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<mods:title id="126A7D29E0E0B631BFDFC8080578D464">Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B5CED4FEB4960F61298EDEE91914C41">Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93CCD63C08C315568B347EC09B810B5F">Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0D2AFF33CF4499F247ACE3DE2ED82B3D">Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027517B0E53735A8CDDCAF594047389A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4379170" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164003328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4379170" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027517B0E53735A8CDDCAF594047389A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027517B0E53735A8CDDCAF594047389A" lastPageNumber="407" pageNumber="407">
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<bibCitation id="1A262E67AFD47B48AB215E0E06CA7CDB" author="Linnaeus" pagination="258" title="Chaerophyllum sylvestre" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 1" year="1753">
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<taxonomicName id="51C5002BDD6F457E2B872B637ECD83FE" ID-CoL="5XML9" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Chaerophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestre">
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<emphasis id="B5BAE70A085D102CC267EACC2163B252" bold="true" pageNumber="407">Chaerophyllum sylvestre</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
|
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
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<volumeTitle id="9659D64800020EFFE7A0E9C5081CB1BC">
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<emphasis id="0BDBB393F215B93F54ED1D65EA6A8F91" italics="true" pageNumber="407">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
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1
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</volumeTitle>
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||||
: 258. 1753
|
||||
</bibCitation>
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||||
</treatmentCitation>
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||||
.
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3419E87FEA2207A066102026D37D39D9" pageNumber="407" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="43DC3D77FF5F105A516D6368FF414EAF" pageNumber="407">"Habitat in Europae pomariis & cultis." RCN: 2065.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8EFE92D15D9C474B4A5E699AA06DA729" pageNumber="407" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E8F5DE94794CB38458D19ECAB58043CA" pageNumber="407">
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<materialsCitation id="4F035EAF4A4374BFC4BA05AF9BE047F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612072903" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="365.1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="11F8F3ECCB195FF75B93A4DCE1A1BCB0">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(Hedge & Lamond in Rechinger,
|
||||
<emphasis id="1A1AD93E74E37B89BB83B57A62647274" italics="true" pageNumber="407">Fl. Iranica</emphasis>
|
||||
162: 85. 1987): Herb. Linn. No. 365.1 (
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<collectionCode id="B49243B038B3CE161E99E86549CE1035">LINN</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="0FB0B018F2E04D43AF7621190913D5FE" pageNumber="407" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="B1A9322525CA06BA04B129D784A8AC12" pageNumber="407">
|
||||
Current name:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0700DB2819B003438F0B59F023E72C8C" ID-CoL="67HWS" authority="(L.) Hoffm." authorityName="Hoffm." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Anthriscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F55BC3F2159ECDFE189F20B6347FCB60" italics="true" pageNumber="407">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B88BE5D4C07177CEC69D6E07D7395951" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="407">Anthriscus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(L.) Hoffm.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E58A13C2144352A5DB43CA1D7924A7EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="2C8F3F5BF24BB5D79F848FB88FD923BC" pageNumber="407" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="1D6DF20B6E7806B0414FA021D151E059" pageNumber="407">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D326C974AD5CADBF81DA93B571D50E0" italics="true" pageNumber="407">Note:</emphasis>
|
||||
See detailed discussions by Spalik & Jarvis (in
|
||||
<emphasis id="2FED17382BDA337BEA32DB66C3D87020" italics="true" pageNumber="407">Taxon</emphasis>
|
||||
38: 292, f. 3. 1989) and Reduron & Spalik (in
|
||||
<emphasis id="3102F8E26660F882F0BABA2BF8EB5978" italics="true" pageNumber="407">Acta Bot. Gallica</emphasis>
|
||||
142: 75. 1995).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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data/02/75/87/027587C9BD04305DFD6E1B7A4E47E583.xml
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<mods:title id="6010E5CD24457606EFA760AFD7C31557">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD04305DFD6E1B7A4E47E583" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592972" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD04305DFD6E1B7A4E47E583" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD04305DFD6E1B7A4E47E583" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD04305CFD6E1B7A4EECE38E" ID-CoL="8YQBD" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[662,924,367,394]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFD6E1B7A4E4CE38D" bold="true" box="[662,828,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Atrichopogon</emphasis>
|
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Kieffer
|
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</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
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(
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFE661B874F5BE3AF" box="[414,555,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="256.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,203,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-145@256.[191,1386,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="256" captionText="FIGURE 11. Habitus. A. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). B. Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) crinume, female, in ventral view (from Tokunaga 1932). C. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1964). D. Atrichopogon hexastichus, male, in dorsal view (from Nielsen 1951). E. Atrichopogon wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Linley 1988). F. Atrichopogon muelleri, sex unknown, in dorsal view, with larval exuviae on posterior of abdomen (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). G. Dasyhelea vericolor, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). H. Schizonyxhelea bulla, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Thomsen 1937)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949094/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 11D–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFDCE1B874F15E3AF" box="[566,613,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">14E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFD891B874FD1E3AF" box="[625,673,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">18E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFD541B874FACE3AF" box="[684,732,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">23E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFD1F1B874E67E3AF" box="[743,791,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">29G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFCDA1B874E25E3AF" box="[802,853,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">32D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFC981B874EE3E3AF" box="[864,915,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">34D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFC671B874E9AE3AF" box="[927,1002,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan & Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">42S–T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFC0D1B874954E3AF" box="[1013,1060,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">47E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFBC81B874912E3AF" box="[1072,1122,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="301.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[221,1382,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-49@301.[213,1395,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="301" captionText="FIGURE 56. Abdominal segment four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Forcipomyia dominicana. B. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). C. Dasyhelea paracincta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949250/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">56B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFB951B8749E5E3AF" box="[1133,1173,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">72J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD04305CFF6F1BCF48EDE3F7" box="[151,1437,474,499]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD04305CFF6F1BCF48EDE3F7" blockId="42.[151,1437,474,2010]" box="[151,1437,474,499]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFF6F1BCF4C44E3F7" bold="true" box="[151,308,474,499]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD04305CFE241BCF4FEBE3F7" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[476,667,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with terminal process with at least some spicules directed anteriorly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD04305CFF3F1BEB4CF7E507" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD04305CFF3F1BEB4CF7E507" blockId="42.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFF3F1BEB4CFAE013" bold="true" box="[199,394,510,535]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFDC51BEB4FBDE013" box="[573,717,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="256.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,203,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-145@256.[191,1386,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="256" captionText="FIGURE 11. Habitus. A. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). B. Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) crinume, female, in ventral view (from Tokunaga 1932). C. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1964). D. Atrichopogon hexastichus, male, in dorsal view (from Nielsen 1951). E. Atrichopogon wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Linley 1988). F. Atrichopogon muelleri, sex unknown, in dorsal view, with larval exuviae on posterior of abdomen (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). G. Dasyhelea vericolor, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). H. Schizonyxhelea bulla, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Thomsen 1937)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949094/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 11D–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD04305CFC7F1BEB495FE012" box="[903,1071,510,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="2.425" valueMax="3.44" valueMin="1.41">1.41–3.44 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. With (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFB7E1BEB4999E013" box="[1158,1257,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="256.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,203,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-145@256.[191,1386,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="256" captionText="FIGURE 11. Habitus. A. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). B. Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) crinume, female, in ventral view (from Tokunaga 1932). C. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1964). D. Atrichopogon hexastichus, male, in dorsal view (from Nielsen 1951). E. Atrichopogon wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Linley 1988). F. Atrichopogon muelleri, sex unknown, in dorsal view, with larval exuviae on posterior of abdomen (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). G. Dasyhelea vericolor, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). H. Schizonyxhelea bulla, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Thomsen 1937)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949094/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFB7218374982E03F" box="[1162,1266,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear anterior or slightly medial to base of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFD5E18534E66E05B" box="[678,790,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFCDB18534E26E05B" box="[803,854,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">79B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along posterolateral portion of eye.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFAF918534831E05B" bold="true" box="[1281,1345,582,607]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFEE8187F4C0EE087" box="[272,382,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, with dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFDD6189B4FE2E0A3" box="[558,658,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFB7818A74993E0CF" box="[1152,1251,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible, lacinia well-developed, not overlapping apically; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, in some by hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFBB918EF49D9E117" box="[1089,1193,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFAFD190B481AE133" box="[1285,1386,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 moderate to elongate seta; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 short seta or 1 very short or elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFD8C19734FAFE17B" box="[628,735,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFAF91973481BE17B" box="[1281,1387,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFE40199F4F61E1A7" bold="true" box="[440,529,906,931]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFCCC199F4EECE1A7" box="[820,924,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) absent; mesonotum with long, bifurcating tubercles, extending posteromedially, completely dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFBE419BB49F2E1C3" box="[1052,1154,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 47E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFA9C19BB4DC4E1EF" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan & Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 42</figureCitation>
|
||||
S-T) length/width = 1.25–3.50, variable, knob-like to elongate, with posterior basal swelling or lobe, somewhat flattened laterally, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single straight or curved row or two widely spaced rows, outer surface smooth or with a few wrinkles, with welldeveloped, flattened pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, surface smooth; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFBEA1E77490CE67F" box="[1042,1148,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFC8C1E934EACE69B" box="[884,988,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly separate; halter apex abutting anterolateral edge of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFDBE1EBF4FC0E6C7" box="[582,688,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing slightly sinuous to evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFC541EDB4967E6E3" box="[940,1047,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 campaniform sensillum; anterolaterals—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFB3D1F03485EE72B" box="[1221,1326,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 29G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-2-T, D-3-T on single tubercle in some, or closely associated; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum present or absent; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFC4E1F4B4967E773" box="[950,1047,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 47E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFDC71F974FC3E79F" bold="true" box="[575,691,1410,1435]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or somewhat wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, without tubercles or segments 1–5 to 1–8 with branched or setaceous elongate tubercles, tubercles rounded to pointed, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFDFB1FFB4F15E403" box="[515,613,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 72J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) variable in shape, terminal processes widely separated basally, each projecting posterolaterally, tapering near apex to point, with at least some spicules directed anteriorly; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFEFD1C234C1AE44B" box="[261,362,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 47E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 3 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 2 lateral sensilla, D-3-I absent, D-7-I absent; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFEEF1C4F4C0AE477" box="[279,378,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="301.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[221,1382,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-49@301.[213,1395,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="301" captionText="FIGURE 56. Abdominal segment four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Forcipomyia dominicana. B. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). C. Dasyhelea paracincta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949250/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 56B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV moderately elongate seta, without tubercle, D-3-IV absent; D-4-IV present; D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV absent; D-4-IV without tubercle, L-1-IV slender or stout, short to elongate seta present or absent, V-5-IV, V-6-IV present or absent, V-7-IV small seta, none on tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD04305CFE121CD34F37E4DB" box="[490,583,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 72J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-5-IX campaniform sensillum, possibly D-6-IX present but inadequate specimens examined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD04305CFF3F1D1B4E77E5B2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD04305CFF3F1D1B4E77E5B2" blockId="42.[151,1437,474,2010]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFF3F1D1B4F2EE523" bold="true" box="[199,606,1806,1831]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD04305CFD131D1B4EF5E523" box="[747,901,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFD131D1B4EF5E523" box="[747,901,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Atrichopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 521 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD04305CFEE51D274CCDE54F" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,445,1842,1867]" genus="Borkent" pageId="42" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD04305CFEE51D274CCDE54F" author="Borkent" box="[285,445,1842,1867]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures occur in aquatic to terrestrial habitats, generally in shaded areas on algae or mosses present on or at the edge of ponds, marshes and streams, or over wet soil, rock surfaces and wet wood. Larvae and pupae are also found under bark of logs, on rotting leaves, and other moist microhabitats in forests where fungi and microorganisms are available for food.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD04305DFF3F1DD44973E153" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD04305DFF3F1DD44EA3E2FC" blockId="42.[151,1437,474,2010]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,151,1927]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFF3F1DD44F5DE5DE" bold="true" box="[199,557,1985,2010]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of only 39 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD04305CFC4F1DD44921E5DE" box="[951,1105,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD04305CFC4F1DD44921E5DE" box="[951,1105,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Atrichopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been described (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD04305DFAA91DD44DB2E2B4" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
) and these different significantly in numbers of details. Indeed, the morphology of both larvae and pupae are so diverse that previous workers have suggested that the immatures would provide a better means of distinguishing the species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFED81ACA4CC8E2FC" author="Nielsen" box="[288,440,223,248]" firstAuthor="Nielsen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref191812" refString="Nielsen, A. (1951) Contributions to the metamorphosis and biology of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) with remarks on the evolution and taxonomy of the genus. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 6 (6), 1 - 95, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1951">Nielsen 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFE3C1AF54FA0E2FC" author="Ewen & Saunders" box="[452,720,223,248]" firstAuthor="Ewen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="671 - 724" refId="ref182623" refString="Ewen, A. B. & Saunders, L. G. (1958) Contributions toward a revision of the genus Atrichopogon based on characters of all stages (Diptera, Heleidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 36, 671 - 724. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 58 - 061" type="journal article" year="1958">Ewen & Saunders 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFD231ACA4EB6E2FC" author="Chan & Linley" box="[731,966,223,248]" firstAuthor="Chan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="186 - 201" refId="ref179312" refString="Chan, K. L. & Linley, J. R. (1988) Description of Atrichopogon wirthi new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from leaves of the water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) in Florida. Florida Entomologist, 71, 186 - 201." type="journal article" year="1988">Chan & Linley 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD05305DFF3F1B164C6CE3CA" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFF3F1B164C9FE318" author="Szadziewski" box="[199,495,259,284]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Szadziewski" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="181 - 190" refId="ref197198" refString="Szadziewski, R., Gilka, W. & Anthon, H. (1995) Immature stages of two European species of the subgenus Meloehelea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with keys to the European subgenera of Atrichopogon. Entomologica Scandinavica, 26, 181 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631295 X 00189" type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a key to European subgenera and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFC061B1649FCE318" author="Lenz" box="[1022,1164,259,284]" firstAuthor="Lenz" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref189178" refString="Lenz, F. (1934) B. Die Metamorphose der Heleidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. Vol. 3. Stuttgart, pp. 95 - 128." type="book" year="1934">Lenz (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
gave a key to the few European species previously described as pupae.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFD2B1B324E89E33B" author="Ewen & Saunders" box="[723,1017,294,319]" firstAuthor="Ewen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="671 - 724" refId="ref182623" refString="Ewen, A. B. & Saunders, L. G. (1958) Contributions toward a revision of the genus Atrichopogon based on characters of all stages (Diptera, Heleidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 36, 671 - 724. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 58 - 061" type="journal article" year="1958">Ewen & Saunders (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described 19 species from the New World but did not include a key (in spite of obvious differences between taxa).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFBFD1B5F49DCE367" author="Nielsen" box="[1029,1196,330,355]" firstAuthor="Nielsen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref191812" refString="Nielsen, A. (1951) Contributions to the metamorphosis and biology of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) with remarks on the evolution and taxonomy of the genus. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 6 (6), 1 - 95, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1951">Nielsen (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described six species from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFF211B7B4C31E383" box="[217,321,366,391]" name="Denmark" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||||
in well-illustrated and detailed study, including their behaviour and biology. His phylogenetic interpretation of the genus included pupal structures.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFD111B874ED2E3AF" author="Thomsen" box="[745,930,402,427]" firstAuthor="Thomsen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref197679" refString="Thomsen, L. C. (1937) Aquatic Diptera Part V. Ceratopogonidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 210, 57 - 80, pls. 10 - 18." type="journal article" year="1937">Thomsen (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
gave a brief key to the three Nearctic species she studied.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD05305DFF3F1BCC4EA6E03D" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
The description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFE581BCF4F50E3F6" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[416,544,473,498]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="websteri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFE581BCF4F50E3F6" box="[416,544,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. websteri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFDB61BCC4E79E3F6" author="Thomsen" box="[590,777,473,498]" firstAuthor="Thomsen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref197679" refString="Thomsen, L. C. (1937) Aquatic Diptera Part V. Ceratopogonidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 210, 57 - 80, pls. 10 - 18." type="journal article" year="1937">Thomsen (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggests it was misidentified. As illustrated, the elongate respiratory organ, the lack of lateral abdominal tubercles and the terminal processes closely approximated medially and with posteriorly directed spicules suggest it is actually a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFCB818374EBFE03D" box="[832,975,546,569]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Forcipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFCB818374EBFE03D" box="[832,975,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Forcipomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD05305DFF3F18504973E153" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
Pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFECA18514CBCE059" box="[306,460,580,605]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFECA18514CBCE059" box="[306,460,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Atrichopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a reduced number of thoracic sensilla, making the exact naming of these unsure. D-3-T, as a unique campaniform sensillum, is likely homologous to that in other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFBDD187D4998E085" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1061,1256,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The abdominal chaetotaxy is also strongly reduced and the remaining sensilla vary in position, making identification of specific sensilla (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD05305DFEC218BA4CEEE0CC" box="[314,414,687,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="301.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[221,1382,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-49@301.[213,1395,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="301" captionText="FIGURE 56. Abdominal segment four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Forcipomyia dominicana. B. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). C. Dasyhelea paracincta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949250/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 56B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) often uncertain. Some species have one or two more sensilla on abdominal segment four (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFF2818C14C16E0E8" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[208,358,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFF2818C14C16E0E8" box="[208,358,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. maculosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has two lateral setae) and the presence of heavy shagreen in many species makes it particularly difficult to discern sensilla when these are small. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFD1418ED4E09E114" baseAuthorityName="de Meijere" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[748,889,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFD1418ED4E09E114" box="[748,889,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. jacobsoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, sensillum D-4-IV identified here appears to be homologous to an elongate seta. Furthermore, homologies are further confused by the failure of some descriptions to distinguish tubercles with or without sensilla (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD05305DFD11192A4E87E153" author="Ewen & Saunders" box="[745,1015,830,855]" firstAuthor="Ewen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="671 - 724" refId="ref182623" refString="Ewen, A. B. & Saunders, L. G. (1958) Contributions toward a revision of the genus Atrichopogon based on characters of all stages (Diptera, Heleidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 36, 671 - 724. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 58 - 061" type="journal article" year="1958">Ewen & Saunders 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD05305DFF3F19774E47E583" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD05305DFF3F19774E47E583" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFF3F19774F76E17F" bold="true" box="[199,518,866,891]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFDE319764FFBE17F" authorityName="Ewen & Saunders" authorityYear="1958" box="[539,651,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFDE319764FFBE17F" box="[539,651,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. bifidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD05305DFD5819774F80E17E" box="[672,752,866,891]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
(of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFCD219774EFFE17F" box="[810,911,866,891]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Nictheroy,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFBD119774900E17F" box="[1065,1136,866,891]" name="Brazil" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFB791977487FE17F" box="[1153,1295,866,891]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1923-07-31">31-VII-1923</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFA7C19764C52E19B" authorityName="Ewen & Saunders" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribbeanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFA7C19764C52E19B" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. caribbeanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFDEF19934FF4E19B" box="[535,644,902,927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFD6C19934F9AE19B" box="[660,746,902,927]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFD0F19934E96E19B" box="[759,998,902,927]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Tobago and Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFC0B1993491BE19B" box="[1011,1131,902,927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1953-05-31">31-V-1953</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFB211993480DE19B" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[1241,1405,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corpulentus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFB211993480DE19B" box="[1241,1405,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. corpulentus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFE8F19BF4CACE1C7" box="[375,476,938,963]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Nanaimo, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFD5419BF4E73E1C7" box="[684,771,938,963]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFCEE19BF4ED3E1C7" box="[790,931,938,963]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1926-07-22">22-VII-1926</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFBE419BF49E7E1C6" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[1052,1175,938,962]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinitus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFBE419BF49E7E1C6" box="[1052,1175,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. crinitus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFF6F19D84C77E1E2" box="[151,263,973,998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Nanaimo, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE3C19D84F6BE1E2" box="[452,539,973,998]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFDDF19D84FC4E1E2" box="[551,692,973,998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1926-07-22">22-VII-1926</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFCD919DB4EF4E1E2" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[801,900,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFCD919DB4EF4E1E2" box="[801,900,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFB8F19D84997E1E2" box="[1143,1255,973,998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Beaver Creek, Saskatoon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFED819E44CB1E60E" box="[288,449,1009,1034]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE2C19E44F5BE60E" box="[468,555,1009,1034]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFDC619E44FDBE60E" box="[574,683,1009,1034]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1955-10-08">8-X-1955</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFCDC19E74ED7E60E" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[804,935,1009,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFCDC19E74ED7E60E" box="[804,935,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. fusculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Pike Lake, Saskatoon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFF6F1E004C49E62A" box="[151,313,1045,1070]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFEBD1E004CECE62A" box="[325,412,1045,1070]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFE511E004F78E62A" box="[425,520,1045,1070]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1956-09">IX-1956</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFD8E1E034FADE62A" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[630,733,1045,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFD8E1E034FADE62A" box="[630,733,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 5 pupal exuviae, no locality, coll. by Goetghebuer (so likely western Europe) (CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFE421E2C4F47E655" authorityName="Boesel" authorityYear="1973" box="[442,567,1081,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFE421E2C4F47E655" box="[442,567,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. geminus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFD9E1E2C4FC8E656" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[614,696,1081,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFD9E1E2C4FC8E656" box="[614,696,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. levis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
): 3 pupal exuviae, Put-in-Bay,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFBE01E2C4923E656" box="[1048,1107,1081,1106]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFBA71E2C49E7E656" box="[1119,1175,1081,1106]" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFAFA1E2C48E4E656" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[1282,1428,1081,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humicolus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFAFA1E2C48E4E656" box="[1282,1428,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. humicolus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFE7C1E494C99E671" box="[388,489,1116,1141]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Saskatoon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFD7B1E494E54E671" box="[643,804,1116,1141]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFCCB1E494EFAE671" box="[819,906,1116,1141]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFC601E49497FE671" box="[920,1039,1116,1141]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1955-09-09">9-IX-1955</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFB871E484843E670" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[1151,1331,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconspicuus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFB871E484843E670" box="[1151,1331,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. inconspicuus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFEE41E954CFCE69D" box="[284,396,1152,1177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Saskatoon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFDE61E954FB0E69D" box="[542,704,1152,1177]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFD321E954E51E69D" box="[714,801,1152,1177]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFCD41E954EA5E69D" box="[812,981,1152,1177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1955-09-17" valueMax="1955-09-24" valueMin="1955-09-17">17-24-IX-1955</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFBC71E9449C6E69D" authorityName="Ewen & Saunders" authorityYear="1958" box="[1087,1206,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incultus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFBC71E9449C6E69D" box="[1087,1206,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. incultus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFF6F1EB14D8CE6B9" box="[151,252,1188,1213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Siquirres,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE791EB14C8EE6B9" box="[385,510,1188,1213]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFDF11EB14FFEE6B9" box="[521,654,1188,1213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1956-06-18">18-VI-1956</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFD001EB04EF4E6B9" baseAuthorityName="de Meijere" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[760,900,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFD001EB04EF4E6B9" box="[760,900,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. jacobsoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Batu Caves, Cavern A,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFAA11EB14D83E6DB" country="Malaysia" name="Kuala Lumpur" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kuala Lumpur</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Selanger,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE8D1ED24CAEE6E4" box="[373,478,1223,1248]" name="Malaysia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFE151ED24F0AE6E4" box="[493,634,1223,1248]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1960-12-27">27-XII-1960</date>
|
||||
(ANIC);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD05305DFD081ED24E32E6DB" box="[752,834,1223,1248]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFAF71ED248EBE6E4" box="[1295,1435,1223,1248]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1960-12-27">27-XII-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFEF01EF94CECE700" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[264,412,1259,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFEF01EF94CECE700" box="[264,412,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. maculosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD05305DFE531EFE4F74E707" box="[427,516,1259,1284]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 5 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFD151EFE4E2DE700" box="[749,861,1259,1284]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Beaver Creek, Saskatoon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFB6D1EFE4847E700" box="[1173,1335,1259,1284]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFAB91EFE48E8E700" box="[1345,1432,1259,1284]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFF6F1F1A4C22E72C" box="[151,338,1295,1320]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1955-08-25" valueMax="1955-08-28" valueMin="1955-08-25">25-28-VIII-1955</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFB3B1F1A4843E72C" box="[1219,1331,1295,1320]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFAC61F1A4809E72C" box="[1342,1401,1295,1320]" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFA7D1F1A4C78E748" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1979-08-01">1- VIII-1979</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFCCF1F264EBDE748" box="[823,973,1331,1356]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1979-08-10">10-VIII-1979</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD05305DFAE81F264834E748" box="[1296,1348,1331,1356]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
|
||||
NW of Davidsburg, York County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFE3F1F434F2FE76B" box="[455,607,1366,1391]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFD941F434FD7E76B" box="[620,679,1366,1391]" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFD4C1F434E43E76B" box="[692,819,1366,1391]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1961-07-04">4-VII-1961</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFC561F424957E76B" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[942,1063,1367,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFC561F424957E76B" box="[942,1063,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. minutus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae, Lit. Abington, Cambs.,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFF031F6F4C2BE797" box="[251,347,1402,1427]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">England</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE901F6F4C8FE797" box="[360,511,1402,1427]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFDF51F6F4FD3E797" box="[525,675,1402,1427]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1924-08-27">27-VIII-1924</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae, Truro,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFBDD1F6F490CE797" box="[1061,1148,1402,1427]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFB701F6F486FE797" box="[1160,1311,1402,1427]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1925-08-10">10-VIII-1925</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 8 pupal exuviae, Nanaimo, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE1F1F8B4F4EE7B3" box="[487,574,1438,1463]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFDB01F8B4FA5E7B3" box="[584,725,1438,1463]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1926-07-22">22-VII-1926</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 11 pupal exuviae, Victoria, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFB5C1F8B498BE7B3" box="[1188,1275,1438,1463]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFAFE1F8B48EBE7B3" box="[1286,1435,1438,1463]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1947-08-26">26-VIII-1947</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 14 pupal exuviae, previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFD5B1FD74E41E7DF" box="[675,817,1474,1499]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1948-07-20">20-VII-1948</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 11 pupal exuviae, previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFABF1FD74DBFE7FA" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1948-07-12">12-VII- 1948</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFEC31FF34CB0E7FA" baseAuthorityName="Ewen & Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[315,448,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFEC31FF34CB0E7FA" box="[315,448,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD05305DFE281FF04F6EE7F9" box="[464,542,1509,1534]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFCF61FF04E03E7FA" box="[782,883,1509,1534]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFC7E1FF34E8DE7FA" box="[902,1021,1510,1534]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Mayaguez" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mayaguez</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFBF21FF349E3E7FA" box="[1034,1171,1509,1534]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFB671FF04868E7FA" box="[1183,1304,1509,1534]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1953-02-25">25-II-1953</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFA7C1FF34C76E425" baseAuthorityName="Ewen & Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remigatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFA7C1FF34C76E425" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. remigatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFE061C1C4F13E426" box="[510,611,1545,1570]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Petropolis,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFD011C1C4E30E426" box="[761,832,1545,1570]" name="Brazil" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFCB51C1C4EABE426" box="[845,987,1545,1570]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1923-07-27">27-VII-1923</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFBB01C1F49A6E426" baseAuthorityName="Ewen & Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1096,1238,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFBB01C1F49A6E426" box="[1096,1238,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. saundersi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFF3C1C384C44E442" box="[196,308,1581,1606]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFEB41C3B4CB3E442" box="[332,451,1582,1606]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Mayaguez" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mayaguez</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE2B1C3B4F10E442" box="[467,608,1581,1606]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFD891C384F83E442" box="[625,755,1581,1606]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1953-03-27">27-III-1953</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFC901C3B4967E442" baseAuthorityName="Ewen & Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[872,1047,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFC901C3B4967E442" box="[872,1047,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD05305DFAD81C3848E0E442" box="[1312,1424,1581,1606]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Macaras,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFEF11C444C1BE46E" box="[265,363,1617,1642]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFE841C444F79E46E" box="[380,521,1617,1642]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1957-07-14">14-VII-1957</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFD871C444E7CE46D" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1922" box="[639,780,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="winnertzi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFD871C444E7CE46D" box="[639,780,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. winnertzi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFCBD1C444E8BE46E" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[837,1019,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meloesugans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFCBD1C444E8BE46E" box="[837,1019,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. meloesugans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
): 12 pupal exuviae, Strelly, Notts.,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFF6F1C614D87E489" box="[151,247,1652,1677]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">England</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFEFD1C614CEEE489" box="[261,414,1652,1677]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFE531C614F51E489" box="[427,545,1652,1677]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1922-11-03">3-XI-1922</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFD691C604F85E489" box="[657,757,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Forcipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wirthi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFD691C604F85E489" box="[657,757,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A. wirthi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Chinese Farm, Ft. Pierce, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFAA51C6148E8E489" box="[1373,1432,1652,1677]" name="United States of America" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFF6F1C8D4D8FE4B5" box="[151,255,1688,1713]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1987-07">VII-1987</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFE941C8C4C0DE4B4" box="[364,381,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD05305DFE491C8D4F54E4B5" authorityName="Ewen" authorityYear="1958" box="[433,548,1688,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humicolus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFE491C8D4F54E4B5" box="[433,548,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">humicolus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: no locality given,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFCF91C8D4E24E4B5" box="[769,852,1688,1713]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1953-05">V-1953</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFC371C8C4E90E4B4" box="[975,992,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFC001C8D49D0E4B5" box="[1016,1184,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lophomyidium</emphasis>
|
||||
) sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, orilla Rio Dantes, Parque Nacional Barbilla,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFD621CA94F85E4D1" box="[666,757,1724,1749]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cartago</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFCFA1CA94EF1E4D1" box="[770,897,1724,1749]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFC771CA94978E4D1" box="[911,1032,1724,1749]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2006-02-10">10-II-2006</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD05305DFB8E1CA849F7E4D0" box="[1142,1159,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 4 pupal exuviae, 2 pupal exuviae (in glycerin),
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD05305DFE1D1CCA4F47E4FC" box="[485,567,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
|
||||
NW of Enderby,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFCF61CCA4EA6E4FC" box="[782,982,1759,1784]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFC1E1CCA494DE4FC" box="[998,1085,1759,1784]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFBB41CCA49A1E4FC" box="[1100,1233,1759,1784]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1990-06-27">27-VI-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Opinicon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFE4E1D164F7EE518" box="[438,526,1795,1820]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFDE31D164F01E518" box="[539,625,1795,1820]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, coll.
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFD401D164E37E518" box="[696,839,1795,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1966-07-11">11-VII-1966</date>
|
||||
, emerged
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFC441D164923E518" box="[956,1107,1795,1820]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1966-08-29">29-VIII-1966</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFE921D324C87E544" box="[362,503,1831,1856]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1966-12-12">12-XII-1966</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFBCE1D3249BCE544" box="[1078,1228,1831,1856]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1966-08-25">25-VIII-1966</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFF041D5E4C14E560" box="[252,356,1867,1892]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">St. Pierre</collectingCountry>
|
||||
de Wakefield,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFDF51D5E4F15E560" box="[525,613,1867,1892]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFD881D5E4FB7E560" box="[624,711,1867,1892]" name="Canada" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFD2A1D5E4E26E560" box="[722,854,1867,1892]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1964-06-25">25-VI-1964</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 5 pupal exuviae, orilla Rio Dantes, Parque Nacional Barbilla,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD05305DFE931D7B4CB6E583" box="[363,454,1902,1927]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cartago</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD05305DFE2A1D7B4F3EE583" box="[466,590,1902,1927]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD05305DFDA21D7B4FA3E583" box="[602,723,1902,1927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2006-02-10">10-II-2006</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
1025
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD09305CFD62189B4ECFE319.xml
Normal file
1025
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD09305CFD62189B4ECFE319.xml
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
211
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4.xml
Normal file
211
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:mods id="B82EB877D011D148B8AC045DE8ED6D7D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="1232237B2F56D74721D685DB5A1E50F0">
|
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<mods:title id="2A1799CF5053135F62D8752CF856390F">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="89621D3DC782B6C9EEE68E761744FD45" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="73533E6FA4C57B59821611F01625615A">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="D56F64B86C88445AFED12B10425C5F77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EEA9ACAB027C82259EB2469AA45D5113">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="B7A7D6423C9673FB60095A78FD0CF98A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="D359973D9BB5E147D7F3E75A45165D18">
|
||||
<mods:title id="C8FEA069D3892C914432D7B2421CEFB9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="6EFD7F8653BE83D864D27CBF3083B3B9">
|
||||
<mods:date id="7614D266058979EFCF7BD30C3ED3AB2C">2014</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="2220038BD2178EF9439A217AD0E562E5" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="3281175EC0ED8F3461E13B300813C920">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="04F41003A054D5915EC49B6BAAB0B462" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="DEABC8BFD1A6CFFC4E520A4188544386">3879</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="36A68851749E4B5A4B0A7BB7EDA0AC2A" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="73AB6F9DB5F4FD9984ADE4E19784C0E0">1</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="118B62B2DD5BBCD4341B43908DB5DBC1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F8E319AC1868CA3F7647F3A766D9156D" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="7E9985D861F9F94C7A6411D76267F5E4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="60AF5720979B579E8350EA104450030F" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="C851AE6FC7ECCF16CB69F3DE3A20F26C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="833742F651613BF6582D5C10AAD9F3D1" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="063432A5ACA8DE1641A9EC76CEC02C25" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589199" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589199" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" box="[626,960,717,743]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" blockId="36.[408,1179,717,776]" box="[626,960,717,743]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" ID-CoL="369G" ID-ENA="209696" authority="Wirth & Lee" authorityName="Wirth & Lee" box="[626,960,717,743]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" bold="true" box="[626,960,717,743]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FD8A18D84E68E0E3" bold="true" box="[626,792,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Austroconops</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth & Lee
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3052FE6018FA49EBE10C" box="[408,1179,751,776]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3052FE6018FA49EBE10C" blockId="36.[408,1179,717,776]" box="[408,1179,751,776]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE5918FA4F74E10C" box="[417,516,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDE818FA4F32E10C" box="[528,578,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDB618FA4FF1E10C" box="[590,641,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">18A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD7518FA4FCFE10C" box="[653,703,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">23A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD3318FA4F8EE10C" box="[715,766,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">29A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCF118FA4E4CE10C" box="[777,828,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">32A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCB018FA4E0BE10C" box="[840,891,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">34A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC7E18FA4EAAE10C" box="[902,986,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan & Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">42A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC1C18FA4968E10C" box="[996,1048,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">47A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FBDB18FA4926E10C" box="[1059,1110,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="300.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[227,1388,234,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-61@300.[219,1401,229,1968]" captionTargetPageId="300" captionText="FIGURE 55. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949244/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">55A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FB9918FA49E3E10C" box="[1121,1171,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">72A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3052FF6F19224C3CE19C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3052FF6F19224C3CE19C" blockId="36.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FF6F19224C44E154" bold="true" box="[151,308,823,848]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0A3052FE0C19224FC3E154" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[500,691,823,848]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with pair of elongate dorsocephalic sclerite setae abutting the respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE9E19494CB0E171" box="[358,448,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique with prothoracic extension restricted to lateral margin of palpus as narrow lobe (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF2E196A4C4FE19C" box="[214,319,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3053FF3F19B14CFFE344" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3053FF3F19B14CFFE344" blockId="36.[151,1437,823,2037]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FF3F19B14CFAE1B9" bold="true" box="[199,394,932,957]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDC819B14FF8E1B9" box="[560,648,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD0A3052FCCD19B14EECE1BF" box="[821,924,932,957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.84" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.84">1.84 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum separate from lateral margin of face (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC8F19D24E94E1E4" box="[887,996,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear along anterior of and anteromedial to base of antenna, entire head capsule loose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCBC19F94EC8E601" box="[836,952,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC3D19F94E8AE601" box="[965,1018,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">79A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FBF719F9493FE601" bold="true" box="[1039,1103,1004,1029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FADD19F948FEE601" box="[1317,1422,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF261E214C34E649" box="[222,324,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side broadly meeting medially in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD521E424E63E674" box="[682,787,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible, lacinia well-developed, not overlapping apically; palpus extending anterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FEE51E8A4CF3E6BC" box="[285,387,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE2A1ED14F4BE6D9" box="[466,571,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—2 elongate setae with apices laying against respiratory organ, 1 campaniform sensillum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FAD61EF248FEE704" box="[1326,1422,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FEB71F194CCAE721" box="[335,442,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta (campaniform sensillum, if present, invisible on wrinkled cuticle); oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF0F1F3A4C2BE74C" box="[247,347,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae, one longer than other.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FCC21F3A4EE3E74C" bold="true" box="[826,915,1327,1352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FB5B1F3A4879E74C" box="[1187,1289,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) restricted to lateral margin of palpus as narrow lobe; mesonotum without tubercles, extending posteromedially, nearly dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE621F624F79E794" box="[410,521,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD071F624EE7E794" box="[767,919,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan & Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 42A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.27, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened laterally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with elongate conical pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ elongate, annulated, tracheal tube slightly sinuous, with spirals extending just over half length, distally smooth; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE601C124C8DE424" box="[408,509,1543,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FECE1C394CEEE441" box="[310,414,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly separate; halter apex extending to about half length of tergite 1; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FAD41C3948E4E441" box="[1324,1428,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing somewhat sinuous; hind leg not visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF261C614C36E489" box="[222,326,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 very minute seta; anterolaterals—2 elongate, 1 short setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FB0C1C824829E4B4" box="[1268,1369,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D- 1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T bifurcating setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T, if present, posteromedial to D-4-T; supraalar 2—elongate seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE2F1CCA4F43E4FC" box="[471,563,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD001CCA4E10E4FC" box="[760,864,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FE041D114F00E519" bold="true" box="[508,624,1796,1821]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segments 2, 3 equally or nearly equally wide, segments with elongate, bifurcating setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC381D594958E561" box="[960,1064,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 72A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes widely separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally with apex directed dorsally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDFA1D814F18E5A9" box="[514,616,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 5 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum, including 1 lateral sensillum, D- 2-I, D-3-I on shared tubercle, D-7-I absent; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCF11DAD4E1FE5D5" box="[777,879,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="300.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[227,1388,234,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-61@300.[219,1401,229,1968]" captionTargetPageId="300" captionText="FIGURE 55. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949244/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 55A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV elongate, bifid setae on single tubercle; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV bifurcating elongate setae on short, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-7-IV, D-9-IV; D-4-IV positioned medial to D-3- IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on short, pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV bifid setae on short pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV bifid setae, V-5-IV, V-6-IV on elongate tubercles, V- 7-IV on short tubercle; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, with L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBDA1B1149F8E319" box="[1058,1160,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 72A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FF3F1B594EA8E01C" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FF3F1B594EA8E01C" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF3F1B594F2FE361" bold="true" box="[199,607,332,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FD161B594EF7E367" box="[750,903,332,355]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FD161B594EF7E367" box="[750,903,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Austroconops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, once broadly distributed in the Cretaceous, is now known from two species from southwestern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD0B3053FD2E1B7A4E4DE38C" box="[726,829,367,392]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FCB71B7A492AE38C" author="Borkent & Craig" box="[847,1114,367,392]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 <0001: AWALAL> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent & Craig 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Although immmatures are unknown in nature, the larvae moved snake-like through very wet substrate in the laboratory, clearly indicating that their natural habitat must be subaquatic or aquatic. It would be valuable to search for larvae and pupae at Yanchep National Park, in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD0B3053FE9B1BC94F40E3F1" box="[355,560,476,501]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, where a large adult population of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FC3B1BC94924E3F1" authorityName="Wirth & Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[963,1108,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcmillani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FC3B1BC94924E3F1" box="[963,1108,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. mcmillani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lives with this in mind. The behaviour of the lethargic pupa was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FD3B1BEA4EA4E01C" author="Borkent & Craig" box="[707,980,511,536]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 <0001: AWALAL> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent & Craig (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FF3F18314E3CE0AC" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FF3F18314E3CE0AC" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF3F18314F5EE039" bold="true" box="[199,558,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FDB818314E28E039" author="Borkent & Craig" box="[576,856,548,573]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 <0001: AWALAL> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent & Craig (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FB9D18314988E039" authorityName="Wirth & Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[1125,1272,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcmillani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FB9D18314988E039" box="[1125,1272,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. mcmillani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from a single pupal exuviae, reared from an egg, and this is the only known specimen of the genus.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FB7E185248ECE064" author="Borkent & Craig" box="[1158,1436,583,608]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 <0001: AWALAL> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent & Craig (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
missed D-3-T and D-4-I (both campaniform sensilla), identified the closely approximated sensilla D-2-IV and D-3- IV as a single seta (as dasm ii) and missed the minute D-1-IV.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FF3F18A14EDAE0F4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FF3F18A14EDAE0F4" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF3F18A14F78E0C9" bold="true" box="[199,520,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FDE618A14FC4E0C9" authorityName="Wirth & Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[542,692,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcmillani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FDE618A14FC4E0C9" box="[542,692,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. mcmillani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Yanchep National Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD0B3053FB3D18A148E8E0C9" box="[1221,1432,692,717]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD0B3053FF6F18C24C71E0F4" box="[151,257,727,752]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, reared from egg from female collected
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD0B3053FD3A18C24E36E0F4" box="[706,838,727,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2001-11-20">20-XI-2001</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
429
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Normal file
429
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FD5C19514EFEE15A" ID-CoL="9G2L7" authority="Skuse" authorityName="Skuse" box="[676,910,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FD5C19514E4DE15A" bold="true" box="[676,829,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
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Skuse
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FEA919734992E17B" box="[337,1250,870,895]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FEA919734992E17B" blockId="37.[337,1250,836,895]" box="[337,1250,870,895]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FEA119734CACE17B" box="[345,476,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 8B–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FE1019734F6AE17B" box="[488,538,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">13A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FDDE19734F27E17B" box="[550,599,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FD9B19734FE4E17B" box="[611,660,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">18B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FD6719734FA0E17B" box="[671,720,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">23B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FD2419734E5EE17B" box="[732,814,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">29B–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FCC119734E1BE17B" box="[825,875,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">32B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FC8E19734ED7E17B" box="[886,935,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">34B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FC4B19734976E17B" box="[947,1030,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan & Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">42C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBEA19734933E17B" box="[1042,1091,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">47B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBB61973490FE17B" box="[1102,1151,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="300.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[227,1388,234,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-61@300.[219,1401,229,1968]" captionTargetPageId="300" captionText="FIGURE 55. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949244/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">55B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FB73197349ABE17B" box="[1163,1243,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">72B–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FF6F19BB4C63E637" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FF6F19BB4C63E637" blockId="37.[151,1436,942,2011]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF6F19BB4C44E1C3" bold="true" box="[151,308,942,967]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FE1219BB4FD9E1C3" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[490,681,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with apically rounded, lobe-like terminal process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FB0319BB48FFE1C3" box="[1275,1423,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 72B–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique without the hind leg visible laterally along the wing margin and the palpus extending beyond the labium (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FF0E19E34C10E60B" box="[246,352,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique to many species in the presence of thick, recurved setae on abdominal segments (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FF671E0F4C76E637" box="[159,262,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="300.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[227,1388,234,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-61@300.[219,1401,229,1968]" captionTargetPageId="300" captionText="FIGURE 55. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949244/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 55B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3050FF3F1E2B4E31E039" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3050FF3F1E2B4E31E039" blockId="37.[151,1436,942,2011]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF3F1E2B4CFAE653" bold="true" box="[199,394,1086,1111]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FDCB1E2B4FC6E653" box="[563,694,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 8B–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD0B3053FC9E1E2B497CE652" box="[870,1036,1086,1111]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" metricValueMax="2.69" metricValueMin="1.69" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.19" valueMax="2.69" valueMin="1.69">1.69–2.69 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum separate from lateral margin of face (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FC3F1E77495FE67F" box="[967,1071,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear along anterior to base of antenna, entire head capsule loose (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FD791E934F83E69B" box="[641,755,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FD071E934E43E69B" box="[767,819,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">79A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FCBF1E934EF7E69B" bold="true" box="[839,903,1158,1183]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBA21E9349B0E69B" box="[1114,1216,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral bend uncertain (no alcohol pupal exuviae examined), without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FE981EDB4CB9E6E3" box="[352,457,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side broadly meeting medially in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FCC51EE74ED4E70F" box="[829,932,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible, lacinia well-developed, not overlapping apically; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FD971F2F4FA7E757" box="[623,727,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 34B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FC9B1F4B4EBBE773" box="[867,971,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta, at least 2 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FA971F974DB7E7BB" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 very short seta; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FDDE1FB34FFEE7BB" box="[550,654,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum (barely visible).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FAC41FB348E5E7BB" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,1446,1471]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FE4F1FDF4F5BE7E7" box="[439,555,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) absent; mesonotum with moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FD091FFB4E2CE403" box="[753,860,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 47B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBB31FFB4991E403" box="[1099,1249,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan & Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 42C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 1.17–1.95, short, squat or moderately elongate, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single or double row, outer surface smooth, with elongate conical pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube somewhat curved, expanded apically, with spirals extending just over half length, distally smooth; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FB791C6B4997E493" box="[1153,1255,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 34B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBD51CB749E0E4BF" box="[1069,1168,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence & Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FB641CB749BCE4BF" box="[1180,1228,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">32B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly separate; halter apex extending to about half length of tergite 1; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FCCA1CD34EE6E4DB" box="[818,918,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 34B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing strongly curved, sinuous; hind leg not visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBCC1CFF49EDE507" box="[1076,1181,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 32B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—6 campaniform sensilla; anterolaterals—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FB591D274843E54F" box="[1185,1331,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 29B–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T short or moderately elongate thick seta, D-2-T campaniform sensillum, D-4-T campaniform sensillum or moderately elongate thick seta, D-3-T absent or campaniform sensillum; D1-T, D-4-T closely approximated or on short tubercle, D-3-T posteromedial to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FAFD1D8B481AE5B3" box="[1285,1386,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 47B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2–3 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FBE51DD749E1E5DF" bold="true" box="[1053,1169,1986,2011]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segments 2, 3 equally or nearly equally wide, segments with undivided, thin and thick, straight or recurved setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD083050FF4C1ACA4C33E2FC" box="[180,323,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 72B–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) elongate, fleshy, with short tubercles, terminal processes widely separated basally, each projecting posterolaterally to nearly laterally, tapering to rounded, lobe-like apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD083050FB7E1B11499AE319" box="[1158,1258,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 47B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 2 setae, 4 campaniform sensilla, including 2 lateral sensilla, D-2-I a seta or campaniform sensillum, D-3-I absent, D-7-I absent; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD083050FE8B1B594CA7E361" box="[371,471,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="300.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[227,1388,234,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-61@300.[219,1401,229,1968]" captionTargetPageId="300" captionText="FIGURE 55. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949244/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 55B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV thick spine on short tubercle, D-3-IV absent; D-5-IV, D-8-IV short, thick, straight or recurved spines; D-5-IV, D-7-IV on separate, short tubercles, D-4-IV, D-8-IV on single tubercle, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-7-IV; L-1-IV short, thick seta on short tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae, L-2-IV, L-3-IV thick setae on short tubercles, V-5-IV, V-7-IV on short tubercles, V-6-IV absent; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, with L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD083050FF671BEA4D8AE01C" box="[159,250,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier & Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan & LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan & Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 72</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-E)—all with D-1-IX seta, D-2-IX, D-3-IX, D-5-IX campaniform sensilla, following in at least some: L- 1-IX, L-2-IX, L-3-IX, V-1-IX, V-2-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD083050FF3F18524E96E0CF" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F18524E96E0CF" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FF3F18524F2FE064" bold="true" box="[199,607,583,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FD17185C4E0EE064" box="[751,894,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FD17185C4E0EE064" box="[751,894,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 150 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FED818794CCFE081" author="Borkent" box="[288,447,620,645]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) but are restricted to wet or damp sand or sandy soil (generally freshwater or marine beaches protected from wave action), seepage areas in desert oases, wet margins of salt flats, cracked clay soils, halomorphic, calcareous soil, and the margin of vernal ponds in xeric areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD083050FF3F18C24CCDE54F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F18C24947E111" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FF3F18C24F5BE0F4" bold="true" box="[199,555,727,752]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only 14 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FCEC18CC4ED3E0F4" box="[788,931,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FCEC18CC4ED3E0F4" box="[788,931,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD083050FB6F18C24866E0F4" box="[1175,1302,727,752]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FAD218C24C04E111" author="Gutsevich & Glukhova" firstAuthor="Gutsevich" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref184974" refString="Gutsevich, A. V. & Glukhova, V. M. (1970) Methods for collecting and studying blood-sucking midges. Methods in Parasitological investigations, 3, 1 - 103. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1970">Gutsevich & Glukhova (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a key to three species known from the former USSR.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F190A49C1E15F" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FF3F190A4C1AE13C" author="Painter" box="[199,362,799,824]" firstAuthor="Painter" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="245 - 262" refId="ref192148" refString="Painter, R. H. (1927) The biology, immature stages, and control of the sand flies (biting Ceratopogoninae) at Puerto Castilla, Honduras. 1926 Annual Report of the Medical Department of the United Fruit Company, 15, 245 - 262." type="journal article" year="1927">Painter (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided first somewhat detailed description of a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FC551934494CE13C" box="[941,1084,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FC551934494CE13C" box="[941,1084,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FBB7193449AAE13C" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1103,1242,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FBB7193449AAE13C" box="[1103,1242,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. bequaerti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FAF519344DC6E159" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FAF5193448ECE13C" box="[1293,1436,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)) from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD083050FEF619514C0BE159" box="[270,379,836,861]" name="Honduras" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FE4919514F14E159" author="Ishigami" box="[433,612,836,861]" firstAuthor="Ishigami" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="179 - 203" refId="ref186066" refString="Ishigami, K. (1959) On the morphology and ecology of the black gnat Leptoconops nipponensis Tokunaga (Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Yonago Medical Association, 10, 179 - 203. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1959">Ishigami (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided similar details for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FC5B19504936E158" authorityName="Tokunaga" authorityYear="1937" box="[931,1094,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FC5B19504936E158" box="[931,1094,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. nipponensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD083050FB92195149DDE15F" box="[1130,1197,836,859]" name="Japan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F19724CD9E6EC" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FF3F19724C09E184" author="Clastrier" box="[199,377,871,896]" firstAuthor="Clastrier" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="309 - 324" refId="ref179587" refString="Clastrier, J. (1972) Description de la larve et de la nymphe de Leptoconops (Holoconops) kerteszi Kieffer, 1908 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 47, 309 - 324." type="journal article" year="1972">Clastrier (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in a very detailed morphological study, described and illustrated the pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FB27197C4826E184" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1973" box="[1247,1366,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FB27197C4826E184" box="[1247,1366,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. gallicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FA7D197C4D9CE1A1" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FA7D197C4D9CE1A1" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. kerteszi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), identifying all parts, describing each sensillum and describing the differences between males and females. His description differs in some details from the generic description here. He shows 1 short seta and 4 campaniform dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla, 1 ocular (campaniform sensillum), 3 anteromedials (campaniform sensilla) and only 1 seta and 1 campaniform sensillum on segment 9. In addition, I record further additional sensilla here. Although some differences may be due to intraspecific variation, it should be noted that the differences are likely due to the difficulty in discerning very small setae or campaniform sensilla, particularly in areas of uneven cuticle. This was the case with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FD301E714EFDE679" author="Clastrier's" box="[712,909,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="Clastrier's" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="309 - 324" refId="ref179587" refString="Clastrier, J. (1972) Description de la larve et de la nymphe de Leptoconops (Holoconops) kerteszi Kieffer, 1908 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 47, 309 - 324." type="journal article" year="1972">Clastrier's (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
study of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FBF81E704909E679" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1973" box="[1024,1145,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FBF81E704909E679" box="[1024,1145,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. gallicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, for which I was able to reexamine the species. An SEM study of a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FD141E9C4E0BE6A4" box="[748,891,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FD141E9C4E0BE6A4" box="[748,891,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
would be invaluable in better understanding this member of the earliest lineage of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FDE61EB94F90E6C1" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[542,736,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, keeping in mind that many of the features of this genus are strongly autapomorphic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F1EE14CE0E734" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FF3F1EE14CACE709" author="Clastrier & Wirth" box="[199,476,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Clastrier" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref179848" refString="Clastrier, J. & Wirth, W. W. (1978) The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1573, 58 pp." type="book" year="1978">Clastrier & Wirth (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided further details of some Nearctic species, showing that at least some features vary within the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F1F2849C0E799" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FF3F1F284C26E750" box="[199,342,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FF3F1F284C26E750" box="[199,342,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupae have reduced numbers of sensilla on the thorax and 3–9 sensilla on abdominal segment 9 and naming these was somewhat arbitrary. However, at least
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FC881F744EA9E77C" authorityName="Wirth & Atchley" authorityYear="1973" box="[880,985,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FC881F744EA9E77C" box="[880,985,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. linleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
had two campaniform sensilla on the terminal process that are likely homologous to the two found on most other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FC111F9149DCE799" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1001,1196,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F1FBD492DE454" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
I examined only one, poorly preserved male pupa specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FC701FBC4836E7C4" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[904,1350,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosifrons" subGenus="Styloconops">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FC701FBC4967E7C4" box="[904,1047,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FBD01FB249DEE7C4" box="[1064,1198,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Styloconops</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FB461FB24836E7C4" box="[1214,1350,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">spinosifrons</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(with a pharate adult) and this species warrants particular attention, especially as one character state, the lack of recurved abdominal spines (see character 49) may indicate the subgenus is the sister group to other members of the genus. As illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FE9A1C014FD6E429" author="Laurence & Mathias" box="[354,678,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Laurence" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="51 - 59" refId="ref188946" refString="Laurence, B. R. & Mathias, P. L. (1972) The biology of Leptoconops (Styloconops) spinosifrons (Carter) (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in the Seychelles Islands, with descriptions of the immature stages. Journal of Medical Entomology, 9, 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="1972">Laurence & Mathias (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, there may be only one dorsal mesothoracic seta but I could not confidently confirm this. If so, it would be uniquely derived within the Culicomorpha.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083050FF3F1C494CCDE54F" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FF3F1C494CF7E471" author="Dzhafarov" box="[199,391,1628,1653]" firstAuthor="Dzhafarov" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="241 - 246" refId="ref182089" refString="Dzhafarov, S. M. (1962) Morphology of preimaginal phases of Leptoconops bezzii muganicus Dzhaf. of blood sucking sandflies (Diptera, Heleidae). Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 41, 241 - 246. [in Russian, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1962">Dzhafarov (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FE6A1C494CBBE471" author="Dzhafarov" box="[402,459,1628,1653]" firstAuthor="Dzhafarov" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref182134" refString="Dzhafarov, S. M. (1964) Blood-sucking midges (Diptera, Heleidae) of the Transcaucasus. Akademija Nauk Azerbaidzanskoi SSR, Instituta Zoologicheskiy, Russia, 414 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) described a pupal exuviae as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FCE51C484E0AE471" baseAuthorityName="Noe" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[797,890,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bezzii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FCE51C484E0AE471" box="[797,890,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. bezzii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but it clearly is misidentified to genus. In overall habitus it is somewhat similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FDDB1C6A4FFFE49C" box="[547,655,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FDDB1C6A4FFFE49C" box="[547,655,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but details differ from the only known species in that genus. The numerous thoracic setae illustrated, if accurate, suggest it is not even in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FBFA1CB149B5E4B9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1026,1221,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FB2A1CB148ECE4B9" author="Dzhafarov" box="[1234,1436,1700,1725]" firstAuthor="Dzhafarov" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="241 - 246" refId="ref182089" refString="Dzhafarov, S. M. (1962) Morphology of preimaginal phases of Leptoconops bezzii muganicus Dzhaf. of blood sucking sandflies (Diptera, Heleidae). Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 41, 241 - 246. [in Russian, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1962">Dzhafarov (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
does not mention rearing methods nor provides any other indication that the pupal exuviae was definitely associated with either larvae or adults and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FD651CF94E1BE501" author="Dzhafarov" box="[669,875,1772,1797]" firstAuthor="Dzhafarov" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref182134" refString="Dzhafarov, S. M. (1964) Blood-sucking midges (Diptera, Heleidae) of the Transcaucasus. Akademija Nauk Azerbaidzanskoi SSR, Instituta Zoologicheskiy, Russia, 414 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1964">Dzhafarov (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted the presence of only one pupal exuviae collected from wet soil. The eggs, larvae, and adults described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD083050FC471D1A49FDE52C" author="Dzhafarov" box="[959,1165,1807,1832]" firstAuthor="Dzhafarov" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="241 - 246" refId="ref182089" refString="Dzhafarov, S. M. (1962) Morphology of preimaginal phases of Leptoconops bezzii muganicus Dzhaf. of blood sucking sandflies (Diptera, Heleidae). Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 41, 241 - 246. [in Russian, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1962">Dzhafarov (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
are certainly correctly identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FEDF1D204CC6E548" box="[295,438,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FEDF1D204CC6E548" box="[295,438,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leptoconops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD083051FF3F1D42485CE3F1" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD083051FF3F1D42485CE3F1" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FF3F1D424F71E574" bold="true" box="[199,513,1879,1904]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FDE81D4C4FC1E56B" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1921" box="[528,689,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FDE81D4C4FC1E56B" box="[528,689,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. americanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD083050FD471D424E7DE56B" box="[703,781,1879,1904]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD083050FCE11D424E18E574" box="[793,872,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0811136" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mi" value="4.4">4.4 mi.</quantity>
|
||||
N. Bodie, Mono County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD083050FB721D42498EE574" box="[1162,1278,1879,1904]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD083050FAF21D424835E574" box="[1290,1349,1879,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD083050FAA81D424DBFE591" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1965-06-23">23-VI- 1965</date>
|
||||
(USNM);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD083050FEB41D694CEBE597" box="[332,411,1916,1941]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, Saltair, Salt Lake County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD083050FD2D1D694E7EE591" box="[725,782,1916,1941]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD083050FCE31D694E26E591" box="[795,854,1916,1941]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD083050FC9B1D694EABE591" box="[867,987,1916,1941]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1969-05-23">23-V-1969</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FBAF1D6849AAE591" authorityName="Clastrier & Wirth" authorityYear="1978" box="[1111,1242,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asilomar">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FBAF1D6849AAE591" box="[1111,1242,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. asilomar</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD083050FB121D69484AE597" box="[1258,1338,1916,1941]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 2 pupal exuviae, ¾ mi. S. Asilomar, Monterey County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD083050FD5C1DB54E68E5BD" box="[676,792,1952,1977]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD083050FCDB1DB54E2EE5BD" box="[803,862,1952,1977]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD083050FC901DB54E91E5BD" box="[872,993,1952,1977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1964-02-21">21-II-1964</date>
|
||||
(USNM);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD083050FBA21DB549C3E5BC" box="[1114,1203,1952,1977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD083050FF6F1DD14C69E5D9" box="[151,281,1988,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1964-03-12">12-III-1964</date>
|
||||
(USNM);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD083050FE631DD14C9DE5DF" box="[411,493,1988,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD083050FD171DD14E01E5D9" box="[751,881,1988,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1964-03-19">19-III-1964</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD083050FC0A1DD0490FE5D9" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1010,1151,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD083050FC0A1DD0490FE5D9" box="[1010,1151,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. bequaerti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Great Island, Yarmouth, Cape Cod,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD093051FE131A824FE0E2B4" box="[491,656,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FD641A824FA7E2B4" box="[668,727,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FD1C1A824E18E2B4" box="[740,872,151,176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1961-06-28">28-VI-1961</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Ochos Rios, St. Ann,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FF6F1AA94D84E2D1" box="[151,244,188,213]" name="Jamaica" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, 1969–1970 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Puerto Castilla,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FC7C1AA94E84E2D1" box="[900,1012,188,213]" name="Honduras" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, 1926 (USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD093051FB421AA84844E2D1" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1973" box="[1210,1332,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD093051FB421AA84844E2D1" box="[1210,1332,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. gallicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, La Figueirasse,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FE571AF54C8EE2F3" box="[431,510,224,247]" name="France" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FDF21ACA4FF0E2FC" box="[522,640,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1972-06-08">8-VI-1972</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD093051FD011AF44E1BE2FC" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" box="[761,875,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD093051FD011AF44E1BE2FC" box="[761,875,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. kerteszi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, La Figueirasse,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FB171AF5484EE2F3" box="[1263,1342,224,247]" name="France" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FAB11ACA48ECE2FC" box="[1353,1436,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1971-05">V-1971</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 6 pupal exuviae, 4 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Between River Ombrone and Principina a Mare (province of Grosseto),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FECF1B324C1BE344" box="[311,363,295,320]" name="Italy" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Spring-Summer, 1999 (CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD093051FD1D1B3C4E3CE344" authorityName="Wirth & Atchley" authorityYear="1973" box="[741,844,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD093051FD1D1B3C4E3CE344" box="[741,844,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. linleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD093051FCA71B324EC0E33B" box="[863,944,295,320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 2 pupal exuviae, Great Island, Yarmouth, Cape Cod,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD093051FEEF1B594CCCE361" box="[279,444,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FE301B594F73E361" box="[456,515,332,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FDF71B594FE3E361" box="[527,659,332,357]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1961-06-28">28-VI-1961</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 5 pupal exuviae, Sebastian, Indian River County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FF6F1B7A4DA2E38C" box="[151,210,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FF1A1B7A4C47E38C" box="[226,311,367,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1972-10">X-1972</date>
|
||||
(USNM);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD093051FE421B7A4F69E383" box="[442,537,367,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FCE61B7A4EE8E38C" box="[798,920,367,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1994-10-15">15-X-1994</date>
|
||||
(CNCI);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD093051FBF51B7A491AE383" box="[1037,1130,367,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
(in glycerin), as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FEF81B814C0AE3A9" box="[256,378,404,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1994-10-15">15-X-1994</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD093051FE0E1B804F1EE3A8" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1973" box="[502,622,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD093051FE0E1B804F1EE3A8" box="[502,622,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. pugnax</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, La Figueirasse,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FBDB1B814902E3AF" box="[1059,1138,404,427]" name="France" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FB7E1B81498CE3A9" box="[1158,1276,404,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1972-06-08">8-VI-1972</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD093051FA7D1B804C6FE3D4" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosifrons">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD093051FA7D1B804C6FE3D4" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. spinosifrons</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD093051FED61BA24C0AE3CB" box="[302,378,439,464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
(with pharate adult),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FD961BA24F96E3D4" box="[622,742,439,464]" name="Seychelles" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Islands, 1970 (USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD093051FC051BAC4903E3D4" authorityName="Clastrier & Wirth" authorityYear="1978" box="[1021,1139,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitseli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD093051FC051BAC4903E3D4" box="[1021,1139,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. whitseli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD093051FB7A1BA249ABE3CB" box="[1154,1243,439,464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="pupa">9 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
(of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD093051FAF31BA2480BE3D4" box="[1291,1403,439,464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD093051FE9A1BC94CA2E3F1" box="[354,466,476,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Pebble Beach, Monterey County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD093051FCA61BC94EA2E3F1" box="[862,978,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD093051FC261BC94969E3F1" box="[990,1049,476,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD093051FBDC1BC949CAE3F1" box="[1060,1210,476,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1964-08-11">11-VIII-1964</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
602
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0.xml
Normal file
602
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="75230368C0FE1B8E75A9E6F89FD41AE7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB2425AE5FE4CDE93866BAA4E4E99B64">
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<mods:title id="C92CDC853326F5EF5171337D2E00D893">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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|
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|
||||
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|
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<mods:namePart id="D79D49AF38E7B132C8C3D8DE62ED64AA">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8FD9967766EEF4D9FF2AD34063460F08">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||||
<mods:relatedItem id="206269E9DCED06904DB8E8EC3A0E0FD4" type="host">
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||||
<mods:titleInfo id="4C84F116E79D6DA60B60884EDEA38204">
|
||||
<mods:title id="A7CB1A21B4E0E41241980765D88E22BF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="33EB3AA80A0BBE168FF51A106C9A6D25">
|
||||
<mods:date id="23E1270E8B69CBB31BD2936FADCF9E35">2014</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="02D9577E9F9A9387E94AD9214C86A773" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="04A4CD93F29F66E0B5CCA98A4B1D7B54">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="74C80BF37DBF37205011188474F8CA89" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="10699761C28644BC744FF01E91D03DB3">3879</mods:number>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:detail id="96B226FC9892B86366D1F542D489731E" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="025DDFBC86EFF731E26AEA73F2078C84">1</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:extent id="AE94B56123330AEF73608CF3A1BDE504" unit="page">
|
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|
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<mods:end id="4CA8AE94D305709929502428A6F2FBB6">327</mods:end>
|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="FC7BEE96E5EC7CF3DC5B3E501DAE6E37">journal article</mods:classification>
|
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|
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<mods:identifier id="D8FB74549263E9FA07D186D773C139FA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="42B67D29B2209DD8A184E408BA89BE88" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="60DA29A10E20407D420B43C23A1B7753" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="7521256E20090A609EC9A4F4F9BDAFF1" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="ACC36C04BE3C5EA2495B0ABAA9B4641A" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592993" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161064" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD113049FD871D424EC3E576" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD113049FD871D424EC3E576" blockId="63.[441,1146,1879,1939]" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FD871D424EC3E576" ID-CoL="7DNJ" authority="Clastrier" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FD871D424EC3E576" bold="true" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FD871D424E4CE575" bold="true" box="[639,828,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Clastrier
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD113049FE411D6F490AE597" box="[441,1146,1914,1939]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD113049FE411D6F490AE597" blockId="63.[441,1146,1879,1939]" box="[441,1146,1914,1939]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FE3A1D6F4F42E597" box="[450,562,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="256.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,203,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-145@256.[191,1386,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="256" captionText="FIGURE 11. Habitus. A. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). B. Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) crinume, female, in ventral view (from Tokunaga 1932). C. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1964). D. Atrichopogon hexastichus, male, in dorsal view (from Nielsen 1951). E. Atrichopogon wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Linley 1988). F. Atrichopogon muelleri, sex unknown, in dorsal view, with larval exuviae on posterior of abdomen (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). G. Dasyhelea vericolor, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). H. Schizonyxhelea bulla, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Thomsen 1937)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949094/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 11H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FDC61D6F4FFAE597" box="[574,650,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">20E–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FD6D1D6F4FB6E597" box="[661,710,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">25C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FD291D6F4F8FE597" box="[721,767,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">29T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FCF21D6F4E4CE597" box="[778,828,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">36C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FCBF1D6F4EEDE597" box="[839,925,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">44L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FC511D6F4EAAE597" box="[937,986,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">49C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FC1E1D6F4967E597" box="[998,1047,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">60B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FBDA1D6F4902E597" box="[1058,1138,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">74F–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD113036FF6F1DD74C34E2D1" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD113036FF6F1DD74C34E2D1" blockId="63.[151,1436,1986,2011]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FF6F1DD74C44E5DF" bold="true" box="[151,308,1986,2011]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FE241DD74FEBE5DF" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[476,667,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the terminal process with a posterior row of thick spines and no other thick spicules present (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE181A824F3BE2B4" box="[480,587,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 74G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique in the thoracic D-1-T much more stout than the other dorsal seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FF2A1AA94C48E2D1" box="[210,312,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 29T</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6E3036FF3F1ACA4F7FE40C" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3036FF3F1ACA4F7FE40C" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FF3F1ACA4CFAE2FC" bold="true" box="[199,394,223,248]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FDC21ACA4FD2E2FC" box="[570,674,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="256.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,203,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-145@256.[191,1386,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="256" captionText="FIGURE 11. Habitus. A. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Chan & LeRoux 1970). B. Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) crinume, female, in ventral view (from Tokunaga 1932). C. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1964). D. Atrichopogon hexastichus, male, in dorsal view (from Nielsen 1951). E. Atrichopogon wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Chan & Linley 1988). F. Atrichopogon muelleri, sex unknown, in dorsal view, with larval exuviae on posterior of abdomen (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). G. Dasyhelea vericolor, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). H. Schizonyxhelea bulla, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Thomsen 1937)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949094/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 11H</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6E3036FCA21ACA4972E2F3" box="[858,1026,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.675" valueMax="2.16" valueMin="1.19">1.19–2.16 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FBCC1B1149EDE319" box="[1076,1181,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE681B324F71E344" box="[400,513,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FDF41B324F4DE344" box="[524,573,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">79E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FC6E1B324EA6E344" bold="true" box="[918,982,295,320]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB5D1B324843E344" box="[1189,1331,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 20E–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FF6F1B7A4D8EE38C" box="[151,254,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FCE41B814EF2E3A9" box="[796,898,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE941BC94CA7E3F1" box="[364,471,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FD861BEA4E7EE01C" box="[638,782,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 20E–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 moderately elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, no campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB521831487FE039" box="[1194,1295,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 minute setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FEB018524CC0E064" box="[328,432,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD5F18524E70E064" bold="true" box="[679,768,583,608]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FBD9185249FAE064" box="[1057,1162,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, extending posteromedially, completely dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE05189A4F18E0AC" box="[509,616,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FCAE189A4E9FE0AC" box="[854,1007,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 44L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 4.92–7.08, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with additional more basal pores, outer surface smooth, with moderately elongate pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, distally with plate; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB87190A4997E13C" box="[1151,1255,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (similar to
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB3719514844E159" box="[1231,1332,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex just posterior to knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FC1919724935E184" box="[993,1093,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB7519994984E1A1" box="[1165,1268,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 setae, 1 thicker than other; anterolaterals—3 setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FBC319C149EFE1E9" box="[1083,1183,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 29T</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4- T setae with D-1-T stouter than others, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-5-T absent, D-3-T posteromedial to D-4- T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FCE41E094EF4E631" box="[796,900,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FE001E2A4F1CE65C" bold="true" box="[504,620,1087,1112]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with slightly rounded to pointed, or serrate short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FC391E924922E6A4" box="[961,1106,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 74F–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with two dorsomedial short tubercles, one anterior to other, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex, with posterior row of spines; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB3D1EDA485AE6EC" box="[1221,1322,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 3, 5 setae, 2–3 campaniform sensilla, including 1 lateral sensillum, 1 seta close, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FEEF1F024C09E734" box="[279,377,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 60B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short setae on serrate tubercles; D-5-IV barely visible short seta (or perhaps a campaniform sensillum), D-8-IV, D-9-IV short seta; D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on short, serrate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8- IV; L-1-IV short seta, on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV short setae, L-4- IV thick seta on serrate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae on serrate tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FD2D1FD94E18E7E1" box="[725,872,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 74F–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX campaniform sensillum, D-6-IX possibly absent (not discernable).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6E3036FF3F1C014E7BE4B9" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3036FF3F1C014E7BE4B9" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FF3F1C014F12E429" bold="true" box="[199,610,1556,1581]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FD0F1C014ED4E429" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[759,932,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD0F1C014ED4E429" box="[759,932,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from nine species from the New World and Oriental Regions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FE161C224FFFE454" author="Borkent" box="[494,655,1591,1616]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, additions below).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FC961C224910E454" box="[878,1120,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FC961C224910E454" box="[878,1120,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea bulla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reared from mud from the margins of a bog, from the grassy margin of a marsh and from mud, pond weeds and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FB561C494854E471" box="[1198,1316,1628,1653]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FB561C494854E471" box="[1198,1316,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FACA1C494DA2E49C" author="Thomsen" firstAuthor="Thomsen" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref197679" refString="Thomsen, L. C. (1937) Aquatic Diptera Part V. Ceratopogonidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 210, 57 - 80, pls. 10 - 18." type="journal article" year="1937">Thomsen 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FF181C6A4C94E49C" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[224,484,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref184806" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) A new genus of predaceous midges of the tribe Sphaeromiini from Thailand (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 23, 201 - 206." type="journal article" year="1981">Wirth & Grogan 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FE021C6A4FC5E49C" author="Borkent" box="[506,693,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth & Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found a larva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FC7C1C954977E49C" authorityName=", Borkent" authorityYear="2000" box="[900,1031,1663,1688]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FC7C1C954977E49C" box="[900,1031,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in wet mud in a small seep which flowed into the outflow of a larger spring in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6E3036FD711CB14E76E4B9" box="[649,774,1700,1725]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6E3037FF3F1CD24E14E797" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3036FF3F1CD2482DE549" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FF3F1CD24F5BE4E4" bold="true" box="[199,555,1735,1760]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: This genus previously included only two Neotropical species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FB0F1CD248E5E4E4" author="Borkent" box="[1271,1429,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD6E3036FF661CF94C51E501" box="[158,289,1772,1797]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). In his description of the larva and pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FCCA1CF949F2E501" authority=", Borkent (2000 a)" authorityName=", Borkent" authorityYear="2000" box="[818,1154,1772,1797]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FCCA1CF94EC6E501" box="[818,950,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FC3E1CF949F2E501" author="Borkent" box="[966,1154,1772,1797]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth & Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pointed out the striking similarities especially between the pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FD541D1A49EAE52C" authority="Wirth & Grogan" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[684,1178,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD541D1A4EB9E52C" box="[684,969,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth & Grogan
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FB251D1A4C51E549" authority="Thomsen. A" authorityName="Thomsen. A" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FB251D1A48ECE52C" box="[1245,1436,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Stilobezzia bulla</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomsen. A
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
number of these are here interpreted as synapomorphies of the genus (characters 24, 54, 76, 79).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3037FF3F1D4248F6E2FC" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
Nearly all male
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FE771D424F4CE574" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[399,572,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FE771D424F4CE574" box="[399,572,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a unique and distinctive transverse band of cuticle ventral to the parameres (at about midlength), that is clearly a synapomorphy of the genus. It is uncertain what this structure is, considering that it is likely that a very reduced set of more ventrally located small sclerites is homologous to the aedeagus of other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FE9F1DD14F5AE5D9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[359,554,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The male of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FD3F1DD14E38E5D9" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[711,840,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD3F1DD14E38E5D9" box="[711,840,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lacks the ventral transverse band of cuticle but does have a pair of broad extensions from the midlength of the gonocoxites which extend dorsally to the parameres and overlap medially. A further synapomorphy of all species examined here is the reduced set of small sclerites making up the aedeagus. Some other adult features may be synapomorphies (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC641ACA4935E2FC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[924,1093,223,248]" genus="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FC641ACA4935E2FC" author="Borkent" box="[924,1093,223,248]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth & Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) but further study is needed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1B1149EDE038" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
Historically, the shape of the claws of female adults has been used as a primary character to identify and recognize genera. The females of the two species originally placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC511B324926E344" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[937,1110,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC511B324926E344" box="[937,1110,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB9E1B3D4996E344" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1126,1254,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB9E1B3D4996E344" box="[1126,1254,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB0C1B3D4813E344" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1984" box="[1268,1379,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB0C1B3D4813E344" box="[1268,1379,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. guyana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) had equal claws on each leg, a single, bent spermatheca and reduced wing venation. The additional species recognized here have single claws on each leg (with a basal tooth) and are similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB901B7A4990E38C" box="[1128,1248,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB901B7A4990E38C" box="[1128,1248,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with two welldeveloped spermathecae and wings with two radial cells. I have examined a female from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FB6A1B81487DE3A9" box="[1170,1293,404,429]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
which has a wing venation identical to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FDD21BAD4FDCE3D4" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[554,684,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FDD21BAD4FDCE3D4" box="[554,684,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD1C1BAD4E25E3D4" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1984" box="[740,853,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD1C1BAD4E25E3D4" box="[740,853,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. guyana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but has single claws and two spermathecae. I have examined other, non-related,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FE251BC94F26E3F1" box="[477,598,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE251BC94F26E3F1" box="[477,598,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with equal claws and the same variation occurs, for example, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FAD01BC94CB2E01C" authority="(Borkent & Bissett 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Borkent & Bissett" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FAD01BC948ECE3F7" box="[1320,1436,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Serromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FF661BEA4CC9E01C" author="Borkent & Bissett" box="[158,441,511,536]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="153 - 217" refId="ref177274" refString="Borkent, A. & Bissett B. (1990) A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 153 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Borkent & Bissett 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FDFA1BEA4FEFE01C" box="[514,671,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FDFA1BEA4FEFE01C" box="[514,671,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Alluaudomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(pers. obs. unnamed species). Clearly, single or equal claws are variable within these genera and should be used with caution in distinguishing other genera.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1852487FE064" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,608]" box="[199,1295,583,608]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">On the basis of the distinctive male genitalia and pupal synapomorphies, this genus now includes:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F189A494EE0C9" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F189A4E4EE0AC" authority="(Das Gupta & Wirth), 1968: 28" baseAuthorityName="Das Gupta & Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="28" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[151,830,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicostalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F189A4CA8E0AC" box="[151,472,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea brevicostalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE27189A4C98E0AC" bold="true" box="[479,488,655,680]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
|
||||
Das Gupta & Wirth), 1968: 28
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCB6189A4EB6E0AC" box="[846,966,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCB6189A4EB6E0AC" box="[846,966,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC26189A4938E0AC" box="[990,1096,655,680]" name="Malaysia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBAB189A486FE0AC" bold="true" box="[1107,1311,655,680]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBAB189A486FE0AC" box="[1107,1311,655,680]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F18A14FF5E0C9" authority="(Thomsen), 1935: 289" baseAuthorityName="Thomsen" baseAuthorityPageNumber="289" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[151,645,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F18A14CF4E0C9" box="[151,388,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea bulla</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE7318A14CE4E0C9" bold="true" box="[395,404,692,717]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomsen), 1935: 289
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD6D18A14E7DE0C9" box="[661,781,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD6D18A14E7DE0C9" box="[661,781,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCDC18A14E2FE0C9" box="[804,863,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC9318A1494EE0C9" bold="true" box="[875,1086,692,717]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F18C249B1E0EB" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1217,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F18C24F97E0F4" authority="(Lane & Forattini), 1958: 208" baseAuthorityName="Lane & Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="208" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,743,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F18C24CE2E0F4" box="[151,402,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea caribe</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE6118C24CD2E0F4" bold="true" box="[409,418,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
|
||||
Lane & Forattini), 1958: 208
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD0F18C24E1FE0F4" box="[759,879,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD0F18C24E1FE0F4" box="[759,879,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC7E18CD4E92E0EB" box="[902,994,728,751]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC1518C249C9E0F4" bold="true" box="[1005,1209,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FC1518C249C9E0F4" box="[1005,1209,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F18E949ADE117" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1245,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F18E94E72E111" authority="(Lane & Forattini), 1958: 209" baseAuthorityName="Lane & Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="209" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,770,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F18E94CDEE111" box="[151,430,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea diminuta</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE4C18E94CCDE111" bold="true" box="[436,445,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
|
||||
Lane & Forattini), 1958: 209
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCEB18E94EFBE111" box="[787,907,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCEB18E94EFBE111" box="[787,907,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC5B18E94E8FE117" box="[931,1023,764,787]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBF118E949A5E111" bold="true" box="[1033,1237,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBF118E949A5E111" box="[1033,1237,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F190A4E47E13C" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,823,799,824]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F190A4F90E13C" authority="Wirth & Grogan, 1988: 81" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,736,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F190A4CDEE13C" box="[151,430,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FE4D190A4F90E13C" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[437,736,799,824]" firstAuthor="Wirth" page="81" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref199913" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L. (1988) The predaceous midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora and Fauna Handbook 4, xv + 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1988">Wirth & Grogan, 1988: 81</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD13190A4E43E13C" box="[747,819,799,824]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F19514E51E159" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,801,836,861]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19514F19E159" authority="Clastrier, 1984: 2" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,617,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19514CEDE158" box="[151,413,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea guyana</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FE5C19514F19E159" author="Clastrier" box="[420,617,836,861]" firstAuthor="Clastrier" page="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref179701" refString="Clastrier, J. (1984) Schizonyxhelea guyana n. g., n. sp. de la Guyane Francaise (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 6, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1984">Clastrier, 1984: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD8C19514E6DE159" box="[628,797,836,861]" name="French Guiana" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F197249A3E17B" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1235,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19724F89E184" authority="(Lane & Forattini), 1958: 216" baseAuthorityName="Lane & Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="216" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,761,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19724CD4E184" box="[151,420,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea obscura</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE5419724CC5E184" bold="true" box="[428,437,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
|
||||
Lane & Forattini), 1958: 216
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCF219724EF2E184" box="[778,898,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCF219724EF2E184" box="[778,898,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC61197D4E85E17B" box="[921,1013,872,895]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBF8197249BCE184" bold="true" box="[1024,1228,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBF8197249BCE184" box="[1024,1228,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F19994936E1CC" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19994E53E1A1" authority="(Lane & Forattini), 1958: 218" baseAuthorityName="Lane & Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="218" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,803,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19994CBFE1A0" box="[151,463,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea panamensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE2D19994CAEE1A1" bold="true" box="[469,478,908,933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
|
||||
Lane & Forattini), 1958: 218
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCCC19994EDCE1A1" box="[820,940,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCCC19994EDCE1A1" box="[820,940,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC3B1999496FE1A7" box="[963,1055,908,931]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBD219994986E1A1" bold="true" box="[1066,1270,908,933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBD219994986E1A1" box="[1066,1270,908,933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19BA4FFCE1CC" authority="(Wirth), 1953: 83" baseAuthorityName="Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="83" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[151,652,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsenae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19BA4CB2E1CC" box="[151,450,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea thomsenae</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE3119BA4CA2E1CC" bold="true" box="[457,466,943,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth), 1953: 83
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD6519BA4E65E1CC" box="[669,789,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD6519BA4E65E1CC" box="[669,789,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCD519BA4E18E1CC" box="[813,872,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC8B19BA4936E1CC" bold="true" box="[883,1094,943,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F19C149CCE1EF" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1212,980,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19C14F92E1E9" authority="(Lane & Forattini), 1961: 92" baseAuthorityName="Lane & Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="92" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,738,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19C14CEBE1E8" box="[151,411,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea scutata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lane & Forattini), 1961: 92
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD0A19C14E1AE1E9" box="[754,874,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD0A19C14E1AE1E9" box="[754,874,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC7A19C14EAEE1EF" box="[898,990,980,1003]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC1019C149C4E1E9" bold="true" box="[1000,1204,980,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FC1019C149C4E1E9" box="[1000,1204,980,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1E0349BAE6BA" blockId="65.[151,1436,1046,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FF3F1E034C2EE62B" author="Harris" box="[199,350,1046,1071]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described seven species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD6C1E034E7CE62B" box="[660,780,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD6C1E034E7CE62B" box="[660,780,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCA81E034ECAE62B" box="[848,954,1046,1071]" name="Australia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Her species 6 is a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB761E03484AE62B" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[1166,1338,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB761E03484AE62B" box="[1166,1338,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with its characteristic features (i.e. thoracic sensilla D-1-T short and stout, distribution of abdominal 4 sensilla with each on a serrate tubercle, posteromedial margin of terminal process with row of spines). I have also examined a reared series of an unnamed species from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDDD1E974F2BE69D" box="[549,603,1154,1177]" name="Laos" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and there are a number of unnamed species (based on adults) from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FAA41E944DBEE6BA" name="Costa Rica" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Clearly the genus is more diverse and broadly distributed than was previously recognized.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1EDC4E14E797" blockId="65.[151,1436,1046,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FF3F1EDC4CA5E6E6" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[199,469,1225,1250]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref184806" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) A new genus of predaceous midges of the tribe Sphaeromiini from Thailand (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 23, 201 - 206." type="journal article" year="1981">Wirth & Grogan (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD241EDF4E43E6E6" box="[732,819,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD241EDF4E43E6E6" box="[732,819,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. bulla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC821EDC4E82E6E6" box="[890,1010,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC821EDC4E82E6E6" box="[890,1010,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) but did not describe or illustrate the posterior row of spines which are actually present on the terminal process.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC0F1EF949C2E701" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1015,1202,1260,1285]" genus="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FC0F1EF949C2E701" author="Borkent" box="[1015,1202,1260,1285]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth & Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
missed CL-1-H and CL-2-H on the mouthparts of the pupa as well as D-9-IV on abdominal segment 4 (the single specimen was dirty).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F1F214F39E749" authority="Das Gupta & Wirth" authorityName="Das Gupta & Wirth" box="[151,585,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F1F214C19E749" box="[151,361,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia insolita</emphasis>
|
||||
Das Gupta & Wirth
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD741F214F83E749" box="[652,755,1332,1357]" name="Malaysia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is known only as a female but it has a reduced wing venation and an apically swollen and basally curved spermatheca, all similar to some
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBEE1F4D4987E76B" box="[1046,1271,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FBEE1F4D49B3E775" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[1046,1219,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizonyxhelea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(e.g
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FAF11F4D48FCE775" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1289,1420,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FAF11F4D48FCE775" box="[1289,1420,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). However, until further study, this species remains in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD1C1F694E2CE791" box="[740,860,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD1C1F694E2CE791" box="[740,860,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6F3037FF3F1F8A48E7E5F0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1F8A48E7E5F0" blockId="65.[151,1436,1046,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF3F1F8A4F70E7BC" bold="true" box="[199,512,1439,1464]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FDF71FB54F14E7BC" box="[527,612,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FDF71FB54F14E7BC" box="[527,612,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. bulla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Algonquin Park, Ontario,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBAB1F8A49DAE7BC" box="[1107,1194,1439,1464]" name="Canada" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB4C1F8A485AE7BC" box="[1204,1322,1439,1464]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1960-06-08">8-VI-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Rescue Center, Prince George’s County, Maryland,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBF51FD64938E7D8" box="[1037,1096,1475,1500]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FBAC1FD649BCE7D8" box="[1108,1228,1475,1500]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-05-17">17-V-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FE191FF24F28E404" box="[481,600,1511,1536]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-06-04">4-VI-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality (WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FE7D1C1E4C8BE420" box="[389,507,1547,1572]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDFF1C1E4F32E420" box="[519,578,1547,1572]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FDB51C1E4FB5E420" box="[589,709,1547,1572]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, McLean Reserve, Tompkins County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FF6F1C3A4C7EE443" box="[151,270,1582,1607]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FEE21C3B4C25E443" box="[282,341,1582,1607]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FE9A1C3B4C96E443" box="[354,486,1582,1607]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-18">18-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Bergen Swamp, Genesee County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FB541C3A4853E443" box="[1196,1315,1582,1607]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FAD71C3B481AE443" box="[1327,1386,1582,1607]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FA8F1C3B4D85E46F" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-14">14- VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, Research Station Pond, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC3D1C46494CE46F" box="[965,1084,1618,1643]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBB01C4749F3E46F" box="[1096,1155,1618,1643]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB771C474863E46F" box="[1167,1299,1618,1643]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1958-06-30">30-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Meadow Hole, E. Berne,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FD951C624F96E48B" box="[621,742,1654,1679]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD0B1C634E5EE48B" box="[755,814,1654,1679]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FCC31C634EB0E48B" box="[827,960,1654,1679]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-29">29-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Wet Meadow Hole, E. Berne,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FEB41C8F4CB2E4B6" box="[332,450,1689,1714]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FE361C8C4F79E4B6" box="[462,521,1689,1714]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FDEC1C8C4FE8E4B6" box="[532,664,1689,1714]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-24">24-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mitchell’s Meadow Pool, E. Berne,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FA9F1C8F4DA1E4D2" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FF1B1CA84C6EE4D2" box="[227,286,1725,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FEC81CA84CCEE4D2" box="[304,446,1725,1750]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-07-29">29-VII-1963</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Jimmy, Tahawus,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FBC31CAB49C8E4D2" box="[1083,1208,1725,1750]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FB331CA84876E4D2" box="[1227,1286,1725,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FAE01CA848ECE4D2" box="[1304,1436,1725,1750]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-24">24-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mud Pond Outlet, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC691CF74977E4FE" box="[913,1031,1761,1786]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBEB1CF4493EE4FE" box="[1043,1102,1761,1786]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FBA11CF449BFE4FE" box="[1113,1231,1761,1786]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-08">8-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF061D104FDFE51A" authority="Bog, Blue Mountain Lake" authorityName="Bog, Blue Mountain Lake" box="[254,687,1797,1822]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">Sphagnum Bog, Blue Mountain Lake</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FD451D104E45E51A" box="[701,821,1797,1822]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCBA1D104E0DE51A" box="[834,893,1797,1822]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FC731D104971E51A" box="[907,1025,1797,1822]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-07">7-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Salmon River, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FE231D3C4F22E545" box="[475,594,1832,1857]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDA61D3D4FE9E545" box="[606,665,1832,1857]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FD5D1D3D4E6BE545" box="[677,795,1832,1857]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-08">8-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Beartown Mt. Bog,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FAC21D3D48E8E545" box="[1338,1432,1832,1857]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FF6F1D594C5EE561" box="[151,302,1868,1893]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1977-08-16">16-VIII-1977</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Flag Glade, Pocahontas County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC1C1D594932E561" box="[996,1090,1868,1893]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBA91D5949FCE561" box="[1105,1164,1868,1893]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB631D59486EE561" box="[1179,1310,1868,1893]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-06-24">24-VI-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Jefferson Nt. Forest, Little Meadows, Giles County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC711D654E97E58D" box="[905,999,1904,1929]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC0A1D65495DE58D" box="[1010,1069,1904,1929]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FBC01D6549DEE58D" box="[1080,1198,1904,1929]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-09-06">6-IX-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FAED1D6548E4E58D" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1301,1428,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FAED1D6548E4E58D" box="[1301,1428,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6F3037FEA01D814CE2E5A9" box="[344,402,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE Tarcoles,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDCC1D814FC2E5A9" box="[564,690,1940,1965]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FD461D814E3CE5A9" box="[702,844,1940,1965]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1993-12-17">17-XII-1993</date>
|
||||
(reared from larva) (CNCI).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB6E1D8149D4E5AF" box="[1174,1188,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD941DAD4FD5E5CB" box="[620,677,1976,1999]" name="Laos" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FD4B1DA24E5CE5D4" box="[691,812,1975,2000]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1967-02-22">22-II-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FAA31DA24DBFE5F0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1967-02-19">19-II- 1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 5 pupal exuviae, Ban Na Tak, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FB9C1DC949EDE5F7" box="[1124,1181,2012,2035]" name="Laos" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB501DCE4857E5F0" box="[1192,1319,2011,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1967-12-09">9-XII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
996
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD123049FD511EF34C91E501.xml
Normal file
996
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD123049FD511EF34C91E501.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,996 @@
|
|||
<document id="0DB5B10FDA59967A4C0D10EA31781404" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD123049FD511EF34C91E501" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stilobezzia Kieffer" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="1A4A8DFD4BB5823C948857F8C367BAE5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="3BBFD2751B1983CB667678780E3315DF">
|
||||
<mods:title id="B1158097ADB26251FCF46AD4CECB1E4C">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="F13DEE365398CD7863B53A421CD1C2AB" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="D12A9DED6F971576107874DB9193D6D8">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9757B29EA8D6DF4F18849CFC393FA986">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="86CABFAE28701675E2E7005A18173F31">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E2EDFE7F4E5BAD03E363C36ECA9446F2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EE41159EF11D687613B169CB8D5B32DC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="331C2586A5BD2905D8E5A45D626AED1E">
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<mods:date id="CD6E5D81AFA65C66A86A94C806754ED8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F4E42957C9B28B771BF884AD19EDB5C4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="A142FE9C24A794FC7BEB031961CA731F">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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|
||||
<mods:detail id="F8F02C405545C0894252BF4D0079BDB7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="82325D2E8809BF3F741DB0DAD4CC0D27">3879</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D8C9CCFE5A844618A4DA3A134262351D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="59134BED1B64D5E8DCA5B453DC3FC400">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="05CDACF6EB789952264981F8B1E57C34">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="D2C173670F6812A28A487751C93D572D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F868DCD0B18EF46576C2520F1878A6F0" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C9DE769882DA7B3C76AB2DC64060971C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E3DFB0D37D7EFA47EE3D4E22E0E5747" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E9A7C873DBC2380191E1EFE14DB11A9" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD123049FD511EF34C91E501" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592991" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD123049FD511EF34C91E501" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD123049FD511EF34C91E501" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD12304AFD511EF34EF9E704" box="[681,905,1254,1280]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD12304AFD511EF34EF9E704" blockId="60.[316,1271,1254,1314]" box="[681,905,1254,1280]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD12304AFD511EF34EF9E704" ID-CoL="9CJWH" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[681,905,1254,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFD511EF34EF9E704" bold="true" box="[681,905,1254,1280]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFD511EF34E58E704" bold="true" box="[681,808,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD12304AFEC41F1C4987E726" box="[316,1271,1289,1314]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD12304AFEC41F1C4987E726" blockId="60.[316,1271,1254,1314]" box="[316,1271,1289,1314]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFEBC1F1C4CC6E726" box="[324,438,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFE3A1F1C4C9CE726" box="[450,492,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">19P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFE001F1C4F3DE726" box="[504,589,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">20A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFDA01F1C4FDCE726" box="[600,684,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">25A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFD4F1F1C4F95E726" box="[695,741,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">29S</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFD091F1C4E50E726" box="[753,800,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFCD41F1C4EF0E726" box="[812,896,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">36A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFC731F1C4EAEE726" box="[907,990,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">44E–K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFC101F1C496AE726" box="[1000,1050,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">49B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFBDD1F1C4926E726" box="[1061,1110,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="304.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[203,1416,215,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-57@304.[194,1426,209,1948]" captionTargetPageId="304" captionText="FIGURE 59. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis. C. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949258/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">59C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFB9A1F1C49E4E726" box="[1122,1172,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">60A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFB581F1C4980E726" box="[1184,1264,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">74C–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD12304AFF6F1F444CBBE7B6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD12304AFF6F1F444CBBE7B6" blockId="60.[151,1437,1361,2034]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFF6F1F444C44E76E" bold="true" box="[151,308,1361,1386]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD12304AFE241F444FEBE76E" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[476,667,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the thoracic sensilla D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T and D-4-T all present on flat cuticle (not on tubercles) and close to one another and with D-5-T either absent or, at most, a minute pit lacking any seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFEA31F8C4CCEE7B6" box="[347,446,1433,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 29S</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD12304BFF3F1FA84813E65C" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD12304BFF3F1FA84813E65C" blockId="60.[151,1437,1361,2034]" lastBlockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFF3F1FA84CFAE7D2" bold="true" box="[199,394,1469,1494]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD12304AFDBD1FA84F9DE7D1" box="[581,749,1469,1494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" metricValueMax="3.53" metricValueMin="1.69" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.61" valueMax="3.53" valueMin="1.69">1.69–3.53 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, in some against wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFC211FF4493DE7FE" box="[985,1101,1505,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFBA11FF449FAE7FE" box="[1113,1162,1505,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear posterior to base of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFE8A1C104C94E41A" box="[370,484,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFE171C104F51E41A" box="[495,545,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">79E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFC821C104ECAE41A" bold="true" box="[890,954,1541,1566]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFB721C104984E41A" box="[1162,1268,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 19P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFAF81C104827E41A" box="[1280,1367,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">20A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFF6F1C584D8EE462" box="[151,254,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFCD31C644EB1E48E" box="[811,961,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 25A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, fused to surface, lacinia absent; palpus extending equal to or just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire or separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFC5F1CAC494FE4D6" box="[935,1087,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 36A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) just anterior to posterior to, posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFA9C1CC84DB2E51E" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 19P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFF361D144C55E51E" box="[206,293,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">20A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short to elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFD9C1D304F84E53A" box="[612,756,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 25A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—absent, with 1 minute seta,1 campaniform sensillum or 2 setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFEBE1D5C4CADE566" box="[326,477,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 25A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum or 2 setae or 2 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFF6F1D784D80E582" bold="true" box="[151,240,1901,1926]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFDDB1D784FB0E582" box="[547,704,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 25A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially to extending posteromedially, completely dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFE6D1DA04F70E5CA" box="[405,512,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 49B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFD171DA04EF2E5CA" box="[751,898,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 44E–K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 4.00–9.00, variable, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened or circular in cross-section, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with or without additional, more basal pores, outer surface smooth, without or with short, wide to elongate, slender pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short to moderately elongate, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, distally with plate; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFD721B114E6DE319" box="[650,797,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 36A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFDA61B324FB1E344" box="[606,705,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/4 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFE911B594C8FE361" box="[361,511,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 36A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFDF61B7A4F04E38C" box="[526,628,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg slightly to moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly ventral to, partially abutting or just abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 setae; anterolaterals—2–3 setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFC7C1BA24E98E3D4" box="[900,1000,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 29S</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-5-T absent or, at most, a minute pit lacking any seta, with D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T all present on flat cuticle, closely approximated, D-3-T posteromedial to posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFD7E18314F9CE039" box="[646,748,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 49B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 very small to long seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFDC618524FC2E064" bold="true" box="[574,690,583,608]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern or, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with or without bifurcating setae, with bilobed, bifid or rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFA9C189A4D96E0C9" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 74C–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posteriorly to laterally, tapering to pointed apex, in some elongate, slender; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFBAA18C249CBE0F4" box="[1106,1211,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 49B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7–8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla (
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD13304BFD1318E94E6DE111" box="[747,797,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFCD018E94EEDE110" box="[808,925,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFCD018E94EEDE110" box="[808,925,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. enigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFD81190A4F99E13C" box="[633,745,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="304.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[203,1416,215,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-57@304.[194,1426,209,1948]" captionTargetPageId="304" captionText="FIGURE 59. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis. C. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949258/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 59C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFD0C190A4E55E13C" box="[756,805,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">60A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short or moderately elongate setae or D-3-IV absent, without or on low tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to elongate simple or bifurcating setae or D-5-IV, D-9-IV absent; on short to moderately elongate, separate tubercles or D-7-IV, D-8-IV on single tubercle, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV to only D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV present, L-1-IV absent or (rarely) short to elongate seta on short to elongate tubercle, in nearly transverse row with other lateral setae, arranged L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short to elongate setae on pointed or bifid tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short to elongate, simple or bifurcating setae on short, rounded to elongate tubercles, in some with V-6-IV, V-7-IV on single tubercle; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFD321E2A4E56E65C" box="[714,806,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 74</figureCitation>
|
||||
C-E)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD13304BFF3F1E714E16E6EC" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD13304BFF3F1E714E16E6EC" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFF3F1E714F13E679" bold="true" box="[199,611,1124,1149]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFD001E714E01E679" box="[760,881,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFD001E714E01E679" box="[760,881,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 341 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD13304BFEE61E924CCEE6A4" author="Borkent" box="[286,446,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, minus species here transferred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFCB31E924E88E6A4" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[843,1016,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFCB31E924E88E6A4" box="[843,1016,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures are in a wide variety of aquatic and sem-aquatic habitats including springs, swamps, bogs, fens, rice fields, rock pools, treeholes, soil in a tidal marsh, and the margins of ponds, lakes, streams and rivers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD133048FF3F1EE149A4E753" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD13304BFF3F1EE14C84E750" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFF3F1EE14F5EE709" bold="true" box="[199,558,1268,1293]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are only 29 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFC6D1EE1497EE709" box="[917,1038,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFC6D1EE1497EE709" box="[917,1038,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD13304BFB1C1EE14816E709" box="[1252,1382,1268,1293]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). As indicated below, obtaining the pupae of additional species will likely lead to a better understanding of the cladistic relationships within this group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD13304BFF3F1F4A4F22E40C" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
The earliest description of a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFDEA1F4A4FFBE77C" box="[530,651,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFDEA1F4A4FFBE77C" box="[530,651,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupa may be that by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD13304BFC721F4A4948E77C" author="Packard" box="[906,1080,1375,1400]" firstAuthor="Packard" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="100 - 110" refId="ref192089" refString="Packard, A. S. (1871) On insects inhabiting salt water. No. 2. American Journal of Science, Series 1, 3, 100 - 110." type="journal article" year="1871">Packard (1871)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
who described it as a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFAC71F744C3EE799" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFAC71F7448EBE77C" box="[1343,1435,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Tanypus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Chironomidae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Although clearly a ceratopogonid, the taxon cannot be identified with certainty although the overall habitus (especially the lateral direction of the terminal processes) suggests it is a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFAE41FB248E4E7C4" box="[1308,1428,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFAE41FB248E4E7C4" box="[1308,1428,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, it would be informative if this species (noted as common at that time) was resampled at Clear Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD13304BFF6F1FFA4C79E40C" box="[151,265,1519,1544]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
to confirm the identification.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD13304BFF3F1C014FE4E4B9" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
The pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFE941C014F30E429" box="[364,576,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFE941C014C95E429" box="[364,485,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are strikingly diverse, showing considerable variation, for example in the number and distribution of sensilla of abdominal segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFCB01C224EC9E454" box="[840,953,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="304.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[203,1416,215,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-57@304.[194,1426,209,1948]" captionTargetPageId="304" captionText="FIGURE 59. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis. C. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949258/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 59C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFC3D1C224E89E454" box="[965,1017,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">60A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The shape of the respiratory organs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFF671C494C44E471" box="[159,308,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 44E–K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and terminal processes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFD9F1C494F8BE471" box="[615,763,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Figs. 74C–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) also vary broadly. The remarkably modified respiratory organs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFEFD1C954C09E49C" baseAuthorityName="Borkent & Craig" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[261,377,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabelloi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFEFD1C954C09E49C" box="[261,377,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. rabelloi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD13304BFE701C6A4C92E49C" box="[392,482,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 44I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFDE71C954FB4E49C" baseAuthorityName="Ingram & Macfie" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[543,708,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poikiloptera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFDE71C954FB4E49C" box="[543,708,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. poikiloptera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are used to pierce the submerged roots of aquatic plants to obtain oxygen for the pupa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD13304BFE7E1CB14FF7E4B9" author="Borkent & Craig" box="[390,647,1700,1725]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="655 - 665" refId="ref177437" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (2001) Submerged Stilobezzia rabelloi Lane (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) pupae obtain oxygen from the aquatic fern Salvinia minima Baker. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 655 - 665." type="journal article" year="2001">Borkent & Craig 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD13304BFF3F1CD24EBDE591" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD13304BFF3F1CD24CB3E4E4" author="Ronderos, M. M. & Spinelli, G. R." box="[199,451,1735,1760]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="667 - 673" refId="ref193455" refString="Ronderos, M. M. & Spinelli, G. R. (2012) Redescription of the pupa of Mallochohelea termophila (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 83, 667 - 673. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.7550 / rmb. 28876" type="journal article" year="2012">Ronderos et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a peculiar species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFCD31CD24ED4E4E4" box="[811,932,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFCD31CD24ED4E4E4" box="[811,932,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFC321CDD4949E4DB" box="[970,1081,1736,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFC321CDD4949E4DB" box="[970,1081,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. enigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and discussed it's phylogenetic placement, concluding that it likely belongs within the subgenus
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFC521CF94EC8E507" box="[938,952,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFC2D1CF9493DE501" box="[981,1101,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFC2D1CF9493DE501" box="[981,1101,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), based on the lack of any indication of tubercles on the dorsum of the thorax (otherwise bearing the dorsal sensilla). Within the analysis here, the pupa has synapmorphies 27, 29 and 39 and confirms its placement within the genus. The presence of four lateral sensilla on tergite 1, all of which are setae, is a feature unique with the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFBE01D4249ABE574" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1048,1243,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The presence of D–7-I near D-2-I and D-3-I is unique within the genus (see character 53).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD13304BFF3F1DB54805E5D9" blockId="61.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD13304BFF3F1DB54CDCE5BD" author="Cazorla" box="[199,428,1952,1977]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cazorla" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="111 - 119" refId="ref178657" refString="Cazorla, C. G., Diaz, F. & Ronderos, M. M. (2006) Redescription of pupa and adult of Stilobezzia fiebrigi Kieffer 1917 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 132, 111 - 119." type="journal article" year="2006">Cazorla et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drew the sensilla of abdominal segment 4 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFC5F1DB54966E5BD" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[935,1046,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiebrigi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD13304BFC5F1DB54966E5BD" box="[935,1046,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. fiebrigi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with more sensilla than are known in any other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD13304BFEDC1DD14C93E5D9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[292,483,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and this species should be reexamined to confirm their presence and distribution.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD103048FF3F1A824FACE2FC" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD103048FF3F1A824C11E2B4" author="Harris" box="[199,353,151,176]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described seven species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FD5D1A824E6EE2B4" box="[677,798,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FD5D1A824E6EE2B4" box="[677,798,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FC9F1A824EA1E2B4" box="[871,977,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, six of which were considered new and provided a key to these. However, her species 6 is here recognized as a member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB7C1AA94841E2D1" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[1156,1329,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB7C1AA94841E2D1" box="[1156,1329,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with its characteristic features (see below under that genus).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD103048FF3F1B114FC4E361" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Based on the conclusion that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FDB51B114F8AE319" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[589,762,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FDB51B114F8AE319" box="[589,762,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is clearly monophyletic and most closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FF6F1B324C4AE344" box="[151,314,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Baeodasymyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FF6F1B324C4AE344" box="[151,314,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Baeodasymyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, some species previously recognized as members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FC7F1B324E8FE344" box="[903,1023,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FC7F1B324E8FE344" box="[903,1023,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are now placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB291B32480EE344" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[1233,1406,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB291B32480EE344" box="[1233,1406,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as new combinations (see below under that genus).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD103048FF3F1B7A4C2BE1E9" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
The phylogenetic relationships between species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FCF01B7A4EF0E38C" box="[776,896,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FCF01B7A4EF0E38C" box="[776,896,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are uncertain and the genus warrants a detailed cladistic analysis to test the reality of the current division into four subgenera.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD103048FBF41B8149CEE3A9" author="Clastrier" box="[1036,1214,404,429]" firstAuthor="Clastrier" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="567 - 578" refId="ref179668" refString="Clastrier, J. (1976) Etude Systematique du genre Stilobezzia (Dipt. Ceratopogonidae). Annales de la Societe de Entomologique de France, 12, 567 - 578." type="journal article" year="1976">Clastrier (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recognized that the current subgenera (at that time with three subgenera) were artificial and correctly suggested further character states (primarily of the antennae, wings and thoracic chaetotaxy) to interpret the group. Unfortunately, he did not interpret the newly reported features cladistically and the result was a difficult to interpret new arrangement of the species.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD103048FF6F18314CEFE039" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[151,415,548,573]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref199913" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L. (1988) The predaceous midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora and Fauna Handbook 4, xv + 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1988">Wirth & Grogan (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
did not use the system suggested by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD103048FCC418314E9DE039" author="Clastrier" box="[828,1005,548,573]" firstAuthor="Clastrier" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="567 - 578" refId="ref179668" refString="Clastrier, J. (1976) Etude Systematique du genre Stilobezzia (Dipt. Ceratopogonidae). Annales de la Societe de Entomologique de France, 12, 567 - 578." type="journal article" year="1976">Clastrier (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and named an additional subgenus for two distinctive Australian species. Some pupal features are likely important in future phylogenetic analyses of this interesting genus. For example, the dorsal setae arising from the mesonotum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FBC71879498EE081" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1087,1278,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupae nearly always arise from at least low tubercles. Within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FD3E189A4E4EE0AC" box="[710,830,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FD3E189A4E4EE0AC" box="[710,830,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, three species of the subgenus
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB51188549C7E0A3" box="[1193,1207,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB29189A481BE0AC" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1233,1387,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB29189A481BE0AC" box="[1233,1387,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FA7F18854D9CE0C9" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FA7F18854D9CE0C9" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FEF818A14C2AE0C9" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[256,346,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FEF818A14C2AE0C9" box="[256,346,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. lutea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE5A18A14F6AE0C8" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[418,538,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE5A18A14F6AE0C8" box="[418,538,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. orientis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) have the setae arising from very low tubercles. Those of the subgenus
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FA7F18A148E5E0CF" box="[1415,1429,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FF5818C24C68E0F4" box="[160,280,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FF5818C24C68E0F4" box="[160,280,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), however, have the setae arising directly from the cuticle and this unique feature indicates their monophyly (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FED518E94FB6E13C" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FED518E94CB7E111" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[301,455,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">S. antennalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE2118E94F08E111" box="[473,632,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquillettii">S. coquillettii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FD7118E94E71E111" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[649,769,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversa">S. diversa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FCEB18E94EC2E111" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1852" box="[787,946,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavirostris">S. flavirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FC3C18E94945E111" authorityName="Macfie" authorityYear="1939" box="[964,1077,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glauca">S. glauca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FBBF18E94995E111" authorityName="Ingram & Macfie" authorityYear="1922" box="[1095,1253,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limnophila">S. limnophila</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB0018E94806E110" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[1272,1398,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="navaiae">S. navaiae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FA7F18E94C5FE13C" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidiventris">S. pallidiventris</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FEC319354CB0E13C" authorityName="Remm" authorityYear="1980" box="[315,448,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillata">S. papillata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE3519354F34E133" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[461,580,800,823]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">S. pictipes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FDA819354FB6E13C" baseAuthorityName="Borkent & Craig" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[592,710,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabelloi">S. rabelloi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FCFD19354E07E13C" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1953" box="[773,887,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sybleae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FCFD19354E07E13C" box="[773,887,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. sybleae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Two species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FBB91935493FE133" box="[1089,1103,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB9F190A4871E13C" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1127,1281,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB9F190A4871E13C" box="[1127,1281,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FAE2193548ECE13C" authorityName="Remm" authorityYear="1980" box="[1306,1436,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FAE2193548ECE13C" box="[1306,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. papillata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(examined here) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE7F19514F7CE159" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[391,524,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE7F19514F7CE159" box="[391,524,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD103048FD2C19514EA7E159" author="Kettle & Lawson" box="[724,983,836,861]" firstAuthor="Kettle" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="421 - 467" refId="ref187577" refString="Kettle, D. S. & Lawson, J. W. H. (1952) The early stages of British biting midges Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and allied genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 421 - 467, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1952">Kettle & Lawson 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) also have slender setae arising directly from the cuticle, indicating that at least these two species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FCBD197D4E23E17B" box="[837,851,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FC9319724975E184" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[875,1029,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FC9319724975E184" box="[875,1029,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are more closely related to species of the subgenus
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FEA819994C2EE1A7" box="[336,350,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE8E19994C9EE1A1" box="[374,494,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE8E19994C9EE1A1" box="[374,494,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) than they are to other
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FD0019994E76E1A7" box="[760,774,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FCE619994EC8E1A1" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[798,952,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FCE619994EC8E1A1" box="[798,952,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). It is worth noting that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB351999483FE1A1" authorityName="Remm" authorityYear="1980" box="[1229,1359,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB351999483FE1A1" box="[1229,1359,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. papillata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FA7F19994D8FE1CC" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FA7F19994D8FE1CC" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have unique elongate spicules on the apices of their respiratory organs, certainly indicating that these two are sister species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD103048FF3F19E249A4E753" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Three of the species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE3119ED4CA7E60B" box="[457,471,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE1619E24FF8E614" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[494,648,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE1619E24FF8E614" box="[494,648,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), namely
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FD0F19ED4E18E614" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[759,872,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FD0F19ED4E18E614" box="[759,872,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FC8E19ED4EB9E614" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[886,969,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FC8E19ED4EB9E614" box="[886,969,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. lutea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FBFD19ED490DE60B" box="[1029,1149,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FBFD19ED4909E60B" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[1029,1145,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientis">S. orientis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
have most of the setae on abdominal segments 3–7 arising from distinctive bifid tubercles in which each half of the tubercle is very slender and about as long as the seta borne by it. This feature is nearly unique in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FC081E2A49C2E65C" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1008,1202,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, otherwise similar to that in some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE661E714F42E67F" box="[414,562,1124,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE661E714F42E67F" box="[414,562,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(where it is clearly independently derived). The feature is, therefore, derived. The two species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE891E9D4C0FE69B" box="[369,383,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE6F1E924F41E6A4" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[407,561,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE6F1E924F41E6A4" box="[407,561,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FDB01E9D4FB9E6A4" authorityName="Remm" authorityYear="1980" box="[584,713,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FDB01E9D4FB9E6A4" box="[584,713,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. papillata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FCF81E9D4EFBE6A4" box="[768,907,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FCF81E9D4EF7E6A4" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[768,903,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">S. ochracea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
which, as indicated above, are likely related to species of the subgenus
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE5B1EB94CC1E6C7" box="[419,433,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FE301EB94F30E6C1" box="[456,576,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FE301EB94F30E6C1" box="[456,576,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) lack this feature. Furthermore, the strongly modified pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB021EB94CD6E6EC" authority="(Borkent & Craig 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Borkent & Craig" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabelloi" subGenus="Stilobezzia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB021EB948ECE6C1" box="[1274,1436,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. (S.) rabelloi</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD103048FF661EDA4CEEE6EC" author="Borkent & Craig" box="[158,414,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="655 - 665" refId="ref177437" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (2001) Submerged Stilobezzia rabelloi Lane (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) pupae obtain oxygen from the aquatic fern Salvinia minima Baker. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 655 - 665." type="journal article" year="2001">Borkent & Craig 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
does have bifid tubercles although they are much larger than those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FB381EC54841E6EC" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1216,1329,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FB381EC54841E6EC" box="[1216,1329,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FAB81EC548E5E6EC" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[1344,1429,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FAB81EC548E5E6EC" box="[1344,1429,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. lutea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FF3D1EE14C46E708" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[197,310,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FF3D1EE14C46E708" box="[197,310,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. orientis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This suggests that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FDEA1EE14FF6E709" baseAuthorityName="Borkent & Craig" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[530,646,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabelloi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FDEA1EE14FF6E709" box="[530,646,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. rabelloi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is actually a member of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FC6F1EE14ED5E70F" box="[919,933,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FC441EE14926E709" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[956,1110,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FC441EE14926E709" box="[956,1110,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Although this species lacks the defining presence of macrotrichia on the apex of the adult wing, it does bear strong setae on veins R and R
|
||||
<subScript id="1658349ABD103048FA751F3348E5E730" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,1318,1332]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">3</subScript>
|
||||
, which are otherwise lacking in the subgenus
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FD761F2A4FECE752" box="[654,668,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FD4B1F2B4E5BE753" box="[691,811,1342,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FD4B1F2B4E5BE753" box="[691,811,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) but are present in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FBFC1F2A4962E752" box="[1028,1042,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FBD21F2B49B4E753" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1066,1220,1342,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Acanthohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FBD21F2B49B4E753" box="[1066,1220,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acanthohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD103049FF3F1F774C91E501" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD103049FF3F1F774C91E501" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="63.[151,1437,151,1797]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FF3F1F774F73E77F" bold="true" box="[199,515,1378,1403]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FDED1F764FD8E77F" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[533,680,1378,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FDED1F764FD8E77F" box="[533,680,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. antennalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 7 pupal exuviae, Salmon Arm,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FBDC1F77499BE77F" box="[1060,1259,1378,1403]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FB011F774820E77F" box="[1273,1360,1378,1403]" name="Canada" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FAA61F764DBFE79B" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1988-06-07">7-VI- 1988</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD103048FDFD1F934F31E79B" box="[517,577,1414,1439]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||||
E of Salmon Arm,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FCD01F934E9EE79B" box="[808,1006,1414,1439]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FC041F934923E79B" box="[1020,1107,1414,1439]" name="Canada" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FB981F9349A7E79B" box="[1120,1239,1414,1439]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1988-06-09">9-VI-1988</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD103048FF051FBF4C35E7C7" box="[253,325,1450,1475]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||||
N of Nakusp,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FE141FBF4FC1E7C7" box="[492,689,1450,1475]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FD451FBF4E64E7C7" box="[701,788,1450,1475]" name="Canada" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FCD81FBF4EEFE7C7" box="[800,927,1450,1475]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1990-07-05">5-VII-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Plummer’s Island, Montgomery County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FE6D1FDB4F75E7E3" box="[405,517,1486,1511]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FDEC1FDB4F3FE7E3" box="[532,591,1486,1511]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FDA61FDB4FA4E7E3" box="[606,724,1486,1511]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1976-06-04">4-VI-1976</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FE8A1FE74C92E40F" box="[370,482,1522,1547]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FE0D1FE74F40E40F" box="[501,560,1522,1547]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FDBB1FE74FB3E40F" box="[579,707,1522,1547]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1977-07-05">5-VII-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FADC1FE748ECE40F" box="[1316,1436,1522,1547]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1977-05-24">24-V-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Highlands Lake Ravenel, Macon County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FC5E1C034922E42B" box="[934,1106,1558,1583]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FBA61C0349E9E42B" box="[1118,1177,1558,1583]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FB5D1C034859E42B" box="[1189,1321,1558,1583]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1986-06-10">10-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Grandview Natural Preserve, Hampton,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FCCA1C2F4EE0E457" box="[818,912,1594,1619]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FC671C2F4EAAE457" box="[927,986,1594,1619]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FC111C2F4908E457" box="[1001,1144,1594,1619]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1976-07-30">30-VII-1976</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FB701C2F486EE457" box="[1160,1310,1594,1619]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1976-08-25">25-VIII-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Grandview Natural Preserve, Hampton,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FC671C4B4E8DE473" box="[927,1021,1630,1655]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FBF11C4B4934E473" box="[1033,1092,1630,1655]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FBA81C4B49ADE473" box="[1104,1245,1630,1655]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1976-07-30">30-VII-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 2 pupal exuviae, Dyke Marsh, Alexandria,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FDDD1C974FF3E49F" box="[549,643,1666,1691]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FD771C974FBAE49F" box="[655,714,1666,1691]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FD2F1C974E3CE49F" box="[727,844,1666,1691]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1975-06-03">3-VI-1975</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, no locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FAEB1C9748ECE49F" box="[1299,1436,1666,1691]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1953-08-06">6-VIII-1953</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FEF11CB24CE7E4BB" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[265,407,1702,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquilletti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FEF11CB24CE7E4BB" box="[265,407,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. coquilletti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Farmer Agnew’s Property, Montgomery County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FB761CB3499CE4BB" box="[1166,1260,1702,1727]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FB0F1CB34842E4BB" box="[1271,1330,1702,1727]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FAC51CB34DBFE4E7" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1975-08-22">22-VIII- 1975</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 2 pupal exuviae, Hasler Farm, Co. Rt. 763, Rockingham County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FBAD1CDF49C3E4E7" box="[1109,1203,1738,1763]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FB3B1CDF498EE4E7" box="[1219,1278,1738,1763]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FAF71CDF48ECE4E7" box="[1295,1436,1738,1763]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1975-07-24">24-VII-1975</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Balboa,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FDDF1CFB4FF4E503" box="[551,644,1774,1799]" name="Panama" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FD6E1CFB4E7CE503" box="[662,780,1774,1799]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1942-09-03">3-IX-1942</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Balboa,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FB441CFB4869E503" box="[1212,1305,1774,1799]" name="Panama" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FAD31CFB48EBE503" box="[1323,1435,1774,1799]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1942-08">VIII-1942</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FEF21D064C09E52F" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[266,377,1810,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FEF21D064C09E52F" box="[266,377,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. diversa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FB601D074878E52F" box="[1176,1288,1810,1835]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FAEC1D07483FE52F" box="[1300,1359,1810,1835]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FAA41D074DBFE54B" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1977-05-24">24-V- 1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FEB11D224C90E54B" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1852" box="[329,480,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavirostris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FEB11D224C90E54B" box="[329,480,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. flavirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Maikov,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FCEE1D224EA0E54B" box="[790,976,1846,1871]" country="Ukraine" name="Rivne" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Rovno Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FC231D234948E54B" box="[987,1080,1846,1871]" name="Ukraine" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FBBD1D2349CDE54B" box="[1093,1213,1846,1871]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1974-05-29">29-V-1974</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD103048FAED1D22480EE54B" authorityName="Macfie" authorityYear="1939" box="[1301,1406,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD103048FAED1D22480EE54B" box="[1301,1406,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. glauca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Rescue Center, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FC701D4F4E88E577" box="[904,1016,1882,1907]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FBFE1D4F4931E577" box="[1030,1089,1882,1907]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FBB71D4F49B7E577" box="[1103,1223,1882,1907]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1976-05-13">13-V-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 3 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD103048FF071D6B4C21E593" box="[255,337,1918,1943]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.242048" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mi" value="4.5">4.5 mi.</quantity>
|
||||
E of Corapeake Road from Desert Road, Camden County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FBF11D6B49C8E593" box="[1033,1208,1918,1943]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FB3D1D6B4870E593" box="[1221,1280,1918,1943]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FAF71D6B48ECE593" box="[1295,1436,1918,1943]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1976-07-29">29-VII-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Dyke Marsh, Alexandria,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FD111DB74E37E5BF" box="[745,839,1954,1979]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FCAD1DB74EE0E5BF" box="[853,912,1954,1979]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FC651DB74951E5BF" box="[925,1057,1954,1979]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1952-06-29">29-VI-1952</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Falls Church,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FF011DD34C27E5DB" box="[249,343,1990,2015]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FE9C1DD34CEFE5DB" box="[356,415,1990,2015]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103048FE541DD34F40E5DB" box="[428,560,1990,2015]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1951-06-30">30-VI-1951</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Dyke Marsh, Alexandria,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD103048FB651DD3498BE5DB" box="[1181,1275,1990,2015]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD103048FAF01DD34833E5DB" box="[1288,1347,1990,2015]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD103049FAA81DD34DBFE2B4" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1952-06-29">29-VI- 1952</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Watoga State Park, Pocahontas County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC1F1A824935E2B4" box="[999,1093,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FBAB1A8249FEE2B4" box="[1107,1166,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FB641A824850E2B4" box="[1180,1312,151,176]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1976-06-25">25-VI-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Blackwater River State Forest Biological Station, Santa Rosa County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB231AA94866E2D1" box="[1243,1302,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FADC1AA948EDE2D1" box="[1316,1437,188,213]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1973-05-23">23-V-1973</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Rock Springs, Orange County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FC701ACA4EB3E2FC" box="[904,963,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FC361ACA4920E2FC" box="[974,1104,223,248]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-04-21">21-IV-1970</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FB301AF54849E2FC" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1224,1337,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FB301AF54849E2FC" box="[1224,1337,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, no locality/date (ZSMC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FDE71B114FC5E319" authorityName="Ingram & Macfie" authorityYear="1922" box="[543,693,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limnophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FDE71B114FC5E319" box="[543,693,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. limnophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Jam Tin Creek, Malelane,East Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FAA31B114D92E344" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FF151B324C1DE344" box="[237,365,295,320]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1973-12-02">2-XII-1973</date>
|
||||
(NMSA); 2 pupal exuviae, Sterk River, S.W., Potgietersrus, Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB621B32485EE344" box="[1178,1326,295,320]" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAC21B3248ECE344" box="[1338,1436,295,320]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1974-01-03">3-I-1974</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FEF51B594C17E361" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[269,359,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FEF51B594C17E361" box="[269,359,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. lutea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD113049FDB21B594FE6E361" box="[586,662,332,357]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||||
W. Old Chelsea,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC881B594EB8E361" box="[880,968,332,357]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FC211B594940E361" box="[985,1072,332,357]" name="Canada" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FBB81B5949BEE361" box="[1088,1230,332,357]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1986-07-15">15-VII-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Rescue Center, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FCD71B7A4EEFE38C" box="[815,927,367,392]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FC521B7A4E95E38C" box="[938,997,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FC081B7A4918E38C" box="[1008,1128,367,392]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1976-05-17">17-V-1976</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Beltsville, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FDD21B814FEAE3A9" box="[554,666,404,429]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FD5D1B814F90E3A9" box="[677,736,404,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FD131B814E13E3A9" box="[747,867,404,429]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1975-05-28">28-V-1975</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, Mud Creek, Tompkins County, Freeville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FE891BAD4C9BE3D4" box="[369,491,439,464]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FE031BA24F46E3D4" box="[507,566,439,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FDBE1BA24FBAE3D4" box="[582,714,439,464]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-06-19">19-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Hamilton-Essex, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FA9F1BAD4DA1E3F1" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FF241BC94C67E3F1" box="[220,279,476,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FEDC1BC94CD8E3F1" box="[292,424,476,501]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1959-06-17">17-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FC371BC94937E3F1" box="[975,1095,476,501]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1959-05-22">22-V-1959</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE941BEA4C9FE01C" box="[364,495,511,536]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1958-06-28">28-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FBBB1BEA49CCE01C" box="[1091,1212,511,536]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1959-05-25">25-V-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 24-V-60 (NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FBA1183149A0E039" box="[1113,1232,548,573]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1959-05-29">29-V-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE1018524F2FE064" box="[488,607,583,608]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1959-05-11">11-V-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Letchworth State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FB54185D4853E064" box="[1196,1315,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FAD71852481AE064" box="[1327,1386,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FA8F18524D85E081" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-06-13">13- VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD113049FDCE18794F01E081" box="[566,625,620,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||||
downstream lower Cascade Falls, Giles County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FB5B18794871E081" box="[1187,1281,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FAF518794838E081" box="[1293,1352,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAAD18794DBFE0AC" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1977-07-03">3-VII- 1977</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Alexandria,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FD7F189A4F95E0AC" box="[647,741,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FD09189A4E5CE0AC" box="[753,812,655,680]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FCC0189A4EC1E0AC" box="[824,945,655,680]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1958-05-13">13-V-1958</date>
|
||||
(WLGC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FBD4188549D2E0A3" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[1068,1186,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="navaiae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FBD4188549D2E0A3" box="[1068,1186,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. navaiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 13 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD113049FF6F18A14C77E0C9" box="[151,263,692,717]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Cranberry Lake, St. Lawrence County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FD3618A14E33E0C9" box="[718,835,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FCB518A14EF8E0C9" box="[845,904,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FC6A18A14966E0C9" box="[914,1046,692,717]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-06-25">25-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 4 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD113049FAB418A148F5E0C9" box="[1356,1413,692,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
E of Danby,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FEF718CD4C02E0EB" box="[271,370,728,751]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FE8718C24CCAE0F4" box="[383,442,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE3F18C24F3BE0F4" box="[455,587,727,752]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1986-06-25">25-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD113049FC8618C24EC9E0F4" box="[894,953,727,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
E. Danby,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FBC318CD49EEE0EB" box="[1083,1182,728,751]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB5318C24996E0F4" box="[1195,1254,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FB0B18C248ECE0F4" box="[1267,1436,727,752]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1986-06-25" valueMax="1986-06-26" valueMin="1986-06-25">25-26-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FF0518E94C01E110" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[253,369,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FF0518E94C01E110" box="[253,369,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. orientis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD113049FD8818E94FA6E111" box="[624,726,764,789]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Burgeshall, Hazyview, East Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB4818E94836E111" box="[1200,1350,764,789]" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAAC18E94DBFE13C" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1973-12-03">3-XII- 1973</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FEB419354C8FE13C" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[332,511,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidiventris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FEB419354C8FE13C" box="[332,511,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. pallidiventris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 5 pupal exuviae, McLean Reserve, Tompkins County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FB7A1935498BE13C" box="[1154,1275,799,824]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FAF0190A4833E13C" box="[1288,1347,799,824]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAA8190A4DBFE159" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-06-18">18-VI- 1963</date>
|
||||
(2 WLGC, 1 CNCI, 2 USNM); 3 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC1919514926E159" box="[993,1110,836,861]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB98195149EBE159" box="[1120,1179,836,861]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FB5E1951486EE159" box="[1190,1310,836,861]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(1 WLGC, 1 CNCI, 1 USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Ivory, Chautauqua County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC7C197D4E8CE184" box="[900,1020,871,896]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FBF119724934E184" box="[1033,1092,871,896]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FBA9197249B9E184" box="[1105,1225,871,896]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-05-31">31-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 5 pupal exuviae, Ona, Hardee County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FDA819994FFBE1A1" box="[592,651,908,933]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FD6E19994E7CE1A1" box="[662,780,908,933]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1983-11-06">6-XI-1983</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FC7D19994976E1A1" authorityName="Remm" authorityYear="1980" box="[901,1030,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FC7D19994976E1A1" box="[901,1030,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. papillata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Tien-Shan, Issyk-Kul Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FEC219A54CCDE1CC" box="[314,445,944,968]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE3119BA4F3DE1CC" box="[457,589,943,968]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1971-06-24">24-VI-1971</date>
|
||||
(ZIN); 2 pupal exuviae, Cholpon-Atinka river, Tien-Shan,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB1019A5481BE1CC" box="[1256,1387,944,968]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FA8F19BA4D86E1E9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1971-06-24">24- VI-1971</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FEB419C14CCEE1E8" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[332,446,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FEB419C14CCEE1E8" box="[332,446,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. pictipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3 pupal exuviae, Hillman Rr. Margin, Darban,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC2F19C149D1E1E9" box="[983,1185,980,1005]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB5519C14867E1E9" box="[1197,1303,980,1005]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAD919C148ECE1E9" box="[1313,1436,980,1005]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1985-10-29">29-X-1985</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Warriewood,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FD9F19ED4E4AE614" box="[615,826,1015,1040]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FCB119E24EC3E614" box="[841,947,1015,1040]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FC3919E24936E614" box="[961,1094,1015,1040]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1956-09-29">29-IX-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FEA71E094CA6E631" box="[351,470,1052,1077]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1956-11-04">4-XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Griffith,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC9F1E094942E631" box="[871,1074,1052,1077]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FBC61E0949D7E631" box="[1086,1191,1052,1077]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FB4B1E094846E631" box="[1203,1334,1052,1077]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1956-11-16">16-XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FF6F1E554C7DE65C" baseAuthorityName="Borkent & Craig" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[151,269,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabelloi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FF6F1E554C7DE65C" box="[151,269,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. rabelloi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD113049FE2F1E2A4F61E65C" box="[471,529,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE of Tarcoles,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FD2C1E2A4E22E65C" box="[724,850,1087,1112]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FCA61E2A4E9CE65C" box="[862,1004,1087,1112]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1993-07-26">26-VII-1993</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FF001E714CF5E679" box="[248,389,1124,1149]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1993-07-20">20-VII-1993</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FE0A1E714F13E679" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1953" box="[498,611,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sybleae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FE0A1E714F13E679" box="[498,611,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. sybleae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, McLean Reserve, Tompkins County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FB221E714821E679" box="[1242,1361,1124,1149]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FAA51E7148E8E679" box="[1373,1432,1124,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FF6F1E924C6AE6A4" box="[151,282,1159,1184]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1963-06-18">18-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Dismal Swamp, Camden County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FBF21E9249CCE6A4" box="[1034,1212,1159,1184]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB351E924878E6A4" box="[1229,1288,1159,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAE21E9248ECE6A4" box="[1306,1436,1159,1184]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1976-03-25">25-III-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 12 pupal exuviae, Gainsville, Alachua County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FC951EB94ED8E6C1" box="[877,936,1196,1221]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FC4C1EB94946E6C1" box="[948,1078,1196,1221]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1967-04-20">20-IV-1967</date>
|
||||
(5 USNM, 5 WGLC, 2 CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Rock Springs, Orange County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FCF61EDA4E39E6EC" box="[782,841,1231,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FCAB1EDA4EA5E6EC" box="[851,981,1231,1256]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-04-21">21-IV-1970</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Dyke Marsh, Alexandria,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FEDA1EE14CF0E709" box="[290,384,1268,1293]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FE741EE14CB7E709" box="[396,455,1268,1293]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE2B1EE14F27E709" box="[467,599,1268,1293]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1952-06-29">29-VI-1952</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Dyke Swamp, Alexandria,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FB3F1EE14855E709" box="[1223,1317,1268,1293]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FAC91EE1481CE709" box="[1329,1388,1268,1293]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FA801EE14D86E734" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1952-06-11">11- VI-1952</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FE8C1F0D4F7AE734" box="[372,522,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsenae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FE8C1F0D4CF2E72B" box="[372,386,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FE6A1F024F7AE734" box="[402,522,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">thomsenae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FDCD1F0D4FFEE734" box="[565,654,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FDCD1F0D4FFEE734" box="[565,654,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S. bulla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Montgomery County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FB9B1F0249B1E734" box="[1123,1217,1303,1328]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB371F02487AE734" box="[1231,1290,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAE01F0248ECE734" box="[1304,1436,1303,1328]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1977-06-23">23-VI-1977</date>
|
||||
(VPIC).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FF0F1F294C75E757" box="[247,261,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, Negrito Creek Reserve, Catron County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC441F29493FE751" box="[956,1103,1340,1365]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FBA21F2949E5E751" box="[1114,1173,1340,1365]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FB671F294854E751" box="[1183,1316,1340,1365]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1992-09-21">21-IX-1992</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Grandview Natural Preserve, Hampton,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FCFA1F4A4E10E77C" box="[770,864,1375,1400]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FC931F4A4ED6E77C" box="[875,934,1375,1400]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FC491F4A494EE77C" box="[945,1086,1375,1400]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1976-07-30">30-VII-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 3 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD113049FA9C1F4A48ECE77C" box="[1380,1436,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||||
N of Caldera,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FEC41F914CCBE799" box="[316,443,1412,1437]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE301F914F26E799" box="[456,598,1412,1437]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1993-12-17">17-XII-1993</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FAA71F9148E8E79F" box="[1375,1432,1412,1435]" name="Laos" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FF6F1FB24C5EE7C4" box="[151,302,1447,1472]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1967-08-20">20-VIII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FCAB1FB24EB7E7C4" box="[851,967,1447,1472]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1968-03-04">4-III-1968</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Houng River, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FD741FD94FB5E7E7" box="[652,709,1484,1507]" name="Laos" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FD231FD94E23E7E1" box="[731,851,1484,1509]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1967-05-30">30-V-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 2 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FE7F1FE54CB0E403" box="[391,448,1520,1543]" name="Laos" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE341FFA4F35E40C" box="[460,581,1519,1544]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1967-02-12">12-II-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FB9A1FFA49A2E40C" box="[1122,1234,1519,1544]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1967-01-22">22-I-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE271C014F06E429" box="[479,630,1556,1581]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1967-08-23">23-VIII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Phu Khi Minh Mountain, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FE701C2D4CB1E44B" box="[392,449,1592,1615]" name="Laos" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FE351C224F5FE454" box="[461,559,1591,1616]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1967-01-08">8-I-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Bindoon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC2D1C2D49D1E454" box="[981,1185,1591,1616]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB541C224865E454" box="[1196,1301,1591,1616]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAD91C2248ECE454" box="[1313,1436,1591,1616]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1985-10-27">27-X-1985</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Weeli Woli Spring, Fortescue River, Pilbara,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FC361C4949ECE471" box="[974,1180,1628,1653]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FB521C494864E471" box="[1194,1300,1628,1653]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FAD91C4948ECE471" box="[1313,1436,1628,1653]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1995-10-17">17-X-1995</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Mooka Ruins, Gascoyne River,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FCC81C954E8CE49C" box="[816,1020,1663,1688]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FBF21C6A4901E49C" box="[1034,1137,1663,1688]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Gap Creek trib. Fitzroy River,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FDFC1CB14FA3E4B9" box="[516,723,1700,1725]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FD1B1CB14E3AE4B9" box="[739,842,1700,1725]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Lady Carrington Drive, Royal National Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FE681CDD4F10E4E4" box="[400,608,1735,1760]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FD951CD24FA4E4E4" box="[621,724,1735,1760]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, McCarrs Creek,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD113049FB311CDD48E9E4E4" box="[1225,1433,1735,1760]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD113049FF6F1CF94C71E501" box="[151,257,1772,1797]" name="Australia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD113049FEF41CF94C0BE501" box="[268,379,1772,1797]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1969-01-14">14-I-1969</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
255
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD14304DFDB81E2F4C43E6EC.xml
Normal file
255
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD14304DFDB81E2F4C43E6EC.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
|
|||
<document id="99A657B79B6B1EBB246A5CB782FE24B0" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD14304DFDB81E2F4C43E6EC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Baeodasymyia Clastrier & Raccurt" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="E6218BD9F9DB3EC94FD0D1111A5747D3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="FFFCCA1087719241FE0F9CB1421803D3">
|
||||
<mods:title id="569C7024FE7B25F55C768DDCF837EC67">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="4601B1263C8F45FD9D374B0A3A1BD94F" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="0207AA6D4F73112CC5B9E03A132A8F0D">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9213933140537C697AFCA0CD010A0B91">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D52C9F1BBD55CD1CFA9DF84175459D0B">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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<mods:title id="6BA39B2FE1AD08404A9548AB72B1473C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
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<mods:part id="FA237D97BDE298999ED213C6C83FE169">
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<mods:date id="A2E283346E5DBBC83919B8E3DB61EB0D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="810BDDA92462B2058E1985962BA5BEFA">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3D3CAD1E2343E09F13FBEE00D1D60FF1">3879</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0CE6582FC9131475000DCDA958110B66">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6C8DAFA49E6CC05F0D2718ACF8F34B4C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F8EFFCD212F1EC328F5F60CC6560D275" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD14304DFDB81E2F4C43E6EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589813" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD14304DFDB81E2F4C43E6EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD14304DFDB81E2F4C43E6EC" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD14304CFDB81E2F4E82E651" box="[576,1010,1082,1109]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD14304CFDB81E2F4E82E651" blockId="58.[468,1118,1082,1142]" box="[576,1010,1082,1109]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFDB81E2F4E82E651" ID-CoL="62FHH" authority="Clastrier & Raccurt" authorityName="Clastrier & Raccurt" box="[576,1010,1082,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Baeodasymyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFDB81E2F4E82E651" bold="true" box="[576,1010,1082,1109]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFDB81E2F4F9EE650" bold="true" box="[576,750,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Baeodasymyia</emphasis>
|
||||
Clastrier & Raccurt
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD14304CFE2C1E48492EE672" box="[468,1118,1117,1142]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD14304CFE2C1E48492EE672" blockId="58.[468,1118,1082,1142]" box="[468,1118,1117,1142]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFE251E484F4AE672" box="[477,570,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="247.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-139@247.[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="247" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pupae in unusual habitats, preservation and relative sizes. A. Forcipomyia pupae, Rancho Grande, Venezuela; photo by Steve Marshall. B. Forcipomyia pupae under bark of log of Pinus sylvestris, Poland; photo by Marek W. Kozlowski. C. Pupae of Mallochohelea sp. on emergent plants at edge of Bolean Lk., 6 km NE Falkland, British Columbia. D. Palpomyia sp. showing mounting technique on pin, 8 km E. Sicamous, British Columbia. E. Permanent slide mount of dissected adult and pupal exuviae of Mallochohelea albibasis. F. Pupal exuviae, from left to right, of Baeodasymyia michaeli, Culicoides denticulatus and Sphaeromias longipennis showing size differences within the family. Total length of Baeodasymyia michaeli = 1.2 mm, of Sphaeromias = 7.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949061/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFDBD1E484F08E672" box="[581,632,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">19N</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFD7C1E484FC0E672" box="[644,688,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">24F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFD431E484F9EE672" box="[699,750,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">29Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFD011E484E5DE672" box="[761,813,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">32K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFCCF1E484E17E672" box="[823,871,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">35E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFC8B1E484ED4E672" box="[883,932,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">44C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFC571E484EABE672" box="[943,987,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">48F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFC1F1E48496AE672" box="[999,1050,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="304.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[203,1416,215,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-57@304.[194,1426,209,1948]" captionTargetPageId="304" captionText="FIGURE 59. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis. C. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949258/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">59A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFBDD1E484927E672" box="[1061,1111,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">74A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD14304CFF6F1EB04EC9E776" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD14304CFF6F1EB04EC9E776" blockId="58.[151,1437,1189,2006]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFF6F1EB04C44E6BA" bold="true" box="[151,308,1189,1214]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFE271EB04FEEE6BA" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,1189,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the respiratory organ elongate and with three distinct sections: a cylindrical, smooth basal portion, a cylindrical middle portion with annulations for most of its distal length, and a compressed, rounded or concave apical portion (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFD311EF84E44E702" box="[713,820,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 44C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique with a short foreleg, with its apex well anterior of the apex of the wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFDF41F044F02E72E" box="[524,626,1297,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique in being very small, with total body length
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD14304CFB011F0448EDE72D" box="[1273,1437,1297,1322]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="0.91" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.19" valueMin="0.91">0.91–1.19 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFF251F204CFAE74A" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[221,394,1333,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFF251F204CFAE74A" box="[221,394,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are similarly small, with a body length
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD14304CFC921F204964E749" box="[874,1044,1333,1358]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="1.675" valueMax="2.16" valueMin="1.19">1.19–2.16 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; however, the unknown pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFF6F1F4C4C6EE776" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,286,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nannohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFF6F1F4C4C6EE776" box="[151,286,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nannohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFED41F4C4CD2E776" authorityName="Wirth & Blanton" authorityYear="1970" box="[300,418,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Baeohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFED41F4C4CD2E776" box="[300,418,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Baeohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and some others will certainly be equally tiny).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD14304DFF3F1F684EBCE159" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD14304DFF3F1F684EBCE159" blockId="58.[151,1437,1189,2006]" lastBlockId="59.[151,1436,151,1256]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFF3F1F684CFAE792" bold="true" box="[199,394,1405,1430]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD14304CFDBD1F684F9DE791" box="[581,749,1405,1430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="0.91" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.19" valueMin="0.91">0.91–1.19 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, in some specimens against wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFB2C1FB4483BE7BE" box="[1236,1355,1441,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFAA31FB448E0E7BE" box="[1371,1424,1441,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">32K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear medial to base of antenna (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFD6E1FD04E74E7DA" box="[662,772,1477,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFCE81FD04E35E7DA" box="[784,837,1477,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">79D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFB641FD049ACE7DA" bold="true" box="[1180,1244,1477,1502]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFF671FFC4C7DE406" box="[159,269,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 19N</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, with dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFE591C184F76E422" box="[417,518,1549,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFBD91C2449F6E44E" box="[1057,1158,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFEF81C6C4C15E496" box="[256,357,1657,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFE2A1C884F4BE4B2" box="[466,571,1693,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 19N</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFCC51CD44EEDE4DE" box="[829,925,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—not visible; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFB5C1CD44874E4DE" box="[1188,1284,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFF1D1CF04C4EE4FA" bold="true" box="[229,318,1765,1790]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFD911CF04FA3E4FA" box="[617,723,1765,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, extending posteromedially, completely dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFAD21D1C48FFE526" box="[1322,1423,1801,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 48F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD14304CFE971D384CA8E542" box="[367,472,1837,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 44C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.75–6.67, elongate, with three distinct sections: cylindrical basal portion smooth, cylindrical middle portion with annulations for most of distal length, compressed apical portion rounded or concave apically, apical portion somewhat flattened, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with one additional, more basal pore, outer surface with annulations, without other surface modifications, with moderately elongate pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFE051AA94F2FE2D1" box="[509,607,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with slight angle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFDDF1ACA4FFEE2FC" box="[551,654,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 32K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/3 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFEBA1B114CD6E319" box="[322,422,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFE5F1B324F61E344" box="[423,529,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 32K</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg far anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 seta; anterolaterals—2 setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFB3F1B59485EE361" box="[1223,1326,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 29Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-5-T absent; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T posteromedial to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFBED1B81490AE3A9" box="[1045,1146,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 48F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFD251BA24E21E3D4" bold="true" box="[733,849,439,464]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with slightly rounded to pointed, or serrate short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFB001BEA4814E01C" box="[1272,1380,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 74A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified but with dorsolateral row of spines at near midlength, bordering shallow posteromedial concavity, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFDFC18794F15E081" box="[516,613,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 48F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 6 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2- I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFBDA189A49F8E0AC" box="[1058,1160,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="304.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[203,1416,215,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-57@304.[194,1426,209,1948]" captionTargetPageId="304" captionText="FIGURE 59. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis. C. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949258/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 59A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short setae on serrate tubercles; D-5-IV barely visible short seta, D-8-IV short seta, D-9-IV absent; D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7- IV, D-8-IV on short, serrate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D- 5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV; L-1-IV absent, L-2-IV, L-3-IV short setae on pointed tubercles, L-4-IV thick seta on serrate tubercle, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on serrate tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1- VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFEAF19514CCCE159" box="[343,444,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 74A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD15304DFF3F19724C32E1CC" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD15304DFF3F19724C32E1CC" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFF3F19724F2DE184" bold="true" box="[199,605,871,896]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFD1319724EFFE184" box="[747,911,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Baeodasymyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFD1319724EFFE184" box="[747,911,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Baeodasymyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from five species in the Neotropical Region (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFF0E19994CE6E1A1" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[246,406,908,933]" genus="Borkent" pageId="59" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD15304DFF0E19994CE6E1A1" author="Borkent" box="[246,406,908,933]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The immatures of two species have been reared from small springs in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD15304DFB4019994842E1A1" box="[1208,1330,908,933]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD15304DFAB819994C46E1CC" author="Borkent & Craig" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref177390" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (1999) A revision of the Neotropical genus Baeodasymyia Clastrier & Raccurt (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates, 3274, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFAB8199948ECE1A1" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1344,1436,908,933]" genus="Borkent" pageId="59" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Craig 1999
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD15304DFF3F19C14F01E631" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD15304DFF3F19C14F01E631" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFF3F19C14F5AE1E9" bold="true" box="[199,554,980,1005]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD15304DFDC119C14E34E1E9" author="Borkent & Craig" box="[569,836,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref177390" refString="Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (1999) A revision of the Neotropical genus Baeodasymyia Clastrier & Raccurt (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates, 3274, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFDC119C14FE3E1E9" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[569,659,980,1005]" genus="Borkent" pageId="59" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Craig (1999)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the pupae of the only two species known in this stage (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD15304DFEE519E24CD3E614" box="[285,419,1015,1040]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFDCE19E24FAAE614" box="[566,730,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Baeodasymyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFDCE19E24FAAE614" box="[566,730,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Baeodasymyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are lacking thoracic sensillum D-5-T and two sensilla on abdominal segment 4: D-9-IV and L-1-IV.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD15304DFF3F1E2A4C43E6EC" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD15304DFF3F1E2A4C43E6EC" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFF3F1E2A4F71E65C" bold="true" box="[199,513,1087,1112]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFDE91E544FC9E65C" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="1999" box="[529,697,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Baeodasymyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christopheri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFDE91E544FC9E65C" box="[529,697,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B. christopheri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD15304DFC521E2A497FE65C" box="[938,1039,1087,1112]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Atenas,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD15304DFB861E2A498BE65C" box="[1150,1275,1087,1112]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD15304DFAFF1E2A4803E65C" box="[1287,1395,1087,1112]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1993-10-05">5-X-1993</date>
|
||||
(as larva, reared) (CNCI);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD15304DFE6F1E714C93E67F" box="[407,483,1124,1149]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
(of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD15304DFDE81E714F05E679" box="[528,629,1124,1149]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD15304DFD701E714FB1E679" box="[648,705,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE Tarcoles,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD15304DFC981E714EACE679" box="[864,988,1124,1149]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD15304DFC101E714906E679" box="[1000,1142,1124,1149]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1993-12-17">17-XII-1993</date>
|
||||
(as larva, reared) (CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFF6F1E9C4C68E6A4" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,280,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Baeodasymyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFF6F1E9C4C68E6A4" box="[151,280,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B. michaeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD15304DFED11E924CF3E69B" box="[297,387,1159,1184]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
(of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD15304DFE4E1E924F56E6A4" box="[438,550,1159,1184]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), 9 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD15304DFCDC1E924EE4E6A4" box="[804,916,1159,1184]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), 1 pupal exuviae, Atenas,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD15304DFB341E92483BE6A4" box="[1228,1355,1159,1184]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD15304DFAA11E924DBFE6C1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1993-10-25">25-X- 1993</date>
|
||||
(as larvae, reared) (CNCI,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD15304DFDF01EB94F20E6C1" box="[520,592,1196,1221]" country="Costa Rica" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y350-djvc" name="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">INBC</collectionCode>
|
||||
); 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin),
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD15304DFC451EB94E88E6C1" box="[957,1016,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE of Tarcoles,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD15304DFB431EB9484AE6C1" box="[1211,1338,1196,1221]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD15304DFABE1EB94DBFE6EC" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1993-12-17">17-XII- 1993</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
189
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD15304AFD9B1F294C04E6A4.xml
Normal file
189
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD15304AFD9B1F294C04E6A4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
|
|||
<document id="6E5E9D49836888D64D6478F13EA32FC0" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD15304AFD9B1F294C04E6A4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Austrohelea Wirth & Grogan" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="CCF365077512E5B62EACF8F870316A7D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="D9E2E53E96162AC4A15A36C6DAFBF4CD">
|
||||
<mods:title id="15102C8CB2EE5CD3B7E3A92406E394E9">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="12120FA8379D4C7A9966E2DA54AF9BEA" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="86AA3398CEF5C918E021E4005A1FCE11">
|
||||
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<mods:namePart id="166FF3DD7A55F6EB2CA548E3CE5E151D">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="04F78B3246D1ADCA80A979B09D26B15F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="34DA0C9C39BB25601266C02A95B589F2">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C1DB9DB2831910EFA84C61843A51ACB">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6B5B899BFC5D87143D53F1543F351820" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0611BF4F8692855920DB098E83726513">3879</mods:number>
|
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<mods:identifier id="499D9A94D037A9C57B0FC3C7DEE0CCD7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B794C30CCCEC01D820D9CD9CD768A43" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD15304AFD9B1F294C04E6A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD15304AFD9B1F294C04E6A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD15304AFD9B1F294C04E6A4" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD15304DFD9B1F294EA0E752" box="[611,976,1340,1366]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD15304DFD9B1F294EA0E752" blockId="59.[518,1068,1340,1399]" box="[611,976,1340,1366]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFD9B1F294EA0E752" ID-CoL="36BZ" authority="Wirth & Grogan" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" box="[611,976,1340,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austrohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFD9B1F294EA0E752" bold="true" box="[611,976,1340,1366]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFD9B1F294F86E752" bold="true" box="[611,758,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Austrohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth & Grogan
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD15304DFDFE1F4B495CE773" box="[518,1068,1374,1399]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD15304DFDFE1F4B495CE773" blockId="59.[518,1068,1340,1399]" box="[518,1068,1374,1399]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFDF71F4B4FF1E773" box="[527,641,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs. 19O</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFD741F4B4FCCE773" box="[652,700,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">24G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFD3F1F4B4F88E773" box="[711,760,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">29R</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFCFC1F4B4E5FE773" box="[772,815,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">35F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFCC31F4B4E1EE773" box="[827,878,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">44D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFC811F4B4EDDE773" box="[889,941,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">49A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFC4F1F4B4E99E773" box="[951,1001,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="304.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[203,1416,215,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-57@304.[194,1426,209,1948]" captionTargetPageId="304" captionText="FIGURE 59. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis. C. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949258/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">59B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFC0C1F4B4954E773" box="[1012,1060,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">74B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD15304DFF6F1FB34CFCE403" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD15304DFF6F1FB34CFCE403" blockId="59.[151,1437,1446,2011]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFF6F1FB34C44E7BB" bold="true" box="[151,308,1446,1471]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD15304DFE271FB34FEEE7BB" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the apex of the hind leg ventral to the apex of the midleg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFA971FB34DB4E7E7" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (only the female is known; perhaps the male, without the elongate hind leg claw of the developing adult will not have this feature).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD15304AFF3F1C074E92E1A1" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD15304AFF3F1C074E92E1A1" blockId="59.[151,1437,1446,2011]" lastBlockId="60.[151,1436,151,1184]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFF3F1C074CFAE42F" bold="true" box="[199,394,1554,1579]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD15304DFDA01C074FB6E42E" box="[600,710,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.50 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFCF21C234E00E44B" box="[778,880,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFA9D1C234DBAE477" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFF211C4F4C7BE477" box="[217,267,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">79E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFD8D1C4F4FC4E477" bold="true" box="[629,692,1626,1651]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFC6B1C4F4E8EE477" box="[915,1022,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 19O</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFB781C6B4993E493" box="[1152,1251,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFE4C1CD34F6AE4DB" box="[436,538,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending equal to or just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFF671D1B4C73E523" box="[159,259,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFE9E1D274CBCE54F" box="[358,460,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 19O</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 moderately elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, no campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFCB61D434EC4E56B" box="[846,948,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFAFA1D434819E56B" box="[1282,1385,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD15304DFDF31D6F4F14E597" bold="true" box="[523,612,1914,1939]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFC801D6F4EAFE597" box="[888,991,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, extending posteromedially, completely dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFEF01DD74C02E5DF" box="[264,370,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD15304DFDAE1DD74FCCE5DF" box="[598,700,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 44D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 6.25–6.25, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with additional more basal pores, outer surface smooth, with moderately elongate pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, distally with plate; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFD591B114E77E319" box="[673,775,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with slight angle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFC9A1B324EBDE344" box="[866,973,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFD2D1B594E46E361" box="[725,822,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFC9B1B7A4EB9E38C" box="[867,969,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg slightly anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg ventral to apex of midleg, apex of each hind leg nearly abutting apically and abutting apices of foreleg; sensilla: anteromedials—2 setae; anterolaterals—3 setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFB261BA24834E3D4" box="[1246,1348,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 29R</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1- T, D-2-T, D-4-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-5-T absent, D-3-T posteromedial to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFD781BEA4F97E01C" box="[640,743,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFEB218314CCEE039" bold="true" box="[330,446,548,573]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with anterior margins of tergites 3–7, anterior margins of sternites 3–7 pigmented, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with bilobed or rounded, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFB0518794815E081" box="[1277,1381,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 74B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes widely separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFDFC18A14F1AE0C9" box="[516,618,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 6 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFBFE18C24919E0F4" box="[1030,1129,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="304.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[203,1416,215,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-57@304.[194,1426,209,1948]" captionTargetPageId="304" captionText="FIGURE 59. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis. C. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949258/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 59B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short or moderately elongate setae on separate tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV short seta, D-9-IV absent; on short bilobed tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8- IV; L-1-IV 1 seta on bilobed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on bilobed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on bilobed tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L- 1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD12304AFE9719994CA0E1A1" box="[367,464,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 74B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD12304AFF3F19BA4F13E614" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD12304AFF3F19BA4F13E614" blockId="60.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFF3F19BA4F2AE1CC" bold="true" box="[199,602,943,968]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD12304AFD1B19BA4E19E1CC" box="[739,873,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austrohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFD1B19BA4E19E1CC" box="[739,873,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Austrohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from seven species from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD12304AFB0B19BA482DE1CC" box="[1267,1373,943,968]" name="Australia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD12304AFA9F19A54D81E1E9" name="New Zealand" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD12304AFED319C14CEAE1E9" box="[299,410,980,1005]" name="Argentina" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD12304AFE5319C14F3DE1E9" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[427,589,980,1005]" genus="Borkent" pageId="60" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD12304AFE5319C14F3DE1E9" author="Borkent" box="[427,589,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The only pupa known was reared from the subantarctic Campbell Island but the specific habitat was not recorded.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD12304AFF3F1E094F1CE65C" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD12304AFF3F1E094F1CE65C" blockId="60.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFF3F1E094F40E631" bold="true" box="[199,560,1052,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The unique pupal exuviae was previously described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD12304AFB2C1E094D91E65C" author="Sublette & Wirth" firstAuthor="Sublette" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="299 - 378" refId="ref196910" refString="Sublette, J. E. & Wirth, W. W. (1980) The Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) of New Zealand's subantarctic islands. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 7, 299 - 378. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423791" type="journal article" year="1980">Sublette & Wirth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and reexamined here (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD12304AFE181E2A4F2FE65C" box="[480,607,1087,1112]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD12304AFF3F1E714C04E6A4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD12304AFF3F1E714C04E6A4" blockId="60.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFF3F1E714F71E679" bold="true" box="[199,513,1124,1149]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD12304AFDE81E714FBEE679" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[528,718,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austrohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campbellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD12304AFDE81E714FBEE679" box="[528,718,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">A. campbellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Tucser Cove, Campbell Island,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD12304AFB071E7148E8E679" box="[1279,1432,1124,1149]" name="New Zealand" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD12304AFF6F1E924C77E6A4" box="[151,263,1159,1184]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1969-01-22">22-I-1969</date>
|
||||
(NZAC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
735
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD16304CFD6C1B7A4D85E1E9.xml
Normal file
735
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD16304CFD6C1B7A4D85E1E9.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="DF8E0BB239ABA35AD243EE36914AD49B">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD16304CFD6C1B7A4D85E1E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592985" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD16304CFD6C1B7A4D85E1E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD16304CFD6C1B7A4D85E1E9" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD16304EFD6C1B7A4EEFE38E" ID-CoL="SPK" ID-ENA="1874299" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[660,927,367,394]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD16304EFE7B1B8749C0E3AF" box="[387,1200,402,427]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD16304EFE7B1B8749C0E3AF" blockId="56.[387,1200,367,427]" box="[387,1200,402,427]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFE731B874C8AE3AF" box="[395,506,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 13E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFDFD1B874F2DE3AF" box="[517,605,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">19L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFD9F1B874FE7E3AF" box="[615,663,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">24E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFD5B1B874FBEE3AF" box="[675,718,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">29P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFD211B874E73E3AF" box="[729,771,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">32J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFCF61B874E31E3AF" box="[782,833,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">35D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFCB41B874EE8E3AF" box="[844,920,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">43S–T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFC5B1B874E87E3AF" box="[931,1015,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">44A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFBFA1B874941E3AF" box="[1026,1073,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">48E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFBC51B87491EE3AF" box="[1085,1134,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">58C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFB811B8749D8E3AF" box="[1145,1192,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">73L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD16304EFF6F1BCF4C7BE0A2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD16304EFF6F1BCF4C7BE0A2" blockId="56.[151,1437,474,2036]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD16304EFF6F1BCF4C44E3F7" bold="true" box="[151,308,474,499]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD16304EFDFE1BCF4FB5E3F7" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[518,709,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the respiratory organ with two closely appressed or approximated rows of pores and with each pore oblong in shape (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFC861BEB497AE013" box="[894,1034,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 43S–T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFBEE1BEB491BE013" box="[1046,1131,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">44A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Also only pupae with the abdominal segment 4 sensilla D-4-IV and D-7-IV placed on either side of D-8-IV (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFBCD183749E9E03F" box="[1077,1177,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 58C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (in some species D-7- IV is placed more laterally, closer to D-9-IV). Also only pupa with the prothoracic extension abutting the antenna but not extending to the palpus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFE07187C4F13E086" box="[511,611,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and the halter extending well posterior of the anterior margin of tergite 2 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFF6718984D8EE0A2" box="[159,254,653,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 32J</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD16304EFF3F18A448EDE5D4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD16304EFF3F18A448EDE5D4" blockId="56.[151,1437,474,2036]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD16304EFF3F18A44CFAE0CE" bold="true" box="[199,394,689,714]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD16304EFDBD18A44F9DE0CD" box="[581,749,689,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="1.81" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="2.28" valueMax="2.75" valueMin="1.81">1.81–2.75 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, in some against wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFBB818C149C5E0E9" box="[1088,1205,724,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFB3C18C1499FE0E9" box="[1220,1263,724,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">32J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear medial to base of antenna or to posterior to base (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFCFD18ED4EE8E114" box="[773,920,760,785]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 15B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFC5C18ED4E87E115" box="[932,1015,760,785]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">79D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD16304EFAAC18ED48E4E115" bold="true" box="[1364,1428,760,785]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFEAF19094C9EE131" box="[343,494,796,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 19L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFE03192A4F14E15C" box="[507,612,831,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFB7E1976499AE178" box="[1158,1258,867,892]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFD1119BE4E20E1C0" box="[745,848,939,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 35D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFC5319DB4934E1E3" box="[939,1092,974,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 19L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short to moderate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFF671E034C75E62B" box="[159,261,1046,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—absent; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFE111E034F3FE62B" box="[489,591,1046,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD16304EFC001E034921E62B" bold="true" box="[1016,1105,1046,1071]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFA961E034DB5E657" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) short, present only dorsolaterally abutting antenna, not extending to palpus; mesonotum with very short tubercles, not extending posteromedially or with slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFAD21E4848FFE672" box="[1322,1423,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 48E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFE9C1E944C9FE69E" box="[356,495,1153,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs. 43S–T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFE011E944F3BE69E" box="[505,587,1153,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">44A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.56–7.20, elongate, slender to moderately thick, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in two closely appressed rows, with or without additional, more basal pores, outer surface with (nearly all species) or without spicules, spines or pointed plates, without pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, distally with plate; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFF271F214C36E749" box="[223,326,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 35D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with apical tubercle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFED71F424CFBE774" box="[303,395,1367,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 32J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/3 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFAD71F4248E4E774" box="[1327,1428,1367,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 35D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFA971F6E4DB1E7BC" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 32J</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly dorsal to, partially abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 setae; anterolaterals—3 setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFA971FD64DB5E7FB" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 29P</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T posteromedial to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFD791C1F4F94E427" box="[641,740,1546,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 48E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD16304EFEB81C3B4CC4E443" bold="true" box="[320,436,1582,1607]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern or anteromedial margin of tergites 1–4 (fading posteriorly) or tergites 1–5 (tergite 1 with 4 medial), just medial on tergite 6, fading posteriorly, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFC3A1C8C4956E4B6" box="[962,1062,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 73L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFEF41CF44C04E4FE" box="[268,372,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 48E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7–8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFC8C1D114EA7E519" box="[884,983,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 58C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV moderately elongate setae on separate tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short setae, on short to moderately elongate, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-7- IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV short seta on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short to moderately elongate setae on pointed tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD16304EFCD51DA24EFDE5D4" box="[813,909,1975,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 73L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD16304FFF3F1DCE4CDCE2FC" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD16304FFF3F1DCE4CDCE2FC" blockId="56.[151,1437,474,2036]" lastBlockId="57.[151,1437,151,2011]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD16304EFF3F1DCE4F2DE5F0" bold="true" box="[199,605,2011,2036]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD16304EFD121DCE4EF7E5F0" box="[746,903,2011,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD16304EFD121DCE4EF7E5F0" box="[746,903,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Alluaudomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 203 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFEE61A824CCEE2B4" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[286,446,151,176]" genus="Borkent" pageId="57" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFEE61A824CCEE2B4" author="Borkent" box="[286,446,151,176]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been sampled from ponds, bogs, fens, swamps, treeholes and margins of streams, creeks, rivers and lakes. Some species have been reared from wet leaves and mud associated with the aforementioned habitats.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD17304FFF3F1B164CE6E15F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD17304FFF3F1B164F32E367" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFF3F1B164F44E318" bold="true" box="[199,564,259,284]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are 23 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFC871B16496CE318" box="[895,1052,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFC871B16496CE318" box="[895,1052,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Alluaudomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD17304FFAF01B1648FFE318" box="[1288,1423,259,284]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Considering the good visibility of the larvae, which swim on the surface film, there are good prospects of rearing many additional species of this genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD17304FFF3F1B7B499FE05B" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
The dorsal apotomes of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFE211B7B4F41E383" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[473,561,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFE211B7B4F41E383" box="[473,561,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. bella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFDB91B7B4F91E383" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1956" box="[577,737,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Forcipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribbeana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFDB91B7B4F91E383" box="[577,737,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. caribbeana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFD171B7B4EDBE383" authorityName="Spinelli & Wirth" authorityYear="1984" box="[751,939,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distispinulosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFD171B7B4EDBE383" box="[751,939,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. distispinulosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFC421B7B496AE383" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[954,1050,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="footei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFC421B7B496AE383" box="[954,1050,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. footei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFBD11B7B4984E382" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1957" box="[1065,1268,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megaparamera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFBD11B7B4984E382" box="[1065,1268,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. megaparamera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFAFB1B7B48E5E382" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[1283,1429,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraspina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFAFB1B7B48E5E382" box="[1283,1429,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. paraspina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFF6F1B864D99E3AE" box="[151,233,403,426]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parv">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFF6F1B864D99E3AE" box="[151,233,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. parv</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
a,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFEFB1B864C29E3AE" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1971" box="[259,345,403,426]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reyei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFEFB1B864C29E3AE" box="[259,345,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. reyei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFE771B864F53E3AF" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1971" box="[399,547,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguistyla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFE771B864F53E3AF" box="[399,547,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. unguistyla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been illustrated without campaniform sensillum DA-2-H (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFB161B874C42E3CB" author="Elson-Harris & Kettle" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="287 - 299" refId="ref182426" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1985 b) The immature stages of some Australian Alluaudomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 24, 287 - 299. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1985. tb 00245. x" type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFEBC1BA34F19E3CB" author="Grogan & Bystrak" box="[324,617,438,463]" firstAuthor="Grogan" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="314 - 316" refId="ref184479" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Bystrak, P. G. (1976) Description of the pupa, larva, and larval habitat of Alluaudomyia parva Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 78, 314 - 316." type="journal article" year="1976">Grogan & Bystrak 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFD821BA34E69E3CB" author="Spinelli" box="[634,793,438,463]" firstAuthor="Spinelli" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="123 - 124" refId="ref195755" refString="Spinelli, G. R. (1997) Further notes on Neotropical Ceratopogonini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 56, 123 - 124." type="journal article" year="1997">Spinelli 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFCD41BA3494DE3CB" author="Spinelli & Wirth" box="[812,1085,438,463]" firstAuthor="Spinelli" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="673 - 702" refId="ref196214" refString="Spinelli, G. R. & Wirth, W. W. (1984) The Neotropical predaceous midges of the genus Alluaudomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 86, 673 - 702." type="journal article" year="1984">Spinelli & Wirth 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFBB71BA3482DE3CB" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[1103,1373,438,463]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref184806" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) A new genus of predaceous midges of the tribe Sphaeromiini from Thailand (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 23, 201 - 206." type="journal article" year="1981">Wirth & Grogan 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but examination of original material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFDC91BCE4FFAE3F7" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[561,650,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFDC91BCE4FFAE3F7" box="[561,650,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. bella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFD631BCE4EB9E3F7" box="[667,969,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFD631BCE4E2AE3F7" authorityName="Spinelli & Wirth" authorityYear="1984" box="[667,858,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distispinulosa">A. distispinulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFC901BCE4EB9E3F7" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[872,969,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="footei">A. footei</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFC211BCE49D6E3F6" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1957" box="[985,1190,475,498]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megaparamera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFC211BCE49D6E3F6" box="[985,1190,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. megaparamera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFB4E1BCE4839E3F6" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[1206,1353,475,498]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraspina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFB4E1BCE4839E3F6" box="[1206,1353,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. paraspina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFA7C1BCE4DBAE012" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parv">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFA7C1BCE4DBAE012" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. parv</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
a indicates that it is actually present in at least these species. The campaniform sensillum has likely been overlooked in the other species considering that all species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFCAC18374E81E03F" box="[852,1009,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFCAC18374E81E03F" box="[852,1009,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Alluaudomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
I examined had the sensillum present among the similarly sized spicules and that the sensillum is present in most other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFBD01853499BE05B" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1064,1259,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD17304FFF3F187E4D8AE0A3" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFF3F187E4CE8E087" author="De Meillon" box="[199,408,618,643]" firstAuthor="De Meillon" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="9 - 25" refId="ref180917" refString="De Meillon, B. (1939) Notes on Ceratopogonidae (Dipt. Nematocera) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1, 9 - 25." type="journal article" year="1939">De Meillon (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrated abdominal segment 5 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFCD2187E4EAEE087" baseAuthorityName="Carter, Ingram & Macfie" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[810,990,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculithorax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFCD2187E4EAEE087" box="[810,990,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. maculithorax</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but misidentified the dorsal and ventral surfaces.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD17304FFF3F18A74CE6E15F" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
The distinctive placement of fourth abdominal segment sensilla D-7-IV lateral to D-8-IV has not been reported or illustrated by those previous authors describing the sensilla of the abdominal segments, likely because this sensillum coeloconica is small, difficult to discern and was overlooked (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFC3A18EF49F1E117" author="de Meillon" box="[962,1153,762,787]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="9 - 25" refId="ref180917" refString="De Meillon, B. (1939) Notes on Ceratopogonidae (Dipt. Nematocera) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1, 9 - 25." type="journal article" year="1939">de Meillon 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFB7418EF4837E117" author="Debenham" box="[1164,1351,762,787]" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="128 - 174" refId="ref180417" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1971) Australasian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Part XV: The genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer in Australia and New Guinea. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 96, 128 - 174." type="journal article" year="1971">Debenham 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFAAB18EF4CEBE133" author="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="287 - 299" refId="ref182426" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1985 b) The immature stages of some Australian Alluaudomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 24, 287 - 299. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1985. tb 00245. x" type="journal article" year="1985">Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); this is certainly the case for the three species described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD17304FFBA9190B486EE133" author="Debenham" box="[1105,1310,798,823]" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="128 - 174" refId="ref180417" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1971) Australasian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Part XV: The genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer in Australia and New Guinea. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 96, 128 - 174." type="journal article" year="1971">Debenham (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and which were reexamined here.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD17304CFF3F19734D85E1E9" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD17304CFF3F19734D85E1E9" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2011]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1436,151,1005]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFF3F19734F74E17B" bold="true" box="[199,516,870,895]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFDEF19734FAAE17B" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1971" box="[535,730,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFDEF19734FAAE17B" box="[535,730,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. appendiculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD17304FFC2319734930E17B" box="[987,1088,870,895]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Hornsby,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFB3E197248E8E17B" box="[1222,1432,870,895]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFF6F199F4C71E1A7" box="[151,257,906,931]" name="Australia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFEF5199F4C0AE1A7" box="[269,378,906,931]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1956-10-09">9-X-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFC65199F4952E1A7" box="[925,1058,906,931]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1969-11-18">18-XI-1969</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 2 pupal exuviae, Nattai River, Mittagong,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFE9519BA4F4FE1C3" box="[365,575,942,967]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFDB619BB4FC8E1C3" box="[590,696,942,967]" name="Australia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFD3F19BB4E32E1C3" box="[711,834,942,967]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1968-10-25">25-X-1968</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFC4D19BB4961E1C3" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[949,1041,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFC4D19BB4961E1C3" box="[949,1041,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. bella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD17304FFB1619BB4830E1C3" box="[1262,1344,942,967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
|
||||
NW of Enderby,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFEFB19C74CB8E1EF" box="[259,456,978,1003]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFE2D19C74F5CE1EF" box="[469,556,978,1003]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFDCF19C74FCCE1EF" box="[567,700,978,1003]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1990-06-27">27-VI-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD17304FFC1319C74943E1EF" box="[1003,1075,978,1003]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||||
E of Anola,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFB3F19C74845E1EF" box="[1223,1333,978,1003]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFAB919C748E8E1EF" box="[1345,1432,978,1003]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFF6F19E34C6BE60B" box="[151,283,1014,1039]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1990-06-16">16-VI-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Charleston Provincial Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFBAA19E349DAE60B" box="[1106,1194,1014,1039]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFB4419E34863E60B" box="[1212,1299,1014,1039]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFADC19E348ECE60B" box="[1316,1436,1014,1039]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1986-05-18">18-V-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Algonquin Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFD6E1E0F4F9EE637" box="[662,750,1050,1075]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFD061E0F4E25E637" box="[766,853,1050,1075]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFC9D1E0F4EABE637" box="[869,987,1050,1075]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1960-06-07">7-VI-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 6 pupal exuviae, Bat Lake, Algonquin Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFE9A1E2B4CCAE653" box="[354,442,1086,1111]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFE331E2B4F52E653" box="[459,546,1086,1111]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFDCA1E2B4FD8E653" box="[562,680,1086,1111]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1960-06-07">7-VI-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Notre Dame de Laus, Lac Serpent,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFF6F1E774D9FE67F" box="[151,239,1122,1147]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFF071E774C26E67F" box="[255,342,1122,1147]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFE9F1E774C9BE67F" box="[359,491,1122,1147]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1967-06-22">22-VI-1967</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFBCB1E7749CFE67F" box="[1075,1215,1122,1147]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1967-07-11">11-VII-1967</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Rescue Center, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFC751E934E8DE69B" box="[909,1021,1158,1183]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFBF01E934933E69B" box="[1032,1091,1158,1183]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFBB61E9349A0E69B" box="[1102,1232,1158,1183]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1976-04-19">19-IV-1976</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFE141EBF4F27E6C7" box="[492,599,1194,1219]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1958-05-08">8-V-1958</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFB721EBF487EE6C7" box="[1162,1294,1194,1219]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1976-06-28">28-VI-1976</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFDDD1EDB4FEDE6E3" box="[549,669,1230,1255]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1976-05-17">17-V-1976</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 3 pupal exuviae, Lake Jimmy, Tahawus,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFB251EDA4823E6E3" box="[1245,1363,1230,1255]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFAA51EDB48E8E6E3" box="[1373,1432,1230,1255]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFF6F1EE74C6BE70F" box="[151,283,1266,1291]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1959-06-24">24-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Hamilton-Essex, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFC481EE64959E70F" box="[944,1065,1266,1291]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFBCF1EE74902E70F" box="[1079,1138,1266,1291]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFB791EE7487FE70F" box="[1153,1295,1266,1291]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1959-07-23">23-VII-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Huntington Swamp, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFD4A1F024E5AE72B" box="[690,810,1302,1327]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFCCE1F034E01E72B" box="[822,881,1302,1327]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFC861F034976E72B" box="[894,1030,1302,1327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1959-08-04">4-VIII-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Salmon River, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFE181F2E4F28E757" box="[480,600,1338,1363]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFD9D1F2F4FD0E757" box="[613,672,1338,1363]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFD551F2F4E41E757" box="[685,817,1338,1363]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1959-06-23">23-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFA9F1F2E4DA1E773" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFF241F4B4C67E773" box="[220,279,1374,1399]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFEDA1F4B4CEAE773" box="[290,410,1374,1399]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Upper Pansapoulas Pond, Montgomery County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFB0C1F4B4822E773" box="[1268,1362,1374,1399]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFAA51F4B48E8E773" box="[1373,1432,1374,1399]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFF6F1F974C7DE79F" box="[151,269,1410,1435]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1976-09-03">3-IX-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 2 pupal exuviae, Upper Pandapas Pond, Montgomery County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFBA41F9749CAE79F" box="[1116,1210,1410,1435]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFB311F974874E79F" box="[1225,1284,1410,1435]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFAEB1F9748ECE79F" box="[1299,1436,1410,1435]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1976-08-02">2-VIII-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFF0F1FB24C03E7BB" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1971" box="[247,371,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFF0F1FB24C03E7BB" box="[247,371,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. bicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Manton River,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFD141FB34ECDE7BB" box="[748,957,1446,1471]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFC301FB34941E7BB" box="[968,1073,1446,1471]" name="Australia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFBC51FB349C4E7BB" box="[1085,1204,1446,1471]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1958-06-06">6-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFAD81FB248E4E7BB" authorityName="Spinelli" authorityYear="1988" box="[1312,1428,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biestroi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFAD81FB248E4E7BB" box="[1312,1428,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. biestroi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD17304FFE831FDF4C90E7E7" box="[379,480,1482,1507]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFE0C1FDF4F37E7E7" box="[500,583,1482,1507]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Artigas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
A “Lenguazo” y Ruta 3,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFC921FDE4EBDE7E7" box="[874,973,1483,1507]" name="Uruguay" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFC211FDF493FE7E7" box="[985,1103,1482,1507]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1984-11-08">8-XI-1984</date>
|
||||
(MLPA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFB3C1FDE4848E7E7" authorityName="Meillon" authorityYear="1942" box="[1220,1336,1482,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFB3C1FDE4848E7E7" box="[1220,1336,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. claudia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD17304FFED81FFB4CF2E403" box="[288,386,1518,1543]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
) Salisbury,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFDF21FFB4F92E403" box="[522,738,1518,1543]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Southern Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFD171FFB4EF4E403" box="[751,900,1518,1543]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFC681FFB497AE403" box="[912,1034,1518,1543]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1949-02-24">24-II-1949</date>
|
||||
(SAIM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFB821FFA4847E403" authorityName="Spinelli & Wirth" authorityYear="1984" box="[1146,1335,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distispinulosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFB821FFA4847E403" box="[1146,1335,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. distispinulosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Bulo Bulo,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFE721C074F6FE42F" box="[394,543,1554,1579]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFDD61C074FF3E42F" box="[558,643,1554,1579]" name="Bolivia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFD6B1C074E73E42F" box="[659,771,1554,1579]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1995-01-12">12-I-1995</date>
|
||||
(MLPA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFC851C064958E42F" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1971" box="[893,1064,1554,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragmentum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFC851C064958E42F" box="[893,1064,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. fragmentum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD17304FFAD31C0748E0E42F" box="[1323,1424,1554,1579]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Manton River,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFEB51C234F53E44B" box="[333,547,1590,1615]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFDCD1C234FEEE44B" box="[565,670,1590,1615]" name="Australia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFD481C234E56E44B" box="[688,806,1590,1615]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1958-06-06">6-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD17304FFB611C23498EE44B" box="[1177,1278,1590,1615]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFF041C4F4C02E477" box="[252,370,1626,1651]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1958-06-01">1-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFE111C4E4F0BE477" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[489,635,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFE111C4E4F0BE477" box="[489,635,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. latipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Hornsby,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFC371C4E49D5E477" box="[975,1189,1626,1651]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFB4D1C4F486FE477" box="[1205,1311,1626,1651]" name="Australia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFAD71C4F48EDE477" box="[1327,1437,1626,1651]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1956-10-09">9-X-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Nattai River, Mittagong,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFD001C6A4EBEE493" box="[760,974,1662,1687]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFC251C6B4936E493" box="[989,1094,1662,1687]" name="Australia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFBAF1C6B49BDE493" box="[1111,1229,1662,1687]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1964-11-04">4-XI-1964</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFE1C1CB74F18E4BF" box="[484,616,1698,1723]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1968-11-15">15-XI-1968</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFD2D1CB64ED0E4BE" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1957" box="[725,928,1699,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megaparamera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFD2D1CB64ED0E4BE" box="[725,928,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. megaparamera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFA9F1CB64DA1E4DB" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFF251CD34C68E4DB" box="[221,280,1734,1759]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFEDD1CD34CD9E4DB" box="[293,425,1734,1759]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1959-06-29">29-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Salmon River, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFB6A1CD2487AE4DB" box="[1170,1290,1734,1759]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFAEE1CD34821E4DB" box="[1302,1361,1734,1759]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFAA61CD34DBFE507" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1959-06-08">8-VI- 1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Hamilton-Essex, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFC8A1CFE4E9DE507" box="[882,1005,1770,1795]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFC051CFF4948E507" box="[1021,1080,1770,1795]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFBB11CFF49CFE507" box="[1097,1215,1770,1795]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1959-06-01">1-VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 8-VI-? (NYSM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFD5D1D1A4E45E523" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[677,821,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFD5D1D1A4E45E523" box="[677,821,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Empangeni, Zululand,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFAFD1D1B48E8E523" box="[1285,1432,1806,1831]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFF6F1D274C54E54F" box="[151,292,1842,1867]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1938-07-16">16-VII-1938</date>
|
||||
(SAIM); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD17304FFDAD1D274FEEE54F" box="[597,670,1842,1867]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mi" value="15.0">15 mi.</quantity>
|
||||
SE of Potgietersrus, Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFBF11D2749ECE54F" box="[1033,1180,1842,1867]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFB501D27487AE54F" box="[1192,1290,1842,1867]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1974-01-03">3-I-1974</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD17304FFA7C1D264C74E56B" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="needhami">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD17304FFA7C1D264C74E56B" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. needhami</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Salmon Arm,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFD971D434E42E56B" box="[623,818,1878,1903]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFCC61D434EE5E56B" box="[830,917,1878,1903]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFC581D43495CE56B" box="[928,1068,1878,1903]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1990-07-11">11-VII-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 3 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD17304FFAAE1D4348ECE56B" box="[1366,1436,1878,1903]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||||
N of Nakusp,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFEC11D6F4C8FE597" box="[313,511,1914,1939]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFDF51D6F4F14E597" box="[525,612,1914,1939]" name="Canada" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFD891D6F4F80E597" box="[625,752,1914,1939]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1990-07-05">5-VII-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFE8C1D8B4C94E5B3" box="[372,484,1950,1975]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFE001D8B4F43E5B3" box="[504,563,1950,1975]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD17304FFDB01D8B4FA1E5B3" box="[584,721,1950,1975]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1979-08-01">1-VIII-1979</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Upper Pandapas Pond, W.A., Montgomery County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD17304FFE6C1DD74C82E5DF" box="[404,498,1986,2011]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD17304FFDF81DD74F48E5DF" box="[512,568,1986,2011]" name="United States of America" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD17304FFC951DD74EC7E5DF" box="[877,951,1986,2011]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7358848" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mi" value="1.7">1.7 mi</quantity>
|
||||
E of Lunter’s gate, Rt. 785, Montgomery County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFF0F1A824C25E2B4" box="[247,341,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFE9A1A824CEDE2B4" box="[354,413,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFE511A824F5AE2B4" box="[425,554,151,176]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1976-04-22">22-IV-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, no locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFC181A824915E2B4" box="[992,1125,151,176]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1953-06-10">10-VI-1953</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, no locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFEE41AA94CE4E2D1" box="[284,404,188,213]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1957-02-20">20-II-1957</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFDF71AA94FECE2D1" box="[527,668,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="needhami">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFDF71AA94FECE2D1" box="[527,668,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. needhami</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFD3B1AA94EFDE2D0" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1957" box="[707,909,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megaparamera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFD3B1AA94EFDE2D0" box="[707,909,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. megaparamera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Montvale Wayside, Bedford County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFF011ACA4C27E2FC" box="[249,343,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFE9E1ACA4CD1E2FC" box="[358,417,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFE491ACA4F45E2FC" box="[433,565,223,248]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1977-06-16">16-VI-1977</date>
|
||||
(VPIC)); 1 pupal exuviae, Beaver Lake Reservoir, Pocahontas State Park, Chesterfield County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFE701B114C96E319" box="[392,486,260,285]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFE0B1B114F5EE319" box="[499,558,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFDC21B114FCBE319" box="[570,699,260,285]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1977-04-30">30-IV-1977</date>
|
||||
(VPIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFCDE1B114EC8E318" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[806,952,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraspina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFCDE1B114EC8E318" box="[806,952,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. paraspina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Lakeland Pond, College Park, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFE0E1B324F16E344" box="[502,614,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFD8A1B324FDDE344" box="[626,685,295,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFD411B324E42E344" box="[697,818,295,320]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1975-05-26">26-V-1975</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFAA41B324DBFE361" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1975-05-26">26-V- 1975</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 5 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFCE41B594EE4E361" box="[796,916,332,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1975-05-30">30-V-1975</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFDE31B7A4F09E38C" box="[539,633,367,392]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFD7F1B7A4FCFE38C" box="[647,703,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(VPIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFCD41B654EFFE38C" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[812,911,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFCD41B654EFFE38C" box="[812,911,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. parva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFA9F1B654DA1E3A9" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFF251B814C68E3A9" box="[221,280,404,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFEDD1B814CD9E3A9" box="[293,425,404,429]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1958-06-30">30-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Salmon River, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFB681B814878E3A9" box="[1168,1288,404,429]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFAEC1B81483FE3A9" box="[1300,1359,404,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFAA41B814DBFE3D4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1959-05-14">14-V- 1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFCEA1BAD4EFCE3D4" box="[786,908,439,464]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFC621BA24EA5E3D4" box="[922,981,439,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFC1C1BA2492CE3D4" box="[996,1116,439,464]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 7 pupal exuviae, Alexandria,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFEDB1BC94CF1E3F1" box="[291,385,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFE761BC94CB9E3F1" box="[398,457,476,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFE2F1BC94F3DE3F1" box="[471,589,476,501]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1951-06-06">6-VI-1951</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFD311BC94EE7E3F1" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[713,919,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadripunctata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFD311BC94EE7E3F1" box="[713,919,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. quadripunctata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Tobolki lake, Alol’,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFAAF1BC94D8EE01C" country="Russia" name="Pskov" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pskov Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFEF51BEA4C2AE01C" box="[269,346,511,536]" name="Russia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFE921BEA4C9EE01C" box="[362,494,511,536]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1969-06-30">30-VI-1969</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFDB518154FA3E01C" authorityName="Spinelli" authorityYear="1983" box="[589,723,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schnacki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFDB518154FA3E01C" box="[589,723,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. schnacki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD14304CFC2F1BEA494CE01C" box="[983,1084,511,536]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Los Talas (Berisso),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFAB018154DA7E039" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFF1918314C23E039" box="[225,339,548,573]" name="Argentina" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFEA618314C92E039" box="[350,482,548,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1979-11-29">29-XI-1979</date>
|
||||
(MLPA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFDAC18314F90E039" authorityName="Tokunaga" authorityYear="1963" box="[596,736,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFDAC18314F90E039" box="[596,736,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. splendida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Ussuri Nature Reserve, Primorskii Territory,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFF6F18524D94E064" box="[151,228,583,608]" name="Russia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFF0818524C04E064" box="[240,372,583,608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1973-06-12">12-VI-1973</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD14304CFE33185D4F25E05B" authorityName="Glick & Mullen" authorityYear="1982" box="[459,597,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFE33185D4F25E05B" box="[459,597,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. variegata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Muson, Leon County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFB471852498AE064" box="[1215,1274,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFAFD185248EBE064" box="[1285,1435,583,608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1987-08-22">22-VIII-1987</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD14304CFF6718794D98E081" box="[159,232,620,645]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">JHEC</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD14304CFF0718794C60E087" box="[255,272,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, Bolean Lake,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD14304CFD3218794E78E081" box="[714,776,620,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE of Falkland,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFC25187949D6E081" box="[989,1190,620,645]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFB4E1879487DE081" box="[1206,1293,620,645]" name="Canada" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFAE5187948ECE081" box="[1309,1436,620,645]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2009-07-01">1-VII-2009</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD14304CFE46189A4F75E0AC" box="[446,517,655,680]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||||
N of Nakusp,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFD54189A4E01E0AC" box="[684,881,655,680]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFC85189A4EA4E0AC" box="[893,980,655,680]" name="Canada" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFC18189A492FE0AC" box="[992,1119,655,680]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1990-07-05">5-VII-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD14304CFA76189A4DCBE0C9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Cottonwood Lake, Nelson,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFDC318A14E72E0C9" box="[571,770,692,717]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFCE818A14E17E0C9" box="[784,871,692,717]" name="Canada" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFC8D18A14E84E0C9" box="[885,1012,692,717]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2008-07-06">6-VII-2008</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Meachum Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFF2618CD4C24E0F4" box="[222,340,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFE9818C24CEBE0F4" box="[352,411,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFE5F18C24F5AE0F4" box="[423,554,727,752]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1986-06-21">21-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Ackerman Swamp, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFB4418CD4842E0F4" box="[1212,1330,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFAC618C24809E0F4" box="[1342,1401,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFA7D18CD4D8FE111" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1958-07-07">7- VII-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFBE818E94939E117" box="[1040,1097,764,787]" name="Laos" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFBAD18E949BEE111" box="[1109,1230,764,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1967-02-19">19-II-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFE14190A4F1BE13C" box="[492,619,799,824]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1967-12-02">2-XII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFB62190A4863E13C" box="[1178,1299,799,824]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1967-02-22">22-II-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Houay La stream, 20 kilometers NE of Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFB2B1951487CE15F" box="[1235,1292,836,859]" name="Laos" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFAE0195148ECE159" box="[1304,1436,836,861]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1967-11-25">25-XI-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFC76197D4EB7E17B" box="[910,967,872,895]" name="Laos" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFC2A19724921E184" box="[978,1105,871,896]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1967-12-09">9-XII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFEA719994CB1E1A1" box="[351,449,908,933]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1968-01-07">7-I-1968</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Nam Houng River, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFF6F19A54DA0E1C3" box="[151,208,944,967]" name="Laos" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD14304CFF2419BA4C1AE1CC" box="[220,362,943,968]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1967-12-17">17-XII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Gnieraoora Pool, Robe River, Pilbara,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD14304CFBA419A54859E1CC" box="[1116,1321,943,968]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD14304CFACD19BA48ECE1CC" box="[1333,1436,943,968]" name="Australia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
312
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319.xml
Normal file
312
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="1392BA0BF34C42A81FA8A25216F712AA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6F55583C7CFB53FC5F62EC0F12EF6C3B">
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<mods:title id="EAE3F765AC7F4642E7433977560C39A9">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart id="92FC75E0C4ED1F154623FB1BF85F2B1F">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E5CCC157B4B62FB2710A8ABE17BF75A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="4C9B256C5229E84498A2F8DA870D778D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="756FE87BFCC84E3B1A8FB65D42919833">
|
||||
<mods:date id="E27603330A476403658A583A76E046C8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0588C66E85BDB32AC6727AA6E6E49058" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="03625760C9DD6B63E2028B634EB89F2B">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:number id="35B808A587E1EC494591A4CE4AA9AAED">3879</mods:number>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589809" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" blockId="54.[426,1161,1519,1579]" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" ID-CoL="9G2F7" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" bold="true" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD6F1FFA4E4AE40D" bold="true" box="[663,826,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Brachypogon</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FE521C0749F9E42F" box="[426,1161,1554,1579]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FE521C0749F9E42F" blockId="54.[426,1161,1519,1579]" box="[426,1161,1554,1579]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FE4B1C074F55E42F" box="[435,549,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FDC81C074F11E42F" box="[560,609,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">15C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD951C074FD0E42F" box="[621,672,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">19K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD531C074FAEE42F" box="[683,734,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">24D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD111C074E6CE42F" box="[745,796,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">29O</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FCDF1C074E20E42F" box="[807,848,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">32I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FCA31C074EFCE42F" box="[859,908,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">35C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FC6F1C074EB9E42F" box="[919,969,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">43R</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FC2C1C074977E42F" box="[980,1031,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">48D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FBEA1C074934E42F" box="[1042,1092,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">58B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FBB71C0749F0E42F" box="[1103,1152,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">73K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF6F1C4F4842E4BF" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF6F1C4F4842E4BF" blockId="54.[151,1437,1626,2009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF6F1C4F4C44E477" bold="true" box="[151,308,1626,1651]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FE251C4F4FECE477" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[477,668,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with setae D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, and D-5-T tightly appressed and on a single, short tubercle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FE441C6B4F5BE493" box="[444,555,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 29O</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Also only pupa with prothoracic extension abutting the antenna but not extending to the palpus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FE531CB74F61E4BF" box="[427,529,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and halter extending only to the anterior margin of tergite 2 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FB301CB74855E4BF" box="[1224,1317,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 32I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183041FF3F1CD04F39E69D" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183041FF3F1CD04F39E69D" blockId="54.[151,1437,1626,2009]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F1CD04CFAE4DA" bold="true" box="[199,394,1733,1758]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD183040FDBD1CD04F9DE4D9" box="[581,749,1733,1758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5799999999999998" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.5799999999999998" valueMax="2.03" valueMin="1.13">1.13–2.03 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD241CFC4E33E506" box="[732,835,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear medial to base of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FADE1CFC48E8E506" box="[1318,1432,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FF6F1D184DBBE522" box="[151,203,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">79D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FDD41D184F1CE522" bold="true" box="[556,620,1805,1830]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FCBA1D184EDCE522" box="[834,940,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 19K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FC0E1D24492EE54E" box="[1014,1118,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FEDE1D6D4CFEE595" box="[294,398,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FB511D894861E5B1" box="[1193,1297,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183041FA961DD54DB8E2B4" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 19K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta present or absent, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, no campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FDA71AAE4FB5E2D0" box="[607,709,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—0–1 seta or 1 seta and 1 small pit; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FB381AAE4854E2D0" box="[1216,1316,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FE421ACA4F63E2FC" bold="true" box="[442,531,223,248]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FCCC1ACA4ED0E2FC" box="[820,928,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) short, present only dorsolaterally abutting antenna, not extending to palpus; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FE6B1B334C8FE33B" box="[403,511,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 48D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FD121B334E22E33B" box="[746,850,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 43R</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.37–4.77, moderately elongate to elongate, with blunt apex, area with single subbasal spiracle slightly expanded, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with one additional subbasal pore, outer surface with annulations, without other surface modifications, with or without short, wide pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with weak spirals restricted to base; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC8F1BCC4EADE3F6" box="[887,989,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with apical tubercle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC261BE8494AE012" box="[990,1082,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 32I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) just separate to just touching; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC2918344947E03E" box="[977,1079,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FBB8185149EFE059" box="[1088,1183,580,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 32I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg well anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly dorsal to, partially abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 seta; anterolaterals—2 setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC3C1899495FE0A1" box="[964,1071,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 29O</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, all on one tubercle, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FD7818C64F96E0E8" box="[640,742,723,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 48D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FEB118E24CCDE114" bold="true" box="[329,445,759,784]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FD45192B4E5CE153" box="[701,812,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 73K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally to nearly laterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FEF719934C0CE19B" box="[271,380,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 48D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC9619BF4EA1E1C7" box="[878,977,938,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 58B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV peg-like or slender seta, D-3- IV moderately elongate seta on separate tubercles; D-5-IV short seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV moderately elongate setae; on short, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4- IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2- IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short to moderately elongate setae on rounded tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FB271E494833E671" box="[1247,1347,1116,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 73K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD193041FF3F1EB14F80E748" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1EB14F80E748" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF3F1EB14F2EE6B9" bold="true" box="[199,606,1188,1213]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FD141EB14EF3E6B9" box="[748,899,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FD141EB14EF3E6B9" box="[748,899,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 200 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FED81ED24CB4E6E4" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[288,452,1223,1248]" genus="Borkent" pageId="55" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FED81ED24CB4E6E4" author="Borkent" box="[288,452,1223,1248]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures are generally in such small to moderately sized lentic habitats as pools, marshes, bogs and fens as well as the mud, sand or detritus at the margins of streams and creeks. At least within the Nearctic, species are diverse and often common in bogs and fens. At least two species were common as adults in the intertidial zone in western
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FE131F264F15E748" box="[491,613,1331,1356]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(pers. obs.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD193041FF3F1F434FF5E519" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1F4348FEE76B" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" box="[199,1422,1366,1391]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF3F1F434F5BE76B" bold="true" box="[199,555,1366,1391]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are only seven species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FC591F434948E76B" box="[929,1080,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FC591F434948E76B" box="[929,1080,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD193041FAFA1F4348F1E76B" box="[1282,1409,1366,1391]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1F6F4E25E426" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
Some previous descriptions have included illustrations of the respiratory organ with pores only at the apex (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF661F8B4C5CE7B3" author="Mayer" box="[158,300,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="162 - 165" refId="ref190523" refString="Mayer, K. (1940) Zwei neue Arten der Gattung Helea (Dipt. Ceratopogonidae) aus Lappland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 129 (5 / 6), 162 - 165." type="journal article" year="1940">Mayer 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FEC01F8B4F4EE7B3" author="Kettle & Lawson" box="[312,574,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Kettle" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="421 - 467" refId="ref187577" refString="Kettle, D. S. & Lawson, J. W. H. (1952) The early stages of British biting midges Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and allied genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 421 - 467, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1952">Kettle & Lawson 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FDB31F8B4E7AE7B3" author="Glukhova" box="[587,778,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Glukhova" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref183704" refString="Glukhova, V. M. (1979 b) Descriptions of new species of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Entomologischeskoe Obozrenie, 58, 161 - 171 [in Russian, English summary, English translation in Entomological Review, 58 (1), 93 - 99]" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">
|
||||
Glukhova 1979
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FD031F8B4E7AE7B3" author="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W." box="[763,778,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="b" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Harris 1981,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FC531F8B490DE7B3" author="Elson-Harris" box="[939,1149,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FB721F8B48E8E7B3" author="Szadziewski" box="[1162,1432,1438,1463]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Szadziewski" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref197336" refString="Szadziewski, R., Kaczorowska, E. & Krzywinski, J. (1994) The predaceous midges of the subgenus Isohelea of Brachypogon in Poland (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 37, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1994">Szadziewski et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF6F1FD74DA3E7DF" author="Szadziewski" box="[151,211,1474,1499]" firstAuthor="Szadziewski" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref197380" refString="Szadziewski, R., Krzywinski, J. & Gilka, W. (1997) Diptera Ceratopogonidae, Biting Midges. In: Nilsson, A. N. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of North Europe - A taxonomic handbook. Vol. 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 243 - 263." type="book chapter" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). All specimens examined here had an additional pore near the base and in some instances this was difficult to see. If present in all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FE8E1FF04F7DE7FA" box="[374,525,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FE8E1FF04F7DE7FA" box="[374,525,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the arrangement of pores and the squat, rectangular to somewhat funnel-shape of the respiratory organ would be unique in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FD761C1C4E21E426" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[654,849,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1C384E70E488" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF3F1C384CE4E442" author="Debenham" box="[199,404,1581,1606]" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="765 - 806" refId="ref180548" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1991) Australian and New Guinea species of the biting midge genus Brachypogon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Invertebrate Taxon o my, 5, 765 - 806. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9910765" type="journal article" year="1991">Debenham (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrates three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FD2B1C384E1AE442" box="[723,874,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FD2B1C384E1AE442" box="[723,874,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FC4C1C38496AE442" box="[948,1050,1581,1606]" name="Australia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FBAF1C3B4984E442" author="Mayer" box="[1111,1268,1581,1606]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="162 - 165" refId="ref190523" refString="Mayer, K. (1940) Zwei neue Arten der Gattung Helea (Dipt. Ceratopogonidae) aus Lappland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 129 (5 / 6), 162 - 165." type="journal article" year="1940">Mayer (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described one species from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FED41C444CF4E46E" box="[300,388,1617,1642]" name="Sweden" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||||
with only two posterior lateral sensilla on segment 4 (likely L-3-IV, L-4-IV) but these should be reexamined for the smaller L-2-IV possibly present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1C8D4FF5E519" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF3F1C8D4C90E4B5" author="Thienemann" box="[199,480,1688,1713]" firstAuthor="Thienemann" page="176" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="167 - 262" refId="ref197550" refString="Thienemann, A. (1936) Alpine Chironomiden. (Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen in der Gegend von Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Oberbayern). Archiv fu r Hydrobiologie, 30, 167 - 262." type="journal article" year="1936">Thienemann (1936:176)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a pupa as "genus incertum" that is almost certainly a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FF6F1CA94C5EE4D1" box="[151,302,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF6F1CA94C5EE4D1" box="[151,302,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It has the characteristic respiratory organ shape and arrangement of pores (one basal) and the distribution of abdominal sensilla matches fairly well (there is an extra anterior lateral sensillum that would be unique to the genus but was likely an error).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD19304EFF3F1D3D4912E319" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD19304EFF3F1D3D4912E319" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" lastBlockId="56.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF3F1D3D4F72E545" bold="true" box="[199,514,1832,1857]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FDEA1D3C4FE4E545" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[530,660,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FDEA1D3C4FE4E545" box="[530,660,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B. nitidulus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Zaklin'e,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD193041FC281D3D49C2E545" box="[976,1202,1832,1857]" country="Russia" name="Leningrad" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Leningrad Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FB461D3D487BE545" box="[1214,1291,1832,1857]" name="Russia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FAE01D3D48ECE545" box="[1304,1436,1832,1857]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1972-06-24">24-VI-1972</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FF1F1D584C37E560" box="[231,327,1869,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taivoi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF1F1D584C37E560" box="[231,327,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B. taivoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Chu river, Kochkorka, Issyk-Kul Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FBFE1D5849FAE561" box="[1030,1162,1869,1893]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FB6D1D59485CE561" box="[1173,1324,1868,1893]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1971-08-30">30-VIII-1971</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FA7C1D584C63E58C" authorityName="Glukhova" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FA7C1D584C63E58C" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B. ussuriensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Ussuri Nature Reserve, Primorskii Territory,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FC2F1D654955E58D" box="[983,1061,1904,1929]" name="Russia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FBC81D6549D6E58D" box="[1072,1190,1904,1929]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1973-06-06">6-VI-1973</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FB041D64487DE58C" box="[1276,1293,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin),
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD193041FE761D814CB7E5A9" box="[398,455,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
E Salmon Arm, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FD4E1D814E7DE5A9" box="[694,781,1940,1965]" name="Canada" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FCE01D814EFEE5A9" box="[792,910,1940,1965]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1990-06-06">6-VI-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD193041FC011D814937E5A8" box="[1017,1095,1940,1965]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 3 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Spanish Lake,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD193041FEB91DAD4C0CE5D5" box="[321,380,1976,2001]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
E. Falkland,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE85018BD193041FDE11DAD4FE4E5D5" box="[537,660,1976,2001]" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="29.12" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="9" value="50.485332">50°29.12N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE85018BD193041FD651DAD4E5BE5D5" box="[669,811,1976,2001]" degrees="119" direction="west" minutes="28.07" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="9" value="-119.467834">119°28.07W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FC961DAD4EB5E5D5" box="[878,965,1976,2001]" name="Canada" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FC2A1DAD4900E5D5" box="[978,1136,1976,2001]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2008-05-27" valueMax="2008-05-28" valueMin="2008-05-27">27-28-V-2008</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD193041FE621DC84F64E5F1" box="[410,532,2012,2037]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FDDB1DC94F2EE5F1" box="[547,606,2012,2037]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FD961DC94FA8E5F1" box="[622,728,2012,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1960-05-03">3-V-1960</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 2 pupal exuviae, Flag Glade, Pocahontas County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD16304EFF6F1A824D85E2B4" box="[151,245,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFEFE1A824C31E2B4" box="[262,321,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFEAA1A824CA5E2B4" box="[338,469,151,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1976-06-24">24-VI-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC); 5 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD16304EFCE21A824E29E2B4" box="[794,857,151,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||||
downstream lower Cascade Falls, Giles County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD16304EFF6F1AA94D85E2D1" box="[151,245,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFEF91AA94C4CE2D1" box="[257,316,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFEB01AA94CB8E2D1" box="[328,456,188,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1977-07-03">3-VII-1977</date>
|
||||
(5 VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFB251AA94866E2D7" box="[1245,1302,188,211]" name="Laos" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFADB1AA948ECE2D1" box="[1315,1436,188,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1967-02-19">19-II-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Houay La stream, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFB9C1AF549EDE2F3" box="[1124,1181,224,247]" name="Laos" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFB501ACA485CE2FC" box="[1192,1324,223,248]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1967-11-25">25-XI-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Muong,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFCE81B114E39E31F" box="[784,841,260,283]" name="Laos" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFCAC1B114E82E319" box="[852,1010,260,285]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1967-02-19" valueMax="1967-02-23" valueMin="1967-02-19">19-23-II-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
391
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4.xml
Normal file
391
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="509D2987B67624EDCC860D2908820C0E">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1B3043FD61187C4EEAE087" ID-CoL="3KVH" ID-ENA="209707" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[665,922,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FD61187C4E45E087" bold="true" box="[665,821,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
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Meigen
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1B3043FE89189949B2E0A1" box="[369,1218,652,677]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1B3043FE89189949B2E0A1" blockId="53.[369,1218,617,677]" box="[369,1218,652,677]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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(
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE8118994C99E0A1" box="[377,489,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 13C</figureCitation>
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,
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||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE0D18994F56E0A1" box="[501,550,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">15B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDCA18994F0DE0A1" box="[562,637,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">19H–J</figureCitation>
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,
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||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD7118994FCAE0A1" box="[649,698,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">24C</figureCitation>
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||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD3E18994F89E0A1" box="[710,761,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">29N</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCFC18994E47E0A1" box="[772,823,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">32H</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCBA18994E03E0A1" box="[834,883,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">35B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FC8718994EBFE0A1" box="[895,975,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">43P–Q</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FC221899497BE0A1" box="[986,1035,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">48C</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBEF18994939E0A1" box="[1047,1097,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">57C</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBAC189949F7E0A1" box="[1108,1159,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">58A</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB6A189949CAE0A1" box="[1170,1210,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">73J</figureCitation>
|
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)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1B3043FF6F18C14E95E131" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1B3043FF6F18C14E95E131" blockId="53.[151,1437,724,2009]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FF6F18C14C44E0E9" bold="true" box="[151,308,724,749]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1B3043FE1718C14FDEE0E9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[495,686,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the dorsal apotome with a pronounced central dome from which both dorsal apotome setae arise (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDB718E24FACE114" box="[591,732,759,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 19H–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique in having an inner tracheal tube of the respiratory organ strongly hooked apically, appearing as an inverted "J" (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCBF19094EA9E131" box="[839,985,796,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 43P–Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1B3040FF3F192A4CFFE361" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1B3040FF3F192A4CFFE361" blockId="53.[151,1437,724,2009]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FF3F192A4CFAE15C" bold="true" box="[199,394,831,856]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD1B3043FDBD192A4F9DE153" box="[581,749,831,856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="1.88" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.63" valueMax="3.38" valueMin="1.88">1.88–3.38 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD1119714E22E179" box="[745,850,868,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear medial or posteromedial to base of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF0619924C1FE1A4" box="[254,367,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE8319924CC0E1A4" box="[379,432,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">79D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FCF419924E3BE1A4" bold="true" box="[780,843,903,928]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBE6199249DBE1A4" box="[1054,1195,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 19H–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, with central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB4419B94851E1C1" box="[1212,1313,940,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDCF19E14FEBE609" box="[567,667,1012,1037]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with only mandible or mandible ventral to lacinia; palpus extending equal to or just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE971E294CAAE651" box="[367,474,1084,1109]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD851E4A4E79E67C" box="[637,777,1119,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 19H–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBE91E914908E699" box="[1041,1144,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 short, slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF041EB24C13E6C4" box="[252,355,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FCDD1EB24E0EE6C4" bold="true" box="[805,894,1191,1216]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB651EB24876E6C4" box="[1181,1286,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, welldeveloped, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially or with slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCAA1EFA4ECDE70C" box="[850,957,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB521EFA484CE70C" box="[1194,1340,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 43P–Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/ width = 2.74–3.68, moderately elongate, apical half somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single straight or curve row, outer surface smooth or with some wrinkles, with or without short, wide pedicel, base with slender, strung out posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube apically J-shaped, surface smooth or distally with plates; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF181FB14C37E7B9" box="[224,327,1444,1469]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF671FD24C77E7E4" box="[159,263,1479,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 32H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) just separate; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB0A1FD24829E7E4" box="[1266,1369,1479,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FA971FF94DBBE42C" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 32H</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg ventral to or moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly dorsal to, partially abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 seta; anterolaterals—2 setae; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF671C424C76E474" box="[159,262,1623,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 29N</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T posterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD781C694F95E491" box="[640,741,1660,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FEBA1C8A4CC6E4BC" bold="true" box="[322,438,1695,1720]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern or pigmentation patterns only evident in alcohol/ glycerin material, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–8 with 3 medial spots, anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial spot, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with bilobed, short and triangular to elongate and slender tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDAD1D3A4FC3E54C" box="[597,691,1839,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 73J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally to nearly laterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FA961D414DB7E594" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 6 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD661D894E63E5B1" box="[670,787,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 57C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCDD1D894E25E5B1" box="[805,853,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">58A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV setae on either short tubercle, bilobed or bifid elongate tubercles; D-5-IV present or absent, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to elongate setae; each at base of short bilobed or elongate bifid, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV or D-5-IV absent and D-7-IV anterior to D-9-IV; L-1-IV short seta at base of short bilobed or elongate bifid tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4- IV short setae at base of bilobed elongate bifid tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV on bilobed or at base of bifid, elongate tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FBDF1B3249F4E344" box="[1063,1156,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 73J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF3F1B7A4FC5E3F1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F1B7A4FC5E3F1" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F1B7A4F17E38C" bold="true" box="[199,615,367,392]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCF91B654EE5E383" box="[769,917,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCF91B654EE5E383" box="[769,917,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 43 species in the Holarctic Region with adults emerging in cold environments (Arctic, mountainous, or in early spring) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FB3C1B814DA3E3D4" author="Borkent & Grogan" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. & Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FB3C1B814850E3A9" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1220,1312,404,429]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Grogan 1995
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Immatures have been found in moss in cold forest pools, at the margins of shallow water bodies, bogs, fens, in moist soil, on flood plains and on lake shores.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF3F1BEA49F6E17B" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F1BEA486DE038" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F1BEA4F5EE01C" bold="true" box="[199,558,511,536]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Six species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FD1318154E0FE013" box="[747,895,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD1318154E0FE013" box="[747,895,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD183040FB791BEA498FE01C" box="[1153,1279,511,536]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
) and the five Nearctic ones are keyed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FE3518314F81E039" author="Borkent & Grogan" box="[461,753,548,573]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. & Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FE3518314F57E039" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[461,551,548,573]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Grogan (1995)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as part of a comprehensive revision of the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F185D4940E13C" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FF3F185D4C89E064" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[199,505,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boomerangus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F185D4C89E064" box="[199,505,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon boomerangus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only member of the genus missing the full complement of abdominal sensilla present in most
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FEB718794F7EE081" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[335,526,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(and all other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FD4218794E3EE087" box="[698,846,620,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD4218794E3EE087" box="[698,846,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), with fourth abdominal segment sensillum D-5-IV absent. The figure of the fourth abdominal segment of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCDC18854E91E0AC" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[804,993,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boomerangus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCDC18854E91E0AC" box="[804,993,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. boomerangus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shown in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FB9B189A49BAE0AC" box="[1123,1226,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 57C</figureCitation>
|
||||
(from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FAD8189A4C5DE0C9" author="Borkent & Grogan" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. & Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FAD8189A480AE0AC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1312,1402,655,680]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Grogan 1995
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) is distorted by compression and the distribution of the sensilla are broader than is natural (i.e. the dorsal and ventral sensilla are actually more lateral, L-1-IV, L-2-IV and L-3-IV are shown as ventral). This is true for all the species illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FDD518E94EEEE111" author="Borkent & Grogan" box="[557,926,764,789]" firstAuthor="Borkent" page="183" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. & Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FDD518E94FF7E111" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[557,647,764,789]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Grogan (1995:183)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The fourth abdominal segment of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FAAE18E94800E117" box="[1366,1392,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FF6F190A4C5BE13C" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,299,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inverecundus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF6F190A4C5BE13C" box="[151,299,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">inverecundus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FEB7190A4CC3E13C" box="[335,435,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 58A</figureCitation>
|
||||
was drawn from an uncompressed specimen in glycerin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F195149F6E17B" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FF3F19514CD1E159" author="Mayer" box="[199,417,836,861]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="238" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="205 - 288" refId="ref190389" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Mayer (1934a:238)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a pupa referred to as "Genus incertum" from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FBDE195149FEE159" box="[1062,1166,836,861]" name="Germany" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
which was reexamined for this study. It is a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FE0A197D4FF6E17B" box="[498,646,872,895]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FE0A197D4FF6E17B" box="[498,646,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but cannot be identified to species at present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF3F19994E88E7C4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F19994E88E7C4" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F19994F74E1A1" bold="true" box="[199,516,908,933]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FDEE19994FD5E1A1" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[534,677,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abstrusus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FDEE19994FD5E1A1" box="[534,677,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. abstrusus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FC5A19994977E1A1" box="[930,1031,908,933]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Sand Pond Br., Blue Ridge, New York,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FF2319BA4C66E1CC" box="[219,278,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FED919BA4CE8E1CC" box="[289,408,943,968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-26">26-V-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FD1719BA4E24E1CC" box="[751,852,943,968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), The Gulf Brook, Blue Ridge,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FB4A19A54857E1CC" box="[1202,1319,943,968]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FAC919BA481CE1CC" box="[1329,1388,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FA8F19BA4D9AE1E9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-25">25- V-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FDBD19C14FDAE1E9" box="[581,682,980,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FD4519C14E40E1E9" box="[701,816,980,1005]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(?) (NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FB4919C14866E1E9" box="[1201,1302,980,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Hamilton-Essex, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FE8819ED4C9AE614" box="[368,490,1015,1040]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FE0219E24F45E614" box="[506,565,1015,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FDBC19E24FCDE614" box="[580,701,1015,1040]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-28">28-V-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCC519ED4ECCE614" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[829,956,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCC519ED4ECCE614" box="[829,956,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. arcanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FB3919E24841E614" box="[1217,1329,1015,1040]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Fishing Creek, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FE971E094C99E631" box="[367,489,1052,1077]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FE0F1E094F42E631" box="[503,562,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FDB81E094FDAE631" box="[576,682,1052,1077]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-05">5-V-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FBEF1E09490CE631" box="[1047,1148,1052,1077]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Huntington Rd. Marsh, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FEE01E554CFFE65C" box="[280,399,1087,1112]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FE611E2A4CA4E65C" box="[409,468,1087,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FE181E2A4F28E65C" box="[480,600,1087,1112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-14">14-V-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FC4B1E2A4968E65C" box="[947,1048,1087,1112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FADA1E5548E8E65C" box="[1314,1432,1087,1112]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FF6F1E714DA2E679" box="[151,210,1124,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FF251E714C37E679" box="[221,327,1124,1149]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1960-05-03">3-V-1960</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FD591E714E76E679" box="[673,774,1124,1149]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), High Rock Pond outlet, Inlet,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FB931E714991E679" box="[1131,1249,1124,1149]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FB141E714857E679" box="[1260,1319,1124,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FACA1E7148EDE679" box="[1330,1437,1124,1149]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-08">8-V-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM); 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FE0C1E924F14E6A4" box="[500,612,1159,1184]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Hamilton-Essex, Newcomb,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FC391E9D4949E6A4" box="[961,1081,1159,1184]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FBBE1E9249F1E6A4" box="[1094,1153,1159,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FB761E924875E6A4" box="[1166,1285,1159,1184]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-11">11-V-1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FA7A1E9D4C5FE6C1" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boomerangus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FA7A1E9D4C5FE6C1" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. boomerangus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FDD41EB94FFAE6C1" box="[556,650,1196,1221]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), College Park, Prince George County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FBAC1EB949B4E6C1" box="[1108,1220,1196,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FB2A1EB9487DE6C1" box="[1234,1293,1196,1221]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FAE21EB948EDE6C1" box="[1306,1437,1196,1221]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1976-04-14">14-IV-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FEF01EC54CCDE6EC" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[264,445,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inverecundus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FEF01EC54CCDE6EC" box="[264,445,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. inverecundus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FD521EDA4E6AE6EC" box="[682,794,1231,1256]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Edge 6 Mile Creek, Long Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FB6E1EC5487BE6EC" box="[1174,1291,1231,1256]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FAEE1EDA4821E6EC" box="[1302,1361,1231,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FAA41EDA4DBFE709" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-18">18-V- 1959</date>
|
||||
(NYSM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FEB31EE14C9EE708" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="1997" box="[331,494,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naccinervis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FEB31EE14C9EE708" box="[331,494,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. naccinervis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Severskii Donets River, Donetsk Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FB491EE1487EE709" box="[1201,1294,1268,1293]" name="Ukraine" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FAE21EE148ECE709" box="[1306,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1970-04-16">16-IV-1970</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FF1E1F0D4C3AE734" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[230,330,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF1E1F0D4C3AE734" box="[230,330,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. willisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD183040FEA11F024CD5E72B" box="[345,421,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FE4B1F024F69E734" box="[435,537,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), College Park, Prince Georges County, Maryland,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FBAE1F0249A8E734" box="[1110,1240,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1976-03-17">17-III-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD183040FAA91F0248EBE72B" box="[1361,1435,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FF661F294C74E751" box="[158,260,1340,1365]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FDF71F294FE1E751" box="[527,657,1340,1365]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1976-03-26">26-III-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCEA1F294E55E757" box="[786,805,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCA71F294EBAE751" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[863,970,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abstrusus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCA71F294EBAE751" box="[863,970,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">abstrusus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), 2 pupal exuviae, Bolean Lake,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD183040FE5C1F4A4C90E77C" box="[420,480,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE Falkland, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FD3F1F4A4E6DE77C" box="[711,797,1375,1400]" name="Canada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FCD51F4A4EAFE77C" box="[813,991,1375,1400]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1989-07-12" valueMax="1989-07-13" valueMin="1989-07-12">12-13-VII-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FBAA1F754915E773" box="[1106,1125,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FB661F4A4842E77C" authorityName="Borkent & Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[1182,1330,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inverecundus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FB661F4A4842E77C" box="[1182,1330,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">inverecundus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), 1 pupal exuviae, Bolean Lake,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD183040FD171F914E58E799" box="[751,808,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE Falkland, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FBF91F914928E799" box="[1025,1112,1412,1437]" name="Canada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FB9C1F914866E799" box="[1124,1302,1412,1437]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1989-07-12" valueMax="1989-07-13" valueMin="1989-07-12">12-13-VII-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI). C. sp.:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD183040FF3D1FB24C64E7BB" box="[197,276,1447,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, Haspertalsperre Sauerland, Westfalen,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FD291FB24E49E7C4" box="[721,825,1447,1472]" name="Germany" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
1-VI-? (ZSMC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
320
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD1D3043FD6A1D2149A7E3D4.xml
Normal file
320
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD1D3043FD6A1D2149A7E3D4.xml
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<mods:title id="7FC38EC3FE5F1B56C493F82C817F24C4">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD1D3043FD6A1D2149A7E3D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589805" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589805" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD1D3043FD6A1D2149A7E3D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD1D3043FD6A1D2149A7E3D4" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1D3045FD6A1D214ED1E54A" blockId="51.[502,1084,1844,1903]" box="[658,929,1844,1870]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1D3045FD6A1D214ED1E54A" ID-CoL="63KR2" authority="Macfie" authorityName="Macfie" box="[658,929,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paradasyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1D3045FD6A1D214ED1E54A" bold="true" box="[658,929,1844,1870]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1D3045FD6A1D214E33E54A" bold="true" box="[658,835,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paradasyhelea</emphasis>
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Macfie
|
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1D3045FE0E1D43494CE56B" box="[502,1084,1878,1903]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1D3045FE0E1D43494CE56B" blockId="51.[502,1084,1844,1903]" box="[502,1084,1878,1903]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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(
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FE071D434FFCE56B" box="[511,652,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 19E–G</figureCitation>
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||||
,
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||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FD601D434FB9E56B" box="[664,713,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">24B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FD2C1D434E7CE56B" box="[724,780,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">29M</figureCitation>
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||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FCEF1D434E3AE56B" box="[791,842,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">35A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FCAD1D434EF8E56B" box="[853,904,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">43O</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FC6C1D434EB5E56B" box="[916,965,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">48B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FC281D434972E56B" box="[976,1026,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">57B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FBF51D434943E56B" box="[1037,1075,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">73I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1D3042FF6F1D8B4D8FE2D1" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1D3042FF6F1D8B4D8FE2D1" blockId="51.[151,1436,1950,2011]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1D3045FF6F1D8B4C44E5B3" bold="true" box="[151,308,1950,1975]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1D3045FE0A1D8B4FC1E5B3" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[498,689,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a prothoracic extension extending from the palpus to the antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FF051DD74C13E5DF" box="[253,355,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the halter and hind leg are slightly separated or barely touching (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1D3045FB7D1DD7499CE5DF" box="[1157,1260,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 32G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and the dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FEF51A824CD3E2B4" box="[269,419,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs. 19E–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) has a lateral row of stout, pointed spicules and without further stout spicules more medially.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1A3042FF3F1ACA486FE7E1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1A3042FF3F1ACA486FE7E1" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FF3F1ACA4CFAE2FC" bold="true" box="[199,394,223,248]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD1A3042FDBD1ACA4F9DE2F3" box="[581,749,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.795" metricValueMax="2.09" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.795" valueMax="2.09" valueMin="1.5">1.50–2.09 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FCE31B114EF3E319" box="[795,899,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear medial to base of antenna (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FF6F1B324C7DE344" box="[151,269,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FEE61B324C23E344" box="[286,339,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">79D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FD391B324E71E344" bold="true" box="[705,769,295,320]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FC191B324909E344" box="[993,1145,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs. 19E–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FAD41B5948E3E361" box="[1324,1427,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FD721B814F9FE3A9" box="[650,751,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible, lacinia well-developed, overlapping; palpus extending equal to or just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FDF31BC94F06E3F1" box="[523,630,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 35A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FD151BEA4EF0E01C" box="[749,896,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs. 19E–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 moderate to elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FAFE18314818E039" box="[1286,1384,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FE4F18524F6FE064" box="[439,543,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FCE218524E03E064" bold="true" box="[794,883,583,608]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FB6F18524872E064" box="[1175,1282,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, welldeveloped, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, extending posteromedially, completely dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FD74189A4F89E0AC" box="[652,761,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 48B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FC16189A492AE0AC" box="[1006,1114,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 43O</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 6.50–7.06, elongate, slender, circular in cross-section, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with additional, more basal pores, outer surface with annulations, without other surface modifications, with elongate, slender pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, distally smooth or plates; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FE4A19514F6BE159" box="[434,539,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 35A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with apical tubercle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FD7919724F9BE184" box="[641,747,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 32G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) just separate; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FE3419994F41E1A1" box="[460,561,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 35A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FDB219BA4FC2E1CC" box="[586,690,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 32G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly dorsal to, partially abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 seta; anterolaterals—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FC9D19E24EA2E614" box="[869,978,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 29M</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D- 3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T posterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FA971E094DB7E65C" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 48B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FB4F1E2A485BE65C" bold="true" box="[1207,1323,1087,1112]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FF3A1EB94C5AE6C1" box="[194,298,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 73I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FC611EDA4971E6EC" box="[921,1025,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 48B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 1 or 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FEE01F024C0AE734" box="[280,378,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 57B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9- IV short setae, D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on short, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV short seta on short tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae, on short to pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short to moderately elongate setae on rounded tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1A3042FD4D1FD94E7EE7E1" box="[693,782,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 73I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1A3042FF3F1FFA4D9CE49C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1A3042FF3F1FFA4D9CE49C" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FF3F1FFA4F14E40C" bold="true" box="[199,612,1519,1544]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1A3042FD031FFA4ED3E40C" box="[763,931,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paradasyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FD031FFA4ED3E40C" box="[763,931,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Paradasyhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 11 species in the Southern Hemisphere from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FE9C1C014F65E429" box="[356,533,1556,1581]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FDD91C014FFBE429" box="[545,651,1556,1581]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FD6E1C014E40E429" box="[662,816,1556,1581]" name="New Zealand" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FCC41C014E08E429" box="[828,888,1556,1581]" name="Chile" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FC481C01496FE429" box="[944,1055,1556,1581]" name="Argentina" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and (one species) in the Olympic Peninsula of the northwest
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FE241C224F64E454" box="[476,532,1591,1616]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD1A3042FDDF1C224FBCE454" author="Borkent" box="[551,716,1591,1616]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Immatures have been found in the sandy, loamy or muddy margins of creeks or rivers, bogs, or swamps. There is one record from the muddy margin of a lake (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD1A3042FB0B1C494DAFE49C" author="Kettle & Elson" firstAuthor="Kettle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="255 - 261" refId="ref187135" refString="Kettle, D. S. & Elson, M. M. (1975 a) The immature stages of Paradasyhelea minuta Wirth and Lee with a note on adult antennal sensilla and a discussion on the relationships of the genus Paradasyhelea Macfie. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 14, 255 - 261. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1975. tb 02037. x" type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="a">Kettle & Elson 1975a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1A3042FF3F1CB149E2E52C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1A3042FF3F1CB149E2E52C" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FF3F1CB14F41E4B9" bold="true" box="[199,561,1700,1725]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1A3042FCEC1CB14ECCE4B9" box="[788,956,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paradasyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FCEC1CB14ECCE4B9" box="[788,956,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Paradasyhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae, all from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FACD1CB148ECE4B9" box="[1333,1436,1700,1725]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD1A3042FF661CD24C6DE4E4" box="[158,285,1735,1760]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD1A3042FEC91CD24FF5E4E4" author="Elson-Harris & Kettle" box="[305,645,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref182351" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1985 a) A new species of Paradasyhelea Macfie (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with descriptions and keys to the immature stages of Australian Paradasyhelea. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 24, 233 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1985. tb 00235. x" type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="a">Elson-Harris & Kettle (1985a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provide a key to these species (republished by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD1A3042FB6E1CD24D9BE501" author="Elson-Harris & Murray" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="271 - 280" refId="ref182553" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Murray, M. D. (1992) Further descriptions of immatures stages of Australian Culicoidini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a revised key to pupae. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 31, 271 - 280. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1992. tb 00505. x" type="journal article" year="1992">Elson-Harris & Murray (1992))</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and suggested some features which would distinguish
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1A3042FCAB1CF94E8BE501" box="[851,1019,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paradasyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FCAB1CF94E8BE501" box="[851,1019,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Paradasyhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupae from those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1A3042FB111CF94811E501" box="[1257,1377,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FB111CF94811E501" box="[1257,1377,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Culicoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but I could not confirm these differences as being consistently different between the two genera.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1A3043FF3F1D2149A7E3D4" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1A3043FF3F1D2149A7E3D4" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FF3F1D214F76E549" bold="true" box="[199,518,1844,1869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1A3042FDE21D204FB7E549" authorityName="Wirth & Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[538,711,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paradasyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipunctata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1A3042FDE21D204FB7E549" box="[538,711,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">P. albipunctata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 6 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1A3042FC371D21494FE549" box="[975,1087,1844,1869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Kiandra, New South Wales,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FF6F1D424C71E574" box="[151,257,1879,1904]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1A3042FEF41D424CE9E574" box="[268,409,1879,1904]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1956-12-19">19-XII-1956</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1A3042FD0C1D424E29E574" box="[756,857,1879,1904]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Oxford Falls,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1A3042FBF11D4D49A5E574" box="[1033,1237,1879,1904]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FB181D42483AE574" box="[1248,1354,1879,1904]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1A3042FAAD1D424DBFE591" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1956-12-06">6-XII- 1956</date>
|
||||
(USNM), 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1A3042FCDC1D694ED8E591" box="[804,936,1916,1941]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1956-11-10">10-XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1A3042FAD31D6948E0E591" box="[1323,1424,1916,1941]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), McCarr's Creek,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1A3042FEA31DB44F5CE5BD" box="[347,556,1952,1977]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FDC21DB54FD3E5BD" box="[570,675,1952,1977]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1A3042FD491DB54E45E5BD" box="[689,821,1952,1977]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1956-09-20">20-IX-1956</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1A3042FB581DB54875E5BD" box="[1184,1285,1952,1977]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1A3042FF031DD14C0EE5D9" box="[251,382,1988,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1956-11-11">11-XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Colo Vale,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1A3042FCBB1DD14966E5D9" box="[835,1046,1988,2013]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1A3042FBDC1DD149FEE5D9" box="[1060,1166,1988,2013]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1A3042FB651DD1487CE5D9" box="[1181,1292,1988,2013]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1957-01-17">17-I-1957</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1B3043FE9E1A824CBBE2B4" box="[358,459,151,176]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Middle Creek, Narrabeen,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FCE81A8D4EAFE2B4" box="[784,991,151,176]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FC131A824925E2B4" box="[1003,1109,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FB991A8249A8E2B4" box="[1121,1240,151,176]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1956-11-04">4-XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1B3043FEDB1AA94CF8E2D1" box="[291,392,188,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FD751AA94E73E2D1" box="[653,771,188,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1956-09-08">8-IX-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1B3043FC8D1AA84E92E2D0" authorityName="Wirth & Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[885,994,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paradasyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FC8D1AA84E92E2D0" box="[885,994,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1B3043FB181AA94835E2D1" box="[1248,1349,188,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), South Creek, Deewhy,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FEA91AF54F6CE2FC" box="[337,540,223,248]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FDDF1ACA4FE1E2FC" box="[551,657,223,248]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FD631ACA4E50E2FC" box="[667,800,223,248]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1956-09-27">27-IX-1956</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1B3043FB801ACA4998E2FC" box="[1144,1256,223,248]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Middle Creek, Narrabeen,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FEE11B114C94E319" box="[281,484,260,285]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FE161B114F27E319" box="[494,599,260,285]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FD9B1B114F96E319" box="[611,742,260,285]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1956-09-12">12-IX-1956</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD1B3043FBC71B1149D4E319" box="[1087,1188,260,285]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Galston Gorge,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FA9F1B114C56E344" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FECB1B324CECE344" box="[307,412,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FE501B324F6EE344" box="[424,542,295,320]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1956-09-06">6-IX-1956</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Colo Vale,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FC221B3D49D6E344" box="[986,1190,295,320]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FB4A1B32486BE344" box="[1202,1307,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FAD01B3248ECE344" box="[1320,1436,295,320]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1957-03-07">7-III-1957</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FF041B584C7AE360" box="[252,266,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">P</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp: 18 pupal exuviae, S. Manjimup,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FD571B594E0AE361" box="[687,890,332,357]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FC7E1B594E80E361" box="[902,1008,332,357]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FC031B594905E361" box="[1019,1141,332,357]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1985-10-30">30-X-1985</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 3 pupal exuviae, Gap Creek, Mittagong,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FE5D1B654F04E38C" box="[421,628,367,392]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FD781B7A4F99E38C" box="[640,745,367,392]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FD0F1B7A4E00E38C" box="[759,880,367,392]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1966-02-10">10-II-1966</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 2 pupal exuviae, McCarr's Creek,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD1B3043FA9F1B654C57E3A9" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FECA1B814CECE3A9" box="[306,412,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FE5F1B814F62E3A9" box="[423,530,404,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1966-02-08">8-II-1966</date>
|
||||
(ANIC);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD1B3043FD781B814FBCE3AF" box="[640,716,404,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
(in glycerin), Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, St. Arnaud, Nelson Lakes National Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE85018BD1B3043FE711BA24F79E3D4" box="[393,521,439,464]" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-41.814445">41°48'52"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE85018BD1B3043FDE81BA24FD1E3D4" box="[528,673,439,464]" degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="15" seconds="55" value="172.86528">172°51'55"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, South Island,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD1B3043FCBF1BAD4E90E3D4" box="[839,992,439,464]" name="New Zealand" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD1B3043FC131BA24902E3D4" box="[1003,1138,439,464]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2000-02-01" valueMax="2000-02-02" valueMin="2000-02-01">1–2-II-2000</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
1026
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD1E3045FD591EBC49C5E4E4.xml
Normal file
1026
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD1E3045FD591EBC49C5E4E4.xml
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
2217
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD393052FE2F1A8248ECE2F7.xml
Normal file
2217
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD393052FE2F1A8248ECE2F7.xml
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
249
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD413006FD7918E34803E184.xml
Normal file
249
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD413006FD7918E34803E184.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
|
|||
<document id="8D9D8332233D683865310FD87ED6D97D" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD413006FD7918E34803E184" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paryphoconus Enderlein" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="D8082082132FAC05154F5668063AFFB7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="18846B90B7505151C69E6D004F2A477B">
|
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<mods:title id="F6F221B057DEB23CF6D9B99F7B7A4301">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="AB61D2D8CE82413CC521E54CBF9F788B" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="1F65204C715BC1CF27D4BFABC2458D09">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="4E5748E90D486DDAF14F0CF7FBE3DD4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E74CAF3EF84DA88BC8FD689392D821C4">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="02D1C38AC63067D4C16FC88685BE84D3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="35AC024292A4CDBADF4E988FB2F1A873" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="693785CA259B8332B868D5AF71887394">
|
||||
<mods:title id="A91700746FA146324D3C0D46FD31244D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="855CD1FBFD4BC52D629EA52DEBB4100E">
|
||||
<mods:date id="BF5452020A2A5231EC7C5C6E400FAF34">2014</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="B69C5756CCC130498DCB8671746C0DCD" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="733779FC6E753DF3CD2B1CD401627F61">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="38B48C3FE37487AF60C766397E458005" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="45B24D508007DE12DF789AC173790122">3879</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="C2466630B9D8E2D03845A10A5D02FCA8" type="issue">
|
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<mods:number id="E71457E5FD0920AA8CB3B8CC28CE0D94">1</mods:number>
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|
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|
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</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="85A67EE7E060C56545B112919C17E67B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:identifier id="6A7CEDF004AFF4321FFFAB9BE1157BFF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
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|
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<mods:identifier id="717A16A69456226EC0AA27B964D476E2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="AC9A62D1C0F21D033F2C474CAE9235A5" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="07C8B959D4FBAB8C81FA1CA73E28F2CE" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD413006FD7918E34803E184" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD413006FD7918E34803E184" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD413006FD7918E34803E184" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD413019FD7918E34EC2E114" box="[641,946,758,784]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD413019FD7918E34EC2E114" blockId="111.[501,1086,758,818]" box="[641,946,758,784]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD413019FD7918E34EC2E114" ID-CoL="6JDR" ID-ENA="1874499" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[641,946,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FD7918E34EC2E114" bold="true" box="[641,946,758,784]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FD7918E34E5FE114" bold="true" box="[641,815,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Paryphoconus</emphasis>
|
||||
Enderlein
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD413019FE0D190C494EE136" box="[501,1086,793,818]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD413019FE0D190C494EE136" blockId="111.[501,1086,758,818]" box="[501,1086,793,818]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FE05190C4F1FE136" box="[509,623,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs. 12H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FD83190C4FDAE136" box="[635,682,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">22L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FD4E190C4FAEE136" box="[694,734,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">28I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FD11190C4E62E136" box="[745,786,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">31J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FCE6190C4E3AE136" box="[798,842,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">41F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FCAD190C4EF3E136" box="[853,899,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">46T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FC76190C4ECFE136" box="[910,959,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">54C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FC33190C4E8CE136" box="[971,1020,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="316.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,218,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-53@316.[189,1420,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="316" captionText="FIGURE 71. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Palpomyia occidentalis. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949304/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">71C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FBFF190C4946E136" box="[1031,1078,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">78L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD413019FF6F197449F4E19A" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD413019FF6F197449F4E19A" blockId="111.[151,1436,865,2006]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FF6F19744C44E17E" bold="true" box="[151,308,865,890]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD413019FE0819744FDFE17E" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[496,687,865,890]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with abdominal segment 8 with D-3-VIII (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FB4C19744851E17E" box="[1204,1313,865,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 12H</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also, the female is the only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD413019FE9E19904F55E19A" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[358,549,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with wings abutting ventromedially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FC321990494CE19A" box="[970,1084,901,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs. 12H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FBB019904908E19A" box="[1096,1144,901,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">41F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD413006FF3F19BC4CFFE01C" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD413006FF3F19BC4CFFE01C" blockId="111.[151,1436,865,2006]" lastBlockId="112.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FF3F19BC4CFAE1C6" bold="true" box="[199,394,937,962]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus (female) as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FD5619BC4E69E1C6" box="[686,793,937,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 12H</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD413019FC2219BC49F4E1C5" box="[986,1156,937,962]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.33" metricValueMax="6.16" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="5.33" valueMax="6.16" valueMin="4.5">4.50–6.16 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FADE19D848E8E1E2" box="[1318,1432,973,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FF6F19E44DB9E60E" box="[151,201,1009,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FB7519E4498FE60E" box="[1165,1279,1009,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FAF419E44830E60E" box="[1292,1344,1009,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FAAC19E448E4E60E" bold="true" box="[1364,1428,1009,1034]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FE9A1E004CBCE62A" box="[354,460,1045,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 22L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FD731E2C4F84E656" box="[651,756,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FDB31E484FDAE672" box="[587,682,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 28I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FAD71E9448E4E69E" box="[1327,1428,1153,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 41F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), not narrowed sharply posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FDB71EDC4FC3E6E6" box="[591,691,1225,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 22L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FC691EF84E9BE702" box="[913,1003,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 28I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FAF71EF8481BE702" box="[1295,1387,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 28I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum? or possibly merely an indentation?
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FC721F044E93E72E" bold="true" box="[906,995,1297,1322]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FB0C1F04483FE72E" box="[1268,1359,1297,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 28I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum yes tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FCAB1F4C4ECAE776" box="[851,954,1369,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 54C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FB651F4C498FE776" box="[1181,1279,1369,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 46T</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.06–5.06, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, plates to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FB2F1FFC4848E406" box="[1239,1336,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 41F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, with males wings separated medially by fore-, midlegs, female wings abutting medially; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FE0B1C244F3FE44E" box="[499,591,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FF0B1C404C26E46A" box="[243,342,1621,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 41F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FE681C6C4C88E496" box="[400,504,1657,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 33K</figureCitation>
|
||||
); male with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FAD31C6C48FFE496" box="[1323,1423,1657,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 41E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), female with apices of fore-, mid leg not externally visible, dorsal to fused wings; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally (dorsal to wing in female); sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FF4C1CF04C3BE4FA" box="[180,331,1765,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 elongate seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FCA41CF04EC8E4FA" box="[860,952,1765,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 31J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3- T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T separate or on single tubercle, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD413019FD711D384F80E542" box="[649,752,1837,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 54C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FD431D444E5FE56E" bold="true" box="[699,815,1873,1898]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe and 2 anterolateral spots or with bare patches in 3 medial and anterolateral areas, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot; sternite 8 with dark posteromedial apodeme, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD5E3006FAFF1A82481AE2B4" box="[1287,1386,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Fig. 78L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD5E3006FDE51ACA4FF1E2FC" box="[541,641,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Fig. 54C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum, including 3 lateral sensilla, D- 2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I absent; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD5E3006FCC81B114EE3E319" box="[816,915,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="316.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,218,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-53@316.[189,1420,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="316" captionText="FIGURE 71. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Palpomyia occidentalis. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949304/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Fig. 71C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV elongate setae on elongate tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV elongate setae; D-5-IV on single elongate tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated elongate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on elongate tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV elongate setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6- IV, V-7-IV elongate setae, on short or moderately elongate tubercles, V-6-IV, V-7-IV somewhat closely approximated; segment 8 with D-3-VIII, with or without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD5E3006FBDB1BC949F6E3F1" box="[1059,1158,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Fig. 78L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD5E3006FF3F18314F31E087" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD5E3006FF3F18314F31E087" blockId="112.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FF3F18314F2DE039" bold="true" box="[199,605,548,573]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FD1118314EFBE039" box="[745,907,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FD1118314EFBE039" box="[745,907,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Paryphoconus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 41 species in the Nearctic (one species) and Neotropical Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FDE518524FCDE064" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[541,701,583,608]" genus="Borkent" pageId="112" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD5E3006FDE518524FCDE064" author="Borkent" box="[541,701,583,608]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Pupae have been collected among vegetation along creeks or on the sandy bottom of a shallow stream.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD5E3006FF3F189A4D9FE13C" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD5E3006FF3F189A4D9FE13C" blockId="112.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FF3F189A4F41E0AC" bold="true" box="[199,561,655,680]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of four species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FC54189A493EE0AC" box="[940,1102,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FC54189A493EE0AC" box="[940,1102,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Paryphoconus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD5E3006FB12189A481EE0AC" box="[1258,1390,655,680]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). A female pupa of a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FEA718A14F77E0C9" box="[351,519,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FEA718A14F77E0C9" box="[351,519,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the ZSMC was labeled "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FCBB18A14956E0C9" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1959" box="[835,1062,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">Paryphoconus lanei</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" but on a modern label and with recent handwriting. The specimen was among material studied by Mayer but does not correspond to his description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FF4D18E94CC8E111" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[181,440,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FF4D18E94CC8E111" box="[181,440,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Paryphoconus flavidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FE1F18E94F6FE111" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1959" box="[487,543,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FE1F18E94F6FE111" box="[487,543,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">lanei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD5E3006FDCF18E94FA4E111" author="Mayer" box="[567,724,764,789]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="230 - 233" refId="ref190752" refString="Mayer, K. (1959 b) Die Puppen brasilianischer Heleiden (Diptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6, 230 - 233. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19590060122" type="journal article" year="1959" yearSuffix="b">Mayer 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FCE218E94ECCE111" box="[794,956,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FCE218E94ECCE111" box="[794,956,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Paryphoconus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupae studied by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD5E3006FB7218E94843E111" author="Mayer" box="[1162,1331,764,789]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="230 - 233" refId="ref190752" refString="Mayer, K. (1959 b) Die Puppen brasilianischer Heleiden (Diptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6, 230 - 233. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19590060122" type="journal article" year="1959" yearSuffix="b">Mayer (1959b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
were not located.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD5E3006FF3F19514803E184" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD5E3006FF3F19514803E184" blockId="112.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FF3F19514F75E159" bold="true" box="[199,517,836,861]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FDE019504FFCE159" authorityName="Macfie" authorityYear="1939" box="[536,652,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FDE019504FFCE159" box="[536,652,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. grandis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD5E3006FD6719514800E184" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166856" collectingDate="2005-10-14" collectingDateMax="2010-09-18" collectingDateMin="2005-10-14" collectionCode="MLPA, INPA" collectorName="Parque das Garcas" country="Argentina" location="Ruta Nacional" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Corrientes">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD5E3006FC921951497FE159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD413006FD7918E34803E184:8F036004BD5E3006FC921951497FE159" box="[874,1039,836,861]" country="Argentina" name="Ruta Nacional" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" stateProvince="Corrientes">Ruta Nacional</location>
|
||||
12,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD5E3006FBB0195149CFE159" box="[1096,1215,836,861]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD5E3006FB3619514830E159" box="[1230,1344,836,861]" name="Argentina" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD5E3006FAA819514DBFE184" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2010-09-18">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD5E3006FAA819514DBFE184" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2010-09-18">18-IX- 2010</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD5E3006FF2519724C5FE184" box="[221,303,871,896]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">MLPA</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD5E3006FEBA197C4CCCE184" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1956" box="[322,444,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Paryphoconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oliveirai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD5E3006FEBA197C4CCCE184" box="[322,444,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. oliveirai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD5E3006FD72197D4E2BE184" box="[650,859,871,896]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Parque das Garcas</collectorName>
|
||||
, Amazonas Igarape,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD5E3006FBBE197249FDE184" box="[1094,1165,871,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD5E3006FB6119724864E184" box="[1177,1300,871,896]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2005-10-14">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD5E3006FB6119724864E184" box="[1177,1300,871,896]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2005-10-14">14-X-2005</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD5E3006FADA19724818E184" box="[1314,1384,871,896]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
899
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059.xml
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899
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Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,899 @@
|
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<mods:title id="54CD180B1CC1357763D6A2F680F0473E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593077" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593077" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD43301BFD8E19994ECDE1A2" box="[630,957,908,934]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD43301BFD8E19994ECDE1A2" ID-CoL="6MDL" ID-ENA="1874309" authority="Haeselbarth" authorityName="Haeselbarth" box="[630,957,908,934]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFD8E19994E6CE1A2" bold="true" box="[630,796,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Phaenobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
Haeselbarth
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD43301BFE3D19BB491EE1C3" box="[453,1134,942,967]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD43301BFE3D19BB491EE1C3" blockId="109.[453,1134,908,967]" box="[453,1134,942,967]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFE3519BB4F48E1C3" box="[461,568,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Figs. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFDBC19BB4F07E1C3" box="[580,631,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">22K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFD7A19BB4FC5E1C3" box="[642,693,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">28H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFD3819BB4F98E1C3" box="[704,744,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">31I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFD0C19BB4E53E1C3" box="[756,803,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">33L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFCD719BB4E2EE1C3" box="[815,862,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">41E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFC9219BB4EE8E1C3" box="[874,920,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">46S</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFC5C19BB4EA5E1C3" box="[932,981,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">54B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFC1819BB4961E1C3" box="[992,1041,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="316.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,218,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-53@316.[189,1420,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="316" captionText="FIGURE 71. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Palpomyia occidentalis. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949304/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">71B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFBE519BB4916E1C3" box="[1053,1126,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">78I–K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD43301BFF6F19E34F00E757" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD43301BFF6F19E34F00E757" blockId="109.[151,1437,1014,2007]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFF6F19E34C44E60B" bold="true" box="[151,308,1014,1039]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD43301BFE1219E34FD9E60B" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[490,681,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the male with the metathorax with only M-3-T present and situated at least 1/3 length of metathorax and genital lobes very short, extending no more than about 0.8 length of segment 9 (measured medially) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFDE91E2B4FE6E653" box="[529,662,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Figs. 78I–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
); female (without genital lobes) with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFA971E774DB9E69B" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), apex of the halter extending posteriorly to about 1/6 length of tergite 2 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFC041E934911E69B" box="[1020,1121,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 33L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with V-5-IV, V-6-IV and V-7-IV closely approximated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFD281EBF4E47E6C7" box="[720,823,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="316.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,218,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-53@316.[189,1420,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="316" captionText="FIGURE 71. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Palpomyia occidentalis. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949304/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 71B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 8 with V-5-VIII and V-6-VIII on separate tubercles or if on partially to completely fused tubercles, then V-5-VIII well-developed (not minute), without L-1-VIII (not diagnosable as different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD43301BFD1A1EE64E5BE70E" box="[738,811,1267,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFD1A1EE64E5BE70E" box="[738,811,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Bezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD43301BFC9B1EE74EACE70F" box="[867,988,1266,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Palpomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFC9B1EE74EACE70F" box="[867,988,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Palpomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); however, most species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD43301BFAEE1EE6482FE70E" box="[1302,1375,1267,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFAEE1EE6482FE70E" box="[1302,1375,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Bezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have two or more campaniform sensilla on the dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFCE71F034EC3E72B" box="[799,947,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Figs. 22C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), a nearly unique condition found otherwise only in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFF141F2E4C85E756" box="[236,501,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD43301BFF141F2E4C2EE757" box="[236,350,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">P. flavipes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD43301BFE6F1F2E4C85E756" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1975" box="[407,501,1339,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Palpomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonesi">P. jonesi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFDFC1F2F4F14E757" box="[516,612,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 22J</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD433018FF3F1F4B4CBBE1C7" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD433018FF3F1F4B4CBBE1C7" blockId="109.[151,1437,1014,2007]" lastBlockId="110.[151,1440,151,2035]" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFF3F1F4B4CFAE773" bold="true" box="[199,394,1374,1399]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD43301BFDBD1F4B4F9DE772" box="[581,749,1374,1399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.515" metricValueMax="4.78" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="3.515" valueMax="4.78" valueMin="2.25">2.25–4.78 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFCC41F974ED7E79F" box="[828,935,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Figs. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFC4B1F974E95E79F" box="[947,997,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">33L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFDBF1FB34FC2E7BB" box="[583,690,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Figs. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFD461FB34F82E7BB" box="[702,754,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFCFD1FB34E35E7BB" bold="true" box="[773,837,1446,1471]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFBED1FB3490DE7BB" box="[1045,1149,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 22K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFB141FDC4820E7E6" box="[1260,1360,1481,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFB791FF84999E402" box="[1153,1257,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 28H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFD1D1C204E37E44A" box="[741,839,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 41E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFB631C4D4875E475" box="[1179,1285,1624,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 22K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeallabrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFF0B1CB54C2BE4BD" box="[243,347,1696,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 28H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFD661CB54E78E4BD" box="[670,776,1696,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 28H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD43301BFB491CB5487AE4BD" bold="true" box="[1201,1290,1696,1721]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFEE91CD14C06E4D9" box="[273,374,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 28H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFCAC1CF24ECAE504" box="[852,954,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFB661CF2498FE504" box="[1182,1279,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 46S</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.86–4.93, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFACA1D6348E3E58B" box="[1330,1427,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 41E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFB2C1D8F4846E5B7" box="[1236,1334,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 33L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD43301BFC251DAB4930E5D3" box="[989,1088,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 41E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FBC21A8249D0E2B4" box="[1082,1184,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Fig. 33L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FC8D1ACA497BE2FC" box="[885,1035,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FE9B1B164CCCE318" box="[355,444,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Fig. 31I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to D- 4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FCC11B334ED1E33B" box="[825,929,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FC991B5F4EA5E367" bold="true" box="[865,981,330,355]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light to dark brown, with tergites 1–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 spots or 1 with single medial spot and tergites 2–7 with stripe and 2 spots, medial stripe barely discernable in some, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FA9C1BCC4D90E012" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Figs. 78I–K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated to separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; apex of male genital lobe anterior or to level of base of terminal process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FF0218514C0BE059" box="[250,379,580,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Figs. 78I–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
); sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FDA218514FCEE059" box="[602,702,580,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="299.[151,250,1523,1545]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,239,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-41@299.[155,1440,229,1503]" captionTargetPageId="299" captionText="FIGURE 54. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Palpomyia jonesi. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949242/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FB78187D4992E085" box="[1152,1250,616,641]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="316.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,218,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-53@316.[189,1420,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="316" captionText="FIGURE 71. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Palpomyia occidentalis. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949304/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Fig. 71B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3- IV moderately elongate setae on moderately developed tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV short setae, D-9-IV elongate seta, D-7-IV present or absent; D-5-IV on short tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on basally fused, closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9- IV; D-7-IV, if present, near D-3-IV or L-2-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on rounded tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV, L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV elongate setae on pointed tubercles, L-2-IV, L-3-IV on single tubercle, V-5-IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae, V-6-IV elongate seta, on short tubercles, all closely approximated, with tubercles of V-5-IV, V-6-IV fused basally; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; with V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII on single tubercle, V-5-VIII tiny, V-6-VIII elongate. Segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FBC7199349E9E19B" box="[1087,1177,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Figs. 78</figureCitation>
|
||||
I-K)—with D-5-IX, D- 6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD403018FF3F19D84D8EE670" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD403018FF3F19D84D8EE670" blockId="110.[151,1440,151,2035]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FF3F19D84F10E1E2" bold="true" box="[199,608,973,998]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FD0819D84EFCE1E2" box="[752,908,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FD0819D84EFCE1E2" box="[752,908,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Phaenobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 34 species from every Region worldwide other than the Australasian Region (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FD4119E44E2CE60E" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[697,860,1009,1034]" genus="Borkent" pageId="110" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD403018FD4119E44E2CE60E" author="Borkent" box="[697,860,1009,1034]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been collected from stream and river margins, seepage pools, rice fields, back waters of rivers, marshes (usually among vegetation), among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FAA31E034D8FE655" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stratiotes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FAA31E034D8FE655" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Pistia stratiotes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, lake margins and reservoirs.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD403018FDAD1E2C4E21E656" author="Knausenberger" box="[597,849,1081,1106]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provides some further microhabitat information for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FF6F1E484D86E670" box="[151,246,1117,1140]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opaca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FF6F1E484D86E670" box="[151,246,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. opaca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD403018FF3F1E954FA0E76B" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD403018FF3F1E954844E69D" blockId="110.[151,1440,151,2035]" box="[199,1332,1152,1177]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FF3F1E954F5BE69D" bold="true" box="[199,555,1152,1177]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of nine species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FC7A1E95496EE69D" box="[898,1054,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FC7A1E95496EE69D" box="[898,1054,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Phaenobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD403018FB501E954857E69D" box="[1192,1319,1152,1177]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD403018FF3F1EB14FA0E76B" blockId="110.[151,1440,151,2035]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD403018FF3F1EB14CD3E6B9" author="Haeselbarth" box="[199,419,1188,1213]" firstAuthor="Haeselbarth" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="297 - 324" refId="ref185013" refString="Haeselbarth, E. (1965) Phaenobezzia, a new genus of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with a review of the African species. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie, 52, 297 - 324." type="journal article" year="1965">Haeselbarth (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
used the shape of the terminal processes to distinguish the pupae of the four African species he studied and indicated some further character states which may separate some species.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD403018FB191ED248ECE6E4" author="Thomsen" box="[1249,1436,1223,1248]" firstAuthor="Thomsen" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref197679" refString="Thomsen, L. C. (1937) Aquatic Diptera Part V. Ceratopogonidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 210, 57 - 80, pls. 10 - 18." type="journal article" year="1937">Thomsen (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drew the dorsal apotome of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FE1E1EF94F3AE707" box="[486,586,1260,1283]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opaca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FE1E1EF94F3AE707" box="[486,586,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. opaca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with two setae (and no campaniform sensillum); she likely mistook the campaniform sensillum as the broken base of a seta.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD403018FCFD1F1A4968E72C" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[773,1048,1295,1320]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="179 - 192" refId="ref199867" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L. (1982) The predaceous midges of the genus Phaenobezzia in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 10, 179 - 192." type="journal article" year="1982">Wirth & Grogan (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drew abdominal segment 4 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FA7F1F054DABE74F" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opaca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FA7F1F054DABE74F" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. opaca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with V-7-IV situated laterally, close to L-4-IV and this is significantly different than that observed here for this species and all other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FE491F434F3DE76B" box="[433,589,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FE491F434F3DE76B" box="[433,589,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Phaenobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD403018FDA41F434FB3E76B" box="[604,707,1366,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="316.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[199,1410,218,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-53@316.[189,1420,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="316" captionText="FIGURE 71. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Palpomyia occidentalis. B. Phaenobezzia opaca. C. Paryphoconus oliveirai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949304/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Fig. 71B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD403019FF3F1F6F487AE059" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD403019FF3F1F6F487AE059" blockId="110.[151,1440,151,2035]" lastBlockId="111.[151,1436,151,605]" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FF3F1F6F4F71E797" bold="true" box="[199,513,1402,1427]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FDE91F6E4F08E796" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[529,632,1403,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinnae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FDE91F6E4F08E796" box="[529,632,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. cinnae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FD7F1F6F4E35E7B3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166924" collectingDate="1936-09-09" collectionCode="ZSMC" country="South Africa" location="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FCBF1F6F4EA9E797" box="[839,985,1402,1427]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Shaw’s Drift</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FC1D1F6F4931E797" box="[997,1089,1402,1427]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Eshowe</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FBB41F6F49C4E797" box="[1100,1204,1402,1427]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Zululand</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FB471F6F4823E797" box="[1215,1363,1402,1427]" name="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FAA61F6F4DBFE7B3" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1936-09-09">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FAA61F6F4DBFE7B3" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1936-09-09">9-IX- 1936</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(1 USNM, 1 SAIM); 2 pupal exuviae, no data (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FD131F8B4E4EE7B3" box="[747,830,1438,1463]" country="Germany" name="Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">ZSMC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FCA81F8A4FE6E7DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166350" collectingDate="1969-06-09" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Bainville" country="United States of America" county="Roosevelt County" location="Roosevelt County" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FCA81F8A4E97E7B3" box="[848,999,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvithorax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FCA81F8A4E97E7B3" box="[848,999,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. fulvithorax</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FB4F1F8B4850E7B3" box="[1207,1312,1438,1463]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Bainville</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FAD41F8B4D9BE7DF" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Roosevelt County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FF0E1FD74C2CE7DD" box="[246,348,1474,1497]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FE911FD74CD4E7DF" box="[361,420,1474,1499]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FE481FD74F56E7DF" box="[432,550,1474,1499]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1969-06-09">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FE481FD74F56E7DF" box="[432,550,1474,1499]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1969-06-09">9-VI-1969</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FDCE1FD74FFDE7DF" box="[566,653,1474,1499]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FD5A1FD74CA0E7FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167260" collectingDate="1963-06-25" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" county="St. Lawrence County" location="Cranberry Lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New York">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FC9D1FD74969E7DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FC9D1FD74969E7DF" box="[869,1049,1474,1499]" country="United States of America" county="St. Lawrence County" name="Cranberry Lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="New York">Cranberry Lake</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FBDD1FD74865E7DF" box="[1061,1301,1474,1499]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">St. Lawrence County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FAD91FD748E8E7DF" box="[1313,1432,1474,1499]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FF6F1FF04DA2E7FA" box="[151,210,1509,1534]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FF251FF04C11E7FA" box="[221,353,1509,1534]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1963-06-25">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FF251FF04C11E7FA" box="[221,353,1509,1534]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1963-06-25">25-VI-1963</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FE881FF04CB7E7FA" box="[368,455,1509,1534]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FE231FF04D8EE426" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166772" collectingDate="1972-05-23" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" county="Real County" location="Rio Frio" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FD631FF04F8DE7FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FD631FF04F8DE7FA" box="[667,765,1509,1534]" country="United States of America" county="Real County" name="Rio Frio" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Texas">Rio Frio</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="9BD12FFDBD403018FCF01FF04E99E7FA" box="[776,1001,1509,1534]" location="Leakey" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD403018FCF01FF04E4AE7FA" box="[776,826,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
|
||||
NW of Leakey
|
||||
</locationDeviation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FC0D1FF049F4E7FA" box="[1013,1156,1509,1534]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Real County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FB771FF349A3E7F9" box="[1167,1235,1510,1533]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FB261FF04869E7FA" box="[1246,1305,1509,1534]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FADC1FF048ECE7FA" box="[1316,1436,1509,1534]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1972-05-23">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FADC1FF048ECE7FA" box="[1316,1436,1509,1534]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1972-05-23">23-V-1972</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FF671C1C4D86E426" box="[159,246,1545,1570]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FEF11C1C4990E426" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167405" box="[265,1248,1545,1570]" collectingDate="1972-03-19" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" county="Gillespie County" location="Pedernales River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FE3F1C1C4FF7E426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FE3F1C1C4FF7E426" box="[455,647,1545,1570]" country="United States of America" county="Gillespie County" name="Pedernales River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Texas">Pedernales River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FD6A1C1C4E21E426" box="[658,849,1545,1570]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Gillespie County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FCA41C1F4ED0E425" box="[860,928,1546,1569]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FC521C1C4E95E426" box="[938,997,1545,1570]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FC081C1C4902E426" box="[1008,1138,1545,1570]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1972-03-19">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FC081C1C4902E426" box="[1008,1138,1545,1570]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1972-03-19">19-III-1972</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FB791C1C49A8E426" box="[1153,1240,1545,1570]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FB121C1F4944E442" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166787" collectingDate="1935-09-06" collectionCode="USNM" country="South Africa" location="Tugela River" municipality="Middledrift" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FB121C1F48E4E426" baseAuthorityName="Ingram & Macfie" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1258,1428,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mashonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FB121C1F48E4E426" box="[1258,1428,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. mashonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FE9E1C384C8EE442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FE9E1C384C8EE442" box="[358,510,1581,1606]" country="South Africa" municipality="Middledrift" name="Tugela River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Tugela River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD403018FDF71C384FE3E442" box="[527,659,1581,1606]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Middledrift</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FD5B1C384E4AE442" box="[675,826,1581,1606]" name="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FCB31C384EB1E442" box="[843,961,1581,1606]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1935-09-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FCB31C384EB1E442" box="[843,961,1581,1606]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1935-09-06">6-IX-1935</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FC2D1C38495CE442" box="[981,1068,1581,1606]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FBBC1C384E28E46E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167236" collectingDate="1973-12-03" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Burgershall & Hazyview" country="South Africa" location="East Transvaal" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FAEB1C3848E8E442" box="[1299,1432,1581,1606]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Burgershall</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FF6F1C444C7AE46E" box="[151,266,1617,1642]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hazyview</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FEEE1C474CCDE46E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FEEE1C474CCDE46E" box="[278,445,1617,1642]" country="South Africa" name="East Transvaal" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">East Transvaal</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FE321C444F2DE46E" box="[458,605,1617,1642]" name="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FD921C444F99E46E" box="[618,745,1617,1642]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1973-12-03">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FD921C444F99E46E" box="[618,745,1617,1642]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1973-12-03">3-XII-1973</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FD011C444E20E46E" box="[761,848,1617,1642]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FC9C1C444EC7E489" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166406" collectingDate="1973-12-02" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" county="East Transvaal" location="Sand River" municipality="Hazyview" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FBDE1C4449D4E46E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FBDE1C4449D4E46E" box="[1062,1188,1617,1642]" country="South Africa" county="East Transvaal" municipality="Hazyview" name="Sand River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Sand River</location>
|
||||
between
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FAE91C4448ECE46E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FAE91C4448ECE46E" box="[1297,1436,1617,1642]" country="South Africa" county="East Transvaal" municipality="Hazyview" name="White River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">White River</location>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD403018FF361C614C31E489" box="[206,321,1652,1677]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hazyview</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FEAB1C604F72E489" box="[339,514,1652,1677]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">East Transvaal</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FDED1C614FDFE489" box="[533,687,1652,1677]" name="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FD3A1C614E31E489" box="[706,833,1652,1677]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1973-12-02">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FD3A1C614E31E489" box="[706,833,1652,1677]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1973-12-02">2-XII-1973</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FCA01C614EDFE489" box="[856,943,1652,1677]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FC311C614E77E4B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166468" collectingDate="1936-02-07" country="South Africa" location="Mseleni River" municipality="North Zululand" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FB671C614838E489" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FB671C614838E489" box="[1183,1352,1652,1677]" country="South Africa" municipality="North Zululand" name="Mseleni River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Mseleni River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD403018FAA31C614D8FE4B5" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">North Zululand</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FEF41C8D4CD0E4B5" box="[268,416,1688,1713]" name="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FE551C8C4F68E4B5" box="[429,536,1688,1713]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1936-02-07">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FE551C8C4F68E4B5" box="[429,536,1688,1713]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1936-02-07">7-II-1936</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(1 ZSMC, 1 SAIM)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FCEC1C8D4C2CE4D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167087" collectingDate="1935-09-10" collectionCode="SAIM" collectorName="N'Kwaleni & Zululand" country="South Africa" location="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FC201C8D4923E4B5" box="[984,1107,1688,1713]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">N'Kwaleni</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FB981C8D49B8E4B5" box="[1120,1224,1688,1713]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Zululand</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FB2D1C8D4819E4B5" box="[1237,1385,1688,1713]" name="South Africa" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FA8E1C8D4D85E4D1" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1935-09-10">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FA8E1C8D4D85E4D1" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1935-09-10">10- IX-1935</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FEF01CA94C24E4D1" box="[264,340,1724,1749]" country="South Africa" name="South African Institute for Medical Research" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">SAIM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FE921CA84D9DE4FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166540" collectingDate="1966-06-24" collectionCode="VPIC" country="Canada" county="Carleton County" location="Mississippi River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ontario">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FE921CA84CBCE4D0" box="[362,460,1725,1748]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opaca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FE921CA84CBCE4D0" box="[362,460,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. opaca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FD5F1CA94E01E4D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FD5F1CA94E01E4D1" box="[679,881,1724,1749]" country="Canada" county="Carleton County" name="Mississippi River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Ontario">Mississippi River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FC871CA9494EE4D1" box="[895,1086,1724,1749]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Carleton County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FBB41CA949D4E4D1" box="[1100,1188,1724,1749]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FB4B1CA9487AE4D1" box="[1203,1290,1724,1749]" name="Canada" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FAE01CA948ECE4D1" box="[1304,1436,1724,1749]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1966-06-24">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FAE01CA948ECE4D1" box="[1304,1436,1724,1749]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1966-06-24">24-VI-1966</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FF671CCA4D95E4FC" box="[159,229,1759,1784]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">VPIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FEF81CCA49B0E4FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166973" box="[256,1216,1759,1784]" collectingDate="1963-06-21" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Turin" country="United States of America" county="Lewis County" location="Lewis County" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New York">
|
||||
4 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FE201CCA4F68E4FC" box="[472,536,1759,1784]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Turin</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FDD41CCA4FA2E4FC" box="[556,722,1759,1784]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Lewis County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FD1E1CF54E14E4FC" box="[742,868,1759,1784]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FC8F1CCA4EC2E4FC" box="[887,946,1759,1784]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FC3D1CCA493AE4FC" box="[965,1098,1759,1784]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1963-06-21">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FC3D1CCA493AE4FC" box="[965,1098,1759,1784]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1963-06-21">21-VI-1963</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FB991CCA49C8E4FC" box="[1121,1208,1759,1784]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FB2B1CCA4911E518" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167221" collectingDate="1963-06-22" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Glenfield" country="United States of America" county="Lewis County" location="Independence River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New York">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FF6F1D164C09E518" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FF6F1D164C09E518" box="[151,377,1795,1820]" country="United States of America" county="Lewis County" name="Independence River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="New York">Independence River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FE7D1D164C82E518" box="[389,498,1795,1820]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Glenfield</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FE051D164FECE518" box="[509,668,1795,1820]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Lewis County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FD5F1D114E6DE518" box="[679,797,1795,1820]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FCD01D164E13E518" box="[808,867,1795,1820]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FC961D164E83E518" box="[878,1011,1795,1820]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1963-06-22">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FC961D164E83E518" box="[878,1011,1795,1820]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1963-06-22">22-VI-1963</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FBFA1D164929E518" box="[1026,1113,1795,1820]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FB941D164FFAE544" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167330" collectingDate="1986-06-27" collectionCode="CNCI" country="United States of America" location="Meachum Lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New York">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FAD41D164DA2E544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FAD41D164DA2E544" country="United States of America" name="Meachum Lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="New York">Meachum Lake</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FF251D3D4C24E544" box="[221,340,1831,1856]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FEA71D324CEAE544" box="[351,410,1831,1856]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FE5E1D324F5AE544" box="[422,554,1831,1856]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1986-06-27">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FE5E1D324F5AE544" box="[422,554,1831,1856]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1986-06-27">27-VI-1986</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FDC11D324FF2E544" box="[569,642,1831,1856]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FD6E1D324C5EE560" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167228" collectingDate="1986-06-26" collectionCode="CNCI" country="United States of America" location="Pillsburg State Park" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Hampshire">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FCAF1D324948E544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FCAF1D324948E544" box="[855,1080,1831,1856]" country="United States of America" name="Pillsburg State Park" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="New Hampshire">Pillsburg State Park</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FBBC1D3D498EE544" box="[1092,1278,1831,1856]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FAF21D324835E544" box="[1290,1349,1831,1856]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FAA81D324DBFE560" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1986-06-26">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FAA81D324DBFE560" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1986-06-26">26-VI- 1986</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FF251D5E4C56E560" box="[221,294,1867,1892]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FEC11D5E484EE560" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167356" box="[313,1342,1867,1892]" collectingDate="1976-06-24" collectionCode="VPIC" collectorName="Dunmore Springs" country="United States of America" county="Pocahontas County" location="Pocahontas County" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD403018FE0F1D5E4FB0E560" box="[503,704,1867,1892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Dunmore Springs</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FD331D5E4ED5E560" box="[715,933,1867,1892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Pocahontas County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FC571D5E497DE560" box="[943,1037,1867,1892]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FBE01D5E4923E560" box="[1048,1107,1867,1892]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FBA61D5E4991E560" box="[1118,1249,1867,1892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1976-06-24">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FBA61D5E4991E560" box="[1118,1249,1867,1892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1976-06-24">24-VI-1976</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FB091D5E4847E560" box="[1265,1335,1867,1892]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">VPIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FAB11D5E4919E583" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166356" collectingDate="1977-04-30" collectionCode="VPIC" country="United States of America" county="Cumberland County" location="Bear Creek Lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FEF81D7A4CB9E583" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FEF81D7A4CB9E583" box="[256,457,1902,1927]" country="United States of America" county="Cumberland County" name="Bear Creek Lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Virginia">Bear Creek Lake</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FE2F1D7B4FB1E583" box="[471,705,1902,1927]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Cumberland County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FD371D7B4E5DE583" box="[719,813,1902,1927]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FCC51D7B4E08E583" box="[829,888,1902,1927]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FC7F1D7B4978E583" box="[903,1032,1902,1927]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1977-04-30">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FC7F1D7B4978E583" box="[903,1032,1902,1927]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1977-04-30">30-IV-1977</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FBE31D7B4911E583" box="[1051,1121,1902,1927]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">VPIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FB801D7B4E32E5AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166797" collectingDate="1977-06-04" collectionCode="VPIC" country="United States of America" county="Allegheny County" location="Jackson River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FABB1D7B4DA7E5AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FABB1D7B4DA7E5AF" country="United States of America" county="Allegheny County" name="Jackson River" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Virginia">Jackson River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FF1B1D874CC2E5AF" box="[227,434,1938,1963]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Allegheny County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FE461D874F6CE5AF" box="[446,540,1938,1963]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FDDF1D874F12E5AF" box="[551,610,1938,1963]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FD961D874F95E5AF" box="[622,741,1938,1963]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1977-06-04">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FD961D874F95E5AF" box="[622,741,1938,1963]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1977-06-04">4-VI-1977</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FD0C1D874E4AE5AF" box="[756,826,1938,1963]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">VPIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FCB61D874C2CE5CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167443" collectingDate="1993-06-03" collectionCode="JHEC" country="United States of America" county="Hamilton County" location="Florida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD403018FBF61D8749A4E5AF" box="[1038,1236,1938,1963]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hamilton County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FB271D874843E5AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FB271D874843E5AF" box="[1247,1331,1938,1963]" country="United States of America" county="Hamilton County" name="Florida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Florida</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FAC61D874809E5AF" box="[1342,1401,1938,1963]" name="United States of America" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FA7D1D874D85E5CB" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1993-06-03">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FA7D1D874D85E5CB" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1993-06-03">3- VI-1993</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FEF31DA34C24E5CB" box="[267,340,1974,1999]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">JHEC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403018FE941DA249EDE5CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166498" box="[364,1181,1974,1999]" collectingDate="1941-08" collectionCode="SAIM" country="Zimbabwe" location="Chipinga" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FE941DA24CA8E5CA" baseAuthorityName="Ingram & Macfie" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[364,472,1975,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistiae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FE941DA24CA8E5CA" box="[364,472,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. pistiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FD451DA34E56E5CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FD451DA34E56E5CB" box="[701,806,1974,1999]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Chipinga" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Chipinga</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FCC01DA34EC2E5CB" box="[824,946,1974,1999]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FC3B1DA24944E5CB" box="[963,1076,1974,1999]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1941-08">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FC3B1DA24944E5CB" box="[963,1076,1974,1999]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1941-08">VIII-1941</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FBB21DA349E6E5CB" box="[1098,1174,1974,1999]" country="South Africa" name="South African Institute for Medical Research" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">SAIM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; 1 pupal exuviae, no location/date (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD403018FEC41DCF4CF8E5F7" box="[316,392,2010,2035]" country="South Africa" name="South African Institute for Medical Research" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">SAIM</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD403019FE581DCE4DABE2B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167020" collectingDate="1996-07-15" collectionCode="ZIN" country="Russia" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="112" location="Anninskoe lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pskov">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD403018FE581DCE4F4BE5F7" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[416,571,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD403018FE581DCE4F4BE5F7" box="[416,571,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">P. rubiginosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 8 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD403018FCD81DCF4EA8E5F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD403018FCD81DCF4EA8E5F7" box="[800,984,2010,2035]" country="Russia" name="Anninskoe lake" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Pskov">Anninskoe lake</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD403018FC101DCF49D0E5F7" box="[1000,1184,2010,2035]" country="Russia" name="Pskov" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Pskov Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD403018FB481DCF498DE5F7" box="[1200,1277,2010,2035]" name="Russia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD403018FAF71DCF48ECE5F7" box="[1295,1436,2010,2035]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1996-07-15">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD403018FAF71DCF48ECE5F7" box="[1295,1436,2010,2035]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" value="1996-07-15">15-VII-1996</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FF671A824DA3E2B4" box="[159,211,151,176]" country="Russia" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FF131A8C4D83E2D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166984" collectingDate="1935-09-19" collectionCode="SAIM" country="South Africa" county="Zululand" location="Umlalazi River" municipality="Eshowe" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD413019FF131A8C4C19E2B4" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[235,361,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Phaenobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacunae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FF131A8C4C19E2B4" box="[235,361,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">P. vacunae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae, stream nr.
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FD321A824E0DE2B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FD321A824E0DE2B4" box="[714,893,151,176]" country="South Africa" county="Zululand" municipality="Eshowe" name="Umlalazi River" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Umlalazi River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD413019FC751A824E99E2B4" box="[909,1001,151,176]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Eshowe</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD413019FC001A824910E2B4" box="[1016,1120,151,176]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Zululand</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FB881A824878E2B4" box="[1136,1288,151,176]" name="South Africa" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FAE01A8248ECE2B4" box="[1304,1436,151,176]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1935-09-19">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FAE01A8248ECE2B4" box="[1304,1436,151,176]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1935-09-19">19-IX-1935</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FF671AAE4D9BE2D0" box="[159,235,187,212]" country="South Africa" name="South African Institute for Medical Research" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">SAIM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FF061AA9490AE2D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166452" box="[254,1146,187,212]" collectingDate="1990-07-07" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="Canoe" country="Canada" location="British Columbia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="British Columbia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD413019FF061AA94C7CE2D7" box="[254,268,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">P</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FDF61AAE4F28E2D0" box="[526,600,187,212]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Canoe</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FD9C1AAE4E5AE2D0" box="[612,810,187,212]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FCCE1AAE4EFDE2D0" box="[822,909,187,212]" name="Canada" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FC611AAE4969E2D0" box="[921,1049,187,212]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1990-07-07">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FC611AAE4969E2D0" box="[921,1049,187,212]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1990-07-07">7-VII-1990</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FBD11AAE4902E2D0" box="[1065,1138,187,212]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FB7E1AAE4952E2FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166388" collectingDate="1991-04-13" collectionCode="CNCI" country="United States of America" county="Eddy County" location="Dark Canyon Creek" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="New Mexico">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD413019FB7E1AAE49A5E2D7" box="[1158,1237,187,212]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 7 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FF6F1ACA4CF6E2FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FF6F1ACA4CF6E2FC" box="[151,390,223,248]" country="United States of America" county="Eddy County" name="Dark Canyon Creek" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="New Mexico">Dark Canyon Creek</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD413019FE6E1ACA4F42E2FC" box="[406,562,223,248]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Eddy County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FDBB1AF54FADE2FC" box="[579,733,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FD161ACA4E59E2FC" box="[750,809,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FCC21ACA4ECCE2FC" box="[826,956,223,248]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1991-04-13">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FCC21ACA4ECCE2FC" box="[826,956,223,248]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1991-04-13">13-IV-1991</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FC291ACA496AE2FC" box="[977,1050,223,248]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FBCB1ACA4EF8E318" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166762" collectingDate="1986-06-23" collectionCode="CNCI" country="United States of America" location="Lake Dunmore" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vermont">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="9BD12FFDBD413019FAFC1ACA4C6EE318" location="Middleburg" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD413019FAFC1ACA483BE2FC" box="[1284,1355,223,248]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||||
SE of Middleburg
|
||||
</locationDeviation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FED31B164CAAE31E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FED31B164CAAE31E" box="[299,474,259,284]" country="United States of America" name="Lake Dunmore" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Vermont">Lake Dunmore</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FE1F1B164F3AE31E" box="[487,586,259,282]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FDA01B164FE3E318" box="[600,659,259,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FD591B164E55E318" box="[673,805,259,284]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1986-06-23">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FD591B164E55E318" box="[673,805,259,284]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1986-06-23">23-VI-1986</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FCCF1B164EF0E318" box="[823,896,259,284]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FC6E1B164CB6E33B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166339" collectingDate="1986-06-21" collectionCode="CNCI" country="United States of America" location="Meachum Lake" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New York">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FBA61B164862E318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FBA61B164862E318" box="[1118,1298,259,284]" country="United States of America" name="Meachum Lake" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="New York">Meachum Lake</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FAD81B1648E8E318" box="[1312,1432,259,284]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FF6F1B334DA2E33B" box="[151,210,294,319]" name="United States of America" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FF271B334C13E33B" box="[223,355,294,319]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1986-06-21">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FF271B334C13E33B" box="[223,355,294,319]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1986-06-21">21-VI-1986</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FE8C1B334CCDE33B" box="[372,445,294,319]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FE2B1B334C5BE367" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166858" collectingDate="1976-06-24" collectionCode="VPIC" collectorName="Dunmore Springs" country="United States of America" county="Pocahontas County" location="Pocahontas County" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Virginia">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FD611B324E14E33B" box="[665,868,294,319]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Dunmore Springs</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="63024E53BD413019FC8A1B33493FE33B" box="[882,1103,294,319]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Pocahontas County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FBA41B32498AE33B" box="[1116,1274,294,319]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FAF01B334833E33B" box="[1288,1347,294,319]" name="United States of America" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FAA81B334DBFE367" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1976-06-24">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FAA81B334DBFE367" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1976-06-24">24-VI- 1976</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FF261B5F4C54E367" box="[222,292,330,355]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">VPIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FECF1B5F484DE367" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167332" box="[311,1341,330,355]" collectingDate="1994-08-29" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="Rheocrene" country="Brazil" location="Rio Bento Gomes" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FE0F1B5F4F01E367" box="[503,625,330,355]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Rheocrene</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FD851B5F4E39E367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FD851B5F4E39E367" box="[637,841,330,355]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Bento Gomes" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Rio Bento Gomes</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FCAC1B5E4E98E367" box="[852,1000,330,355]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FC0C1B5F494BE367" box="[1012,1083,330,355]" name="Brazil" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FBBE1B5F49ADE367" box="[1094,1245,330,355]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1994-08-29">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FBBE1B5F49ADE367" box="[1094,1245,330,355]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1994-08-29">29-VIII-1994</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FB141B5F4845E367" box="[1260,1333,330,355]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FAB11B5F4EE8E383" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167100" collectingDate="1993-04-11" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="Skulsuza" country="South Africa" location="South Africa" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin),
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FE601B7B4F70E383" box="[408,512,366,391]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Skulsuza</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FDF61B7B4FD4E383" box="[526,676,366,391]" name="South Africa" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FD4A1B7B4E42E383" box="[690,818,366,391]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1993-04-11">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FD4A1B7B4E42E383" box="[690,818,366,391]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1993-04-11">11-IV-1993</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FCBD1B7B4EFFE383" box="[837,911,366,391]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FC5E1B7B4E13E3AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166767" collectingDate="1967-12-17" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Moung Sayaboury" country="Laos" location="Nam Houng river" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sayaboury Province">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FB971B7A484CE383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FB971B7A484CE383" box="[1135,1340,366,391]" country="Laos" name="Nam Houng river" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Sayaboury Province">Nam Houng river</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FAB31B7A4C60E3AF" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Moung Sayaboury</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FED81B874F7BE3AF" box="[288,523,402,427]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Sayaboury Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FDE41B864F25E3AE" box="[540,597,403,426]" name="Laos" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FD9D1B874F83E3AF" box="[613,755,402,427]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1967-12-17">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FD9D1B874F83E3AF" box="[613,755,402,427]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1967-12-17">17-XII-1967</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FCFF1B874E2BE3AF" box="[775,859,402,427]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FC8C1B874D8BE3CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166455" collectingDate="1968-01-06" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Laos" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sayaboury Province">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FAC21B8748EBE3AF" box="[1338,1435,402,427]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1968-01-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FAC21B8748EBE3AF" box="[1338,1435,402,427]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1968-01-06">6-I-1968</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FF671BA04D83E3CA" box="[159,243,437,462]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FEF31BA049BBE3CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167165" box="[267,1227,437,462]" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" location="Bamboo Creek" municipality="Kimberley" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FE2F1BA04FF7E3CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FE2F1BA04FF7E3CA" box="[471,647,437,462]" country="Australia" municipality="Kimberley" name="Bamboo Creek" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Western Australia">Bamboo Creek</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD413019FD6F1BA04E60E3CA" box="[663,784,437,462]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Kimberley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FCE71BA34E9FE3CA" box="[799,1007,437,462]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FC071BA04916E3CA" box="[1023,1126,437,462]" name="Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FB811BA049B3E3CA" box="[1145,1219,437,462]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FB231BA0495DE3F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166454" collectingDate="1995-10-12" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="Kimberley" country="Australia" location="Lenard River" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FF6F1BCC4C5BE3F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FF6F1BCC4C5BE3F6" box="[151,299,473,498]" country="Australia" name="Lenard River" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Western Australia">Lenard River</location>
|
||||
gorge,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FE781BCC4C89E3F6" box="[384,505,473,498]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Kimberley</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FDFC1BCF4FA0E3F6" box="[516,720,473,498]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FD241BCC4E35E3F6" box="[732,837,473,498]" name="Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FCA81BCC4EBBE3F6" box="[848,971,473,498]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1995-10-12">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FCA81BCC4EBBE3F6" box="[848,971,473,498]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1995-10-12">12-X-1995</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FC221BCC4955E3F6" box="[986,1061,473,498]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FBC01BCC4FBAE012" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166428" country="Australia" location="Mitchell Falls" municipality="Kimberley" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FB011BCC48E8E3F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FB011BCC48E8E3F6" box="[1273,1432,473,498]" country="Australia" municipality="Kimberley" name="Mitchell Falls" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Western Australia">Mitchell Falls</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD413019FF6F1BE84C60E012" box="[151,272,509,534]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Kimberley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FED91BEB4C84E012" box="[289,500,509,534]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FDFD1BE84F1CE012" box="[517,620,509,534]" name="Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ANIC
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FD241BE84CA2E03E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166317" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" location="Lower Durack River" municipality="Kimberley" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FC571BEB49D5E012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FC571BEB49D5E012" box="[943,1189,509,534]" country="Australia" municipality="Kimberley" name="Lower Durack River" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Western Australia">Lower Durack River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD413019FB4F1BE84840E012" box="[1207,1328,509,534]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Kimberley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FAB91BEB4C71E03E" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FEF318344C02E03E" box="[267,370,545,570]" name="Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FE7818344CBAE03E" box="[384,458,545,570]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FE2518344D81E059" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167019" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="Crossing Pool" country="Australia" location="Fortescue River" municipality="Pilbara" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FD6318344E4BE03E" box="[667,827,545,570]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Crossing Pool</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FCBE18374E89E03E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FCBE18374E89E03E" box="[838,1017,545,570]" country="Australia" municipality="Pilbara" name="Fortescue River" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Western Australia">Fortescue River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A07ACA5BD413019FBFB18344925E03E" box="[1027,1109,545,570]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Pilbara</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FB981837485AE03E" box="[1120,1322,545,570]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FACD183448ECE03E" box="[1333,1436,545,570]" name="Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FF6718514D9AE059" box="[159,234,580,605]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD413019FF0418514876E059" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167325" box="[252,1286,580,605]" collectingDate="1968-11-15" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="Mittagong" country="Australia" location="Nattai River" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD413019FE4418514F37E059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD433019FD8E1999487AE059:8F036004BD413019FE4418514F37E059" box="[444,583,580,605]" country="Australia" name="Nattai River" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="New South Wales">Nattai River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD413019FDAB18514FBAE059" box="[595,714,580,605]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Mittagong</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD413019FD2D18504ED0E059" box="[725,928,580,605]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD413019FC5318514965E059" box="[939,1045,580,605]" name="Australia" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD413019FBD8185149D4E059" box="[1056,1188,580,605]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1968-11-15">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD413019FBD8185149D4E059" box="[1056,1188,580,605]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1968-11-15">15-XI-1968</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD413019FB4B1851498EE059" box="[1203,1278,580,605]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
238
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD46301FFD521C494ED8E46E.xml
Normal file
238
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD46301FFD521C494ED8E46E.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
|
|||
<document id="16320D4D4996A921D5ACFA65A3D06B93" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD46301FFD521C494ED8E46E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pachyhelea Wirth" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="DB1859DED8CB0284B953DADF14C504D6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="3BDDB9D4A2D0EEAAED7575142C99F4E9">
|
||||
<mods:title id="ABF4965D5C13C1AB235181A66320BC52">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F68173F5D98585311D31F2A72AD4CFAA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AB9BAC8EBA59AF0B05C43C1363B7003F">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FA8204160B769A212238E1DF000B591C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B8AF73A4F61A511335981A94676CB91A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C6BAE8306E114F718DEFE4B5120688FC">
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<mods:date id="452426C23712714731244CC5662EFCE1">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="777F2DE5BFF8FF7808F0E77950D6D0D8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8AA56A345ED2748F40DDE92EBCDA0023">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="86B3448D5C8F38E2BEA44A88EF1233B2">3879</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D8FCDAB53603D8DBB6E8018276709D0E">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="96D0EB7B3867D0C41EEAC2FCCEE5F016">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="1FC98641AFD0CD726B7E9FAD9AABAAB3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BE2A49354BFF639142647BAC22233379" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A8A00DD261D71DDF8D35A623EAD0BB8C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C7AE92C031CE6260327088AF00BB30C3" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD46301FFD521C494ED8E46E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593073" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593073" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD46301FFD521C494ED8E46E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD46301FFD521C494ED8E46E" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFD521C494EF9E472" box="[682,905,1628,1654]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFD521C494EF9E472" blockId="104.[505,1082,1628,1687]" box="[682,905,1628,1654]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFD521C494EF9E472" ID-CoL="6BTV" authority="Wirth" authorityName="Wirth" box="[682,905,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pachyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFD521C494EF9E472" bold="true" box="[682,905,1628,1654]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFD521C494E46E472" bold="true" box="[682,822,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pachyhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFE011C6B494AE493" box="[505,1082,1662,1687]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFE011C6B494AE493" blockId="104.[505,1082,1628,1687]" box="[505,1082,1662,1687]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFDF91C6B4F00E493" box="[513,624,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Figs. 22G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD841C6B4FD7E493" box="[636,679,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">28F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD4B1C6B4F92E493" box="[691,738,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">31G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD161C6B4E6FE493" box="[750,799,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">41C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFCD21C6B4E12E493" box="[810,866,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">46M</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC951C6B4EE9E493" box="[877,921,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">53F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC5D1C6B4EA5E493" box="[933,981,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">70B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC191C6B4943E493" box="[993,1075,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">77K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFF6F1CD34942E56A" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFF6F1CD34942E56A" blockId="104.[151,1437,1734,2009]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF6F1CD34C44E4DB" bold="true" box="[151,308,1734,1759]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFE121CD34FD9E4DB" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[490,681,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with dorsal apotome with only one campaniform sensillum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFA971CD34DBBE507" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 22G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFE4F1D1B4F6BE523" box="[439,539,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 53F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), apex of the halter extending posteriorly to about 1/6 length of tergite 2 (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFF6F1D244D8EE54E" box="[151,254,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 33L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), L-1-IV and L-3-IV short setae on separate tubercles, L-2-IV well separated from L-3-IV, V-7-IV is closer to L-4-IV than to V-5-IV and V-6-IV, which are closely abutting (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC461D404956E56A" box="[958,1062,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 70B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301FFF3F1D6C4EC2E76B" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301FFF3F1D6C4EC2E76B" blockId="104.[151,1437,1734,2009]" lastBlockId="105.[151,1437,151,1642]" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF3F1D6C4CFAE596" bold="true" box="[199,394,1913,1938]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD46301EFDA01D6C4FB6E595" box="[600,710,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.22" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="7.22">7.22 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC751D894E8FE5B1" box="[909,1023,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFBF51D894930E5B1" box="[1037,1088,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD1F1DD54E27E5DD" box="[743,855,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC9A1DD54EE6E5DD" box="[866,918,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFC511DD54E98E5DD" bold="true" box="[937,1000,1984,2009]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFB401DD54851E5DD" box="[1208,1313,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 22G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFF6F1AAE4D8CE2D0" box="[151,252,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFACA1AAE48E5E2D0" box="[1330,1429,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFC561B164963E318" box="[942,1043,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 41C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) barely anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFF671B5F4C61E367" box="[159,273,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 22G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFD921B7B4FBDE383" box="[618,717,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFBEA1B7B4908E383" box="[1042,1144,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFEE11B874C02E3AF" bold="true" box="[281,370,402,427]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFD651B874E78E3AF" box="[669,776,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but very narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFE6F1BCC4F70E3F6" box="[407,512,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 53F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFD091BCC4E11E3F6" box="[753,865,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 46M</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.96–5.00, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFCFF187D4E1AE085" box="[775,874,616,641]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 41C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with short tubercle at apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFCA418994ECDE0A1" box="[860,957,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFD8018BA4FACE0CC" box="[632,732,687,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 41C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFCF118C64E17E0E8" box="[777,871,723,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFE16190E4FF6E130" box="[494,646,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFB0C190E4828E130" box="[1268,1368,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 31G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D- 1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFE4419774F6DE17F" box="[444,541,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 53F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFE3C19934F48E19B" bold="true" box="[452,568,902,927]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot; sternite 8 with dark posteromedial apodeme, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFA9C19E44D98E62A" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Figs. 77K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFDE61E2C4F0FE656" box="[542,639,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 53F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 3 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2- I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFBF21E49491CE671" box="[1034,1132,1116,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 70B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-2-IV on short tubercle, D-5-IV very short seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short setae; D-5-IV without tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on rounded tubercle, near L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-2-IV, L-3-IV on very short tubercles, L-4-IV on pointed, elongate tubercle, V-5-IV, V-7-IV short setae, V-6-IV moderately elongate, on short tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV closely approximated, V-7-IV closer to L-4-IV; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD47301FFEE01F434C03E76B" box="[280,371,1366,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Figs. 77</figureCitation>
|
||||
K-L)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD47301FFF3F1F6F4F17E7DF" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD47301FFF3F1F6F4F17E7DF" blockId="105.[151,1437,151,1642]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFF3F1F6F4F11E797" bold="true" box="[199,609,1402,1427]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD47301FFD0B1F6F4E06E797" box="[755,886,1402,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pachyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFD0B1F6F4E06E797" box="[755,886,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Pachyhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from two species in the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD47301FFE771F8B4F41E7B3" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[399,561,1438,1463]" genus="Borkent" pageId="105" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD47301FFE771F8B4F41E7B3" author="Borkent" box="[399,561,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The pupa of the only known species was collected in shallow water among filamentous algae (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD47301FFE951FD74F26E7DF" box="[365,598,1474,1499]" class="Zygnematophyceae" family="Zygnemataceae" genus="Spirogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="majuscula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFE951FD74F26E7DF" box="[365,598,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Spirogyra majuscula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD47301FFF3F1FF049AFE7FA" box="[199,1247,1509,1534]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD47301FFF3F1FF049AFE7FA" blockId="105.[151,1437,151,1642]" box="[199,1247,1509,1534]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFF3F1FF04F5BE7FA" bold="true" box="[199,555,1509,1534]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: One species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD47301FFD1E1FF04E19E7FA" box="[742,873,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pachyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFD1E1FF04E19E7FA" box="[742,873,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Pachyhelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known as a pupa (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD47301FFBAB1FF049A2E7FA" box="[1107,1234,1509,1534]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD47301FFF3F1C1C4ED8E46E" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD47301FFF3F1C1C4ED8E46E" blockId="105.[151,1437,151,1642]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFF3F1C1C4F71E426" bold="true" box="[199,513,1545,1570]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD47301FFDE91C1F4FD9E426" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[529,681,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pachyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachymera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD47301FFDE91C1F4FD9E426" box="[529,681,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">P. pachymera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD47301FFD401C1C4FA0E442" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166376" collectingDate="1981-11-23" collectionCode="MLPA" collectorName="de Magdalena" country="Argentina" location="Partido de Magdalena" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Buenos Aires">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae, Arroyo Zapata,
|
||||
<location id="8F036004BD47301FFBD41C1C4855E426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD46301FFD521C494ED8E46E:8F036004BD47301FFBD41C1C4855E426" box="[1068,1317,1545,1570]" country="Argentina" name="Partido de Magdalena" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" stateProvince="Buenos Aires">
|
||||
Partido
|
||||
<collectorName id="27295309BD47301FFB7C1C1C4855E426" box="[1156,1317,1545,1570]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">de Magdalena</collectorName>
|
||||
</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD47301FFAC91C1C4C26E442" country="Argentina" name="Buenos Aires" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Provincia de Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD47301FFE9A1C384CA4E442" box="[354,468,1581,1606]" name="Argentina" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD47301FFE191C384F15E442" box="[481,613,1581,1606]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1981-11-23">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD47301FFE191C384F15E442" box="[481,613,1581,1606]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1981-11-23">23-XI-1981</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD47301FFD8D1C384FB7E442" box="[629,711,1581,1606]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MLPA</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD47301FFD241C3848F1E442" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167112" box="[732,1409,1581,1606]" collectingDate="1981-12-24" collectionCode="MLPA" country="Argentina" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Buenos Aires">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD47301FFB721C384867E442" box="[1162,1303,1581,1606]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1981-12-24">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD47301FFB721C384867E442" box="[1162,1303,1581,1606]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1981-12-24">24-XII-1981</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD47301FFADF1C384809E442" box="[1319,1401,1581,1606]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MLPA</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD47301FFA761C384ED5E46E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391167166" collectingDate="1984-11-09" collectionCode="MLPA" country="Argentina" location="Entre Rios" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Entre Rios">
|
||||
1 pupal exuviae, Santa Ana,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD47301FFE3B1C474F4DE46E" box="[451,573,1617,1642]" country="Argentina" name="Entre Rios" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Entre Rios</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD47301FFDB01C444FCAE46E" box="[584,698,1617,1642]" name="Argentina" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD47301FFD3E1C444E4CE46E" box="[710,828,1617,1642]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1984-11-09">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD47301FFD3E1C444E4CE46E" box="[710,828,1617,1642]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" value="1984-11-09">9-XI-1984</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD47301FFCB21C444EECE46E" box="[842,924,1617,1642]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MLPA</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
2469
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD47301BFD5F1CA94C9AE13C.xml
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2469
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201
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201
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Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
|
|||
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD493011FDB21C604E98E48B" ID-CoL="3QJS" authority="Spinelli & Grogan" authorityName="Spinelli & Grogan" box="[586,1000,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clastrieromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FDB21C604E98E48B" bold="true" box="[586,1000,1653,1679]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FDB21C604F8DE48B" bold="true" box="[586,765,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Clastrieromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
Spinelli & Grogan
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD493011FDFC1C82495EE4B4" box="[516,1070,1687,1712]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD493011FDFC1C82495EE4B4" blockId="103.[516,1070,1653,1712]" box="[516,1070,1687,1712]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FDF51C824F08E4B4" box="[525,632,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 22F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD7B1C824FC3E4B4" box="[643,691,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">28E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD461C824F9AE4B4" box="[702,746,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">31F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD0E1C824E56E4B4" box="[758,806,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">41B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FCCA1C824E12E4B4" box="[818,866,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">46L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC961C824EEDE4B4" box="[878,925,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">53E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC511C824EABE4B4" box="[937,987,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">70A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC1F1C824956E4B4" box="[999,1062,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">77I–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD493011FF6F1CCA4903E561" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD493011FF6F1CCA4903E561" blockId="103.[151,1437,1759,2037]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FF6F1CCA4C44E4FC" bold="true" box="[151,308,1759,1784]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD493011FE1A1CCA4FD1E4FC" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[482,673,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with a single campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC271D114935E519" box="[991,1093,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), apex of the halter extending posteriorly to about 1/6 length of tergite 2 (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD401D324E6CE544" box="[696,796,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 33L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), D-7-I near D-3-I (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC021D32492FE544" box="[1018,1119,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with each setae on a rounded tubercle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FDEB1D594F09E561" box="[531,633,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 70A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and abdominal segment 8 without L-1-VIII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD49301EFF3F1D7A4918E751" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD49301EFF3F1D7A4918E751" blockId="103.[151,1437,1759,2037]" lastBlockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FF3F1D7A4CFAE58C" bold="true" box="[199,394,1903,1928]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD493011FDBD1D7A4F9DE583" box="[581,749,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.2">3.20–3.80 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC751D814E8FE5A9" box="[909,1023,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FBF51D814930E5A9" box="[1037,1088,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD121DAD4E2AE5D5" box="[746,858,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC9D1DAD4EE9E5D5" box="[869,921,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FC541DAD4E9CE5D5" bold="true" box="[940,1004,1976,2001]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FB441DAD4850E5D5" box="[1212,1312,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFF6F1A824D8CE2B4" box="[151,252,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFAC91A8248E4E2B4" box="[1329,1428,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD0F1ACA4E2BE2FC" box="[759,859,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFB671B114874E319" box="[1183,1284,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum on very short tubercle; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFE0D1B594F28E361" box="[501,600,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC6B1B594E86E361" box="[915,1014,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF6F1B7A4D80E38C" bold="true" box="[151,240,367,392]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFDF21B7A4F00E38C" box="[522,624,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but very narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFF671BA24C7CE3D4" box="[159,268,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFDFD1BA24F00E3D4" box="[517,624,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 46L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.13–4.08, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD2218524E33E064" box="[730,835,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with short tubercle at apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFCA418794ECDE081" box="[860,957,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD80189A4FADE0AC" box="[632,733,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFCF118A14E17E0C9" box="[777,871,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 long, 1 medium setae, 1 campaniform sensillum; anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFBFA18E94913E111" box="[1026,1123,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 31F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D- 5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T anterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFEBA19514CD5E159" box="[322,421,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFEB519724CB1E184" bold="true" box="[333,449,871,896]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light brown, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2-7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3-7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot (light brown), segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFADD19C14805E1E9" box="[1317,1397,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||||
I-J) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFDFD1E094F18E631" box="[517,616,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFBFB1E2A491AE65C" box="[1027,1130,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 70A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L- 1-IV short seta on rounded tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV moderately elongate seta on rounded tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV short setae, V-7-IV moderately elongate, on moderately elongate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV moderately closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFE1E1F294F28E751" box="[486,600,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 77I–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFF3F1F4A482CE799" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFF3F1F4A482CE799" blockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF3F1F4A4F2CE77C" bold="true" box="[199,604,1375,1400]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFD1F1F4A4EE0E77C" box="[743,912,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clastrieromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFD1F1F4A4EE0E77C" box="[743,912,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Clastrieromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from four species in the Neotropical Region (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFF0E1F914CE6E799" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[246,406,1412,1437]" genus="Borkent" pageId="104" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD46301EFF0E1F914CE6E799" author="Borkent" box="[246,406,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures of the only known species have been collected from a cattle-trodden bog.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFF3F1FB24900E7C4" box="[199,1136,1447,1472]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFF3F1FB24900E7C4" blockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" box="[199,1136,1447,1472]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF3F1FB24F5BE7C4" bold="true" box="[199,555,1447,1472]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only one species is known as a pupa (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD46301EFC1C1FB24913E7C4" box="[996,1123,1447,1472]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFF3F1FD94D8CE40C" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFF3F1FD94D8CE40C" blockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF3F1FD94F76E7E1" bold="true" box="[199,518,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFDE21FD94F0AE7E1" authorityName="Spinelli & Grogan" authorityYear="1986" box="[538,634,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clastrieromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dycei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFDE21FD94F0AE7E1" box="[538,634,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">C. dycei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD46301EFD761FD94D89E40C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166487" collectingDate="1980-09-29" collectionCode="MLPA" country="Uruguay" location="Tacuarembo" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tacuarembo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD46301EFC791FD94E81E7E1" box="[897,1009,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD46301EFBF01FD949E5E7E1" box="[1032,1173,1484,1509]" country="Uruguay" name="Tacuarembo" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tacuarembo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD46301EFB5D1FD94878E7E0" box="[1189,1288,1484,1508]" name="Uruguay" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD46301EFAE01FD948ECE7E1" box="[1304,1436,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="1980-09-29">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD46301EFAE01FD948ECE7E1" box="[1304,1436,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="1980-09-29">29-IX-1980</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD46301EFF661FFA4D80E40C" box="[158,240,1519,1544]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">MLPA</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
221
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD4C3015FD511B5F4C46E039.xml
Normal file
221
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD4C3015FD511B5F4C46E039.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
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<mods:title id="D480DE8CE62829C6F179820DF3F87C42">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="C76F8D2F1A45831B720F5CA085D67852">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD4C3015FD511B5F4C46E039" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593059" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD4C3015FD511B5F4C46E039" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD4C3015FD511B5F4C46E039" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4C3014FD511B5F4EFAE360" box="[681,906,330,356]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4C3014FD511B5F4EFAE360" blockId="98.[551,1035,330,390]" box="[681,906,330,356]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FD511B5F4EFAE360" ID-CoL="88SR" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[681,906,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FD511B5F4EFAE360" bold="true" box="[681,906,330,356]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FD511B5F4E5AE360" bold="true" box="[681,810,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Xenohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4C3014FDDF1B78497BE382" box="[551,1035,365,390]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4C3014FDDF1B78497BE382" blockId="98.[551,1035,330,390]" box="[551,1035,365,390]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FDC81B784FD1E382" box="[560,673,365,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FD541B784FAEE382" box="[684,734,365,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">31D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FD121B784E66E382" box="[746,790,365,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">40F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FCD91B784E3DE382" box="[801,845,365,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">46F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FCA01B784EFAE382" box="[856,906,365,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">53C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FC6D1B784EB7E382" box="[917,967,365,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="314.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-52@314.[176,1407,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 69. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Sphaeromias longipennis. B. Xenohelea galatea. C. Bezzia nobilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949294/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">69B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FC2A1B784974E382" box="[978,1028,365,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">77D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4C3014FF6F1BA04F03E3F6" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4C3014FF6F1BA04F03E3F6" blockId="98.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FF6F1BA04C44E3CA" bold="true" box="[151,308,437,462]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FE261BA04FEDE3CA" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[478,669,437,462]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with abdominal tergite sensilla D-8-IV and D-9-IV on the apex of a single lobed, flattened tubercle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FE071BCC4F16E3F6" box="[511,614,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="314.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-52@314.[176,1407,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 69. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Sphaeromias longipennis. B. Xenohelea galatea. C. Bezzia nobilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949294/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 69B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4C3014FF3F1BE84F3AE522" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4C3014FF3F1BE84F3AE522" blockId="98.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FF3F1BE84CFAE012" bold="true" box="[199,394,509,534]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD4C3014FDA01BE84FB6E011" box="[600,710,509,534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.59" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="5.59">5.59 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FC7518344E8FE03E" box="[909,1023,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FBF518344930E03E" box="[1037,1088,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FD1018504E28E05A" box="[744,856,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FC9B18504EE8E05A" box="[867,920,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FC5318504E9AE05A" bold="true" box="[939,1002,581,606]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome missing; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FE62187C4C8FE086" box="[410,511,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FED718984CEEE0A2" box="[303,414,653,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FB5118A4487FE0CE" box="[1193,1295,689,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 40F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals—uncertain; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeallabrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FF0B19084C27E132" box="[243,343,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FD6019084F8CE132" box="[664,764,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FB491908487AE132" bold="true" box="[1201,1290,797,822]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FEE019544CF3E15E" box="[280,387,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FBA4197049B5E17A" box="[1116,1221,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 53C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FF67199C4C75E1A6" box="[159,261,905,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 46F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 4.83, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FF671E0C4C71E636" box="[159,257,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 40F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (similar to
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FF4B1E284C7EE652" box="[179,270,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/4 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FB571E284860E652" box="[1199,1296,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 40F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FACA1E7448FEE67E" box="[1330,1422,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); female with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FDA41EBC4F85E6C6" box="[604,757,1193,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FA971EBC4DB7E6E2" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 31D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-4-T uncertain, broken along length, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FBAB1EE449B3E70E" box="[1107,1219,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 53C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FB721F00498EE72A" bold="true" box="[1162,1278,1301,1326]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergites 1–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FAFC1F94481AE79E" box="[1284,1386,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 77D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FDD51FDC4FE3E7E6" box="[557,659,1481,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 53C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 3 campaniform sensilla (1 broken seta?), including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FB0E1FF84827E402" box="[1270,1367,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="314.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-52@314.[176,1407,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 69. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Sphaeromias longipennis. B. Xenohelea galatea. C. Bezzia nobilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949294/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 69B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D- 2-IV, D-3-IV moderately elongate setae, D-2-IV on short tubercle; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on single flattened tubercle, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on short tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV, L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on rounded, flattened tubercles, L-2-IV, L-3-IV on single tubercle, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on short tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; with V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII on single tubercle, V-5-VIII tiny, V-6-VIII elongate; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4C3014FCB11CFC4EDDE506" box="[841,941,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 77D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX campaniform sensillum, D- 6-IX possibly absent (not discernable).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4C3014FF3F1D244F4FE596" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4C3014FF3F1D244F4FE596" blockId="98.[151,1437,437,2010]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FF3F1D244F2EE54E" bold="true" box="[199,606,1841,1866]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FD151D244E13E54E" box="[749,867,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FD151D244E13E54E" box="[749,867,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Xenohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 14 species in the Afrotropical and Oriental Regions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4C3014FE9E1D404F77E56A" author="Borkent" box="[358,519,1877,1902]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The only known pupa was collected in mud from "aus einem klaren Gewässer" (a clear body of water) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4C3014FE5C1D6C4F42E596" author="Mayer" box="[420,562,1913,1938]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="30 - 34" refId="ref190614" refString="Mayer, K. (1957) Die Beschreibung der Puppen von Dicrohelea albidorsata de M. und Xenohelea galatea de M. mit einem Uberblick uber das System der Heleinae (Dipt. Heleidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 30 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19570040106" type="journal article" year="1957">Mayer 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4C3015FF3F1D884875E3F1" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4C3015FF3F1D884E89E2FC" blockId="98.[151,1437,437,2010]" lastBlockId="99.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FF3F1D884F5DE5B2" bold="true" box="[199,557,1949,1974]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only one species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FCD41D884ED2E5B2" box="[812,930,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FCD41D884ED2E5B2" box="[812,930,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Xenohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known as a pupa (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD4C3014FB611D88486BE5B2" box="[1177,1307,1949,1974]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Male and female pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FEAC1DD44CA5E5DE" box="[340,469,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FEAC1DD44CA5E5DE" box="[340,469,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Homohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FDF41DD44FEDE5DE" box="[524,669,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FDF41DD44FEDE5DE" box="[524,669,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, two genera closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FC001DD4491EE5DE" box="[1016,1134,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FC001DD4491EE5DE" box="[1016,1134,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Xenohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are sexually dimorphic in the arrangement of their forelegs. In males, the foreleg is relatively short (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FBF91A8249EBE2B4" box="[1025,1179,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs. 40A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) while in females the foreleg overlaps the midleg entirely (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FDCD1AA94FB6E2D1" box="[565,710,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs. 40B, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Only
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD4D3015FCE01AA94EE4E2D1" box="[792,916,188,213]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FC631AA94961E2D1" box="[923,1041,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FC631AA94961E2D1" box="[923,1041,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Xenohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FB751AA9499EE2D1" box="[1165,1262,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 40F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and it is likely that the male, once discovered, will share this dimorphism (see character 44).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1B114F51E3A9" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FF3F1B114C12E319" author="Mayer" box="[199,354,260,285]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="30 - 34" refId="ref190614" refString="Mayer, K. (1957) Die Beschreibung der Puppen von Dicrohelea albidorsata de M. und Xenohelea galatea de M. mit einem Uberblick uber das System der Heleinae (Dipt. Heleidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 30 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19570040106" type="journal article" year="1957">Mayer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the same specimen as I studied here, the only one known for the genus. He shows D- 8-IV and D-9-IV on separate, abutting tubercles but they are clearly located together on a single rounded tubercle. In addition, he showed V-5-IV and V-6-IV on a single tubercle, which was indeed present on one side but slightly separated on the other (that drawn here). The dorsal apotome of the single available specimen was missing and cannot, therefore, be characterized.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1BA24875E3F1" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
The female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD4D3015FEB41BA24CDEE3D4" box="[332,430,439,464]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
was remounted in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4D3015FD7A1BA24FA6E3D4" box="[642,726,439,464]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Balsam from drying and damaged Hoyer's, perhaps accounting for some slight differences between the description here and that by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FC6C1BC9495FE3F1" author="Mayer" box="[916,1071,476,501]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="30 - 34" refId="ref190614" refString="Mayer, K. (1957) Die Beschreibung der Puppen von Dicrohelea albidorsata de M. und Xenohelea galatea de M. mit einem Uberblick uber das System der Heleinae (Dipt. Heleidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 30 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19570040106" type="journal article" year="1957">Mayer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(e.g. body length).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FF3F1BEA4C46E039" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1BEA4C46E039" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FF3F1BEA4F70E01C" bold="true" box="[199,512,511,536]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FDF718144FF2E01C" authorityName="Meillon" authorityYear="1942" box="[527,642,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galatea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FDF718144FF2E01C" box="[527,642,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">X. galatea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD4D3015FC961BEA4EA4E01C" box="[878,980,511,536]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Nametil Quelimane,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4D3015FB291BEA4818E01C" box="[1233,1384,511,536]" name="Mozambique" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4D3015FA8A18154DBFE039" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1940-01-07">7-I- 1940</date>
|
||||
(SAIM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
2937
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:part id="E12133DF3CA05C87D26CE44DBFE0D2EC">
|
||||
<mods:date id="884653C300D85B114A0C22E1EF3BC7B9">2014</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="A9B80BE97F6FF2021F904CB5ADC69E57" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="23156CBCE77801213050CEE9B1C2BFC9">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="A25827DE2F0C8F3D7F8A9A6650E54D2B" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="314D432ABCFBCBA74B2264DA2097ED01">3879</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="92A714F86A6B0F15375649840333D6A2" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="D447E74913F1E46763A201AE7992DB7A">1</mods:number>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<mods:start id="AF0D39F93A12A6302E9953AE7DC692C6">1</mods:start>
|
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<mods:end id="13273AB235ED93A13BACE062D5D24B9B">327</mods:end>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="784FEB54CA3F0EAAE3AA6E9E38364A33">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="E48EB212C5CDCE06492C2CE61A6AC289" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="3B0E93ECEE46856B3A6E40C61DA1029A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B6AA66D00BBF9AD543EFCEBDD19138CD" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C0D5B8A6A31BD41AAC762FA2F0123E2C" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B1A9D16AE56A551C4BC275272353D2EF" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
|
||||
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|
||||
<treatment id="027587C9BD4D3015FD9B18C24FB0E49C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593061" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593061" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD4D3015FD9B18C24FB0E49C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD4D3015FD9B18C24FB0E49C" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FD9B18C24EBFE0F6" box="[611,975,727,754]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FD9B18C24EBFE0F6" blockId="99.[611,975,727,789]" box="[611,975,727,754]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FD9B18C24EBFE0F6" ID-CoL="TR8" authority="Grogan & Wirth" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" box="[611,975,727,754]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Amerohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FD9B18C24EBFE0F6" bold="true" box="[611,975,727,754]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FD9B18C24F86E0F5" bold="true" box="[611,758,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Amerohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Grogan & Wirth
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FD4318E94E09E111" box="[699,889,764,789]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FD4318E94E09E111" blockId="99.[611,975,727,789]" box="[699,889,764,789]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FD3B18E94E44E111" box="[707,820,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs. 22B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FCC718E94E01E111" box="[831,881,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">46G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FF6F1951499EE159" box="[151,1262,836,861]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF6F1951499EE159" blockId="99.[151,1436,836,1688]" box="[151,1262,836,861]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FF6F19514C44E159" bold="true" box="[151,308,836,861]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: known only from one limited description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FCC019514E8FE159" author="Lane" box="[824,1023,836,861]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lane" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref188901" refString="Lane, J., Forattini, O. P. & Rabello, E. X. (1955) Biologia e especies novas de Palpomyia e Stilobezzia (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Dusenia, 6, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="1955">Lane et al. (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and not diagnosable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FF3F19724EC5E637" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F19724EC5E637" blockId="99.[151,1436,836,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FF3F19724CFAE184" bold="true" box="[199,394,871,896]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Known only from one limited description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FC77197D4926E184" author="Lane" box="[911,1110,871,896]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lane" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref188901" refString="Lane, J., Forattini, O. P. & Rabello, E. X. (1955) Biologia e especies novas de Palpomyia e Stilobezzia (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Dusenia, 6, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="1955">Lane et al. (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, with the following character states discernable:
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FE8A19994CC2E1A1" bold="true" box="[370,434,908,933]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FD7619994F89E1A1" box="[654,761,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 22B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FDFA19BA4F2BE1CC" bold="true" box="[514,603,943,968]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FCBF19BA4EDFE1CC" box="[839,943,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 46G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 4.00, elongate, moderately slender, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FB5A19C14866E1E9" bold="true" box="[1186,1302,980,1005]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FF3F1E2A4F6BE6A4" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1E2A4F6BE6A4" blockId="99.[151,1436,836,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FF3F1E2A4F14E65C" bold="true" box="[199,612,1087,1112]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FD031E2A4EF1E65C" box="[763,897,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Amerohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FD031E2A4EF1E65C" box="[763,897,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Amerohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 13 species in the New World (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FF661E714C32E679" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[158,322,1124,1149]" genus="Borkent" pageId="99" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FF661E714C32E679" author="Borkent" box="[158,322,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The only specimen known was collected from a reservoir with abundant vegetation and open, sunny exposure (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FEAC1E924F7FE6A4" author="Lane" box="[340,527,1159,1184]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lane" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref188901" refString="Lane, J., Forattini, O. P. & Rabello, E. X. (1955) Biologia e especies novas de Palpomyia e Stilobezzia (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Dusenia, 6, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="1955">Lane et al. 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FF3F1EB949B3E471" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1EB9485AE799" blockId="99.[151,1436,836,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FF3F1EB94F5BE6C1" bold="true" box="[199,555,1196,1221]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: No specimens of this genus were examined and the pupa is known only from the brief description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FE531EC54F31E6EC" box="[427,577,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Amerohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FE531EC54F31E6EC" box="[427,577,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">A. sordidipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FD891EC54E35E6EC" author="Lane" box="[625,837,1231,1256]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lane" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref188901" refString="Lane, J., Forattini, O. P. & Rabello, E. X. (1955) Biologia e especies novas de Palpomyia e Stilobezzia (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Dusenia, 6, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="1955">Lane et al. (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4D3015FCAB1EC54953E6EC" author="Lane" box="[851,1059,1231,1256]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lane" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref188901" refString="Lane, J., Forattini, O. P. & Rabello, E. X. (1955) Biologia e especies novas de Palpomyia e Stilobezzia (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Dusenia, 6, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="1955">Lane et al. (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
included drawings of the dorsal apotome, respiratory organ and abdominal tergites 3–9. The dorsal apotome is of a unique outline, no sensilla were illustrated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FEE21F024CF2E734" box="[282,386,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 22B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and it is almost certainly poorly drawn. The respiratory organ was drawn in an anterior/ posterior perspective (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4D3015FE611F294F74E751" box="[409,516,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 46G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and so the length/width noted here as 4.00 (taken from the drawing) is only approximate. The drawing of the abdomen did not provide enough resolution to determine the identification of most sensilla (only D-2-IV and D-3-IV can be identified with any confidence) and is not replicated here.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1FB24C21E40C" blockId="99.[151,1436,836,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
The few features of the pupa previously reported means this genus could neither be keyed nor interpreted phylogenetically. The presence of abdominal tergal apodemes of adult females indicates the genus is a member of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FF381FFA4C3DE40C" box="[192,333,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1C0149B3E471" blockId="99.[151,1436,836,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
The previously described pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4D3015FDB11C014FAEE429" box="[585,734,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Amerohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FDB11C014FAEE429" box="[585,734,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">A. sordidipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was not in the collections of the Faculdade de Saude Publica, Universidade de
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4D3015FEAE1C224CB8E454" box="[342,456,1591,1616]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sao Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Anice Sallum, pers. comm.) or at the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4D3015FAD31C2248ECE454" box="[1323,1436,1591,1616]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Carlos José Einicker Lamas, pers. comm.) both of which otherwise house some Lane material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4D3015FF3F1C6A4FB0E49C" box="[199,704,1663,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4D3015FF3F1C6A4FB0E49C" blockId="99.[151,1436,836,1688]" box="[199,704,1663,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4D3015FF3F1C6A4F71E49C" bold="true" box="[199,513,1663,1688]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
: None available.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
342
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC.xml
Normal file
342
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
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<treatment id="027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593057" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161047" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FD671FD04EE3E7E4" ID-CoL="7KJF" ID-ENA="1874311" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[671,915,1477,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FD671FD04EE3E7E4" bold="true" box="[671,915,1477,1504]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FD671FD04E4DE7DB" bold="true" box="[671,829,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
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Curtis
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FE721FFD49D9E405" box="[394,1193,1512,1537]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FE721FFD49D9E405" blockId="96.[394,1193,1477,1537]" box="[394,1193,1512,1537]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FE6A1FFD4C9FE405" box="[402,495,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="247.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-139@247.[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="247" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pupae in unusual habitats, preservation and relative sizes. A. Forcipomyia pupae, Rancho Grande, Venezuela; photo by Steve Marshall. B. Forcipomyia pupae under bark of log of Pinus sylvestris, Poland; photo by Marek W. Kozlowski. C. Pupae of Mallochohelea sp. on emergent plants at edge of Bolean Lk., 6 km NE Falkland, British Columbia. D. Palpomyia sp. showing mounting technique on pin, 8 km E. Sicamous, British Columbia. E. Permanent slide mount of dissected adult and pupal exuviae of Mallochohelea albibasis. F. Pupal exuviae, from left to right, of Baeodasymyia michaeli, Culicoides denticulatus and Sphaeromias longipennis showing size differences within the family. Total length of Baeodasymyia michaeli = 1.2 mm, of Sphaeromias = 7.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949061/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FE031FFD4F5AE405" box="[507,554,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">12E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FDCE1FFD4F16E405" box="[566,614,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FD8B1FFD4FD6E405" box="[627,678,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">22A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FD491FFD4F92E405" box="[689,738,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">28B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FD161FFD4E6EE405" box="[750,798,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">31C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FCD21FFD4E22E405" box="[810,850,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FCA61FFD4EC0E405" box="[862,944,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">40D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FC431FFD4E9AE405" box="[955,1002,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">46E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FC0E1FFD4957E405" box="[1014,1063,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">53B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBCB1FFD4916E405" box="[1075,1126,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="314.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-52@314.[176,1407,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 69. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Sphaeromias longipennis. B. Xenohelea galatea. C. Bezzia nobilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949294/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">69A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FB891FFD49D1E405" box="[1137,1185,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">77C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FF6F1C254840E4B1" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF6F1C254840E4B1" blockId="96.[151,1437,1584,2038]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF6F1C254C44E44D" bold="true" box="[151,308,1584,1609]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FE0F1C254FC6E44D" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[503,694,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the abdominal tubercles all apically pointed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FADA1C2548FFE44D" box="[1314,1423,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 68C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with D-8-IV and D-8-IV on only basally fused tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBF41C414900E469" box="[1036,1136,1620,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 68C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and abdominal segment 8 with the two ventral sensilla (V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII) on a single tubercle and V-5-VIII tiny and V-6-VIII elongate; not diagnosable as different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FE1E1C894F3BE4B1" box="[486,587,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FE1E1C894F3BE4B1" box="[486,587,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a genus known only from the Oriental and Australasian Regions.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3017FF3F1CAA4CFFE700" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3017FF3F1CAA4CFFE700" blockId="96.[151,1437,1584,2038]" lastBlockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF3F1CAA4CFAE4DC" bold="true" box="[199,394,1727,1752]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FDC31CAA4FD2E4DC" box="[571,674,1727,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD4E3016FCA11CAA4972E4D3" box="[857,1026,1727,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.58" metricValueMax="8.53" metricValueMin="6.63" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="7.58" valueMax="8.53" valueMin="6.63">6.63–8.53 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBA81CF649B0E4F8" box="[1104,1216,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FB351CF64985E4F8" box="[1229,1269,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FC621D124979E524" box="[922,1033,1799,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBEE1D12493AE524" box="[1046,1098,1799,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FBA51D1249EDE524" bold="true" box="[1117,1181,1799,1824]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FA961D124DBBE547" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FEBF1D5B4CC2E563" box="[327,434,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FED21D674CE4E58F" box="[298,404,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending just posterior to well posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FAFB1D8048E4E5AA" box="[1283,1428,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 40D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FE2A1DC84F4EE5F2" box="[466,574,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FCAD1A824ECAE2B4" box="[853,954,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FAFA1A824818E2B4" box="[1282,1384,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FDE61AAE4F07E2D0" bold="true" box="[542,631,187,212]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FC621AAE4973E2D0" box="[922,1027,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FE601B164F74E318" box="[408,516,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 53B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FD0F1B164E2FE318" box="[759,863,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 46E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.20–4.06, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with a few wrinkles, with moderately elongate pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short to moderately elongate and annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles for most of length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FF261BA04C1DE3CA" box="[222,365,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FF671BCC4D8DE3F6" box="[159,253,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FB3F1BCC4829E3F6" box="[1223,1369,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA971BE84DCFE03E" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); male with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg, female with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA9D18514D9FE085" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FCAE187D4EC9E085" box="[854,953,616,641]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3- T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA9718994DB7E0CC" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 53B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF6F18C64C7BE0E8" bold="true" box="[151,267,723,748]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, 2 spots on sternite 8; sternite 8 with dark posteromedial apodeme, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FF3919774C43E17F" box="[193,307,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 77C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FC7B19934E98E19B" box="[899,1000,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 53B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA9719BF4DB8E1E2" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="314.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-52@314.[176,1407,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 69. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Sphaeromias longipennis. B. Xenohelea galatea. C. Bezzia nobilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949294/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 69A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-7-IV present or absent; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on basally fused, closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV, if present, near D-3-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on short tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV, L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae, L-2-IV, L-3-IV on single pointed tubercle, L-4-IV on elongate tubercle, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on short tubercles, all closely approximated, V-5-IV, V-6-IV with tubercles fused basally; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; with V- 5-VIII, V-6-VIII on single tubercle, V-5-VIII tiny, V-6-VIII elongate; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FBDF1ED249F9E6E4" box="[1063,1161,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 77C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4F3017FF3F1F1A490BE7B3" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1F1A490BE7B3" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF3F1F1A4F11E72C" bold="true" box="[199,609,1295,1320]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD0C1F1A4EF5E72C" box="[756,901,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FD0C1F1A4EF5E72C" box="[756,901,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 30 species from every Region worldwide other than the Neotropical Region (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD581F264E4EE748" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[672,830,1331,1356]" genus="Borkent" pageId="97" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4F3017FD581F264E4EE748" author="Borkent" box="[672,830,1331,1356]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; minus one species, see below). Immatures are known from water hyacinth,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE731F4D4F4DE76B" box="[395,573,1368,1391]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stratiotes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE731F4D4F4DE76B" box="[395,573,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pistia stratiotes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from peat soil in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FCE81F434EE3E76B" box="[784,915,1366,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FCE81F434EE3E76B" box="[784,915,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Rhizophora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
mangroves, shady swamps, a grassy wetland, rivers, and lakes (sometimes in blanket algae). Larvae of Holarctic species are reported from the benthos of lakes.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4F3017FF6F1F8B4CE1E7B3" author="Knausenberger" box="[151,401,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provides further details of various microhabitats within the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4F3017FF3F1FD7491DE4D3" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1FD74CACE427" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF3F1FD74F45E7DF" bold="true" box="[199,565,1474,1499]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of five species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FC341FD7492DE7DF" box="[972,1117,1474,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FC341FD7492DE7DF" box="[972,1117,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD4F3017FAFE1FD748FFE7DF" box="[1286,1423,1474,1499]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FF6F1FF34FABE7FB" authority="de Meillon & Wirth (1981)" authorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,731,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theileri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF6F1FF34CF6E7FB" box="[151,390,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias theileri</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4F3017FE6B1FF34FABE7FB" author="de Meillon & Wirth" box="[403,731,1510,1535]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon & Wirth (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is now considered a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FB901FF349AEE7FB" box="[1128,1246,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FB901FF349AEE7FB" box="[1128,1246,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see taxonomic discussion under that genus).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1C3B4C73E4B5" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||||
Male and female pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE071C3B4FE0E443" box="[511,656,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE071C3B4FE0E443" box="[511,656,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD341C3B4E3DE443" box="[716,845,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FD341C3B4E3DE443" box="[716,845,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Homohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are sexually dimorphic in the arrangement of their forelegs. In males, the foreleg is relatively short (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FD341C474E13E46F" box="[716,867,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) while in females the foreleg overlaps the midleg entirely (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FEF81C634CE7E48B" box="[256,407,1654,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40B, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (see character 44). The feature is likely present in two related genera,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FB0A1C634818E48B" box="[1266,1384,1654,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FB0A1C634818E48B" box="[1266,1384,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Xenohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FF6F1C8F4D8CE4B7" box="[151,252,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF6F1C8F4D8CE4B7" box="[151,252,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1CAB491DE4D3" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" box="[199,1133,1726,1751]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||||
Some pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE8E1CAB4F77E4D3" box="[374,519,1726,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE8E1CAB4F77E4D3" box="[374,519,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are the largest of all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD0B1CAB4EC2E4D3" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[755,946,1726,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FBF31CAB4910E4D3" box="[1035,1120,1726,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="247.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-139@247.[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="247" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pupae in unusual habitats, preservation and relative sizes. A. Forcipomyia pupae, Rancho Grande, Venezuela; photo by Steve Marshall. B. Forcipomyia pupae under bark of log of Pinus sylvestris, Poland; photo by Marek W. Kozlowski. C. Pupae of Mallochohelea sp. on emergent plants at edge of Bolean Lk., 6 km NE Falkland, British Columbia. D. Palpomyia sp. showing mounting technique on pin, 8 km E. Sicamous, British Columbia. E. Permanent slide mount of dissected adult and pupal exuviae of Mallochohelea albibasis. F. Pupal exuviae, from left to right, of Baeodasymyia michaeli, Culicoides denticulatus and Sphaeromias longipennis showing size differences within the family. Total length of Baeodasymyia michaeli = 1.2 mm, of Sphaeromias = 7.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949061/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4F3014FF3F1CF749E9E2FC" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3014FF3F1CF749E9E2FC" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" lastBlockId="98.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF3F1CF74F77E4FF" bold="true" box="[199,519,1762,1787]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FDE41CF74FF9E4FF" authorityName="Ewen & Saunders" authorityYear="1958" box="[540,649,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FDE41CF74FF9E4FF" box="[540,649,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. bifidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, North Burgess Township,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FAC71CF748E7E4FF" box="[1343,1431,1762,1787]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FF6F1D134D9EE51B" box="[151,238,1798,1823]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FF021D134C0EE51B" box="[250,382,1798,1823]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1971-06-21">21-VI-1971</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE141D124F1EE51B" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[492,622,1798,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE141D124F1EE51B" box="[492,622,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD4F3017FD851D134FAAE51A" box="[637,730,1798,1823]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
, Tegeler See,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FC831D134E94E51B" box="[891,996,1798,1823]" name="Germany" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FC081D134918E51B" box="[1008,1128,1798,1823]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1931-05-20">20-V-1931</date>
|
||||
(ZSMC); 7 pupal exuviae, Strelna,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FF0D1D3F4CA6E547" box="[245,470,1834,1859]" country="Russia" name="Leningrad" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Leningrad Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FE1B1D3F4F40E547" box="[483,560,1834,1859]" name="Russia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FDC41D3F4FC4E547" box="[572,692,1834,1859]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1998-05-30">30-V-1998</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FCF51D3F4EDDE547" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[781,941,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FCF51D3F4EDDE547" box="[781,941,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. longipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, Stanleyville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FF6F1D5B4D9FE563" box="[151,239,1870,1895]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FEF81D5B4C27E563" box="[256,343,1870,1895]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FE901D5B4C9CE563" box="[360,492,1870,1895]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1975-06-24">24-VI-1975</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FBC21D5B49CEE563" box="[1082,1214,1870,1895]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1975-06-25">25-VI-1975</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 5 pupal exuviae, Rideau River, Ottawa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FDF91D674F29E58F" box="[513,601,1906,1931]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FD9E1D674FCDE58F" box="[614,701,1906,1931]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FD311D674E31E58F" box="[713,833,1906,1931]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1960-05-29">29-V-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Black Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FF6F1D834D9FE5AB" box="[151,239,1942,1967]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FF041D834C23E5AB" box="[252,339,1942,1967]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FE981D834C94E5AB" box="[352,484,1942,1967]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1971-06-21">21-VI-1971</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Bemus Point, Chautauqua Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FB681D824877E5AB" box="[1168,1287,1942,1967]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FAEC1D83483FE5AB" box="[1300,1359,1942,1967]" name="United States of America" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FAA41D834DBFE5D7" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1963-05-31">31-V- 1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Wanakena, St. Lawrence County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FC7C1DAE4E8AE5D7" box="[900,1018,1978,2003]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FBFD1DAF4930E5D7" box="[1029,1088,1978,2003]" name="United States of America" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FBB31DAF49BFE5D7" box="[1099,1231,1978,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1963-06-25">25-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Cranberry Lake, St. Lawrence County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4C3014FD4B1A8D4E59E2B4" box="[691,809,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FCCC1A824E1FE2B4" box="[820,879,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FC811A824E8EE2B4" box="[889,1022,151,176]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1963-06-25">25-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FB8E1A8D49A5E2AB" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1142,1237,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FB8E1A8D49A5E2AB" box="[1142,1237,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. pictus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae, Raigorodok,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4C3014FED21AA94C86E2D1" box="[298,502,188,213]" country="Ukraine" name="Donets'k" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Donetsk Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FDFA1AA94F2FE2D1" box="[514,607,188,213]" name="Ukraine" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FD931AA94F93E2D1" box="[619,739,188,213]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1970-05-30">30-V-1970</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FCC31AA94E39E2D7" box="[827,841,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 2 pupal exuviae, White Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4C3014FB251AA94845E2D1" box="[1245,1333,188,213]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FAB91AA948E8E2D1" box="[1345,1432,188,213]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FF6F1ACA4C7FE2FC" box="[151,271,223,248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1967-05-29">29-V-1967</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Rutka Tartak nr Suwałki,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FCA21ACA4EDBE2FC" box="[858,939,223,248]" name="Poland" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FC4E1ACA4945E2FC" box="[950,1077,223,248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1993-07-02">2-VII-1993</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD4C3014FBBC1ACA49FDE2FC" box="[1092,1165,223,248]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26db-tnj6" name="Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universita" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IZUG</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
207
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD603039FD9918374C97E0F4.xml
Normal file
207
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD603039FD9918374C97E0F4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
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||||
<mods:identifier id="8410604C95D6E52C354E3A9664D927A9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D925184CC064126E0F4CE8BC468FCC2" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="E7414200C63B6C081DE32EA00B416C30" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="027587C9BD603039FD9918374C97E0F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593019" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593019" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD603039FD9918374C97E0F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD603039FD9918374C97E0F4" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD603038FD9918374EA1E038" box="[609,977,546,572]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD603038FD9918374EA1E038" blockId="78.[491,1095,546,606]" box="[609,977,546,572]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FD9918374EA1E038" ID-CoL="6367Q" ID-ENA="1874488" authority="Wirth & Debenham" authorityName="Wirth & Debenham" box="[609,977,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Hebetula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FD9918374EA1E038" bold="true" box="[609,977,546,572]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FD9918374FA0E038" bold="true" box="[609,720,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Hebetula</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth & Debenham
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD603038FE1318504937E05A" box="[491,1095,581,606]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD603038FE1318504937E05A" blockId="78.[491,1095,546,606]" box="[491,1095,581,606]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FE0C18504F14E05A" box="[500,612,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FD9718504FECE05A" box="[623,668,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">26F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FD5F18504FAAE05A" box="[679,730,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">30K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FD1D18504E68E05A" box="[741,792,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">33D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FCDB18504E24E05A" box="[803,852,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">38B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FC9818504EE3E05A" box="[864,915,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">45H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FC6618504EBEE05A" box="[926,974,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">51B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FC231850497CE05A" box="[987,1036,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">64C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FBEF1850494FE05A" box="[1047,1087,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">75J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD603038FF6F18984ECDE15E" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD603038FF6F18984ECDE15E" blockId="78.[151,1437,653,2010]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FF6F18984C44E0A2" bold="true" box="[151,308,653,678]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FE2718984FEEE0A2" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,653,678]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FC3E18A4495AE0CE" box="[966,1066,689,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and L-1-IV and L-3-IV slender, contrasting with the basally thick L-2-IV and L-4-IV (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FCFE18C04E1FE0EA" box="[774,879,725,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 64C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated posterior from the anterior margin of metathorax (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FB2F18EC4832E116" box="[1239,1346,761,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), halter extending just anterior of the anterolateral margin of tergite 2 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FCAB19084ECBE132" box="[851,955,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 33D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and abdominal segment 4 with the lateral setae scattered (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FEB119544CDDE15E" box="[329,429,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 64C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (not forming a transverse row as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FCB319544EC1E15E" box="[843,945,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 67B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD603039FF3F19704850E344" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD603039FF3F19704850E344" blockId="78.[151,1437,653,2010]" lastBlockId="79.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FF3F19704CFAE17A" bold="true" box="[199,394,869,894]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD603038FDA019704FB6E179" box="[600,710,869,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.59" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="3.59">3.59 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FC75199C4E8FE1A6" box="[909,1023,905,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FBF5199C4930E1A6" box="[1037,1088,905,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, with narrow connection between face and base of antenna (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FC2019B84936E1C2" box="[984,1094,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FBAA19B849F7E1C2" box="[1106,1159,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">79G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FB6219B849AAE1C2" bold="true" box="[1178,1242,941,966]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FF6719C44C79E1EE" box="[159,265,977,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FE6219E04C8FE60A" box="[410,511,1013,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FEDE1E0C4CF9E636" box="[294,393,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 26F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FB671E284877E652" box="[1183,1287,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FE9E1E904CBBE69A" box="[358,459,1157,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FD2F1EBC4E4FE6C6" box="[727,831,1193,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 26F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FB6F1EBC498FE6C6" box="[1175,1279,1193,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 26F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FE541ED84F75E6E2" bold="true" box="[428,517,1229,1254]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FCEE1ED84E06E6E2" box="[790,886,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 26F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum yes, low ones tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FF671F004C7CE72A" box="[159,268,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FDF91F004F1DE72A" box="[513,621,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 45H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.67–3.81, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FDBB1FB04FD8E7BA" box="[579,680,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with short tubercle at apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FDD41FDC4FE1E7E6" box="[556,657,1481,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 33D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending just anterior of anterolateral margin of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FE4F1FF84F6BE402" box="[439,539,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 38B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FDEE1C044FF0E42E" box="[534,640,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 33D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FB091C2048FFE44A" box="[1265,1423,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FD171C4C4E28E476" box="[751,856,1625,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T, setae, D-4-T broken seta?, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FF671CB44C7CE4BE" box="[159,268,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FED41CD04CD0E4DA" bold="true" box="[300,416,1733,1758]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 1 medial spot, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FE0E1D244F25E54E" box="[502,597,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 75J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FB911D4049A3E56A" box="[1129,1235,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD603038FE901D884CBBE5B2" box="[360,459,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 64C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8- IV, D-9-IV moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV moderately elongate seta on short tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae, L-2-IV, L-4-IV on rounded tubercles, V-5- IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate, V-6-IV short seta, on rounded tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FD4D1B324E60E344" box="[693,784,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 75J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD613039FF3F1B594C29E3A9" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD613039FF3F1B594C29E3A9" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FF3F1B594F1EE361" bold="true" box="[199,622,332,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD613039FCED1B594E0CE361" box="[789,892,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Hebetula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FCED1B594E0CE361" box="[789,892,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Hebetula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 22 species in the Oriental, Afrotropical and Australasian Regions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD613039FDAE1B7A4F86E38C" author="Borkent" box="[598,758,367,392]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Pupae have been reared from moss in a creek and from the margin of a river.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD613039FF3F1BA24927E0AC" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD613039FF3F1BA24CF4E064" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FF3F1BA24F5DE3D4" bold="true" box="[199,557,439,464]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only one species of this genus is known as a pupa (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD613039FB761BA2487EE3D4" box="[1166,1294,439,464]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal setae on the thorax of the single pupa differed on either side, with D-3-T missing on the right side. D-4-T was either a sensillum basiconica (as shown here) or the setae were broken off on both sides. If future specimens confirm D-4- T as a sensillum basiconica, this would be a distinctive and unique feature within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD613039FB9218314859E039" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1130,1321,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(D-4-T is absent in some taxa).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD613039FF3F18794927E0AC" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD613039FF3F18794CD8E081" author="Elson-Harris" box="[199,424,620,645]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref182239" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1987) The immature stages of some Australian Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 26, 45 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1987. tb 00258. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Elson-Harris (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrated the respiratory organ of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD613039FCCD18784EC2E080" baseAuthorityName="Lee" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[821,946,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Hebetula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FCCD18784EC2E080" box="[821,946,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">H. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a midband of darker pigmentation but reexamination indicates the pigmentation extends to the base of the respiratory organ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD613039FF3F18A14C97E0F4" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD613039FF3F18A14C97E0F4" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FF3F18A14F78E0C9" bold="true" box="[199,520,692,717]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD613039FDE718A04FD3E0C8" baseAuthorityName="Lee" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[543,675,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Hebetula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FDE718A04FD3E0C8" box="[543,675,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">H. tonnoiri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Nattai River, Mittagong,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD613039FB4618A148E8E0C9" box="[1214,1432,692,717]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD613039FF6F18C24C71E0F4" box="[151,257,727,752]" name="Australia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD613039FEF418C24CF2E0F4" box="[268,386,727,752]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1964-11-04">4-XI-1964</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
289
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289
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD613039FD4E199F4E0DE1A0" ID-CoL="44FR" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[694,893,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FD4E199F4E6CE1A0" bold="true" box="[694,796,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Dibezzia</emphasis>
|
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Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD613039FE1719B84934E1C2" box="[495,1092,941,966]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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(
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||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FE0F19B84F18E1C2" box="[503,616,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 12B</figureCitation>
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||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FD8B19B84FD5E1C2" box="[627,677,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">21A</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FD4919B84F91E1C2" box="[689,737,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">26E</figureCitation>
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||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FD1519B84E66E1C2" box="[749,790,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">30J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FCD919B84E24E1C2" box="[801,852,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">38A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FCA719B84EFFE1C2" box="[863,911,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">45G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC6219B84EBEE1C2" box="[922,974,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">51A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC2119B8497AE1C2" box="[985,1034,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">64B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FBED19B8494BE1C2" box="[1045,1083,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">75I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD613039FF6F19E04E91E636" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD613039FF6F19E04E91E636" blockId="79.[151,1437,1013,2010]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FF6F19E04C44E60A" bold="true" box="[151,308,1013,1038]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD613039FE0819E04FDFE60A" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[496,687,1013,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a well-developed prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FB2B19E0484AE60A" box="[1235,1338,1013,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and an elongate seta (D-5-IX) on the base of the terminal process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FCD71E0C4ED0E636" box="[815,928,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC531E0C4EA5E636" box="[939,981,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">75I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD613026FF3F1E28498FE3F1" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD613026FF3F1E28498FE3F1" blockId="79.[151,1437,1013,2010]" lastBlockId="80.[151,1436,151,1184]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FF3F1E284CFAE652" bold="true" box="[199,394,1085,1110]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FDC81E284FE5E652" box="[560,661,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD613039FCBB1E284ED7E651" box="[835,935,1085,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.03" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="4.03">4.03 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD613039FC4D1E28497CE651" box="[949,1036,1085,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD613039FBA81E2B4999E652" author="Mayer" box="[1104,1257,1085,1110]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="166 - 202" refId="ref190459" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 c) Ceratopogoniden-Metamorphosen (C. Intermediae und C. Vermiformes) der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 13, 166 - 202." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="c">Mayer 1934c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FA9D1E744DB8E69A" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FF2E1E904C79E69A" box="[214,265,1157,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear uncertain anteriorly; present along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FBAE1E9049E6E69A" bold="true" box="[1110,1174,1157,1182]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FA961E904DBAE6C6" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with partial ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FE621ED84C8FE6E2" box="[410,511,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FEDE1EE44CFBE70E" box="[294,395,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC291F004946E72A" box="[977,1078,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FF671F484C60E772" box="[159,272,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FD9F1F944FBAE79E" box="[615,714,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FBF11F94491DE79E" box="[1033,1133,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FEEC1FB04C1DE7BA" bold="true" box="[276,365,1445,1470]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FD741FB04F83E7BA" box="[652,755,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus but narrow dorsolaterally, extent to antenna uncertain; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FDFA1FF84F01E402" box="[514,625,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 51A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC9D1FF84EA0E402" box="[869,976,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 45G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.11–3.61, moderately elongate, with blunt apex, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with plates with very fine spicules, without pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, plates to 3/4 length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC581C68497CE492" box="[928,1036,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC371CB44948E4BE" box="[975,1080,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FCCA1CD04EE8E4DA" box="[818,920,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FC411CFC496FE506" box="[953,1055,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 33C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FED81D244CC9E54E" box="[288,441,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FBD41D2449FBE54E" box="[1068,1163,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T setae, D-5-T broken or absent, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD613039FE431D6C4F50E596" box="[443,544,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 51A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD613039FE2B1D884F37E5B2" bold="true" box="[467,583,1949,1974]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FBCA1A8249FEE2B4" box="[1074,1166,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 75I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting nearly posteriorly, elongate, slender, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FDFC1ACA4F1AE2FC" box="[516,618,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 51A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 6 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FBFC1B114917E319" box="[1028,1127,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 64B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-2-IV on short tubercle; D-8-IV, D-9-IV moderately elongate setae, D-5-IV, D-7-IV absent (or perhaps not visible); D-8-IV, D-9-IV on elongate, single tubercle, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV short seta without tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae on elongate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6- IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae, without tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FE1E1BC94F4EE3F1" box="[486,574,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 75I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX elongate seta, D-6-IX campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7E3026FF3F1BEA499BE064" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3026FF3F1BEA499BE064" blockId="80.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF3F1BEA4F16E01C" bold="true" box="[199,614,511,536]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FD071BEA4E11E01C" box="[767,865,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FD071BEA4E11E01C" box="[767,865,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Dibezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from five species in the Oriental and Afrotropical Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FE6B18314F42E039" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[403,562,548,573]" genus="Borkent" pageId="80" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FE6B18314F42E039" author="Borkent" box="[403,562,548,573]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, additional species below). The two species were reared from either "bamboo peat" (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FF2718524CE6E064" author="Johannsen" box="[223,406,583,608]" firstAuthor="Johannsen" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="403 - 448" refId="ref186650" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1932) Ceratopogoninae from the Malayan subregion of the Dutch East Indies. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 9, 403 - 448, pls. 4 - 8." type="journal article" year="1932">Johannsen 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7E3026FE3A18524F5FE064" box="[450,559,583,608]" name="Indonesia" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
or a tree hole in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7E3026FD1518524E2FE064" box="[749,863,583,608]" name="Singapore" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FC94185249AEE064" author="Wirth & Ratanaworabhan" box="[876,1246,583,608]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="287 - 295" refId="ref200234" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Ratanaworabhan, N. C. (1981 a) The Oriental species of the genus Dibezzia Kieffer (Diptera Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 83, 287 - 295." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Wirth & Ratanaworabhan 1981a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7E3026FF3F18794EFCE679" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3026FF3F18794942E1E9" blockId="80.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF3F18794F5BE081" bold="true" box="[199,555,620,645]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of this genus are known from two species (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD7E3026FB6E18794865E081" box="[1174,1301,620,645]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Originally described as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FED4189A4F16E0A3" box="[300,614,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prominens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FED4189A4F16E0A3" box="[300,614,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Johannsenomyia prominens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FD6C189A4E2FE0AC" author="Johannsen" box="[660,863,655,680]" firstAuthor="Johannsen" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="403 - 448" refId="ref186650" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1932) Ceratopogoninae from the Malayan subregion of the Dutch East Indies. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 9, 403 - 448, pls. 4 - 8." type="journal article" year="1932">Johannsen (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FC9518854931E0AC" author="Mayer" box="[877,1089,655,680]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="244" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="205 - 288" refId="ref190389" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Mayer (1934a:244</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FBB7189A49E4E0AC" author="Mayer" box="[1103,1172,655,680]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="166 - 202" refId="ref190459" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 c) Ceratopogoniden-Metamorphosen (C. Intermediae und C. Vermiformes) der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 13, 166 - 202." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="c">1934c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) described the pupa of this Indonesian species as (?)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FE1E18A14F94E0C8" box="[486,740,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prominens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FE1E18A14F94E0C8" box="[486,740,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Homohelea prominens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on the pupal exuviae from which the male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7E3026FAE318A1480DE0C9" box="[1307,1405,692,717]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of this species was reared.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FE4F18C24F3DE0F4" author="Wirth" box="[439,589,727,752]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="346 - 388" refId="ref199123" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1973) Family Ceratopogonidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Oriental Region. Vol. 1. Suborder Nematocera. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 346 - 388" type="book chapter" year="1973">Wirth (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
placed the species in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FCA118C24971E0F4" box="[857,1025,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FCA118C24971E0F4" box="[857,1025,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a new combination but did not identify it as such or give any justification for doing so and this is where it has remained since. The descriptions by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FF6F19354C4CE13C" author="Mayer" box="[151,316,799,824]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="205 - 288" refId="ref190389" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Mayer (1934a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FEB3190A4CE3E13C" author="Mayer" box="[331,403,799,824]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="166 - 202" refId="ref190459" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 c) Ceratopogoniden-Metamorphosen (C. Intermediae und C. Vermiformes) der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 13, 166 - 202." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="c">1934c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), however, clearly indicate the presence of the elongate seta at the base of the terminal process, a feature of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FE6C19514C86E159" box="[404,502,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FE6C19514C86E159" box="[404,502,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Dibezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and unique within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FCEA19514EA5E159" box="[786,981,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ceratopogoninae">Ceratopogoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In addition,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FB8F19514853E159" author="Mayer" box="[1143,1315,836,861]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="166 - 202" refId="ref190459" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 c) Ceratopogoniden-Metamorphosen (C. Intermediae und C. Vermiformes) der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 13, 166 - 202." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="c">Mayer (1934c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted the presence of "breiten Schuppen" (broad scales) on the surface of the respiratory organ, which is what the fine scales appear as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FEDB19984CA2E1A1" authorityName="Wirth & Ratanaworabhan" authorityYear="1981" box="[291,466,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debenhamae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FEDB19984CA2E1A1" box="[291,466,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. debenhamae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This feature is unique within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FCA919994E96E1A1" box="[849,998,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FBFC199949EBE1A1" box="[1028,1179,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FB5A199849AFE1A1" box="[1186,1247,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FB04199948F5E1A1" box="[1276,1413,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FF6F19BA4C50E1CC" box="[151,288,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. I therefore remove the name from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FD5419BA4E24E1CC" box="[684,852,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FD5419BA4E24E1CC" box="[684,852,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and consider it a member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FB6319BA498DE1CC" box="[1179,1277,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FB6319BA498DE1CC" box="[1179,1277,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Dibezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as follows:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FF6F19C14F0BE1E9" authority="(Johannsen) 1932: 435" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityPageNumber="435" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[151,635,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prominens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF6F19C14C05E1E8" box="[151,373,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Dibezzia prominens</emphasis>
|
||||
(Johannsen) 1932: 435
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FD7319C14E37E1E9" box="[651,839,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FD7319C14E37E1E9" box="[651,839,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Johannsenomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FCA719C14942E1E9" bold="true" box="[863,1074,980,1005]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3026FF3F19E24EFCE679" blockId="80.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FF3F19E24CDCE60B" box="[199,428,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prominens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF3F19E24CDCE60B" box="[199,428,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Dibezzia prominens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7E3026FD6919ED4E32E614" author="Mayer" box="[657,834,1015,1040]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="166 - 202" refId="ref190459" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 c) Ceratopogoniden-Metamorphosen (C. Intermediae und C. Vermiformes) der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 13, 166 - 202." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="c">Mayer (1934c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, has D-5-IV represented as a small campaniform sensillum or perhaps a very small seta and D-7-IV located posterolateral to D-3-IV (like other members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FF6F1E2A4C5CE65C" box="[151,300,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FEB41E2A4C93E65C" box="[332,483,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FE131E544F59E65C" box="[491,553,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FDB11E2A4FA2E65C" box="[585,722,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FD0A1E2A4E0BE65C" box="[754,891,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; see character 64). I could not find either on the single, dirty, and distorted specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FDA81E704E70E679" authorityName="Wirth & Ratanaworabhan" authorityYear="1981" box="[592,768,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debenhamae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FDA81E704E70E679" box="[592,768,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. debenhamae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
I examined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7E3026FF3F1E924801E6A4" box="[199,1393,1159,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3026FF3F1E924801E6A4" blockId="80.[151,1436,151,1184]" box="[199,1393,1159,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF3F1E924F71E6A4" bold="true" box="[199,513,1159,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FDE81E9C4FCFE6A4" authorityName="Wirth & Ratanaworabhan" authorityYear="1981" box="[528,703,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debenhamae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FDE81E9C4FCFE6A4" box="[528,703,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">D. debenhamae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7E3026FC561E92497CE6A4" box="[942,1036,1159,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7E3026FBD81E9249E4E6A4" box="[1056,1172,1159,1184]" name="Singapore" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7E3026FB671E92498FE6A4" box="[1183,1279,1159,1184]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="1959-06">VI-1959</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
273
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD623038FD6C1D214D85E38C.xml
Normal file
273
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD623038FD6C1D214D85E38C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
|
|||
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<mods:identifier id="119460C94F3626EB7DF07BE84170D531" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="96CF86F97E6B136A5F5F9E0A77123D89" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C74C5F4812EFF75655EB6015D523EA9F" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="0F95146923D684FA322E168D9D19F735" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="629D0BA7F0754B94A11406C9FEA00CE5" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="15B03CB89350EA36B75FA8EA03884EEF" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="027587C9BD623038FD6C1D214D85E38C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593017" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161042" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593017" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD623038FD6C1D214D85E38C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD623038FD6C1D214D85E38C" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD62303AFD6C1D214EEEE54A" box="[660,926,1844,1870]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD62303AFD6C1D214EEEE54A" blockId="76.[380,1208,1844,1904]" box="[660,926,1844,1870]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFD6C1D214EEEE54A" ID-CoL="6KBC" authority="Macfie" authorityName="Macfie" box="[660,926,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFD6C1D214EEEE54A" bold="true" box="[660,926,1844,1870]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFD6C1D214E31E54A" bold="true" box="[660,833,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pellucidomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
Macfie
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD62303AFE841D4249C8E574" box="[380,1208,1879,1904]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD62303AFE841D4249C8E574" blockId="76.[380,1208,1844,1904]" box="[380,1208,1879,1904]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFE7C1D424C85E574" box="[388,501,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figs. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFDF91D424F40E574" box="[513,560,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">13G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFDC41D424F18E574" box="[572,616,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">16F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFD8C1D424FEEE574" box="[628,670,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">20P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFD521D424FADE574" box="[682,733,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">26D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFD101D424E60E574" box="[744,784,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">30I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFCE41D424E3DE574" box="[796,845,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">33C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFCA01D424EF4E574" box="[856,900,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">37F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFC771D424EABE574" box="[911,987,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">45E–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFC1E1D424962E574" box="[998,1042,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">50F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFBE51D424921E574" box="[1053,1105,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">64A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFBA41D4249C0E574" box="[1116,1200,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">75G–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD62303BFF6F1DB5494FE2D1" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD62303BFF6F1DB5494FE2D1" blockId="76.[151,1436,1952,2013]" lastBlockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFF6F1DB54C44E5BD" bold="true" box="[151,308,1952,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFE161DB54FDDE5BD" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[494,685,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the thorax and segment 2 markedly wider than abdominal segment 3 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFED91DD14CFEE5D9" box="[289,398,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique in having an apically truncate segment 9 and very widely spaced terminal processes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFEED1A824CF9E2B4" box="[277,393,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFE611A824C80E2B4" box="[409,496,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">75G–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
); also unique in having a well-developed prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFB191A82483BE2B4" box="[1249,1355,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and a respiratory organ with the pores arranged in a nearly complete circle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFC5C1AA94943E2D1" box="[932,1075,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 45E–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD63303BFF3F1ACA4FCBE471" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD63303BFF3F1ACA4FCBE471" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFF3F1ACA4CFAE2FC" bold="true" box="[199,394,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFDC21ACA4FD3E2FC" box="[570,675,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD63303BFCA31ACA4973E2F3" box="[859,1027,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" metricValueMax="2.84" metricValueMin="2.22" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.53" valueMax="2.84" valueMin="2.22">2.22–2.84 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFB851B11499CE319" box="[1149,1260,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFB0E1B114859E319" box="[1270,1321,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">33C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, with narrow connection between face and base of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFB681B32498DE344" box="[1168,1277,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 16F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFAF31B32484FE344" box="[1291,1343,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">79G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFAAC1B3248E4E344" bold="true" box="[1364,1428,295,320]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFEA61B594CB5E361" box="[350,453,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 20P</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFE1F1B7A4F3CE38C" box="[487,588,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFE841B814C9BE3A9" box="[380,491,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFAC91BA248E4E3D4" box="[1329,1428,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 37F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFEE21BEA4C0EE01C" box="[282,382,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 20P</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFD9218314FA1E039" box="[618,721,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 moderately thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFB7D1831499EE039" box="[1157,1262,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1–2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFE4A18524F7BE064" bold="true" box="[434,523,583,608]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFCDD18524EFEE064" box="[805,910,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFEF5189A4C05E0AC" box="[269,373,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 50F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFD9E189A4F86E0AC" box="[614,758,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 45E–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.27–2.38, moderately elongate, trumpetshaped, somewhat flattened apically (circular area), with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged circularly, outer surface smooth, without pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, plates to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFD55190A4E61E13C" box="[685,785,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 37F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFD7419514F86E159" box="[652,758,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 33C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending just anterior of anterolateral margin of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFDA319724FB0E184" box="[603,704,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 37F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFD2E19994E4EE1A1" box="[726,830,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 33C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (1/2 distance to anterolaterals) (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFCBD19C14EACE1E9" box="[837,988,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 elongate seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFF1C19E24C35E614" box="[228,325,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 30I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T posterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFB1E1E094825E631" box="[1254,1365,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 50F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1-2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFC801E2A4E9CE65C" bold="true" box="[888,1004,1087,1112]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation very light brown or just indicated by bare patches, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, 2 (medial area with stripe, 2 spots), anterolateral spots, 3–7 only light brown medial patch, sternites not pigmented or sternites 3–7 with light brown medial patch, segment 2 much wider than segment 3, segments with or without bifurcating setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFA9C1EDA4D9BE709" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 75G–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) widely truncate posteriorly, terminal processes widely separated basally, each projecting posteriorly or slightly posterolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFC341F024942E734" box="[972,1074,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 50F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum or 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFD451F4A4E57E77C" box="[701,807,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="309.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,189,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-49@309.[161,1426,183,1967]" captionTargetPageId="309" captionText="FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949278/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 64A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV long setae on moderately elongate tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV elongate setae, D-5-IV, D-8-IV simple or bifurcating; D-5-IV on elongate tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated elongate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV moderately elongate seta, close to base of tubercles with L-2-IV, L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV elongate, simple or bifid setae on elongate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV elongate simple or bifid setae, on rounded tubercles, V- 6-IV, V-7-IV closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD63303BFAE41C22480FE454" box="[1308,1407,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 75</figureCitation>
|
||||
G- H)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD63303BFF3F1C6A4C70E501" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD63303BFF3F1C6A4C70E501" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFF3F1C6A4F2CE49C" bold="true" box="[199,604,1663,1688]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFD1F1C6A4EF9E49C" box="[743,905,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFD1F1C6A4EF9E49C" box="[743,905,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pellucidomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from nine species in the Neotropical, Afrotropical and Australasian Regions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD63303BFD981CB14E72E4B9" author="Borkent" box="[608,770,1700,1725]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), including the new combination of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFB5F1CB04870E4B8" box="[1191,1280,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFB5F1CB04870E4B8" box="[1191,1280,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">P. geari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
noted below. Pupae have been collected from small streams and creeks, backwaters of a creek, and from the margin of a reservoir.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD633038FF3F1D1A4805E2FC" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD63303BFF3F1D1A4E08E591" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFF3F1D1A4F5BE52C" bold="true" box="[199,555,1807,1832]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFD1E1D1A4EF8E52C" box="[742,904,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFD1E1D1A4EF8E52C" box="[742,904,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pellucidomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD63303BFB811D1A4987E52C" box="[1145,1271,1807,1832]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Pupae of this genus are distinctive (see diagnosis) and easily distinguishable from other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFC091D2149C4E549" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1009,1204,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Examination of the pupae of South African species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFDFC1D4C4FB5E56B" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[516,709,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFDFC1D4C4FB5E56B" box="[516,709,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Macropeza geari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indicates that it shares the pupal synapomorphies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFADD1D4C481AE574" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1960" box="[1317,1386,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFADD1D4C481AE574" box="[1317,1386,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">P. leei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and that it belongs within this genus as a new combination as follows:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD63303BFF6F1DB54919E5BD" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,1129,1952,1977]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFF6F1DB54F81E5BD" authority="(de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 547" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="547" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[151,753,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFF6F1DB54C0AE5BC" box="[151,378,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pellucidomyia geari</emphasis>
|
||||
(de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 547
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFCF91DB44E0EE5BC" box="[769,894,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFCF91DB44E0EE5BC" box="[769,894,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Macropeza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFC6D1DB54919E5BD" bold="true" box="[917,1129,1952,1977]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD633038FF3F1DD14805E2FC" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFF3F1DD14CC2E5D8" box="[199,434,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD63303BFF3F1DD14CC2E5D8" box="[199,434,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pellucidomyia geari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is otherwise known only as the male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD63303BFC691DD14E86E5D9" box="[913,1014,1988,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Because males of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD63303BFB111DD1480EE5D9" box="[1257,1406,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FF6F1A824C5EE2B4" box="[151,302,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FECC1A8C4C01E2B4" box="[308,369,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FE751A824F66E2B4" box="[397,534,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FDCB1A824FC8E2B4" box="[563,696,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are generally poorly characterized in much of the world, a generic misplacement is more than possible. Additionally, the male adult
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FC881AA84EB6E2D0" box="[880,966,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FC881AA84EB6E2D0" box="[880,966,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. geari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FB251AA84C48E2FC" authority="(de Meillon) 1942" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sambulena">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FB251AA84801E2D1" box="[1245,1393,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. sambulena</emphasis>
|
||||
(de Meillon) 1942
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
which likely is a senior synonym. Examination of the types is needed to confirm this possibility.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD603038FF3F1B114D85E38C" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD603038FF3F1B114D85E38C" blockId="78.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FF3F1B114F72E319" bold="true" box="[199,514,260,285]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FDEB1B104F1BE318" box="[531,619,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FDEB1B104F1BE318" box="[531,619,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. geari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD603038FC9B1B114EB9E319" box="[867,969,260,285]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Burgershall, Hazyview, East Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD603038FF6F1B324C59E344" box="[151,297,295,320]" name="South Africa" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD603038FECD1B324CC5E344" box="[309,437,295,320]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1973-12-03">3-XII-1973</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD603038FDD61B3C4F02E344" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1960" box="[558,626,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD603038FDD61B3C4F02E344" box="[558,626,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. leei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Mason Creek,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD603038FB811B324870E344" box="[1145,1280,295,320]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD603038FAF31B324805E344" box="[1291,1397,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, no date (CNCI); 4 pupal exuviae, Merricumbene Creek, Moruya River,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD603038FC301B5949EDE361" box="[968,1181,332,357]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD603038FB561B594867E361" box="[1198,1303,332,357]" name="Australia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD603038FAD01B5948ECE361" box="[1320,1436,332,357]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1964-03-02">2-III-1964</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
306
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799.xml
Normal file
306
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="57DA8DABB71C60A2598A7495AACFCDF6">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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|
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|
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<mods:title id="EC391AA00B141AB0A96E5DCC033DC3E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="8B966D6F4B41BBDDBFF8E8546BC996A8">
|
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<mods:date id="0AF7AB976237DD2E6734E267ADD75589">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5A95B071794061DAA5DCA1AEE3185F65" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="4FF858F4AB70F75F7A4EAD4145EB44DC">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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|
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|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593011" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593011" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" box="[679,907,836,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" blockId="74.[391,1196,836,896]" box="[679,907,836,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" ID-CoL="9H6V5" ID-ENA="1614652" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[679,907,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" bold="true" box="[679,907,836,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFD5F19514E5BE15A" bold="true" box="[679,811,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFE7F197249DCE184" box="[391,1196,871,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFE7F197249DCE184" blockId="74.[391,1196,836,896]" box="[391,1196,871,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE7719724C8AE184" box="[399,506,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 13F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFDFE19724F47E184" box="[518,567,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">16C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFDBB19724FEDE184" box="[579,669,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">20M–N</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFD5019724FA9E184" box="[680,729,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">26B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFD1C19724E64E184" box="[740,788,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">30G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCE719724E20E184" box="[799,848,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCA419724EFFE184" box="[860,911,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">37D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC6219724E9EE184" box="[922,1006,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">45A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC011972495CE184" box="[1017,1068,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">50D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFBCF19724918E184" box="[1079,1128,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">63B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB8C197249D4E184" box="[1140,1188,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">75C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFF6F19BA4DA8E631" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFF6F19BA4DA8E631" blockId="74.[151,1437,943,2013]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFF6F19BA4C44E1CC" bold="true" box="[151,308,943,968]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFE1F19BA4FD6E1CC" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[487,678,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only two campaniform sensilla (M-2-T, M-3-T) on the anterior margin of the metathorax, D-7-I situated anteriorly, about 1/2 way between D-5-I and D-2-I (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFF6719E24C76E614" box="[159,262,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
|
||||
, but see taxonomic discussion) and the dorsal apotome relatively narrow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFBC719E249EBE614" box="[1087,1179,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
M-N; compared to
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFA8819E24DBCE631" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 20O</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303DFF3F1E2A4F5BE064" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303DFF3F1E2A4F5BE064" blockId="74.[151,1437,943,2013]" lastBlockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFF3F1E2A4CFAE65C" bold="true" box="[199,394,1087,1112]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD64303CFDBD1E2A4F9DE653" box="[581,749,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="4.47" metricValueMin="2.59" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="3.53" valueMax="4.47" valueMin="2.59">2.59–4.47 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCC41E714EDCE679" box="[828,940,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC401E714E9BE679" box="[952,1003,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna tear posterolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE7D1E924C85E6A4" box="[389,501,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFDF81E924F42E6A4" box="[512,562,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">79E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFC721E924EBAE6A4" bold="true" box="[906,970,1159,1184]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB611E924843E6A4" box="[1177,1331,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 20M–N</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFA971EB94DB3E6EC" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB0E1EDA482AE6EC" box="[1270,1370,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCAF1F024ECEE734" box="[855,958,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 37D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFA9C1F294D82E77C" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 20M–N</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE3F1F914F5AE799" box="[455,554,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC9F1F914EBAE799" box="[871,970,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFB4B1F91487CE799" bold="true" box="[1203,1292,1412,1437]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFEE91FB24C05E7C4" box="[273,373,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, with or without slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFADA1FD948E0E7E1" box="[1314,1424,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE8D1FFA4F7FE40C" box="[373,527,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 45A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.59–7.65, elongate, slender, gradually somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface smooth, with moderately elongate pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, plain or partly annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, remainder with wrinkles; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB321C6A4844E49C" box="[1226,1332,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 37D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB921CB149BEE4B9" box="[1130,1230,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC281CD24948E4E4" box="[976,1080,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 37D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFBC11CF949D1E501" box="[1081,1185,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg slightly to moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally, small ventral lobe; sensilla: anteromedials—1 elongate or 2 short setae; anterolaterals—1 short seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB0D1D214829E549" box="[1269,1369,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 30G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D- 1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like, D-4-T seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T lateral to slightly posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB061D694819E591" box="[1278,1385,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFC801DB54E9CE5BD" bold="true" box="[888,1004,1952,1977]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation very light brown or just indicated by bare patches, tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites not pigmented or sternites 3–7 with bare median patch; anterolateral areas not evident, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed or bifid, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFEC11B114CDDE319" box="[313,429,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 75C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFC521B324966E344" box="[938,1046,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7–8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFEE01B7A4C09E38C" box="[280,377,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 63B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV peg-like seta, D-3-IV seta, D-2-IV on bifid tubercle, D-3-IV on short tubercle; D-5- IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on single bifid tubercle or separate but closely approximated, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5- IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on elongate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on bifid tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFB461831486FE039" box="[1214,1311,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 75C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D- 5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFF3F187949A8E0C9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F187949A8E0C9" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF3F18794F15E081" bold="true" box="[199,613,620,645]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFD0418794E07E081" box="[764,887,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFD0418794E07E081" box="[764,887,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 40 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFED9189A4CB4E0AC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[289,452,655,680]" genus="Borkent" pageId="75" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFED9189A4CB4E0AC" author="Borkent" box="[289,452,655,680]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures are known from the margins of streams, fens, seepage area into a lake, muddy margins of rice paddies, and rock pools (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFD4B18A14EA3E0C9" author="de Meillon & Wirth" box="[691,979,692,717]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="27 - 147" refId="ref181099" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1991) The genera and subgenera (excluding Culicoides) of the Afrotropical Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 32, 27 - 147." type="journal article" year="1991">de Meillon & Wirth 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFC2718A149BBE0C9" author="Knausenberger" box="[991,1227,692,717]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFF3F18C2491AE6EC" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F18C24EC2E13C" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF3F18C24F5CE0F4" bold="true" box="[199,556,727,752]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are seven species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC9318C24E96E0F4" box="[875,998,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFC9318C24E96E0F4" box="[875,998,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD65303DFB4918C24841E0F4" box="[1201,1329,727,752]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFABD18C24C3BE111" author="Spinelli & Duret" firstAuthor="Spinelli" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref195882" refString="Spinelli, G. R. & Duret, J. P. (1993) Las especies neotropicales de Clinohelea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Graellsia, 49, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="1993">Spinelli & Duret (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
included the differences between the two Neotropical species known in their key to the adults.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFF6F190A4C90E13C" author="Elson-Harris & Kettle" box="[151,480,799,824]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref182490" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1986) The immature stages of some Australian Heteromyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 25, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1986. tb 01059. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Elson-Harris & Kettle (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
keyed the two known Australian species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F19514F20E60B" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFF3F19514CA5E159" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[199,469,836,861]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref184760" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1979) The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 8, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1979">Wirth & Grogan (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrated the dorsal apotome of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCAE19514E86E159" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[854,1014,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFCAE19514E86E159" box="[854,1014,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. bimaculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with an excavated dorsal margin but reexamination of this species indicates that this was likely based on a damaged or misdrawn specimen.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFAAB19724CD0E1A1" author="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref182490" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1986) The immature stages of some Australian Heteromyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 25, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1986. tb 01059. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Elson-Harris & Kettle (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrated abdominal segment 4 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCBC19994ED6E1A1" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[836,934,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dryas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFCBC19994ED6E1A1" box="[836,934,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. dryas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with D-7-IV in a posterior position, which would be unique within a broader group, including the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCD519BA4EB2E1CC" box="[813,962,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC1219BA49F1E1CC" box="[1002,1153,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFB7519A449BFE1CC" box="[1165,1231,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFB0F19BA48F0E1CC" box="[1271,1408,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFF6F19C14C6CE1E9" box="[151,284,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see character 63); the species should be reexamined. They likely overlooked both D-4-IV and D-7-IV in their illustrations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE6F19ED4F39E60B" authorityName="Lee" authorityYear="1948" box="[407,585,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFE6F19ED4F39E60B" box="[407,585,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F1E09491AE6EC" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFF3F1E094CDEE631" author="Elson-Harris" box="[199,430,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
used the enlarged base upon which DA-1-H is situated (on the dorsal apotome) to distinguish Australian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE5E1E2A4F4FE65C" box="[422,575,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Within this region (and elsewhere), the feature does not characterize
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFF6F1E714C49E679" box="[151,313,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF6F1E714C49E679" box="[151,313,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Pellucidomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and therefore is not inclusive. The base is large and swollen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFBD21E7149D5E679" box="[1066,1189,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFBD21E7149D5E679" box="[1066,1189,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFB4F1E714823E679" box="[1207,1363,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 20M–N</figureCitation>
|
||||
) but I could not consistently use this feature to distinguish this genus from some
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC111E9249F0E6A4" box="[1001,1152,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFB7F1E9C49B6E6A4" box="[1159,1222,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
(e.g.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFAF01E9248FFE6A4" box="[1288,1423,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 21D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The strongly tapering dorsal portion of the dorsal apotome of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC9E1EB94E91E6C1" box="[870,993,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFC9E1EB94E91E6C1" box="[870,993,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pointed out by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFB641EB9480FE6C1" author="Elson-Harris" box="[1180,1407,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is distinctive within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE721EDA4F6FE6EC" box="[394,543,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFDC61EDA4FA5E6EC" box="[574,725,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFD231EC44E69E6EC" box="[731,793,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCCE1EDA4ECFE6EC" box="[822,959,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC251EDA4916E6EC" box="[989,1126,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFF3F1EE14873E799" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F1EE14873E799" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF3F1EE14F72E709" bold="true" box="[199,514,1268,1293]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFDEA1EE14FC1E709" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[530,689,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFDEA1EE14FC1E709" box="[530,689,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. bimaculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Spruce Knob Lane, Randolph County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD65303DFAC21EE148E8E709" box="[1338,1432,1268,1293]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFF6F1F024DA2E734" box="[151,210,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFF251F024C1AE734" box="[221,362,1303,1328]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1976-07-21">21-VII-1976</date>
|
||||
(VPIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE291F0D4F4EE72B" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[465,574,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curriei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFE291F0D4F4EE72B" box="[465,574,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. curriei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin),
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD65303DFBA41F0249E6E734" box="[1116,1174,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
E of Salmon Arm, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFF6F1F294D9EE751" box="[151,238,1340,1365]" name="Canada" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFF011F294C1FE751" box="[249,367,1340,1365]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1990-06-06">6-VI-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE211F294F28E751" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1944" box="[473,600,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horacioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFE211F294F28E751" box="[473,600,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. horacioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Pipeline Road, Gamboa, Canal Zone,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFB351F294859E757" box="[1229,1321,1340,1363]" name="Panama" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFACC1F2948ECE751" box="[1332,1436,1340,1365]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1967-07">VII-1967</date>
|
||||
(MLPA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFEF01F754CFAE773" authorityName="Macfie" authorityYear="1939" box="[264,394,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFEF01F754CFAE773" box="[264,394,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Pipeline Road, Gamboa, Canal Zone,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFBD71F7549FBE773" box="[1071,1163,1376,1399]" name="Panama" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFB621F4A4873E77C" box="[1178,1283,1375,1400]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1967-07">VII-1967</date>
|
||||
(MPLA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFA7A1F754C53E799" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unimaculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFA7A1F754C53E799" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. unimaculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Severskii Donets River,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD65303DFCF91F914EBDE799" box="[769,973,1412,1437]" country="Ukraine" name="Donets'k" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Donetsk Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFC2F1F914944E799" box="[983,1076,1412,1437]" name="Ukraine" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFBC71F9149C3E799" box="[1087,1203,1412,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1970-04-02">2-IV-1970</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
250
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD65303AFD401FFA4935E4E4.xml
Normal file
250
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD65303AFD401FFA4935E4E4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
|
|||
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|
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||||
<mods:title id="C7E432ECA00FA76AC8D9290556EA82B8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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|
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<mods:date id="C000490295F0FA57FB5E94F60DFCA940">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="44827270CE988EFDB3A94845BBDD4E55" type="pubDate">
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|
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|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD65303AFD401FFA4935E4E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593013" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593013" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD65303AFD401FFA4935E4E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD65303AFD401FFA4935E4E4" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFD401FFA4E0AE40E" box="[696,890,1519,1546]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFD401FFA4E0AE40E" blockId="75.[438,1149,1519,1581]" box="[696,890,1519,1546]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFD401FFA4E0AE40E" ID-CoL="62V56" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[696,890,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFD401FFA4E0AE40E" bold="true" box="[696,890,1519,1546]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFD401FFA4E36E40D" bold="true" box="[696,838,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Heteromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
Say
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFE4E1C01490DE429" box="[438,1149,1556,1581]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFE4E1C01490DE429" blockId="75.[438,1149,1519,1581]" box="[438,1149,1556,1581]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFE461C014F3FE429" box="[446,591,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 16D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFDA31C014FFEE429" box="[603,654,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">20O</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFD611C014FBAE429" box="[665,714,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">26C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFD2D1C014E78E429" box="[725,776,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">30H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFCEC1C014E34E429" box="[788,836,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">37E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFCB71C014ED3E429" box="[847,931,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">45C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFC561C014EADE429" box="[942,989,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">50E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFC111C01496AE429" box="[1001,1050,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">63C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFBDE1C014905E429" box="[1062,1141,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">75D–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFF6F1C4949A1E4B9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF6F1C4949A1E4B9" blockId="75.[151,1437,1628,2013]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF6F1C494C44E471" bold="true" box="[151,308,1628,1653]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE091C494FC0E471" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[497,688,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with only one campaniform sensillum (DA-2-H) on the dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFEFE1C6A4C1EE49C" box="[262,366,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 20O</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the metathorax with only two campaniform sensilla (M-2-T, M-3-T) on the anterior margin of the metathorax and with a long slender terminal process, lacking an elongate seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFBCB1CB149B5E4B9" box="[1075,1221,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 75D–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303AFF3F1CD24E80E6EC" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303AFF3F1CD24E80E6EC" blockId="75.[151,1437,1628,2013]" lastBlockId="76.[151,1437,151,1760]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF3F1CD24CFAE4E4" bold="true" box="[199,394,1735,1760]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD65303DFDBD1CD24F9DE4DB" box="[581,749,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.22" metricValueMax="7.13" metricValueMin="5.31" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="6.22" valueMax="7.13" valueMin="5.31">5.31–7.13 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFCC21CF94EEEE501" box="[826,926,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||||
, as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFC1D1CF9493BE501" box="[997,1099,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, with narrow connection between face and base of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFC201D1A491FE52C" box="[984,1135,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 16D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFB791D1A49C6E52C" box="[1153,1206,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">79G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFEE81D214C20E549" bold="true" box="[272,336,1844,1869]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFDE71D214FF7E549" box="[543,647,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 20O</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFD471D424E53E574" box="[703,803,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFDB01D694FDFE591" box="[584,687,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFAD51DB548E4E5BD" box="[1325,1428,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 37E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFEDB1A824CE4E2B4" box="[291,404,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 20O</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short to moderate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFCB71AA94EC6E2D1" box="[847,950,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFAF91AA94818E2D1" box="[1281,1384,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 elongate setae, 0–1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFD5D1ACA4F8EE2FC" bold="true" box="[677,766,223,248]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFBD81ACA49FAE2FC" box="[1056,1162,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum without or with 1 spinous tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFD0A1B324E2CE344" box="[754,860,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 50E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFBB31B324990E344" box="[1099,1248,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figs. 45C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.12–5.90, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface with or without some wrinkles, with short to moderately elongate pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, remainder with wrinkles to near apex; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFEDB1BC94CF6E3F1" box="[291,390,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 37E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFEFF1BEA4C1DE01C" box="[263,365,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFA971BEA4DB5E039" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 37E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFF1818524C39E064" box="[224,329,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally in male, ventral to apex of midleg in female; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short, 1 long seta; anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFD0A189A4E2AE0AC" box="[754,858,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 30H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like or elongate setae, D-4-T seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum or D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T all elongate, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to slightly posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFF6718E94C74E111" box="[159,260,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 50E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1-2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFBCF18E949DBE111" bold="true" box="[1079,1195,764,789]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots (fused in some), tergites 2-7 with medial area with stripe, 2 spots, anterolateral spots, sternites 3-7 with medial, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peglike or thin to thick setae, with pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFDAA19994F93E1A1" box="[594,739,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figs. 75D–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, elongate, slender, tapering to pointed, hooked apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFA9619BA4DB5E1E9" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 50E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFD8E19E24FAAE614" box="[630,730,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 63C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV peg-like seta, D-3-IV seta, on short tubercles; D-5- IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV short setae, D-9-IV moderately elongate seta; D-5-IV on short tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated short tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short tooth on pointed tubercle, just anterior of L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV moderately elongate seta, on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6- IV, V-7-IV on pointed tubercles; V-5-IV, V-6-IV closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1- VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFEAF1EDA4CC2E6EC" box="[343,434,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figs. 75</figureCitation>
|
||||
D-F)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD62303AFF3F1EE14CDEE799" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD62303AFF3F1EE14CDEE799" blockId="76.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFF3F1EE14F15E709" bold="true" box="[199,613,1268,1293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFD041EE04E0FE708" box="[764,895,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFD041EE04E0FE708" box="[764,895,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Heteromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 13 species in the New World (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFF661F024C30E734" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[158,320,1303,1328]" genus="Borkent" pageId="76" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD62303AFF661F024C30E734" author="Borkent" box="[158,320,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been found in semi-aquatic or aquatic vegetation, with rearings from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFADE1F0248ECE734" box="[1318,1436,1303,1328]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFADE1F0248ECE734" box="[1318,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFF301F294C45E751" box="[200,309,1340,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cabombaceae" genus="Cabomba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFF301F294C45E751" box="[200,309,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cabomba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD62303AFEBC1F294F30E751" author="Knausenberger" box="[324,576,1340,1365]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provides further details of habitats, including swamps and stream and river margins. Adults have been collected from bogs, fens and, in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD62303AFC9F1F754EB3E773" box="[871,963,1376,1399]" name="Panama" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, a hotspring with abundant wet soil and vegetation on its margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD62303AFF3F1FB24F9EE471" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD62303AFF3F1FB248FEE429" blockId="76.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFF3F1FB24F5BE7C4" bold="true" box="[199,555,1447,1472]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFD011FBD4E0CE7BB" box="[761,892,1448,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFD011FBD4E0CE7BB" box="[761,892,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Heteromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD62303AFB881FB2499FE7C4" box="[1136,1263,1447,1472]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The elongate, slender terminal process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFE281FD94F17E7E1" box="[464,615,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figs. 75D–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is distinctive in the group
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFC341FD94911E7E1" box="[972,1121,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFB681FD94857E7E1" box="[1168,1319,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFACF1FD8480DE7E1" box="[1335,1405,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFF6F1FFA4C50E40C" box="[151,288,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFEC51FFA4CB2E40C" box="[317,450,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
except for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFDB81FFA4FD2E40C" box="[576,674,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFDB81FFA4FD2E40C" box="[576,674,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Dibezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFD4A1FFA4E7CE40C" box="[690,780,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 75I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) which has an associated elongate seta (D-5-IX) and some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFEF51C004C26E428" box="[269,342,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFEF51C004C26E428" box="[269,342,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Bezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFE9D1C014CB8E429" box="[357,456,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 77E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) which have two or more campaniform sensilla on the dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD62303AFB151C0148F2E429" box="[1261,1410,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figs. 22C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD62303AFF3F1C224F9EE471" blockId="76.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD62303AFF3F1C224CA0E454" author="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W." box="[199,464,1591,1616]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="49 - 83" refId="ref184669" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1977 a) A revision of the Nearctic species of Parabezzia Malloch (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 50, 49 - 83." type="journal article" year="1977">Wirth & Grogan (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrated the dorsal apotome of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFCB01C2C4EDBE454" box="[840,939,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wokei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFCB01C2C4EDBE454" box="[840,939,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">H. wokei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with two setae but reexamination shows the presence of one seta and one campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD62303AFF3F1C6A4935E4E4" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD62303AFF3F1C6A4935E4E4" blockId="76.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFF3F1C6A4F71E49C" bold="true" box="[199,513,1663,1688]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFDE91C944FF6E49C" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1900" box="[529,646,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFDE91C944FF6E49C" box="[529,646,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">H. clavata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Juan Mina Station, Canal Zone,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD62303AFB471C95486BE493" box="[1215,1307,1664,1687]" name="Panama" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD62303AFADE1C6A48ECE49C" box="[1318,1436,1663,1688]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="1939-06-03">3-VI-1939</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFEF41CB04C01E4B8" box="[268,369,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFEF41CB04C01E4B8" box="[268,369,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">H. pratti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Rescue Center, Prince George’s County, Maryland,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD62303AFAE01CB148ECE4B9" box="[1304,1436,1700,1725]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="1977-06-13">13-VI-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD62303AFEF01CDC4C1CE4E4" box="[264,364,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wokei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD62303AFEF01CDC4C1CE4E4" box="[264,364,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">H. wokei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae, Bluefields,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD62303AFD431CD24E41E4E4" box="[699,817,1735,1760]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD62303AFCC41CD24EA3E4E4" box="[828,979,1735,1760]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="1943-08-25">25-VIII-1943</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
249
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249
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD67303CFD6618314C72E0AC.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD67303CFD6618314C72E0AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593009" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD67303CFD6618314C72E0AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD67303CFD6618314C72E0AC" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD67303FFD6618314EE4E03A" box="[670,916,548,574]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD67303FFD6618314EE4E03A" blockId="73.[498,1088,548,607]" box="[670,916,548,574]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFD6618314EE4E03A" ID-CoL="49KB" ID-ENA="1874486" authority="Macfie" authorityName="Macfie" box="[670,916,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFD6618314EE4E03A" bold="true" box="[670,916,548,574]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFD6618314E47E03A" bold="true" box="[670,823,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Echinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Macfie
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD67303FFE0A18534930E05B" box="[498,1088,582,607]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD67303FFE0A18534930E05B" blockId="73.[498,1088,548,607]" box="[498,1088,582,607]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFE0318534F29E05B" box="[507,601,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFD9C18534FE7E05B" box="[612,663,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">26A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFD5A18534FBEE05B" box="[674,718,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">30F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFD2118534E7CE05B" box="[729,780,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">31K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFCEF18534E39E05B" box="[791,841,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">37C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFCAC18534EF2E05B" box="[852,898,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">44T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC7518534ECEE05B" box="[909,958,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">50C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC3218534E8CE05B" box="[970,1020,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">63A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFBF018534947E05B" box="[1032,1079,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">75B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD67303FFF6F189B4ED9E0CF" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD67303FFF6F189B4ED9E0CF" blockId="73.[151,1437,654,2011]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFF6F189B4C44E0A3" bold="true" box="[151,308,654,679]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFE26189B4FEDE0A3" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[478,669,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with abdominal segment 4 with only two lateral sensilla (L-2-IV, L- 3-IV) and with most sensilla at the bases of bifid tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFCCB18A74EECE0CF" box="[819,924,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 63A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD67303FFF3F18C34EBAE597" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD67303FFF3F18C34EBAE597" blockId="73.[151,1437,654,2011]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFF3F18C34CFAE0EB" bold="true" box="[199,394,726,751]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD67303FFDA018C34FB6E0EA" box="[600,710,726,751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.91" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="2.91">2.91 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC4918EF4950E117" box="[945,1056,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFBD318EF492EE117" box="[1067,1118,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear uncertain but not around base of antenna; at least medial to antennal base (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC8E190B4E95E133" box="[886,997,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC08190B4955E133" box="[1008,1061,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">79D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFBCF190B4907E133" bold="true" box="[1079,1143,798,823]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome missing; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFDDB19574FF7E15F" box="[547,647,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side uncertain in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFA9719574DB8E17B" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC32199F4942E1A7" box="[970,1074,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 37C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFF6719C74D82E1EF" box="[159,242,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—uncertain; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeallabrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFF0B19E34C2EE60B" box="[243,350,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 small seta; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFD8519E34F98E60B" box="[637,744,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFBC419E349E5E60B" bold="true" box="[1084,1173,1014,1039]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFF671E0F4C78E637" box="[159,264,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, extending posteriorly but medial division of metathorax uncertain (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFCDF1E2B4EE1E653" box="[807,913,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 50C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFB851E2B4992E653" box="[1149,1250,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 44T</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 4.71, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened, at least apically (perhaps more), with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface smooth, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, surface smooth; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFD011EDB4E11E6E3" box="[761,865,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 37C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with apical tubercle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC3C1EE7495DE70F" box="[964,1069,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) narrowly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFCCB1F034EE7E72B" box="[819,919,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 37C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC2F1F2F494EE757" box="[983,1086,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg slightly anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFDF41F974F05E79F" box="[524,629,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 31K</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFB191F974835E79F" box="[1249,1349,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 30F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1- T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T posteromedial to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFBF21FDF4900E7E7" box="[1034,1136,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 50C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta on one side only, 2 campaniform sensilla on both sides; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFBD11FFB49EDE403" bold="true" box="[1065,1181,1518,1543]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to bilobed, short to somewhat elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFEAC1C4F4CC8E477" box="[340,440,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 75B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFC7B1C6B4E98E493" box="[899,1000,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 50C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFA971CB74DB7E4DB" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 63A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV short seta on bifid tubercle; D-3-IV moderately elongate seta without tubercle; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D- 9-IV short setae; at base on bifid, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV situated anterorlaterally near D-3-IV; L-1-IV absent, L-2-IV, L-3-IV short setae each at base of bifid tubercle, L-4-IV absent, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae, at base of bifid, slender tubercles, V-6-IV, V-7-IV closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1- VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD67303FFEAF1D6F4CC8E597" box="[343,440,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 75B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD67303CFF3F1D8B4F9AE361" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD67303CFF3F1D8B4F9AE361" blockId="73.[151,1437,654,2011]" lastBlockId="74.[151,1436,151,680]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFF3F1D8B4F14E5B3" bold="true" box="[199,612,1950,1975]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFD021D8B4EF6E5B3" box="[762,902,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFD021D8B4EF6E5B3" box="[762,902,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Echinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 27 species from nearly every Region worldwide but is absent from the Palaearctic Region (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD67303FFCB61DD74E9FE5DF" author="Borkent" box="[846,1007,1986,2011]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). An unpublished record from Borneo is known (pers. obs.). The only known immature, the pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFCB31A8C4ED2E2B4" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1951" box="[843,930,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFCB31A8C4ED2E2B4" box="[843,930,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. lanei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described here, was collected from Flanders,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD64303CFF6F1AA94C7EE2D1" box="[151,270,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD64303CFEE21AA94C26E2D1" box="[282,342,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. The Flanders Pond site was scrubby red maple growth flooded with a few inches of clear water (Hugo Jamnback, pers. comm.).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD64303CFDFB1ACA4FD8E2FC" author="Grogan, W. L." box="[515,680,223,248]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="231" refId="ref184405" refString="Grogan, W. L. (1975) The larval habitat of Echinohelea lanei Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Mosquito News, 35, 231." type="journal article" year="1975">Grogan (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported a reared specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFBF81AF44927E2FC" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1951" box="[1024,1111,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFBF81AF44927E2FC" box="[1024,1111,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. lanei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collected from under bark of a rotting log in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD64303CFEAF1B114CB7E319" box="[343,455,260,285]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD64303CFE2E1B114F7EE319" box="[470,526,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD64303CFDB61B114E3EE319" author="Knausenberger" box="[590,846,260,285]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found this species in damp dark brown mud (his collection No. 29) in a roadside ditch in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD64303CFD891B324FBFE344" box="[625,719,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD64303CFD251B324E69E344" box="[733,793,295,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD64303CFCDE1B3D4916E344" author="De Meillon & Wirth" box="[806,1126,295,320]" firstAuthor="De Meillon" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="27 - 147" refId="ref181099" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1991) The genera and subgenera (excluding Culicoides) of the Afrotropical Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 32, 27 - 147." type="journal article" year="1991">De Meillon & Wirth (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted two African species reared from wet soil and from mud at a pond margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFF3F1B7A49EDE064" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFF3F1B7A4955E3F1" blockId="74.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFF3F1B7A4F5BE38C" bold="true" box="[199,555,367,392]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only one moderately well preserved pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFBC81B7A49CCE38C" box="[1072,1212,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFBC81B7A49CCE38C" box="[1072,1212,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Echinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known, that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFA7C1B644DBFE3A9" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFA7C1B644DBFE3A9" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. lanei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD64303CFF261B814C2EE3A9" box="[222,350,404,429]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD64303CFE8A1B814F63E3A9" author="Wirth" box="[370,531,404,429]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="227 - 242" refId="ref199448" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1994 b) The western hemisphere species of the predaceous midge genus Echinohelea, with descriptions of six new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi, 8, 227 - 242." type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">Wirth (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided an earlier description. Details of the sensilla distribution of abdominal segment 4 differs here because the specimen was distorted by compression and is reconstructed here. The dorsal apotome of the specimen was not present and cannot, therefore, be characterized.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFF3F1BEA49EDE064" blockId="74.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD64303CFF3F1BEA4C18E01C" author="Wirth" box="[199,360,511,536]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="227 - 242" refId="ref199448" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1994 b) The western hemisphere species of the predaceous midge genus Echinohelea, with descriptions of six new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi, 8, 227 - 242." type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">Wirth (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted that the pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFD8B1BEA4F8FE01C" box="[627,767,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFD8B1BEA4F8FE01C" box="[627,767,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Echinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was similar to some
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFC0C1BEA49F9E01C" box="[1012,1161,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD64303CFAAB1BEA4CFFE039" author="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S." pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref182490" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1986) The immature stages of some Australian Heteromyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 25, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1986. tb 01059. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and this is reflected in the phylogenetic relationship supported here (and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD64303CFB0E183148E4E039" author="Borkent, A." box="[1270,1428,548,573]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref176931" refString="Borkent, A. (1995) Biting Midges in the Cretaceous Amber of North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 237 pp." type="book" year="1995">Borkent 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFF0318524CF7E064" box="[251,391,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFF0318524CF7E064" box="[251,391,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Echinohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFE4518524F22E064" box="[445,594,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFD8918524E77E064" box="[625,775,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFCF6185C4E3CE064" box="[782,844,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFC9218524E83E064" box="[874,1011,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFBE8185249E9E064" box="[1040,1177,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFF3F18794C72E0AC" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFF3F18794C72E0AC" blockId="74.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFF3F18794F72E081" bold="true" box="[199,514,620,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFDEA18794F1AE081" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1951" box="[530,618,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Echinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
|
||||
E.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFDCA18794F1AE081" box="[562,618,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">lanei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Flanders Pond, Flanders,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD64303CFBA4187949A3E081" box="[1116,1235,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD64303CFB271879486AE081" box="[1247,1306,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD64303CFADE187948ECE081" box="[1318,1436,620,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1963-06-04">4-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(NYSM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
227
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD683031FD6F18C24F43E60E.xml
Normal file
227
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD683031FD6F18C24F43E60E.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
|
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Borkent
|
||||
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|
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||||
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD683030FE1218EF4939E117" box="[490,1097,762,787]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD683030FE1218EF4939E117" blockId="70.[490,1097,727,787]" box="[490,1097,762,787]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FE0A18EF4F2DE117" box="[498,605,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figs. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FD9118EF4FE2E117" box="[617,658,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">20J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FD6518EF4FBDE117" box="[669,717,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">25G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FD2018EF4E7BE117" box="[728,779,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">30D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FCEF18EF4E3AE117" box="[791,842,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">37A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FCAD18EF4EF8E117" box="[853,904,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">44Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FC6B18EF4EB6E117" box="[915,966,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">50A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FC2918EF4974E117" box="[977,1028,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">62A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FBE818EF4931E117" box="[1040,1089,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">74K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD683030FF6F19574816E1A7" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD683030FF6F19574816E1A7" blockId="70.[151,1437,834,2004]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FF6F19574C44E15F" bold="true" box="[151,308,834,859]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FE1D19574FD4E15F" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[485,676,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the thorax and abdomen with moderately developed rounded tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FEE919734CF9E17B" box="[273,393,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figs. 30D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FE6319734CBDE17B" box="[411,461,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">62A</figureCitation>
|
||||
, as in 33A), with three ventral setae (V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV) on well-developed tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FEF3199F4C01E1A7" box="[267,369,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 62A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (not as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FE17199F4F24E1A7" box="[495,596,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 61A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and the respiratory organ with pores restricted to its apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FB09199F482AE1A7" box="[1265,1370,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 44Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD683031FF3F19BB4FA7E3AF" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD683031FF3F19BB4FA7E3AF" blockId="70.[151,1437,834,2004]" lastBlockId="71.[151,1437,151,1034]" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FF3F19BB4CFAE1C3" bold="true" box="[199,394,942,967]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD683030FDBD19BB4F9DE1C2" box="[581,749,942,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="2.57" valueMax="2.94" valueMin="2.2">2.20–2.94 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FC8D19C74EA5E1EF" box="[885,981,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||||
, as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FBE419C749F2E1EF" box="[1052,1154,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear extending into eye sheath (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FEA319E34CB9E60B" box="[347,457,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figs. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FE2119E34F79E60B" box="[473,521,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">79F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FDD819E34F10E60B" bold="true" box="[544,608,1014,1039]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FCC519E34ED0E60B" box="[829,928,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 20J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FBD41E0C49E2E636" box="[1068,1170,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FC3D1E28495CE652" box="[965,1068,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FDFA1E904F1AE69A" box="[514,618,1157,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to barely posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FB6B1EBD4981E6C5" box="[1171,1265,1192,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 20J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 very short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FEB41EE54CC1E70D" box="[332,433,1264,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 short, slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FCCC1EE54EECE70D" box="[820,924,1264,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FAC41EE548E5E70D" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,1264,1289]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FE641F014F72E729" box="[412,514,1300,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with welldeveloped moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, with slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FE6F1F4E4F74E770" box="[407,516,1371,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 50A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FD0E1F4E4E10E770" box="[758,864,1371,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 44Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.63–3.45, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with annulations to 3/4 length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FD241FFF4E33E407" box="[732,835,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FD231C1B4E33E423" box="[731,835,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FDAF1C244FB0E44E" box="[599,704,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FCFE1C404E1AE46A" box="[774,874,1621,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly ventral to, partially abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 very short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; anterolaterals—1 short seta (shagreen making it difficult to interpret if more); dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FD681CD54F8AE4DD" box="[656,762,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like setae, D-4-T seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T on single tubercle, D-5-T on separate tubercle, D-3-T posterior to D- 4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum (difficult to discern among shagreen); metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FB071D1D481AE525" box="[1279,1386,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 50A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FC4F1D39495BE541" bold="true" box="[951,1067,1836,1861]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FED91D824CFCE5B4" box="[289,396,1943,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 74K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD683030FC7A1DAE4E99E5D0" box="[898,1001,1979,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 50A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FF671AAE4C78E2D0" box="[159,264,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 62A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV peg-like seta, D-3-IV moderately elongate seta, D-2-IV on large tubercle, D-3-IV on short tubercle; D-5-IV, D-8-IV peg-like setae, D-9-IV short seta, D-7-IV absent or not visible among shagreen; D-5-IV, D-8-IV on elongate separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D- 5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on rounded tubercle just anterior to L-3-IV; L-2-IV; L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on rounded tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae, on rounded well-developed tubercles, V-6-IV, V-7-IV closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FA961B7B4DB7E3AF" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 74K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD693031FF3F1BA04921E012" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD693031FF3F1BA04921E012" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1034]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FF3F1BA04F13E3CA" bold="true" box="[199,611,437,462]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FD021BA04EF6E3CA" box="[762,902,437,462]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FD021BA04EF6E3CA" box="[762,902,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Atyphohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from one Nearctic species and one unnamed species from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD693031FE601BCC4C9AE3F6" box="[408,490,473,498]" name="Taiwan" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FE001BCC4FE7E3F6" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[504,663,473,498]" genus="Borkent" pageId="71" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD693031FE001BCC4FE7E3F6" author="Borkent" box="[504,663,473,498]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="137 - 160" refId="ref176964" refString="Borkent, A. (1998) A revision of Neurobezzia Wirth & Ratanaworabhan and Neurohelea Kieffer, with a description of a new genus and discussion of their phylogenetic relationships (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 137 - 160. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00258" type="journal article" year="1998">Borkent 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Adults are associated with smaller bodies of water, seeps, bogs, and small marshes. Pupae have been reared from a lake margin in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD693031FCB61BE84E89E012" box="[846,1017,509,534]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD693031FBFC1BE84921E012" box="[1028,1105,509,534]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD693031FF3F183448ECE1C7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD693031FF3F18344F30E0CC" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1034]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FF3F18344F5BE03E" bold="true" box="[199,555,545,570]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only one species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FCE718344EDBE03E" box="[799,939,545,570]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FCE718344EDBE03E" box="[799,939,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Atyphohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known as a pupa (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD693031FB6F18344860E03E" box="[1175,1296,545,570]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2-3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The fourth abdominal segment of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FE5818504F3AE058" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[416,586,581,604]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macroneura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FE5818504F3AE058" box="[416,586,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. macroneura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is illustrated without sensilla D-4-IV and D-7-IV but these campaniform sensilla (their form in other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FE36187D4FFFE085" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[462,655,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are likely present but hidden among the strong shagreen present over much of the abdomen of this species (in addition the limited material was rather dirty, further obscuring observation of campaniform sensilla).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD693031FF3F18C148ECE1C7" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1034]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
In nearly all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FEA018C64F6AE0E8" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[344,538,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the anteroventral margin of the wing forms a near right angle, with the margin completely or nearly perpendicular to the dorsal margin of the antenna. I found only two exceptions in the family. In the somewhat crushed specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FD92190E4E65E137" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[618,789,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macroneura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FD92190E4E65E137" box="[618,789,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. macroneura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
studied here, the angle appeared less abrupt and more rounded (the wing side of the angle was greater). However, I could not convince myself that it was not a product of distortion. Fresh material would be able to test this idea. If present, the feature would be nearly unique in the family. It was also present in an exuviae of one unnamed species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FC7019934969E19B" box="[904,1049,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FC7019934969E19B" box="[904,1049,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Jenkinshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(from Kruger N.P) which also had a greater angle, clearly an instance of homoplasy. Other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FCF019BF4EE8E1C7" box="[776,920,938,963]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FCF019BF4EE8E1C7" box="[776,920,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Jenkinshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
had a nearly right angle anteroventral margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD693031FF3F19D84F43E60E" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD693031FF3F19D84F43E60E" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1034]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FF3F19D84F71E1E2" bold="true" box="[199,513,973,998]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FDE819DB4FC7E1E2" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[528,695,974,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macroneura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FDE819DB4FC7E1E2" box="[528,695,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">A. macroneura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3 pupal exuviae, Highlands Lake Ravenel, Macon County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD693031FAA319D84D8AE60E" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD693031FEFD19E44C30E60E" box="[261,320,1009,1034]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD693031FEB319E44CBFE60E" box="[331,463,1009,1034]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986-06-10">10-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
452
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452
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FD581E484EE3E67C" ID-CoL="6DNR" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[672,915,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FD581E484E54E673" bold="true" box="[672,804,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
Malloch
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
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|
||||
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|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD693031FE911E9549BAE69D" box="[361,1226,1152,1177]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD693031FE911E9549BAE69D" blockId="71.[361,1226,1117,1177]" box="[361,1226,1152,1177]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FE891E954F74E69D" box="[369,516,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 16A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FDF71E954F12E69D" box="[527,610,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">20K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FD951E954FD0E69D" box="[621,672,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">25H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FD531E954FAAE69D" box="[683,730,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">30E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FD1E1E954E69E69D" box="[742,793,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FCDC1E954E25E69D" box="[804,853,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">37B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FC991E954EC0E69D" box="[865,944,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">44R–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FC431E954E9DE69D" box="[955,1005,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">50B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FC001E95493AE69D" box="[1016,1098,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">62B–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FBAD1E9549F5E69D" box="[1109,1157,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">74L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FB681E9549B2E69D" box="[1168,1218,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">75A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD693031FF6F1EDD492EE749" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD693031FF6F1EDD492EE749" blockId="71.[151,1437,1224,2005]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FF6F1EDD4C44E6E5" bold="true" box="[151,308,1224,1249]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FE151EDD4FDCE6E5" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[493,684,1224,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a well-developed prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FB321EDD4844E6E5" box="[1226,1332,1224,1249]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and the mesonotum with only 2 setae (D-1-T, D-2-T) and D-3-T (campaniform sensillum) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FBB41EF949C3E701" box="[1100,1203,1260,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Also, only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FF6F1F054C26E72D" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,342,1296,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a well-developed prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FC9C1F054EBBE72D" box="[868,971,1296,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and the abdominal segment 4 with 9-10 sensilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FF021F214C25E749" box="[250,341,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 62</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-C) (lacking D-3-IV, L-1-IV, L-4-IV, V-7-IV and, in some, D-9-IV).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD69303EFF3F1F4D4934E184" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD69303EFF3F1F4D4934E184" blockId="71.[151,1437,1224,2005]" lastBlockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FF3F1F4D4CFAE775" bold="true" box="[199,394,1368,1393]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD693031FDBD1F4D4F9DE774" box="[581,749,1368,1393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.045" metricValueMax="2.59" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="2.045" valueMax="2.59" valueMin="1.5">1.50–2.59 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FC641F694942E791" box="[924,1074,1404,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 16A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FBBA1F694907E791" box="[1090,1143,1404,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear medial to antennal base (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FE851FB54C9FE7BD" box="[381,495,1440,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FE031FB54F5DE7BD" box="[507,557,1440,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">79D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) or tearing into eye, either posteriorly or posterolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FB381FB54824E7BD" box="[1216,1364,1440,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 16A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FA981FB548E0E7BD" box="[1376,1424,1440,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">79F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FF6F1FD14DA7E7D9" bold="true" box="[151,215,1476,1501]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FE481FD14F36E7D9" box="[432,582,1476,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 20K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FD471FFD4E53E405" box="[703,803,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FDBF1C194FC0E421" box="[583,688,1548,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FB151C254821E44D" box="[1261,1361,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) equal to posterior to, posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FD891C6D4E7CE495" box="[625,780,1656,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 20K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 very short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum or 2 setae (only in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD693031FB5D1C884857E4B1" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1189,1319,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FB5D1C884857E4B1" box="[1189,1319,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">P. petiolata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); clypeallabrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FF0C1CD54C2BE4DD" box="[244,347,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—absent or 1 short peg; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FD161CD54E29E4DD" box="[750,857,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD693031FB481CD54879E4DD" bold="true" box="[1200,1289,1728,1753]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FEEB1CF14C0BE4F9" box="[275,379,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with or without welldeveloped moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, with or without slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FE0E1D394F2EE541" box="[502,606,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 50B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FCBE1D394EA5E541" box="[838,981,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 44R–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 1.95–2.82, short, squat, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with or without short, wide pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with annulations to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD693031FE781DA94C94E5D1" box="[384,484,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with apical tubercle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFE3E1A824F40E2B4" box="[454,560,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFEC61AA94CD2E2D1" box="[318,418,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing with abrupt angle or evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFD951ACA4FA6E2FC" box="[621,726,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg slightly to moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 very short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; anterolaterals—1 short seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFC7D1B324E99E344" box="[901,1001,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T peg-like setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-2-T, D-3-T on single tubercleor closely approximated tubercles; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFD761B7A4F83E38C" box="[654,755,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 50B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFEDC1B814CE8E3A9" bold="true" box="[292,408,404,429]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with 2 spots medially on tergites 1-7 or tergites 1-3 and fading posteriorly, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed or apically toothed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, not membranous or sternites 4-7 or 4-8 each with narrow membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFC341BEA4931E01C" box="[972,1089,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs. 74L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFBA91BEA49F3E01C" box="[1105,1155,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">75A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting nearly posteriorly to posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFD4C18524E6FE064" box="[692,799,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 50B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 5 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla or 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I present, D-3 absent, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L- 1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFEB0189A4CD3E0AC" box="[328,419,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs. 62</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-C)—D-2-IV peg-like seta on short to moderately elongate tubercle, D-3-IV absent; D-5- IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV (when present) short setae; only D-8-IV on short tubercle or D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9- IV on moderately elongate, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV or D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV absent, L-2-IV, L-3-IV short setae on pointed or toothed tubercles, L-4-IV absent, V-5-IV, V-6-IV short setae, V-5-IV without tubercle or on short toothed tubercle, V-6-IV on short toothed or pointed tubercle,V-7-IV absent; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFE7119724C88E184" box="[393,504,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs. 74L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFDFC19724F43E184" box="[516,563,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">75A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD66303EFF3F199948F2E614" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303EFF3F199948F2E614" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFF3F19994F16E1A1" bold="true" box="[199,614,908,933]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFD0719994E0DE1A1" box="[767,893,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFD0719994E0DE1A1" box="[767,893,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 40 species from nearly every Region worldwide but absent from most of the Palaearctic (only in north Africa) and the Australasian Region (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFF6619C14C31E1E9" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[158,321,980,1005]" genus="Borkent" pageId="72" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFF6619C14C31E1E9" author="Borkent" box="[158,321,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Pupae have been collected on the edges of streams, rivers and ponds.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFB8719C148ECE1E9" author="Grogan & Wirth" box="[1151,1436,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Grogan" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="49 - 83" refId="ref184669" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1977 a) A revision of the Nearctic species of Parabezzia Malloch (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 50, 49 - 83." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Grogan & Wirth (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFED419EC4CCFE614" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[300,447,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFED419EC4CCFE614" box="[300,447,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupae were the most common of all ceratopogonids at a lily pond in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD66303EFB3019E24848E614" box="[1224,1336,1015,1040]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD66303EFABA19E2480EE614" box="[1346,1406,1015,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD66303EFF3F1E094DDCE574" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303EFF3F1E094C8FE6A4" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFF3F1E094F5DE631" bold="true" box="[199,557,1052,1077]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are seven species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFC8D1E094E83E631" box="[885,1011,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFC8D1E094E83E631" box="[885,1011,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD66303EFB3C1E094835E631" box="[1220,1349,1052,1077]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). There are two quite different
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD66303EFE651E554CA8E65C" box="[413,472,1088,1112]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
of pupae in this genus. One has numbers of rounded tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFB4A1E2A4855E65C" box="[1202,1317,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFACA1E2A4814E65C" box="[1330,1380,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">62B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the other, called the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFEAB1E714CBBE679" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[339,459,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFEAB1E714CBBE679" box="[339,459,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group, has sharp tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD66303EFCF11E714E1FE679" box="[777,879,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="307.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,218,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-47@307.[184,1415,212,1951]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 62. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Parabezzia alexanderi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949272/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 62C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and abdominal sternites with membranous discs (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFF371E9C4C13E6A4" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[207,355,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFF371E9C4C13E6A4" box="[207,355,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFE891E9C4C9FE6A4" authorityName="Spinelli & Grogan" authorityYear="1987" box="[369,495,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balseiroi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFE891E9C4C9FE6A4" box="[369,495,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. balseiroi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303EFF3F1EB94EDBE709" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
All species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFE951EB94C9BE6C1" box="[365,491,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFE951EB94C9BE6C1" box="[365,491,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have reduced numbers of sensilla on every part of the body (see diagnosis). Some species have no clypeal-labral setae (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFDCD1EC44FDAE6EC" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1975" box="[565,682,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Forcipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bystraki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFDCD1EC44FDAE6EC" box="[565,682,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. bystraki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFD401EC44E67E6E3" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[696,791,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFD401EC44E67E6E3" box="[696,791,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. stagni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) while others have a single peg (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFB701EC44985E6EC" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1977" box="[1160,1269,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFB701EC44985E6EC" box="[1160,1269,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. huberti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFAFA1EC448E5E6EC" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[1282,1429,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFAFA1EC448E5E6EC" box="[1282,1429,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFF6F1EE04C7EE709" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,270,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="downesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFF6F1EE04C7EE709" box="[151,270,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. downesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFEE41EE04CEBE709" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[284,411,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFEE41EE04CEBE709" box="[284,411,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. petiolata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFE511EE04F57E709" authorityName="Spinelli & Grogan" authorityYear="1987" box="[425,551,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balseiroi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFE511EE04F57E709" box="[425,551,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. balseiroi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), a condition unique in the family.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303EFF3F1F024C92E773" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFF3F1F024CABE734" author="Grogan & Wirth" box="[199,475,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Grogan" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="49 - 83" refId="ref184669" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1977 a) A revision of the Nearctic species of Parabezzia Malloch (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 50, 49 - 83." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Grogan & Wirth (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a key to the pupae of the four Nearctic species known at that time and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFAA41F024C13E751" author="Wirth & Grogan" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref184806" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) A new genus of predaceous midges of the tribe Sphaeromiini from Thailand (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 23, 201 - 206." type="journal article" year="1981">Wirth & Grogan (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
included a key to three species at Plummer's Island,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD66303EFC101F294928E751" box="[1000,1112,1340,1365]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD66303EFB901F2949D3E751" box="[1128,1187,1340,1365]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, including the newly described pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFE9D1F744CAAE77C" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1975" box="[357,474,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Forcipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bystraki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFE9D1F744CAAE77C" box="[357,474,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. bystraki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303EFF3F1F9149D6E471" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFF3F1F914C11E799" author="Harris" box="[199,353,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFE661F914FF2E799" author="Elson-Harris" box="[414,642,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the pupa of "
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFC641F914929E79F" box="[924,1113,1412,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFC641F914940E79F" box="[924,1072,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD66303EFBC11F914929E79F" box="[1081,1113,1412,1435]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
n. 1" from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD66303EFB1E1F91483DE799" box="[1254,1357,1412,1437]" name="Australia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
which would fit the diagnosis and distinctive description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFCE81FB24EFEE7C4" box="[784,910,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFCE81FB24EFEE7C4" box="[784,910,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
here (the reared adult was not subsequently described). The described presence of eight sensilla on abdominal segment 4 (she likely missed the small campaniform sensilla D-4-IV and D-7-IV, hence a total of 10) is unique within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFB551FFA481DE40C" box="[1197,1389,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ceratopogoninae">Ceratopogoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFF6F1C014C65E429" box="[151,277,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFF6F1C014C65E429" box="[151,277,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, at present there are no
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFD561C014E5CE429" box="[686,812,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFD561C014E5CE429" box="[686,812,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
otherwise known from the Australasian Region. One potential candidate may be
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFE0C1C2C4FBEE454" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[500,718,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteroceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFE0C1C2C4FBEE454" box="[500,718,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Heteroceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a genus related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFC241C22492AE454" box="[988,1114,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFC241C22492AE454" box="[988,1114,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and present in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD66303EFAD61C2248E8E454" box="[1326,1432,1591,1616]" name="Australia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Unfortunately, the original material has been lost (Marlene Elson-Harris, pers. comm. 1993).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303EFF3F1C6A4CF1E4E4" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
If
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFF1C1C6A4C0EE49C" author="Harris" box="[228,382,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
correctly associated the larvae with the pupa and the above reidentification is correct, she provides the only larval description of a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFCD11CB14ED7E4B9" box="[809,935,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFCD11CB14ED7E4B9" box="[809,935,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(or the only known larva and pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFF6F1CDC4C01E4E4" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,369,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Heteroceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFF6F1CDC4C01E4E4" box="[151,369,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Heteroceratopogon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303EFF3F1CF94DDCE574" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD66303EFF3F1CF94C92E501" author="Grogan & Wirth" box="[199,482,1772,1797]" firstAuthor="Grogan" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="49 - 83" refId="ref184669" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1977 a) A revision of the Nearctic species of Parabezzia Malloch (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 50, 49 - 83." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Grogan & Wirth (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
illustrated the dorsal apotomes of species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFC1F1CF94915E501" box="[999,1125,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFC1F1CF94915E501" box="[999,1125,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with DA-2-H being a very short seta but reexamination of original material indicates that these are campaniform sensilla, as in nearly all other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFF6F1D214C2AE549" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,346,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Previous descriptions (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD66303EFD9D1D214FCBE549" box="[613,699,1844,1869]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionTargetBox="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
) missed D-7-IV (campaniform sensillum) on abdominal segment 4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD66303FFF3F1D694F9CE3D4" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD66303FFF3F1D694F9CE3D4" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFF3F1D694F73E591" bold="true" box="[199,515,1916,1941]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFDED1D684FDCE591" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[533,684,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFDED1D684FDCE591" box="[533,684,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Lakeland Pond, College Park, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD66303EFF011DB54C19E5BD" box="[249,361,1952,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD66303EFE801DB54CC3E5BD" box="[376,435,1952,1977]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD66303EFE3A1DB54F36E5BD" box="[450,582,1952,1977]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1975-06-11">11-VI-1975</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 3 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD66303EFB7C1DB5498CE5BD" box="[1156,1276,1952,1977]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1975-05-27">27-V-1975</date>
|
||||
(2 WLGC, 1 CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD66303EFD541DD14E54E5D9" box="[684,804,1988,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1975-05-30">30-V-1975</date>
|
||||
(1 USNM, 1 CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD66303EFBDF1DD049D8E5D9" authorityName="Spinelli & Grogan" authorityYear="1987" box="[1063,1192,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balseiroi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD66303EFBDF1DD049D8E5D9" box="[1063,1192,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. balseiroi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD67303FFF6F1A824C77E2B4" box="[151,263,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Santa Ana,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFE661A8D4F68E2B4" box="[414,536,151,176]" country="Argentina" name="Entre Rios" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Entre Rios</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFDDD1A824FE8E2B4" box="[549,664,151,176]" name="Argentina" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFD5B1A824E69E2B4" box="[675,793,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1984-11-09">9-XI-1984</date>
|
||||
(MLPA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFC761A8C4974E2B4" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1975" box="[910,1028,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Forcipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bystraki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFC761A8C4974E2B4" box="[910,1028,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P. bystraki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Rescue Center, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFD9F1AA94FA7E2D1" box="[615,727,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFD1C1AA94E6FE2D1" box="[740,799,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFCD31AA94EC9E2D1" box="[811,953,188,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1976-07-20">20-VII-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFBCC1AA849DEE2D1" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1965" box="[1076,1198,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="downesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFBCC1AA849DEE2D1" box="[1076,1198,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P. downesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 9 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD67303FFF6F1ACA4C77E2FC" box="[151,263,223,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Algonquin Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFE251ACA4F45E2FC" box="[477,565,223,248]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFDBA1ACA4FE9E2FC" box="[578,665,223,248]" name="Canada" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFD5D1ACA4E6BE2FC" box="[677,795,223,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1960-06-08">8-VI-1960</date>
|
||||
(3 CNCI, 6 USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFBEC1AF449DFE2FC" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1977" box="[1044,1199,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupetiolata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFBEC1AF449DFE2FC" box="[1044,1199,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P. eupetiolata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD67303FFF6F1B114D8CE319" box="[151,252,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD67303FFE001B114F26E319" box="[504,598,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Glenfield, Independence River, Lewis County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFB7C1B11498BE319" box="[1156,1275,260,285]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFAF01B114833E319" box="[1288,1347,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFAA81B114DBFE344" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1963-06-22">22-VI- 1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFEB21B3C4CC8E344" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1977" box="[330,440,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFEB21B3C4CC8E344" box="[330,440,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P. huberti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Rescue Center, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFAD01B3248E8E344" box="[1320,1432,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFF6F1B594DA2E361" box="[151,210,332,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFF251B594C1BE361" box="[221,363,332,357]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1977-07-20">20-VII-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 4 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD67303FFD301B594E48E361" box="[712,824,332,357]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Falls Church,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFC131B594939E361" box="[1003,1097,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFBAD1B5949E0E361" box="[1109,1168,332,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFB641B594859E361" box="[1180,1321,332,357]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1951-07-22">22-VII-1951</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD67303FFE761B7A4C8EE38C" box="[398,510,367,392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Mount Solon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFD3C1B7A4E52E38C" box="[708,802,367,392]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFCCB1B7A4EC2E38C" box="[819,946,367,392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1951-07-04">4-VII-1951</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD67303FFBCF1B6449ECE383" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[1079,1180,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFBCF1B6449ECE383" box="[1079,1180,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P. stagni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD67303FFF6F1B814D8DE3A9" box="[151,253,404,429]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Doornpan, Bulge River, North Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFD161B814EF2E3A9" box="[750,898,404,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFC761B814973E3A9" box="[910,1027,404,429]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1973-11-06">6-XI-1973</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD67303FFB861B8049FCE3A8" box="[1150,1164,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD67303FFA761B814DCBE3D4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
E of Dandy,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD67303FFEB71BAD4CC2E3CB" box="[335,434,440,463]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD67303FFE451BA24C88E3D4" box="[445,504,439,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD67303FFDFB1BA24FF8E3D4" box="[515,648,439,464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1986-06-25">25-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
431
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD6A3030FD5C19994F68E081.xml
Normal file
431
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD6A3030FD5C19994F68E081.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
|
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<document id="EA828AB81C5CD38A1009761FB009C776" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD6A3030FD5C19994F68E081" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Monohelea Kieffer" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="68174E26B46FA049EC4EE1EECF9E19F8">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="A702ABAD8CEB96B5A4430A522B37EDD5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD6A3030FD5C19994F68E081" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593001" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593001" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD6A3030FD5C19994F68E081" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD6A3030FD5C19994F68E081" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6A3032FD5C19994EFDE1A2" box="[676,909,908,934]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3032FD5C19994EFDE1A2" blockId="68.[516,1071,908,967]" box="[676,909,908,934]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FD5C19994EFDE1A2" ID-CoL="63CTL" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[676,909,908,934]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FD5C19994EFDE1A2" bold="true" box="[676,909,908,934]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FD5C19994E5DE1A2" bold="true" box="[676,813,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6A3032FDFC19BB495FE1C3" box="[516,1071,942,967]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3032FDFC19BB495FE1C3" blockId="68.[516,1071,908,967]" box="[516,1071,942,967]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FDF419BB4F03E1C3" box="[524,627,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 20I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FD8719BB4FDBE1C3" box="[639,683,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">25F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FD4E19BB4F97E1C3" box="[694,743,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">30C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FD0B19BB4E6FE1C3" box="[755,799,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">36F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FCD219BB4E25E1C3" box="[810,853,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">44P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FC9919BB4EFDE1C3" box="[865,909,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">49F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FC6019BB4E99E1C3" box="[920,1001,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">61B–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FC0D19BB4957E1C3" box="[1013,1063,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">74H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6A3032FF3F19E34947E653" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3032FF3F19E34947E653" blockId="68.[151,1437,1014,2011]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FF3F19E34C14E60B" bold="true" box="[199,356,1014,1039]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FDD819E34FAFE60B" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[544,735,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the mesonotum with at least one moderately elongate tubercle bearing some sensilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FE001E0F4F2FE637" box="[504,607,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with three ventral setae (V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV) on very short tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FF671E2B4D89E653" box="[159,249,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 61</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-C) and the respiratory organ with pores restricted to its apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FC3E1E2B495BE653" box="[966,1067,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 44P</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6A3033FF3F1E774EFDE0AC" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3033FF3F1E774EFDE0AC" blockId="68.[151,1437,1014,2011]" lastBlockId="69.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FF3F1E774CFAE67F" bold="true" box="[199,394,1122,1147]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6A3032FDBD1E774F9DE67E" box="[581,749,1122,1147]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.235" metricValueMax="2.38" metricValueMin="2.09" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="2.235" valueMax="2.38" valueMin="2.09">2.09–2.38 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FC441E93495EE69B" box="[956,1070,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FBC21E93491CE69B" box="[1082,1132,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear posterior to base of antenna or just medial to base (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FD4D1EBF4E5BE6C7" box="[693,811,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FCC31EBF4EE2E6C7" box="[827,914,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">79D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FB061EBF484EE6C7" bold="true" box="[1278,1342,1194,1219]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FEF61EDB4C02E6E3" box="[270,370,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 20I</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (probably as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FD6F1EE74F8CE70F" box="[663,764,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) probably fused to scutum (inadequate material available), each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FBCA1F0349EAE72B" box="[1074,1178,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible welldeveloped, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FD711F4B4F9CE773" box="[649,748,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 36F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FB931F9749BCE79F" box="[1131,1228,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 20I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 very short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FEAD1FDF4CB2E7E7" box="[341,450,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 slender seta; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FCEE1FDF4EF3E7E7" box="[790,899,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FAC41FDF48E5E7E7" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,1482,1507]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FE511FFB4F62E403" box="[425,530,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short to well-developed moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, with short protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FCE31C234EF5E44B" box="[795,901,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 49F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FB801C2349AEE44B" box="[1144,1246,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 44P</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.71–4.22, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row (but see taxonomic discussion), outer surface smooth, with moderately elongate, wide pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to basal third, distally smooth or with reticulations; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FE841CFF4CAEE507" box="[380,478,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 36F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with angle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FE5D1D1B4F7AE523" box="[421,522,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FF0B1D274C25E54F" box="[243,341,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 36F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FE661D434F76E56B" box="[414,518,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—absent (or perhaps very short among shagreen); anterolaterals—1 seta (shagreen making it difficult to interpret if more); dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FBAB1D8B49C8E5B3" box="[1107,1208,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D- 4-T very short setae, D-5-T either very short or a campaniform sensillum (difficult to discern difference), D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T on single well-developed tubercle; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6B3033FD511AA94E6AE2D1" box="[681,794,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 49F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 very small seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FC4F1ACA495BE2FC" bold="true" box="[951,1067,223,248]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded, very short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6B3033FED91B594CFCE361" box="[289,396,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 74H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6B3033FC7C1B7A4E96E38C" box="[900,998,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 49F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 6 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6B3033FF671BA24D88E3D4" box="[159,248,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs. 61</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-C)—D-2-IV peg-like seta, D-3-IV elongate seta, D-2-IV on short or elongate tubercle, D-3-IV on short tubercle; D-5-IV, D-8-IV peg-like setae, D-9-IV short seta, D-4-IV absent or not visible in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FB641BC84861E3F1" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[1180,1297,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FB641BC84861E3F1" box="[1180,1297,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; on short or large separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near L-1-IV; L-1-IV short seta, on rounded or elongate tubercle with L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3- IV, L-4-IV short setae without tubercles (or very short) or well-developed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae, on rounded tubercles, V-6-IV, V-7-IV closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6B3033FEE0189A4C0DE0AC" box="[280,381,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 74H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6B3033FF3F18A14C20E111" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6B3033FF3F18A14C20E111" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF3F18A14F14E0C9" bold="true" box="[199,612,692,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FD0318A14E09E0C9" box="[763,889,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FD0318A14E09E0C9" box="[763,889,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 88 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FEE518C24CCDE0F4" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,445,727,752]" genus="Borkent" pageId="69" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6B3033FEE518C24CCDE0F4" author="Borkent" box="[285,445,727,752]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been reared from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FCAA18C24EB8E0F4" box="[850,968,727,752]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FCAA18C24EB8E0F4" box="[850,968,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
moss from lake margins and a swamp, or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FF6F18E94C7DE111" box="[151,269,764,789]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF6F18E94C7DE111" box="[151,269,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bogs.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6B3030FF3F190A4D9AE01C" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6B3033FF3F190A4E51E1E9" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF3F190A4F5CE13C" bold="true" box="[199,556,799,824]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are only two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FC69190A497FE13C" box="[913,1039,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FC69190A497FE13C" box="[913,1039,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD6B3033FB24190A482CE13C" box="[1244,1372,799,824]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The species differ significantly in that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FDEB19504FF7E159" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[531,647,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FDEB19504FF7E159" box="[531,647,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has well-developed tubercles on the abdomen (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6B3033FB6419514872E159" box="[1180,1282,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 61C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), very similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FEFC19724CA9E17B" box="[260,473,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FEFC19724CA9E17B" box="[260,473,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Allohelea japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FDB2197C4FBAE184" box="[586,714,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FDB2197C4FBAE184" box="[586,714,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M. obscura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
these are very short. The pupal exuviae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FB4A197C4841E184" box="[1202,1329,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FB4A197C4841E184" box="[1202,1329,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M. obscura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was on a separate slide without an associated adult. It had been collected by H.A. Jamnback and was slide mounted by W.W. Wirth. Although likely correctly associated (Jamnback certainly had ample experience with rearing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FF6F19C14C2BE1E9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,347,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), there remains a question of its identity.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6B3033FF3F19E24F00E65C" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||||
The fourth abdominal segment of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FD9819EC4FAAE614" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[608,730,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FD9819EC4FAAE614" box="[608,730,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6B3033FD1719E24E29E614" box="[751,857,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 61C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is illustrated without sensillum D-4-IV but this sensillum coeloconica (in other ceratopogonids) is likely present but hidden among the strong shagreen present over much of the abdomen of this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6B3030FF3F1E714F0BE319" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="70.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6B3033FF3F1E714C2EE679" author="Harris" box="[199,350,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also described the pupae of three species she identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FC0C1E714902E679" box="[1012,1138,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FC0C1E714902E679" box="[1012,1138,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as sp. n. 1, sp. n. 2, sp. n. 3). Since then
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6B3033FEC01E924F31E6A4" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[312,577,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref199913" refString="Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L. (1988) The predaceous midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora and Fauna Handbook 4, xv + 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1988">Wirth & Grogan (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recognized the status of six genera formerly placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FB5E1E924854E6A4" box="[1190,1316,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FB5E1E924854E6A4" box="[1190,1316,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including four genera known from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6B3033FE4A1EB94F6DE6C1" box="[434,541,1196,1221]" name="Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FDD01EB94FD6E6C1" box="[552,678,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FDD01EB94FD6E6C1" box="[552,678,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FD4D1EB94E50E6C1" box="[693,800,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FD4D1EB94E50E6C1" box="[693,800,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FCD71EB94EC5E6C1" box="[815,949,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austrohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FCD71EB94EC5E6C1" box="[815,949,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Austrohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FC0C1EB949FBE6C1" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1012,1163,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Downeshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FC0C1EB949FBE6C1" box="[1012,1163,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Downeshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The reared adults were never described but
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6B3033FE821EDA4F3BE6EC" author="Harris" box="[378,587,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Harris" page="114" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981: 114)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted that "
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FD2C1EC44F9BE6EC" box="[724,747,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 2 (a 'picture wing' species) is definitely different from
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF6F1EE04DDEE708" box="[151,174,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 1 and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FEB81EE04C27E708" box="[320,343,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 2 [sic] (plain wing species) at the pupal stage". Because of this obvious error, it is uncertain which species of these three are actually "picture wing" (i.e. possibly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FC5F1F024955E734" box="[935,1061,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FC5F1F024955E734" box="[935,1061,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FBCB1F0249BAE734" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1075,1226,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Downeshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FBCB1F0249BAE734" box="[1075,1226,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Downeshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FB0F1F024812E734" box="[1271,1378,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FB0F1F024812E734" box="[1271,1378,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and which are most likely
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FE611F294F6FE751" box="[409,543,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austrohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FE611F294F6FE751" box="[409,543,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Austrohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(plain wing) as far as adult features are concerned (one possible exception is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FF6F1F4A4CBBE77C" authority="(Skuse)" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,459,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigrina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF6F1F4A4C19E773" box="[151,361,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea tigrina</emphasis>
|
||||
(Skuse)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, an Australian species with plain wings). However, named species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FB131F4A4801E77C" box="[1259,1393,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austrohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FB131F4A4801E77C" box="[1259,1393,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Austrohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known only from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6B3033FE911F914F45E799" box="[361,565,1412,1437]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6B3033FD881F914FAEE799" box="[624,734,1412,1437]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, while the material of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6B3033FC1F1F9149F1E799" author="Harris" box="[999,1153,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
came from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6B3033FAE91F9148E9E799" box="[1297,1433,1412,1437]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. Additionally, her pupal key on pg. 92 identifies the three species but within that key
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FB981FB24877E7BB" box="[1120,1287,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FB981FB249AEE7C4" box="[1120,1246,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6B3033FB1F1FBD4877E7BB" box="[1255,1287,1448,1471]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
n. 2 actually refers to
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF031FD84C62E7E0" box="[251,274,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n.
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6B3033FE9B1FD94CFEE7E1" box="[355,398,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||||
the text and figures and her keyed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FCE01FD94ECEE7E7" box="[792,958,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FCE01FD94EE6E7E1" box="[792,918,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6B3033FC651FD94ECEE7E7" box="[925,958,1484,1507]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
n. 1 actually refers to the texts and figures of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF441FE44DA3E40C" box="[188,211,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 2. In the current study, material from elsewhere was available for all these genera other than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FF6F1C014C5EE429" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,302,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Downeshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF6F1C014C5EE429" box="[151,302,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Downeshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Based on pupal features described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6B3033FD061C014EECE429" author="Harris" box="[766,924,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, all three would be members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FAE61C0148ECE429" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1310,1436,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FAE61C0148ECE429" box="[1310,1436,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the presence of L-1-IV directly dorsal to L-3-IV, a feature unique to this genus within this group of genera (but based on only two species) in its exact relative placement of these two sensilla (see character 65). In addition all three have a peg-like D-5-T on the mesothorax, a feature here recognized here as a synapomorphy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FF6F1CB14C53E4B9" box="[151,291,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FF6F1CB14C53E4B9" box="[151,291,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Atyphohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but not scorable with the material I examined of the closely related
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FBD11CB149D7E4B9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1065,1191,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FBD11CB149D7E4B9" box="[1065,1191,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because the presence of D-5-T was uncertain in the two species (and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD6B3033FD4E1CDD4E2FE4E4" box="[694,863,1735,1760]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
) available because of the small size of the sensilla amongst heavy shagreen, as well as poor perspective. However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FC681CF9497EE501" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[912,1038,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FC681CF9497EE501" box="[912,1038,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and related genera in the present scheme do not have a full complement of posterior dorsal sensilla illustrated as present in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FB7C1D0449EBE52C" box="[1156,1179,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 1 (D-4-IV, D-5- IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV) and the two species I examined have most sensilla on segment 4 as short pegs (in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FA851D2048E4E548" box="[1405,1428,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 1 only V-5-IV was apparently peg-like), making the generic identification of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FBBE1D4C492DE574" box="[1094,1117,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 1 uncertain. Both
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FA851D4C48E4E574" box="[1405,1428,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 2 and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FEDA1D684C49E590" box="[290,313,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp. n. 3 would fit the diagnosis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6B3033FD361D694E3CE591" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[718,844,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6B3033FD361D694E3CE591" box="[718,844,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as presented here. However, all three species had at least one extra, separate subapical pore on the respiratory organ that is not present in the two species I examined. Further to this, if two of these three species did have clear wings (but were correctly identified at the time in the broadly encompassing concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FDDA1A824FD0E2B4" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[546,672,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FDDA1A824FD0E2B4" box="[546,672,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), they could only belong to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FC171A824905E2B4" box="[1007,1141,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austrohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FC171A824905E2B4" box="[1007,1141,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Austrohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a genus here considered more distantly related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FE4A1AA94F40E2D1" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[434,560,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FE4A1AA94F40E2D1" box="[434,560,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and without L-1-IV directly dorsal to L-3-IV for the one species I examined. Unfortunately, the location of the material described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD683030FCE61ACA4EC7E2FC" author="Harris" box="[798,951,223,248]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is uncertain and could not be reexamined (Marlene Elson-Harris, pers. comm. 1993).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD683030FF3F1B324F1EE38C" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
The respiratory organ of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FE271B3C4F24E344" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[479,596,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FE271B3C4F24E344" box="[479,596,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">M. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was drawn by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD683030FD071B32497AE344" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[767,1034,295,320]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref184806" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) A new genus of predaceous midges of the tribe Sphaeromiini from Thailand (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 23, 201 - 206." type="journal article" year="1981">Wirth & Grogan (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
with an apparent longitudinal ridge or thickening but examination of the original material indicated that this was actually a flattened, possibly partially collapsed portion of the respiratory organ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD683030FF3F1B814D9AE01C" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
The pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FE981B814F44E3A9" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[352,564,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FE981B814F44E3A9" box="[352,564,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Monohelea hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FDB91B814FDCE3A9" box="[577,684,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FDB91B814FDCE3A9" box="[577,684,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, some
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FD041B814E0AE3A9" box="[764,890,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FD041B814E0AE3A9" box="[764,890,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FC571B81494BE3A9" box="[943,1083,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FC571B81494BE3A9" box="[943,1083,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Atyphohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are similar to one another, with pronounced tubercles on the thorax and abdomen. However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FCA81BA24EBEE3D4" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[848,974,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FCA81BA24EBEE3D4" box="[848,974,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Monohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have L-3-IV ventral to L-1-IV, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FF6F1BC94C73E3F1" box="[151,259,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FF6F1BC94C73E3F1" box="[151,259,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FEC21BC94CB6E3F1" box="[314,454,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atyphohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FEC21BC94CB6E3F1" box="[314,454,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Atyphohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L-1-IV is further anterior than any of the other lateral sensilla.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FB6D1BC94863E3F1" box="[1173,1299,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Parabezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FB6D1BC94863E3F1" box="[1173,1299,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parabezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are missing L-1-IV.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD683030FF3F18314F68E081" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD683030FF3F18314F68E081" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FF3F18314F76E039" bold="true" box="[199,518,548,573]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FDE218304FE3E039" authorityName="Wirth & Grogan" authorityYear="1981" box="[538,659,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Monohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FDE218304FE3E039" box="[538,659,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">M. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD683030FC6418314972E039" box="[924,1026,548,573]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Prince George County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD683030FEA918524CB0E064" box="[337,448,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD683030FE3518524F78E064" box="[461,520,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD683030FDED18524FEDE064" box="[533,669,583,608]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1977-08-02">2-VIII-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD683030FCE1185C4EE9E064" box="[793,921,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD683030FCE1185C4EE9E064" box="[793,921,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">M. obscura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Mountain Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD683030FA9F185D4DA1E081" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD683030FF2418794C67E081" box="[220,279,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD683030FEDA18794CD6E081" box="[290,422,620,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1958-06-10">10-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(NYSM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
268
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD6C3035FD511A824F24E064.xml
Normal file
268
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD6C3035FD511A824F24E064.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="4B0ABDC5C94C84265E66287F1D47D5C2">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="B8143DDC4C877A8474D0A28BD40668D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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|
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|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD6C3035FD511A824F24E064" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592995" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592995" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD6C3035FD511A824F24E064" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD6C3035FD511A824F24E064" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6C3034FD511A824EFAE2B6" box="[681,906,151,178]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6C3034FD511A824EFAE2B6" blockId="66.[514,1073,151,211]" box="[681,906,151,178]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FD511A824EFAE2B6" ID-CoL="7FYH" ID-ENA="209716" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[681,906,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FD511A824EFAE2B6" bold="true" box="[681,906,151,178]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FD511A824E56E2B5" bold="true" box="[681,806,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Serromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
Meigen
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6C3034FDFA1AAF4941E2D7" box="[514,1073,186,211]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6C3034FDFA1AAF4941E2D7" blockId="66.[514,1073,151,211]" box="[514,1073,186,211]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FDF21AAF4F09E2D7" box="[522,633,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs. 20G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FD7C1AAF4FC7E2D7" box="[644,695,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">25D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FD3A1AAF4F85E2D7" box="[706,757,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">30A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FCF81AAF4E43E2D7" box="[768,819,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">36D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FCC71AAF4E01E2D7" box="[831,881,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">44N</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FC851AAF4EC0E2D7" box="[893,944,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">49D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FC431AAF4E9CE2D7" box="[955,1004,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">60C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FC001AAF495AE2D7" box="[1016,1066,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">74H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6C3034FF6F1B174F00E33B" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6C3034FF6F1B174F00E33B" blockId="66.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FF6F1B174C44E31F" bold="true" box="[151,308,258,283]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FE251B174FECE31F" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[477,668,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with abdominal segment 4 sensilla L-1-IV, L-2-IV and L-3-IV close together on a rounded tubercle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FE041B334F14E33B" box="[508,612,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 60C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6C3034FF3F1B5F485AE42F" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6C3034FF3F1B5F485AE42F" blockId="66.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FF3F1B5F4CFAE367" bold="true" box="[199,394,330,355]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6C3034FDBD1B5F4F9DE366" box="[581,749,330,355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.645" metricValueMax="4.19" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.645" valueMax="4.19" valueMin="3.1">3.10–4.19 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FC331B7B494EE383" box="[971,1086,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FBB41B7B490EE383" box="[1100,1150,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear medial to base of antenna (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FE6D1B874F77E3AF" box="[405,519,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FDEB1B874F38E3AF" box="[531,584,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">79D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FDA41B874FEBE3AF" bold="true" box="[604,667,402,427]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FC961B874EA8E3AF" box="[878,984,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, with short dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FB811BA349AFE3CB" box="[1145,1247,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, but partially fused to scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FDBF1BEB4FC0E013" box="[583,688,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FAD2183748E4E03F" box="[1322,1428,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 36D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FE24187F4F3AE087" box="[476,586,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1–2 short setae (
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD6C3034FE32189B4F3AE0A3" box="[458,586,654,679]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
with one very short, 1 elongate seta), 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeallabrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FF0C18A74C2AE0CF" box="[244,346,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—absent; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FDC418A74FD6E0CF" box="[572,678,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FC0418A74925E0CF" bold="true" box="[1020,1109,690,715]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FA9618A74DB8E0EB" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FCFB18EF4E03E117" box="[771,883,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 49D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FB9418EF49AAE117" box="[1132,1242,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 44N</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.64–4.09, moderately elongate, wide apically, somewhat flattened laterally or circular in cross-section, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface smooth, with short, wide pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base or to half length, distally with plates; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FE3C19BB4F5BE1C3" box="[452,555,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 36D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FE5D19C74F7AE1EF" box="[421,522,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FF0B19E34C2AE60B" box="[243,346,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 36D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FE661E0F4F76E637" box="[414,518,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 seta; anterolaterals—1 seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FA971E2B4DBAE67F" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T posterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FC291E934949E69B" box="[977,1081,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 49D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 small seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FD251EBF4E21E6C7" bold="true" box="[733,849,1194,1219]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FCAE1EE74ECCE70F" box="[854,956,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 74H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FF671F2F4C74E757" box="[159,260,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 49D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D- 7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FD321F4B4E5DE773" box="[714,813,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 60C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV peg-like seta, D-3-IV short slender setae, on rounded tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV short setae, D-9-IV absent; D-5-IV on short separate tubercle, D-4-IV and D-8- IV on short separate tubercle, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D- 4-IV, D-8-IV; D-7-IV near L-1-IV; L-1-IV on rounded tubercle with L-2-IV, L-3-IV all short setae, L-4-IV on short tubercle, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae, on rounded tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV on single tubercle; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6C3034FD4D1C074E6AE42F" box="[693,794,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 74H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6C3034FF3F1C234973E4DB" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6C3034FF3F1C234973E4DB" blockId="66.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FF3F1C234F16E44B" bold="true" box="[199,614,1590,1615]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FD071C224E03E44A" box="[767,883,1591,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FD071C224E03E44A" box="[767,883,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Serromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 35 species from every Region worldwide other than the Neotropical Region (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6C3034FD661C4F4EDBE477" author="Borkent & Bissett" box="[670,939,1626,1651]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="153 - 217" refId="ref177274" refString="Borkent, A. & Bissett B. (1990) A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 153 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FD661C4F4F8AE477" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[670,762,1626,1651]" genus="Borkent" pageId="66" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Bissett 1990
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FC4D1C4F4923E477" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[949,1107,1626,1651]" genus="Borkent" pageId="66" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6C3034FC4D1C4F4923E477" author="Borkent" box="[949,1107,1626,1651]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Species have been collected from bogs, fens, wet meadows, streams or small rivers. At least within the Holarctic Region, species are restricted to wooded areas.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6C3034FEA31CB74F7EE4BF" author="Strenzke" box="[347,526,1698,1723]" firstAuthor="Strenzke" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="207 - 414" refId="ref196881" refString="Strenzke, K. (1950) Systematik, Morphologie und Okologie der terrestrischen Chironomiden. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 18 (Supplement), 207 - 414." type="journal article" year="1950">Strenzke (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6C3034FDBD1CB74E53E4BF" author="Thienemann" box="[581,803,1698,1723]" firstAuthor="Thienemann" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref197584" refString="Thienemann, A. (1950) Lunzer Chironomiden. Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der stehenden Gewasser des Lunzer Seengebietes (Niederosterreich). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 18, 1 - 202." type="journal article" year="1950">Thienemann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found immatures in mosses at lake margins in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6C3034FACC1CB748ECE4BF" box="[1332,1436,1698,1723]" name="Germany" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6C3034FF3E1CD34CA9E4DB" author="Kettle & Lawson" box="[198,473,1734,1759]" firstAuthor="Kettle" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="421 - 467" refId="ref187577" refString="Kettle, D. S. & Lawson, J. W. H. (1952) The early stages of British biting midges Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and allied genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 421 - 467, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1952">Kettle & Lawson (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found larvae in mud associated with marshlands.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6C3035FF3F1CFF4C8EE3F1" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6C3034FF3F1CFF4F0DE523" blockId="66.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FF3F1CFF4F5CE507" bold="true" box="[199,556,1770,1795]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are only two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FC6C1CFE4978E506" box="[916,1032,1771,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FC6C1CFE4978E506" box="[916,1032,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Serromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (with one of these actually of uncertain identity) (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD6C3034FE091D1B4F00E523" box="[497,624,1806,1831]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6C3035FF3F1D274CF2E3AF" blockId="66.[151,1437,258,2011]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
Of the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD6C3034FEEB1D274CC9E54F" box="[275,441,1842,1867]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FE261D264F22E54E" box="[478,594,1843,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FE261D264F22E54E" box="[478,594,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Serromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
available for study, one was of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FC481D264E8BE54E" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[944,1019,1843,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6C3034FC481D264E8BE54E" box="[944,1019,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. atra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and previously studied by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6C3034FADD1D274C4DE56B" author="Borkent & Bissett" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="153 - 217" refId="ref177274" refString="Borkent, A. & Bissett B. (1990) A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 153 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6C3034FADD1D27480FE54F" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1317,1407,1842,1867]" genus="Borkent" pageId="66" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Bissett (1990)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. It included a pharate adult, ensuring correct identification of this specimen. Of the remaining specimens, three were of pupal exuviae and one of a whole pupae, all previously slide mounted, with old, similar labels (perforated edges), with the same handwriting (likely that of Thienemann), and at least one collected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6C3034FF6F1DD74C38E5DF" author="Strenzke" box="[151,328,1986,2011]" firstAuthor="Strenzke" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="207 - 414" refId="ref196881" refString="Strenzke, K. (1950) Systematik, Morphologie und Okologie der terrestrischen Chironomiden. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 18 (Supplement), 207 - 414." type="journal article" year="1950">Strenzke (1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, site 220, Grosser Ukleisee,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6C3034FD661DD74E7BE5DF" box="[670,779,1986,2011]" name="Germany" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), with the notation "gez." (short for gezüchtet, meaning reared).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6D3035FF0E1A824CACE2B4" author="Strenzke" box="[246,476,151,176]" firstAuthor="Strenzke" page="349" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="207 - 414" refId="ref196881" refString="Strenzke, K. (1950) Systematik, Morphologie und Okologie der terrestrischen Chironomiden. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 18 (Supplement), 207 - 414." type="journal article" year="1950">Strenzke (1950:349)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted that larvae were "not rare in damp mosses [in German]". All were previously identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FED21AA94CDCE2D1" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[298,428,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FED21AA94CDCE2D1" box="[298,428,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. femorata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(probably by Strenzke), even though no associated adult material was present. The pupa was young, so there were no pharate adult features to be studied. As such, there is a level of uncertainty as to both the species identification (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6D3035FE421B114FB4E319" author="Borkent & Bissett" box="[442,708,260,285]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="153 - 217" refId="ref177274" refString="Borkent, A. & Bissett B. (1990) A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 153 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FE421B114F66E319" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[442,534,260,285]" genus="Borkent" pageId="67" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
& Bissett 1990
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) as well as the generic identity. However, it appeared that all four were conspecific and Strenzke likely correctly identified the emerged adults as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FBA91B3D49B5E33B" box="[1105,1221,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FBA91B3D49B5E33B" box="[1105,1221,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Serromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, considering their distinctively fat and spinose hind femora. The pupae also matched the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FB781B594875E361" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1152,1285,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FB781B594875E361" box="[1152,1285,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. femorata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6D3035FACF1B594C33E38C" author="Kettle & Lawson" firstAuthor="Kettle" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="421 - 467" refId="ref187577" refString="Kettle, D. S. & Lawson, J. W. H. (1952) The early stages of British biting midges Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and allied genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 421 - 467, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1952">Kettle & Lawson (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and were very similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FD441B654E78E38C" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[700,776,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FD441B654E78E38C" box="[700,776,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. atra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, further suggesting that the generic identification of these specimens is correct.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6D3035FF3F1BA24C8EE3F1" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6D3035FF3F1BA24F7DE3D4" author="Borkent and Bissett" box="[199,525,439,464]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="153 - 217" refId="ref177274" refString="Borkent, A. & Bissett B. (1990) A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 153 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FF3F1BA24C51E3D4" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[199,289,439,464]" genus="Borkent" pageId="67" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and Bissett (1990)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
missed the sensillum coeloconica D-7-IV on abdominal segment 4 of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FF6F1BC94C7BE3F7" box="[151,267,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FF6F1BC94C7BE3F7" box="[151,267,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Serromyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupa they illustrated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6D3035FF3F1BEA4F24E064" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6D3035FF3F1BEA4F24E064" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FF3F1BEA4F75E01C" bold="true" box="[199,517,511,536]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FDE118154F18E01C" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[537,616,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FDE118154F18E01C" box="[537,616,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. atra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD6D3035FD831BEA4FBDE013" box="[635,717,511,536]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, Schöhsees,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6D3035FC9D1BEA4EBDE01C" box="[869,973,511,536]" name="Germany" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ZSMC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FBB1181549BFE01C" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1097,1231,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FBB1181549BFE01C" box="[1097,1231,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. femorata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD6D3035FB1A1BEA4845E013" box="[1250,1333,511,536]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 2 pupal exuviae, no locality, date (likely Thienemann collection, ZSMC); 1 pupal exuviae, Grosser Ukleisee,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6D3035FACC183148ECE039" box="[1332,1436,548,573]" name="Germany" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(likely Thienemann collection, ZSMC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
221
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD6D3032FD5718A14C41E13C.xml
Normal file
221
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD6D3032FD5718A14C41E13C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
|
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<mods:title id="8EBC06E828A68B0B2AE0C0BE51B62D37">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD6D3032FD5718A14C41E13C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592997" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD6D3032FD5718A14C41E13C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD6D3032FD5718A14C41E13C" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FD5718A14EF3E0CA" ID-CoL="SCV" ID-ENA="1874478" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[687,899,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FD5718A14E53E0CA" bold="true" box="[687,803,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
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|
||||
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|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6D3035FE1418C34936E0EB" box="[492,1094,726,751]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6D3035FE1418C34936E0EB" blockId="67.[492,1094,692,751]" box="[492,1094,726,751]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FE0D18C34F14E0EB" box="[501,612,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FD9718C34FD2E0EB" box="[623,674,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">20H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FD5518C34FADE0EB" box="[685,733,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">25E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FD1018C34E6AE0EB" box="[744,794,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">30B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FCDD18C34E24E0EB" box="[805,852,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">36E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FC9818C34EE3E0EB" box="[864,915,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">44O</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FC6618C34EBEE0EB" box="[926,974,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">49E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FC2118C3497DE0EB" box="[985,1037,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">61A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FBE018C3494EE0EB" box="[1048,1086,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">74I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6D3035FF6F190B4E17E17B" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6D3035FF6F190B4E17E17B" blockId="67.[151,1437,798,2011]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FF6F190B4C44E133" bold="true" box="[151,308,798,823]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6D3035FE1D190B4FD4E133" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[485,676,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the thorax and abdomen with moderately developed rounded tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FEF519574CF0E15F" box="[269,384,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 30B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FE7519574CB0E15F" box="[397,448,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">61A</figureCitation>
|
||||
, as in 33A) and the respiratory organ with a separate pore at midlength, in addition to those at its apex and, in one other species, at its base (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FD0919734E2AE17B" box="[753,858,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 44O</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6D3032FF3F199F4D89E3A9" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6D3032FF3F199F4D89E3A9" blockId="67.[151,1437,798,2011]" lastBlockId="68.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FF3F199F4CFAE1A7" bold="true" box="[199,394,906,931]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6D3035FDA0199F4FB6E1A6" box="[600,710,906,931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="3.25">3.25 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FC8B19BB4EA7E1C3" box="[883,983,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||||
, as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FBE519BB49F3E1C3" box="[1053,1155,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear extending into eye sheath (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FEA019C74CBAE1EF" box="[344,458,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FE2119C74F79E1EF" box="[473,521,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">79F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FDE719C74F2EE1EF" bold="true" box="[543,606,978,1003]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FCC119C74ED5E1EF" box="[825,933,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 20H</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FBD419E349E2E60B" box="[1068,1170,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FC301E0F495CE637" box="[968,1068,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FE001E774F2AE67F" box="[504,602,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 36E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FC401E934956E69B" box="[952,1062,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 20H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 short seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, no campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FAFF1EBF4819E6C7" box="[1287,1385,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 minute setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FE691EDB4C83E6E3" box="[401,499,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FC7C1EDB4EADE6E3" bold="true" box="[900,989,1230,1255]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FB151EDB483FE6E3" box="[1261,1359,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with well-developed moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, with slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FB5F1F03487EE72B" box="[1191,1294,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 49E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FF141F2F4C28E757" box="[236,344,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 44O</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.42, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with 3 additional more basal pores, outer surface smooth, with moderately elongate, wide pedicel, base with very slender posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, distally with plate; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FE3F1FDF4F5EE7E7" box="[455,558,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 36E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with slight angle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FD921FFB4FA2E403" box="[618,722,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FE341C074F5FE42F" box="[460,559,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 36E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FDA81C234FC5E44B" box="[592,693,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 setae, 1 thicker than other; anterolaterals—1 very short seta (or perhaps a campaniform sensillum but with shagreen making identification uncertain); dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FF671CB74C73E4BF" box="[159,259,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 30B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T very short setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T on well-developed tubercle, D-5-T on separate well-developed tubercle, D-3-T posterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FD761CFF4F83E507" box="[654,755,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 49E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax (difficult to discern among shagreen).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6D3035FD371D1B4E33E523" bold="true" box="[719,835,1806,1831]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FAF61D434819E56B" box="[1294,1385,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 74I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3035FDBA1D8B4FDAE5B3" box="[578,682,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 49E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 5 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (difficult to discern in shagreen), including 2 lateral sensilla, 1 seta?, D-7-I absent (or not discernible in shagreen); segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6D3032FA971DD74DB6E2B4" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="306.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,219,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-59@306.[181,1412,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="306" captionText="FIGURE 61. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Monohelea hirsuta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949268/files/figure.png" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 61A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV peg-like seta on elongate tubercle, D-3-IV short seta on low tubercle; D-5-IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short setae, D-7-IV absent or not visible among shagreen; D-5-IV and D-4-IV on elongate tubercle, D-8-IV and D-9-IV on elongate tubercle, posterior dorsal sensilla on two tubercles in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV short peg on elongate tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV short setae on separate elongate tubercles, L-4-IV short seta without tubercle, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae, on rounded tubercles, V-6-IV, V-7-IV on single tubercle; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6A3032FE6C1B7A4C81E38C" box="[404,497,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent & Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent & Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 74I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX campaniform sensillum, D-6-IX possibly absent (dense shagreen present).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6A3032FF3F1BA24952E01C" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3032FF3F1BA24952E01C" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FF3F1BA24F17E3D4" bold="true" box="[199,615,439,464]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FCFB1BA24E1EE3D4" box="[771,878,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FCFB1BA24E1EE3D4" box="[771,878,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 57 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FEE71BC94CB2E3F1" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[287,450,476,501]" genus="Borkent" pageId="68" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6A3032FEE71BC94CB2E3F1" author="Borkent" box="[287,450,476,501]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The two species known as immatures have been collected among grass on a stream margin or from damp soil in a swampy area (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6A3032FD771BEA4E3DE01C" author="Glukhova" box="[655,845,511,536]" firstAuthor="Glukhova" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref183637" refString="Glukhova, V. M. (1979 a) Larvae of the Biting Midges of the subfamilies Heteromyiini + Sphaeromiini + Palpomyiini + Stenoxenini and Ceratopogoninae of the Fauna of the USSR (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae = Heleidae). AN SSSR, Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, 121, pp. 1 - 230. [Nauk, SSSR, Leningrad, in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Glukhova 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6A3032FCA11BEA4966E01C" author="de Meillon" box="[857,1046,511,536]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="9 - 25" refId="ref180917" refString="De Meillon, B. (1939) Notes on Ceratopogonidae (Dipt. Nematocera) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1, 9 - 25." type="journal article" year="1939">de Meillon 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6A3032FF3F1831491EE0F4" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3032FF3F18314812E0A3" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FF3F18314F5CE039" bold="true" box="[199,556,548,573]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are only two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FC6D18314970E039" box="[917,1024,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FC6D18314970E039" box="[917,1024,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Allohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD6A3032FB371831483FE039" box="[1231,1359,548,573]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FA7C18314D89E05B" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FA7C18314D89E05B" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A. japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the spirals are restricted to the base of the tracheal tube and the remaining portion is composed of distinctive (and unique) plates. Because
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6A3032FDA418794E58E081" author="de Meillon" box="[604,808,620,645]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="9 - 25" refId="ref180917" refString="De Meillon, B. (1939) Notes on Ceratopogonidae (Dipt. Nematocera) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1, 9 - 25." type="journal article" year="1939">de Meillon (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
does not show any modifications to the tracheal tube of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FF6F18854D8FE0A3" box="[151,255,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FF6F18854D8FE0A3" box="[151,255,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A. mimas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the modifications in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FE1518854F1EE0A3" box="[493,622,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FE1518854F1EE0A3" box="[493,622,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A. japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should considered an autapomorphy of that species for the present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3032FF3F18A1491EE0F4" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6A3032FF3F18A14CEDE0C9" author="De Meillon" box="[199,413,692,717]" firstAuthor="De Meillon" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="9 - 25" refId="ref180917" refString="De Meillon, B. (1939) Notes on Ceratopogonidae (Dipt. Nematocera) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1, 9 - 25." type="journal article" year="1939">De Meillon (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested there were no sensilla on the abdomen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FBFB18A1491DE0C8" box="[1027,1133,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FBFB18A1491DE0C8" box="[1027,1133,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A. mimas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but likely the pronounced tubercles and heavy shagreen made these difficult to see (as is the case for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FC2418CD492DE0EB" box="[988,1117,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FC2418CD492DE0EB" box="[988,1117,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A. japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6A3032FF3F18E94C41E13C" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6A3032FF3F18E94C41E13C" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FF3F18E94F71E111" bold="true" box="[199,513,764,789]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6A3032FDE918E94FE2E110" box="[529,658,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Allohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6A3032FDE918E94FE2E110" box="[529,658,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A. japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Komarovskii Nature Reserve, Primorskii Territory,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6A3032FF6F190A4D92E13C" box="[151,226,799,824]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
212
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD703029FD5B18314C72E0F4.xml
Normal file
212
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD703029FD5B18314C72E0F4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
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<mods:title id="958708226CD76D529EB1E2003889FD51">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:name id="4E181C182C5FDB6999ADCFB8A513C544" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="13CA89264E4FC03AADC975F27FF0A71D">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="B136F1A7021127AB910CE53FD35715EB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="16535DC814C226330161AB0AD3D4BB59">
|
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<mods:date id="F56316D820370CB739BBBF52A286DC82">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1D071BD06A9FBB29ED76ED5A98D2D67D" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D177886D1A26159C083BE1E44EBDE2EE">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="DA68E203EC281B891C1829E668FB03BB" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="D8C28642744B3B93137AB99178D19FB9">3879</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B2041AEFA9838DF38B3EB888D776F305" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E3CF95F5C4F99CAC74EB952CCBBBF2EE" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD703029FD5B18314C72E0F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593051" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD703029FD5B18314C72E0F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD703029FD5B18314C72E0F4" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD703028FD5B18314EFFE03A" box="[675,911,548,574]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD703028FD5B18314EFFE03A" blockId="94.[151,1437,548,2011]" box="[675,911,548,574]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD703028FD5B18314EFFE03A" ID-CoL="4YCW" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[675,911,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FD5B18314EFFE03A" bold="true" box="[675,911,548,574]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FD5B18314E5FE03A" bold="true" box="[675,815,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Homohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD703028FDFA18534941E05B" box="[514,1073,582,607]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD703028FDFA18534941E05B" blockId="94.[151,1437,548,2011]" box="[514,1073,582,607]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FDF218534F0CE05B" box="[522,636,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs. 27H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FD7F18534FCAE05B" box="[647,698,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">31A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FD3E18534E6AE05B" box="[710,794,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">40A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FCDD18534E09E05B" box="[805,889,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">46A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FC7C18534EC0E05B" box="[900,944,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">52F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FC4318534E9CE05B" box="[955,1004,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">68B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FC0018534959E05B" box="[1016,1065,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">77A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD703028FF6F187F4C17E0EB" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD703028FF6F187F4C17E0EB" blockId="94.[151,1437,548,2011]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FF6F187F4C44E087" bold="true" box="[151,308,618,643]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD703028FE0D187F4FC4E087" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[501,692,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the abdominal tubercles all apically rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FADB187F48FFE087" box="[1315,1423,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with D-8-IV and D-9-IV on separate or, at most, only basally fused tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FAF8189B4814E0A3" box="[1280,1380,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and abdominal segment 8 with the two ventral sensilla (V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII) on a single tubercle and V-5-VIII tiny and V-6-VIII elongate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD703029FF3F18EF49ECE319" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD703029FF3F18EF49ECE319" blockId="94.[151,1437,548,2011]" lastBlockId="95.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FF3F18EF4CFAE117" bold="true" box="[199,394,762,787]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD703028FDA018EF4FB6E116" box="[600,710,762,787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="4.88">4.88 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FC75190B4E8FE133" box="[909,1023,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FBF5190B4930E133" box="[1037,1088,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FD0F19574E18E15F" box="[759,872,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FC8D19574ED9E15F" box="[885,937,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FC4619574E8EE15F" bold="true" box="[958,1022,834,859]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD703028FA7A19574CDBE17B" author="de Meillon & Wirth" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon & Wirth (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FDD0199F4FFDE1A7" box="[552,653,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FE4C19BB4F69E1C3" box="[436,537,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 27H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending equal to or just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FF6719E34C5DE60B" box="[159,301,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 40A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD703028FC7F1E0F49C0E637" author="de Meillon & Wirth" box="[903,1200,1050,1075]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon & Wirth 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, campaniform sensillum not visible (dirty specimens); clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FE251E774F34E67F" box="[477,580,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 27H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FC7F1E774E9FE67F" box="[903,1007,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 27H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FF6F1E934D80E69B" bold="true" box="[151,240,1158,1183]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FDED1E934FF2E69B" box="[533,642,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 27H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FA971EBF4DB6E6E3" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 52F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FE491EDB4F35E6E3" box="[433,581,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs. 46A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 4.55–5.70, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface smooth, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, plates to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FA971F2F4D99E773" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 40A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with short tubercle at apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (similar to
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FEE91F974C1CE79F" box="[273,364,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/4 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FAF61F9748E4E79F" box="[1294,1428,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 40A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FF4B1FDF4C7EE7E7" box="[179,270,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); male with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg, female with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FF6F1C074C5DE42F" box="[151,301,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderate seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FCBC1C074EDAE42F" box="[836,938,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 31A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to slightly posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FEBA1C4F4CD5E477" box="[322,421,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 52F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FEB31C6B4CCFE493" bold="true" box="[331,447,1662,1687]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 uncertain, tergites 2-7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with anterolateral spots hard to see, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FE0B1CFF4F2BE507" box="[499,603,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 77A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FB941D1B49A3E523" box="[1132,1235,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 52F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD703028FE911D434CBDE56B" box="[361,461,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 68B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV moderately elongate setae, D-2-IV on short tubercle; D-5-IV, D-8- IV, D-9-IV moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on basally fused, flattened but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV moderately elongate seta arising from flat surface, moderately anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on rounded tubercles, those of L- 2-IV, L-4-IV flattened, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on rounded, flattened tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; with V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII on single tubercle, V-5-VIII tiny, V-6-VIII elongate; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FDDF1B114FFBE319" box="[551,651,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 77A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD713029FF3F1B324C19E3A9" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD713029FF3F1B324C19E3A9" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FF3F1B324F15E344" bold="true" box="[199,613,295,320]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FD071B324EF0E344" box="[767,896,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FD071B324EF0E344" box="[767,896,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Homohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 19 species in the Palaearctic, Oriental, and Afrotropical Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FDC11B594FADE361" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[569,733,332,357]" genus="Borkent" pageId="95" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD713029FDC11B594FADE361" author="Borkent" box="[569,733,332,357]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Pupae have been collected from a river margin, a brackish marsh, ponds, and ground pools.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD713029FDEC1B654E5FE38C" author="Ingram & Macfie" box="[532,815,367,392]" firstAuthor="Ingram" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="313 - 376" refId="ref185874" refString="Ingram, A. & Macfie, J. W. S. (1921) West African Ceratopogonidae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 15, 313 - 376." type="journal article" year="1921">Ingram & Macfie (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted pupae were common in "puddles of dirty water near a stand-pipe".
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD713029FF3F1BA24973E0AC" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD713029FF3F1BA24966E039" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FF3F1BA24F5EE3D4" bold="true" box="[199,558,439,464]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FCFF1BA24EF8E3D4" box="[775,904,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FCFF1BA24EF8E3D4" box="[775,904,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Homohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD713029FB711BA2487BE3D4" box="[1161,1291,439,464]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal apotomes of the available specimens were absent and cannot, therefore, be characterized. The dorsal apotome of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FA791BC84D80E01C" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delanoe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FA791BC84D80E01C" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">H. delanoe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described (but not illustrated) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD713029FD671BEA4EBFE01C" author="de Meillon & Wirth" box="[671,975,511,536]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon & Wirth (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as having "a pair of small tubercles each bearing a slender hair", which is the typical condition in most
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FCB718314962E039" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[847,1042,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD713029FF3F185D4973E0AC" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
In addition to the male specimens examined, photos were made available (Burgert Muller, NMSA) of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD713029FF6F18794D89E081" box="[151,249,620,645]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
female of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FE8818784F7AE081" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[368,522,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albitudinis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FE8818784F7AE081" box="[368,522,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">H. albitudinis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and a non-type female specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FC6518784968E081" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[925,1048,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delanoe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FC6518784968E081" box="[925,1048,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">H. delanoe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, allowing comparisons to be made of sexually dimorphic features with the male pupae at hand (see character 44).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD713029FF3F18A14C72E0F4" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD713029FF3F18A14C72E0F4" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FF3F18A14F78E0C9" bold="true" box="[199,520,692,717]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FDE618A04FD1E0C9" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[542,673,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delanoe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FDE618A04FD1E0C9" box="[542,673,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">H. delanoe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Zoutpan, Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD713029FB7818A1486AE0C9" box="[1152,1306,692,717]" name="South Africa" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD713029FAD418A148ECE0C9" box="[1324,1436,692,717]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1974-01-10">10-I-1974</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
284
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284
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|
@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FD6419514E79E15A" bold="true" box="[668,777,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Leehelea</emphasis>
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||||
Debenham
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||||
</emphasis>
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|
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FDE119734FFBE17B" box="[537,651,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FD6F19734FB8E17B" box="[663,712,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">31B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FD2B19734E75E17B" box="[723,773,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">40C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FCE819734E14E17B" box="[784,868,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">46C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC9719734ED2E17B" box="[879,930,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">53A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC5519734EAFE17B" box="[941,991,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">68C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC1219734969E17B" box="[1002,1049,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">77B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD713029FF6F19BB4F0EE636" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD713029FF6F19BB4F0EE636" blockId="95.[151,1437,942,2031]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FF6F19BB4C44E1C3" bold="true" box="[151,308,942,967]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FE0F19BB4FC6E1C3" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[503,694,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the abdominal tubercles all apically pointed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FADA19BB48FFE1C3" box="[1314,1423,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 68C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with D-8-IV and D-9-IV on basally fused tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC2C19C74948E1EF" box="[980,1080,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 68C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and abdominal segment 8 with the two ventral sensilla (V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII) on a single tubercle and V-5-VIII tiny and V-6-VIII elongate; not diagnosable as different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD713029FE1E1E0F4F07E637" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[486,631,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FE1E1E0F4F07E637" box="[486,631,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD713016FF3F1E2B4E57E041" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD713016FF3F1E2B4E57E041" blockId="95.[151,1437,942,2031]" lastBlockId="96.[151,1437,151,1394]" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FF3F1E2B4CFAE653" bold="true" box="[199,394,1086,1111]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD713029FDBD1E2B4F9DE652" box="[581,749,1086,1111]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.734999999999999" metricValueMax="6.97" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="6.734999999999999" valueMax="6.97" valueMin="6.5">6.50–6.97 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC751E764E8FE678" box="[909,1023,1123,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FBF51E764930E678" box="[1037,1088,1123,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FD1D1E9D4E23E6A5" box="[741,851,1160,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FCA71E9D4EE4E6A5" box="[863,916,1160,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FC5E1E9D4E96E6A5" bold="true" box="[934,998,1160,1185]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FB081E9D4827E6A5" box="[1264,1367,1160,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FF6F1EC44D8CE6EE" box="[151,252,1233,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FAD61EC448E4E6EE" box="[1326,1428,1233,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending equal to or just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC411F0E4955E730" box="[953,1061,1307,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 40C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FF4C1F714C69E779" box="[180,281,1380,1405]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—uncertain; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FF671F9C4C7DE7A6" box="[159,269,1417,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FD901F9C4FA5E7A6" box="[616,725,1417,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FB531F9C4874E7A6" bold="true" box="[1195,1284,1417,1442]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FEEB1FBB4C0BE7C3" box="[275,379,1454,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum with very short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FB9A1FC649BAE7E8" box="[1122,1226,1491,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 53A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FF671FED4C44E415" box="[159,308,1528,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs. 46C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.39–4.08, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FE9D1C9E4CBAE4A0" box="[357,458,1675,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 40C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (similar to
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FE8A1CA54CBDE4CD" box="[370,461,1712,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/4 length of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FA971CA54DB7E4E9" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 40C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing slightly angled; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FEDB1CEC4CF1E516" box="[291,385,1785,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); female with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC8A1D0B4979E533" box="[882,1033,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FE7C1D564C81E558" box="[388,497,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD713029FC171D7D4926E585" box="[1007,1110,1896,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 53A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD713029FBDC1D9949E8E5A1" bold="true" box="[1060,1176,1932,1957]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 1 medial spot, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, 2 pairs on tergite 8, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, 2 spots on sternite 8, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FD461AA94E5BE2D1" box="[702,811,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 77B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FAD61AF448E4E2FE" box="[1326,1428,225,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 53A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FDD51B3E4FE5E340" box="[557,661,299,324]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 68C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on pointed tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on basally fused, closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta from surface, moderately anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on short tubercles, all closely approximated, V-5-IV, V-6-IV with tubercles fused basally; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; with V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII on single tubercle, V-5-VIII tiny, V-6-VIII elongate; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FF4C18394C65E041" box="[180,277,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli & Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli & Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 77B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FF3F18444808E08B" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF3F18444808E08B" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,1394]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF3F18444F14E06E" bold="true" box="[199,612,593,618]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FD0418444E11E06E" box="[764,865,593,618]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FD0418444E11E06E" box="[764,865,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from nine species in the Oriental and Australasian Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FE6C18634F44E08B" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[404,564,630,655]" genus="Borkent" pageId="96" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4E3016FE6C18634F44E08B" author="Borkent" box="[404,564,630,655]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Pupae have been found in sand from a river margin and from a lily pond.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FF3F188E4993E706" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF3F188E493BE143" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,1394]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF3F188E4F5FE0B0" bold="true" box="[199,559,667,692]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FC62188E4E8FE0B0" box="[922,1023,667,692]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FC62188E4E8FE0B0" box="[922,1023,667,692]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD4E3016FB6D188E4868E0B0" box="[1173,1304,667,692]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Male and female pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FEAF18AA4CA8E0DC" box="[343,472,703,728]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FEAF18AA4CA8E0DC" box="[343,472,703,728]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Homohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FDEA18AA4FD3E0DC" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[530,675,703,728]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FDEA18AA4FD3E0DC" box="[530,675,703,728]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, two genera closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FBFC18AA4919E0DC" box="[1028,1129,703,728]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FBFC18AA4919E0DC" box="[1028,1129,703,728]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are sexually dimorphic in the arrangement of their forelegs. In males, the foreleg is relatively short (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBF918F149EBE0F9" box="[1025,1179,740,765]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 40A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) while in females the foreleg overlaps the midleg entirely (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FDC1191C4FBBE126" box="[569,715,777,802]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 40B, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Only female pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FC23191C4930E126" box="[987,1088,777,802]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FC23191C4930E126" box="[987,1088,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FB36191C4843E126" box="[1230,1331,777,802]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 40C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and it is likely that the males, once discovered, will share this dimorphism (see character 44).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF0D1946483DE1B1" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,1394]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
The dorsal apotome of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD4E3016FE0019464FE1E168" box="[504,657,851,876]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
was present but at too great an angle to illustrate. Seta DA-A-1 could not be seen but was likely broken off (considering that all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FCCC19624E83E194" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[820,1011,887,912]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
other than some
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FB42196D483AE18B" box="[1210,1354,888,911]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Forcipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FB42196D483AE18B" box="[1210,1354,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Forcipomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a seta present). Overall, the shape of the dorsal apotome appeared similar to that of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FBD31989483DE1B1" box="[1067,1357,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FBD319894839E1B1" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1067,1353,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipennis">Sphaeromias longipennis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF0D19D44FB5E6DA" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,1394]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4E3016FF0D19D44CCFE1DE" author="Debenham" box="[245,447,961,986]" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref180463" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1974) A revision of the Australian and New Guinea predatory Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 28, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1974">Debenham (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted that the pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FD3319D44E40E1DE" box="[715,816,961,986]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FD3319D44E40E1DE" box="[715,816,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FBBB19D449A4E1DE" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1091,1236,961,986]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FBBB19D449A4E1DE" box="[1091,1236,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and neither could I find any differences between the two of any significance. Considering these strong similarities, the validity of recognizing the two genera should be reconsidered. Regarding the differences given by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4E3016FB3B1E1E48E7E620" author="Debenham" box="[1219,1431,1035,1060]" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref180463" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1974) A revision of the Australian and New Guinea predatory Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 28, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1974">Debenham (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FF6F1E3A4C58E64C" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[151,296,1071,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF6F1E3A4C58E64C" box="[151,296,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be paraphyletic in relation to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FD3B1E3A4E58E64C" box="[707,808,1071,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FD3B1E3A4E58E64C" box="[707,808,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. They are separated primarily on the basis of a single difference in the shape of the female claw (presence or absence of an inner tooth and their length) and degree of fusion of the male parameres. Further differences seem to me to be minor (size of leg setae and their bases) or invalid (the brush on the ventral surface of Ta
|
||||
<subScript id="1658349ABD4E3016FD661EB84FD6E6BF" attach="left" box="[670,678,1197,1211]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">4</subScript>
|
||||
is present in at least
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FC6F1E8A4947E6B3" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[919,1079,1182,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FC6F1E8A4947E6B3" box="[919,1079,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. longipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4E3016FBB71E8B4855E6B3" author="Nandi" box="[1103,1317,1182,1207]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nandi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="53 - 60" refId="ref191472" refString="Nandi, M., Mazumdar, A. & Chaudhuri, P. K. (2012) Biting midges of the genus Leehelea Debenham (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in India. Zootaxa, 3399, 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="2012">Nandi et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
lists other differences but at least most apply to both genera.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF3F1EFF4993E706" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,1394]" box="[199,1251,1258,1283]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4E3016FF3F1EFF4CD7E707" author="Elson-Harris" box="[199,423,1258,1283]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref182239" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1987) The immature stages of some Australian Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 26, 45 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1987. tb 00258. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Elson-Harris (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
keyed the pupae of the two Australian species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FC461EFE495FE707" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[958,1071,1258,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FC461EFE495FE707" box="[958,1071,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">L. hispida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FB9D1EFE49ADE707" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[1125,1245,1258,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasselli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FB9D1EFE49ADE707" box="[1125,1245,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">L. wasselli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FF3F1F1A4C2BE776" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF3F1F1A4C2BE776" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,1394]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF3F1F1A4F78E72C" bold="true" box="[199,520,1295,1320]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FDE71F054FE7E72C" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[543,663,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FDE71F054FE7E72C" box="[543,663,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">L. hispida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Nepean River, Menangle,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4E3016FB461F0548E9E72C" box="[1214,1433,1295,1320]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4E3016FF6F1F214C71E749" box="[151,257,1332,1357]" name="Australia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4E3016FEF31F214CFBE749" box="[267,395,1332,1357]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1968-12-09">9-XII-1968</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FE0F1F204F1EE749" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[503,622,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasselli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FE0F1F204F1EE749" box="[503,622,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">L. wasselli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Roper River Mission,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4E3016FBCD1F214875E749" box="[1077,1285,1332,1357]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4E3016FAE81F21480AE749" box="[1296,1402,1332,1357]" name="Australia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD4E3016FA7D1F214D86E776" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1956-11-08">8- XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
233
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233
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD74302DFD721FD94941E471.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
|
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<mods:identifier id="5F81C0BB6CF804F3FA5BEB731BF5D919" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="027587C9BD74302DFD721FD94941E471" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593047" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593047" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD74302DFD721FD94941E471" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD74302DFD721FD94941E471" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD74302CFD721FD94ED9E7E2" box="[650,937,1484,1510]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD74302CFD721FD94ED9E7E2" blockId="90.[510,1077,1484,1544]" box="[650,937,1484,1510]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFD721FD94ED9E7E2" ID-CoL="639K8" authority="Debenham" authorityName="Debenham" box="[650,937,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFD721FD94ED9E7E2" bold="true" box="[650,937,1484,1510]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFD721FD94E6BE7E2" bold="true" box="[650,795,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Lanatomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
Debenham
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD74302CFE061FFA4945E40C" box="[510,1077,1519,1544]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD74302CFE061FFA4945E40C" blockId="90.[510,1077,1484,1544]" box="[510,1077,1519,1544]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFDFE1FFA4F08E40C" box="[518,632,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs. 21K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFD7C1FFA4FDFE40C" box="[644,687,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">27F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFD431FFA4F99E40C" box="[699,745,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">30S</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFD0D1FFA4E55E40C" box="[757,805,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">39E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFCC81FFA4E0EE40C" box="[816,894,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">45R–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC721FFA4ECDE40C" box="[906,957,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">52D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC301FFA4E8AE40C" box="[968,1018,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">67C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFBFD1FFA495DE40C" box="[1029,1069,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">76J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD74302CFF6F1C2249A8E4B9" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD74302CFF6F1C2249A8E4B9" blockId="90.[151,1437,1591,2013]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFF6F1C224C44E454" bold="true" box="[151,308,1591,1616]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFE1B1C224FD2E454" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[483,674,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the prothoracic extension wide medially and not extending to the antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFED01C494CFDE471" box="[296,397,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the dorsal apotome with only a ventral tubercle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC311C494942E471" box="[969,1074,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with the L-1-IV anterior to remaining lateral sensilla but with all these situated at the segment's midlength (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFB051C6A4813E49C" box="[1277,1379,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 67C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and abdominal segment 8 with the two ventral sensilla (V-5-VIII and V-6-VIII) on separate tubercles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD74302DFF3F1CD24FBDE6A4" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD74302DFF3F1CD24FBDE6A4" blockId="90.[151,1437,1591,2013]" lastBlockId="91.[150,1437,151,1653]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFF3F1CD24CFAE4E4" bold="true" box="[199,394,1735,1760]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD74302CFDBD1CD24F9DE4DB" box="[581,749,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.985" metricValueMax="5.19" metricValueMin="4.78" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="4.985" valueMax="5.19" valueMin="4.78">4.78–5.19 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC751CF94E8FE501" box="[909,1023,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFBF51CF94930E501" box="[1037,1088,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFCFE1D1A4E08E52C" box="[774,888,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC7E1D1A4ECAE52C" box="[902,954,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFC281D1A497FE52C" bold="true" box="[976,1039,1807,1832]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFB111D1A4823E52C" box="[1257,1363,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFF6F1D424D8CE574" box="[151,252,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFACA1D4248E4E574" box="[1330,1428,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC5D1DB54977E5BD" box="[933,1031,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 39E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to just anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFEE31A824CF4E2B4" box="[283,388,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFEA91AA94CC8E2D1" box="[337,440,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFCF21AA94E01E2D1" box="[778,881,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFAC41AA948E5E2D1" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,188,213]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFE501ACA4F61E2FC" box="[424,529,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFADA1B1148E0E319" box="[1314,1424,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFE9F1B324C84E344" box="[359,500,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figs. 45R–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.95–3.06, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface with some wrinkles, without pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFF671BA24C74E3D4" box="[159,260,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 39E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFF6F1BC94D8CE3F1" box="[151,252,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFB001BC9482BE3F1" box="[1272,1371,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 39E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFA881BEA4DCFE039" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFD4818524E36E064" box="[688,838,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFF6718794D8FE081" box="[159,255,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 30S</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D- 3-T anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFBA2189A49B8E0AC" box="[1114,1224,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFB8818A14994E0C9" bold="true" box="[1136,1252,692,717]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergites 1- 7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3-7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFB63190A498CE13C" box="[1179,1276,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 76J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFDFC19724F1BE184" box="[516,619,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 6 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 2 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFBFC19994917E1A1" box="[1028,1127,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 67C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on short tubercle, just anterior of L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV on anterior half of segment; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-7-IV short setae, V-6-IV elongate seta, on short rounded tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFA961E714DCEE6A4" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 76J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFF3F1EB9481BE708" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFF3F1EB9481BE708" blockId="91.[150,1437,151,1653]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFF3F1EB94F2FE6C1" bold="true" box="[199,607,1196,1221]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFD161EB84E04E6C0" box="[750,884,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFD161EB84E04E6C0" box="[750,884,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Lanatomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from three species in the Oriental and Australasian Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFE581EDA4F36E6EC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[416,582,1231,1256]" genus="Borkent" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD75302DFE581EDA4F36E6EC" author="Borkent" box="[416,582,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been collected from sandy pool edges.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD75302DFB061EDA48ECE6EC" author="Harris" box="[1278,1436,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described pupal behaviour, with pupae keeping their abdomens in substrate until just prior to adult emergence.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFF3F1F024F7FE40C" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFF3F1F024F7FE40C" blockId="91.[150,1437,151,1653]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFF3F1F024F5FE734" bold="true" box="[199,559,1303,1328]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFD041F0D4EF2E72B" box="[764,898,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFD041F0D4EF2E72B" box="[764,898,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Lanatomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD75302DFB701F02487BE734" box="[1160,1291,1303,1328]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD75302DFADB1F024D91E751" author="Debenham" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref180463" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1974) A revision of the Australian and New Guinea predatory Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 28, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1974">Debenham (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the lateral sensilla of abdominal segment 6 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFC9D1F284ECEE751" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[869,958,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFC9D1F284ECEE751" box="[869,958,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">L. miles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and these are considerably more scattered in an anterior to posterior arrangement than that reported here for segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFBBF1F4A49C1E77C" box="[1095,1201,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 67C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (based on original material).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD75302DFEF51F914C81E799" author="Elson-Harris" box="[269,497,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref182239" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1987) The immature stages of some Australian Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 26, 45 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1987. tb 00258. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Elson-Harris (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the abdominal segment 4 sensilla of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFBE41F904908E799" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[1052,1144,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFBE41F904908E799" box="[1052,1144,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">L. miles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and appears to show the lateral and posterior sensilla as relatively more posterior on the segment than shown here (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFB7D1FB2499BE7C4" box="[1157,1259,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 67C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It appears that she did not draw part of the posterior portion of the segment (as she did do for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFBC91FD849EFE7E1" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[1073,1183,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFBC91FD849EFE7E1" box="[1073,1183,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">L. electra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD75302DFB411FD948ECE7E1" author="Elson-Harris" box="[1209,1436,1484,1509]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref182239" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1987) The immature stages of some Australian Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 26, 45 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1987. tb 00258. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Elson-Harris (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
keyed the two Australian species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFF3F1C014941E471" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFF3F1C014941E471" blockId="91.[150,1437,151,1653]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFF3F1C014F70E429" bold="true" box="[199,512,1556,1581]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFDF71C004F0AE429" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[527,634,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFDF71C004F0AE429" box="[527,634,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">L. electra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Yellow Water,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD75302DFC141C014925E429" box="[1004,1109,1556,1581]" name="Australia" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD75302DFB991C0149A0E429" box="[1121,1232,1556,1581]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="1956-01-14">14-I-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFAC41C0048E4E429" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[1340,1428,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFAC41C0048E4E429" box="[1340,1428,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">L. miles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Mountain Lake, Thurmere Lakes,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD75302DFD061C2D4EA5E454" box="[766,981,1591,1616]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD75302DFC1D1C22493FE454" box="[997,1103,1591,1616]" name="Australia" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD75302DFB981C2249BBE454" box="[1120,1227,1591,1616]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="1966-02-02">2-II-1966</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Nattai River, Mittagong,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD75302DFDED1C494FAFE471" box="[533,735,1628,1653]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD75302DFD131C494E24E471" box="[747,852,1628,1653]" name="Australia" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD75302DFC981C494EBAE471" box="[864,970,1628,1653]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="1965-02-05">5-II-1965</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
570
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD753028FDA21CD24CAEE38C.xml
Normal file
570
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD753028FDA21CD24CAEE38C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,570 @@
|
|||
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFDA21CD24E21E4E6" ID-CoL="89PMM" authority="Borkent" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[602,849,1735,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Anebomyia Borkent</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFE051CF94946E501" box="[509,1078,1772,1797]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFE051CF94946E501" blockId="91.[509,1078,1735,1797]" box="[509,1078,1772,1797]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFDFD1CF94F04E501" box="[517,628,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figs. 21L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFD781CF94FDFE501" box="[640,687,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">27G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFD431CF94F98E501" box="[699,744,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">30T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFD0C1CF94E6FE501" box="[756,799,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">39F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFCD31CF94E29E501" box="[811,857,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">45T</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFC9C1CF94EE3E501" box="[868,915,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">52E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFC671CF94EA2E501" box="[927,978,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">68A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFC251CF9495EE501" box="[989,1070,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">76K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFF6F1D214F5DE54E" box="[151,557,1844,1866]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFF6F1D214F5DE54E" blockId="91.[151,1361,1844,1938]" box="[151,557,1844,1866]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFF6F1D214CD4E54E" ID-CoL="89PMM" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,420,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFF6F1D214C79E54E" box="[151,265,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD75302DFEF71D214CD4E54E" author="Borkent" box="[271,420,1844,1866]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: in this work.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFDCB1D214FAAE56A" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFDCB1D214FAAE56A" blockId="91.[151,1361,1844,1938]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD75302DFDCB1D214F15E54D" box="[563,613,1844,1865]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFD3A1D21492BE54E" ID-CoL="72T6X" authority="Wirth, 1962: 281" authorityName="Wirth" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1962" box="[706,1115,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFD3A1D214ED6E54D" box="[706,934,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Mallochohelea atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD75302DFC541D21492BE54E" author="Wirth" box="[940,1115,1844,1866]" firstAuthor="Wirth" page="281" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="272 - 287" refId="ref198995" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1962) A reclassification of the Palpomyia - Bezzia-Macropeza groups, and a revision of the North American Sphaeromiini (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 55, 272 - 287." type="journal article" year="1962">Wirth, 1962: 281</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by present designation. Included species and taxonomic discussion: given below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFF6F1D69484FE596" box="[151,1343,1916,1938]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFF6F1D69484FE596" blockId="91.[151,1361,1844,1938]" box="[151,1343,1916,1938]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Etymology: Anebos-myia (beardless-fly) refers to the lack of sternite 8 tufts on female adults of species in this genus.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD75302DFF6F1DD04815E5DA" box="[151,1381,1989,2014]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD75302DFF6F1DD04815E5DA" blockId="91.[151,1381,1989,2014]" box="[151,1381,1989,2014]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD75302DFF6F1DD04C44E5DA" bold="true" box="[151,308,1989,2014]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD75302DFE251DD04FECE5DA" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[477,668,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the dorsal apotome with two pairs of tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD75302DFB0B1DD04828E5DA" box="[1267,1368,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD72302AFF3F1A824EC2E7C4" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD72302AFF3F1A824EC2E7C4" blockId="92.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFF3F1A824CFAE2B4" bold="true" box="[199,394,151,176]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD72302AFDBD1A824F9DE2AB" box="[581,749,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" metricValueMax="4.91" metricValueMin="3.41" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="4.16" valueMax="4.91" valueMin="3.41">3.41–4.91 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFC751AA94E8FE2D1" box="[909,1023,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFBF51AA94930E2D1" box="[1037,1088,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFCFF1ACA4E09E2FC" box="[775,889,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFC701ACA4ECCE2FC" box="[904,956,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFC2A1ACA4961E2FC" bold="true" box="[978,1041,223,248]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFB131ACA4823E2FC" box="[1259,1363,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, with additional dorsal pair dorsomedial tubercles, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFE621B324C8FE344" box="[410,511,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFEDE1B594CFDE361" box="[294,397,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFB831B7A49ADE38C" box="[1147,1245,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 39F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) barely posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFE9E1BA24CBBE3D4" box="[358,459,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFD2B1BC94E4EE3F1" box="[723,830,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFB6C1BC9498FE3F1" box="[1172,1279,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFE341BEA4F55E01C" bold="true" box="[460,549,511,536]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFC9E1BEA4EACE01C" box="[870,988,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFE6018524F73E064" box="[408,515,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 52E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFD0E18524E2EE064" box="[758,862,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 45T</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.91–5.40, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFE0118C24F2DE0F4" box="[505,605,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 39F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFE1618E94F23E111" box="[494,595,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFEBB190A4CD6E13C" box="[323,422,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 39F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFE2219514F45E159" box="[474,565,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFBC8197249B7E184" box="[1072,1223,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFDDF19994FFDE1A1" box="[551,653,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 30T</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFB9A19BA49BBE1CC" box="[1122,1227,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 52E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFB7C19C14988E1E9" bold="true" box="[1156,1272,980,1005]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light to dark brown, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with pale to well defined medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFCC81E714EB0E679" box="[816,960,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs. 76K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFF671EB94C72E6C1" box="[159,258,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 52E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D- 7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFD4F1EDA4E50E6EC" box="[695,800,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 68A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on pointed tubercle, near L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae on short tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFEE01FB24C04E7C4" box="[280,372,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs. 76</figureCitation>
|
||||
K-L)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD72302AFF3F1FD94C84E471" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD72302AFF3F1FD94C84E471" blockId="92.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFF3F1FD94F13E7E1" bold="true" box="[199,611,1484,1509]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFD001FD94E06E7E1" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[760,886,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFD001FD94E06E7E1" box="[760,886,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from five species from the Nearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental Regions (all previously in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFD0C1FFA4EECE40C" box="[756,924,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFD0C1FFA4EECE40C" box="[756,924,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD72302AFC561FFA493EE40C" author="Borkent" box="[942,1102,1519,1544]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Immatures are known from stream and river margins, lakes and ponds.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD72302AFD811C014E03E429" author="Knausenberger" box="[633,883,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
discusses the various habitats in which
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFAD71C0148ECE428" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[1327,1436,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFAD71C0148ECE428" box="[1327,1436,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">A. atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected in the eastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD72302AFE241C224F67E454" box="[476,535,1591,1616]" name="United States of America" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. At least some pupae were on emergent vegetation (although they do not have abdominal membranous discs).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD72302BFF3F1C6A4C27E45A" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD72302AFF3F1C6A49CDE501" blockId="92.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFF3F1C6A4F5CE49C" bold="true" box="[199,556,1663,1688]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pupae are known from two species (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD72302AFC2F1C6A4927E49C" box="[983,1111,1663,1688]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). All the species placed here in the new genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFE981CB14CAEE4B9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[352,478,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFE981CB14CAEE4B9" box="[352,478,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were previously in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFD3A1CB14E1AE4B9" box="[706,874,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFD3A1CB14E1AE4B9" box="[706,874,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The new genus is recognized because the newly included species are not related to those now restricted to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFC9C1CD2497CE4E4" box="[868,1036,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFC9C1CD2497CE4E4" box="[868,1036,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a genus most closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFF6F1CF94C58E501" box="[151,296,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFF6F1CF94C58E501" box="[151,296,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Jenkinshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFECD1CF84CC2E500" box="[309,434,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFECD1CF84CC2E500" box="[309,434,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Macropeza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFE381CF94F5FE501" box="[448,559,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFE381CF94F5FE501" box="[448,559,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Probezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFD9E1CF94FA9E501" box="[614,729,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Neobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFD9E1CF94FA9E501" box="[614,729,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Neobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see phylogenetic analysis below,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD72302AFBA51CF949C0E501" box="[1117,1200,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="326.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[165,1420,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-107@326.[139,1458,177,1859]" captionTargetPageId="326" captionText="FIGURE 81. Continuation of Majority rule (50%) cladogram of the genera of derived lineages of Ceratopogonidae. Numbers below each branch represent character state changes as described in the text and the matrix in Table 4. For characters with multiple states the character state changed to is indicated in superscript behind the character number. Bremer support values are shown above the branches. The root of this tree is a continuation from "All remaining Ceratopogonidae" as shown in Figure 80." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949344/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DEA36657BD72302AFF3F1D21487CE574" ID-Table-UUID="DEA36657BD72302AFF3F1D21487CE574" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD72302AFF3F1D21487CE574" inLine="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" startId="92.[920,978,1879,1904]" targetBox="[159,967,1958,2025]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="92">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD72302AFF3F1D21487CE574" blockId="92.[151,1436,1844,1904]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">There are differences between the two genera in both male and female adults and in pupae, with most of the adult features not yet interpreted cladistically (but see character 85). They are summarized as follows:</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD72302AFF671DB34EB7E5ED" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<table id="F8DCC47FBD72CF89FF671DB34EB7E5ED" box="[159,967,1958,2025]" gridcols="2" gridrows="2" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD72CF89FF671DB34EB7E5BB" box="[159,967,1958,1983]" gridrow="0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD72CF89FF671DB34CC2E5BB" box="[159,434,1958,1983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFF671DB34C6DE5BB" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[159,285,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anebomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD72CF89FCE81DB34EB7E5BB" box="[784,967,1958,1983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD72302AFCE81DB34EC8E5BB" box="[784,952,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD72302AFCE81DB34EC8E5BB" box="[784,952,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD72CF89FF671DC54EB7E5ED" box="[159,967,2000,2025]" gridrow="1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD72CF89FF671DC54CC2E5ED" box="[159,434,2000,2025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">male parameres separate</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD72CF89FCE81DC54EB7E5ED" box="[784,967,2000,2025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">parameres fused</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF671A8B485BE3DC" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<table id="F8DCC47FBD73CF89FF671A8B48EEE3DC" box="[159,1438,158,472]" gridcols="2" gridrows="8" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671A8B48EEE2B3" box="[159,1438,158,183]" gridrow="0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<th id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671A8B4E70E2B3" box="[159,768,158,183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">female with at least forefemur with one or more spines</th>
|
||||
<th id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81A8B48EEE2B3" box="[784,1438,158,183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">femora generally without spines (one species with spines)</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671AD248EEE2E4" box="[159,1438,199,224]" gridrow="1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671AD24E70E2E4" box="[159,768,199,224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">female without strong tufts on sternite 8</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81AD248EEE2E4" box="[784,1438,199,224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD73302BFCEF1AD24E13E2E4" box="[791,867,199,224]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||||
with strong tufts on sternite 8
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671AE448EEE30E" box="[159,1438,241,266]" gridrow="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671AE44E70E30E" box="[159,768,241,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">pupal dorsal apotome with 4 tubercles</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81AE448EEE30E" box="[784,1438,241,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">dorsal apotome with 2 tubercles</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671B0F48EEE337" box="[159,1438,282,307]" gridrow="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671B0F4E70E337" box="[159,768,282,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">pupa with two elongate anteromedial setae</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81B0F48EEE337" box="[784,1438,282,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">one elongate anteromedial seta</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671B5148EEE359" box="[159,1438,324,349]" gridrow="4" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671B514E70E359" box="[159,768,324,349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">pupal ecdysial split between eye and antenna</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81B5148EEE359" box="[784,1438,324,349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">ecdysial split on eye</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671B7848EEE382" box="[159,1438,365,390]" gridrow="5" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671B784E70E382" box="[159,768,365,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">pupal D-5-T elongate seta</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81B7848EEE382" box="[784,1438,365,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">D-5-T short, peg-like</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671B8348EEE3AB" box="[159,1438,406,431]" gridrow="6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671B834E70E3AB" box="[159,768,406,431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">pupal D-2-1 and D-3-1 close together</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81B8348EEE3AB" box="[784,1438,406,431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">D-2-1 and D-3-1 widely spaced</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="34EC349DBD73CF89FF671BAA48EEE3DC" box="[159,1438,447,472]" gridrow="7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FF671BAA4E70E3DC" box="[159,768,447,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">pupal abdominal sternites without membranous discs</td>
|
||||
<td id="773D5DE1BD73CF89FCE81BAA48EEE3DC" box="[784,1438,447,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">abdominal sternites 6, 7 with membranous discs</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF3F181B4FF1E06B" blockId="93.[151,1437,526,1631]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD73302BFF3F181B4F5FE023" author="Knausenberger" box="[199,559,526,551]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" page="267 - 277" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987: 267-277)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided further differences between the two genera (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFB4A181B4867E023" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1202,1303,526,551]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albibasis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFB4A181B4867E023" box="[1202,1303,526,551]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">albibasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFAB6181A48ECE022" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[1358,1436,527,550]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFAB6181A48ECE022" box="[1358,1436,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups), including a larval feature. His information was based on Nearctic species and the character states need further testing with extraterritorial material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF3F186F4DAAE127" blockId="93.[151,1437,526,1631]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
As indicated above, members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFDC1186F4FC7E097" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[569,695,634,659]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFDC1186F4FC7E097" box="[569,695,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differ from true
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFC8C186F496CE097" box="[884,1052,634,659]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFC8C186F496CE097" box="[884,1052,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the absence of distinctive tufts of elongate setae on sternite 8 of female adults. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFD19188A4E20E0B2" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[737,848,671,694]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFD19188A4E20E0B2" box="[737,848,671,694]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">A. atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, elongate setae are absent. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFB54188A485FE0B3" box="[1196,1327,670,695]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluminea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFB54188A485FE0B3" box="[1196,1327,670,695]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">A. fluminea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
there are elongate setae on sternite 8 but these are not arranged as a tight tuft (as is true in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFBD618D749A6E0DF" box="[1070,1238,706,731]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFBD618D749A6E0DF" box="[1070,1238,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and other related genera; see character 85). Examination of female adult
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFCFA18F24EF0E0FA" box="[770,896,743,766]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFCFA18F24EF0E0FA" box="[770,896,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. texensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indicates that it too lacks a well defined sternite 8 tuft.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF3F193B4F23E1D3" blockId="93.[151,1437,526,1631]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD73302BFF3F193B4C2BE143" author="Wirth" box="[199,347,814,839]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="272 - 287" refId="ref198995" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1962) A reclassification of the Palpomyia - Bezzia-Macropeza groups, and a revision of the North American Sphaeromiini (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 55, 272 - 287." type="journal article" year="1962">Wirth (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in erecting
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFE1F193B4FFFE143" box="[487,655,814,839]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFE1F193B4FFFE143" box="[487,655,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, pointed out that some of the included species such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFB03193A481FE142" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[1275,1391,815,838]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFB03193A481FE142" box="[1275,1391,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFA85193A4D83E16E" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFA85193A4D83E16E" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. spinipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFECA19464CC5E16E" box="[306,437,851,874]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFECA19464CC5E16E" box="[306,437,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. texensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differed considerably from the genotype (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFC5219464949E16F" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[938,1081,850,875]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albibasis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFC5219464949E16F" box="[938,1081,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. albibasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and "may, eventually need a separate category". He further pointed out in a strikingly prescient statement "The discovery of the pupa of this group should also serve greatly to clarify its relationships". The pupae have indeed provided the synapomorphies to clarify the relationship of these species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF3F19F74D89E6AB" blockId="93.[151,1437,526,1631]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
Although
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD73302BFEC519F74CA4E1FF" author="Wirth" box="[317,468,994,1019]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="272 - 287" refId="ref198995" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1962) A reclassification of the Palpomyia - Bezzia-Macropeza groups, and a revision of the North American Sphaeromiini (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 55, 272 - 287." type="journal article" year="1962">Wirth (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
considered
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFD9D19F64F9CE1FE" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[613,748,995,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFD9D19F64F9CE1FE" box="[613,748,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. spinipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFC0A19F64914E1FE" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[1010,1124,995,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFC0A19F64914E1FE" box="[1010,1124,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">A. atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, I have not included it in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF6F1E134C65E61B" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,277,1030,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF6F1E134C65E61B" box="[151,277,1030,1055]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. I have not examined material of this species and know only that the adult female has spines on its femora; the sternite 8 tufts are not described and the male remains unknown. Like this and a number of other species presently in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFE741E5B4F44E663" box="[396,564,1102,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFE741E5B4F44E663" box="[396,564,1102,1127]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, reexamination of specimens is needed before the names are potentially transferred to the new genus. Of course, knowing the pupae of further species will certainly clarify their taxonomic position.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF3F1EAF4C27E45A" blockId="93.[151,1437,526,1631]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
All European species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFE0E1EAF4FEEE6D7" box="[502,670,1210,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFE0E1EAF4FEEE6D7" box="[502,670,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
fit the characterization of this genus (Patrycja Dominiak, pers. comm.). The female of the European/Asian species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFD1E1ECA4EE0E6F3" authorityName="Remm" authorityYear="1980" box="[742,912,1246,1271]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFD1E1ECA4EE0E6F3" box="[742,912,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. tianshanica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, however, has spines on the femora and welldeveloped sternite 8 setal tufts (Patrycja Dominiak, pers. comm.) and the male has basally fused parameres (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD73302BFAA81F174DA3E73B" author="Remm" firstAuthor="Remm" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="85 - 128" refId="ref193013" refString="Remm, H. (1980) New species of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from the Middle Asia. Tartu Riikliku Ulikooli Toimetised, 516, 85 - 128 [in Russian, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1980">Remm 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This suggests that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFE3E1F324F03E73B" authorityName="Remm" authorityYear="1980" box="[454,627,1318,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFE3E1F324F03E73B" box="[454,627,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. tianshanica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a true
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFD121F334EE2E73B" box="[746,914,1318,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFD121F334EE2E73B" box="[746,914,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but is the only species known with femoral spines.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD73302BFF131F5F4CB6E767" author="Debenham's" box="[235,454,1354,1379]" firstAuthor="Debenham's" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref180463" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1974) A revision of the Australian and New Guinea predatory Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 28, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1974">Debenham's (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFD971F5F4E67E767" box="[623,791,1354,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFD971F5F4E67E767" box="[623,791,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the included Australian species suggests that they all actually belong within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFE5A1F7B4F3AE783" box="[418,586,1390,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFE5A1F7B4F3AE783" box="[418,586,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The presence of femoral spines on the Afrotropical species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFAEA1F7A4CD1E7AF" authority="(de Meillon & Wirth 1981)" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFAEA1F7A481DE783" box="[1298,1389,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. kirki</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD73302BFA781F7B4CE9E7AF" author="de Meillon & Wirth" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon & Wirth 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may indicate they are members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFCC11F874EC7E7AF" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[825,951,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFCC11F874EC7E7AF" box="[825,951,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but the presence or absence of the female sternite 8 setal tufts is unknown and males are undescribed, making its placement uncertain. The African species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF6F1FCE4C70E7F6" box="[151,256,1499,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siricis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF6F1FCE4C70E7F6" box="[151,256,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. siricis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a female with spines on the forefemur and the male has separate parameres; although the condition of the female sternite 8 seta tufts is uncertain, I consider this sufficient evidence to place it in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFB7C1FEB4872E413" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1156,1282,1534,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFB7C1FEB4872E413" box="[1156,1282,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The Chinese species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF161C364C05E43E" box="[238,373,1571,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF161C364C05E43E" box="[238,373,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">M. yunnana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, known only as a female, has femora spines and lacks the sternite 8 setal tufts, indicating it too is an
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF2A1C534C20E45B" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[210,336,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF2A1C534C20E45B" box="[210,336,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD73302BFD481CA74E0CE4CE" box="[688,892,1714,1739]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFD481CA74E0CE4CE" blockId="93.[688,892,1714,1739]" box="[688,892,1714,1739]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFD481CA74E03E4CF" bold="true" box="[688,883,1714,1739]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Included species</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD73302BFF6F1CEF4C24E5EC" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="synonymic_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF6F1CEF48E6E514" blockId="93.[151,1435,1786,2024]" box="[151,1430,1786,1808]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF6F1CEF4F69E514" authority="(Wirth), 1962: 281" baseAuthorityName="Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="281" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[151,537,1786,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF6F1CEF4C25E514" box="[151,341,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wirth), 1962: 281
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFDD01CEF4FB0E514" box="[552,704,1786,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFDD01CEF4FB0E514" box="[552,704,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD73302BFD2D1CEE4E77E514" box="[725,775,1787,1808]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality: New Brunswick,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD73302BFBEF1CEE49FDE514" box="[1047,1165,1787,1808]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD73302BFB6F1CEF49BDE514" box="[1175,1229,1786,1808]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFB2F1CEE48E6E514" bold="true" box="[1239,1430,1786,1808]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF6F1D0B4E62E55C" blockId="93.[151,1435,1786,2024]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF6F1D0B4FB6E530" authority="(de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 550" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="550" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[151,710,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluminea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF6F1D0B4C1AE530" box="[151,362,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia fluminea</emphasis>
|
||||
(de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 550
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFD2E1D0B4E1EE530" box="[726,878,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFD2E1D0B4E1EE530" box="[726,878,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD73302BFC7D1D0A4EC7E530" box="[901,951,1823,1844]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality: Sand River between White River and Hazyview, E. Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD73302BFE3C1D574F39E55C" box="[452,585,1858,1880]" name="South Africa" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFDAB1D564E62E55C" bold="true" box="[595,786,1858,1880]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF6F1D73486BE578" blockId="93.[151,1435,1786,2024]" box="[151,1307,1894,1916]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF6F1D734F48E578" authority="(de Meillon), 1961: 50" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon" baseAuthorityPageNumber="50" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,568,1894,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siricis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF6F1D734C3DE578" box="[151,333,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia siricis</emphasis>
|
||||
(de Meillon), 1961: 50
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFDBF1D734FBAE578" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[583,714,1894,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFDBF1D734FBAE578" box="[583,714,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD73302BFD271D724E61E578" box="[735,785,1895,1916]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality: Fenerive,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD73302BFC2E1D734922E578" box="[982,1106,1894,1916]" name="Madagascar" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFBA41D72486BE578" bold="true" box="[1116,1307,1894,1916]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF6F1D9F486EE5A4" blockId="93.[151,1435,1786,2024]" box="[151,1310,1930,1952]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF6F1D9F4F53E5A4" authority="(Wirth), 1962: 283" baseAuthorityName="Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="283" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[151,547,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF6F1D9F4C2FE5A4" box="[151,351,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia texensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wirth), 1962: 283
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFDCA1D9F4FBAE5A4" box="[562,714,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFDCA1D9F4FBAE5A4" box="[562,714,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD73302BFD271D9E4E61E5A4" box="[735,785,1931,1952]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality: Kerrville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD73302BFC211D9E4966E5A4" box="[985,1046,1931,1952]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD73302BFBD81D9F4926E5A4" box="[1056,1110,1930,1952]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFBA71D9E486EE5A4" bold="true" box="[1119,1310,1930,1952]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD73302BFF6F1DBB4C24E5EC" blockId="93.[151,1435,1786,2024]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFF6F1DBB4F76E5C0" authority="(Yu & Zou)" baseAuthorityName="Yu & Zou" box="[151,518,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFF6F1DBB4C1EE5C0" box="[151,366,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Anebomyia yunnana</emphasis>
|
||||
(Yu & Zou)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD73302BFDC31DBA4E5AE5C0" author="Yu" box="[571,810,1966,1988]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yu" page="1503" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref200768" refString="Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. & Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China, Insecta, Diptera. Volumes 1 - 2. Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2005">Yu et al. 2005: 1503</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD73302BFCB81DBB4EA8E5C0" box="[832,984,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFCB81DBB4EA8E5C0" box="[832,984,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Malipo,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD73302BFBAC1DBA487DE5C0" box="[1108,1293,1966,1988]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD73302BFAE71DBB482FE5C0" box="[1311,1375,1966,1988]" name="China" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD73302BFA881DBA4C24E5EC" bold="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD703028FF3F1A824CAEE38C" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD703028FF3F1A824CAEE38C" blockId="94.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FF3F1A824F76E2B4" bold="true" box="[199,518,151,176]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD703028FDE31A8D4FFDE2AB" baseAuthorityName="Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[539,653,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FDE31A8D4FFDE2AB" box="[539,653,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">A. atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, North Burgess Township,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD703028FAB81A8248E8E2B4" box="[1344,1432,151,176]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD703028FF6F1AA94D9EE2D1" box="[151,238,188,213]" name="Canada" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD703028FEF91AA94CF5E2D1" box="[257,389,188,213]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1971-06-30">30-VI-1971</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Prince George County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD703028FF6F1ACA4C77E2FC" box="[151,263,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD703028FEEA1ACA4C3DE2FC" box="[274,333,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD703028FEA01ACA4CBFE2FC" box="[344,463,223,248]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1976-06-04">4-VI-1976</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD703028FC081ACA4919E2FC" box="[1008,1129,223,248]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1977-05-24">24-V-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 3 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD703028FE791B114F75E319" box="[385,517,260,285]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1977-06-13">13-VI-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 1977 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Lower 3 Runs Creek, Savannah R. Plantation, Barnwell County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD703028FC7E1B324944E344" box="[902,1076,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD703028FBBA1B32490DE344" box="[1090,1149,295,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD703028FB731B324874E344" box="[1163,1284,295,320]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1979-02-16">16-II-1979</date>
|
||||
(WLGC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD703028FA7C1B3D4D89E361" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluminea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD703028FA7C1B3D4D89E361" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">A. fluminea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD703028FE0B1B594F29E361" box="[499,601,332,357]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Sand River between White River and Hazyview, East Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD703028FAA31B594D92E38C" name="South Africa" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD703028FF141B7A4C1CE38C" box="[236,364,367,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1973-12-02">2-XII-1973</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
252
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD77302CFD831EDA49E0E77C.xml
Normal file
252
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD77302CFD831EDA49E0E77C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="3DCAB41C4BCD65AC812B5781B396C2DC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7F39E1DE55D86AE99DFC531F860BB714">
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<mods:title id="72A5F3C5060C207614E414B469C7FE06">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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|
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="861E689A09AE6F65A06460DE82C89D1D">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3CEE72B13A9D1E503DE4E70C4626C110">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="A1DC6CADB7D9022B62B3260656DD7826">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="27EFFB1BC7E22932B2830A3846BA92E3">
|
||||
<mods:date id="C712F6FC2D51F79FAFAF6D3BAA9BE407">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D2DD55E9CAA83CD270C9992D46BDD462" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="62516FBD3533CD972503452AE7BF9AD6">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:detail id="AA8B6B351C81A54394B1E5F27878CCF3" type="volume">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD77302CFD831EDA49E0E77C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593042" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593042" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD77302CFD831EDA49E0E77C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD77302CFD831EDA49E0E77C" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD77302FFD831EDA4EC8E6EE" box="[635,952,1231,1258]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD77302FFD831EDA4EC8E6EE" blockId="89.[508,1079,1231,1291]" box="[635,952,1231,1258]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFD831EDA4EC8E6EE" ID-CoL="56PJ" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[635,952,1231,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFD831EDA4EC8E6EE" bold="true" box="[635,952,1231,1258]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFD831EDA4E3AE6ED" bold="true" box="[635,842,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Johannsenomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
Malloch
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD77302FFE041EE74947E70F" box="[508,1079,1266,1291]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD77302FFE041EE74947E70F" blockId="89.[508,1079,1231,1291]" box="[508,1079,1266,1291]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFDFC1EE74F1DE70F" box="[516,621,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figs. 21J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFD801EE74FD9E70F" box="[632,681,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">27E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFD4C1EE74F95E70F" box="[692,741,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">30R</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFD081EE74E52E70F" box="[752,802,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">39D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFCD61EE74E11E70F" box="[814,865,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">45Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFC951EE74EEEE70F" box="[877,926,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">52C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFC511EE74EABE70F" box="[937,987,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">67B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFC1E1EE7495FE70F" box="[998,1071,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">76H–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD77302FFF6F1F2F483FE773" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD77302FFF6F1F2F483FE773" blockId="89.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFF6F1F2F4C44E757" bold="true" box="[151,308,1338,1363]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFE231F2F4FEAE757" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[475,666,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with abdominal segment 4 with all four lateral setae (L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV) arranged transversely, closely approximated and on the anterior half of segment (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFB231F4B4833E773" box="[1243,1347,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 67B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD77302CFF3F1F974F39E184" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD77302CFF3F1F974F39E184" blockId="89.[151,1437,1338,2011]" lastBlockId="90.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFF3F1F974CFAE79F" bold="true" box="[199,394,1410,1435]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD77302FFDBD1F974F9DE79E" box="[581,749,1410,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.705" metricValueMax="5.38" metricValueMin="4.03" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="4.705" valueMax="5.38" valueMin="4.03">4.03–5.38 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFC751FB34E8FE7BB" box="[909,1023,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFBF51FB34930E7BB" box="[1037,1088,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFD0F1FDF4E18E7E7" box="[759,872,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFC8C1FDF4ED9E7E7" box="[884,937,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFC451FDF4E8DE7E7" bold="true" box="[957,1021,1482,1507]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFB291FDF4840E7E7" box="[1233,1328,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 21J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFF6F1C074D8CE42F" box="[151,252,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFAC91C0748E4E42F" box="[1329,1428,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFD071C4F4E15E477" box="[767,869,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 39D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFB501C6B4874E493" box="[1192,1284,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 21J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeallabrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFF0B1CD34C27E4DB" box="[243,343,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFD601CD34F8CE4DB" box="[664,764,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFB491CD3487AE4DB" bold="true" box="[1201,1290,1734,1759]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFEEC1CFF4C08E507" box="[276,376,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFBAD1D1B49B0E523" box="[1109,1216,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 52C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFF671D274C7AE54F" box="[159,266,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 45Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.41–3.09, moderately elongate, swollen apically, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, tracheal tube straight, swollen curved apically in some, with spirals restricted to base, plates to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD77302FFECA1DD74CE7E5DF" box="[306,407,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 39D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFEF21A824C01E2B4" box="[266,369,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting or just anterior to anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFEBA1AA94CD9E2D1" box="[322,425,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 39D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFE101ACA4F36E2FC" box="[488,582,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
|
||||
); male with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg, female with apex of foreleg slightly anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally, small ventral lobe; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC9B1B324E8EE344" box="[867,1022,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFE7C1B594C84E361" box="[388,500,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 30R</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFC081B7A4925E38C" box="[1008,1109,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 52C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFBDC1B8149E8E3A9" bold="true" box="[1060,1176,404,429]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 1 medial spot, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with anterolateral spots difficult to discern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to slightly pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFEE418314CD6E039" box="[284,422,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs. 76H–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally to somewhat laterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFB7918524997E064" box="[1153,1255,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 52C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFE66189A4F72E0AC" box="[414,514,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 67B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on short tubercle, near L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV on anterior half of segment; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on short pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on rounded tubercles; V- 5-IV, V-6-IV closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD74302CFB3B1951486EE159" box="[1219,1310,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figs. 76</figureCitation>
|
||||
H-I)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD74302CFF3F19994806E60B" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD74302CFF3F19994806E60B" blockId="90.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFF3F19994F2AE1A1" bold="true" box="[199,602,908,933]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFD1C19994ED0E1A1" box="[740,928,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFD1C19994ED0E1A1" box="[740,928,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Johannsenomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 27 species from every Region worldwide but is absent from most of the Palaearctic (known only from north Africa) (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFB8819BA4861E1CC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1136,1297,943,968]" genus="Borkent" pageId="90" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFB8819BA4861E1CC" author="Borkent" box="[1136,1297,943,968]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been reared from river margins, lakes and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFD5319C14ED5E1E9" author="Knausenberger" box="[683,933,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
additionally recorded a species from a pond.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFF6F19E24C3EE614" author="Williams" box="[151,334,1015,1040]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="93 - 97" refId="ref198799" refString="Williams, R. W. (1955) Observations on some Heleidae (Diptera) of the psammolittoral zone of Douglas Lake, Michigan. Entomological News, 66, 93 - 97." type="journal article" year="1955">Williams (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described how mature larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFD4519EC4E33E614" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[701,835,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFD4519EC4E33E614" box="[701,835,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J. argentata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
burrowed into the sand on a lake beach to pupate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD74302CFF3F1E094962E709" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD74302CFF3F1E094962E709" blockId="90.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFF3F1E094F5EE631" bold="true" box="[199,558,1052,1077]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only one species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFCD41E094E98E631" box="[812,1000,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFCD41E094E98E631" box="[812,1000,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Johannsenomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been described as a pupa (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD74302CFAA91E094DB4E65C" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFF211E554C05E65C" author="Mayer" box="[217,373,1087,1112]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="30 - 34" refId="ref190614" refString="Mayer, K. (1957) Die Beschreibung der Puppen von Dicrohelea albidorsata de M. und Xenohelea galatea de M. mit einem Uberblick uber das System der Heleinae (Dipt. Heleidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 30 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19570040106" type="journal article" year="1957">Mayer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also described the pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFD561E544E91E65C" authority="(de Meillon)" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon" box="[686,993,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidorsata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFD561E544E3BE65C" box="[686,843,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J. albidorsata</emphasis>
|
||||
(de Meillon)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFBDE1E2A49D3E65C" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1062,1187,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dicrohelea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFBDE1E2A49D3E65C" box="[1062,1187,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Dicrohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) but I have examined the specimen and it is in fact a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFD8B1E704FCCE678" box="[627,700,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFD8B1E704FCCE678" box="[627,700,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Bezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFD331E714ED0E679" author="De Meillon" box="[715,928,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="De Meillon" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="332 - 385" refId="ref180864" refString="De Meillon, B. (1937) Entomological studies. Studies on insects of medical importance in South Africa and adjacent territories (Part IV). 2. Records and species from South Africa. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 7, 332 - 385." type="journal article" year="1937">De Meillon (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in his description of the adult actually noted that the pupal exuviae of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD74302CFE221E924F4CE6A4" box="[474,572,1159,1184]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
had been mixed with those of a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFC5C1E92496EE6A4" box="[932,1054,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Palpomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFC5C1E92496EE6A4" box="[932,1054,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Palpomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFB9F1E9D49C0E69B" box="[1127,1200,1160,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFB9F1E9D49C0E69B" box="[1127,1200,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Bezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and its identification was therefore uncertain.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFE531EB94F36E6C1" author="Mayer" box="[427,582,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="30 - 34" refId="ref190614" refString="Mayer, K. (1957) Die Beschreibung der Puppen von Dicrohelea albidorsata de M. und Xenohelea galatea de M. mit einem Uberblick uber das System der Heleinae (Dipt. Heleidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 30 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19570040106" type="journal article" year="1957">Mayer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
however was clearly unaware of the uncertain association and described the purported pupal exuviae as if it was that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFD7E1EC44E53E6EC" box="[646,803,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidorsata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFD7E1EC44E53E6EC" box="[646,803,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J. albidorsata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFCCA1EDA4E8EE6EC" author="Debenham" box="[818,1022,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref180463" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1974) A revision of the Australian and New Guinea predatory Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 28, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1974">Debenham (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
gave a brief synopsis of the pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFF6F1EE14C23E709" box="[151,339,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFF6F1EE14C23E709" box="[151,339,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Johannsenomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but based it on the misidentified description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD74302CFC881EE1497EE709" author="Mayer" box="[880,1038,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="30 - 34" refId="ref190614" refString="Mayer, K. (1957) Die Beschreibung der Puppen von Dicrohelea albidorsata de M. und Xenohelea galatea de M. mit einem Uberblick uber das System der Heleinae (Dipt. Heleidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 30 - 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19570040106" type="journal article" year="1957">Mayer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD74302CFF3F1F0249E0E77C" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD74302CFF3F1F0249E0E77C" blockId="90.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFF3F1F024F72E734" bold="true" box="[199,514,1303,1328]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD74302CFDEA1F0C4FEAE734" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[530,666,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD74302CFDEA1F0C4FEAE734" box="[530,666,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J. argentata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Storrs,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD74302CFC461F024938E734" box="[958,1096,1303,1328]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD74302CFBAD1F0249E0E734" box="[1109,1168,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD74302CFB641F024862E734" box="[1180,1298,1303,1328]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1953-06-01">1-VI-1953</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Prince George’s County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD74302CFC681F294970E751" box="[912,1024,1340,1365]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD74302CFBF41F294937E751" box="[1036,1095,1340,1365]" name="United States of America" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD74302CFBAB1F2949BBE751" box="[1107,1227,1340,1365]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1977-05-24">24-V-1977</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 6 pupal exuviae, Potomac River at Scott Run, Fairfax County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD74302CFD011F4A4E27E77C" box="[761,855,1375,1400]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD74302CFC9A1F4A4EEDE77C" box="[866,925,1375,1400]" name="United States of America" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD74302CFC501F4A496FE77C" box="[936,1055,1375,1400]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="1955-06-07">7-VI-1955</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
218
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD783021FDCA1FFA4F17E429.xml
Normal file
218
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD783021FDCA1FFA4F17E429.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
|
|||
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FDCA1FFA4970E40E" ID-CoL="5YSR" ID-ENA="1874494" authority="Wirth & Ratanaworabhan" authorityName="Wirth & Ratanaworabhan" box="[562,1024,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Neobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FDCA1FFA4FDCE40D" bold="true" box="[562,684,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Neobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth & Ratanaworabhan
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD783020FDF11C07495AE42F" box="[521,1066,1554,1579]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD783020FDF11C07495AE42F" blockId="86.[521,1066,1519,1579]" box="[521,1066,1554,1579]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FDEA1C074FF1E42F" box="[530,641,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 21G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FD741C074FCDE42F" box="[652,701,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">27C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FD301C074F84E42F" box="[712,756,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">30P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FD071C074E40E42F" box="[767,816,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">39B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FCC41C074E1FE42F" box="[828,879,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">45N</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FC821C074EDDE42F" box="[890,941,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">52A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FC401C074E99E42F" box="[952,1001,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">66C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FC0D1C074951E42F" box="[1013,1057,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">76F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD783020FF6F1C4F4988E4BF" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD783020FF6F1C4F4988E4BF" blockId="86.[151,1437,1626,2011]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FF6F1C4F4C44E477" bold="true" box="[151,308,1626,1651]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FE271C4F4FEEE477" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FC471C6B4956E493" box="[959,1062,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 52A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 1 with D-2- I and D-3-I well separated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FE341CB74F44E4BF" box="[460,564,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 52A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and abdominal segment 4 with L-1-IV a long seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FB7C1CB7499BE4BF" box="[1156,1259,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 66C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD783021FF3F1CD34FA2E6C1" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD783021FF3F1CD34FA2E6C1" blockId="86.[151,1437,1626,2011]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1436,151,1581]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FF3F1CD34CFAE4DB" bold="true" box="[199,394,1734,1759]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FDA01CD34FB6E4DA" box="[600,710,1734,1759]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="3.81">3.81 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FC8C1CFF4E94E507" box="[884,996,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FC171CFF4952E507" box="[1007,1058,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear extending into eye sheath (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FEC31D1B4CC2E523" box="[315,434,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FE3C1D1B4C9DE523" box="[452,493,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">79I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FDFE1D1B4F35E523" bold="true" box="[518,581,1806,1831]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FCDF1D1B4EE5E523" box="[807,917,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 21G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FBD41D2749E2E54F" box="[1068,1170,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FC3E1D43495CE56B" box="[966,1068,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FE001D8B4F2BE5B3" box="[504,603,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) barely anterior to equal to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD783020FBB01DD749C0E5DF" box="[1096,1200,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 21G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FF671AA94C73E2D1" box="[159,259,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FDD11AA94FFCE2D1" box="[553,652,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FBC61AA949E7E2D1" bold="true" box="[1086,1175,188,213]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FF671ACA4C73E2FC" box="[159,259,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD101B114E22E319" box="[744,850,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 52A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FBC31B1149D3E319" box="[1083,1187,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 45N</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 3.50, very short, squat, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface smooth, with short, wide pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to 1/3 length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD4F1B814E6CE3A9" box="[695,796,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD5A1BA24E78E3D4" box="[674,776,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knoblike extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FDF51BC94F02E3F1" box="[525,626,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD311BEA4E40E01C" box="[713,816,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short peg, 1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FE0818524F29E064" box="[496,601,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 31N</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FB321852485FE064" box="[1226,1327,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 30P</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like setae, D-4-T seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single, short tubercle, D- 3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC11189A4922E0AC" box="[1001,1106,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 52A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FC0E18A1491AE0C9" bold="true" box="[1014,1130,692,717]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light brown, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, 2 pairs on tergite 8, at least sternites 3–5 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot (sternites 6–7 membranous), segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, with sternites 6–7 each with membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FAFC19514817E159" box="[1284,1383,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 76F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FDE519994FF3E1A1" box="[541,643,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 52A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2- I, D-3-I well separated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC0D19BA492DE1CC" box="[1013,1117,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 66C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV peg-like setae, D-9-IV moderately elongate seta; D- 5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV elongate seta on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-7-IV short setae, V-6-IV elongate seta, on short or moderately elongate tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FA961E924DB3E6C1" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 76F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD793021FF3F1EDA4F1BE734" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD793021FF3F1EDA4F1BE734" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FF3F1EDA4F13E6EC" bold="true" box="[199,611,1231,1256]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FD001EDA4E1BE6EC" box="[760,875,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Neobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FD001EDA4E1BE6EC" box="[760,875,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Neobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from eight species in the Neotropical Region (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FF0F1EE14CE7E709" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[247,407,1268,1293]" genus="Borkent" pageId="87" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD793021FF0F1EE14CE7E709" author="Borkent" box="[247,407,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures were found in mats of the floating aquatic fern
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FBC71EE14867E709" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" box="[1087,1303,1268,1293]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Salviniaceae" genus="Salvinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Salviniales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FBC71EE14867E709" box="[1087,1303,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Salvinia auriculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in a lagoon or among plants and algal mats in a pond.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD793021FF3F1F294901E7E1" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD793021FF3F1F294901E7E1" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FF3F1F294F5BE751" bold="true" box="[199,555,1340,1365]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FCE61F294EE1E751" box="[798,913,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Neobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FCE61F294EE1E751" box="[798,913,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Neobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD793021FB7B1F294872E751" box="[1155,1282,1340,1365]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD793021FAEE1F294C75E77C" author="Ronderos" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ronderos" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="467 - 474" refId="ref193509" refString="Ronderos, M. M., Borkent, A., Marino, P. I., Spinelli, G. R. & Ferreira-Keppler, R. L. (2011) The previously unknown pupa and adult male of Neobezzia fittkaui Wirth & Ratanaworabhan (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55, 467 - 474. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000055" type="journal article" year="2011">Ronderos et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided detailed SEM photomicrographs as well as description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FBE11F7449F4E77C" box="[1049,1156,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Neobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkau">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FBE11F7449F4E77C" box="[1049,1156,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">N. fittkau</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. They reported the total length of male pupae as
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD793021FE5E1F914F39E79F" box="[422,585,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.64" metricValueMin="4.06" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.64" valueMin="4.06">4.06–4.64 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and that of females as
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD793021FCB01F914E9BE79F" box="[840,1003,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92" metricValueMax="4.98" metricValueMin="4.86" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.92" valueMax="4.98" valueMin="4.86">4.86–4.98 mm</quantity>
|
||||
but included the length of the terminal process (not included here). Regardless, this genus shows the sexual dimorphism in size present in all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FAFF1FB248ECE7C4" box="[1287,1436,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FF551FD94C34E7E1" box="[173,324,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FEB41FD84CF9E7E1" box="[332,393,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FE5F1FD94F40E7E1" box="[423,560,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FDB51FD94FA2E7E1" box="[589,722,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and some genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FC431FD9491DE7E1" box="[955,1133,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratopogonini">Ceratopogonini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD793021FF3F1FFA4F17E429" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD793021FF3F1FFA4F17E429" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FF3F1FFA4F77E40C" bold="true" box="[199,519,1519,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FDE51FE44FE3E40C" authorityName="Wirth & Ratanaworabhan" authorityYear="1972" box="[541,659,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Neobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FDE51FE44FE3E40C" box="[541,659,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Ilha da Marchantaria, Município de Iranduba, Amazonas,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD793021FEE31C014C12E429" box="[283,354,1556,1581]" name="Brazil" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD793021FE951C014C8BE429" box="[365,507,1556,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2010-07-27">27-VII-2010</date>
|
||||
(MLPA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
514
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD79302FFD521C6A4F11E679.xml
Normal file
514
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD79302FFD521C6A4F11E679.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="FD25F5B139D61D2F92FC9285479B73E0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C0C696C41B60567F37DE2B00848DA885">
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<mods:title id="79B81F3060D4A81234F8542C497AD6CC">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:title id="05939C7ADEE583C8E4701050437BC532">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1DA3A90013C0CE637FFB2529895D10F9">
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<mods:date id="7DAFB06379A42E5848A274F88EADE043">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B237B1D700D77C00D9ABE22A53976C28" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="C2E66DBE0B28AA66A0049DEBE941B942">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD79302FFD521C6A4F11E679" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593040" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD79302FFD521C6A4F11E679" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD79302FFD521C6A4F11E679" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD793021FD521C6A4EF8E49E" box="[682,904,1663,1690]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD793021FD521C6A4EF8E49E" blockId="87.[457,1130,1663,1723]" box="[682,904,1663,1690]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FD521C6A4EF8E49E" ID-CoL="6469" ID-ENA="1874307" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[682,904,1663,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FD521C6A4EF8E49E" bold="true" box="[682,904,1663,1690]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FD521C6A4E57E49D" bold="true" box="[682,807,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD793021FE311CB7491AE4BF" box="[457,1130,1698,1723]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD793021FE311CB7491AE4BF" blockId="87.[457,1130,1663,1723]" box="[457,1130,1698,1723]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FE291CB74F2AE4BF" box="[465,602,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs. 21H–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD9E1CB74FE8E4BF" box="[614,664,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">27D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD5C1CB74FA7E4BF" box="[676,727,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">30Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD1A1CB74E65E4BF" box="[738,789,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">33H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FCD81CB74E22E4BF" box="[800,850,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">39C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FCA51CB74EDBE4BF" box="[861,939,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">45O–P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC4E1CB74E97E4BF" box="[950,999,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">52B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC0A1CB74955E4BF" box="[1010,1061,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">67A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FBC91CB74913E4BF" box="[1073,1123,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">76G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD793021FF6F1CF14E83E56C" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD793021FF6F1CF14E83E56C" blockId="87.[151,1437,1764,2004]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FF6F1CF14C44E4F9" bold="true" box="[151,308,1764,1789]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FE271CF14FEEE4F9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC2E1D12494EE524" box="[982,1086,1799,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 52B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), thorax with D-5-T a peg-like seta (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FEF51D394C1DE541" box="[269,365,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 30P</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (or a short, stout seta, only in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD793021FD301D384E13E540" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[712,867,1837,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curticornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FD301D384E13E540" box="[712,867,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">N. curticornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, then on a well-developed tubercle,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FB011D394810E541" box="[1273,1376,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 30Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and abdominal segment 1 with D-2-I and D-3-I closely approximated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC781D5A4E97E56C" box="[896,999,1871,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 52B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD79302EFF3F1D6148EDE7DF" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD79302EFF3F1D6148EDE7DF" blockId="87.[151,1437,1764,2004]" lastBlockId="88.[151,1437,151,2035]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FF3F1D614CFAE589" bold="true" box="[199,394,1908,1933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD793021FDBD1D614F9DE58F" box="[581,749,1908,1933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.19" metricValueMax="7.16" metricValueMin="3.22" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="5.19" valueMax="7.16" valueMin="3.22">3.22–7.16 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC741D824E8EE5B4" box="[908,1022,1943,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FBF41D824930E5B4" box="[1036,1088,1943,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">33H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FD0A1DAE4E13E5D0" box="[754,867,1979,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FC971DAE4ED4E5D0" box="[879,932,1979,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">79H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD793021FC4F1DAE4E87E5D0" bold="true" box="[951,1015,1979,2004]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD793021FB321DAE4826E5D0" box="[1226,1366,1979,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs. 21H–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFF6F1AAE4D8CE2D0" box="[151,252,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFAD61AAE48E4E2D0" box="[1326,1428,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFC321B164942E318" box="[970,1074,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFF671B5F4C40E367" box="[159,304,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figs. 21H–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFD9F1B7B4FBFE383" box="[615,719,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—0–1 slender or 2 thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFB5B1B7B4879E383" box="[1187,1289,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFE341B874F55E3AF" bold="true" box="[460,549,402,427]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFC9E1B874EACE3AF" box="[870,988,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with very short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFD0A1BCC4E2DE3F6" box="[754,861,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 52B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFBB61BCC4990E3F6" box="[1102,1248,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figs. 45O–P</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.61–3.56, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with a few to numbers of wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFF6718994C76E0A1" box="[159,262,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFA9718994DB9E0CC" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 33H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2 or past tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFA9718BA4DB6E0E8" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFF6718E24C79E114" box="[159,265,759,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 33H</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short peg, 1 elongate seta (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFC67190E4977E130" box="[927,1031,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 31N</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFE9A192B4CB8E153" box="[354,456,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 30Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T peg-like or setae, D-4-T seta, D-5-T peg-like seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to slightly posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFF6719934C7DE19B" box="[159,269,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 52B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFED719BF4CD3E1C7" bold="true" box="[303,419,938,963]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light to dark brown, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, 2 pairs on tergite
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD76302EFCA819D84E0AE1E2" box="[848,890,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||||
some, sternites not pigmented or sternites 3–4 or sternites 3–7 (5–7 membranous and with single medial spot), 2 spots on sternite
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD76302EFBD419E44928E60E" box="[1068,1112,1009,1034]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||||
some, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, not membranous or with sternites 5–7 each with membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFE0B1E494F2CE671" box="[499,604,1116,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 76G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; apex of male genital lobe anterior or to level of base of terminal process (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFE091EB14F01E6B9" box="[497,625,1188,1213]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figs. 78I–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), except for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFD041EB04EF7E6B9" box="[764,903,1188,1213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schwarzii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFD041EB04EF7E6B9" box="[764,903,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">N. schwarzii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
where it extends to about half length of base of terminal process (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFE5A1ED24F78E6E4" box="[418,520,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="323.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[223,1353,186,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-194@323.[213,1373,183,1752]" captionTargetPageId="323" captionText="FIGURE 78. Abdominal segments 9. A. Palpomyia lineata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). B. Palpomyia lineata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). C. Palpomyia jonesi, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979. D. Palpomyia jonesi, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). E. Palpomyia belkini, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). F. Palpomyia belkini, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). G. Palpomyia rufa, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Palpomyia flaviceps, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). I. Phaenobezzia vacunae, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). J. Phaenobezzia mashonensis, male, in ventral view (from Haeselbarth 1965). K. Phaenobezzia opaca, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in dorsal view (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949332/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 78E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFD0A1ED24E28E6E4" box="[754,856,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="297.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-58@297.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="297" captionText="FIGURE 52. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Neobezzia fittkaui. B. Nilobezzia curticornis. C. Johannsenomyia argentata. D. Lanatomyia miles. E. Anebomyia atripes. F. Homohelea delanoe (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949234/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 52B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFA971EFE4DB7E72C" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="312.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[198,1410,217,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-53@312.[189,1420,211,1950]" captionTargetPageId="312" captionText="FIGURE 67. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Nilobezzia curticornis. B. Johannsenomyia argentata. C. Lanatomyia miles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949288/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 67A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9- IV; D-7-IV, if present, near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on rounded tubercle, near L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on short tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD76302EFCD31FD74EFEE7DF" box="[811,910,1474,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 76G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD76302EFF3F1FF04E3BE442" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD76302EFF3F1FF04E3BE442" blockId="88.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFF3F1FF04F15E7FA" bold="true" box="[199,613,1509,1534]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFD061FF04E04E7FA" box="[766,884,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFD061FF04E04E7FA" box="[766,884,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 74 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFEE61C1C4CCDE426" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[286,445,1545,1570]" genus="Borkent" pageId="88" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD76302EFEE61C1C4CCDE426" author="Borkent" box="[286,445,1545,1570]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; additional species below). Immatures are present in lakes, grassy wetlands, ponds, salt marshes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD76302EFEF91C384C9EE442" author="Knausenberger" box="[257,494,1581,1606]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), reservoirs, creeks, and rivers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD76302FFF3F1C444EA0E2F3" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD76302EFF3F1C444F83E4FC" blockId="88.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFF3F1C444F5DE46E" bold="true" box="[199,557,1617,1642]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: There are 17 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFCAA1C444EB8E46E" box="[850,968,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFCAA1C444EB8E46E" box="[850,968,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as pupae (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD76302EFB621C44486BE46E" box="[1178,1307,1617,1642]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Only two species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFF0D1C604CF0E489" box="[245,384,1652,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schwarzii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFF0D1C604CF0E489" box="[245,384,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">N. schwarzii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFE4E1C604F48E489" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[438,568,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mallochi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFE4E1C604F48E489" box="[438,568,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">N. mallochi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, have abdominal membranous discs (see character 50). Nearly all male pupae have short genital lobes, not extending posteriorly past the base of the terminal processes, reflecting the short, modified male adult genitalia; only those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFD761CA84E6BE4D1" box="[654,795,1724,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schwarzii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFD761CA84E6BE4D1" box="[654,795,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">N. schwarzii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have more elongate genital lobes (even though the male adult genitalia doesn't seem disproportionally longer).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD76302EFF3F1D164969E544" blockId="88.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFF3F1D164FF9E518" authority="(de Meillon & Wirth)" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[199,649,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theileri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFF3F1D164CE5E518" box="[199,405,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nilobezzia theileri</emphasis>
|
||||
(de Meillon & Wirth)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was originally described as a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFC2F1D1648ECE518" authority="(de Meillon & Wirth 1981)" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[983,1436,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFC2F1D164918E518" box="[983,1128,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD76302EFB8F1D1648E4E518" author="de Meillon & Wirth" box="[1143,1428,1795,1820]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon & Wirth 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but is here considered a member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFDDF1D324FEDE544" box="[551,669,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFDDF1D324FEDE544" box="[551,669,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a new combination as follows:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD76302EFF6F1D5E4911E560" blockId="88.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,1121,1867,1892]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFF6F1D5E4FA5E560" authority="(de Meillon & Wirth), 1981:552" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="552" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[151,725,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theileri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFF6F1D5E4C15E560" box="[151,357,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nilobezzia theileri</emphasis>
|
||||
(de Meillon & Wirth), 1981:552
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFD1C1D5E4E05E560" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[740,885,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFD1C1D5E4E05E560" box="[740,885,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFC751D5E4911E560" bold="true" box="[909,1121,1867,1892]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">new combination.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD76302EFF3F1D7B4C3DE5F7" blockId="88.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
The pupa has the diagnostic features of this genus and reexamination of the adult
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD76302EFBAC1D7B49C6E583" box="[1108,1206,1902,1927]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
shows that the basal tooth of the claws of the adult female are actually outer and not inner, as described and inaccurately illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD76302EFF6F1DA34CB7E5CB" author="de Meillon & Wirth" box="[151,455,1974,1999]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon & Wirth (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The adult actually keys to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD76302EFD0E1DA34E1CE5CB" box="[758,876,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD76302EFD0E1DA34E1CE5CB" box="[758,876,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the key to the Afrotropical fauna by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD76302EFADB1DA34C39E5F7" author="de Meillon & Wirth" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="27 - 147" refId="ref181099" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1991) The genera and subgenera (excluding Culicoides) of the Afrotropical Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 32, 27 - 147." type="journal article" year="1991">de Meillon & Wirth (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD77302FFF3F1A824EA0E2F3" blockId="89.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD77302FFF3F1A824CD7E2B4" author="Elson-Harris" box="[199,423,151,176]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref182239" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1987) The immature stages of some Australian Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 26, 45 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1987. tb 00258. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Elson-Harris (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
keyed the pupae of six Australian species.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD77302FFC7E1A824916E2B4" author="Elson-Harris" box="[902,1126,151,176]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
used the position of L-3-IV ventral to L-1-IV (her lpm ii "in line with" lasm) to distinguish Australian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFC2A1AA94938E2D1" box="[978,1096,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFC2A1AA94938E2D1" box="[978,1096,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Australian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFAFE1AA9481DE2D1" box="[1286,1389,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Hebetula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFAFE1AA9481DE2D1" box="[1286,1389,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Hebetula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFF6F1AF54C6DE2F3" box="[151,285,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Lanatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFF6F1AF54C6DE2F3" box="[151,285,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Lanatomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and this feature does indeed work for known Australian taxa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD77302FFF3F1B114F11E679" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD77302FFF3F1B114F11E679" blockId="89.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFF3F1B114F70E319" bold="true" box="[199,512,260,285]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFDF71B104F0EE318" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[527,638,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aranea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFDF71B104F0EE318" box="[527,638,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. aranea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFC921B114EA0E319" box="[874,976,260,285]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFB381B11486FE319" box="[1216,1311,260,285]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Breakfast Creek, Spencer,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFEA31B3D4F42E344" box="[347,562,295,320]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFDBB1B324FDDE344" box="[579,685,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFD461B324E59E344" box="[702,809,295,320]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1965-02-04">4-II-1965</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFB611B32498EE344" box="[1177,1278,295,320]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFF001B594C1DE361" box="[248,365,332,357]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1969-03-03">3-III-1969</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, McCarrs Creek,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFCA61B59495CE361" box="[862,1068,332,357]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFBC01B5949D1E361" box="[1080,1185,332,357]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFB561B59486EE361" box="[1198,1310,332,357]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1969-01-22">22-I-1969</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Oystershell Road,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFDD11B654E70E38C" box="[553,768,367,392]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFCE91B7A4E0BE38C" box="[785,891,367,392]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFC731B7A4E87E38C" box="[907,1015,367,392]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1965-02-04">4-II-1965</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFB971B64485DE38C" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[1135,1325,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basispinigera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFB971B64485DE38C" box="[1135,1325,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. basispinigera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Warregor, Engonia,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFE1A1B814FC0E3A9" box="[482,688,404,429]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFD451B814E56E3A9" box="[701,806,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFCCB1B814EB0E3A9" box="[819,960,404,429]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1963-12-11">11-XII-1963</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFBD71B8049BFE3A9" authorityName="Waugh & Wirth" authorityYear="1976" box="[1071,1231,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dasyhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFBD71B8049BFE3A9" box="[1071,1231,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Ft. Summer #1, DeBaca County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFDDE1BAD4FCFE3D4" box="[550,703,439,464]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFD281BA24E7BE3D4" box="[720,779,439,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFCE31BA24EC1E3D4" box="[795,945,439,464]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1967-08-21">21-VIII-1967</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Bitter Lakes, Chaues County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFEB71BC94C93E3F1" box="[335,483,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFE161BC94F59E3F1" box="[494,553,476,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFDCC1BC94FBBE3F1" box="[564,715,476,501]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1967-08-17">17-VIII-1967</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFCBB1BC84EAFE3F0" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[835,991,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curticornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFCBB1BC84EAFE3F0" box="[835,991,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. curticornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFBF51BC849A3E3F0" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[1037,1235,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triquetrinotata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFBF51BC849A3E3F0" box="[1037,1235,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. triquetrinotata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
): 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFF461BEA4C50E01C" box="[190,288,511,536]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFEBE18144F7CE013" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[326,524,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triquetrinotata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFEBE18144F7CE013" box="[326,524,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. triquetrinotata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), Griffith,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFD7E18154E22E01C" box="[646,850,511,536]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFCA51BEA4EB7E01C" box="[861,967,511,536]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFC291BEA4926E01C" box="[977,1110,511,536]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1956-11-15">15-XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFF6F18314D81E039" box="[151,241,548,573]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFEE218304C91E038" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[282,481,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triquetrinotata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFEE218304C91E038" box="[282,481,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. triquetrinotata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), 6 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFD1918314E3DE038" box="[737,845,548,572]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFC8D1830494DE038" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[885,1085,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triquetrinotata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFC8D1830494DE038" box="[885,1085,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. triquetrinotata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), previous locality (ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFA7A18304D83E064" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFA7A18304D83E064" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. formosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Kozennyi Torets river, Raigorodok,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFCAE18524950E064" box="[854,1056,583,608]" country="Ukraine" name="Donets'k" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Donetsk Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFBD4185249F9E064" box="[1068,1161,583,608]" name="Ukraine" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFB6C18524847E064" box="[1172,1335,583,608]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1970-05-19" valueMax="1970-05-30" valueMin="1970-05-19">19–30-V-1970</date>
|
||||
(ZIN); 2 pupal, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFE3018794F4BE081" box="[456,571,620,645]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1970-04-01">1-IV-1970</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFD6918784E5BE081" box="[657,811,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscitarsus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFD6918784E5BE081" box="[657,811,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. fuscitarsus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Darban,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFBA018794853E081" box="[1112,1315,620,645]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFAD7187948E8E081" box="[1327,1432,620,645]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFF6F189A4C61E0AC" box="[151,273,655,680]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1985-10-28">28-X-1985</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 2 pupal exuviae, Humpty Doo,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFCE3189A4E84E0AC" box="[795,1012,655,680]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFBF0189A4902E0AC" box="[1032,1138,655,680]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFB7E189A4875E0AC" box="[1158,1285,655,680]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1958-12-05">5-XII-1958</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFA7A18844C7FE0C8" baseAuthorityName="Macfie" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFA7A18844C7FE0C8" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. neotropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Lago Monte Aleque,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFD3418A14E0EE0C9" box="[716,894,692,717]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Sao Paulo State</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFC7118A14EA0E0C9" box="[905,976,692,717]" name="Brazil" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFC2318A1492BE0C9" box="[987,1115,692,717]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="2000-07-05">5-VII-2000</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFB3D18A0484AE0C9" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1221,1338,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFB3D18A0484AE0C9" box="[1221,1338,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. robusta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae; Douglas,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFE9518C24F66E0F4" box="[365,534,727,752]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFDDC18C24FCAE0F4" box="[548,698,727,752]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFD3F18C24E47E0F4" box="[711,823,727,752]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1974-01-23">23-I-1974</date>
|
||||
(NMSA); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFB6718C24874E0F4" box="[1183,1284,727,752]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Berg River, Piquetberg,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFEE718E94CC2E111" box="[287,434,764,789]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFE4718E94F32E111" box="[447,578,764,789]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1953-03-16">16-III-1953</date>
|
||||
(SAIM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFD4A18E84E4FE111" box="[690,831,764,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schwarzii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFD4A18E84E4FE111" box="[690,831,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. schwarzii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3 pupal exuviae, Lake Providence,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFB2718E94820E111" box="[1247,1360,764,789]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFAA518E948E8E111" box="[1373,1432,764,789]" name="United States of America" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFF6F190A4D8FE13C" box="[151,255,799,824]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1953-07">VII-1953</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 3 pupal exuviae, Sanibel Island, Lee County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFBF9190A494CE13C" box="[1025,1084,799,824]" name="United States of America" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFBB3190A49B2E13C" box="[1099,1218,799,824]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1973-05-11">11-V-1973</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Munson, Leon County, Florida,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFD5519514F98E159" box="[685,744,836,861]" name="United States of America" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFD0C19514EFBE159" box="[756,907,836,861]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1987-08-17">17-VIII-1987</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD77302FFC6419514E95E159" box="[924,997,836,861]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">JHEC</collectionCode>
|
||||
); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD77302FFB4619514989E159" box="[1214,1273,836,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||||
N of Caldera,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFF6F19724C63E184" box="[151,275,871,896]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFEE619724CDCE184" box="[286,428,871,896]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1993-12-17">17-XII-1993</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFDED197C4FF6E184" baseAuthorityName="de Meillon & Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[533,646,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theileri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFDED197C4FF6E184" box="[533,646,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. theileri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFC8B19724EA8E184" box="[883,984,871,896]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
; with adult female), Loutpan, Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFF6F19994C5CE1A1" box="[151,300,908,933]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFEC119994CDAE1A1" box="[313,426,908,933]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1974-01-10">10-I-1974</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFDDE19984FE2E1A0" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[550,658,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virago">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFDDE19984FE2E1A0" box="[550,658,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. virago</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Darwin,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFC37199949D1E1A1" box="[975,1185,908,933]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFB5619994868E1A1" box="[1198,1304,908,933]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFADE199948ECE1A1" box="[1318,1436,908,933]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1958-06-07">7-VI-1958</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD77302FFD5219BA4E78E1CC" box="[682,776,943,968]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Gove,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFC9219BA494CE1CC" box="[874,1084,943,968]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFBB019BA49C2E1CC" box="[1096,1202,943,968]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFB4719BA4863E1CC" box="[1215,1299,943,968]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1970-02">II-1970</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD77302FFA7A19A44D8CE1E9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whartoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFA7A19A44D8CE1E9" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N. whartoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Spencer,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFDC419C14E7AE1E9" box="[572,778,980,1005]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFCE019C14EF1E1E9" box="[792,897,980,1005]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFC7719C14E8AE1E9" box="[911,1018,980,1005]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1965-02-04">4-II-1965</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 8 pupal exuviae, Breakfast Creek, Spencer,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFEAA19ED4F50E614" box="[338,544,1015,1040]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFDD519E24FE6E614" box="[557,662,1015,1040]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFD5B19E24E7FE614" box="[675,783,1015,1040]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1965-02-04">4-II-1965</date>
|
||||
(ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Oystershell Road.,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFAE519ED4DAEE631" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFF111E094C22E631" box="[233,338,1052,1077]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFEA61E094CB9E631" box="[350,457,1052,1077]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1965-02-04">4-II-1965</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD77302FFDCD1E084F38E630" box="[565,584,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">N</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, Constance Bay,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFC031E094923E631" box="[1019,1107,1052,1077]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFBA71E0949C6E631" box="[1119,1206,1052,1077]" name="Canada" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFB391E094848E631" box="[1217,1336,1052,1077]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1979-06-08">8-VI-1979</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Kruger National Park,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFCF81E2A4EE4E65C" box="[768,916,1087,1112]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(ANIC); 9 pupal exuviae, Bindoon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD77302FFAB91E554C71E679" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD77302FFEF41E714C05E679" box="[268,373,1124,1149]" name="Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD77302FFE781E714C8BE679" box="[384,507,1124,1149]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1985-10-27">27-X-1985</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
541
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7A3020FD561C444FD6E799.xml
Normal file
541
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7A3020FD561C444FD6E799.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
|
|||
<document id="A81F0B4655469D273BA0E5380B448D49" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD7A3020FD561C444FD6E799" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Probezzia Kieffer" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="FA711438E9EB10EA16EF5EF250B038ED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="CB7806DCF9463557C2DFE0A3EF1D9892">
|
||||
<mods:title id="2C7F1B1D17D7ABD4B2F4C8D597EB7ECB">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="9194AAA12BCE0D269D4F12677FBE4ED5" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="DD674DC15718B4DE4F39D26833FE78D9">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="911B3216216DBD33617E8F6E2422E54F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="540527FE794A0F7A61C7A6E2CC0F3B65">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="625552274C9BA5AEAE47907964643E8E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="CD7DE7F22E59E876172CEEC3B6184F90" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="3D61913DA0A8AED7E337701502BE5565">
|
||||
<mods:title id="81B50468CF9F01B69DB7662444C1C015">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="E82D4AA1F3A43A280AAE59DB59363DB3">
|
||||
<mods:date id="7D72D5DA63042D443712447A041D2844">2014</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="F9F7EB5E1AD1F1D4517DE3BC64C4FFF6" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="2F66D8AD0C4E0D583C9F67C2EA50F97B">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="9CCEB9F2FBB7A1881EE25396F86D0D67" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="7A926915B14C58A27A155FA7B39A3201">3879</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="4316875B4DF5394506CE24023EDB64F9" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="C85EB03FE3AE47A1EBEEE04BB1B56D95">1</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="736EFA3A2A1AB579C04799DF419EDA9C" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="FD1EFC726536A22F72D97484EABB2046">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="C200F7E58B7DF039F888ACF4924A4F89">327</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="CA98F6F6F211F8D5934C1882FEDD3DEA">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="72DF3201DB47F7E88A59F770C5795F31" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="FF37152AA330D7F1600839ABD8D87A26" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B6D5A99BCA1A98706F34D2BE12BF738A" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="83C2231EF0962566040B7A1194817FF0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="81A235DCD71771DB711290E5466B78F9" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F16012012B1009FE1D1E017633810A30" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="027587C9BD7A3020FD561C444FD6E799" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593034" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD7A3020FD561C444FD6E799" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD7A3020FD561C444FD6E799" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7A3022FD561C444EF4E46F" box="[686,900,1617,1643]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7A3022FD561C444EF4E46F" blockId="84.[443,1144,1617,1677]" box="[686,900,1617,1643]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FD561C444EF4E46F" ID-CoL="6W35" ID-ENA="209718" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[686,900,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FD561C444EF4E46F" bold="true" box="[686,900,1617,1643]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FD561C444E53E46F" bold="true" box="[686,803,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Probezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7A3022FE431C614908E489" box="[443,1144,1652,1677]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7A3022FE431C614908E489" blockId="84.[443,1144,1617,1677]" box="[443,1144,1652,1677]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FE3B1C614F5EE489" box="[451,558,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FDC21C614F1BE489" box="[570,619,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">27B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FD8E1C614FD9E489" box="[630,681,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">30O</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FD4D1C614F97E489" box="[693,743,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">31N</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FD0B1C614E53E489" box="[755,803,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">33G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FCD61C614E11E489" box="[814,865,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">39A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FC941C614EB3E489" box="[876,963,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">45L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FC361C614E8AE489" box="[974,1018,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">51F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FBFD1C614946E489" box="[1029,1078,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">66B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FBBA1C614901E489" box="[1090,1137,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">76E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7A3022FF6F1CA94C63E544" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7A3022FF6F1CA94C63E544" blockId="84.[151,1437,1724,2036]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FF6F1CA94C44E4D1" bold="true" box="[151,308,1724,1749]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FE271CA94FEEE4D1" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FC3A1CCA4955E4FC" box="[962,1061,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 51F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 1 with D-2- I and D-3-I well separated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FE321D164F5DE518" box="[458,557,1795,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 51F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with L-1-IV a short seta and D-5-IV on a bifid tubercle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FF671D324C76E544" box="[159,262,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 66B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7A3023FF3F1D5E48ECE77C" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7A3023FF3F1D5E48ECE77C" blockId="84.[151,1437,1724,2036]" lastBlockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FF3F1D5E4CFAE560" bold="true" box="[199,394,1867,1892]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FDBD1D5E4F9DE566" box="[581,749,1867,1892]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.234999999999999" metricValueMax="5.56" metricValueMin="2.91" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="4.234999999999999" valueMax="5.56" valueMin="2.91">2.91–5.56 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FC821D7A4EAEE58C" box="[890,990,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FC131D7A496EE58C" box="[1003,1054,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">33G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear extending into eye sheath (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FEC41D864CC3E5A8" box="[316,435,1939,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FE3D1D864C9EE5A8" box="[453,494,1939,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">79I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FDF01D864F38E5A8" bold="true" box="[520,584,1939,1964]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FCD21D864EE4E5A8" box="[810,916,1939,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FBD41DA249E2E5D4" box="[1068,1170,1975,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FC3E1DCE495CE5F0" box="[966,1068,2011,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FE0F1AA94F2CE2D1" box="[503,604,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 39A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) barely anterior to equal to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FBB41ACA49DFE2FC" box="[1100,1199,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FF671B324C75E344" box="[159,261,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 moderately to very thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FCE11B324E0FE344" box="[793,895,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FAC41B3248E5E344" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,295,320]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FE621B594C8EE361" box="[410,510,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed nearly even width to narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short to moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FDF91B814F19E3A9" box="[513,617,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 51F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FCA41B814E85E3A9" box="[860,1013,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs. 45L–M</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.61–4.00, short to intermediate length, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with a few to numbers of wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with very short, pale posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FC5618314967E039" box="[942,1047,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 39A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FC8B18524EABE064" box="[883,987,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 33G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FD2B18794E48E081" box="[723,824,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="284.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,215,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-65@284.[170,1401,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="284" captionText="FIGURE 39. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Probezzia sabroskyi. B. Neobezzia fittkaui. C. Nilobezzia sp. (from Australia). D. Johannsenomyia argentata. E. Lanatomyia electra. F. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949198/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 39A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FCD6189A4EE9E0AC" box="[814,921,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 33G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally or small gap between the two; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short peg or short thick seta, 1 elongate seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FC9C18C24EBCE0F4" box="[868,972,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 31N</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FED618E94CE6E111" box="[302,406,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 30O</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like setae, D-4-T seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FA97190A4DB4E159" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 51F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FF6F19724C7BE184" bold="true" box="[151,267,871,896]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light brown in some; with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, 2 pairs on tergite
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7B3023FD5619994FACE1A1" box="[686,732,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||||
some, sternites 3–4 (5–7 membranous) or sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed or bifid, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, not membranous or with 5–7 or 6–7 each with membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FB5D19E24878E614" box="[1189,1288,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 76E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FDFE1E2A4F17E65C" box="[518,615,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 51F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I moderately or well separated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FB791E714993E679" box="[1153,1251,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 66B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3- IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV short seta, D-9-IV moderately elongate seta; D-5-IV on single, bifid tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9- IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short to moderately elongate seta on rounded tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV moderately elongate seta on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V- 7-IV short setae, V-6-IV elongate seta, on short or moderately elongate tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7B3023FCD51F4A4EFDE77C" box="[813,909,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 76E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7B3023FF3F1F914EB4E429" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7B3023FF3F1F914EB4E429" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FF3F1F914F15E799" bold="true" box="[199,613,1412,1437]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7B3023FD051F914E1CE799" box="[765,876,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FD051F914E1CE799" box="[765,876,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Probezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 28 species, all restricted to the Holarctic Region (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7B3023FE931FB24F7EE7C4" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[363,526,1447,1472]" genus="Borkent" pageId="85" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7B3023FE931FB24F7EE7C4" author="Borkent" box="[363,526,1447,1472]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Larvae are present in the benthos of lakes, reservoirs, rivers and streams and pupae can be found on their margins. The pupae of some species are particularly common in the flotsam on beaches (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7B3023FF661FFA4C3AE40C" author="Williams" box="[158,330,1519,1544]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="93 - 97" refId="ref198799" refString="Williams, R. W. (1955) Observations on some Heleidae (Diptera) of the psammolittoral zone of Douglas Lake, Michigan. Entomological News, 66, 93 - 97." type="journal article" year="1955">Williams 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pers. obs.).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7B3023FE271FFA4FACE40C" author="Knausenberger" box="[479,732,1519,1544]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provides detailed information on the behaviour, ecology and distribution of the immatures of a number of species in the eastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7B3023FC7D1C014EB1E429" box="[901,961,1556,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7B3023FF3F1C224FE0E5DF" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7B3023FF3F1C224868E52C" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FF3F1C224F5CE454" bold="true" box="[199,556,1591,1616]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of 14 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7B3023FC8B1C224E92E454" box="[883,994,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FC8B1C224E92E454" box="[883,994,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Probezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been described (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD7B3023FB241C22482CE454" box="[1244,1372,1591,1616]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The abdominal membranous discs are present or absent in different species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7B3023FC341C49494BE471" box="[972,1083,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FC341C49494BE471" box="[972,1083,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Probezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and it is clear that the feature is homoplastic within the genus, with even otherwise very similar species with or without the discs.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7B3023FB0B1C6A4D91E4B9" author="Knausenberger" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
discussed the puzzling presence or absence but could not indicate a related ecological factor to explain this character state distribution. Pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7B3023FDC71CDC4FBCE4DB" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[575,716,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FDC71CDC4FBCE4DB" box="[575,716,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. seminigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have abdominal membranous discs on sternites 5–7. However,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD7B3023FF6F1CF94D8EE501" box="[151,254,1772,1797]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||||
, certainly conspecific with others from the same locality, had discs on only the posterior half of 5 and then full ones on 6–7, indicating intraspecific variation. The feature is discussed further under Character 50.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7B3023FF3F1D214FE0E5DF" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
Study of a series of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7B3023FE5F1D214F1DE549" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1914" box="[423,621,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7B3023FE5F1D214F1DE549" box="[423,621,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Probezzia pallida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indicated that at least three species are actually present under this name. Specimens from each of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7B3023FE561D424F3BE574" box="[430,587,1879,1904]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, of Ottawa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7B3023FD2C1D424E59E574" box="[724,809,1879,1904]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and Allegeny,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7B3023FC2C1D4D4937E574" box="[980,1095,1879,1904]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and of other localities in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7B3023FA9F1D4D4DBEE591" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
could be distinguished based on the presence or absence of pupal abdominal membranous discs, shapes and sizes of pupal CL-1-H, D-1-T and D-2-T, size and pigmentation of male adult antenna, size of female adult claws, and pigmentation of female adult postnotum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD783020FF3F1A824FD6E799" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD783020FF3F1A824FD6E799" blockId="86.[151,1440,151,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FF3F1A824F70E2B4" bold="true" box="[199,512,151,176]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FDF71A8C4FF9E2B4" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1971" box="[527,649,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albitibia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FDF71A8C4FF9E2B4" box="[527,649,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. albitibia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3 pupal exuviae (of paratypess), Algonquin Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FB381A824868E2B4" box="[1216,1304,151,176]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FADB1A82480AE2B4" box="[1315,1402,151,176]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FA7D1A824D86E2D1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1960-06-08">8- VI-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Meachum Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD031AA94E03E2D1" box="[763,883,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FC781AA94ECBE2D1" box="[896,955,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC311AA9493CE2D1" box="[969,1100,188,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986-06-21">21-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 3 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD783020FF6F1ACA4C77E2FC" box="[151,263,223,248]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Blue Mountain Lake, Hamilton County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD151AF54E15E2FC" box="[749,869,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FC8A1ACA4EDDE2FC" box="[882,941,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC421ACA494FE2FC" box="[954,1087,223,248]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1960-06-10">10-VI-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD783020FF6F1B114C77E319" box="[151,263,260,285]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Piercefield, St. Lawrence County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD391B114E4EE319" box="[705,830,260,285]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FCA91B114EFCE319" box="[849,908,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC671B114953E319" box="[927,1059,260,285]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-06-26">26-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD783020FF6F1B324D8CE344" box="[151,252,295,320]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Potomac River at Scott Run, Fairfax County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FCCC1B324EE2E344" box="[820,914,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC5A1B324968E344" box="[930,1048,295,320]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1955-06-04">4-VI-1955</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FB631B3C485FE344" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1179,1327,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavonigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FB631B3C485FE344" box="[1179,1327,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. flavonigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FF071B594C3AE361" box="[255,330,332,357]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||||
SW of Anahim Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FDA01B594E6FE361" box="[600,799,332,357]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FCD61B594EF5E361" box="[814,901,332,357]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC6B1B594963E361" box="[915,1043,332,357]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1992-07-03">3-VII-1992</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae, Canoe,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FF6F1B7A4C2EE38C" box="[151,350,367,392]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE951B7A4CB4E38C" box="[365,452,367,392]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FE2A1B7A4F10E38C" box="[466,608,367,392]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1990-07-15">15-VII-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 5 pupal exuviae, Sicamous,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FBE11B7A4991E38C" box="[1049,1249,367,392]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FB171B7A4836E38C" box="[1263,1350,367,392]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FAAD1B7A4DBFE3A9" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1989-07-08">8-VII- 1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FDDE1B814F06E3A9" box="[550,630,404,429]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
|
||||
E of Enderby,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FCB91B81497FE3A9" box="[833,1039,404,429]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FBDB1B81490AE3A9" box="[1059,1146,404,429]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FB761B81486CE3A9" box="[1166,1308,404,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1989-07-13">13-VII-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FA7F1B804C65E3D4" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FA7F1B804C65E3D4" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. fuscipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 6 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FE081BA24F44E3D4" box="[496,564,439,464]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||||
SE of Middleburg, Lake Dunmore,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FC251BAD4930E3CB" box="[989,1088,440,463]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FBB71BA249FAE3D4" box="[1103,1162,439,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FB601BA2486CE3D4" box="[1176,1308,439,464]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986-06-23">23-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD783020FE951BC94CA2E3F1" box="[365,466,476,501]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Blue Mountain Lake, Hamilton County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FC381BC9494AE3F1" box="[960,1082,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FBB01BC949F3E3F1" box="[1096,1155,476,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FB6A1BC94866E3F1" box="[1170,1302,476,501]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1960-06-10">10-VI-1960</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FA7F1BC84D96E01C" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FA7F1BC84D96E01C" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. pallida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae, Rideau River, Ottawa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD2B1BEA4E5BE01C" box="[723,811,511,536]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FCC31BEA4EE2E01C" box="[827,914,511,536]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC591BEA494BE01C" box="[929,1083,511,536]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1960-05-29">29-May-1960</date>
|
||||
(1 CNCI, 3 USNM); 6 pupal exuviae, White Earth River, Mountrail County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD2E18314E09E039" box="[726,889,548,573]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FC7318314EB6E039" box="[907,966,548,573]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC201831493EE039" box="[984,1102,548,573]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1969-06-07">7-VI-1969</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FE75185D4F75E064" box="[397,517,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FDEB18524F3EE064" box="[531,590,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FDA418524FA4E064" box="[604,724,583,608]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Piercefield, St. Lawrence County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FF6F18794C7FE081" box="[151,271,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FEE518794C28E081" box="[285,344,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FE9E18794C9AE081" box="[358,490,620,645]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-06-26">26-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Genesee River, Portageville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FB7918794989E081" box="[1153,1273,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FAFF18794832E081" box="[1287,1346,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FAA818794DBFE0AC" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-06-13">13-VI- 1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, no locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FD4C189A4E62E0AC" box="[692,786,655,680]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1953-06">VI-1953</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FC6F1884496FE0AC" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1951" box="[919,1055,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosewalli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FC6F1884496FE0AC" box="[919,1055,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. rosewalli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD783020FAD3189A48E0E0AC" box="[1323,1424,655,680]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Kilbourne,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FEE318A14CFCE0C9" box="[283,396,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE6418A14CA7E0C9" box="[412,471,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FE1F18A14F2FE0C9" box="[487,607,692,717]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1947-05-10">10-V-1947</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FD1918A04E1BE0C9" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1951" box="[737,875,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabroskyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FD1918A04E1BE0C9" box="[737,875,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. sabroskyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FBB418A149E8E0C9" box="[1100,1176,692,717]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Okanagan Falls,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FF6F18C24C2EE0F4" box="[151,350,727,752]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE9518C24CB4E0F4" box="[365,452,727,752]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FE2A18C24F3BE0F4" box="[466,587,727,752]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1989-05-14">14-V-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Meachum Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FBB018CD49B1E0F4" box="[1096,1217,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FB3718C2487AE0F4" box="[1231,1290,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FAE018C248ECE0F4" box="[1304,1436,727,752]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986-06-21">21-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD3F18E94E31E111" box="[711,833,764,789]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FCA818E94EFBE111" box="[848,907,764,789]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC6218E94962E111" box="[922,1042,764,789]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FB6B18E84853E110" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1171,1315,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FB6B18E84853E110" box="[1171,1315,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. seminigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 12 pupal exuviae, Cottonwood Lake,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FE22190A4F65E13C" box="[474,533,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Nelson,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD40190A4E0EE13C" box="[696,894,799,824]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FC74190A4E93E13C" box="[908,995,799,824]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC08190A4900E13C" box="[1008,1136,799,824]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1992-07-06">6-VII-1992</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae, Canoe,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FF1519514CC2E159" box="[237,434,836,861]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE4719514F66E159" box="[447,534,836,861]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FDD919514FDFE159" box="[545,687,836,861]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1990-07-15">15-VII-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 3 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Sicamous, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FADA19514809E159" box="[1314,1401,836,861]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FA7D19514D8FE184" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1989-07-08">8- VII-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Rutka Tartak, nr. Suwałki,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FC7119724EA7E184" box="[905,983,871,896]" name="Poland" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC1B19724912E184" box="[995,1122,871,896]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1973-07-02">2-VII-1973</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD783020FB8F197249B0E184" box="[1143,1216,871,896]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26db-tnj6" name="Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universita" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">IZUG</collectionCode>
|
||||
); 3 pupal exuviae, Anninskoe lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FEAD19994F77E1A1" box="[341,519,908,933]" country="Russia" name="Pskov" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pskov Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FDEB19994F10E1A1" box="[531,608,908,933]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FD9519994E66E1A1" box="[621,790,908,933]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1995-06-23" valueMax="1995-06-26" valueMin="1995-06-23">23-26-VI-1995</date>
|
||||
(ZIN); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FBC8199949A7E1A1" box="[1072,1239,908,933]" country="Austria" name="Niederoesterreich" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Lower Austria</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Lunzer Untersee (the lowest-lying of the three major lakes in the Lunz area), Spongilla aufwuchs in 'middle zone' near S shore,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FF6F19C14D9DE1E9" box="[151,237,980,1005]" name="Austria" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FF0E19C14C0BE1E9" box="[246,379,980,1005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1942-06-27">27-VI-1942</date>
|
||||
(ZSMC); 2 pupal exuviae, shore of pond at "Zillertal" inn,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FBF619C14850E1E9" box="[1038,1312,980,1005]" country="Germany" name="Nordrhein-Westfalen" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">North Rhine-Westphalia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Riemke N of Bochum,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FEDC19E24CFDE614" box="[292,397,1015,1040]" name="Germany" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FE6219E24F60E614" box="[410,528,1015,1040]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1916-06-09">9-VI-1916</date>
|
||||
(ZSMC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FD7E19EC4F97E614" baseAuthorityName="Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[646,743,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FD7E19EC4F97E614" box="[646,743,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. smithi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3 pupal exuviae, Wolf River, Outaganie County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FAD819E248E8E614" box="[1312,1432,1015,1040]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FF6F1E094DA2E631" box="[151,210,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FF261E094C13E631" box="[222,355,1052,1077]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1954-06-15">15-VI-1954</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 4 pupal exuviae, Potomac River at Scott Run, Fairfax County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FB541E09487AE631" box="[1196,1290,1052,1077]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FAEE1E094821E631" box="[1302,1361,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FAA61E094DBFE65C" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1955-06-07">7-VI- 1955</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FEBE1E544CB7E65C" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1971" box="[326,455,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FEBE1E544CB7E65C" box="[326,455,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FD6B1E2A4FA3E65C" box="[659,723,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||||
SE of Middleburg, Lake Dunmore,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FB9D1E5549B8E653" box="[1125,1224,1088,1111]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FB2B1E2A487EE65C" box="[1235,1294,1087,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FAE01E2A48ECE65C" box="[1304,1436,1087,1112]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986-06-23">23-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FF051E704CDEE679" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[253,430,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthogaster">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FF051E704CDEE679" box="[253,430,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. xanthogaster</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 6 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FC871E714E88E679" box="[895,1016,1124,1149]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FBFD1E714930E679" box="[1029,1088,1124,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FBB61E7149B6E679" box="[1102,1222,1124,1149]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 8 pupal exuviae, Taughannock Falls, Tompkins County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FD4E1E9D4E5CE6A4" box="[694,812,1159,1184]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FCCF1E924E02E6A4" box="[823,882,1159,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC861E924972E6A4" box="[894,1026,1159,1184]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-06-15">15-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Genesee River, Portageville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FE801EB94C9EE6C1" box="[376,494,1196,1221]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE021EB94F45E6C1" box="[506,565,1196,1221]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FDB81EB94FB4E6C1" box="[576,708,1196,1221]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1963-06-13">13-VI-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FCC51EB84E3BE6C0" box="[829,843,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD783020FC861EB84E9EE6C0" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[894,1006,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FC861EB84E9EE6C0" box="[894,1006,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">seminigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FB461EB94875E6C1" box="[1214,1285,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||||
S. Okanagan Falls,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FF231EDA4CEFE6EC" box="[219,415,1231,1256]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE521EDA4F71E6EC" box="[426,513,1231,1256]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FDF41EDA4FF4E6EC" box="[524,644,1231,1256]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1989-05-14">14-V-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD783020FD161EC44F8CE6EC" box="[750,764,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 2 pupal exuviae, Trail Bay,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FB931EDA49A9E6EC" box="[1131,1241,1231,1256]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FB1C1EDA4848E6EC" box="[1252,1336,1231,1256]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Shirley Bay, Ottawa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FCFE1EE14E2EE709" box="[774,862,1268,1293]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FC971EE14EB6E709" box="[879,966,1268,1293]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FC2F1EE1492DE709" box="[983,1117,1268,1293]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1972-06-13">13-VI-1972</date>
|
||||
, (CNCI); 4 pupal exuviae, Meachum Lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FEAC1F0D4CBAE734" box="[340,458,1303,1328]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE2D1F024F60E734" box="[469,528,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FDE31F024FEFE734" box="[539,671,1303,1328]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986-06-21">21-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD783020FC321F024974E734" box="[970,1028,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||||
N of Camden,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FB481F02498AE734" box="[1200,1274,1303,1328]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FAFD1F024830E734" box="[1285,1344,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FAB41F024DBFE751" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1985-08-01">1-VIII- 1985</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Potomac River at Scott Run, Fairfax County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FC091F29493FE751" box="[1009,1103,1340,1365]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FBA21F2949E5E751" box="[1114,1173,1340,1365]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FB581F294866E751" box="[1184,1302,1340,1365]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1955-06-07">7-VI-1955</date>
|
||||
(USNM);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD783020FA761F294DADE773" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
, Lerchenauer See,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FE431F4A4F54E77C" box="[443,548,1375,1400]" name="Germany" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FDCB1F4A4FCAE77C" box="[563,698,1375,1400]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1990-06-27">27-VI-1990</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FD311F4A4ED7E77C" box="[713,935,1375,1400]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1990-07-28" valueMax="1990-08-08" valueMin="1990-07-28">28-VII-8-VIII-1990</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 5 pupal exuviae, Anninskoe lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD783020FF6F1F914C39E799" box="[151,329,1412,1437]" country="Russia" name="Pskov" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pskov Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD783020FEAC1F914CD1E799" box="[340,417,1412,1437]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD783020FE551F914F26E799" box="[429,598,1412,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1995-06-23" valueMax="1995-06-26" valueMin="1995-06-23">23-26-VI-1995</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
449
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7D3022FD6D18794C84E7FA.xml
Normal file
449
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7D3022FD6D18794C84E7FA.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods id="7B42D0882095604FD6CD5FB03DC36832" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="B3B84B585E0610EB6881821F6EE2C272">
|
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<mods:title id="60EA6D713BE41B77014117EC3746AE45">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="D01DAA224A7DF63ECA26BB15ECBC740E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="7E23AD3033F8A7D42A8671043DC4189B">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="6909B22DF0A6F0560B2CF330D2B5DF04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="233C20C537ABEF34040CFE87DCFAF5EA">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="6D02B423C6D4103E7BD10DB1C2E3B606">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="31A238DAF12C909827A9FDB9AD26BDA0">
|
||||
<mods:title id="0A8AC76B2EBDB8CEF56A1C8BBFF83039">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="44149CB4DE2C2700C9F1015870108739">
|
||||
<mods:date id="4DB24D9913E30E2841DD3EBF6FD5FE1E">2014</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="9ECF7A1A6D9DB334C65DF9F6D570220A" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="334AC716C545A14EDA9CB1E7CCDEA505">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="F97FF423DEC644FB2B550333F7694B29" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1FFD63C016F9E339E554A1908641E5DB">3879</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="2820325E02FEB1D602ACA9175B1BE58E" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="421D470CC09C6EAB91F05C631F2BE6C1">1</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="6B9FFD261D21ADA64D3272BA5ABD8770">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:identifier id="7CEFF3ED38298D06F89A8FCF447E0003" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="292CA3D419152C92891198C14A442E99" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="125EEEED9647BE6BC67130F7B240F129" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="3D05C162AA10F0FD8C92B10F131B1C30" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD7D3022FD6D18794C84E7FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593031" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593031" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD7D3022FD6D18794C84E7FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD7D3022FD6D18794C84E7FA" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7D3025FD6D18794EEDE082" box="[661,925,620,646]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7D3025FD6D18794EEDE082" blockId="83.[342,1245,620,679]" box="[661,925,620,646]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FD6D18794EEDE082" ID-CoL="5KM8" ID-ENA="1874305" authority="Wirth" authorityName="Wirth" box="[661,925,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FD6D18794EEDE082" bold="true" box="[661,925,620,646]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FD6D18794E3AE082" bold="true" box="[661,842,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Wirth
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7D3025FEAE189B49ADE0A3" box="[342,1245,654,679]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7D3025FEAE189B49ADE0A3" blockId="83.[342,1245,620,679]" box="[342,1245,654,679]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FEA6189B4CAFE0A2" box="[350,479,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="247.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-139@247.[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="247" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pupae in unusual habitats, preservation and relative sizes. A. Forcipomyia pupae, Rancho Grande, Venezuela; photo by Steve Marshall. B. Forcipomyia pupae under bark of log of Pinus sylvestris, Poland; photo by Marek W. Kozlowski. C. Pupae of Mallochohelea sp. on emergent plants at edge of Bolean Lk., 6 km NE Falkland, British Columbia. D. Palpomyia sp. showing mounting technique on pin, 8 km E. Sicamous, British Columbia. E. Permanent slide mount of dissected adult and pupal exuviae of Mallochohelea albibasis. F. Pupal exuviae, from left to right, of Baeodasymyia michaeli, Culicoides denticulatus and Sphaeromias longipennis showing size differences within the family. Total length of Baeodasymyia michaeli = 1.2 mm, of Sphaeromias = 7.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949061/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 2C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FE14189B4F6EE0A3" box="[492,542,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">12D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FDD2189B4F2CE0A3" box="[554,604,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FD90189B4FE9E0A3" box="[616,665,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">17B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FD5D189B4FA4E0A3" box="[677,724,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">21E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FD18189B4E63E0A3" box="[736,787,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">27A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FCE6189B4E21E0A3" box="[798,849,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">30N</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FCA4189B4EF9E0A3" box="[860,905,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">33F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FC6C189B4ECFE0A3" box="[916,959,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">38F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FC33189B4E8EE0A3" box="[971,1022,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">45K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FBF1189B4948E0A3" box="[1033,1080,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">51E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FBBC189B4907E0A3" box="[1092,1143,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">66A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FB7A189B49A5E0A3" box="[1154,1237,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">76C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7D3025FF6F18C3482DE15F" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7D3025FF6F18C3482DE15F" blockId="83.[151,1437,726,2003]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FF6F18C34C44E0EB" bold="true" box="[151,308,726,751]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FE2718C34FEEE0EB" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated posterior from the anterior margin of the metathorax (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FCB518EF4EC0E117" box="[845,944,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 51E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 1 with D-2-I and D-3- I well separated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FEA7190B4CB6E133" box="[351,454,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 51E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with L-1-IV a short seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FBFD190B4900E133" box="[1029,1136,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 66A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), D-5-IV on an undivided tubercle, and D-4-IV situated medial to D-8-IV and D-9-IV (not diagnosable as different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FB441957483DE15F" box="[1212,1357,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FB441957483DE15F" box="[1212,1357,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Jenkinshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7D3022FF3F19734CBBE3CA" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7D3022FF3F19734CBBE3CA" blockId="83.[151,1437,726,2003]" lastBlockId="84.[151,1436,151,1534]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FF3F19734CFAE17B" bold="true" box="[199,394,870,895]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FDC219734FD3E17B" box="[570,675,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7D3025FCA319734973E17A" box="[859,1027,870,895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.655" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="2.81" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="4.655" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="2.81">2.81–6.50 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FBB3199F49CCE1A7" box="[1099,1212,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FB30199F4987E1A7" box="[1224,1271,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">33F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear extending into eye sheath (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FE3519BB4F4FE1C3" box="[461,575,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FDB519BB4F06E1C3" box="[589,630,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">79I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FD7419BB4FBCE1C3" bold="true" box="[652,716,942,967]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FC5B19BB4979E1C3" box="[931,1033,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FBCE19C449EBE1EE" box="[1078,1179,977,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FC3D19E0495CE60A" box="[965,1068,1013,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FE001E284F29E652" box="[504,601,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 38F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FC5C1E75497BE67D" box="[932,1035,1120,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FAFB1E914819E699" box="[1283,1385,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FE7B1EBD4C9BE6C5" box="[387,491,1192,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1–2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FC431EBD4964E6C5" bold="true" box="[955,1044,1192,1217]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FAD41EBD48E4E6C5" box="[1324,1428,1192,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="272.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[198,1418,210,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-69@272.[190,1421,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURE 27. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Mallochohelea caudellii. B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui. D. Nilobezzia curticornis. E. Johannsenomyia argentata. F. Lanatomyia electra. G. Anebomyia atripes. H. Homohelea delanoe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949164/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed nearly even width to narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FB9C1EFA49B9E70C" box="[1124,1225,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 51E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FF671F064C79E728" box="[159,265,1299,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 45K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.48–2.56, very to moderately short, squat, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base without (?) or with very short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FF181FB74C34E7BF" box="[224,324,1442,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 38F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FF671FD34C70E7DB" box="[159,256,1478,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 33F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FB021FD3482BE7DB" box="[1274,1371,1478,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 38F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FA971FFC4DB6E422" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 33F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally or small gap between the two; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short peg, 1 elongate seta (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FAE51C2448FEE44E" box="[1309,1422,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 31N</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FCF61C414E0CE469" box="[782,892,1620,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 30N</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like setae, D-4-T elongate seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FD051C894E13E4B1" box="[765,867,1692,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 51E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FCDD1CD54EE9E4DD" bold="true" box="[805,921,1728,1753]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light brown, poorly defined in some; with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, some with 1–2 pairs on segment tergite 8, sternites 3–7 (anterolateral spots on 5–7 poorly defined, pale) all light brown, or just very light medial strip on sternites 4, 5 and with 6–7 membranous or just very light medial strip on sternites 3, 4 and with sternites 5–7 membranous or absent, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, with sternites 5–7 or 6–7 each with membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7D3025FC781D834967E5AB" box="[896,1047,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 76C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FEFC1A824C18E2B4" box="[260,360,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 51E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I well separated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FD4D1AAE4E6AE2D0" box="[693,794,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="311.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,219,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-55@311.[184,1415,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="311" captionText="FIGURE 66. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Mallochohelea nr. caudellii (from Hope, British Columbia, Canada). B. Probezzia sabroskyi. C. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949286/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 66A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV moderately elongate setae, D-2-IV on bifid tubercle, D-3-IV on short tubercle; D-5-IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV short seta, D-9-IV moderately elongate seta; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on pointed tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on short tubercles, V-5-IV, V-7-IV short setae, V-6-IV elongate seta, on short or moderately elongate tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7A3022FBCB1B8749FFE3AF" box="[1075,1167,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs. 76</figureCitation>
|
||||
C-D)—with D-5-IX, D- 6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7A3022FF3F1BCC4EDEE03E" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7A3022FF3F1BCC4EDEE03E" blockId="84.[151,1436,151,1534]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FF3F1BCC4F2EE3F6" bold="true" box="[199,606,473,498]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FD131BCC4EE3E3F6" box="[747,915,473,498]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FD131BCC4EE3E3F6" box="[747,915,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 48 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FEDA1BE84CB5E012" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[290,453,509,534]" genus="Borkent" pageId="84" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7A3022FEDA1BE84CB5E012" author="Borkent" box="[290,453,509,534]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with some moved to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FD2B1BE84E21E012" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[723,849,509,534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FD2B1BE84E21E012" box="[723,849,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Anebomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FC691BE84E83E012" box="[913,1011,509,534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dibezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC691BE84E83E012" box="[913,1011,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Dibezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been reared from stream and river margins, thermal stream, reservoirs, ponds, and lakes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7A3022FF3F18514D9AE152" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7A3022FF3F18514D9AE152" blockId="84.[151,1436,151,1534]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FF3F18514F5BE059" bold="true" box="[199,555,580,605]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of 12 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FC9718514967E059" box="[879,1047,580,605]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC9718514967E059" box="[879,1047,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been described (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD7A3022FAE8185148FFE059" box="[1296,1423,580,605]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7A3022FF6F187D4CD3E085" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[151,419,616,641]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref184760" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1979) The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 8, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1979">Wirth & Grogan (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provide a key to the pupae of the two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FC2A187D490AE085" box="[978,1146,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC2A187D490AE085" box="[978,1146,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Potomac Valley (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FF6618994C26E0A1" box="[158,342,652,677]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Washington DC</collectingRegion>
|
||||
area,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FE6718994CABE0A1" box="[415,475,652,677]" name="United States of America" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), as well as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FD9618994E33E0A0" baseAuthorityName="Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[622,835,652,677]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FD9618994E33E0A0" box="[622,835,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Anebomyia atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, then called
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FC2318984921E0A0" baseAuthorityName="Wirth" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[987,1105,653,676]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Anebomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC2318984921E0A0" box="[987,1105,653,676]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. atripes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7A3022FB9A18994834E0A1" author="Thienemann" box="[1122,1348,652,677]" firstAuthor="Thienemann" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="585 - 623" refId="ref197528" refString="Thienemann, A. (1928) Chironomiden - Metamorphosen I. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19, 585 - 623." type="journal article" year="1928">Thienemann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7A3022FAAB18984D9EE0CC" author="Mayer" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="205 - 288" refId="ref190389" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Mayer (1934a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7A3022FED518A54CCAE0CC" author="Lenz" box="[301,442,687,712]" firstAuthor="Lenz" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref189178" refString="Lenz, F. (1934) B. Die Metamorphose der Heleidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. Vol. 3. Stuttgart, pp. 95 - 128." type="book" year="1934">Lenz (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided keys to a few European species known at that time (as members of either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FF6F18C64C6DE0E8" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,285,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Dicrobezzia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FF6F18C64C6DE0E8" box="[151,285,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Dicrobezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(now a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FDE318C64FFAE0E8" box="[539,650,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Probezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FDE318C64FFAE0E8" box="[539,650,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Probezzia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FD3918C64E0DE0E8" box="[705,893,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Johannsenomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FD3918C64E0DE0E8" box="[705,893,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Johannsenomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). However, they all recognized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB0318C14809E0E8" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1275,1401,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB0318C14809E0E8" box="[1275,1401,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. dentata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as distinct from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FECB18ED4CD8E114" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[307,424,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FECB18ED4CD8E114" box="[307,424,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. munda</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(the former now considered a synonym of the latter) and both
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7A3022FB7118E2481AE114" author="Thienemann" box="[1161,1386,759,784]" firstAuthor="Thienemann" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="585 - 623" refId="ref197528" refString="Thienemann, A. (1928) Chironomiden - Metamorphosen I. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19, 585 - 623." type="journal article" year="1928">Thienemann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7A3022FF6F190E4C4FE130" author="Mayer" box="[151,319,795,820]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="205 - 288" refId="ref190389" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Mayer (1934a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
additionally recognized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FDA219094E7AE130" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[602,778,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviforceps">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FDA219094E7AE130" box="[602,778,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. breviforceps</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as distinct and it too is now considered a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FA8519094D93E153" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FA8519094D93E153" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. munda</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7A3022FF3F19774C84E7FA" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7A3022FF3F19774C84E7FA" blockId="84.[151,1436,151,1534]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FF3F19774F75E17F" bold="true" box="[199,517,866,891]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FDE119764FD8E17F" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[537,680,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albibasis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FDE119764FD8E17F" box="[537,680,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. albibasis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Cottonwood Lake,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FB90197749D5E17F" box="[1128,1189,866,891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Nelson,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FAA819774C78E19B" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FEEC19934C1AE19B" box="[276,362,902,927]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FE8E19934C85E19B" box="[374,501,902,927]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2008-07-06">6-VII-2008</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FCD919924E2AE19B" box="[801,858,902,927]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Hope,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FC19199349D5E19B" box="[993,1189,902,927]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FB4919934877E19B" box="[1201,1287,902,927]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FAEB199348EBE19B" box="[1299,1435,902,927]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1985-08-08">8-VIII-1985</date>
|
||||
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Outegamie County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FD4319BF4E43E1C7" box="[699,819,938,963]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FCBB19BF4E0EE1C7" box="[835,894,938,963]" name="United States of America" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FC7719BF4963E1C7" box="[911,1043,938,963]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1954-06-15">15-VI-1954</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB6E19BE485FE1C7" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1962" box="[1174,1327,938,963]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albihalter">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB6E19BE485FE1C7" box="[1174,1327,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. albihalter</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FE0819DB4F18E1E2" box="[496,616,973,998]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FD8D19D84FC0E1E2" box="[629,688,973,998]" name="United States of America" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FD4519D84E44E1E2" box="[701,820,973,998]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FC4919DA494AE1E2" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[945,1082,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudellii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC4919DA494AE1E2" box="[945,1082,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. caudellii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Bolean Lake,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FEB919E44CF0E60E" box="[321,384,1009,1034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
E of Falkland, BC,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FD7B19E44FAAE60E" box="[643,730,1009,1034]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FD1319E44ED2E60E" box="[747,930,1009,1034]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1989-07-12" valueMax="1989-07-13" valueMin="1989-07-12">12–13-VII-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FBE319E749E9E60D" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1051,1177,1010,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errinae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FBE319E749E9E60D" box="[1051,1177,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. errinae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7A3022FF6F1E004D8DE62A" box="[151,253,1045,1070]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Klein Yukskei, Johannesburg, Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FD1B1E004E06E62A" box="[739,886,1045,1070]" name="South Africa" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FC791E004EA4E62A" box="[897,980,1045,1070]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1939-05">V-1939</date>
|
||||
(SAIM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mageliesberg Agricultural School, Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FDF41E2C4FD3E656" box="[524,675,1081,1106]" name="South Africa" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FD4B1E2C4E47E656" box="[691,823,1081,1106]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1973-11-13">13-XI-1973</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FC401E2F4946E655" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[952,1078,1082,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC401E2F4946E655" box="[952,1078,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. inermis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Vrevo lake,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FF6F1E494C0BE671" box="[151,379,1116,1141]" country="Russia" name="Leningrad" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Leningrad Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FE701E494CA5E671" box="[392,469,1116,1141]" name="Russia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FE1C1E494F18E671" box="[484,616,1116,1141]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1968-06-19">19-VI-1968</date>
|
||||
(ZIN); 1 pupal exuviae, no locality/date (ZSMC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB401E484844E671" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[1208,1332,1116,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satelles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB401E484844E671" box="[1208,1332,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. satelles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7A3022FED91E954CF6E69D" box="[289,390,1152,1177]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Nattai River, Mittagong,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FD441E944EFCE69D" box="[700,908,1152,1177]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FC611E954972E69D" box="[921,1026,1152,1177]" name="Australia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FBE91E9549FAE69D" box="[1041,1162,1152,1177]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1969-02-18">18-II-1969</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB031E94480DE69C" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1275,1405,1153,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setigera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB031E94480DE69C" box="[1275,1405,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. setigera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, River Gruzskii Elanchik,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FD7A1EB14E24E6B9" box="[642,852,1188,1213]" country="Ukraine" name="Donets'k" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Donetsk Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FC9E1EB14EB3E6B9" box="[870,963,1188,1213]" name="Ukraine" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FC2D1EB14927E6B9" box="[981,1111,1188,1213]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1970-04-29">29-IV-1970</date>
|
||||
(ZIN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB431EB0485BE6B9" baseAuthorityName="Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[1211,1323,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB431EB0485BE6B9" box="[1211,1323,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. smithi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 4 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, Stanleyville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FDE61ED24F06E6E4" box="[542,630,1223,1248]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FD7A1ED24FA9E6E4" box="[642,729,1223,1248]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FD1C1ED24E18E6E4" box="[740,872,1223,1248]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1975-06-29">29-VI-1975</date>
|
||||
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Rideau River, Ottawa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FF6F1EFE4D9FE700" box="[151,239,1259,1284]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FEF81EFE4C27E700" box="[256,343,1259,1284]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FE901EFE4C91E700" box="[360,481,1259,1284]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1960-05-29">29-V-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Snow Hill,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FC3C1EFE4944E700" box="[964,1076,1259,1284]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FBBD1EFE49CEE700" box="[1093,1214,1259,1284]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1968-05-19">19-V-1968</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FEF91F1A4C36E72C" box="[257,326,1295,1320]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||||
SE of Middleberg, Lake Dunmore,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FD021F054E2DE723" box="[762,861,1296,1319]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FC951F1A4ED8E72C" box="[877,936,1295,1320]" name="United States of America" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FC401F1A494DE72C" box="[952,1085,1295,1320]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1986-06-23">23-VI-1986</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB491F05485FE72C" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1953" box="[1201,1327,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sybleae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB491F05485FE72C" box="[1201,1327,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. sybleae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7A3022FED81F264CF5E748" box="[288,389,1331,1356]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Centerville, Humboldt County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FCF81F264E04E748" box="[768,884,1331,1356]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FC791F264ECCE748" box="[897,956,1331,1356]" name="United States of America" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FC311F264910E748" box="[969,1120,1331,1356]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1948-08-13">13-VIII-1948</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB241F21480EE748" box="[1244,1406,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB241F21480EE748" box="[1244,1406,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. termophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7A3022FE8E1F434CABE76B" box="[374,475,1366,1391]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Caimancito,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FD721F434FB8E76B" box="[650,712,1366,1391]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FD211F434E3BE76B" box="[729,843,1366,1391]" name="Argentina" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FCA61F434E84E76B" box="[862,1012,1366,1391]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1980-08-12">12-VIII-1980</date>
|
||||
(MLPA).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB8C1F4D49FBE76B" box="[1140,1163,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7A3022FB331F43485DE76B" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1227,1325,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudellii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FB331F43485DE76B" box="[1227,1325,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">caudellii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FF051F6E4C47E797" box="[253,311,1402,1427]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Hope,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FE3D1F6F4FFBE797" box="[453,651,1402,1427]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FD601F6F4F9FE797" box="[664,751,1402,1427]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FD031F6F4EF3E797" box="[763,899,1402,1427]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1985-08-08">8-VIII-1985</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC0A1F6E4979E796" box="[1010,1033,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FBC61F6F49FDE797" box="[1086,1165,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">pullata</emphasis>
|
||||
: 3 pupal exuviae,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FA9A1F6F48ECE797" box="[1378,1436,1402,1427]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
NE of Falkland,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FEAD1F8B4F6AE7B3" box="[341,538,1438,1463]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FDDF1F8B4F0EE7B3" box="[551,638,1438,1463]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FD711F8B4E67E7B3" box="[649,791,1438,1463]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1989-07-12">12-VII-1989</date>
|
||||
(CNCI).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7A3022FC7B1F8A4EEAE7B2" box="[899,922,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, Bear Creek,
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7A3022FAD31F8B4803E7B3" box="[1323,1395,1438,1463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mi" value="0.5">0.5 mi</quantity>
|
||||
SE of Karlsbad Springs,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FE631FD74C83E7DF" box="[411,499,1474,1499]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FDFD1FD74F2CE7DF" box="[517,604,1474,1499]" name="Canada" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, 1967 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, McCarrs Creek,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7A3022FB461FD648E8E7DF" box="[1214,1432,1474,1499]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7A3022FF6F1FF04C71E7FA" box="[151,257,1509,1534]" name="Australia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7A3022FEF41FF04CFFE7FA" box="[268,399,1509,1534]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1956-11-11">11-XI-1956</date>
|
||||
(ANIC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
291
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7E3027FD631EE14F21E4D1.xml
Normal file
291
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7E3027FD631EE14F21E4D1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="94A91471F88C447AFE97DDA464045077" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="7092653E7EEEB880C859C53CBADE94BE">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="FCDE9979A78CBB7B8B53C81E65817281">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="860C9CA08445849BB9F0C2A6B58414FA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C78FD60262AEF48AA24228D2A59202AB">
|
||||
<mods:title id="CAE8E81474516D095424667E34737BF4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="35052EF16F3092B4AEFA16553186F139">
|
||||
<mods:date id="9F97211034DADF432BD41507D1C7D3F9">2014</mods:date>
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|
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<mods:number id="1E53F4CE786F873F908D9F2A2D9398AB">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<mods:classification id="311E4FB5FE0260826DC3FC01BD7C39C6">journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<treatment id="027587C9BD7E3027FD631EE14F21E4D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593027" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593027" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD7E3027FD631EE14F21E4D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD7E3027FD631EE14F21E4D1" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7E3026FD631EE14EE8E70A" box="[667,920,1268,1294]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3026FD631EE14EE8E70A" blockId="80.[446,1141,1268,1327]" box="[667,920,1268,1294]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FD631EE14EE8E70A" ID-CoL="56HY" ID-ENA="1874492" authority="Macfie" authorityName="Macfie" box="[667,920,1268,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FD631EE14EE8E70A" bold="true" box="[667,920,1268,1294]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FD631EE14E4AE70A" bold="true" box="[667,826,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Jenkinshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
Macfie
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7E3026FE461F034905E72B" box="[446,1141,1302,1327]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3026FE461F034905E72B" blockId="80.[446,1141,1268,1327]" box="[446,1141,1302,1327]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FE3E1F034F48E72B" box="[454,568,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FDBC1F034F04E72B" box="[580,628,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">21C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FD781F034FC0E72B" box="[640,688,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">26G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FD431F034F9BE72B" box="[699,747,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">30L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FD0E1F034E56E72B" box="[758,806,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">33E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FCC91F034E13E72B" box="[817,867,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">38C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FC961F034EE6E72B" box="[878,918,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">45I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FC591F034EA2E72B" box="[929,978,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">51C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FC261F034961E72B" box="[990,1041,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="310.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[192,1405,216,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-54@310.[184,1415,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="310" captionText="FIGURE 65. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. B. Macropeza natalensis. C. Macropeza sp. (from Laos)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949284/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">65A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FBE41F03491EE72B" box="[1052,1134,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">75K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7E3026FF6F1F4B4C3FE403" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3026FF6F1F4B4C3FE403" blockId="80.[151,1437,1374,2008]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF6F1F4B4C44E773" bold="true" box="[151,308,1374,1399]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FE271F4B4FEEE773" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FC381F974955E79F" box="[960,1061,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 51C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 1 with D-2- I and D-3-I well separated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FE211FB34F31E7BB" box="[473,577,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 51C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with L-1-IV a short seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FB871FB34999E7BB" box="[1151,1257,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="310.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[192,1405,216,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-54@310.[184,1415,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="310" captionText="FIGURE 65. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. B. Macropeza natalensis. C. Macropeza sp. (from Laos)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949284/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 65A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), D-5-IV on an undivided tubercle, and D-4-IV situated medial to D-8-IV and D-9-IV (not diagnosable as different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7E3026FF6F1FFB4C4FE403" box="[151,319,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Mallochohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF6F1FFB4C4FE403" box="[151,319,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Mallochohelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7E3027FF3F1C074D83E62A" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7E3027FF3F1C074D83E62A" blockId="80.[151,1437,1374,2008]" lastBlockId="81.[151,1437,151,1749]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FF3F1C074CFAE42F" bold="true" box="[199,394,1554,1579]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7E3026FDBD1C074F9DE42E" box="[581,749,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.925" metricValueMax="5.63" metricValueMin="2.22" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="3.925" valueMax="5.63" valueMin="2.22">2.22–5.63 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FCA01C234EBEE44B" box="[856,974,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FC251C23497EE44B" box="[989,1038,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">33E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear extending into eye sheath (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FF161C4F4C11E477" box="[238,353,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figs. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FE951C4F4CE6E477" box="[365,406,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">79I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FE521C4F4C99E477" bold="true" box="[426,489,1626,1651]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FD441C4F4E52E477" box="[700,802,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FC751C684E82E492" box="[909,1010,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FCE31CB44EF3E4BE" box="[795,899,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FEA61CFC4CB4E506" box="[350,452,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 38C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) barely anterior to barely posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FCC51D194ED1E521" box="[829,929,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FB721D254980E54D" box="[1162,1264,1840,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender or thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FE721D414C82E569" box="[394,498,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7E3026FC4B1D41497CE569" bold="true" box="[947,1036,1876,1901]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FAD11D4148E4E569" box="[1321,1428,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short to moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FCAF1D8E4ECEE5B0" box="[855,958,1947,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 51C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7E3026FB5B1D8E498FE5B0" box="[1187,1279,1947,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 45I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.38-3.72, very short, squat to elongate, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FC031ACA4912E2FC" box="[1019,1122,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 38C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FC2B1B16494AE318" box="[979,1082,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FCCB1B334EE7E33B" box="[819,919,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 38C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FC5D1B5F497DE367" box="[933,1037,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally or small gap between the two; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short peg, 1 elongate seta (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FCAB1B874ECEE3AF" box="[851,958,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 31N</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FEC41BA04CD9E3CA" box="[316,425,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 30L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T D-5-T peg-like or short, stout setae, D-4-T elongate seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FE431BE84F6FE012" box="[443,543,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 51C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FE2C18344F38E03E" bold="true" box="[468,584,545,570]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: pigmentation light to moderately brown, tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2-7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, 2 pairs on tergite 8, sternites not pigmented or sternites 3-5 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot (sternites 6-7 membranous), segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, not membranous or with sternites 5-7 each with membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FA9C18BA4DC3E0E8" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 75</figureCitation>
|
||||
K-L) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FDE518E24FF1E114" box="[541,641,759,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 51C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2- I, D-3-I well separated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FBA9190E49CFE130" box="[1105,1215,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="310.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[192,1405,216,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-54@310.[184,1415,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="310" captionText="FIGURE 65. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. B. Macropeza natalensis. C. Macropeza sp. (from Laos)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949284/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 65A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV peg-like setae, D-9-IV moderately elongate seta; D- 5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on short tubercle, near L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV elongate seta, L-2-IV on pointed tubercle, L-3-IV, L-4-IV on short tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FCA819E44E92E60E" box="[848,994,1009,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 75K–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7F3027FF3F1E2C4EDBE69C" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7F3027FF3F1E2C4EDBE69C" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1749]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FF3F1E2C4F17E656" bold="true" box="[199,615,1081,1106]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FCFC1E2C4EE5E656" box="[772,917,1081,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FCFC1E2C4EE5E656" box="[772,917,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Jenkinshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 20 species in the Nearctic, Palaearctic, Oriental, and Afrotropical Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FD491E494E21E671" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[689,849,1116,1141]" genus="Borkent" pageId="81" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7F3027FD491E494E21E671" author="Borkent" box="[689,849,1116,1141]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Immatures have been reared from lake, stream, and river margins, rice fields, marshes, ponds and dead leaves in a swamp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7F3027FF3F1EB14FCEE72C" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7F3027FF3F1EB14FCEE72C" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1749]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FF3F1EB14F5BE6B9" bold="true" box="[199,555,1188,1213]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pupae of five species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FCB41EB14EADE6B9" box="[844,989,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FCB41EB14EADE6B9" box="[844,989,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Jenkinshelea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD7F3027FB901EB14997E6B9" box="[1128,1255,1188,1213]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Male pupae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FF6F1EDC4C34E6DB" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,324,1224,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FF6F1EDC4C34E6DB" box="[151,324,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">J. magnipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Rideau River, Ottawa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FD641ED24F81E6E4" box="[668,753,1223,1248]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(females not available) had significantly larger abdominal tubercles bearing D-2-IV, D-5-IV and D-8-IV than did those from nearby Black Lake, Stanleyville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FB011EFE4821E700" box="[1273,1361,1259,1284]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, likely indicating the presence of more than one species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7F3027FF3F1F264F21E4D1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7F3027FF3F1F264F21E4D1" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1749]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FF3F1F264F72E748" bold="true" box="[199,514,1331,1356]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FDEB1F214FF2E748" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[531,642,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FDEB1F214FF2E748" box="[531,642,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">J. albaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Wissota, Chippewa County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FB211F264821E748" box="[1241,1361,1331,1356]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FAA51F2648E8E748" box="[1373,1432,1331,1356]" name="United States of America" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FF6F1F434C54E76B" box="[151,292,1366,1391]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1979-07-22">22-VII-1979</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Potomac River, Fairfax County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FC1B1F434931E76B" box="[995,1089,1366,1391]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FBA81F4349FBE76B" box="[1104,1163,1366,1391]" name="United States of America" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FB611F43487FE76B" box="[1177,1295,1366,1391]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1955-06-07">7-VI-1955</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 9 pupal exuviae, Potomac River at Scott Run, Fairfax County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FCAC1F6F4EC2E797" box="[852,946,1402,1427]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FC381F6F4E8BE797" box="[960,1019,1402,1427]" name="United States of America" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FBF01F6F490FE797" box="[1032,1151,1402,1427]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1955-06-07">7-VI-1955</date>
|
||||
(1 USNM, 8 WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, no locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FE301F8B4F56E7B3" box="[456,550,1438,1463]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1955-06">VI-1955</date>
|
||||
(USNM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FD581F8A4E3AE7B2" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[672,842,1439,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FD581F8A4E3AE7B2" box="[672,842,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">J. magnipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 9 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, Stanleyville,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FAC71F8B48E8E7B3" box="[1343,1432,1438,1463]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FF6F1FD74D9EE7DF" box="[151,238,1474,1499]" name="Canada" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FF031FD74C0FE7DF" box="[251,383,1474,1499]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1975-06-29">29-VI-1975</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Rideau River, Ottawa,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FC351FD74956E7DF" box="[973,1062,1474,1499]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FBCB1FD749FAE7DF" box="[1075,1162,1474,1499]" name="Canada" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FB601FD74860E7DF" box="[1176,1296,1474,1499]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1960-05-29">29-V-1960</date>
|
||||
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Lac Serpent Notre Dame de Laus,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FD231FF04E43E7FA" box="[731,819,1509,1534]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FCB91FF04EE8E7FA" box="[833,920,1509,1534]" name="Canada" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FC5E1FF04959E7FA" box="[934,1065,1509,1534]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1968-06-17">17-VI-1968</date>
|
||||
(LEMQ).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FB5E1FF24845E7FA" authorityName="Meillon" authorityYear="1936" box="[1190,1333,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyxenae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FB5E1FF24845E7FA" box="[1190,1333,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">J. polyxenae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Bathing Pond, Eshowe, Zululand,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FD7A1C1C4E65E426" box="[642,789,1545,1570]" name="South Africa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FCD91C1C4ED6E426" box="[801,934,1545,1570]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1930-09-24">24-IX-1930</date>
|
||||
(SAIM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FBED1C1F49CCE426" authorityName="Meillon" authorityYear="1937" box="[1045,1212,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FBED1C1F49CCE426" box="[1045,1212,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">J. rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7F3027FE9F1C384CBCE442" box="[359,460,1581,1606]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), Msasa Stream, Salisbury,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FCFE1C384EAFE442" box="[774,991,1581,1606]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Southern Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FC141C38491EE442" box="[1004,1134,1581,1606]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1942-03-30">30-III-1942</date>
|
||||
(SAIM); 1 pupal exuviae, Sand River between White River and Hazyview, East Transvaal,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FC8A1C444976E46E" box="[882,1030,1617,1642]" name="South Africa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FBE91C4449E1E46E" box="[1041,1169,1617,1642]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1973-12-02">2-XII-1973</date>
|
||||
(NMSA).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FAF11C4748E4E46E" authorityName="Grogan & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[1289,1428,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Jenkinshelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tokunagai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FAF11C4748E4E46E" box="[1289,1428,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">J. tokunagai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Nam Houng river, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FCDF1C604E10E488" box="[807,864,1653,1676]" name="Laos" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FC961C614E89E489" box="[878,1017,1652,1677]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1968-03-04" valueMax="1968-03-07" valueMin="1968-03-04">4-7-III-1968</date>
|
||||
(BPBM).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FB8A1C60490EE488" box="[1138,1150,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">J</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 2 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Ottawa, ON,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FE5B1C8D4C8AE4B5" box="[419,506,1688,1713]" name="Canada" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FDFF1C8D4FFBE4B5" box="[519,651,1688,1713]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1975-06-29">29-VI-1975</date>
|
||||
(CNCI);
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD7F3027FD011C8D4E38E4B4" box="[761,840,1688,1713]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
, 1 pupal exuviae, Lac Serpent Notre Dame de Laus,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD7F3027FF6F1CA94D9FE4D1" box="[151,239,1724,1749]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7F3027FF021CA94C21E4D1" box="[250,337,1724,1749]" name="Canada" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7F3027FEA41CA94C90E4D1" box="[348,480,1724,1749]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1968-06-17">17-VI-1968</date>
|
||||
(LEMQ).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
272
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7F3025FD5C1D324FBAE01C.xml
Normal file
272
data/02/75/87/027587C9BD7F3025FD5C1D324FBAE01C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="DC303C77E045B5B347373EA171D37CFA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0BB2AC4AE43D06BF764CCBBE636113A7">
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<mods:title id="FF9B2AD7984C36B6C45641313FD7EAD1">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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|
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<mods:role id="494B685BEF59EC041382E54AC42F6F75">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="B2C166A06B3793890DB7160D1F60CD49">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="C5CE9DEE330C2F515048EF0B07A6E508">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4412C663DE5882D4183503613DFBA721">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
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<mods:titleInfo id="067AF080B21A3690CF598A496498B416">
|
||||
<mods:title id="2151BD8E763486EC13BA4C9D86A6D544">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="FDD9D22A528A768668516C3CAC087BDE">
|
||||
<mods:date id="583121B105B614949BF81E99A7F95028">2014</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="E1630020D08A976BA17D5AEEA87F49F7" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="2E982DF6B08C4664E89570DD52520E15">2014-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:detail id="46B1A7A419D50138AE13C6B870B5F156" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="10B68942DEE5185FE4721A50F79FBC1A">3879</mods:number>
|
||||
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|
||||
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<mods:number id="7226CDC5EF52A19BDEC6E92EB7E2670C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="64D3ED7B6C92CFCC0323A70A76430834">journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier id="B584E6BF2740BC8B2DF3CC594FB4E5FE" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="B958238015D29E133ED50BD662780BB0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D2E71CA90B65F76942DE6D8841966E10" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0CA028915FF32AF350E28FBF7D1AE459" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C6019C54E415D4631252CFEAD3DF0A95" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD7F3025FD5C1D324FBAE01C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593029" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593029" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD7F3025FD5C1D324FBAE01C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD7F3025FD5C1D324FBAE01C" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7F3027FD5C1D324EFEE546" box="[676,910,1831,1858]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7F3027FD5C1D324EFEE546" blockId="81.[436,1151,1831,1891]" box="[676,910,1831,1858]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FD5C1D324EFEE546" ID-CoL="5JJ5" ID-ENA="1874303" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[676,910,1831,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FD5C1D324EFEE546" bold="true" box="[676,910,1831,1858]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FD5C1D324E5AE545" bold="true" box="[676,810,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Macropeza</emphasis>
|
||||
Meigen
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7F3027FE4C1D5F490FE567" box="[436,1151,1866,1891]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7F3027FE4C1D5F490FE567" blockId="81.[436,1151,1831,1891]" box="[436,1151,1866,1891]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FE441D5F4F5CE567" box="[444,556,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FDC01D5F4F1AE567" box="[568,618,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">21D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FD8E1D5F4FD8E567" box="[630,680,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">26H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FD4C1D5F4F9BE567" box="[692,747,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">30M</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FD0F1D5F4E39E567" box="[759,841,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">38D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FCAD1D5F4E0EE567" box="[853,894,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">45J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FC711D5F4ECCE567" box="[905,956,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">51D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FC301D5F4969E567" box="[968,1049,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="310.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[192,1405,216,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-54@310.[184,1415,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="310" captionText="FIGURE 65. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. B. Macropeza natalensis. C. Macropeza sp. (from Laos)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949284/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">65B–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FBDD1D5F4907E567" box="[1061,1143,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">76A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7F3024FF6F1D874944E319" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7F3024FF6F1D874944E319" blockId="81.[151,1436,1938,2035]" lastBlockId="82.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7F3027FF6F1D874C44E5AF" bold="true" box="[151,308,1938,1963]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7F3027FE271D874FEEE5AF" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[479,670,1938,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FC391DA34958E5CB" box="[961,1064,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), abdominal segment 4 with L-1- IV a short seta (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7F3027FEAD1DCF4CCDE5F7" box="[341,445,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="310.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[192,1405,216,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-54@310.[184,1415,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="310" captionText="FIGURE 65. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. B. Macropeza natalensis. C. Macropeza sp. (from Laos)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949284/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 65B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and L-3-IV situtated well anterior of L-2-IV; also unique with D-2-I and D-3-I well separated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FEEF1A824CF3E2B4" box="[279,387,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and L-1-VIII present (for all species other than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FC1F1A8C49F5E2B4" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[999,1157,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FC1F1A8C49F5E2B4" box="[999,1157,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">M. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); also unique with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FEAD1ACA4CCDE2FC" box="[341,445,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and D-4-IV situated between D-8-IV and D-9-IV (except for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FB7F1AF4486FE2FC" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1159,1311,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FB7F1AF4486FE2FC" box="[1159,1311,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">M. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but in that species D-4-V and D-4-VI are between D-8 and D-9 of their respective segments).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7C3024FF3F1B32492DE4E4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7C3024FF3F1B32492DE4E4" blockId="82.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FF3F1B324CFAE344" bold="true" box="[199,394,295,320]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||||
: Habitus as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FDC31B324FD2E344" box="[571,674,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Total length =
|
||||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD7C3024FCA21B324972E33B" box="[858,1026,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.735" metricValueMax="4.88" metricValueMin="2.59" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="3.735" valueMax="4.88" valueMin="2.59">2.59–4.88 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FB851B59499CE361" box="[1149,1260,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FB0E1B594859E361" box="[1270,1321,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ecdysial tear extending into eye sheath (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FDBA1B7A4FC5E38C" box="[578,693,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FD3C1B7A4F9DE38C" box="[708,749,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">79I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FCFB1B7A4E33E38C" bold="true" box="[771,835,367,392]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FBE21B7A49F4E38C" box="[1050,1156,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FB141B814820E3A9" box="[1260,1360,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FB791BA24999E3D4" box="[1153,1257,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 26H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FCFB1BEA4EE8E01C" box="[771,920,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 38D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) anterior to posterior to, posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FF6718524C60E064" box="[159,272,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FD8B18794FAEE081" box="[627,734,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 26H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 slender or thick setae; oculars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FB6018794872E081" box="[1176,1282,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 26H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FE53189A4F74E0AC" bold="true" box="[427,516,655,680]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FCEC189A4E09E0AC" box="[788,889,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 26H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum without or with well-developed moderately sized tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FDD018C24FE3E0F4" box="[552,659,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); respiratory organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FC8718C24EAEE0F4" box="[895,990,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 45J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) length/width = 2.15–4.31, very short, squat to elongate, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide to moderately elongate pedicel, base with short to elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FBAC19724998E184" box="[1108,1256,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 38D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FB9F199949BDE1A1" box="[1127,1229,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FC4E19BA4936E1CC" box="[950,1094,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="283.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-66@283.[186,1417,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="283" captionText="FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949194/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 38D–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FB7519C14985E1E9" box="[1165,1269,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally, small ventral lobe; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short, 1 elongate seta, 0–1 campaniform sensillum (as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FAE31E0948FEE631" box="[1307,1422,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 31N</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FD1E1E2A4E22E65C" box="[742,850,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 30M</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like setae or setae, D-4- T elongate seta or peg-like seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FCBE1E924EDEE6A4" box="[838,942,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FC941EB94E90E6C1" bold="true" box="[876,992,1196,1221]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots (in female only), tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed or bifid, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, not membranous or with sternites 5–7 each with membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FC021F2949FDE751" box="[1018,1165,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 76A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterolaterally to nearly laterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FDFC1F914F1AE799" box="[516,618,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="296.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[184,1397,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-64@296.[174,1406,183,1922]" captionTargetPageId="296" captionText="FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949230/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I well separated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FC201FB24942E7C4" box="[984,1074,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="310.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[192,1405,216,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-54@310.[184,1415,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="310" captionText="FIGURE 65. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. B. Macropeza natalensis. C. Macropeza sp. (from Laos)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949284/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 65</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-C)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV elongate setae; D-2-IV on elongate or bifid tubercle, D-3-IV on bump or bifid tubercle; D-5-IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV, D-9- IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-7-IV present or absent; D-5-IV on single bifid tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV or D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-4-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV, if present, near D-3-IV; L-1- IV short to moderately elongate seta on short tubercle, near L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV moderately elongate seta, L-2-IV, on pointed or bifid tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short to moderately elongate setae, on short bilobed tubercles, all closely approximated or with only V-5-IV, V-6-IV close; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, with L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD7C3024FE3A1CD24F6DE4E4" box="[450,541,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="321.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-185@321.[215,1375,177,1746]" captionTargetPageId="321" captionText="FIGURE 76. Abdominal segments 9. A. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in ventral view (modified from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). B. Macropeza albitarsis, female, in ventral view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). C. Mallochohelea termophila, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1984). D. Mallochohelea termophila, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1984). E. Probezzia pallida, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). F. Neobezzia fittkaui, male, in dorsal view (from Ronderos, et al. 2011). G. Nilobezzia virago, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). H. Johannsenomyia argentata, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). I. Johannsenomyia argentata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Lanatomyia miles, female, in dorsal view (from Elson- Harris 1987). K. Anebomyia atripes, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Anebomyia atripes, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949324/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 76</figureCitation>
|
||||
A-B)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7C3024FF3F1CF94F9CE574" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7C3024FF3F1CF94F9CE574" blockId="82.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FF3F1CF94F1AE501" bold="true" box="[199,618,1772,1797]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||||
: The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FCF31CF84EF8E500" box="[779,904,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FCF31CF84EF8E500" box="[779,904,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Macropeza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from 22 species in the Nearctic, Palaearctic, Oriental, and Afrotropical Regions (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FD491D1A4E21E52C" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[689,849,1807,1832]" genus="Borkent" pageId="82" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD7C3024FD491D1A4E21E52C" author="Borkent" box="[689,849,1807,1832]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FC9B1D044951E523" authorityName="Meillon & Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[867,1057,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FC9B1D044951E523" box="[867,1057,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Macropeza geari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is transferred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FB241D1A480EE52C" box="[1244,1406,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FB241D1A480EE52C" box="[1244,1406,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pellucidomyia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a new combination above. Immatures have been collected from mud and among plants at stream and river margins, reservoirs, and from aquatic plants (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FDD31D4D4FABE56B" box="[555,731,1880,1903]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stratiotes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FDD31D4D4FABE56B" box="[555,731,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pistia stratiotes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7C3025FF3F1D694CFEE344" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7C3024FF3F1D694DA1E5BD" blockId="82.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FF3F1D694F5CE591" bold="true" box="[199,556,1916,1941]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
: The pupae of four named species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FC211D684926E590" box="[985,1110,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FC211D684926E590" box="[985,1110,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Macropeza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been described (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD7C3024FAA91D694DB4E5BD" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7C3025FF3F1DD14CFEE344" blockId="82.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="83.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
All species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FE801DD04C85E5D8" box="[376,501,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FE801DD04C85E5D8" box="[376,501,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Macropeza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, other than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7C3024FD731DD04E57E5D9" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[651,807,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7C3024FD731DD04E57E5D9" box="[651,807,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">M. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are nearly unique in having L-1-VIII on abdominal segment 8 (see character 71). In addition, nearly all species have another synapomorphy, with D-4-IV between D- 8-IV and D-9-IV. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FE781AA84F67E2D1" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[384,535,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FE781AA84F67E2D1" box="[384,535,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the sensilla is medial to D-8-IV and D-9-IV but is between the two comparable sensilla on abdominal segments 5 and 6. These observations may suggest that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FBEB1AF449DCE2FC" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1043,1196,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FBEB1AF449DCE2FC" box="[1043,1196,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the sister group to the remaining
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FEC71B104CCCE318" box="[319,444,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FEC71B104CCCE318" box="[319,444,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Macropeza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
examined or alternately, that the single specimen available had aberrantly distributed sensilla on segment 4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD7D3025FF3F1B594FBAE01C" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD7D3025FF3F1B594FBAE01C" blockId="83.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FF3F1B594F73E361" bold="true" box="[199,515,332,357]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FDED1B584FD7E361" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[533,679,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FDED1B584FD7E361" box="[533,679,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M. albitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Piława river, Szwecja nr Wałcz,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7D3025FB0E1B594837E361" box="[1270,1351,332,357]" name="Poland" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7D3025FAAD1B594DBFE38C" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2007-07-05">5-VII- 2007</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD7D3025FF271B7A4C58E38C" box="[223,296,367,392]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26db-tnj6" name="Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universita" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">IZUG</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FEC41B644CDAE38C" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[316,426,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bayeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FEC41B644CDAE38C" box="[316,426,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M. bayeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae (of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD7D3025FD661B7A4E73E38C" box="[670,771,367,392]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), M’posa River, Empangeni, Zululand,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7D3025FB3C1B7A4828E38C" box="[1220,1368,367,392]" name="South Africa" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7D3025FA9C1B7A4DBFE3A9" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1937-01-14">14-I- 1937</date>
|
||||
(SAIM).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD7D3025FEB81B804CA9E3A9" baseAuthorityName="Meillon" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[320,473,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Macropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FEB81B804CA9E3A9" box="[320,473,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Manypuza River, INYONI, Zululand,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7D3025FB9C1B814988E3A9" box="[1124,1272,404,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7D3025FAFD1B8148ECE3A9" box="[1285,1436,404,429]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1936-08-19">19-VIII-1936</date>
|
||||
(SAIM).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD7D3025FF071BAC4C66E3D4" box="[255,278,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M</emphasis>
|
||||
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, Nam Houng River Margin, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD7D3025FAC81BAD4819E3CB" box="[1328,1385,440,463]" name="Laos" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7D3025FA8F1BA24D8FE3F1" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1967-12-17">17- XII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 2 pupal exuviae (different species), as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7D3025FBEC1BC949B6E3F1" box="[1044,1222,476,501]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1967-12-17" valueMax="1967-12-20" valueMin="1967-12-17">17-20-XII-1967</date>
|
||||
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
|
||||
<date id="FE62101FBD7D3025FE1A1BEA4F2BE01C" box="[482,603,511,536]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1968-01-06" valueMax="1968-01-09" valueMin="1968-01-06">6-9-I-1968</date>
|
||||
(BPBM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
355
data/02/75/A8/0275A87FE831A36FF1C7FA80FD6C91FE.xml
Normal file
355
data/02/75/A8/0275A87FE831A36FF1C7FA80FD6C91FE.xml
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<document id="44EE86A2A4FB8548DE3422FB5061CE87" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.194817" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efcc78e6-52ef-47a6-8502-c0ac1a37ee8f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="194817" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460217755994" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Molineri, Carlos, Siegloch, Ana E. & Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O." docDate="2010" docId="0275A87FE831A36FF1C7FA80FD6C91FE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02436p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2436" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tortopus harrisi Traver" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FE4CD007E831A36CF150FF84FFD9951F" masterDocTitle="The nymph of Tortopus harrisi Traver (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698237254458" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="F0B1940CE2E8412181458005D7AD2DC8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="22180872FB81733C33B62E16EBBB4A76">
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<mods:title id="F0B0575BAAF27249E2569F6F731B2A1F">The nymph of Tortopus harrisi Traver (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)</mods:title>
|
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<mods:name id="21BBAFC1563F8C897710093BF7120594" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A61EDC26BE59A7DEA7B3F0453D628B1E">Molineri, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="994FC549567AA01DA813E8BE042A2381">Siegloch, Ana E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6518C002847986DA896AD4A8619D9855" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ED0491AAF76128B0891332D157F8897A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="80735FC1DBBBB7ECACFAFFA9DAC172EA">Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="241FAD947457BF1AF461A61AD45B3B13">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="ED2AC9D76FBDFF5495AEE8684857F364">
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<mods:title id="CD34DC91B181A3A204AC79DC11622364">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9E8889688BC0984D0F9B01248B23953C">
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<mods:date id="57D868DABC6C8588DA2BE4DCCDB323AF">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3D37AFC895550D3E9AE4BF03254B34D0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9B09A91A7D1EDCABBC1EB5A3C0B96F25">2436</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CE02553EC4690990FEEF3D304528605E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.194817</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="01F69D7D2938568DB683161476B3B3A8" type="Zenodo-Dep">194817</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0275A87FE831A36FF1C7FA80FD6C91FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6209318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119384759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6209318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0275A87FE831A36FF1C7FA80FD6C91FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0275A87FE831A36FF1C7FA80FD6C91FE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C2C64AE2E831A36CF1C7FA80FE429003" box="[151,411,1284,1308]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A631969E831A36CF1C7FA80FE429003" blockId="0.[151,411,1284,1308]" box="[151,411,1284,1308]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D12BAE05E831A36CF1C7FA80FE429003" bold="true" box="[151,411,1284,1308]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE831A36CF1C7FA80FE429003" ID-CoL="57H2Q" authority="Traver" authorityName="Traver" box="[151,411,1284,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
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||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE831A36CF1C7FA80FE429003" bold="true" box="[151,411,1284,1308]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE831A36CF1C7FA80FE9F9003" bold="true" box="[151,326,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Tortopus harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
Traver
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C64AE2E831A36CF1C7FACEFC4B9040" box="[151,914,1354,1375]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8A631969E831A36CF1C7FACEFC4B9040" blockId="0.[151,914,1354,1375]" box="[151,914,1354,1375]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AACC3E47E831A36CF1C7FACEFC4B9040" box="[151,914,1354,1375]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE831A36CF1C7FACEFE479040" ID-CoL="57H2Q" authority="Traver 1950: 604" authorityName="Traver" authorityPageNumber="604" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,414,1354,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE831A36CF1C7FACEFF369040" box="[151,239,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="0B7D3F78E831A36CF1A5FACEFE479040" author="Traver" box="[245,414,1354,1375]" page="604" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1950">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D6498E831A36CF1A5FACEFEB69040" author="Traver" box="[245,367,1354,1375]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Traver, J. R. (1950) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part. IV. Family Ephemeridae (continued). Revista de Entomologia, 21, 593 - 614." type="journal article" year="1950">Traver 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 604
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="0B7D3F78E831A36CF0F8FACEFDAC9040" author="Dominguez" box="[424,629,1354,1375]" page="69" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1985">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D6498E831A36CF0F8FACEFD889040" author="Dominguez" box="[424,593,1354,1375]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Dominguez, E. (1985) El genero Tortopus Needham y Murphy (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) en la Argentina. Physis, B 43, 69 - 72." type="journal article" year="1985">Domínguez 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 69
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="0B7D3F78E831A36CF32FFACEFC579040" author="Dominguez" box="[639,910,1354,1375]" page="585" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="2006">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D6498E831A36CF32FFACEFC869040" author="Dominguez" box="[639,863,1354,1375]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M., Hubbard, M. D. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America in Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA, Vol. 2). Pensoft. Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||||
Domínguez
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE831A36CF3A4FACEFCFC9040" box="[756,805,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2006
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 585
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C2C64AE2E831A36FF1C7FA0EFD6C91FE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E831A36CF1C7FA0EFC499316" blockId="0.[151,1437,1418,2030]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE831A36CF1C7FA0EFEA390BD" bold="true" box="[151,378,1418,1442]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567A7CBE831A36CF0D1FA0EFE0690BE" box="[385,479,1418,1441]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
male imago (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCD81ACE831A36CF325FA0EFD6E90BE" box="[629,695,1418,1441]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">CUIC</collectionCode>
|
||||
slides No. 3031) from:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB59F9E831A36CF2EBFA0EFBD990BE" box="[955,1024,1418,1441]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Mato Grosso,
|
||||
<date id="FE623FA9E831A36CF5F6FA0EFACF90BE" box="[1190,1302,1418,1441]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="1919-12-23">23-XII-19</date>
|
||||
, R.G. Harris col. New material: 1 nymph (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCD81ACE831A36CF0BAFA28FDF890DC" box="[490,545,1452,1475]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f5t5-0jbj" name="Instituto Miguel Lillo" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">IML</collectionCode>
|
||||
) from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB59F9E831A36CF320FA28FD6090DC" box="[624,697,1452,1475]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Mato Grosso do Sul, Dois Irmãos river, Dois Irmãos do Buriti,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE87FAEE831A36CF1C7FA4BFECD90F9" box="[151,276,1487,1510]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" precision="15" value="-20.53139">20°31'53"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE87FAEE831A36CF04FFA4BFE7A90F9" box="[287,419,1487,1510]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" precision="15" value="-55.576942">55°34'37"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, drag,
|
||||
<date id="FE623FA9E831A36CF0BEFA4BFDB690F9" box="[494,623,1487,1510]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="2006-09-15">15-IX-2006</date>
|
||||
, D. S. Barbosa & D. Fassini; and 1 nymph (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ECCD81ACE831A36CF500FA4BFB4090F9" box="[1104,1177,1487,1510]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
) same data except river Miranda, Jardim,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE87FAEE831A36CF004FA76FE099316" box="[340,464,1522,1545]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" precision="15" value="-21.482224">21°28'56"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EFE87FAEE831A36CF08BFA76FDB89316" box="[475,609,1522,1545]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" precision="15" value="-56.120277">56°07'13"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), surber sampler,
|
||||
<date id="FE623FA9E831A36CF24EFA76FC559316" box="[798,908,1522,1545]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="2006-01-10">10-I-2006</date>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E831A36DF196F990FDFE9426" blockId="0.[151,1437,1418,2030]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,152,313]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
Mature nymph. Length. Male: body, 12.0–13.0 mm; cerci, 10.0–11.0 mm; caudal filament, 4.0 mm. Head with two large submedian oval tufts of short setae anterior to lateral ocelli (t in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF2C2F9B3FC089351" box="[914,977,1591,1614]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
); frontal ridge relatively straight in dorsal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF18AF9DEFEC1936E" box="[218,280,1626,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
); fronto-clipeal region straight not surpassing mandibular tusks ventrally (arrows in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF5F7F9DEFAD4936E" box="[1191,1293,1626,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||||
); mandibular tusks straight (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF065F9F9FE45938B" box="[309,412,1661,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with very few setae dorsally, mainly restricted to a subdistal group of seven rigid setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF436F9F9FF1A93A9" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
|
||||
); inner margin with two large tubercles (subdistal and submedian,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF2D7F91BFC3793A9" box="[903,1006,1695,1718]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
|
||||
); maxillae with a relatively large ventral gill (g in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF1AFF946FE9893C6" box="[255,321,1730,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Thorax. Pronotum with narrow anterior ring (0.25–0.26 of total length of pronotum); antero-lateral corners acutely projected. Legs. Foreleg with tibia-tarsus strongly flattened with a small dorso-distal projection (0.35– 0.40 of total length of claw) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF088F883FDF19201" box="[472,552,1799,1822]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
), ventral surface with two long U-shaped rows of filtering setae; fore femur with anterobasal short U-shaped row of filtering setae and an immediately posterior small group of simple setae. Middle leg with long setae on anterior and posterior (functionally ventral and dorsal, respectively) margins of femur, anterior margin of tibia and tarsus; apical third of tibia and tarsus completely covered with strong setae, apex of tibia with a brush of thick setae ventrally.
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB59F9E831A36CF06CF816FEA892B6" box="[316,369,1938,1961]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||||
leg with short strong setae on posterior margin, and transverse subdistal row of short setae on dorsal surface; hind tibia and tarsus with long setae on posterior margin, anterior margin covered with short and strong setae. All tarsal claws slender and curved, without denticles. Abdomen. Gill I single, small and elongated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE831A36CF588F853FAC092F1" box="[1240,1305,2007,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
), remaining gills well developed and double. Terga II–IX with medio-longitudinal row of setae; abdominal sterna with lateral margins covered with setae, more numerous on sterna V–IX, sterna V–VI also with row of setae on posterior margin. Cerci with rows of setae at each joining, mainly on basal fourth; terminal filament much thinner and with whorls of setae almost on its entire length. Genital rudiments (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE830A36DF3DEFE84FCC89408" box="[654,785,256,279]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||||
): peneal buds U-shaped, forceps bisegmented basal segment with large ventral knob (k in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE830A36DF09DFEA6FDC39426" box="[461,538,290,313]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DEA349E1E830A36DF1C7F808FE4C92F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" targetPageId="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E830A36DF1C7F808FE4C92F3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1932,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE830A36DF1C7F808FE8D92BB" bold="true" box="[151,340,1932,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE830A36DF00CF809FE1C92BB" box="[348,453,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE830A36DF00CF809FE1C92BB" box="[348,453,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Tortopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nymphs, head (setae omitted).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE830A36DF210F809FC6892BB" box="[832,945,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE830A36DF210F809FC6892BB" box="[832,945,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE830A36DF4D7F809FEEB92D7" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE830A36DF4D7F809FEEB92D7" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">T. obscuripennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t= tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DEA349E1E833A36EF1C7F886FB189241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E833A36EF1C7F886FB189241" blockId="2.[151,1436,1794,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE833A36EF1C7F886FE8D9205" bold="true" box="[151,340,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 6–12.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE833A36EF00CF886FDD79206" box="[348,526,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE833A36EF00CF886FDD79206" box="[348,526,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tortopus harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nymph: 6, right mandible, d.v.; 7, left mandible, v.v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v.v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g= gill; k= knob.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E833A36FF196F809FAD09443" blockId="2.[151,1436,1933,2025]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1249]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
The association between the nymphal and adult stages was possible because both nymphs are pharate male subimagos ready to molt. Thus genital morphology could be studied and compared with the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5567A7CBE833A36EF52DF82BFB0292D9" box="[1149,1243,1967,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
male, sharing the following features: parastyli very short and pointed, large ventral knob on forceps base, and penes basally fused. Also the body size and general coloration coincide in both nymphs and adult. Only two species of the genus present very short and pointed parastyli,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF00CFF3EFE1B95CE" box="[348,450,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF00CFF3EFE1B95CE" box="[348,450,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF0A8FF3EFD8C95CE" box="[504,597,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF0A8FF3EFD8C95CE" box="[504,597,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. bellus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but they can be easily separated because the last species is larger and much darker than the former (Molineri submitted). Furthermore,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF259FF59FCBA95EB" box="[777,867,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF259FF59FCBA95EB" box="[777,867,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. bellus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only known from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB59F9E832A36FF511FF59FB6C95EB" box="[1089,1205,221,244]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
while all the material attributed to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF04EFE84FE599408" box="[286,384,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF04EFE84FE599408" box="[286,384,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is restricted to the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB59F9E832A36FF319FE84FD759408" box="[585,684,256,279]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
river basin. The nymph of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF29CFE84FBA19408" box="[972,1144,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF29CFE84FBA19408" box="[972,1144,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tortopus harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from the other three species known from this stage (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF0B6FEA6FD989426" box="[486,577,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF0B6FEA6FD989426" box="[486,577,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. puella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF300FEA6FCD99426" box="[592,768,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF300FEA6FCD99426" box="[592,768,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. obscuripennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF262FEA6FC5E9426" box="[818,903,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF262FEA6FC5E9426" box="[818,903,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sarae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) in many important features, the most remarkable being the paired tubercles on the mandibular tusks (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF3EEFEC1FCD09443" box="[702,777,325,348]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF245FEC1FCE79443" box="[789,830,325,348]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">6–7</figureCitation>
|
||||
) but also in other characters treated below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E832A36FF196FEECFE8B9750" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
Campsurinae nymphs show tufts or patches of short thick setae tightly grouped on dorsum of head, the largest of these tufts being located anteromedially to lateral ocelli. These patches are relatively small and elongated in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF44EFE0EFAA394BE" box="[1310,1402,394,417]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF44EFE0EFAA394BE" box="[1310,1402,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. puella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF4D8FE0EFEF494DB" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF4D8FE0EFEF494DB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. obscuripennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF031FE29FE6E94DB" box="[353,439,429,452]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF031FE29FE6E94DB" box="[353,439,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sarae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(t in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF0A1FE29FDF694DB" box="[497,559,429,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) but larger and subovate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF20CFE29FC6494DB" box="[860,957,429,452]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF20CFE29FC6494DB" box="[860,957,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF29EFE29FBD794DB" box="[974,1038,429,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The fronto-clypeal area, anterior to the prominent frontal ridge, is somewhat concave and very developed in the species previously described, the apex of the clypeus being directed ventrally between the mandibular tusks (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF20DFE76FC109716" box="[861,969,498,521]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the contrary, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF5E7FE76FAC79716" box="[1207,1310,498,521]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF5E7FE76FAC79716" box="[1207,1310,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the frontoclypeal area is less developed and straight (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF332FD91FD1E9733" box="[610,711,533,556]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the apex of clypeus being distinctly marked and ending dorsally to the tusks (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF054FDBCFE9C9750" box="[260,325,568,591]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E832A36FF196FDDEFE9B9698" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
Mandibles not only differ in the number of median tubercles, one subdistal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF577FDDEFBB2976E" box="[1063,1131,602,625]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) in the triplet
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF445FDDEFAAE976E" box="[1301,1399,602,625]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF445FDDEFAAE976E" box="[1301,1399,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. puella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF4D8FDDEFEE0978B" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF4D8FDDEFEE0978B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. obscuripennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF022FDF9FE16978B" box="[370,463,637,660]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF022FDF9FE16978B" box="[370,463,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sarae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but two (subdistal and submedian,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF23EFDF9FC68978B" box="[878,945,637,660]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
) in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF2B4FDF9FB89978B" box="[996,1104,637,660]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF2B4FDF9FB89978B" box="[996,1104,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but also on the number and arrangement of spines and setae. The distinct ridge covered with strong short spines along the outer (dorso-lateral) margin of the tusks (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF024FD46FE6A97C6" box="[372,435,706,729]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is only present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF3D3FD46FD0697C6" box="[643,735,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF3D3FD46FD0697C6" box="[643,735,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. puella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF3BEFD46FC4797C6" box="[750,926,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF3BEFD46FC4797C6" box="[750,926,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. obscuripennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF283FD46FBFE97C6" box="[979,1063,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF283FD46FBFE97C6" box="[979,1063,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sarae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(the tusks of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF5EBFD46FAC597C6" box="[1211,1308,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF5EBFD46FAC597C6" box="[1211,1308,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are smooth in this area,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF04EFD61FEB197E3" box="[286,360,741,764]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="1.[151,279,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[185,1405,362,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,347,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Tortopus nymphs, head (setae omitted). T. harrisi: 1, dorsal view; 2, latero-dorsal view. T. obscuripennis: 3, dorsal view; 4, latero-dorsal view; 5, lateral view (tusks removed). Abbreviations: t = tuft; arrows indicate fronto-clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF026FD61FE7A97E3" box="[374,419,741,764]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">6–7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Finally, the previously known nymphs present a large number of setae directed medially on inner margin of the tusks, but they are almost absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF3B3FC8CFC9A9600" box="[739,835,776,799]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF3B3FC8CFC9A9600" box="[739,835,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The legs are very similar in all four species, not only in the shape but also in setation. The only difference is in fore tibia-tarsus, much more projected distally in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF44AFCAEFAA0965E" box="[1306,1401,810,833]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF44AFCAEFAA0965E" box="[1306,1401,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. puella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF4D8FCAEFEF6967B" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF4D8FCAEFEF6967B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. obscuripennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF034FCC9FE63967B" box="[356,442,845,868]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF034FCC9FE63967B" box="[356,442,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sarae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(the projection being 2/3 of the total length of the claw) than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF52EFCC9FB3D967B" box="[1150,1252,845,868]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF52EFCC9FB3D967B" box="[1150,1252,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(only 2/5 of that length,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF1B7FCF4FEEF9698" box="[231,310,880,903]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E832A36FF196FC16FC6B96F0" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
The following characters, of generic importance (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D6498E832A36FF38BFC16FCA296B6" author="Molineri" box="[731,891,914,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Molineri, C. (2008) The larvae of the burrowing mayfly genus Tortopus (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae). Aquatic Insects, 30, 7 - 19." type="journal article" year="2008">Molineri 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), are shared by all four species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF5BEFC16FA9596B6" box="[1262,1356,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF5BEFC16FA9596B6" box="[1262,1356,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tortopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
known as nymphs: the shape and location of the subapical tubercle on the mandibular tusk, the large finger-like gill on base of maxilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF1A6FC5CFEEC96F0" box="[246,309,984,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and the unilamellate gill on abdominal segment I (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="12E705ECE832A36FF233FC5CFC7C96F0" box="[867,933,984,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="2.[151,271,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[253,1343,187,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[247,1349,158,1769]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Tortopus harrisi nymph: 6, right mandible, d. v.; 7, left mandible, v. v. (filtering setae on basal outer margin omitted); 8, outline of maxilla indicating gill location; 9, abdominal gill I; 10, genital rudiments, v. v.; 11, forceps of pharate subimago; 12, apex of tibia and tarsus, nymphal foreleg. Abbreviations: g = gill; k = knob." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8A631969E832A36FF196FC7EFD6C91FE" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
The differences in the setation of the tusks and the form of the fronto-clypeal area are strong indicators of differences in habitat preference in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF0CBFB99FDD9912B" box="[411,512,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF0CBFB99FDD9912B" box="[411,512,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The nymphs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF3EBFB99FCCE912B" box="[699,791,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF3EBFB99FCCE912B" box="[699,791,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. puella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF278FB99FC02912B" box="[808,987,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF278FB99FC02912B" box="[808,987,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. obscuripennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF541FB99FBB1912B" box="[1041,1128,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF541FB99FBB1912B" box="[1041,1128,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sarae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
inhabit U-shaped tunnels in hard clay river banks, and they use the dorsal surface of the tusks and the fronto-clypeal region to push the burrowed sediment out of their tunnels (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D6498E832A36FF085FBE6FDAC9166" author="Molineri" box="[469,629,1122,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Molineri, C. (2008) The larvae of the burrowing mayfly genus Tortopus (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae). Aquatic Insects, 30, 7 - 19." type="journal article" year="2008">Molineri 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC62EAE832A36FF3D6FBE6FCED9166" box="[646,820,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Tortopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harrisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A8C57BE832A36FF3D6FBE6FCED9166" box="[646,820,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tortopus harrisi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nymphs were collected with a drag and a surber on sandy substrate, and as they lack setae directed medially on the inner margin of the tusks and they show poorly developed fronto-clypeal region, it is probable that they do not burrow in clay substrate as the other species. Nevertheless all the biological aspects of this species remain unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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