From 4a9742539c268cff20f9c813620fd75900c7f7ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ggserver <ggserver@srv1.plazi.org>
Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2025 20:19:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-03-13 20:13:13

---
 .../2A/6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E.xml   | 1041 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 1041 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 data/6A/DC/2A/6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E.xml

diff --git a/data/6A/DC/2A/6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E.xml b/data/6A/DC/2A/6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19f1abd5d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/6A/DC/2A/6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1041 @@
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+<mods:mods id="ABFC64109CE1702A04DFF15E617F5FB5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
+<mods:titleInfo id="DABEB808EF1F84EDB18B08CF7D8EE9E5">
+<mods:title id="D79CE396BDB578EEA0094D5379643ED7">Description of a new species of Stauropathes (Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from Puerto Rico</mods:title>
+</mods:titleInfo>
+<mods:name id="8718A38EF5873082D701404F0B3F2C5B" type="personal">
+<mods:role id="18213EC3AF6562313FB2BF1736F09F33">
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+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="8460641981F9E728A05983190DD679E1">Horowitz, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="00BE3C4926617B595FB5549CB0B05029" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2643-5200</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="F9E3B5F45AB9633236FDC5DD26B0561E">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
+<mods:name id="34E76603741DC1AD30F3A88DE8BD2A78" type="personal">
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+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="33AAA9BC4058ECF1B7B1D49310E0C094">Barajas, Mina</mods:namePart>
+<mods:affiliation id="269DE694E662ED04E0DF2E10771909F5">Department of Zoology, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
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+<mods:role id="B376C5C4F0A0ECD12EDF56022F63D958">
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+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="BF8C8DED9CC8C200D365D28BEFD03EB2">McCartin, Luke J.</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="94CA4C5AE7BA40166EA0BE872F237D06" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5374-3148</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="FB93AE765D36416D2C7132CDD5D451EF">Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:namePart id="4F1A929F40DB67A5C76624ABC359AADA">Vohsen, Samuel A.</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="60EE747D1F1E9E8D7FE0E86EE66CFBD7" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1710-292X</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="3BEE991009588C981E86D715367E9182">Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA</mods:affiliation>
+</mods:name>
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+</mods:role>
+<mods:namePart id="17A226C3C9A74CDAB56D8B6C905165B1">Herrera, Santiago</mods:namePart>
+<mods:nameIdentifier id="2BB6D48DD9512542A558564393B925C4" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7204-9434</mods:nameIdentifier>
+<mods:affiliation id="78D03DD9242D6C511DF8F281EC85D529">Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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+<mods:part id="05D8D212307EE44C28E09C0EAC6D644B">
+<mods:date id="6ED6FA7090017CADDB8B58F772349736">2025</mods:date>
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+<mods:number id="14129DD282BC8DE18E9B3B7F008C8B23">2025-03-13</mods:number>
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+<mods:number id="0162919335A24D3761F9A6F6A24FE0AA">1231</mods:number>
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+<mods:identifier id="50EE558677FF85318EEE2AF7C704294C" type="ZooBank">4ECF017A-A679-4DAE-89BE-6606835C0F44</mods:identifier>
+</mods:mods>
+<treatment id="6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E" ID-arpha="6ADC2AFA-B9DC-5DCD-B5B1-CEF1B61F1C4E" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/86C16844-9D66-42CF-9337-CF9CED4A8375" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86C16844-9D66-42CF-9337-CF9CED4A8375" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Schizopathidae" scope_order="Antipatharia">
+<subSubSection id="F59B8F430AEBB2371818486B66E5A9B1" type="nomenclature">
+<paragraph id="310EFA23F42DE025B59C078636915027">
+<taxonomicName id="C23D3034E1339EF2D7A5EA495CCADD1E" authority="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="E86FCD08553A236D202935CDF1BF9C69" italics="true">Stauropathes monopinnata</emphasis>
+Horowitz &amp; Barajas
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFF5092395F94703E477FFB3353E30D3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="312B4584CB9C6E333A6909D663C7EE72" type="description">
+<paragraph id="FC6D14E05B9221AB8DFCD1401129D608">
+<figureCitation id="865AF295E512863BD55C9C9A67FB34B5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Locations where the holotype (yellow dot) and paratype (red dot) were collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279822">Figs 1</figureCitation>
+, 
+<figureCitation id="0A7E227D771D45659E2BE249EAC02BD2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3</figureCitation>
+, 
+<figureCitation id="CFDE73D89AFECCB9F39C0177EEA81DFB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A, B sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines C zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279825">4</figureCitation>
+, 
+<figureCitation id="53A56F3D12CE55E5242F8FB85E2AB153" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5</figureCitation>
+, 
+<figureCitation id="4BF54B85BFBF4EF7B29165B3B0301228" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of antipatharians of the families Schizopathidae and Cladopathidae based on a 50 % complete matrix containing 794 loci. Taxa in green rectangle represent the holotype and paratype specimens of the new species. Ultrafast Bootstrap support values are 100 % at all nodes unless noted with an asterisk (*). Red branches were artificially shortened and do not represent true branch length. The phylogeny rooted to Cladopathidae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279827">6</figureCitation>
+, 
+<tableCitation id="A98F6EB9007F278B66B4C586A2719A51" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of species in the genus Stauropathes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/297EC7266F7E105A468CA4F98453014E" tableUuid="297EC7266F7E105A468CA4F98453014E">Table 1</tableCitation>
+<xref id="EEC3495B41F5B69198DADA977F764131" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">, Suppl. material 1</xref>
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EFAAE" type="material">
+<paragraph id="A5FA403C0A143B7750489709202FE096">
+<heading id="E11C0F7543A7B82D0CFE8876DBECE33A" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E0D29FB5764B6A236D0E2272DE826F06">
+<materialsCitation id="D6730F098FB72BD601A9944FDB7E1B10" collectingDate="2023-04-29" collectionCode="SEM" country="Puerto Rico" elevation="738" latitude="17.8398" location="Whiting Bank" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-65.6976" specimenCode="USNM 1689279" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
+<emphasis id="0A0C8DCE052C9488DA367A2F38D3DC7E" bold="true" italics="true">
+<typeStatus id="851FB26C4FA2AF4A5763FF2189CBFEDE" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
+</emphasis>
+• 
+<specimenCode id="13970CD4F6D5B7B3B3BF053DCD427C75" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM 1689279</specimenCode>
+, 
+<location id="4A5A33E17020475A5545484974D7CDCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E:4A5A33E17020475A5545484974D7CDCA" country="Puerto Rico" county="SuBastian" latitude="17.8398" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-65.6976" municipality="Health" name="Whiting Bank">Whiting Bank</location>
+, 
+<collectingCountry id="1F23E7D744A54A6B67964779BE0C5B16" name="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
+, 
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ETAAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-65.697600,17.839800]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="FDE184CD1163A8A472927791C42636E9" degrees="17.8398" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.8398">17.8398°N</geoCoordinate>
+, 
+<geoCoordinate id="3C88940B2CEF4C423B19E37FF2B345A6" degrees="65.6976" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-65.6976">65.6976°W</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, 
+<elevation id="820D41AC3582C53E4228A43473F1CE0E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.38" unit="m" value="738.0">
+<quantity id="C094BFF1ECCD2BE55869225A33ABE218" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.38" unit="m" value="738.0">738 m</quantity>
+depth
+</elevation>
+. Schmidt Ocean Institute R/V 
+<emphasis id="9BAE280FE40F907214E0E665453FD82E" italics="true">Falkor (too)</emphasis>
+, FKt 230417, Health diagnostic of deep-sea coral, ROV 
+<emphasis id="55E14E3DE30C3946E7F01D134096D599" italics="true">SuBastian</emphasis>
+dive 518, 
+<date id="8639695B8354A1CAE69061B963AF9111" value="2023-04-29">
+<collectingDate id="45B2AE8CC8D0F16EB0C958C606C8600F" value="2023-04-29">April 29, 2023</collectingDate>
+</date>
+(
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3AAE" xlink_title="scanning electron microscope">SEM</abbrev>
+stub No. 538)
+</materialsCitation>
+. 
+<materialsCitation id="39E7F5785D8A9404B3B883CE5F96848F" collectingDate="2016-03-05" collectionCode="SEM" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" elevation="1604" latitude="26.65" location="Hawaii" longLatPrecision="4996" longitude="-175.4" specimenCode="USNM 1424060" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
+<emphasis id="73F91125C95AEEF6A6E9D730717E1A34" bold="true" italics="true">
+<typeStatus id="FA1227C5DD44254D94625E646F51C74B" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
+</emphasis>
+• 
+<specimenCode id="031B570A02C16C12F38CCB810B3BE2F7">USNM 1424060</specimenCode>
+, 
+<locationDeviation id="FB4825871262B204F25939CD1B905809">250 km southeast of</locationDeviation>
+<collectingCountry id="25FFF16786E82481C067B78639F77784" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
+, 
+<location id="91F9B82358C71A91B035EB49ED0AF84B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6ADC2AFAB9DC5DCDB5B1CEF1B61F1C4E:91F9B82358C71A91B035EB49ED0AF84B" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" latitude="26.65" longLatPrecision="4996" longitude="-175.4" name="Hawaii">Hawaii</location>
+, 
+<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EGBAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-175.400000,26.650000]}">
+<geoCoordinate id="484B66D23F0AB7B4C4A5F0064CAFDD71" degrees="26.65" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="26.65">26.65°N</geoCoordinate>
+, 
+<geoCoordinate id="E4E3BDFB49AB55AAFD8182EFAC3B6747" degrees="175.4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-175.4">175.4°W</geoCoordinate>
+</named-content>
+, 
+<elevation id="64ED26D651AB23A9CAB48311BE383161" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6039999999999999" unit="m" value="1604.0">
+<quantity id="148353279B68EE99F686D6598A4C66FB" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6039999999999999" unit="m" value="1604.0">1604 m</quantity>
+depth
+</elevation>
+. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) R/V 
+<emphasis id="81264FFD49466D57862876D5A4D9BE23" italics="true">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
+, Cruise EX 1603, Hohonu Moana: Exploring Deep Waters off Hawaii, ROV 
+<emphasis id="4840589F136E86F5B39624D7382EF574" italics="true">Deep Discoverer</emphasis>
+dive 5, 
+<date id="6FE952B6E6848032335BB40BA9D780C5" value="2016-03-05">
+<collectingDate id="9CC2BF39B4B696B6CD78E3EB9D53FF31" value="2016-03-05">March 5, 2016</collectingDate>
+</date>
+(
+<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPBAE" xlink_title="scanning electron microscope">SEM</abbrev>
+stub 539)
+</materialsCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0ETBAE" type="type locality">
+<paragraph id="7C4910B175B2A0401CA8D581B8FBFCD1">
+<heading id="A0143726A314CF5DA33B3BBB48FFBA09" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="F3F64DB0D1B160F98B8237241F452357">
+Whiting Bank, 
+<collectingCountry id="90DA975B97EBD7E516D30B8DA6EA8988" name="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
+, 
+<quantity id="AFC12307965B8194CB592494EEB52988" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.38" unit="m" value="738.0">738 m</quantity>
+depth.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EYBAE" type="diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="7369F1948C029CBAFCD0BE1E76967815">
+<heading id="30274D4BBDE757DCB15DB833C93A55DC" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="EB6D00A14075E20E95039A0F498AB4FC">
+Corallum monopodial, planar, unbranched, and pinnulate to the first order. Pinnules in two anterolateral rows and arranged in subopposite (almost opposite) pairs. Lowermost pinnules on stem 
+<quantity id="77CB8AA4FDA62E9FD8749950A33132AE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
+or more in length, decreasing in length towards apex of colony. Spines smooth and triangular with a rounded apex, 
+<quantity id="E3F7E397F01EEF487DD7DC14ED6E2D55" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
+tall. Polyps 
+<quantity id="D3241DE661042651E02CD6C5446C779F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="4.0">4–9 mm</quantity>
+in transverse diameter, 
+<quantity id="069D32EF8090760F7BBF6180DB1A8202" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
+interpolypar space, four to eight polyps counted per 
+<quantity id="56160A7207B419FDF0A57B660F1C8421" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0E4BAE" type="description">
+<paragraph id="460D905BA9408125B97A91509DB2B665">
+<heading id="DE417AFA6D551633469F36BB105E4AEB" reason="title">
+Description of 
+<typeStatus id="85A902891CA5D95231762F4EAE46D022" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="BFDB76B2C04DF354374401770D380A6C">
+The 
+<typeStatus id="D3915CB537C381AD80FBE64A6661C4DF" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+(
+<specimenCode id="DD564D5DBFF4B381DBC1FD2E8C81D22E">
+<collectionCode id="8A5C3E0DDE1903272B39ABC7D3EE4D01" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1689279
+</specimenCode>
+) is a 
+<quantity id="13F5309DCE4022F9D06E69B0DDBFF827" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
+tall monopodial colony (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="4F149246B1641EA97C28513614323E1C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 A – C</figureCitation>
+). The unpinnulated section is about 
+<quantity id="5AA54A906D988833DF4968A6356799F7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
+based on in situ imagery because the basal plate and lowermost section of unpinnulated stem were not collected (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="5C0BBFD615EBAFCE28A75B12912F2541" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 C</figureCitation>
+). The pinnulated section is 
+<quantity id="64A9C4A8CAF1DC10934848CFA4A78F22" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
+in length. Pinnules are simple, arranged in two anterolateral rows and in subopposite pairs (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="A20C622E1CBFC83392EB004BF7BEAC5A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 A, B</figureCitation>
+). The pinnules are curved towards the abpolypar side of the colony. The lowermost pinnules on the stem are 
+<quantity id="8E9F6283CCF1F84878750D716175F0B1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" unit="cm" value="8.3">8.3 cm</quantity>
+in length, pinnules midway up the pinnulated section of the stem are 
+<quantity id="19DE51D18977AE48152CDA7A1690517C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
+in length, and the uppermost pinnules on the stem are 
+<quantity id="E3A051EF5C5F8C6073B49FA38B3C3D01" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="cm" value="4.2">4.2 cm</quantity>
+in length. Diameter of the lowermost pinnule near the base of the pinnule is ~ 
+<quantity id="19F9478EE67F6EC4B6E4948B67C38FEA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+. Distance between pinnules in one row ranges from 
+<quantity id="724BE37B63BB0E67A19ED71D6E0EB131" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3 to 1.7 cm</quantity>
+and distance between pinnules of the same pair (i. e., on opposite sides of the stem) is &lt;
+<quantity id="B8FFA77EAC71F33AD4FE8106E7D4D8EB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+, in some cases nearly opposite (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="0A755526A45A2E4F27B873101E131492" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 B</figureCitation>
+). Eight pinnules can be counted per 
+<quantity id="A900B3AF59F1A2C40DF4A6487A2975C5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+including pinnules in both rows. The distal angle of pinnules is 80–90 ° except for the uppermost pinnules, which are about 45 ° (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="EAC446849EC1694F6AE04FEE296C6413" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 A – C</figureCitation>
+), and the interior angle formed by the subopposite pinnules is 160–180 ° (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="DD945DF9780F50DEBD7C1D5388C0328A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 A</figureCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="109CCCF65008C862254621B25B54932D" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" ID-arpha="821C8A90-B378-5433-930B-CDE0D9298F88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824" startId="F3">
+<paragraph id="6F33AA30451A2B30B0C6123B907059A9">
+<label id="5CB32B3F5E14788367D3BB6F548BCEAC">Figure 3.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="AB7DE22C4541CFFBE354223E1BACF182">
+<taxonomicName id="72175F719BBA9708E199D183802D7391" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="F8552044AFDA5459E07E161C5728575B" italics="true">Stauropathes monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="6B4BB8301B906567218826B6C9A7377C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+holotype: 
+<specimenCode id="93192009D83D2E9631C163544375D00E">USNM 1689279</specimenCode>
+<emphasis id="159975622950BF6A8DF6C71490F1356E" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+collected colony with 
+<emphasis id="C0424848B1B2943524949FFED7C12F94" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern 
+<emphasis id="6310331ED817558C8D3894074F857D06" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+in situ image of colony 
+<emphasis id="A0149F4699643405EF430E4BD209E453" bold="true">D</emphasis>
+in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics 
+<emphasis id="E8F1F96FC1ECCC19414D6EF4FAD27790" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="F216E6C307C47618005906793C39A028">
+Polyps are arranged in a single row (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="1D11080C7B7554583609FA22A250C83E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 C, D</figureCitation>
+). Polyps are 
+<quantity id="A5D2AB087B68EABCB8901EB76DAB0A73" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
+in the transverse diameter with 
+<quantity id="39B78B44F70D8BC18CA8576C04272B39" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
+interpolypar space, resulting in polypar density ranging from 4 to 5 per 
+<quantity id="4D61049CD83098DF1BBC733E62EFBAEE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+(Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="9371494B0A4C6A2DE3A4FB3E07943B9A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A collected colony with B blue rectangle showing zoomed-in view of pinnule pattern C in situ image of colony D in situ image of colony showing zoomed-in view of polyp characteristics E section of pinnule showing polyp characteristics." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279824">3 E</figureCitation>
+). Based on in situ imagery, tentacles exceed 
+<quantity id="EB05F0931D187867ACAB0C4E510A34CC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
+when fully extended and the tissue color is dark red, and when preserved is dark red to dark brown.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="70FF7CEDD41060345AB3A4EDB22DF2A0">
+Spines (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="201EEF49E20C3964348B2C989F3F9D7A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A, B sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines C zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279825">4 A – C</figureCitation>
+) are smooth and triangular with a rounded apex (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="F359BF599C37C951C382C15B21A990E1" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A, B sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines C zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279825">4 C</figureCitation>
+) that is at right angles to the axis or slightly inclined distally, with long and sloping distal and proximal edges. Polypar and abpolypar spines are 
+<quantity id="CF3E7A1D48A697E1DA2F8448204E3365" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.04" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.03">0.03 to 0.05 mm</quantity>
+tall. The spines on pinnules are arranged in longitudinal rows, six to seven of which can be seen in one view (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="4F58AD0912832A878E23DE8DA2BE69DB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A, B sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines C zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279825">4 A, B</figureCitation>
+). Spines are spaced 
+<quantity id="5BACF1EEB9B20C186D3524E6A2562B8E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.33" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.33 mm</quantity>
+apart in a row, with about four to five spines per mm (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="694107DE791C103E21B88C2BD9BE0090" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. holotype: USNM 1689279 A, B sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines C zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279825">4 A, B</figureCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="9BE43118380936C527C3E95A80F4BF6E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure4" ID-arpha="5FC943F9-31ED-5690-8697-8F8F0BB9ADCD" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279825" startId="F4">
+<paragraph id="54CF4B36084D7543B8726391F659418E">
+<label id="7691814B5722AF357A50C555CB0110AE">Figure 4.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="C70A0E7651DF757E91F2AD2E4DCDFE97">
+<taxonomicName id="619C5921A5DE5A1941FA37000512C176" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="6F64FE40AAD2E0A9B914515D20D77D43" italics="true">Stauropathes monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="51FCC977886DD0CBD85F391DA13B368D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+holotype: 
+<specimenCode id="97154EB44B5C3922501A16B93BC89DE8">USNM 1689279</specimenCode>
+<emphasis id="522BB58EFF8E2F0EEE1EABAF1C87BAEE" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
+sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines 
+<emphasis id="117B030CC3F27E68D2594262B898428D" bold="true">C</emphasis>
+zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EVFAE" type="description">
+<paragraph id="F5D231C3947E3FD2BB6A207D3A982895">
+<heading id="CC5704EE7DEEF883AC67DCB55FDBC650" reason="title">
+Description of the 
+<typeStatus id="897FD0DFC6C4E7E690895050B6BD4EE6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+.
+</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="3665DC11EB922A1F97DB9CA2A3CD2D0E">
+The 
+<typeStatus id="88B141FB855BC88F519C0D661B8DCAED" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+(
+<specimenCode id="0475BB49D568DECFA76FBB728D8FBA1B">
+<collectionCode id="BACA60A79148B501398A55CAEC5662EB" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1424060
+</specimenCode>
+) is a 
+<quantity id="24E5C9EF9AD771EB6B999B8C31247D06" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
+tall colony (lowermost section of stem not collected) and the pinnulated section of stem is 
+<quantity id="5FFF5267FD58402E72DD1B6C8D6E6CFE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
+(Fig, 5 A). Based on in situ imagery (
+<ext-link id="E0E8D0CC8609DA27F8BA47DE5EED9A7A" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://data.oceannetworks.ca/SeaTube?resourceTypeId=1000&amp;resourceId=23621&amp;diveId=3000&amp;time=2016-03-06T00:56:55.000Z" xlink_type="simple">
+https://data.oceannetworks.ca/SeaTube?resourceTypeId=1000&amp;resourceId=23621&amp;diveId=3000&amp;time= 
+<date id="61DC4F0C79F4853599DEF96CCB4A9651" value="2016-06-03">2016-03-06</date>
+T00:56:55.000Z
+</ext-link>
+), the whole colony was approximated to be ~ 
+<quantity id="C7210224C09A67977DAD60F59295079B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
+in length and the unpinnulated section of stem was ~ 
+<quantity id="1DE021D67C417FE79D2320B6EDC19B8A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
+in length. Striatum is present and distinct from the lower broken-off end of the stem to the lowermost pair of pinnules. Pinnules are simple, arranged in anterolateral rows and in subopposite pairs (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="B6166C245EFC9B187D3C1ADC73BC24A8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 A</figureCitation>
+). The lowermost pinnules are 2.5 and 3.0 cm long; however, based on in situ imagery (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="E54563D9AD993D5541BF75797539EA63" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 B</figureCitation>
+) the lowermost pinnules were the longest on the colony prior to subsampling. Pinnules midway up the pinnulated section of the stem are 8.0 cm long and the most distal pinnules are 
+<quantity id="95E4CD4CC99C4FB1AFDBE4DB737C9731" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
+long (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="327B4B0F49B2B60D67505CEB2532DDF5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 A</figureCitation>
+). Diameter near the base of the pinnule is ~ 
+<quantity id="FC1352AE51AAF657C8B265531E5900E2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+. Distance between pinnules in one row ranges from 
+<quantity id="A45F816D51C2300FB7383E17530DB44E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="cm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2 to 1.4 cm</quantity>
+and distance between members of the subopposite pairs is &lt;
+<quantity id="8651D3CCF834EC4837A77CAB52FF6DB5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
+(Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="81E869687DBC22C250D58C8BF2C80E9D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 A</figureCitation>
+). In some cases, the members of a pair appear to be directly opposite to one another. Ten pinnules can be counted per 
+<quantity id="44E10F7F4310182B85A4D361D718B14B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+including pinnules in both rows (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="D57638DA74D1422E7D64A675323C4717" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 A</figureCitation>
+). Distal angle of pinnules is 80–90 ° and the interior angle formed between pinnules of a subopposite pair is 160–180 ° (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="737C487293FC97CEE15ED080D07BF089" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 A</figureCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="2F7099058CFD5A1ECD4444D610B865BF" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" ID-arpha="4F55D5C5-ACAE-5C82-A1B5-EAC2263D2B63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826" startId="F5">
+<paragraph id="6C6F2B3DD48AB70F48A08D741B27A86D">
+<label id="CA4A267EFDECC90DCC026EE38F9B1EF0">Figure 5.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="E95069AB2BBCFA5898CAEAC596F2E0F2">
+<taxonomicName id="40AC2FC2EF74664507363BF1A9A37D5A" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="0CF0E3364E821A8456277A569CD6B40E" italics="true">Stauropathes monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="8F9A21178E319394CE40E8EEC75D3BA1" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+paratype (
+<specimenCode id="3DCC9E75BC4FFF3725298B1845C1C5ED">USNM 1424060</specimenCode>
+) 
+<emphasis id="419993322086FCDCE961814980DC0FA8" bold="true">A</emphasis>
+collected colony 
+<emphasis id="0F915867E6EAB887959ABE72DECAF41D" bold="true">B</emphasis>
+in situ image of colony 
+<emphasis id="1E3A925C7E9186667386C3F3D6D442CF" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
+sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines 
+<emphasis id="370973C65DF555FEF1458DA33AD19551" bold="true">E</emphasis>
+zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<caption id="A0FF165B82D3D05CA8247B38DCEA891C" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure6" ID-arpha="A3040933-09D7-559F-9898-AB19B96AC130" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279827" startId="F6">
+<paragraph id="21620AFB3B61F097E9B559679C39B851">
+<label id="60363B690F92957A6463A503A8ABEDDF">Figure 6.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="CB63649436DA6B16C0DB8316AB5D162A">
+Maximum likelihood phylogeny of antipatharians of the families 
+<taxonomicName id="22085C1D991CF4BDEC4EBA4EDBFCA70D" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Schizopathidae</taxonomicName>
+and 
+<taxonomicName id="8C1CB39B3C96049C9136743BF2065D98" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Cladopathidae</taxonomicName>
+based on a 50 % complete matrix containing 794 loci. Taxa in green rectangle represent the holotype and paratype specimens of the new species. Ultrafast Bootstrap support values are 100 % at all nodes unless noted with an asterisk (*). Red branches were artificially shortened and do not represent true branch length. The phylogeny rooted to 
+<taxonomicName id="BABC5FF161077194DAC6FFC59D00CD79" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Cladopathidae</taxonomicName>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="2B8ED6822C567B5A7E64AAF6F6AEAF35">
+Polyps are arranged in a single row and are 
+<quantity id="ABED83AE05E1633F5CE227EF87B148C2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
+in transverse diameter with an interpolypar space of 
+<quantity id="02149E127EA6CD0E5442C86C3C0E152B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
+. Polypar density ranges from seven to eight per 
+<quantity id="69F200903BC17F347133647AC461595C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+. Based on in situ imagery, the tissue is dark red, and when preserved, it is brown to dark brown (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="2B6191ACE6BDF1DE6D3F479B2971127D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 B</figureCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="688C7BAEACDE9972FEE3219197E503D9">
+Spines are smooth, laterally compressed, and triangular with a rounded apex (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="50B617B37E8F94EBA5BCBCEC38699807" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 C – E</figureCitation>
+). Spines are 
+<quantity id="3B4935CAA7C579866C017C77C2AA5127" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.06 mm</quantity>
+tall. The spines on pinnules are arranged in longitudinal rows, seven to eight of which can be seen in one view (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="1E6E490A234C1CBFDD61C23BF765DE9E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 C, D</figureCitation>
+). Spines are spaced 
+<quantity id="212E0C03E975BAE407332033BABB32DB" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9499999999999997" metricValueMax="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMin="2.3000000000000003" unit="mm" value="0.295" valueMax="0.36" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.36 mm</quantity>
+apart in a row with about three to four spines per mm (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="18E42481F1E8FFE134E7D4D1187C42F8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5 C, D</figureCitation>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EIJAE" type="Intraspecies variation">
+<paragraph id="0395066C56C8B7ED7A00B8BC6AF83603">
+<heading id="21D74339E0A68B82102E7BD42BE0847C" reason="title">Intraspecies variation.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="53FEA5543629DD6413FF601E34CC6792">
+Both specimens possess simple pinnules with wide distal angles, arranged in slightly anterolateral rows, and in subopposite pairs that are almost opposite. Spacing between pinnules in one row is wide in both specimens: ≤ 
+<quantity id="77F6B8CEEFA8749DC8C89CE7296BB6A9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="cm" value="1.7">1.7 cm</quantity>
+in the 
+<typeStatus id="DDC0108A11F685E8DCC8566A506B4372" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+and ≤ 
+<quantity id="F74DAA512A193F2E56B970BC7823726D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
+in the 
+<typeStatus id="8D0BA6D40A60298277E0CAA59576C800" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+, resulting in eight and ten pinnules per 
+<quantity id="B7E41A06C987F99CC5622871C4BA3573" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+. The spines on both specimens are short (≤ 
+<quantity id="6AFBBC9477E4419D2979FCC7A797EDE6" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
+tall), smooth, triangular with a rounded apex, and arranged in longitudinal rows, seven to eight of which are visible in lateral view. Tissue color is similar for both specimens; dark red in situ and a dark red-to-brown when preserved.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="FF612B8787F2A55EA2669E4F1BBE7671">
+A minor difference between the 
+<typeStatus id="69DED08D5262E8E3D910D52EF6F72001" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+and 
+<typeStatus id="3DBDFD5591D8D2B19DBAACF13C3BA933" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+is that based on in situ footage, the 
+<typeStatus id="A5D16967F5FD38566675F35169FF8DA5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+pinnules are more rigid than the 
+<typeStatus id="CD12ADF7667D8DAFF010DA52B78DC583" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+. A major difference between the 
+<typeStatus id="FB61E632F76D97F75C5C9BD629B3FD7E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+and 
+<typeStatus id="5D83FAA5526F763EF020F29E185C8E81" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+is their polyp characteristics, where the 
+<typeStatus id="B72F890F0E365B18BCE37CDB35BBE13B" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+has polyps 
+<quantity id="668077D3AB09C9B3E104179598D97095" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
+in transverse diameter with 
+<quantity id="9EEDEBA0E48135D86243D260F7A8D613" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
+interpolypar space, resulting in a density of four to five polyps per 
+<quantity id="88A684BA4935A55885DFEBE5B126C0B5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+, while the paratype’s smaller polyps are 
+<quantity id="035308B6BF001F0078D395D6C007F424" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
+in transverse diameter with 
+<quantity id="7FF6A1459A6BA08413EBA0A311A22E69" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="cm" value="0.2">0.2 cm</quantity>
+interpolypar space, resulting in a higher density of seven to eight per 
+<quantity id="FB24E6C75B247C4B46EFA56D80E24681" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
+. This is a notable difference that could be interpreted as the 
+<typeStatus id="5F14F9731A05886BC48DDC64388AE1CF" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+and 
+<typeStatus id="66967E9BEC164F5D7A1A9650B9283239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+representing different species. However, without additional specimens possessing similar morphological traits as these specimens with differing-sized polyps, it is premature to describe these 
+<specimenCount id="C3C71924E98FC90B2B3B94CE4FA3EF66" count="2" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
+as polyp size could vary within the species.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EOJAE" type="Phylogenetic results">
+<paragraph id="C8EBFD2BBA55D99FE6EC1D15369B9715">
+<heading id="AF3C3157D66E2117C6DA46C2A04AF3B7" reason="title">Phylogenetic results.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="42F90FDDFA7533059C102121330CB57B">
+A total of 63–1052 conserved element loci were obtained per specimen. Total number of contigs ranged from 234,560 to 439,048,041 base pairs (bp) (average lengths ranged from 109 to 953 bp). The 50 % taxon-occupancy matrix included 794 loci that were concatenated into an alignment with a total length of 385,232 bp. A 75 % taxon-occupancy matrix, including 465 loci, was also run to compare results, and the topology in the region of the trees, including the new species, did not change. Read and locus summary statistics are detailed in Suppl. material 
+<xref id="F442564458F60D5F24907BB0D247826B" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">1</xref>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="A62C79286467576FEFC7CA757BD969E0">
+The 
+<specimenCount id="FA35D5E4207F52FF53178DCC8A2090C6" count="2" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
+representing the new species with 100 % branch support fell sister to the clade containing 
+<taxonomicName id="55F126C1860659C2097F2843995AA93A" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
+<emphasis id="826C598D109B829AF5F9053DE45BC998" italics="true">Stauropathes staurocrada</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="AE398AC8B0BEDDB8A60A5E4B2EC83125">
+<collectionCode id="E2C8813D77D906FEBDA774661374254D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+98846
+</specimenCode>
+species- and genus-level 
+<typeStatus id="4240639AA66B94F62509F7A8C2FEDA15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+specimen, and 
+<specimenCode id="20619A4EF9C544ADE773D17FBBC0145B">
+<collectionCode id="DFF471FC887BFDC825BF23C64801C4A6" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1071042
+</specimenCode>
+) (Fig. 
+<figureCitation id="9D841542B2A1A00DE7DE050A2B1A8D6E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Stauropathes monopinnata sp. nov. paratype (USNM 1424060) A collected colony B in situ image of colony C, D sections of pinnules showing skeletal spines E zoomed-in view of a singular skeletal spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279826">5</figureCitation>
+), supporting our decision to place the new species in 
+<taxonomicName id="61CFB3F923FBA7EDA881E4B267C0FFB8" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="9127ADEB8A44694EBA4887565194D55D" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. This clade also contains 
+<taxonomicName id="7D62A14D7BEB643BE7EAEAEE4EF26E6E" authority="(Roule, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
+<emphasis id="831B984E4720A0156BADF9847DCF756E" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+cf. 
+<emphasis id="512A1643E565744E36E4CCF73AAB8FB0" italics="true">punctata</emphasis>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="FEFBB2198415C6BB54F4EAD64796B638" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.59328" author="Roule L" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince De Monaco" pagination="1-100" refId="B26" refString="Roule L (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recuellis par S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco dans L' Atlantique nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince De Monaco 30: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59328" title="Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recuellis par S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco dans L’ Atlantique nord." volume="30" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
+)
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="1408E296595F6C79F8CE921590DC4A13">
+<collectionCode id="E5370CCDAAC39F969E8074330C0E10D6" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1606527
+</specimenCode>
+), 
+<taxonomicName id="19BCB4E919E530C6D814D29878435614" authority="Opresko, 2019" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2019" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
+<emphasis id="EDF27231D4B3D7A12E9D854ADA7DA95A" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+cf. 
+<emphasis id="D962D2AC4D8DC0BF5A90BB8C1EE22D43" italics="true">stellata</emphasis>
+<bibRefCitation id="B1CEDC00C0F4021361C4F92A034AB60F" DOI="10.1080/03014223.2019.1650783" author="Opresko DM" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pagination="149-186" refId="B21" refString="Opresko DM (2019) New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the New Zealand region, part 2. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 47: 149-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2019.1650783" title="New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the New Zealand region, part 2." volume="47" year="2019">Opresko, 2019</bibRefCitation>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="7075B8F14F54DD6CC83EC38682F90C7F">
+<collectionCode id="A58506C5FE4A3F9FB0B89D1D73F0B479" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1424179
+</specimenCode>
+), and 
+<taxonomicName id="07AF85C59D54E54D2824822BC5B7C599" authorityName="Opresko &amp; Molodtsova" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alaskensis">
+<emphasis id="7E8CA14302937041EB091591207F7282" italics="true">Bathypathes alaskensis</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<specimenCode id="FEF4F3BC2AE20D1C1E9BD48C7C0B3F36">
+<collectionCode id="7EE29CACD17247B5ADC5016A9340D38B" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1013749
+</specimenCode>
+).
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EVLAE" type="Comparative diagnosis">
+<paragraph id="0B2A243B5CD6022EF5A338CC96C3F558">
+<heading id="14A2EBB7869F35CC20153055DBC2FA5B" reason="title">Comparative diagnosis.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="394DA7D6E77E2446B7E6F584E637BE83">
+<taxonomicName id="054EDF1AE55A247B012B33313D433448" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="959DD7AE63890ABA2D13D62DB0BEAE67" italics="true">Stauropathes monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFBCC95CCDEEC0683A7710B870D7E018" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+differs from the four other species in the genus morphologically. The most prominent difference is that the new species is unbranched whereas the other species are branched. The new species also has wider distances between pinnules in a row; reaching 
+<quantity id="8990D8F30080FC7DBB93E8910966D8DD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="cm" value="1.7">1.7 cm</quantity>
+in the 
+<typeStatus id="A445F58B88D58E99D51ACBE8EF81ADA8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+compared to a maximum of 
+<quantity id="90030F7052F43B9F710D9B48E47F9FEE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
+in 
+<taxonomicName id="281EE7ADC73C357DF82E5248E5532D4A" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
+<emphasis id="ADDB27A6A1AAB77E0BDE9BCA14BD6FB2" italics="true">S. staurocrada</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and 
+<taxonomicName id="DBEB4292F3027F196F71D53C2EA3A37F" authority="(Lutken, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">
+<emphasis id="08DA21F29D0A8ADB2BC6D7F707146BE7" italics="true">S. arctica</emphasis>
+(
+<bibRefCitation id="A9769F44CF5310C6724CD462797D450B" author="Lütken C" journalOrPublisher="Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger" pagination="18-26" refId="B18" refString="Lutken C (1871) Antipathes antarctica, en ny Sortkoral fra Polarhavet. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger 2: 18-26." title="Antipathes antarctica, en ny Sortkoral fra Polarhavet. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger." volume="2" year="1871">Lütken, 1871</bibRefCitation>
+)
+</taxonomicName>
+, and 
+<quantity id="0ECA976379F0239504E29EA98C8C4C9F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
+in 
+<taxonomicName id="6D6BF0F838F7E6639E1733D4170283DC" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2019" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
+<emphasis id="2082B2FFD1280D2FE7D7DF7B26E05E18" italics="true">S. stellata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+and 
+<taxonomicName id="AAFC91C461AA5F7B7A7F0CE82076969B" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
+<emphasis id="88A3CB6BC51BEF670F08EDC1A5B1E0FC" italics="true">S. punctata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. Four of the species in the genus possess small spine heights less than 
+<quantity id="B7A998F0348E04272583BEA10F4B1C5F" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
+(spine measurements were not reported for the type of 
+<taxonomicName id="F09DF8401FA333D414BDCED1F8CBC7A0" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
+<emphasis id="CA8174EFBEABFD04D9C48A7020814BB4" italics="true">S. punctata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+). The species however, differ in the number of rows of spines that can be seen in one lateral view of a pinnule. The number of rows for the new species (six to eight visible on a pinnule diameter of 
+<quantity id="A86ECB349672AEC1FD267FC16C9A6ED1" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
+) is greater than that for 
+<taxonomicName id="7DA622F9511FAECECCB0749EAC645CAB" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
+<emphasis id="B402E4B12ABB6D628B10AEDF7721C9CB" italics="true">S. staurocrada</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(four to six on pinnule diameter of 
+<quantity id="660E2DDFD4AD6EC520B62F72061934AD" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
+) and 
+<taxonomicName id="93EE424534E9602554AE7A08AC5540B7" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2019" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
+<emphasis id="71096260E8AA42EB75B2EC7F8017E7C3" italics="true">S. stellata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(three to four on pinnule diameter of 
+<quantity id="35AF3385AB61E1F74D66A9021E08D875" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
+) and less than 
+<taxonomicName id="D35E460F8C27D18019F3CF931FE6BE73" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">
+<emphasis id="8B46A38F641641CF6507FC0CF33FB790" italics="true">S. arctica</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(nine to ten on pinnule diameter of 
+<quantity id="8E681A0F6777CFF2143D091689A799A5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
+). The new species also has polyps that are 
+<quantity id="123BC514C0E5A562CA2821679C3F6505" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 9 mm</quantity>
+in transverse diameter, equal to or larger than 
+<taxonomicName id="B2B44AB12264A0F2F1EE5E84A7C2646E" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
+<emphasis id="B0BA2E4B2F66BFEEDD23CD09E12BF454" italics="true">S. staurocrada</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<quantity id="B095CF82690783BFB7C760446CB74C6C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
+), and the range includes polyps of 
+<taxonomicName id="2D0FB4B2557376CF31E4C86C955801E5" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2019" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
+<emphasis id="56C12C3DD458603C7AC8993BEF130DC8" italics="true">S. stellata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<quantity id="B56F7C6662398FD03BB44880F484C3CA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
+) and 
+<taxonomicName id="A03521508C449429940E5FD8CB7DA1D9" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">
+<emphasis id="CC92773F7292E1A3858D1E01BD18B6F4" italics="true">S. arctica</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+(
+<quantity id="AB2878FDCABC6A5D0CEEEF08B5EC4EB3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
+). The transverse diameter of the polyps was not reported for 
+<taxonomicName id="F3F45F668A77E0A08467AD616E3FA7EA" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
+<emphasis id="129452007360754E16C1090F3EB5B1D8" italics="true">S. punctata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. A complete comparison of the morphological features of 
+<taxonomicName id="CE66A3C26FCACEE6FC8CD6E03E615895">
+<emphasis id="D13F5467EB19D7D3F4E7EC6F3FFC1E03" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+species
+</taxonomicName>
+can be found in Table 
+<tableCitation id="BE61EFB364E1983C028BA0CB8FCAC713" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of species in the genus Stauropathes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/297EC7266F7E105A468CA4F98453014E" tableUuid="297EC7266F7E105A468CA4F98453014E">1</tableCitation>
+.
+</paragraph>
+<caption id="297EC7266F7E105A468CA4F98453014E" ID-Table-UUID="297EC7266F7E105A468CA4F98453014E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/297EC7266F7E105A468CA4F98453014E" startId="T1" targetIsTable="true">
+<paragraph id="865F37FA9797D5E8AF3DFD0E576E197C">
+<label id="A7EDFB113033DA1BEC123627A40F2C3C">Table 1.</label>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="EBC126841D1534CCF2EE904874CF73FD">
+Comparison of species in the genus 
+<taxonomicName id="9CC2E1D23FC401F78DF86D2A1DCE61D5" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="1D4D97B27DF51AF7D2CF76F726305E60" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+.
+</paragraph>
+</caption>
+<paragraph id="84AAA2659E09FFED80A0F2B39EE2561E">
+<table id="TID0E6UAG" rules="all">
+<tbody id="262A2944B88AB2805BBA69A0047F1CAC">
+<tr id="C6B82E5BA4DB76ED40D083A1C0364979">
+<th id="1B0B1A45507D32BEF5B872EA2BF3679F" colspan="1" rowspan="2">Feature</th>
+<th id="063730E08DF8F5B367DACF36DE22E18E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
+<taxonomicName id="BB9CEA2A8E07B3BF46F2A018DCD63BB0" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="4C579C152ADFD65DBBADEF105AC99995" italics="true">S. monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="20A45E0C50FB3F853DDB5C0BBBEB44AB" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</th>
+<th id="E7FDF6A3F1F11EF03606E0007575C8F8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
+<taxonomicName id="35222853B0F990E5E47E90C9C48E66EF" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="74C0E9E2AEBD89DA821F30A931CDE126" italics="true">S. monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="08D3A4C9ACD93D632D09E91C855ECE5C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+</th>
+<th id="78FA994C39B82E3C097FF5D9AA65BB8F" colspan="1" rowspan="2">
+<taxonomicName id="BFD52F32E8E19BA547E2DD2BC64F8B55" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
+<emphasis id="5677F833A4ABC7D3385C347759E7A826" italics="true">S. staurocrada</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<superScript id="59CEEB064DD0040738151CB83C965636">c</superScript>
+</th>
+<th id="F7E35E3C8D64DFC79CBF91569796B7A9" colspan="1" rowspan="2">
+<taxonomicName id="7685CD843540BD1DCFD75D788216C758" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2019" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
+<emphasis id="5EDCAA41E18432EB07B335AAD9BBB692" italics="true">S. stellata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<superScript id="2FFEC75C2DC894BBB15EF3B81D86C68F">d</superScript>
+</th>
+<th id="AF34F0F6F465E8195CD5981D104355E1" colspan="1" rowspan="2">
+<taxonomicName id="38361E9766C99AF0506F9CF70B79D6B6" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
+<emphasis id="34DDA9B2DDE5290BB42D1E18B866AF60" italics="true">S. punctata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<superScript id="65C617335A40D6C254B646AAEF266615">e</superScript>
+</th>
+<th id="97CB6338579E74DF2D94AC601721C4E1" colspan="1" rowspan="2">
+<taxonomicName id="17F9E185A05527B29501EFB173C29592" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">
+<emphasis id="8FEE012A20B2C290D68F59708607E7C7" italics="true">S. arctica</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<superScript id="5624A589FE86C433341E953BE65B43A2">f</superScript>
+</th>
+</tr>
+<tr id="1D8D2F88914CFD57CC762D79EE83896A">
+<th id="86391A599FCFC83597A6EC5508ECC7AE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
+holotype 
+<superScript id="95906E49FDF2125F3E23DB91411F7380">a</superScript>
+</th>
+<th id="67A2FD31837E842A4E008E873844C213" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
+paratype 
+<superScript id="D04068895412910CDC57D24D597C292E">b</superScript>
+</th>
+</tr>
+<tr id="B1B113A14B1AD2004A3EA0B7F309C619">
+<td id="16886CD678D9EBE04255EBA1044BD5F8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Corallum</td>
+<td id="78BAC4240D66DB07DC708705A6DCABC4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unbranched</td>
+<td id="F9AD0DBB285317ADC69522AF6862BBE2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unbranched</td>
+<td id="C29EFE3E4F7B0D4B5209880711DAE101" colspan="1" rowspan="1">branched</td>
+<td id="0ACDBD0FE821098D99A14E97FBFD1078" colspan="1" rowspan="1">branched</td>
+<td id="B7D3CDEBC2B427B5A3E4BCF1E9CEA877" colspan="1" rowspan="1">branched</td>
+<td id="8DDDA3C26705D7E0E28D5DC345EBEAE7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">branched</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="9B2F4EAAECDF99EB953D4511D41875A2">
+<td id="3B6FA3FC26D39E785AC1412298065968" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stem length (cm) (pinnulated / unpinnulated)</td>
+<td id="30E1F6E180218D7C110B7C803467626D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13 / 2</td>
+<td id="66D0B1452226D59C0144D4FD6C001DE9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12 / 2 (unpinnulated section incomplete)</td>
+<td id="B1027CE4F8C7EAB50808FEDF4CD6CDC8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13 / not collected</td>
+<td id="2846F27867AF09CA420C6D004A2C5DCE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.3 / 6.1</td>
+<td id="A65E775C76199680DB9A5D8DB16AF855" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21 / not collected</td>
+<td id="31E2AF5DD4E144D1AD10F707DA2DFE4E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20 / 5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="7A2E47C494CCFF019F7F8BF07F23E36B">
+<td id="E4BBF1FCDF122F3BF3C8E229E7C78880" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pinnule diameter near base (mm)</td>
+<td id="41950A411A3A043D6B0990D3866C8E49" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="0B7267AF37D2551F962AEFB09BD9603E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="D7EABFA19274B0544DD118194B8EA52C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="56C0F6DCDE56C91DC3454C79739D6F05" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
+<td id="3675BEAC447382530949AA9487AA67F6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="A6D6246A24BF0FBA6F8B3B1FA310FF50" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="AFAC277B563445A8D61BE0147A43761D">
+<td id="900F09FA5C5C7552FB3DB2A46976AEEE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pinnular angle (distal / interior)</td>
+<td id="5CD99BCE8835771D7BAA04E467E5FF53" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45–90 ° / 160–180 °</td>
+<td id="631370952DB54A79D92989EB26A243E4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80 – 90 ° / 160–180 °</td>
+<td id="EAAE90EB6443608152D5C79BC45784D5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">60 – 70 ° / 90–150 °</td>
+<td id="3F02F5DFD1576FBFD2B6A3F2720CB749" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80 – 90 ° / 160–180 °</td>
+<td id="E6C27105D5955ACADE23559D0B6D14B6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80 – 90 ° / 160–180 °</td>
+<td id="DF6194C46EC2A3175F1330284E1C700A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80 – 90 ° / 160–180 °</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="EC46C4E3D32161DEA18526B7C7F95CB5">
+<td id="0891ACD60D68C303FE54BB5CA3E6C044" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Distance between pinnules on one side (mm)</td>
+<td id="407572467F50595D838E47363C2AEB43" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13–17</td>
+<td id="90FF2D603362CABF898B71A6BF2DE329" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12–14</td>
+<td id="4EB327BCD208C092D9EE93F05B94A13C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8–12</td>
+<td id="5938BF8E463C8F852E46975CD46FE32A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5–10</td>
+<td id="839128235D5E224BBA44BB016DBC1A50" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6–8</td>
+<td id="A0E8153EE99897620B37376592DFBC83" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="3730380B043DB3C816A7E27D30921F3A">
+<td id="6887CC1F4C0E53FDB956220B17505074" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Max Pinnule length (cm):</td>
+<td id="A968C1A6714CA844F69944045B41F420" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.3</td>
+<td id="3C8FC6B654648EB48BF3F67E56935838" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
+<td id="1A285EE651DD1ECED1B4250A7FA3420A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
+<td id="F1B382ADEA578D70437B8126385FF62A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
+<td id="76ACAEE87473DAE02DAD018D45568545" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="DCF935EE83F4E7035FA04614C8F4C08A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="B77EACBA51B04BFC8D342730A5432E14">
+<td id="C33EDD2D63C742C75EF6A2158D00F2A8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pinnule density per 5 cm (both rows)</td>
+<td id="49EA16BF75D2DD0EB48330117A7225A0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
+<td id="D2A7E569E787DCBFF8626089FF0DF396" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
+<td id="F99F8EF59DC4687D63478DA3B1EE9CD6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5–6</td>
+<td id="45B344D23B38E152A867C48BA404C9E6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
+<td id="D9F9C7E39C6C143D83319093242ABAD2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="3C06BFC591D4F6F3C20B79010F8BA64B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="2A0F56A2B30F71FA04AF2D39AD169F58">
+<td id="7DB75BBE4C5A512BB18B1626AB9F95E8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of orders of pinnules</td>
+<td id="FCBA9FFB33E96B7028D00D3D2BE0BB41" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="4CD3A658FF78FF2F1AF33449B26FD495" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="8157DAF5720820034450492B46EBC08C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="C869592566A7A890CE94C6405034EAF4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="926100D884BA61FC6EF0D5E00132BE4C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
+<td id="0691D929859EDFACC795D64F9DC1E516" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
+&gt; 1? 
+<superScript id="4D782C950E593D416FEE92BA4CF34982">g</superScript>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="8ECD566575B7E1C25297D1B3B1878485">
+<td id="833B7A9B79E94B62B7ED86E69B8E4917" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spine height (mm)</td>
+<td id="19843ACBD4FDED0D0990C83946026464" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.03–0.05</td>
+<td id="48056F79042B3091224D4A1460B4966B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.03–0.06</td>
+<td id="233BF6DB4BA7C41F65511590401CDFD8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.04–0.06</td>
+<td id="74CE55384CB025FC601125C3933D5DE2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.06–0.07</td>
+<td id="D99ADB8C969A21C52F0FB784BF77C2A9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="D785FC88A9263FD1409A380FDA18A4B3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.02–0.06</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="27E0C446D3A8CC080CA199819A3E7A7A">
+<td id="9794DA74E9E913A10E07C7E68E19C2A6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spine ornamentation</td>
+<td id="EED71A0ABE82661B4A10D16AFD021467" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
+<td id="47566A12802FFD6633DFBCEA16589472" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
+<td id="61BF1E03EF68EBD920A9CEAF287D28F0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
+<td id="4D672F0CDBDCC7F4DC2243D991AFDFF2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
+<td id="9B880470F181EB167A2A20EF8207EA22" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="C3863D4808C47A50AF5AE2F07413A14C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="C712F6BF1E82A3E069CA8CA5BF344CFA">
+<td id="D55585C1E5FCF9182F13AF222C5D4CF7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of spine rows per view</td>
+<td id="1F434347104D2ED31109CA7F059E89C5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6–7</td>
+<td id="1CAF81EC0D4DC178AE1E2C047C5C6A2F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7–8</td>
+<td id="A3D1E02A2029622A4881AEFDC5966B2F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4–6</td>
+<td id="E3FF4E3A65C6325AB45E160EE78C6892" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3–4</td>
+<td id="A309561595C7846528C29E5BEF044A65" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="201018F777D11155B1F19DD600A25D34" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9–10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="5ACBEB8BBBB2CAC3CBD4A889C67059AA">
+<td id="6566BDF50B74573BF5C72E5D365CE431" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Space between spines in one row (mm)</td>
+<td id="4A7067C77DBAAA648011C6B7AFF0042F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.12–0.17</td>
+<td id="9B3A0B5989D7AFA49AE57971A2421837" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.11–0.44</td>
+<td id="31DD769CAB474B597BF06C2F30D3AC18" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.12–0.24</td>
+<td id="1EC6B70D2520CF66E8EF5A0ED81A7618" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.21–0.33</td>
+<td id="D1DF6AB64008508B40CDADFB18488AA7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="BEE0A20962FD4C23EFC14A958683289B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.06–0.12</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="0275421CC6CEB56E44141B219057A213">
+<td id="9E3CA5C99C03FA955B79DE991B705C2A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spine density per 1 mm</td>
+<td id="138C01753080175A638BC0C3E50ADEF2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4–5</td>
+<td id="465EB7463AFBD0EE797AA53EAD39B5BB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
+<td id="1031C495E5D6A9C4559F166728E3C290" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
+<td id="4A4D39A111D2602DC4979F13C5CDEFA1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4–6</td>
+<td id="2B3F94BF81151857D9B5A97F810F2179" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="78CF078F3B5AC52BF3324184C85090D0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="C6FD6AA752C4179E2F39DB96B80E6CE4">
+<td id="50DDF850128670922EF08D5DA968C99D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Polyp transverse diameter (mm)</td>
+<td id="1A1FDE20D576C0D9F530F50024B89BF1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8–9</td>
+<td id="66428F747476532D2F28237EA9BA6116" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4–6</td>
+<td id="6B7B78914683B61346808A8B4F36C116" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2–4</td>
+<td id="17D4FE87B5BAD369F952DA261691048C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5–6</td>
+<td id="87CE9D098DCBAF88211B8F35562AF43F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="DA8ABFB448CE3E7A7A4043805359EDA4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3–7</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="7CC7FECBEDA1B03D21B6C8E169AE578C">
+<td id="C57285A7493B7B160003E132345AD0E4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Polyp density per 5 cm</td>
+<td id="8037CD6F35DD6E580258734804C36458" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4–5</td>
+<td id="AB0BA52ABA6E0559B7739A40A564ACC2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7–8</td>
+<td id="3647560860A21CE53B33782D7479DBD6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10–11</td>
+<td id="13FD2711617891013C694D648A509557" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6–7</td>
+<td id="1DAFB4D509C5C8E28205A126BAFBE9A5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="0A41DAF9F98CA9309BDD4E42C542687D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="55CD3C3EAA1C82CA0B20AF7EB2495E1C">
+<td id="8C9DC6CE4229BA0A58C84918BFDC8700" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of polyps between adjacent pinnules in the same row</td>
+<td id="F09563D7336C80C444D9FB938362E45E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
+<td id="0568EF12DFA7A2E7994A435B3DB62903" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
+<td id="0C13AA31B8B58AA1870425E160430C45" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
+<td id="5F31F560550FEE11E215FAD631993BBF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="713D00AE9AA2F7530B5CC3863862F0A9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="640F0CA397CF2061BB3C713691E8C49F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+</tr>
+<tr id="129A8D33908B08AE8B24FD67657E8A88">
+<td id="358416E5C634D235CF99B10391462A18" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Striatum</td>
+<td id="BB812C3819152E90B1770F9609C71079" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Lowest section not collected</td>
+<td id="8C9EC81B137669805C5738AA696E03CE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Striations present until first row of pinnules</td>
+<td id="C84E4C53488122978769D093626BD0B5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
+<td id="E0D9EC47F382B9ACEA384A7113F35828" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Present from 2 cm above basal plate and extends 4 cm</td>
+<td id="CD6E978DFB4104B8C8B0BD60FCF356FD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+<td id="A41AF086BE06F49C9DD16747F96ED25A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Not reported</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="4C2BB37FA1659619E7B3494E2954A1C5">
+<tableNote id="B300A805930C494A0A6FBC641ED1AD91">
+<superScript id="194BB555F7B4745311F1227F092C556A">a</superScript>
+<taxonomicName id="5B98876957FE3F8BF805C88AD2B4CFC7" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="8AA53E5AF1ABD4F9AFCE5A97F46AB7A5" italics="true">Stauropathes monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A84CD7D8EC4EF9CB412E257100465B2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+<typeStatus id="4124143A5AF17CD6AA30EEF5877F04C5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+(
+<specimenCode id="9FE24FDF4F29C9CF3CC88ABC43DA12E3">
+<collectionCode id="E1AC84E98F49DE4E66A42926CA0AAEE6" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1689279
+</specimenCode>
+) herein described. 
+<superScript id="298CE56576BFCE24041583C6FDEF18CA">b</superScript>
+<taxonomicName id="4FF643DEA6D82D9336A1C70318AA0347" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Barajas" authorityYear="2025" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monopinnata" status="sp. nov.">
+<emphasis id="B1C6426772A2FA5677A04B46AD41EA03" italics="true">Stauropathes monopinnata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<taxonomicNameLabel id="5D07FAF887E0D29DA5D86D4348BC4F79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+<typeStatus id="8F6FCC2FA5F8C9262C222B89B9DA39F2" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
+(
+<specimenCode id="B0C678C1B86E3E60EF9DB992C87526CE">
+<collectionCode id="47CA5233A58E9B8535C3704D185BBB99" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+1424060
+</specimenCode>
+) herein described. 
+<superScript id="05826555955B64F88AF6A28C6CFF6038">c</superScript>
+<taxonomicName id="B1406DC5BC8AABF5E84596D34465E9FE" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
+<emphasis id="2575A618A96C1AFF29D5E7D2640518FA" italics="true">Stauropathes staurocrada</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<typeStatus id="C9BCD6EBBE3BD328F16DCA4F11A37CE6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+(
+<specimenCode id="F4AFFB458738AE1122CBCC32BB8AE4AE">
+<collectionCode id="E5C4975999D129E67D1866374537E70C" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+98846
+</specimenCode>
+) in 
+<bibRefCitation id="437A01BBB715B2BAEB6DD8C99581C465" author="Opresko DM" firstAuthor="Opresko" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pagination="1-17" refId="B20" refString="Opresko DM (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen 76: 1–17." title="Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae." volume="76" year="2002">Opresko (2002)</bibRefCitation>
+. 
+<superScript id="B7846B0F8DC04A926535301DD07420CB">d</superScript>
+<taxonomicName id="434EDC40A3428AE080053CCF9BA2D255" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2019" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stellata">
+<emphasis id="C68621F81950DBB0AC918967AE6E0716" italics="true">Stauropathes stellata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<typeStatus id="3CEDA76B5FB8DA42C0EDBF548B6E475E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
+(
+<specimenCode id="D19430991FB3B16B3047166CA99E5459">
+<collectionCode id="EAD99C953E4315ECC0421D716DF426EC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
+16059
+</specimenCode>
+) in 
+<bibRefCitation id="A39EE66F0999C2E9E474E3A042D299CC" DOI="10.1080/03014223.2019.1650783" author="Opresko DM" firstAuthor="Opresko" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pagination="149-186" refId="B21" refString="Opresko DM (2019) New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the New Zealand region, part 2. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 47: 149–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2019.1650783" title="New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the New Zealand region, part 2." volume="47" year="2019">Opresko (2019)</bibRefCitation>
+. 
+<superScript id="18BB2E8EF951445125B17D9CF665B714">e</superScript>
+<taxonomicName id="5756E1996203A6AD31EB423F09A34ACD" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
+<emphasis id="945AB26785566A166B96325BFD5B00E6" italics="true">Stauropathes punctata</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+type series described in 
+<bibRefCitation id="667034B3FCB6EAD68150CF8EDF86C9DA" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.59328" author="Roule L" firstAuthor="Roule" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince De Monaco" pagination="1-100" refId="B26" refString="Roule L (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recuellis par S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco dans L’ Atlantique nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince De Monaco 30: 1–100. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59328" title="Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recuellis par S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco dans L’ Atlantique nord." volume="30" year="1905">Roule (1905)</bibRefCitation>
+. 
+<superScript id="DF3AEB0C5D6D598FE77E72258141D372">f</superScript>
+<taxonomicName id="C64A6348B29DCA4D837191477E27CB3F" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">
+<emphasis id="5C897380E4B3B0ED2CB1969C04F4402F" italics="true">Stauropathes arctica</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+<bibRefCitation id="DC37F6594C169D30C7DEF2A380E916D6" author="Brook G" firstAuthor="Brook's" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pagination="1-222" refId="B4" refString="Brook G (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Zoology 32: 1–222." title="Report on the Antipatharia. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger." volume="32" year="1889">Brook’s (1889)</bibRefCitation>
+translation of species described by 
+<bibRefCitation id="08954ACE19555F666F92E3F0F9CC36EE" author="Lütken C" firstAuthor="Lutken" journalOrPublisher="Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger" pagination="18-26" refId="B18" refString="Lütken C (1871) Antipathes antarctica, en ny Sortkoral fra Polarhavet. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger 2: 18–26." title="Antipathes antarctica, en ny Sortkoral fra Polarhavet. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger." volume="2" year="1871">Lütken (1871)</bibRefCitation>
+. 
+<superScript id="AFFBDB8EC5CDF71370EB732186793219">g</superScript>
+Unclear if ramification orders are pinnulated branches or pinnules.
+</tableNote>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="29BEA38CE31E9B581D765F6D0BE9AF3C">
+While the lack of branches and the two rows of subopposite pinnules in the new species is typical of 
+<taxonomicName id="B05E35E843314848FF9A390EBCB7D7B1">
+<emphasis id="FADCE1A02062D97080277ECF6C27A35A" italics="true">Bathypathes</emphasis>
+species
+</taxonomicName>
+, it differs morphologically in several ways: the distances between the members of each subopposite pair are smaller, and in some cases, the pinnules are almost opposite; the colonies have wider spaces between pinnules in a row, and the longest pinnules are also the lowermost ones on the stem.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EEEAG" type="etymology">
+<paragraph id="5A456AF63218A5147F9659FCE90D7691">
+<heading id="B106FC09ED06032C007E783388AE1C2C" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="F85B972840740BB6755FEE823E5657E0">The specific name derives from the Latin “ mono ” (one) and “ pinnata ” (feathered) referring to the new species general appearance due to the distinctive lack of branches compared to the other species in the genus.</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EJEAG" type="distribution">
+<paragraph id="16C68D3DC58BBCF8023140E0C5BA974C">
+<heading id="7BD9393631694ED164458CAE6DE88A16" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="038C9D799DC4F4ABA46B34558EE39F69">
+Known from North Central Atlantic Ocean to North Pacific Ocean from 
+<quantity id="0F66A4C238FB44027E868FBA5C7B66F2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1709999999999998" metricValueMax="1.6039999999999999" metricValueMin="0.738" unit="m" value="1171.0" valueMax="1604.0" valueMin="738.0">738 to 1604 m</quantity>
+depth.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+<subSubSection id="SECID0EOEAG" type="discussion">
+<paragraph id="E8950969B937546873DC8381B84D4B2C">
+<heading id="F31DA767BD7F8CE6EA30BF49E43CA328" reason="title">Discussion and conclusions.</heading>
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="162AA9BB842FA9B24B4D910493AE564C">
+This study presents morphological and molecular evidence to support the description of a new species within the genus 
+<taxonomicName id="B497848F343A1C9C7EFBB70939959C0C" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="52074AEF2EF0DDFEE308B27E9DF360B8" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+. Furthermore, this study provides the most speciose molecular phylogeny of the family 
+<taxonomicName id="F139684786B698E06D01DAA644FFFDB6" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Schizopathidae</taxonomicName>
+to date, including specimens representing all 13 accepted schizopathid genera, 
+<typeStatus id="3F80259D3C48D1389155572E3B80DCB8" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
+or 
+<typeStatus id="87E592C74B225B58DAE97645A0E4427C" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
+of 20 species, five of which also represent types at the genus level, and 12 species sequenced for the first time.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="583378E16B1BA48E9AF8FD27D769EA3B">
+The new 
+<taxonomicName id="7D0344FF8CD5DE6CE3D98407AC3D3A44">
+<emphasis id="37209280602A515BA97CCE8DE0211F8E" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+species
+</taxonomicName>
+, which lacks branches (like 
+<taxonomicName id="C572CD61F5D21CE66FB061A4A550AFBB" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="DF3D46E8A60BDED709EA17016FD823AD" italics="true">Bathypathes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+), required an emendation of the diagnosis of 
+<taxonomicName id="0D3EEA5A13872A180C86EC09EC799590" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="60D006A6800CFACD076308748B26C36D" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+to include unbranched morphotypes. Additionally, the finding of one 
+<taxonomicName id="CCBC1DDED96B06F6D0AE18296B5862CA">
+<emphasis id="9456B268DD074BCB32DC77CCED83AF1E" italics="true">Bathypathes</emphasis>
+species
+</taxonomicName>
+in the 
+<taxonomicName id="46740249A71EAB6A705A68887787E215" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="E408494A7515D048021505EC2AF63A97" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+clade and two 
+<taxonomicName id="E43EC889C994A9756566A623883F1F4C">
+<emphasis id="3CDC734AF7216CEB259DF938D3C1C077" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
+species
+</taxonomicName>
+in the 
+<taxonomicName id="31E45EF96E56B06F958D7E17B652E56D" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
+<emphasis id="69189FE82B702098793DDEA7EAAB8B23" italics="true">Bathypathes</emphasis>
+</taxonomicName>
+clade suggests they have a complicated evolutionary history, possibly driven by convergent evolution or hybridization.
+</paragraph>
+<paragraph id="6D1370630051516A718E5A9C988DDA89">
+Speciation is complex, and the phylogenetic models used in black coral studies have relied on maximum likelihood analyses with General Time Reversible substitution model, which does not account for processes like hybridization, recombination, or site-specific variation in substitution rates (
+<bibRefCitation id="0BB55B14480DD1EF24635210F810E66D" DOI="10.1038/s41576-023-00620-x" author="Steenwyk" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Steenwyk" journalOrPublisher="Nature Reviews Genetics" pagination="834-850" refId="B27" refString="Steenwyk JL, Li Y, Zhou X, Shen XX, Rokas A (2023) Incongruence in the phylogenomics era. Nature Reviews Genetics 24: 834–850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-023-00620-x" title="Incongruence in the phylogenomics era." volume="24" year="2023">Steenwyk et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
+). When dealing with complicated evolutionary histories, which seems to be the case for genera in 
+<taxonomicName id="4487170AAF0D08D4F03275633DC3CFA3" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Schizopathidae</taxonomicName>
+(see also ‘ The Trigeneric Complex’ described in 
+<bibRefCitation id="8FCBC5DD7B6A70D65E600CF28857FC5C" DOI="10.1007/s13127-021-00537-5" author="Bledsoe-Becerra YM &amp; Whittaker IS &amp; Horowitz J &amp; Naranjo KM &amp; Johnson-Rosemond J &amp; Mullins KH &amp; Cunningham KM &amp; Shetty S &amp; Messinides SN &amp; Behney MS &amp; Fehsal JA &amp; Watson AN &amp; McKnight KE &amp; Nasiadka TW &amp; Popa H &amp; Pettay DT &amp; Appiah-Madson HJ &amp; Distel DL &amp; Brugler MR" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bledsoe-Becerra" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity and Evolution" pagination="343-353" refId="B2" refString="Bledsoe-Becerra YM, Whittaker IS, Horowitz J, Naranjo KM, Johnson-Rosemond J, Mullins KH, Cunningham KM, Shetty S, Messinides SN, Behney MS, Fehsal JA, Watson AN, McKnight KE, Nasiadka TW, Popa H, Pettay DT, Appiah-Madson HJ, Distel DL, Brugler MR (2022) Mitogenomics reveals low variation within a trigeneric complex of black corals from the North Pacific Ocean. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 22: 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00537-5" title="Mitogenomics reveals low variation within a trigeneric complex of black corals from the North Pacific Ocean." volume="22" year="2022">Bledsoe-Becerra et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
+) a multispecies coalescent model should be used for estimating phylogenies while accounting for unresolved lineage sorting (
+<bibRefCitation id="AD5834188F47BB1E59666949F03B3C17" DOI="10.18061/bssb.v2i2.9255" author="Ramirez-Portilla and Quattrini" firstAuthor="Ramirez-Portilla" refId="B25" refString="Ramírez-Portilla C, Quattrini AM (2023) Perspectives on the Grey Zone of species delimitation with notes on invertebrates in the marine environment. Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists 2. https://doi.org/10.18061/bssb.v2i2.9255" year="2023">Ramírez-Portilla and Quattrini 2023</bibRefCitation>
+). This is an essential next step for resolving relationships at the species level for black corals.
+</paragraph>
+</subSubSection>
+</treatment>
+</document>
\ No newline at end of file