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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8050" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8050" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8050" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - aculeates (Apoidea, Chrysidoidea and Vespoidea)" checkinTime="1553126282879" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Else, George R., Bolton, Barry &amp; Broad, Gavin R." docDate="2016" docId="C87504D8D95A345A5B90B0FD47EABB6E" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8050" docTitle="Anthophila (Euandrena) Hedicke 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8050" masterDocId="FFFC6042FFF44370CD3F992EFFC4FFB9" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - aculeates (Apoidea, Chrysidoidea and Vespoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="8050" masterPageNumber="8050" pageNumber="8050" updateTime="1618530102736" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - aculeates (Apoidea, Chrysidoidea and Vespoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Else, George R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87504D8D95A345A5B90B0FD47EABB6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87504D8D95A345A5B90B0FD47EABB6E" lastPageNumber="8050" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hedicke, 1933" authorityName="Hedicke" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Choreutidae" genus="Anthophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthophila (Euandrena)" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Euandrena">Euandrena Hedicke, 1933</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Xanthandrena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="XANTHANDRENA" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">XANTHANDRENA</taxonomicName>
Lanham, 1949
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Geandrena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="GEANDRENA" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">GEANDRENA</taxonomicName>
LaBerge, 1964
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="7ACD677FA359C6B654959FF98CD09119">Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="3C3F64BE7072D773FDAAC0A9644B3B3D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0DBD8B171CA1257ACFB4D77E622E105C" pageNumber="325">
<taxonomicName id="432DD0FF7748C15D46E2F641C7FC6D1D" ID-CoL="7WHRF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Haemanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puniceus" status="spec. nov.">Haemanthus puniceus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B87012F5BCD4527D8C0F8635C29DCCB9" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="B2A4F737BAFAE7A2436FEF8BD741E3A8" pageNumber="325">
2. Haemanthus foliis lanceolatis undulatis.
<emphasis id="34B581666B9E0BA79DF502DFC2C8B360" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 127.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E68BB6C12766508B6C59B8F5CCE318DD" italics="true">Hort. ups. 127.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8745B8274ED4785E32B31635C501B37B" italics="true">Roy. lugdb. 42.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FD27C81B7A274F3930E939CF538F10B" pageNumber="325">
Haemanthus colchici foliis, perianthio herbaceo.
<emphasis id="BA38F80B29A60952FA4CA5CAA1624528" italics="true">Dill. elth. 167. p. 140. t.2.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9A86A69638F0735E7E4CFCF8F3C9DB6" pageNumber="325">
Hyacintho affinis africana, bulbosa radice, caule elegantissime maculato.
<emphasis id="EDDAC8DDFAE54E7D30EDF2CC8DFA6EFD" italics="true">Seb. thes.1. p.20. t.12. f.1. 2. 3.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA6ECB30C2C3C7CB5181F0849009B934" pageNumber="325">
Orchis s. Satyrium e Guinea.
<emphasis id="C1699B358533CEA299778470CDE31887" italics="true">Swert. flor. 1. p. 62. f. 3.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FDFA87F5C330E2BFC3F76BF9953647E2" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="631166E2DFA70396536D93F1DBC57DFD" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="EF927EAE9209CC10DDCD065D69B8B390" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Africa
<emphasis id="E014F09EBD3940044F4AC12E7356309C" italics="true">. ♃</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="065A8E82EFE31AC9141BFA40B0F2D297">New tribal placement and review of Parapucaya Prell and Pucaya Ohaus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C87513BE23303663F71D08B4495657FF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87513BE23303663F71D08B4495657FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87513BE23303663F71D08B4495657FF" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
<subSubSection id="1133B819C02FFAF0BA81272006F813E8" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="BD6BF278E1507300AB9FAEBECE28F64C" ID-CoL="6GH9" authority="Prell, 1934" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parapucaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapucaya" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parapucaya Prell, 1934</taxonomicName>
Figs 3, 25, 31, 32, 33, 34
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1EE973F2B952EA5A6884822E068F96B5" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1381D45712E2BB3B08F510333E9514F7" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName id="C40CEFD149ACD2772BB51C5FCD1B6851" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parapucaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapucaya" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parapucaya</taxonomicName>
Prell, 1934: 162.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5E1A3E538462EE4433A7109E91BE13D" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" type="notes">
<paragraph id="D3EB3556BDDCE3170D68ECB622503C6C" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97BCD9504757124BDD4288045C0C8525" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName id="CDECEAC74496C6501E1E6BCDAB313D4C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parapucaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapucaya" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parapucaya</taxonomicName>
contains two Neotropical species. The genus is distinct from other
<taxonomicName id="D3EBA79A71B9FBB54AA772674B00CE04" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
because of the presence of a strongly impressed frontoclypeal suture with the clypeus raised along the suture; lateral margin of clypeus near base raised into a subacute crest, evident in posterodorsal view (Fig. 25); and the presence of double tubercles or declivity near the anterior margin of the pronotum. It is necessary to look closely at the anterior margin of the pronotum to see the two small tubercles that help to characterize this genus, which can occasionally be difficult in some specimens where these tubercles are nearly absent, especially in
<taxonomicName id="C7F4B3B2D1FC563509B9CB372E2737E3" lsidName="P. amazonica" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="amazonica">P. amazonica</taxonomicName>
. The color and general appearance of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="658CB11050B894A4F21FCBE0F706A43F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parapucaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapucaya" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parapucaya</taxonomicName>
make them appear similar to
<taxonomicName id="44D0EED94805E5F8CAA5FC1B0D27293B" lsidName="C. melanocephala" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="melanocephala">C. melanocephala</taxonomicName>
and other related species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31E7805FC019599BDEB89D7EFAD23C71" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="3A8C09F18F9C3DF542270B232929BDB3" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parapucaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapucaya" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parapucaya</taxonomicName>
have been collected at lights at night. Species of this genus are found distributed in tropical lowlands, such as coastal and Amazonian rainforests, but also in areas with temperate climate, such as cloud forests. Based on label data of Ecuadorian individuals, specimens have been found in pastures. Nothing is known about the immature stages of
<taxonomicName id="31C2996BEFA73B45B91E304CA1ADF733" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Parapucaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapucaya" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parapucaya</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Additions to Thelebolales (Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota): Pseudogeomyces lindneri gen. et sp. nov. and Pseudogymnoascus campensis sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Han, Yan-Feng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chen, Wan-Hao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-6841</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tao, Gang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ttg729@sina.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>95</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>47</mods:start>
<mods:end>60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.95.97474</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.95.97474</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-95-47</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E7A9AFD3209453B09576931A9C6564D8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C875A466442A59119AB92804DDC232FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C875A466442A59119AB92804DDC232FD" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName LSID="C875A466-442A-5911-9AB9-2804DDC232FD" authority="Zhi. Y. Zhang &amp; Y. F. Han" authorityName="Zhi. Y. Zhang &amp; Y. F. Han" authorityYear="2023" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Pseudogeomyces" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomyces" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Pseudogeomyces Zhi.Y. Zhang &amp; Y.F. Han</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="47">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
Referring to its similarity to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Traaen" authorityYear="1914" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Geomyces" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Geomyces" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Geomyces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">China and the USA.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Saprobic</emphasis>
on the soil.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Sexual morph</emphasis>
: not observed.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Asexual morph</emphasis>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hyphae</emphasis>
</emphasis>
branched, septate, smooth.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Conidiophores</emphasis>
solitary, rare branches, hyaline, smooth, arising from the erect or geniculated hyphae, usually bearing two to three branches at the tip.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Conidia</emphasis>
hyaline, rough, verrucosa, solitary, obovoid, globose to subglobose, borne on hyphae, short protrusions, side branches or in conidiophores separated by connective cells.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Intercalary conidia</emphasis>
hyaline, globose to subglobose, fusiform with both truncate.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Chlamydospores</emphasis>
not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhi. Y. Zhang &amp; Y. F. Han" authorityYear="2023" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Pseudogeomyces" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomyces lindneri" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="lindneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogeomyces lindneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zhi. Y. Zhang &amp; Y. F. Han.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" genus="Pseudogeomycesis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomycesis" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogeomycesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is introduced to accommodate
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" genus="Pseudogeomycesis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomycesis lindneri" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lindneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogeomycesis lindneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
obtained from urban soil in China and the four isolates (12NJ08, 17WV09, 23WI14 and 23WI08) obtained from bat hibernacular soil in New Jersey, West Virginia and Wisconsin, USA (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2013.07.001" author="Minnis, AM" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="638 - 649" refId="B14" refString="Minnis, AM, Lindner, DL, 2013. Phylogenetic evaluation of Geomyces and allies reveals no close relatives of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, comb. nov., in bat hibernacula of eastern North America. Fungal Biology 117 (9): 638 - 649, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2013.07.001" title="Phylogenetic evaluation of Geomyces and allies reveals no close relatives of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, comb. nov., in bat hibernacula of eastern North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2013.07.001" volume="117" year="2013">Minnis and Lindner 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, these isolates have not been identified to species to date. Currently, the order
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="order">Thelebolales</taxonomicName>
consists of 24 genera (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" author="Wijayawardene, NN" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B23" refString="Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Rajeshkumar, KC, Hawksworth, DL, Madrid, H, Kirk, PM, Braun, U, Singh, RV, Crous, PW, Kukwa, M, Luecking, R, Kurtzman, CP, Yurkov, A, Haelewaters, D, Aptroot, A, Lumbsch, HT, Timdal, E, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Phillips, AJL, Groenewald, JZ, Papizadeh, M, Selbmann, L, Dayarathne, MC, Weerakoon, G, Jones, EBG, Suetrong, S, Tian, Q, Castaneda-Ruiz, RF, Bahkali, AH, Pang, KL, Tanaka, K, Dai, DQ, Sakayaroj, J, Hujslova, M, Lombard, L, Shenoy, BD, Suija, A, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Thambugala, KM, Wanasinghe, DN, Sharma, BO, Gaikwad, S, Pandit, G, Zucconi, L, Onofri, S, Egidi, E, Raja, HA, Kodsueb, R, Caceres, MES, Perez-Ortega, S, Fiuza, PO, Monteiro, JS, Vasilyeva, LN, Shivas, RG, Prieto, M, Wedin, M, Olariaga, I, Lateef, AA, Agrawal, Y, Fazeli, SAS, Amoozegar, MA, Zhao, GZ, Pfliegler, WP, Sharma, G, Oset, M, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Takamatsu, S, Bensch, K, de Silva, NI, de Kesel, A, Karunarathna, A, Boonmee, S, Pfister, DH, Lu, YZ, Luo, ZL, Boonyuen, N, Daranagama, DA, Senanayake, IC, Jayasiri, SC, Samarakoon, MC, Zeng, XY, Doilom, M, Quijada, L, Rampadarath, S, Heredia, G, Dissanayake, AJ, Jayawardana, RS, Perera, RH, Tang, LZ, Phukhamsakda, C, Hernandez-Restrepo, M, Ma, X, Tibpromma, S, Gusmao, LFP, Weerahewa, D, Karunarathna, SC, 2017. Notes for genera: Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 86 (1): 1 - 594, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" title="Notes for genera: Ascomycota." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" volume="86" year="2017">Wijayawardene et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7" author="Ekanayaka, AH" journalOrPublisher="Mycosphere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="310 - 489" refId="B3" refString="Ekanayaka, AH, Hyde, KD, Gentekaki, E, McKenzie, EHC, Zhao, Q, Bulgakov, TS, Camporesi, E, 2019. Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10 (1): 310 - 489, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7" title="Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes." url="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7" volume="10" year="2019">Ekanayaka et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1128/Spectrum.00867-21" author="Zhang, ZY" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B26" refString="Zhang, ZY, Shao, QY, Li, X, Chen, WH, Liang, JD, Han, YF, Huang, JZ, Liang, ZQ, 2021. Culturable fungi from urban soils in China I: Description of 10 new taxa. Microbiology Spectrum 9(2): e00867-e21. https://doi.org/10.1128/Spectrum.00867-21" title="Culturable fungi from urban soils in China I: Description of 10 new taxa. Microbiology Spectrum 9 (2): e 00867 - e 21." url="https://doi.org/10.1128/Spectrum.00867-21" year="2021">Zhang et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The results of phylogenetic analyses (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogram generated from a Maximum Likelihood analysis of sequences of Thelebolales, based on ITS and LSU. ML bootstrap values (≥ 75 %) and Bayesian posterior probability (≥ 0.75) are indicated along branches (BP / ML). The new taxa are highlighted in bold and blue and &quot; T &quot; indicate ex-type cultures." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.97474.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806102" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogram generated from A Maximum Likelihood analysis of sequences of Thelebolaceae, based on ITS, LSU, EF 1 A, RPB 2 and MCM 7. ML bootstrap values (≥ 75 %) and Bayesian posterior probability (≥ 0.75) are indicated along branches (BP / ML). Clades are identified using clade nomenclature (A to O) formally defined by Minnis and Lindner (2013). The new taxa are highlighted in bold and blue and &quot; T &quot; indicate ex-type cultures." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.95.97474.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806103" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2</figureCitation>
) revealed that
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" genus="Pseudogeomycesis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomycesis" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogeomycesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed a distinct clade with high support value. However,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudier" authorityYear="1869" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Ascophanus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ascophanus" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Ascophanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Ascozonus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ascozonus" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Ascozonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Caccobius" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Caccobius" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Caccobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cain &amp; Kimbrough" authorityYear="1970" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Coprobolus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coprobolus" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Coprobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="J.van Brummelen" authorityYear="1977" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Leptokalpion" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Leptokalpion" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Leptokalpion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Udaiyan &amp; V.S.Hosagoudar" authorityYear="1992" class="Sordariomycetes" genus="Neelakesa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neelakesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Neelakesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Brummelen" authorityYear="1985" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Pseudascozonus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudascozonus" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudascozonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are lacking sequence data (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7" author="Ekanayaka, AH" journalOrPublisher="Mycosphere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="310 - 489" refId="B3" refString="Ekanayaka, AH, Hyde, KD, Gentekaki, E, McKenzie, EHC, Zhao, Q, Bulgakov, TS, Camporesi, E, 2019. Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10 (1): 310 - 489, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7" title="Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes." url="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7" volume="10" year="2019">Ekanayaka et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, retrieval in Oct 2022); thus, these genera were not included in our phylogenetic analysis. Besides, these genera were reported without asexual morphs (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" author="Wijayawardene, NN" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B23" refString="Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Rajeshkumar, KC, Hawksworth, DL, Madrid, H, Kirk, PM, Braun, U, Singh, RV, Crous, PW, Kukwa, M, Luecking, R, Kurtzman, CP, Yurkov, A, Haelewaters, D, Aptroot, A, Lumbsch, HT, Timdal, E, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Phillips, AJL, Groenewald, JZ, Papizadeh, M, Selbmann, L, Dayarathne, MC, Weerakoon, G, Jones, EBG, Suetrong, S, Tian, Q, Castaneda-Ruiz, RF, Bahkali, AH, Pang, KL, Tanaka, K, Dai, DQ, Sakayaroj, J, Hujslova, M, Lombard, L, Shenoy, BD, Suija, A, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Thambugala, KM, Wanasinghe, DN, Sharma, BO, Gaikwad, S, Pandit, G, Zucconi, L, Onofri, S, Egidi, E, Raja, HA, Kodsueb, R, Caceres, MES, Perez-Ortega, S, Fiuza, PO, Monteiro, JS, Vasilyeva, LN, Shivas, RG, Prieto, M, Wedin, M, Olariaga, I, Lateef, AA, Agrawal, Y, Fazeli, SAS, Amoozegar, MA, Zhao, GZ, Pfliegler, WP, Sharma, G, Oset, M, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Takamatsu, S, Bensch, K, de Silva, NI, de Kesel, A, Karunarathna, A, Boonmee, S, Pfister, DH, Lu, YZ, Luo, ZL, Boonyuen, N, Daranagama, DA, Senanayake, IC, Jayasiri, SC, Samarakoon, MC, Zeng, XY, Doilom, M, Quijada, L, Rampadarath, S, Heredia, G, Dissanayake, AJ, Jayawardana, RS, Perera, RH, Tang, LZ, Phukhamsakda, C, Hernandez-Restrepo, M, Ma, X, Tibpromma, S, Gusmao, LFP, Weerahewa, D, Karunarathna, SC, 2017. Notes for genera: Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 86 (1): 1 - 594, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" title="Notes for genera: Ascomycota." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" volume="86" year="2017">Wijayawardene et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, it was not possible to compare the morphological differences of the newly-established genus,
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" genus="Pseudogeomycesis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomycesis" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogeomycesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sexual stage not observed), with the aforementioned genera. However, members of these genera are saprobes (involving dung and wood), terrestrial and widely distributed (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" author="Wijayawardene, NN" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B23" refString="Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Rajeshkumar, KC, Hawksworth, DL, Madrid, H, Kirk, PM, Braun, U, Singh, RV, Crous, PW, Kukwa, M, Luecking, R, Kurtzman, CP, Yurkov, A, Haelewaters, D, Aptroot, A, Lumbsch, HT, Timdal, E, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Phillips, AJL, Groenewald, JZ, Papizadeh, M, Selbmann, L, Dayarathne, MC, Weerakoon, G, Jones, EBG, Suetrong, S, Tian, Q, Castaneda-Ruiz, RF, Bahkali, AH, Pang, KL, Tanaka, K, Dai, DQ, Sakayaroj, J, Hujslova, M, Lombard, L, Shenoy, BD, Suija, A, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Thambugala, KM, Wanasinghe, DN, Sharma, BO, Gaikwad, S, Pandit, G, Zucconi, L, Onofri, S, Egidi, E, Raja, HA, Kodsueb, R, Caceres, MES, Perez-Ortega, S, Fiuza, PO, Monteiro, JS, Vasilyeva, LN, Shivas, RG, Prieto, M, Wedin, M, Olariaga, I, Lateef, AA, Agrawal, Y, Fazeli, SAS, Amoozegar, MA, Zhao, GZ, Pfliegler, WP, Sharma, G, Oset, M, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Takamatsu, S, Bensch, K, de Silva, NI, de Kesel, A, Karunarathna, A, Boonmee, S, Pfister, DH, Lu, YZ, Luo, ZL, Boonyuen, N, Daranagama, DA, Senanayake, IC, Jayasiri, SC, Samarakoon, MC, Zeng, XY, Doilom, M, Quijada, L, Rampadarath, S, Heredia, G, Dissanayake, AJ, Jayawardana, RS, Perera, RH, Tang, LZ, Phukhamsakda, C, Hernandez-Restrepo, M, Ma, X, Tibpromma, S, Gusmao, LFP, Weerahewa, D, Karunarathna, SC, 2017. Notes for genera: Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 86 (1): 1 - 594, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" title="Notes for genera: Ascomycota." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0" volume="86" year="2017">Wijayawardene et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Of the remaining genera,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhi. Y. Zhang &amp; Y. F. Han" authorityYear="2023" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Pseudogeomyces" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomyces" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogeomyces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Traaen" authorityYear="1914" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Geomyces" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Geomyces" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Geomyces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the asexual morphs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Raillo" authorityYear="1929" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Pseudogymnoascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogymnoascus" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogymnoascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhi. Y. Zhang &amp; Y. F. Han" authorityYear="2023" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Pseudogeomyces" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogeomyces" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogeomyces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differed from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Traaen" authorityYear="1914" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Geomyces" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Geomyces" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Geomyces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Raillo" authorityYear="1929" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Thelebolaceae" genus="Pseudogymnoascus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudogymnoascus" order="Thelebolales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pseudogymnoascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the presence of two to three irregular branches at the tip of the conidiophores (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1958.12024739" author="Kuehn, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="417 - 439" refId="B9" refString="Kuehn, HH, 1958. A preliminary survey of the Gymnoascaceae. I. Mycologia 50 (3): 417 - 439, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1958.12024739" title="A preliminary survey of the Gymnoascaceae. I." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1958.12024739" volume="50" year="1958">Kuehn 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Van Oorschot, CA" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 89" refId="B20" refString="Van Oorschot, CA, 1980. A revision of Chrysosporium and allied genera. Studies in Mycology 20: 1 - 89" title="A revision of Chrysosporium and allied genera." volume="20" year="1980">Van Oorschot 1980</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.57676" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54649723-f0f4-4d07-8963-8228dca1d0c9" ID-PMC="PMC7700760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-993-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="46302F4413255911890175B99C918CE6" ID-PubMed="33304114" ID-ZooBank="DAFA5BEE75714CA899D1D76DFFCAB875" ModsDocID="1313-2970-993-1" checkinTime="1605571766244" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang &amp; Bian, Dongju" docDate="2020" docId="C875D2863D1956E38E0F33DA051F819B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 993: 1-26" docOrigin="ZooKeys 993" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.57676" docTitle="Ischnothyreus meukyawwa Tong &amp; Li 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="08A2A68D-453F-4E7F-8F52-05FB0C49EDAC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="46302F4413255911890175B99C918CE6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="46302F4413255911890175B99C918CE6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169902134" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic study of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tong, Yanfeng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Life Science College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China &amp; Southeast Asia Biological Diversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lisq@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bian, Dongju</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>993</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.57676</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="169091788" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08A2A68D-453F-4E7F-8F52-05FB0C49EDAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C875D2863D1956E38E0F33DA051F819B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="C875D286-3D19-56E3-8E0F-33DA051F819B" authority="Tong &amp; Li" authorityName="Tong &amp; Li" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Ischnothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischnothyreus meukyawwa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meukyawwa" status="sp. nov.">Ischnothyreus meukyawwa Tong &amp; Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B, G prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views C, D palpal bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: hsm = hook-shaped membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475034" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., female paratype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D prosoma, anterior view E epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation: ass = anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-C); 0.2 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475035" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Ischnothyreus spp., left male palp A-C I. meukyawwa sp. nov. D-F I. taunggyi sp. nov. G-I I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, D, G prolateral view B, E, H dorsal view C, F, I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475044" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 14A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Ischnothyreus spp., left male chelicerae. A, B I. meukyawwa sp. nov. C, D I. taunggyi sp. nov. E, F I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, C, E anterior view B, D, F posterior view. Abbreviations: csp = crown-shaped sclerotized process; sem = serrated exterior margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Ischnothyreus spp., female copulatory organ A, B I. hponkanrazi sp. nov. C, D I. meukyawwa sp. nov. E, F I. qiuxing sp. nov. G, H I. taunggyi sp. nov. A, C, E, G ventral view B, D, F, H dorsal view. Abbreviations: a = apodemes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; csa = circular atrium; nsa = nipple-shaped atrium; oa = opening of the atrium; wt = winding tube. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475046" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 16C, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
♂: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Meukyawwa Village; 27°20'883&quot;N, 97°22'717&quot;E; elevation ca 464 m; 25.XII.2016; Wu J. leg. (IZCAS AR-25160).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 5♂ 9♀, same data as for holotype (IZCAS AR-25161-25174).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. an" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="an">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. an</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tong &amp; Li, 2016 in the large abdominal dorsal and ventral scutum, but can be distinguished by the unmodified male cheliceral fang (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3H, I</figureCitation>
) (vs with thorn-like protrusion;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" author="Tong, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 66" refId="B9" refString="Tong, Y, Koh, JKH, Tong, X, Li, S, 2016. Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore. ZooKeys 618: 39 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" title="Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" volume="618" year="2016">Tong et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1G, H), the acute distal end of male palp (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Ischnothyreus spp., left male palp A-C I. meukyawwa sp. nov. D-F I. taunggyi sp. nov. G-I I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, D, G prolateral view B, E, H dorsal view C, F, I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475044" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A</figureCitation>
) (vs blunt distal end of male palp;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" author="Tong, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 66" refId="B9" refString="Tong, Y, Koh, JKH, Tong, X, Li, S, 2016. Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore. ZooKeys 618: 39 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" title="Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" volume="618" year="2016">Tong et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3A, D), and the small bell-shaped atrium (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Ischnothyreus spp., female copulatory organ A, B I. hponkanrazi sp. nov. C, D I. meukyawwa sp. nov. E, F I. qiuxing sp. nov. G, H I. taunggyi sp. nov. A, C, E, G ventral view B, D, F, H dorsal view. Abbreviations: a = apodemes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; csa = circular atrium; nsa = nipple-shaped atrium; oa = opening of the atrium; wt = winding tube. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475046" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C</figureCitation>
) (vs a large equilateral triangular shaped atrium;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" author="Tong, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 66" refId="B9" refString="Tong, Y, Koh, JKH, Tong, X, Li, S, 2016. Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore. ZooKeys 618: 39 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" title="Five new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Singapore." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9451" volume="618" year="2016">Tong et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2G, I).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tong &amp; Li" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Ischnothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischnothyreus meukyawwa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meukyawwa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ischnothyreus meukyawwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-G</emphasis>
prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I</emphasis>
left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-F</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Male (holotype).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A-C</figureCitation>
; body length 1.57.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carapace</emphasis>
: 0.89 long, 0.74 wide; pale brown, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate, fovea absent, lateral margin straight, smooth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clypeus</emphasis>
: height about 2/3 of ALE diameter (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3G</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eyes</emphasis>
: six, in one group, well developed, subequal, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval, posterior eye row recurved from above, procurved from front (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D, G</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sternum</emphasis>
: as long as wide, pale orange, uniform, not fused to carapace, surface smooth, setae sparse (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: chelicerae, endites and labium orange; chelicerae straight, base of fangs with crown-shaped sclerotized process with serrated exterior margin, fang groove with a few small denticles (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3H, I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Ischnothyreus spp., left male chelicerae. A, B I. meukyawwa sp. nov. C, D I. taunggyi sp. nov. E, F I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, C, E anterior view B, D, F posterior view. Abbreviations: csp = crown-shaped sclerotized process; sem = serrated exterior margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A, B</figureCitation>
); labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin not indented at middle; anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
: 0.84 long, 0.43 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, covering whole abdomen width and approximately 5/6 of the abdomen length, not fused to epigastric scutum; epigastric and postgastric scutum well sclerotized, pale orange, fused, postgastric scutum covering about 5/6 of the abdomen length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D-G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views H, I left chelicerae, anterior and posterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.2 mm (G); 0.1 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A-C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs</emphasis>
: pale orange, femur I with three prolateral and two small retrolateral spines, tibia I with four pairs, metatarsus I with two pairs of long ventral spines. Leg II spination is similar to leg I except femur with only two prolateral and one retrolateral spine. Legs III and IV spineless.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palp</emphasis>
: strongly sclerotized, trochanter with ventral projection, cymbium brown, fused with bulb; bulb brown, with one large and one very small ventral protuberance, distal end of bulb elongated, with one broad leaf-shaped prolateral projection and distal hook-shaped membrane, retrolateral lobe narrow (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM A, B, G prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views C, D palpal bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views E, F, H distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: hsm = hook-shaped membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475034" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Ischnothyreus spp., left male palp A-C I. meukyawwa sp. nov. D-F I. taunggyi sp. nov. G-I I. zhigangi sp. nov. A, D, G prolateral view B, E, H dorsal view C, F, I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475044" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475034" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tong &amp; Li" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Ischnothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischnothyreus meukyawwa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meukyawwa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ischnothyreus meukyawwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype, left palp, SEM
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, G</emphasis>
prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
palpal bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F, H</emphasis>
distal part of palpal bulb, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: hsm = hook-shaped membrane; lpp = leaf-shaped prolateral projection; rl = retrolateral lobe; vpr = ventral protuberance.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female (paratype, IZCAS AR-25160).</emphasis>
Same as male except as noted.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
: habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., female paratype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D prosoma, anterior view E epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation: ass = anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-C); 0.2 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475035" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A-C</figureCitation>
; body length 1.93.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carapace</emphasis>
: 0.89 long, 0.76 wide; without any pattern.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: chelicerae and endites unmodified.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
: 0.83 long, 0.75 wide; dorsal scutum covering 3/5 of the abdomen length, about 1/2 of the abdomen width.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Epigastric area</emphasis>
: the postgastric scutum with central anchor-shaped structure (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ischnothyreus meukyawwa sp. nov., female paratype A-C habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views D prosoma, anterior view E epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation: ass = anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-C); 0.2 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475035" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Endogyne</emphasis>
: from the middle of the slightly thickened margin of the postgastric scutum runs a dark, simple winding tube posteriorly, ending in a small bell-shaped atrium (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Ischnothyreus spp., female copulatory organ A, B I. hponkanrazi sp. nov. C, D I. meukyawwa sp. nov. E, F I. qiuxing sp. nov. G, H I. taunggyi sp. nov. A, C, E, G ventral view B, D, F, H dorsal view. Abbreviations: a = apodemes; ass = anchor-shaped structure; bsa = bell-shaped atrium; csa = circular atrium; nsa = nipple-shaped atrium; oa = opening of the atrium; wt = winding tube. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475046" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.57676.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475035" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tong &amp; Li" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Ischnothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischnothyreus meukyawwa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meukyawwa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ischnothyreus meukyawwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., female paratype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
prosoma, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviation:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ass</emphasis>
= anchor-shaped structure. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>