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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cbda95a-5b4a-45e9-b53a-9b90db01ee17" ID-PMC="PMC8688410" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-187-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8" ID-PubMed="35002365" ModsDocID="1314-2003-187-23" checkinTime="1639455686940" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E. &amp; Ector, Luc" docDate="2021" docId="02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 187: 23-70" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 187" docPubDate="2021-12-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338" docTitle="Pseudostaurosira aedes E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel &amp; Ector 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8" masterDocTitle="New and poorly known &quot; araphid &quot; diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in &quot; araphid &quot; diatom taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668140567392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New and poorly known &quot; araphid &quot; diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in &quot; araphid &quot; diatom taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Morales, Eduardo A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-4831</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Water Laboratory, University of Evora, P. I. T. E. Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005 - 345 Evora, Portugal &amp; Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Evora, Rua Romao Ramalho n °. 59, 7000 - 671 Evora, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">edu_mora123@outlook.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-0494</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>187</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>23</mods:start>
<mods:end>70</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-187-23</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191535338" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName LSID="02C317AB-EE8E-57C3-AB16-D70CA6F527A6" authority="E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel &amp; Ector" authorityName="E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2021" class="Fragilariophyceae" family="Staurosiraceae" genus="Pseudostaurosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudostaurosira aedes" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aedes" status="sp. nov.">Pseudostaurosira aedes E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new &quot; araphid &quot; diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
Figs 1A
<normalizedToken originalValue="’-G’">'-G'</normalizedToken>
(LM), 4A-F (SEM)
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
Slide ANSP GC 26815, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new &quot; araphid &quot; diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1A</figureCitation>
', Diatom Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Isotype.</emphasis>
Slide DBOL-0246a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Desaguadero River, epipsammon,
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-17.3975">17°23'51&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-68.24249">68°14'33&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 3701 m elev.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">leg.</emphasis>
G.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
, 05.07.2009.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
Frustules rectangular in girdle view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B, D-F</figureCitation>
), joined together by interlocking spines (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4F</figureCitation>
). Valves narrowly elliptic with rounded ends, isopolar, with abrupt transition from valve face to mantle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new &quot; araphid &quot; diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1A</figureCitation>
<normalizedToken originalValue="’-G’">'-G'</normalizedToken>
). Axial area narrowly lanceolate (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new &quot; araphid &quot; diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1A</figureCitation>
<normalizedToken originalValue="’-G’">'-G'</normalizedToken>
, 4A, B, D), externally only slightly below the virga (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A-F SEM micrographs of Pseudostaurosira pulchra sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A, B outer views of valves showing axial area, striae and spines features C inner view of valve still attached to neighboring cell. Black arrow indicates absence of apical pore field. Dotted arrow points to depression into which the stria opens internally D tilted view of frustule. Notice larger valvocopula, lateral growth of spines and blister-like depositions on abvalvar edge of mantle E outer view of valve tip. Black arrow denotes absence of apical pore field. Notice round to elliptical spine base and larger areola on valve mantle. F frustule attached to neighboring valve by means of heavily silicified spines. Notice open girdle elements (white arrow) and depositions along abvalvar mantle edge. Scale bars: 2 µm (E); 4 µm (C, F); 5 µm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622440" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">3A, D, E</figureCitation>
). Internally, axial area and virgae raised, leaving the striae in large elliptic or 8-shaped, transapically elongated depressions (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4C</figureCitation>
). Vimines shorter than virgae and wide, restricted to the valve face/mantle junction; additional ones rarely present on valve mantle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B</figureCitation>
). Striae typically composed by two narrow, elliptic to trapezoid areolae, one on valve face and a slightly larger one on the valve mantle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
). Volae arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards forming a tightly packed mesh-like structure (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B, C</figureCitation>
). Flaps frequently present in various stages of development, typically one disk-like or bilobate on valve face and two or more of different shape on valve mantle areola (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4A, B, D-F</figureCitation>
). Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction, solid, with elliptic to rectangular base, as wide as the vimines; conical body with a roughly triangular profile and serrate, pointy tips. Spines have a general arrowhead-like appearance when seen form their posterior ends. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4A-F</figureCitation>
). Stipules well-developed giving spines a sagittate shape and having themselves varying shapes in girdle view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4D-F</figureCitation>
). Apical pore fields very reduced with no more than 3 round poroids, usually externally obliterated by an apical blister (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4C, D, E</figureCitation>
). Well-developed blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B-F</figureCitation>
). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B, D-F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A-F</emphasis>
SEM images of
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2021" class="Fragilariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Pseudostaurosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudostaurosira aedes" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aedes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Pseudostaurosira aedes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B, D, E, F</emphasis>
girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">F</emphasis>
which have varying patterns
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
); 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A-C, E, F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
Dimensions (n&gt; 50): Length 2.9-12.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; width 2.1-2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; striae 15 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">The species epithet makes reference to the difficulty in the LM distinction of this diatom from co-occurring species with similar outline.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Found in the Desaguadero River.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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160
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<paragraph id="1A7C7A52481A88F0A0E5EA6169721FD2" pageNumber="558">
<taxonomicName id="D4AA6A409973DD0CE5992E026263AF3F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:236917" authority="Snelling, 2007" authorityName="Snelling" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Axinidris" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Axinidris gabonica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonica" status="new species">Axinidris gabonica</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="19F122A7CD8462E7FDE4D6317C3EBF78" pageNumber="558">Figures 3, 13, 23</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8BAC5FE03BDC5DE1F80755FFF918C9FD" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5A34BFB4D26908FA18128725B2B63B4F" pageNumber="558">Worker diagnosis. Antennal scape with sparse short erect hairs; upper frons and pronotum each with two long erect hairs; gastral terga 3 - 4 each with one pair of long erect hairs; propodeal spines short and thick; head and body mostly shiny.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2859BE370DB666247CD72585E793C39E" type="description">
<paragraph id="BB90547DD12BD2AA3D0B0C0D751CDE6C" pageNumber="559">Worker measurements (mm) (n = 3). HW 0.77 - 0.83; HL 0.83 - 0.90; SL 0.72; EL 0.21 - 0.22; OVD 0.28 - 0.30; PNW 0.50 - 0.56; PPW 0.36 - 0.40; WL 1.01 - 1.10. Indices. CI 91 - 94; CNI 117 - 140; OI 25 - 26; SI 86 - 93.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C0087882D4FCDF2701915EDC405EFFC" pageNumber="559">Worker description. Head shiny, frons weakly coriarious between sparse distinct punctures, more strongly sculptured on frontal area; gena and malar area shinier and almost smooth. Antennal scape shafts with a few widely spaces fine erect hairs; frons, below vertex, with 1 pair of long erect hairs and a shorter pair near upper end of frontal carinae and a still shorter pair at lower end of carinae; clypeus with about 6 long erect hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AC7BD43F552097EA96AB4B60BDD4D01" pageNumber="559">Pronotum shiny and nearly smooth between distinct sparse punctures and with a single long erect hair near each humerus (Fig. 13). Mesonotum similar to pronotum, but narrowly contiguously punctate posteriorly. Metanotal spiracles elevated but appressed to base of propodeum, not conspicuous in profile. Mesepisternum largely smooth and shiny anteriorly, becoming duller and contiguously punctate posteriorly. Propodeum slightly shiny, contiguously to subcontiguously punctate; spiracular prominence weak and spiracular opening directed distad; medial carina present on posterior half of dorsal face, absent from declivitous face, slightly elevated at summit of declivity and low and broadly rounded in profile; propodeal spines short and blunt, obtuse in dorsal view with straight outer margins, distance between outer margins of apices distinctly less than distance between spiracles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="659373CCE0A397BE4DE6FD6296D52AC5" pageNumber="559">Gastral terga shiny, smooth to weakly coriarious; T 3 - T 4 each with a single long erect hair on each side; appressed pubescence sparse.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="196E862FA840E38C166DF7F839F42CBD" pageNumber="559">Head blackish, body dark brown; distal portion of mandible yellowish, with reddish yellow teeth; legs brown, distitarsi yellowish; petiole mostly whitish.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CEA1BD13BFE7D2C4C8C66F68A794031" pageNumber="559">Queen and male unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="D68258D040556D3C95250B002ADB8685" pageNumber="559">
<typeStatus id="85A0F308E4A421CEF58B570E32385AFD">TYPE</typeStatus>
MATERIAL
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82410BE4A4CD5A9220183C005C3BEF5A" pageNumber="559">
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<typeStatus id="4ABB3F759E92BD702108109BD4B2B6AB">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="A97E8191FA6012BC867662A553C28650" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="081B9535B3BAFD6D2C56813FD5C748A4">GABON</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0B2CA359DDF17A2F44CE64AC906D0FE4">Prov. Ogoove-Maritime</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6ACB9141C4E1DA31325D87C31B3CC0AA" LSID="plazi:B03C2A677ED6BAB667409A897BC895DA:E8D2CFDBD6EB606D40FC8D859ADDDCEA" country="GABON" latitude="-10.3945" longitude="10.3945" stateProvince="Prov. Ogoove-Maritime">Reserve des Mons Doudou</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="C978E1E135823386138832AFD4336DAB">25.2 km 304 ° NW</locationDeviation>
<location id="17A867BD186D6E30FE503BAA4D75CD50" LSID="plazi:B03C2A677ED6BAB667409A897BC895DA:10DA5F213C82C28B34F566834E2659F7" country="Gabon" latitude="-10.3945" longitude="10.3945" municipality="Reserve des Mons Doudou" name="Doussala" stateProvince="Prov. Ogoove-Maritime">Doussala</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A834EC507EEC23EF417285ADC65F3B2A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-2.2271667">2 ° 13.63 ' S</geoCoordinate>
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),
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,
<collectingDate id="DB0A9890C140129F61526D0AE5CDC5C8" value="2000-03-17">
<date id="8D6F41B5EB0A28D1726C03785EDCAA2F" value="2000-03-17">17 March 2000</date>
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(
<collectorName id="2186AE7A65341AD4884C0E5BCB13EECF">S. van Noort</collectorName>
),
<collectingMethod id="515A608328F6DD2095CDBE66F1767433">sweeping in coastal lowland rainforest</collectingMethod>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="7539B1C1A03D4B4841F0020C4728A3FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923907923" collectingDate="2000-03-17" collectingMethod="sweeping in coastal lowland rainforest" collectorName="S. van Noort" country="GABON" latitude="-10.3945" location="Doussala" longitude="10.3945" municipality="Reserve des Mons Doudou" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" stateProvince="Prov. Ogoove-Maritime" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5B9FFCCEFABC1DF2ECF8C7A79EFC7023">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="0D9B2BC358659DEB31F1300F2E529EB3" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype
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,
<materialsCitation id="2DB1B609FBE1DD1F2223279741EDE780" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923907923" collectingDate="2000-03-16" collectingMethod="sweeping in coastal lowland rainforest" collectorName="S. van Noort" country="GABON" latitude="-10.3945" location="Doussala" longitude="10.3945" municipality="Reserve des Mons Doudou" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" stateProvince="Prov. Ogoove-Maritime">
<specimenCount id="04A5570DEF405B5A9558BDF11EA3DC3C" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
, same except
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<date id="042077F48ED1D2CE686A9B9FA15C0673" value="2000-03-16">16 March 2000</date>
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<typeStatus id="5893CD7A2A3BCD9E363FBA98D6B52712">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="8B4FA1E9BBA8F435EF1808A0EAD3A6FA" type="generic">
2
<typeStatus id="77EC9FD4021AB158BE4BC0516945A356">paratypes</typeStatus>
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in
<collectionCode id="382509FC257F9E0EB994A143669CDAD7" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CASC</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="05CBE31636555B71CDABB2017AF96C6F" type="generic">
1
<typeStatus id="3519E8E3CED3D2FB37187C13B504D5CA">paratype</typeStatus>
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in
<collectionCode id="CC1427DCADD0E4229CEA885975591A8E" collectionName="USA, California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History">LACM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDC25F51C75986D79EFA3673071723F8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C8A46AFBB1F24B294654327B1B508F5B" pageNumber="559">ETYMOLOGY</paragraph>
<paragraph id="269217DF5D6240C755D3EB744CF22ADA" pageNumber="559">The name is derived from that of the country of origin.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D56BBBDA4DE68546B9BC4E9A2A857CA" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8FCE0765AF16C269C8B965BA252831B8" pageNumber="559">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4DA41EB3E851C2293EBD69E371B8AE24" pageNumber="559">
This species will run to
<taxonomicName id="02E4E9098B147C720BC5AADFDCF4E729" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25959" authority="Shattuck" authorityName="Shattuck" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Axinidris" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Axinidris murielae Shattuck" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murielae">A. murielae Shattuck</taxonomicName>
in the key by
<bibRefCitation id="46DD91B4A59905C9874979A09F860CAE" author="Shattuck, S. O." pagination="105 - 120" refId="ref12177" refString="Shattuck, S. O. 1991. Revision of the dolichoderine ant genus Axinidris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). SystematicEntomology 16: 105 - 120." type="journal article" year="1991">Shattuck (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, but is immediately separable by the scarcity of erect hairs on the vertex and frons. The general habitus is similar, but
<taxonomicName id="4E3FDCEB667B5C88EE42AB650446306B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:236917" authorityName="Snelling" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Axinidris" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Axinidris gabonica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonica">A. gabonica</taxonomicName>
is darker, and in both species the punctures of the frons and pronotum are relatively coarse.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="E0A9A4EEC500504891CC0BDC2FD02E27" italics="true" pageNumber="1116">Cirsium eriophorum</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="A6565AFB0672BB85815F4CB0CF0CCBCE" italics="true" pageNumber="1116">spathulatum</emphasis>
(Moretti) Ces.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4454789AB71159278CB55CE08A9B0D2" pageNumber="1116" type="description">
<paragraph id="F71672C906343178347E6C6D2B34A4FE" pageNumber="1116">
Artbeschreibung:
<normalizedToken id="B7DC5FE4E4A89F2A5A30A313E7B987F8" originalValue="Hüllblätter" pageNumber="1170">Huellblaetter</normalizedToken>
vorn in ein
<normalizedToken id="F1F69B5D90E0250C14875AA58B6532C2" originalValue="spatelförmiges" pageNumber="1170">spatelfoermiges</normalizedToken>
, kammartig bewimpertes
<normalizedToken id="CBE4B2B730677AE49E252CE36D326A7F" originalValue="Anhängsel" pageNumber="1170">Anhaengsel</normalizedToken>
verbreitert, dieses so breit wie die
<normalizedToken id="00FA7FC595D915C500026F2382DFD16B" originalValue="Hüllblattbasis" pageNumber="1170">Huellblattbasis</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE33EE197092BB2F3222605764DA4072" pageNumber="1116" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0E77C39CA6632565844C3BE20B7B7C7C" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="40BC819CDE557FD18CFA7320EBAAAB79" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageNumber="1170">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
: 7-9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3321A3887D577830B32EA86333795E9" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="3974C697859B3EFD7BE3AC1858232DCD" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="B5226B3EA9BB183184C2CB0E5C5286B8" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="1116" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970049E445E89B2C8F794250A2482B94" pageNumber="1116">
<table id="ABC586ED28E35B7EB638DB964864A726" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="1116">
<tr id="392A364A0C644DD55CB68E4C2F57B1E2" pageNumber="1116">
<th id="E460AB82FC4EA56552948BB0423FEEB6" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="D9D9B0B27CFA2649E86ADBA074571D06" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4FDD7C2C1B36E4A44602BFCC31F4ED36" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="50A2FA8820C13410F0457A5C904816E7" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="FA05E04CF763D65AE47265E9B4710595" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="6B9835563DB62D5062FC42F076BE67B7" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0D6C250E971A149F110CD60729546283" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="FD3A60DF3583F4EA2EF4585D72929C99" pageNumber="1116">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="BAEAEC84792BD58E61202A301CBA8A2A" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
<normalizedToken id="E01063B075503719244F0ADFDABBACED" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
trocken
</td>
<td id="A083BE11C758AECCF055AD5495D0657C" pageNumber="1116">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="4D0C35E8E6B2023B75342BFF9BB806C4" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="ECF414DCC4E2CBC99A61366239F45EBC" pageNumber="1116">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="35F5414A867931AAFFCEEFCACFA2AF81" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FF955DED274EF5F150F05A554D7EBF83" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="9CB8EF9ABEE290C84EF2CE713D272AAA" pageNumber="1116">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="7DE3914DB164066DE72771B66BD6A5EE" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="2F218017B370006F6D4EAECD44458207" pageNumber="1116">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="77B49AE48BB16DE1B8656672FC8AF9F9" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">unter-montan und ober-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3CF5CC28EADCF2663024CFCBBE0AE291" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="CD15B5E287CFB856D05FC49ED6DB202F" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="2100A8AA0B463340289024375BF526D0" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="61A56293EAC0CE6AC6DF8421D52EE05D" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="89A87ADA3B21A4E552E8907FD3936035" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="FD12B007F7B7159D9775CD6626A0F519" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="6319C0C67FDEA4B3380221BCF42694F3" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="4178231B55DAE83AA15E90AF7681D7D3" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="827ED5D4462C0F4278335D1C8F7DCA79" pageNumber="1116" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="1F223B7F59DC4FA5C1F81E82F62C4527" pageNumber="1116">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="23A0889EBD37D4F83312B56ACB705F40" language="deu" pageNumber="1116">Spatelige Woll-Kratzdistel</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="1CD3BCA8329CFCBD0DF5CC663AE744FA" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="4ED7A6E279D8039ED02D7175C6C22B15" language="fra" pageNumber="1116">
Cirse
<normalizedToken id="5711E56BB30BA267FF934010633F81F2" originalValue="spatulé">spatule</normalizedToken>
</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>