[1229,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Cancellus mayoae</emphasis>
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(SL 8.0 mm), St-TY-03-15,
<collectingMunicipality id="8C35ACF1D22EFFE5FE13FEDA63B9FEC8" box="[480,707,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Ooshima Shin-sone</collectingMunicipality>
, off the coast of
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FE32FEFF633AFE24" box="[449,576,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.67" metricValueMin="1.63" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="165.0" valueMax="167.0" valueMin="163.0">163–167 m</quantity>
depth
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, coll.
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and
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,
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</date>
.
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<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF34FE03655CFE01" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2027]" box="[199,1062,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
<materialsCitation id="DC863CD6D22EFFE5FF34FE03655CFE01" box="[199,1062,402,429]" collectingDate="2003-05-27" collectorName="S. Ohtsuka &amp; M. Shimomura" country="Japan" county="Amami Island" elevation="165" latitude="28.869" location="Mature" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="129.54984" municipality="Ooshima Shin-sone" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" specimenCode="SMBL-V0709" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="allotype">
<typeStatus id="B3558829D22EFFE5FF34FE036057FE01" box="[199,301,402,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
. Mature male (BL
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FE0CFE03632CFE01" box="[511,598,402,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
) (
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), data same as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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Description of
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female
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FDDDFE2463E8FE7D" box="[558,658,437,464]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1428,191,1878]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetBox-2="[193,1403,212,1719]" captionTargetBox-3="[193,1388,236,1513]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1750]" captionTargetId-3="figure-31@6.[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov. parasitizing to Cancellus mayoae Forest &amp; McLaughlin, 1998, photographed alive. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H]." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–F) (SMBL-V0708). A–E, left pleopods 1–5 and lateral plates 1–5; F, left uropods. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–F]." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954158" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954166" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14954158/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14954166/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
). Body length
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FCDDFE2762FBFE7D" box="[814,897,438,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
, maximal width 5.0 mm; head length
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FAFEFE27641BFE7D" box="[1293,1377,438,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
, head width
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FF28FE48604AFE5E" box="[219,304,473,499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
, pleon length
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FE36FE486360FE5E" box="[453,538,473,499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
. Body longer than broad, nearly symmetrical. Head, pereomeres 1–7 and pleomeres 1–5 distinctly separated. Segmentation between pleomere 5 and pleotelson indistinct, fused dorsally (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FB2BFE6D6434FDBA" box="[1240,1358,508,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF34FDB165E6FD46" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
Head (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FEE3FDB1601CFD97" box="[272,358,544,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) longer than broad; head length approximately one-fourth of body length: anterior margin convex, slightly pointed in middle; posterior and lateral margins convex. Eyes lacking. Antennule (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FB41FDD2644AFDF0" box="[1202,1328,579,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
) of three articles: articles 2 and 3 each with some fine setae distally; article 2 with some fine setae laterally. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FAB2FDF661D6FD09" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
) of four articles: article 1 with some fine setae medially and laterally; article 2 with some fine setae laterally and distally; articles 3 and 4 each with some fine setae distally. Maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FC3AFD3F6565FD65" box="[969,1055,686,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) with subtriangular anterior lobe, lacking palp: posterior lobe subtriangular, with long thin spur. Barbula broken in dissection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF34FD6464F3FBDC" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
Pereon (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FED4FD6460F8FCA2" box="[295,386,757,783]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) of seven pereomeres, broadest at pereomeres 3 and 4, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly; pereomeres 1–3 anteriorly concave and posteriorly convex; pereomere 4 anteriorly concave and posteriorly slightly convex; pereomere 5 with more or less straight margins; pereomeres 6 and 7 anteriorly convex and posteriorly concave. Oostegites (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FE71FCCE60ACFCD4" box="[386,470,863,889]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) completely enclosing brood pouch. Oostegite 1 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FC05FCCE6524FCD4" box="[1014,1118,863,889]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2F–I</figureCitation>
) slightly extended overhead: anterior lobe irregularly ovate with edges folded under; posterior lobe with large ovate expansion and smaller; internal ridge with proximal digitations and distal lobe. Oostegite 5 with fringe of setae on posterior margin; each seta of oostegite 5 approximately
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FDFEFC58630AFC49" box="[525,624,969,996]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
in length. All pereopods (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FC7DFC58657DFC49" box="[910,1031,969,996]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,212,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3A–H</figureCitation>
) with basis and ischia elongated and smooth; carpi with distoventral tuft of setae. Pereopod 1 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FCE6FC7C6202FBAA" box="[789,888,1005,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FC70FC7C62DCFBAA" box="[899,934,1005,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,212,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">3A</figureCitation>
) anterior to head, with carpus bearing simple scales, and few widely scattered short setae on margin; merus with few widely scattered short setae on margin; pereopods 2 and 3 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FE84FBA560AAFBE3" box="[375,464,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) parallel to head. Propodus of pereopods 3 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FBFDFBA565FCFBE3" box="[1038,1158,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,212,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
) smaller than pereopods 2–5. Pereopods 2–6 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FE77FBC66082FBDC" box="[388,504,1111,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,212,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3B–F</figureCitation>
) similar in size and shape. Pereopods 1 and 7 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FBF5FBC665D8FBDC" box="[1030,1186,1111,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[193,1403,212,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3A, G, H</figureCitation>
) shorter than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF34FBEA65F9FB71" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
Pleon (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FEE5FBEA6017FB38" box="[278,365,1147,1173]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[151,1436,181,1791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) of six pleomeres, pleomeres 1–4 dorsally distinct; pleomeres 5 and 6 dorsally fused; pleomeres 1–5 each with elongate-ovate biramous pleopods and uniramous lateral plates (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FBEEFB0F65ECFB15" box="[1053,1174,1182,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[193,1388,236,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-31@6.[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–F) (SMBL-V0708). A–E, left pleopods 1–5 and lateral plates 1–5; F, left uropods. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–F]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954166/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4A–E</figureCitation>
) arising from common peduncle. Pleotelson (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FE7DFB536098FB71" box="[398,482,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[193,1388,236,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-31@6.[151,1436,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., female holotype, (A–F) (SMBL-V0708). A–E, left pleopods 1–5 and lateral plates 1–5; F, left uropods. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–F]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954166/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) with biramous uropods; base of uropods without peduncle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF34FB746505F993" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FF34FB74633EFB52" bold="true" box="[199,580,1253,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="B3558829D22EFFE5FE57FB746379FB52" box="[420,515,1253,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
male
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FDA7FB7463D9FAAD" box="[596,675,1253,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[211,1410,215,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–E) (SMBL-V0709). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, detail of posterior margin of pleon, ventral view; D, left antennule, dorsal view; E, left antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–B], 100 μm [C–E]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954168/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FD43FB7463C5FB52" box="[688,703,1253,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[168,1402,249,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–G) (SMBL-V0709). A–G, right pereopods 1–7. Scale bar = 100 μm [A–G]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954170/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">6</figureCitation>
). Body length
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FC94FB7462C5FAAD" box="[871,959,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
, maximum width
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FB78FB74659EFAAD" box="[1163,1252,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
; head length
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FA8AFB7461BFFA8E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
, head width
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FEA3FA9860DDFA8E" box="[336,423,1289,1315]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, pleon length
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FDB1FA9863E3FA8E" box="[578,665,1289,1315]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
. Head subovate, widest postero-medially, not distinct with pereomere 1 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FF45FABD6068FAEA" box="[182,274,1324,1351]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[211,1410,215,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–E) (SMBL-V0709). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, detail of posterior margin of pleon, ventral view; D, left antennule, dorsal view; E, left antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–B], 100 μm [C–E]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954168/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Small eyes on posterolateral margins. Antennule (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FC93FABD62C3FAEA" box="[864,953,1324,1351]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[211,1410,215,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–E) (SMBL-V0709). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, detail of posterior margin of pleon, ventral view; D, left antennule, dorsal view; E, left antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–B], 100 μm [C–E]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954168/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
) of three articles: article 1 with some fine setae medially, articles 2 and 3 each with some fine setae distally. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FC0FFAC16529FAC7" box="[1020,1107,1359,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[211,1410,215,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–E) (SMBL-V0709). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, detail of posterior margin of pleon, ventral view; D, left antennule, dorsal view; E, left antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–B], 100 μm [C–E]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954168/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
) of five articles: articles 3–5 distally setose. Pereon widest at pereomere 3 and 4, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly. Pereomeres 1–4 directed laterally with rounded distal margins; pereomeres 5–7 slightly curved postero-laterally. Pereopods 1–6 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FAECFA0764EEFA1D" box="[1311,1428,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[168,1402,249,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–G) (SMBL-V0709). A–G, right pereopods 1–7. Scale bar = 100 μm [A–G]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954170/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 6A–F</figureCitation>
) similar in size. Pereopod 7 (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FE39FA2B635BFA79" box="[458,545,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[168,1402,249,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–G) (SMBL-V0709). A–G, right pereopods 1–7. Scale bar = 100 μm [A–G]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954170/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
) smaller than pereopods 1–6. All pereopods with distinct articles; propodus with long setae on dorsal margin and few blunt teeth on ventral margin near to insertion of dactylitip; ventral margin of carpus with distoventral tuft of setae. Pleon (
<figureCitation id="F4D52A0ED22EFFE5FD7FF990627EF9B1" box="[652,772,1537,1564]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[211,1410,215,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1910]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Falsanathelges grandiceps sp. nov., male allotype, (A–E) (SMBL-V0709). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, detail of posterior margin of pleon, ventral view; D, left antennule, dorsal view; E, left antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–B], 100 μm [C–E]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954168/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
) subovate, all pleomeres fused without lateral indication of segmentation; posterior margin rounded, with pair of setal tuft distally, without pleopods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24F46500D22EFFEDFF34F9D965C6FE24" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22EFFE5FF34F9D96267F846" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FF34F9D96041F9CF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1608,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Remarks.</emphasis>
The present species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22EFFE5FD3EF9D96479F9CF" authority="Williams &amp; Boyko, 2016" authorityName="Williams &amp; Boyko" authorityYear="2016" box="[717,1283,1608,1634]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FD3EF9D962A8F9CF" box="[717,978,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Falsanathelges mariae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="087F4B7AD22EFFE5FC2EF9D96479F9CF" author="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B." box="[989,1283,1608,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="33 - 69" refId="ref4582" refString="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. (2016) Abdominal bopyrid parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae: Athelginae) of diogenid hermit crabs from the western Pacific, with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 64, 33-69." type="journal article" year="2016">Williams &amp; Boyko, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
known from
<collectingCountry id="14F9761BD22EFFE5FF64F9FA606FF928" box="[151,277,1643,1669]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Philippines</collectingCountry>
in having biramous uropods. It is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22EFFE5FC8CF9FD6291F928" authorityName="Williams &amp; Boyko" authorityYear="2016" box="[895,1003,1644,1669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FC8CF9FD6291F928" box="[895,1003,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">F. mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following features (those of
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22EFFE5FA7BF9FD619CF904" authorityName="Williams &amp; Boyko" authorityYear="2016" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22EFFE5FA7BF9FD619CF904" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">F. mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given in parentheses): head longer than wide in female (length and width subequal), approximately one-fourth of body in length in female (one-seven), head anterior margin convex in female (deeply concave); maximum body width on pereomeres 3 and
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FDFCF9476340F95D" box="[527,570,1750,1776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
female (on pereomeres 3–7), pereopods 2–6 similar in size, pereopods 1 and 7 shorter than pereopods
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22EFFE5FE41F9686083F8BE" box="[434,505,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="0.508" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 in</quantity>
female (all pereopods of similar size), all pereopods lacking large lobes on median margin on each basis in female (with large lobes), pleon dorsal segmentation of pleomeres 5 and 6 fused in female (distinct), biramous uropods in female (uniramous), articles 3–5 of antenna with some distal fine setae in male (on article 2–5); pereopods 1–6 of similar sizes and pereopod 7 smaller in male (all pereopods subequal in size), dorsal edge of all propodus with long setae in male (without long setae); pleon subovate in male (tapering posteriorly), without lateral segmentation in male (with variable degrees of lateral indication of segmentation), and with a pair of tubercles on posterior margin in male (without tubercles).
</paragraph>
<caption id="38916603D22FFFE4FF64F8E460FDF81C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954158/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" startId="3.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[163,1428,191,1878]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22FFFE4FF64F8E460FDF81C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1909,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22FFFE4FF64F8E4606EF820" bold="true" box="[151,276,1909,1933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22FFFE4FEE9F8E46357F820" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[282,557,1909,1933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22FFFE4FEE9F8E46357F820" box="[282,557,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22FFFE4FDC7F8E763FFF823" bold="true" box="[564,645,1910,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A957E2D22FFFE4FDC7F8E763FFF823" box="[564,645,1910,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
parasitizing to
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22FFFE4FCD7F8E4647CF823" authority="Forest &amp; McLaughlin, 1998" authorityName="Forest &amp; McLaughlin" authorityYear="1998" box="[804,1286,1909,1934]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Cancellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayoae">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22FFFE4FCD7F8E462A5F820" box="[804,991,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Cancellus mayoae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="087F4B7AD22FFFE4FC15F8E7647CF823" author="Forest, J. &amp; Mclaughlin, P. A." box="[998,1286,1909,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="188 - 198" refId="ref4374" refString="Forest, J. &amp; Mclaughlin, P. A. (1998) Descriptions of two new Japanese hermit crabs (Decapoda: Paguridae: Diogenidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (1), 188-198." type="journal article" year="1998">Forest &amp; McLaughlin, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, photographed alive. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38916603D228FFE3FF64F88663E9F836" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954160/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" startId="4.[151,250,1815,1839]" targetBox="[178,1393,191,1751]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD228FFE3FF64F88663E9F836" blockId="4.[151,1436,1815,1948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D228FFE3FF64F886606EF882" bold="true" box="[151,276,1815,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D228FFE3FEEFF886634AF882" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[284,560,1815,1839]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D228FFE3FEEFF886634AF882" box="[284,560,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D228FFE3FDC4F88663F3F882" bold="true" box="[567,649,1815,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A957E2D228FFE3FDC4F88663F3F882" box="[567,649,1815,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, antennules and antennae, dorsal view; D, right antennule and antenna, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped, ventral view; F, left oostegite 1, outer view; G, left oostegite 1, inner view; H, right oostegite 1, outer view; I, right oostegite 1, inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–C, E–I], 100 μm [D].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38916603D229FFE2FF64F97C636DF887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954164/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" startId="5.[151,250,1773,1797]" targetBox="[193,1403,212,1719]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD229FFE2FF64F97C636DF887" blockId="5.[151,1436,1773,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D229FFE2FF64F97C606EF8A8" bold="true" box="[151,276,1773,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D229FFE2FEE8F97C6355F8A8" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[283,559,1773,1797]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D229FFE2FEE8F97C6355F8A8" box="[283,559,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D229FFE2FDC6F97F63FDF8AB" bold="true" box="[565,647,1774,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A957E2D229FFE2FDC6F97F63FDF8AB" box="[565,647,1774,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female holotype, (A–H) (SMBL-V0708). A–G, right pereopods 1–7; H, left pereopod 7. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–H].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38916603D22AFFE1FF64F98D63D3F9F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954166/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" startId="6.[151,250,1564,1588]" targetBox="[193,1388,236,1513]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22AFFE1FF64F98D63D3F9F5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1564,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22AFFE1FF64F98D606EF999" bold="true" box="[151,276,1564,1588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22AFFE1FEE8F98D6354F999" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[283,558,1564,1588]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22AFFE1FEE8F98D6354F999" box="[283,558,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22AFFE1FDC6F98D63FDF999" bold="true" box="[565,647,1564,1588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A957E2D22AFFE1FDC6F98D63FDF999" box="[565,647,1564,1588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female holotype, (A–F) (SMBL-V0708). A–E, left pleopods 1–5 and lateral plates 1–5; F, left uropods. Scale bar = 1 mm [A–F].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22AFFEDFF34F93B64E2FF78" blockId="6.[151,1437,1706,2020]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22AFFE1FF34F93B608CF969" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[199,502,1706,1732]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22AFFE1FF34F93B608CF969" box="[199,502,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22AFFE1FE0DF93B6322F969" bold="true" box="[510,600,1706,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A957E2D22AFFE1FE0DF93B6322F969" box="[510,600,1706,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22AFFE1FCA6F93A62B4F969" baseAuthorityName="Nierstrasz &amp; Brender a Brandis" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[853,974,1706,1732]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22AFFE1FCA6F93A62B4F969" box="[853,974,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">F. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="14F9761BD22AFFE1FBE7F93B6501F969" box="[1044,1147,1706,1732]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
by the following features (those of
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22AFFE1FEF1F95E6000F945" baseAuthorityName="Nierstrasz &amp; Brender a Brandis" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[258,378,1742,1768]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22AFFE1FEF1F95E6000F945" box="[258,378,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">F. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given in parentheses): head longer than wide in female (as long as wide), head approximately one-fourth of body in length female (approximately one-seven), anterior margin of head convex in female (concave), pereomeres 3 and 4 broadest in female (pereomeres 3–5), setae on posterior margin of oostegite 5 of approximately
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in length in female (
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22AFFE1FE2EF8AB633FF8F9" box="[477,581,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
); pereopods 2–6 similar in size and pereopods 1 and 7 shorter than pereopods
<quantity id="AB169B6ED22AFFE1FF64F8CF61A5F8D5" box="[151,223,1886,1912]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="0.508" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 in</quantity>
female (all pereopods of similar in sizes), ischia of pereopods all without a large lobe in female (with large lobe); dorsal segmentation of pleomeres 1–4 distinct and pleomeres 5 and pleotelson fused dorsally in female (indistinct in all 6 pleomeres), base of uropods without peduncle in female (with peduncle), pereomere 3 wider in male (pereomere 4 wider), pleon subovate, with all pleomeres fused without lateral segmentation in male (pleon tapering posteriorly with lateral indication of segmentation), and pleon posterior margin with a pair of tubercles in male (without a pair of tubercles). The characteristics of all species in the genus have been summarised in
<tableCitation id="216C0330D226FFEDFACDFF2A64E8FF78" box="[1342,1426,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,780,806]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison among three species of female of Falsanathelges." pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="38916603D22BFFE0FF64F81C633AF843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="162" startId="7.[151,250,1933,1957]" targetBox="[211,1410,215,1886]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD22BFFE0FF64F81C633AF843" blockId="7.[151,1437,1933,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22BFFE0FF64F81C606CF80B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1933,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="162">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D22BFFE0FED3F81F634CF80B" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[288,566,1934,1958]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22BFFE0FED3F81F634CF80B" box="[288,566,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="162">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D22BFFE0FDCCF81F63E9F80B" bold="true" box="[575,659,1934,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A957E2D22BFFE0FDCCF81F63E9F80B" box="[575,659,1934,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male allotype, (A–E) (SMBL-V0709). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, detail of posterior margin of pleon, ventral view; D, left antennule, dorsal view; E, left antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm [A–B], 100 μm [C–E].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38916603D224FFEFFF64F96F6033F897" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14954170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14954170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14954170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="163" startId="8.[151,250,1790,1814]" targetBox="[168,1402,249,1731]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD224FFEFFF64F96F6033F897" blockId="8.[151,1436,1790,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D224FFEFFF64F96F606EF8BB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1790,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D224FFEFFEE8F96F6354F8BB" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[283,558,1790,1814]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D224FFEFFEE8F96F6354F8BB" box="[283,558,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="163">Falsanathelges grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D224FFEFFDC6F96F63FCF8BB" bold="true" box="[565,646,1790,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A957E2D224FFEFFDC6F96F63FCF8BB" box="[565,646,1790,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male allotype, (A–G) (SMBL-V0709). A–G, right pereopods 1–7. Scale bar = 100 μm [A–G].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38916603D225FFEEFF64FC9D62D6FC8B" box="[151,940,780,806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" startId="9.[151,239,780,806]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD225FFEEFF64FC9D62D6FC8B" blockId="9.[151,940,780,806]" box="[151,940,780,806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF64FC9D6070FC8B" bold="true" box="[151,266,780,806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison among three species of female of
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D225FFEEFCF1FC9D62D2FC8B" authorityName=", Boyko &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2003" box="[770,936,780,806]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Falsanathelges</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD225FFEEFF51FCA4678EFA37" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<table id="1EEEC42BD2250018FF51FCA466A6FA37" box="[162,2012,821,1434]" gridcols="11" gridrows="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FCA466A6FCE3" box="[162,2012,821,846]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FCA4601CFCE3" box="[162,358,821,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Species</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFCA46098FCE3" box="[392,482,821,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Pereon</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FDF7FCA46305FCE3" box="[516,639,821,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Head length</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FD57FCA46392FCE3" box="[676,744,821,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Head</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FCE2FCA4621EFCE3" box="[785,868,821,846]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Head</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FCA46575FCE3" box="[900,1039,821,846]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Maximum</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FBD9FCA465FCFCE3" box="[1066,1158,821,846]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Antenna</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FCA4643DFCE3" box="[1184,1351,821,846]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Size of</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FA98FCA4674CFCE3" box="[1387,1590,821,846]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Large lobes on</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFCA46657FCE3" box="[1628,1837,821,846]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Dorsal segmentation</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FCA466A6FCE3" box="[1879,2012,821,846]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Uropods</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FCC866A6FCDF" box="[162,2012,857,882]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FDF7FCC86305FCDF" box="[516,639,857,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">and breadth</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FD57FCC86392FCDF" box="[676,744,857,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">length</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FCE2FCC8621EFCDF" box="[785,868,857,882]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">anterior</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FCC86575FCDF" box="[900,1039,857,882]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">body width</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FCC8643DFCDF" box="[1184,1351,857,882]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pereopods</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FA98FCC8674CFCDF" box="[1387,1590,857,882]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pereopods</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFCC86657FCDF" box="[1628,1837,857,882]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">of pereon</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FCEC66A6FC3B" box="[162,2012,893,918]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FD57FCEC6392FC3B" box="[676,744,893,918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">/ Body</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FCE2FCEC621EFC3B" box="[785,868,893,918]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">margin</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FCEC6575FC3B" box="[900,1039,893,918]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">on pereomere</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FC3066A6FC17" box="[162,2012,929,954]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FD57FC306392FC17" box="[676,744,929,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">length</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FC5866A6FC4F" box="[162,2012,969,994]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FC58601CFC4F" box="[162,358,969,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D225FFEEFF51FC586069FC4F" baseAuthorityName="Nierstrasz &amp; Brender a Brandis" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[162,275,969,994]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FC586069FC4F" box="[162,275,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">F. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFC586098FC4F" box="[392,482,969,994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">not</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FDF7FC586305FC4F" box="[516,639,969,994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">subequal</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FD57FC586392FC4F" box="[676,744,969,994]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">1/7</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FCE2FC58621EFC4F" box="[785,868,969,994]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">convex</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FC586575FC4F" box="[900,1039,969,994]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pereomeres</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FBD9FC5865FCFC4F" box="[1066,1158,969,994]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">4 articles</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FC58643DFC4F" box="[1184,1351,969,994]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">all pereopods</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FA98FC58674CFC4F" box="[1387,1590,969,994]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">with large lobes on</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFC586657FC4F" box="[1628,1837,969,994]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">all indistinct</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FC5866A6FC4F" box="[1879,2012,969,994]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">biramous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FC7C66A6FBAB" box="[162,2012,1005,1030]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FC7C601CFBAB" box="[162,358,1005,1030]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FC7C6057FBAB" box="[162,301,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">(Nierstrasz &amp;</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFC7C6098FBAB" box="[392,482,1005,1030]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">distorted</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FC7C6575FBAB" box="[900,1039,1005,1030]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">3–5</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FC7C643DFBAB" box="[1184,1351,1005,1030]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">same size</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FA98FC7C674CFBAB" box="[1387,1590,1005,1030]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">each ischia</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FC7C66A6FBAB" box="[1879,2012,1005,1030]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">uropods with</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FB8066A6FB87" box="[162,2012,1041,1066]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FB80601CFB87" box="[162,358,1041,1066]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FB80601CFB87" box="[162,358,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Brender à Brandis,</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FB8066A6FB87" box="[1879,2012,1041,1066]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">peduncle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FBA466A6FBE3" box="[162,2012,1077,1102]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FBA4601CFBE3" box="[162,358,1077,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FBA461A4FBE3" box="[162,222,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">1931)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FBCC66A6FBDB" box="[162,2012,1117,1142]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FBCC601CFBDB" box="[162,358,1117,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D225FFEEFF51FBCC601CFBDB" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams &amp; Boyko" authorityYear="2016" box="[162,358,1117,1142]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FBCC601CFBDB" box="[162,358,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">F. mariae Williams</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFBCC6098FBDB" box="[392,482,1117,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">anterioly</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FDF7FBCC6305FBDB" box="[516,639,1117,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">subequal</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FD57FBCC6392FBDB" box="[676,744,1117,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">1/7</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FCE2FBCC621EFBDB" box="[785,868,1117,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">deeply</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FBCC6575FBDB" box="[900,1039,1117,1142]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pereomeres</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FBD9FBCC65FCFBDB" box="[1066,1158,1117,1142]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">5 articles</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FBCC643DFBDB" box="[1184,1351,1117,1142]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">all pereopods</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FA98FBCC674CFBDB" box="[1387,1590,1117,1142]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">with large lobes on</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFBCC6657FBDB" box="[1628,1837,1117,1142]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">all distinct</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FBCC66A6FBDB" box="[1879,2012,1117,1142]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">uniramous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FB1066A6FB37" box="[162,2012,1153,1178]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FB10601CFB37" box="[162,358,1153,1178]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FB106041FB37" box="[162,315,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">&amp; Boyko, 2016</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFB106098FB37" box="[392,482,1153,1178]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">distorted</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FCE2FB10621EFB37" box="[785,868,1153,1178]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">concave</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FB106575FB37" box="[900,1039,1153,1178]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">3–7</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FB10643DFB37" box="[1184,1351,1153,1178]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">same size</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FA98FB10674CFB37" box="[1387,1590,1153,1178]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">each basis</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FB1066A6FB37" box="[1879,2012,1153,1178]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">uropods with</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FB3466A6FB13" box="[162,2012,1189,1214]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFB346098FB13" box="[392,482,1189,1214]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">dextrally</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FB3466A6FB13" box="[1879,2012,1189,1214]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">peduncle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FB5C66A6FB4A" box="[162,2012,1229,1255]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FB5C601CFB4A" box="[162,358,1229,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D225FFEEFF51FB5F604AFB4A" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[162,304,1230,1255]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FB5F604AFB4A" box="[162,304,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">F. grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFEC6FB5F602EFB4A" bold="true" box="[309,340,1230,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">sp.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFB5C6098FB4A" box="[392,482,1229,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">not</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FDF7FB5C6305FB4A" box="[516,639,1229,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">longer than</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FD57FB5C6392FB4A" box="[676,744,1229,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">1/4</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FCE2FB5C621EFB4A" box="[785,868,1229,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">concave</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FB5C6575FB4A" box="[900,1039,1229,1255]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pereomeres</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FBD9FB5C65FCFB4A" box="[1066,1158,1229,1255]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">4 articles</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FB5C643DFB4A" box="[1184,1351,1229,1255]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pereopods 1 and</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FA98FB5C674CFB4A" box="[1387,1590,1229,1255]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">without a large lobe</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFB5C6657FB4A" box="[1628,1837,1229,1255]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pleomeres 1–5</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FB5C66A6FB4A" box="[1879,2012,1229,1255]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">biramous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FB6066A6FAA6" box="[162,2012,1265,1291]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2250018FF51FB60601CFAA6" box="[162,358,1265,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D225FFEEFF51FB6361ABFAA6" bold="true" box="[162,209,1266,1291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">nov.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FE7BFB606098FAA6" box="[392,482,1265,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">distorted</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FDF7FB606305FAA6" box="[516,639,1265,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">wide</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FC77FB606575FAA6" box="[900,1039,1265,1291]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">3–4</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FB60643DFAA6" box="[1184,1351,1265,1291]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">7 smaller than</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFB606657FAA6" box="[1628,1837,1265,1291]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">distinctly separated.</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FB6066A6FAA6" box="[1879,2012,1265,1291]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">uropods</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FA8466A6FA83" box="[162,2012,1301,1326]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018FB53FA84643DFA83" box="[1184,1351,1301,1326]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">pereopods 2–6</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFA846657FA83" box="[1628,1837,1301,1326]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">Segmentation</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FA8466A6FA83" box="[1879,2012,1301,1326]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">without</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FAA866A6FAFF" box="[162,2012,1337,1362]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFAA86657FAFF" box="[1628,1837,1337,1362]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">between pleomeres</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F8A4FAA866A6FAFF" box="[1879,2012,1337,1362]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">peduncle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FACC66A6FADB" box="[162,2012,1373,1398]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFACC6657FADB" box="[1628,1837,1373,1398]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">5 and pleotelson</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2250018FF51FA1066A6FA37" box="[162,2012,1409,1434]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="164" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2250018F9AFFA106657FA37" box="[1628,1837,1409,1434]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="164">indistinct</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD226FFEDFF34FF4E62A1FEEC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
This is the second time that a hermit crab of the genus
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFCB9FF4E62C0FF54" box="[842,954,223,249]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Cancellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFCB9FF4E62C0FF54" box="[842,954,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Cancellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported as a host of the family
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFF64FE926075FEB0" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,271,259,285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bopyridae</taxonomicName>
, the first was
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFE46FE926553FEB0" authority="Williams &amp; Boyko, 2016" authorityName="Williams &amp; Boyko" authorityYear="2016" box="[437,1065,259,285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Claustrathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macdermotti">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFE46FE926384FEB0" box="[437,766,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Claustrathelges macdermotti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="087F4B7AD226FFEDFCF4FE926553FEB0" author="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B." box="[775,1065,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="33 - 69" refId="ref4582" refString="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. (2016) Abdominal bopyrid parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae: Athelginae) of diogenid hermit crabs from the western Pacific, with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 64, 33-69." type="journal article" year="2016">Williams &amp; Boyko, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="087F4B7AD226FFEDFBC9FE926426FEB0" author="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B." box="[1082,1372,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" pagination="33 - 69" refId="ref4582" refString="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. (2016) Abdominal bopyrid parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae: Athelginae) of diogenid hermit crabs from the western Pacific, with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 64, 33-69." type="journal article" year="2016">Williams &amp; Boyko 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The present new species is the first member of
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFD86FEB6625AFEEC" authorityName=", Boyko &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2003" box="[629,800,295,321]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFD86FEB6625AFEEC" box="[629,800,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Falsanathelges</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFC97FEB662AEFEEC" box="[868,980,295,321]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Cancellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFC97FEB662AEFEEC" box="[868,980,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Cancellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD226FFEDFF34FEDA65C6FE24" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
The species of
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFE80FEDA6364FEC8" authorityName=", Boyko &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2003" box="[371,542,331,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFE80FEDA6364FEC8" box="[371,542,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Falsanathelges</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be distributed further north than Southeast Asia and in waters deeper than the shallow subtidal zone. A detailed record of all species of the genus is given in
<tableCitation id="216C0330D226FFEDFB90FEFE65C2FE24" box="[1123,1208,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,239,440,464]" captionText="TABLE 2. Previous records and present study of species of Falsanathelges." pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="38916603D226FFEDFF64FE2962B9FE7D" box="[151,963,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" startId="10.[151,239,440,464]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD226FFEDFF64FE2962B9FE7D" blockId="10.[151,963,440,464]" box="[151,963,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF64FE296070FE7D" bold="true" box="[151,266,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Previous records and present study of species of
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFCEAFE2962C6FE7D" authorityName=", Boyko &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2003" box="[793,956,440,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFCEAFE2962C6FE7D" box="[793,956,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Falsanathelges</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD226FFEDFF50FE706252FC3F" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<table id="1EEEC42BD2260018FF50FE7064E8FC3F" box="[163,1426,481,914]" gridcols="5" gridrows="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FE7064E8FE54" box="[163,1426,481,505]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FE70602EFE54" box="[163,340,481,505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Parasite</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFE706366FE54" box="[380,540,481,505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Localities</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFE70629BFE54" box="[573,993,481,505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Hosts</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FBFFFE706505FE54" box="[1036,1151,481,505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Depths</th>
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FB5BFE7064E8FE54" box="[1192,1426,481,505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">References</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FD9864E8FD8C" box="[163,1426,521,545]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FD98602EFD8C" box="[163,340,521,545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFF50FD9B6069FD8C" baseAuthorityName="Nierstrasz &amp; Brender a Brandis" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[163,275,521,545]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FD9B6069FD8C" box="[163,275,521,545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">F. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFD986366FD8C" box="[380,540,521,545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Malaysia</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFD98629BFD8C" box="[573,993,521,545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFDAEFD9862DCFD8C" authority="Morgan" authorityName="Morgan" box="[605,934,521,545]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineapropodus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFDAEFD98622AFD8C" box="[605,848,521,545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Calcinus lineapropodus</emphasis>
Morgan
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FBFFFD986505FD8C" box="[1036,1151,521,545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">&lt;5 m</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FB5BFD9864E8FD8C" box="[1192,1426,521,545]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Nierstrasz &amp; Brender à</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FDBC64E8FDE8" box="[163,1426,557,581]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FDBC602EFDE8" box="[163,340,557,581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FDBC6069FDE8" box="[163,275,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">(Nierstrasz</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFDBC6366FDE8" box="[380,540,557,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">(type locality),</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFDBC629BFDE8" box="[573,993,557,581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
Forest, 1991,
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFD21FDBC62ADFDE8" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[722,983,557,581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Clibanarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infraspinatus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFD21FDBC62ADFDE8" box="[722,983,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Clibanarius infraspinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FB5BFDBC64E8FDE8" box="[1192,1426,557,581]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Brandis, 1931; Boyko</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FDC064E8FDC4" box="[163,1426,593,617]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FDC0602EFDC4" box="[163,340,593,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FDC06059FDC5" box="[163,291,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">&amp; Brender à</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFDC06366FDC4" box="[380,540,593,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Indonesia</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFDC0629BFDC4" box="[573,993,593,617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">(Hilgendorf, 1869)</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FB5BFDC064E8FDC4" box="[1192,1426,593,617]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">&amp; Williams, 2003</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FDE464E8FD20" box="[163,1426,629,653]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FDE4602EFD20" box="[163,340,629,653]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FDE46041FD20" box="[163,315,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Brandis, 1931)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FD0C64E8FD18" box="[163,1426,669,693]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FD0C602EFD18" box="[163,340,669,693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFF50FD0F607DFD18" authorityName="Williams &amp; Boyko" authorityYear="2016" box="[163,263,670,693]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FD0F607DFD18" box="[163,263,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">F. mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFD0C6366FD18" box="[380,540,669,693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Philippines</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFD0C629BFD18" box="[573,993,669,693]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFDB6FD0C6273FD18" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[581,777,669,693]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFDB6FD0C6273FD18" box="[581,777,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Calcinus gaimardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(H. Milne Edwards,
</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FBFFFD0C6505FD18" box="[1036,1151,669,693]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">&lt;5 m</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FB5BFD0C64E8FD18" box="[1192,1426,669,693]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Williams &amp; Boyko,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FD5064E8FD74" box="[163,1426,705,729]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FD50602EFD74" box="[163,340,705,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FD50606DFD74" box="[163,279,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Williams &amp;</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFD506366FD74" box="[380,540,705,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">(taype locality),</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFD50629BFD74" box="[573,993,705,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
1848),
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFD6DFD5362BEFD74" authority="Wooster, 1984" authorityName="Wooster" authorityYear="1984" box="[670,964,705,729]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guamensis">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFD6DFD53625CFD74" box="[670,806,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">C. guamensis</emphasis>
Wooster, 1984
</taxonomicName>
,
</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FB5BFD5064E8FD74" box="[1192,1426,705,729]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">2016</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FD7464E8FD50" box="[163,1426,741,765]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FD74602EFD50" box="[163,340,741,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FD74605BFD50" box="[163,289,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Boyko, 2016</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFD746366FD50" box="[380,540,741,765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Taiwan</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFD74629BFD50" box="[573,993,741,765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFDA1FD776229FD50" authority="(Randall, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[594,851,741,765]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFDA1FD7763D6FD50" box="[594,684,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">C. latens</emphasis>
(Randall, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFCADFD7762B6FD50" authorityName="Buitendijk" authorityYear="1937" box="[862,972,742,765]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFCADFD7762B6FD50" box="[862,972,742,765]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FC9864E8FC8C" box="[163,1426,777,801]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFC98629BFC8C" box="[573,993,777,801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
Buitendijk, 1937,
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFCDDFC9862DDFC8C" box="[814,935,777,801]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Clibanarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFCDDFC9862DDFC8C" box="[814,935,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Clibanarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FCBC64E8FCE8" box="[163,1426,813,837]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFCBC629BFCE8" box="[573,993,813,837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFD7BFCBF6278FCE8" box="[648,770,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">merguiensis</emphasis>
de Man, 1888
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FCC464E8FCC3" box="[163,1426,853,878]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FCC4602EFCC3" box="[163,340,853,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFF50FCC7604AFCC0" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[163,304,853,877]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FCC7604AFCC0" box="[163,304,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">F. grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFEC5FCC7602EFCC3" bold="true" box="[310,340,854,878]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">sp.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FE8FFCC46366FCC3" box="[380,540,853,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Japan</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFCC4629BFCC3" box="[573,993,853,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFDCEFCC462A7FCC0" authority="Forest &amp; McLaughlin" authorityName="Forest &amp; McLaughlin" authorityYear="1998" box="[573,989,853,878]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Cancellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayoae">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFDCEFCC4638DFCC0" box="[573,759,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Cancellus mayoae</emphasis>
Forest &amp; McLaughlin
</taxonomicName>
,
</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FBFFFCC46505FCC3" box="[1036,1151,853,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">163–167 m</td>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FB5BFCC464E8FCC3" box="[1192,1426,853,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">present study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2DE34C9D2260018FF50FCEB64E8FC3F" box="[163,1426,890,914]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="910F5DB5D2260018FF50FCEB602EFC3F" box="[163,340,890,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF50FCEB61ABFC3F" bold="true" box="[163,209,890,914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">nov.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="910F5DB5D2260018FDCEFCEB629BFC3F" box="[573,993,890,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">1998</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="24F46500D226FFEDFF34FC7B656EFBE1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6C51368BD226FFEDFF34FC7B6240FB85" blockId="10.[151,1436,1002,1100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFF34FC7B6034FBA9" bold="true" box="[199,334,1002,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is the Latin adjective
<taxonomicName id="ABEE4D08D226FFEDFCD0FC7B62E5FBA9" authorityName="Shinoda &amp; Fujita &amp; Nakano &amp; Shimomura" authorityYear="2025" box="[803,927,1002,1028]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Falsanathelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps">
<emphasis id="5E9AEA99D226FFEDFCD0FC7B62E5FBA9" box="[803,927,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">grandiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning large headed, in recognition of the size of the head being larger than other species of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C51368BD226FFEDFF34FBA3656EFBE1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1002,1100]" box="[199,1044,1074,1100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">The Japanese name comes from the host’s Japanese name, Yakko-yadokari.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>