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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.653.10252" ID-PMC="PMC5345375" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-653-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE87C63852C5772725FBE55FF95902D" ID-PubMed="28331393" ID-Zenodo-Dep="269679" ID-ZooBank="8ECC0674017A48588BE8DDD05C0D7CF6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-653-1" checkinTime="1486523616090" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Fad, Hassan H., El-Torkey, Ashraf M., Elgharbawy, Ali A., Aldryhim, Yousif N., Kondratieff, Boris C., Ansi, Amin N. Al &amp; Aldhafer, Hathal M." docDate="2017" docId="C8392571CDB5D6FB39285545283C1C37" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 653: 1-78" docOrigin="ZooKeys 653" docPubDate="2017-02-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.653.10252" docTitle="Adesmia cancellata" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE87C63852C5772725FBE55FF95902D" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFE87C63852C5772725FBE55FF95902D" masterDocTitle="The beetle fauna (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Rawdhat Khorim National Park, Central Saudi Arabia" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668164043815" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The beetle fauna (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Rawdhat Khorim National Park, Central Saudi Arabia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-1740</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mseleem@ksu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fad, Hassan H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>El-Torkey, Ashraf M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Elgharbawy, Ali A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia &amp; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aldryhim, Yousif N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kondratieff, Boris C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1177, Fort Collins, Colorado, U. S. A. 80523</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ansi, Amin N. Al</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aldhafer, Hathal M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-02-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>653</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>78</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.653.10252</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.653.10252</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-653-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8ECC0674017A48588BE8DDD05C0D7CF6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE87C63852C5772725FBE55FF95902D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269679</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127888147" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8392571CDB5D6FB39285545283C1C37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8392571CDB5D6FB39285545283C1C37" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C8392571-CDB5-D6FB-3928-5545283C1C37" authority="(Klug, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleridae" genus="Adesmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adesmia cancellata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cancellata">Adesmia cancellata (Klug, 1830)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">World distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Asia</emphasis>
: AE, BH, EG (Sinai), IL, IR, IQ, JO, KW, OM, PK, SA, SY, YE. The distribution is updated from
<bibRefCitation author="Schawaller, W" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="B99" refString="Schawaller, W, 2010. Order Coleoptera, family Tenebrionidae (with exception of the subfamily Alleculinae). Arthropod fauna of the UAE 3: 253-278." title="Order Coleoptera, family Tenebrionidae (with exception of the subfamily Alleculinae). Arthropod fauna of the UAE 3: 253 - 278." year="2010">Schawaller (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">General distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SAR.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Local distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
AS, BA, EP, JZ, MD, MK, NJ, RI (
<bibRefCitation author="Kaszab, Z" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="B66" refString="Kaszab, Z, 1979. Insects of Saudi Arabia, Coleoptera: Fam. Tenebrionidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 1: 257-288." title="Insects of Saudi Arabia, Coleoptera: Fam. Tenebrionidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 1: 257 - 288." year="1979">Kaszab 1979</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Kaszab, Z" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="B67" refString="Kaszab, Z, 1981. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Tenebrionidae (Part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 3: 276-401." title="Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Tenebrionidae (Part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 3: 276 - 401." year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Kaszab, Z" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="B68" refString="Kaszab, Z, 1982. Insect of Saudi Arabia, Coleoptera: Fam. Tenebrionidae (Part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 4: 124-243." title="Insect of Saudi Arabia, Coleoptera: Fam. Tenebrionidae (Part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 4: 124 - 243." year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529" author="El-Hawagry, MS" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="B40" refString="El-Hawagry, MS, Khalil, MW, Sharaf, MR, Fadl, HH, Aldawood, AS, 2013. A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 274: 1-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529" title="A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 274: 1 - 88." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529" year="2013">El-Hawagry et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="collecting month and method">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Collecting month and method.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Very rare species. It was collected by PT under canopy of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia ehrenbergiana" order="Fabales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ehrenbergiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Acacia ehrenbergiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roem &amp; Schult" authorityYear="1819" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycium shawii" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="shawii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lycium shawii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in III and V.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="88AF153018C7301110FFC91FE37A3796">Taxonomic remarks on Andraca Walker, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C83987BAAE45FFCDFF13CCAEAD1E6E4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6171876" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119514628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6171876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C83987BAAE45FFCDFF13CCAEAD1E6E4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C83987BAAE45FFCDFF13CCAEAD1E6E4A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE45FFCFFF13CCAEAFBC6E6D" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE45FFCFFF13CCAEAD726E4D" blockId="1.[151,561,1525,1583]" box="[151,561,1525,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="1B6781C0AE45FFCFFF13CCAEAD726E4D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1525,1551]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE45FFCFFF13CCAEAD726E4D" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,561,1525,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE45FFCFFF13CCAEAD726E4D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1525,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE45FFCFFF13CCAEAEC56E4D" bold="true" box="[151,390,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE45FFCFFE09CCAEAD726E4D" author="Walker" box="[397,561,1525,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE45FFCFFF13CF4CAFBC6E6D" blockId="1.[151,561,1525,1583]" box="[151,255,1559,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Figs. 1–7</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE45FFCFFF13CF3BADCF6E93" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE45FFCFFF13CF3BACF76ED6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1632,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE45FFCFFF13CF3BAEAC6E34" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,495,1632,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE45FFCFFF13CF3BAE236E34" box="[151,352,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE45FFCFFEE2CF3BAEAC6E34" author="Walker" box="[358,495,1632,1654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, List of specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 32: 582. TL: [Darjeeling] “Hindostan”.
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE45FFCFFD84CF24AD2A6ED6" box="[512,617,1663,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: ď (ZMHU) [designated below].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE45FFCFFF13CFC5ADCF6E93" blockId="1.[151,1437,1632,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
=
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE45FFCFFF2ACFC6AD466EF1" authority="Kishida, 1993" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1993" box="[174,517,1693,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE45FFCFFF2ACFC6AE2B6EF1" box="[174,360,1693,1715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Andraca angulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE45FFCFFEF6CFC6AD466EF1" author="Kishida" box="[370,517,1693,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" refString="Kishida, Y. (1993) Bombycidae. In: Haruta T. (ed.). Moths of Nepal, Part 2. Tinea, 13 (suppl. 3), 143 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Kishida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE45FFCFFD96CFC5AD306EF1" box="[530,627,1694,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Moths of
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE45FFCFFD63CFC6AC606EF1" box="[743,803,1693,1715]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Nepal</collectingCountry>
2: 144, fig. 308, pl. 57, figs 113, 14. Locus typicus:
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE45FFCFFADDCFC6AADB6EF1" box="[1369,1432,1693,1715]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, Godavari.
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE45FFCFFEB6CFE0AED76E93" box="[306,404,1723,1745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ď (NSMT) [examined].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE45FFCDFF13CFA5AD1E6E4A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE45FFCCFF13CFA5ADDA6926" blockId="1.[151,1436,1790,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
Description. Wingspan males
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, females
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, forewing length—
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males and
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females. The species is diagnosed externally as well by dark chestnut colouration and distinctly angled hind wings with outer margin festooned; the apex of the fore wing is falcate, especially in females.
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE45FFCFFBEFCE1DABE06F1C" box="[1131,1187,1862,1886]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Hind</collectingCountry>
wings in females also angled or at least festooned. Male genitalia (Figs. 23–26): uncus oar-shaped, with semicircular apical cut. Branches of gnathos infused, distinct, long, slender, almost parallel-sided, strongly bent at a middle. Valva narrow basally, with costal margin unsclerotized; costa bears near the apex a short pyramidal process situated almost on the same vertical line with papilla-like short harpe. Apex of valva tapered sclerotized and flattened without additional processes. Both valvae are slightly asymmetrical, with different development of equipment and saccular fold. Aedeagus with three groups of long, curved, spine-like cornuti often situated in one row; dorsal surface of the aedeagus covered with hair-like setae adjoining with a row of cornuti; vesica long. These characters are somewhat variable in different populations. In the Nepalese population, the caudal incision is small; in
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFB2BC85FABA1695E" box="[1199,1250,260,284]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Thai</collectingCountry>
moths the lobes of uncus are rounded, and in Chinese specimens the uncus is rather parallel-sided. Hence, these differences appear to be clinal and are not considered diagnostic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE46FFCCFF13CCABAAC66FB3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1520,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFF13CCABAE4B6E47" bold="true" box="[151,264,1520,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
Adults. 1.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFE0CCCABADB26E44" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[392,753,1520,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFE0CCCABAD146E44" box="[392,599,1520,1542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFDE7CCABADB26E44" author="Walker" box="[611,753,1520,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE46FFCCFCA0CCAAACCF6E44" box="[804,908,1521,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, Darjeeling, coll. Atkinson (ZMHU). 2.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFAC1CCABAED66E67" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFAC1CCABAE406E67" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFE8FCF54AED66E67" author="Walker" box="[267,405,1551,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE46FFCCFE3BCF54AD5E6E67" box="[447,541,1551,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFDC6CF54ACD76E66" authority="Kishida, 1993" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1993" box="[578,916,1551,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFDC6CF54ADB86E67" box="[578,763,1551,1573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca angulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFC86CF54ACD76E66" author="Kishida" box="[770,916,1551,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Kishida, Y. (1993) Bombycidae. In: Haruta T. (ed.). Moths of Nepal, Part 2. Tinea, 13 (suppl. 3), 143 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Kishida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFC24CF54AC9C6E67" box="[928,991,1551,1573]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, Kathmandu, Godavari,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFB5ECF54AA726E67" box="[1242,1329,1551,1573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1600.0">1.600 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFAB9CF4BAADF6E66" box="[1341,1436,1551,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1991-05-07">7.V 1991</date>
(NSMT). 3.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFE97CF75AD296E01" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[275,618,1581,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFE97CF75AE9F6E06" box="[275,476,1582,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFE66CF76AD296E01" author="Walker" box="[482,618,1581,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFD15CF76ADAD6E01" box="[657,750,1581,1603]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Changwat Nan,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFC1ECF76AC8F6E01" box="[922,972,1581,1603]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N of Bo Luang,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFBF1CF75AB876E01" box="[1141,1220,1582,1603]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFB49CF75AA106E01" box="[1229,1363,1582,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1999-08-18">18.VIII 1999</date>
, leg. T. Csovary &amp; L. Mikus (MWM). 4.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFE63CF17AC7D6E20" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[487,830,1612,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFE63CF17ADF36E20" box="[487,688,1612,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFD32CF17AC7D6E20" author="Walker" box="[694,830,1612,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFCE1CF17ACE76E20" box="[869,932,1612,1634]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
, Yunnan, Dabingshan, Yunxian,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFB69CF16AA026E20" box="[1261,1345,1613,1634]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1800.0">1.800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFACFCF16AADB6E20" box="[1355,1432,1613,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="2000-05">V 2000</date>
, leg. native collector (MWM). 5.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFE68CF30AC0F6EC2" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[492,844,1642,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFE68CF30ADFA6EC3" box="[492,697,1643,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFD45CF31AC0F6EC2" author="Walker" box="[705,844,1642,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Ψ,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE46FFCCFCFDCF37AC916EC3" box="[889,978,1644,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFC7CCF30AA0E6EC2" authority="Kishida, 1993" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1993" box="[1016,1357,1642,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFC7CCF30ABF26EC3" box="[1016,1201,1643,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca angulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFB3ECF31AA0E6EC2" author="Kishida" box="[1210,1357,1642,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Kishida, Y. (1993) Bombycidae. In: Haruta T. (ed.). Moths of Nepal, Part 2. Tinea, 13 (suppl. 3), 143 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Kishida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFADDCF31AADB6EC2" box="[1369,1432,1642,1664]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, Kathmandu, Mt. Phulchouki,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFE4FCFD2AD616EDD" box="[459,546,1673,1695]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.275" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2275.0">2.275 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFDAACFD1ADD56EDD" box="[558,662,1674,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1991-08">VIII 1991</date>
(NSMT). 6.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFC9BCFD2AB3C6EDD" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[799,1151,1673,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFC9BCFD2ACA86EDD" box="[799,1003,1673,1695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFC70CFD2AB3C6EDD" author="Walker" box="[1012,1151,1673,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Ψ,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFB2FCFD2ABA96EDD" box="[1195,1258,1673,1695]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, Taplejung Area, Tambowa,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFE8ECFF3AE1F6EFC" box="[266,348,1704,1726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.125" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2125.0">2125 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFEEECFF2AE996EFC" box="[362,474,1705,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1994-10-12">12.X 1994</date>
, leg. M. Hreblay &amp; T. Csovary (MWM). 7.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFC2ECFF3AA4E6EFC" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[938,1293,1704,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFC2ECFF3AB346EFC" box="[938,1143,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFB05CFF3AA4E6EFC" author="Walker" box="[1153,1293,1704,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Ψ,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFABFCFF3AADB6EFC" box="[1339,1432,1704,1726]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Changwat Chiang Mai,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFE0DCF9CAE8B6E9F" box="[393,456,1735,1757]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
NW of Sop Kha,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFD04CF9CADF16E9F" box="[640,690,1735,1757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
S of Kop Dong,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFCE4CF9CACEC6E9F" box="[864,943,1735,1757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFC3DCF9CAB6C6E9E" box="[953,1071,1735,1756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1999-09-13">13.IX 1999</date>
, leg. A. Szabo &amp; Z. Czere (MWM). 8.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFF35CFBDAD546EB9" authority="Moore, 1865" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1865" box="[177,535,1765,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFF35CFBDAECA6EBE" box="[177,393,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca trilochoides</emphasis>
Moore, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, ď
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE46FFCCFDBFCFBEADDF6EB9" box="[571,668,1765,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, Darjiling (BMNH). 9.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFC0BCFBDAA3A6EB9" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[911,1401,1765,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trilochoides" subSpecies="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFC0BCFBDABA46EBE" box="[911,1255,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca trilochoides trilochoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFB6BCFBEAA3A6EB9" author="Walker" box="[1263,1401,1765,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď, East-Nepal, Surke Danda,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFE22CE5EAE9A6F58" box="[422,473,1796,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
W of Kesawa,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFDFDCE5EAD8B6F58" box="[633,712,1797,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFD57CE5FAC2C6F58" box="[723,879,1796,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1998-06-16" valueMax="1998-06-17" valueMin="1998-06-16">16–17.VI 1998</date>
, leg. M. Hreblay &amp; B. Benedek (MWM). 10.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFAC1CE5FAE996F7A" authority="Bryk, 1944" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trilochoides" subSpecies="roepkei">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFAC1CE5FAE226F7B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca trilochoides roepkei</emphasis>
Bryk, 1944
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFD85CE79AD1D6F7A" box="[513,606,1826,1848]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Mt. Doi Phahompok,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFCC6CE78ACC26F7A" box="[834,897,1826,1848]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
NW of Fang,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFB96CE78AB236F7B" box="[1042,1120,1827,1849]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFBEECE78AB946F7A" box="[1130,1239,1827,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="2000-10-14">14.X 2000</date>
, leg. local collector (MWM). 11.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFEA4CE1AAC496F15" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[288,778,1857,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trilochoides" subSpecies="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFEA4CE1AAD3B6F15" box="[288,632,1857,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca trilochoides trilochoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFD04CE1AAC496F15" author="Walker" box="[640,778,1857,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Ψ, East-Nepal, Surke Danda,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFBC1CE19AB3A6F15" box="[1093,1145,1857,1879]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
W of Kesawa,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFA9ECE19AA296F15" box="[1306,1386,1858,1879]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFAF2CE1AAE4D6F34" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1998-06-16" valueMax="1998-06-17" valueMin="1998-06-16">16– 17.VI 1998</date>
, leg. M. Hreblay &amp; B. Benedek (MWM). 12.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFD6DCE3BABD36F34" authority="Bryk, 1944" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" box="[745,1168,1888,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trilochoides" subSpecies="roepkei">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFD6DCE3BAB506F34" box="[745,1043,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca trilochoides roepkei</emphasis>
Bryk, 1944
</taxonomicName>
, Ψ,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFB3ECE3BAA546F34" box="[1210,1303,1888,1910]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Chiang Mai Prov., Doi Inthanon nat. Park, km 37,3 road (N of) Chong Thong near/around checkpoint
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFBB1CE24ABE36FD7" box="[1077,1184,1919,1941]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.173" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2.173">2, 1730 m</quantity>
, lower mont. forest,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFAF2CE24AE4F6FF1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1998-11-28" valueMax="1998-11-31" valueMin="1998-11-28">28– 31.XI 1998</date>
, leg. R. Brechlin (MWM). 13.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFDC0CEC5ACCA6FF1" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[580,905,1949,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysocollis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFDC0CEC5AC5F6FF6" box="[580,796,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca chrysocollis</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE46FFCCFC17CEC5ACA06FF1" box="[915,995,1950,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE46FFCCFB8ECEC6AB286FF1" box="[1034,1131,1949,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFBF1CEC6ABA96FF1" box="[1141,1258,1949,1971]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Northern Luzon, Ifugao, Banaue vic.,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFEEDCEE6AEEA6F90" box="[361,425,1980,2002]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
N Lagawe, Sekundärwald/Reisfelder,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE46FFCCFCB4CEE7ACCA6F90" box="[816,905,1980,2002]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="16.9">16°54’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE46FFCCFC17CEE7ACB46F90" box="[915,1015,1980,2002]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="121.1">121°06’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="342E106CAE46FFCCFB85CEE7ABF66F90" box="[1025,1205,1980,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1988-09-22" valueMax="1988-10-16" valueMin="1988-09-22">22.IX–16.X 1988</date>
,
<quantity id="87689B49AE46FFCCFB44CEE6AA4D6F90" box="[1216,1294,1981,2002]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
, leg. Cerny &amp; Schintlmeister (MWM). 14.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE46FFCCFE3CCE80AC526FB2" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[440,785,2010,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE46FFCCFE3CCE80ADC26FB3" box="[440,641,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE46FFCCFD0CCE81AC526FB2" author="Walker" box="[648,785,2010,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, mature caterpillar,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE46FFCCFC5ECE87AB7D6FB3" box="[986,1086,2012,2033]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 2002 (photo: Stefan Naumann).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCDFF4DC9CCAEF16A55" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
Diagnosis. Readily determined in most localities because of the strongly acute hind wings; females are characterised by festooned hind wings. From externally similar
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFCF6C9E7AA566896" authority="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009" authorityName="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt" authorityYear="2009" box="[882,1301,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stueningi">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFCF6C9E7ACB96896" box="[882,1018,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. stueningi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE47FFCDFB87C9E7AA566896" author="Zolotuhin" box="[1027,1301,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refString="Zolotuhin, V. V. &amp; Witt, Th. J. (2009) The Bombycidae of Vietnam (Lepidoptera). Entomofauna, Suppl. 16 (2), 231 - 272." type="journal article" year="2009">Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, it could be separated by genitalic structures (males) or by smooth external margin of the fore wing in females (distinctly acute in
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFF3CC85EAE5D695E" box="[184,286,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stueningi">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFF3CC85EAE5D695E" box="[184,286,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">stueningi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In spite of small genitalic differences of populations, no real characters distinguished them into separate subspecies were found. Therefore they all are considered within one species; quite possible, they will be separated later in a subspecies based on molecular investigations. Permanently confused with this species another congener, the
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFEBEC82BADC769C5" authority="Moore, 1865" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1865" box="[314,644,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFEBEC82BAEA069CA" box="[314,483,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. trilochoides</emphasis>
Moore, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, is generally much darker, of dark chestnut colour, with hind wings widely rounded, with smooth margin, without any tooth or festoon as well as outer margin of the fore wing is also smooth; also in females. In male genitalia, valvae of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFD77C8E3AC3A6992" box="[755,889,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFD77C8E3AC3A6992" box="[755,889,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">trilochoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather symmetrical, uncus with smaller incision up to without any, and aedeagus with cornuti rarely situated in a row. For comparison, the species is also illustrated here (Figs. 8–12, 27, 28).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCDFF4DCB7FADAB6A8E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
Bionomics. A montane species. In
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFDECCB7FADE86A7E" box="[616,683,548,572]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">China</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFD6ECB7FAC0E6A7E" box="[746,845,548,572]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Thailand</collectingCountry>
it seems to be a winter flier from late August to February, at altitudes from
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFE56CB1CAD326A1D" box="[466,625,583,607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1650.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–2300 m</quantity>
, but in
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFD49CB1CAC536A1D" box="[717,784,583,607]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFCCFCB1CACC76A1D" box="[843,900,583,607]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
there are two generations in June–July and in October-December, at altitudes from
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFDB8CB37AD8E6AC6" box="[572,717,620,644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2600.0" valueMin="800.0">800–2600 m</quantity>
. The immature stages seem to be misidentified with those of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFA00CB37AE916AE5" authority="Moore. Mature" authorityName="Moore. Mature" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFA00CB37AE5E6AEA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. trilochoides</emphasis>
Moore. Mature
</taxonomicName>
larvae of the species were collected in
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFC1BCBCBAB4F6AEA" box="[927,1036,656,680]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
in 2002 by Stefan Naumann (host plant?
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFF66CBEFAE026A8E" box="[226,321,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Camelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFF66CBEFAE026A8E" box="[226,321,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Camelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and one is illustrated here (Fig. 14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCDFF4DCB8CADFE6B75" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
Distribution. Northern
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFE4DCB8CAD406AAD" box="[457,515,727,751]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
(Sikkim, Darjeeling, Meghalaya),
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFC0DCB8CAC8C6AAD" box="[905,975,727,751]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFC5DCB8CAB6E6AAD" box="[985,1069,727,751]" name="Bhutan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
, northern
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFB19CB8CAA436AAD" box="[1181,1280,727,751]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Chiang Mai, Nan), southern
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFEC1CBA7AECB6B56" box="[325,392,764,788]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">China</collectingCountry>
(south of Yunnan),
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFDEDCBA6AD956B57" box="[617,726,765,789]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFD61CBA7AC5E6B56" box="[741,797,764,788]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Chin</collectingCountry>
State). Not known from
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFBB3CBA7ABDA6B56" box="[1079,1177,764,788]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, where it appears to be replaced by
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFEA4CA7BADFA6B75" authority="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009" authorityName="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt" authorityYear="2009" box="[288,697,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stueningi">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFEA4CA7BAEE56B7A" box="[288,422,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. stueningi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE47FFCDFE28CA44ADFA6B75" author="Zolotuhin" box="[428,697,799,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refString="Zolotuhin, V. V. &amp; Witt, Th. J. (2009) The Bombycidae of Vietnam (Lepidoptera). Entomofauna, Suppl. 16 (2), 231 - 272." type="journal article" year="2009">Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCDFF4DCA1FAD1E6E4A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
Comments. Designation of a
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFD98CA1FADC06B1E" box="[540,643,836,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for this taxon is necessary to promote taxonomic stability. Walker’s (1865: 582) original description states: “Hindostan. In Mr. Atkinson’s Collection,” and there is no lettered prefix to the
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFF44CAD6AFB36BE7" box="[192,240,909,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
locality as is frequent for Walker
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFDE9CAD6ADEB6BE7" box="[621,680,909,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">types</typeStatus>
(Martin Honey, pers. comm.
<date id="342E106CAE47FFCDFC77CAD7ABCA6BE6" box="[1011,1161,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" value="2007-09-26">26 Sep. 2007</date>
), suggesting a synytypic series. Four male specimens from Atkinson’s collection collected from Darjeeling are in the MHUB, and although none bear original Walker labels these are treated here as available
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFC0BCA8EACB76BAF" box="[911,1012,981,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, with one of the two males having an intact abdomen hereby designated
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFDACCAACAD8B6C4D" box="[552,712,1015,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
for
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFD79CAA3AC376C52" box="[765,884,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFD79CAA3AC376C52" box="[765,884,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFC38CAACAB616C4D" box="[956,1058,1015,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
bears the following labels: light brownish rectangle with printed “Darjeeling;” white rectangle with black frame printed “coll. Atkinson;” yellowish rectangle with printed text “Zool. Mus. / Berlin;” and white rectangular handwritten in blue pen “
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFAA2CD64AAC46C15" box="[1318,1415,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Andraca</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFF13CD3FAE106C3E" authority="Wlk." authorityName="Wlk." box="[151,339,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">bipunctata Wlk.</taxonomicName>
;’ red printed label (framed with black) “
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFC98CD3FACFC6C3E" box="[796,959,1124,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFC4ACD3FABFC6C3E" box="[974,1215,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFC4ACD3FAB6D6C3E" box="[974,1070,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Andraca</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFBC3CD3FABFC6C3E" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[1095,1215,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">bipunctata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE47FFCDFB4CCD3FAA2A6C3E" author="Walker" box="[1224,1385,1124,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker / 1865</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFAF6CD3EAD6D6CE2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">List Spec. Lepid. Insects / Colln. Br. Mus</emphasis>
. 32: 582. / V. Zolotuhin des.” The other males are supplied with
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFA81CDDCAADF6CDD" box="[1285,1436,1159,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
labels, and since two females from the same location were not enumerated by Walker and therefore were not considered as
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFEBCCD8AAED96CAB" box="[312,410,1233,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(specimens in the
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFDF6CD8AADE16CAB" box="[626,674,1233,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
series are smaller than other topotypical specimens, and may have been reared). Kishida’s
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFE27CDAFAD2C6D4E" box="[419,623,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFE27CDAFAD2C6D4E" box="[419,623,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Andraca angulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fully corresponds to
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFCE4CDAFACBB6D4E" box="[864,1016,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFCE4CDAFACBB6D4E" box="[864,1016,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both externally and genitalically and therefore falls into synonymy. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE47FFCDFDEBCC42AC0B6D6D" box="[623,840,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refString="Wang, X., Zeng, L. &amp; Wang, M. (2011) The genus Andraca (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions [sic] of a new species. ZooKeys, 127, 29 - 42. DOI: 10.3897 / zookeys. 127.928." type="journal article">Wang et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
stated “On the
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFB80CC43AB266D72" box="[1028,1125,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFB80CC43AB266D72" box="[1028,1125,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Andraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species,
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE47FFCDFB56CC4CAFA26D16" author="Zolotuhin" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refString="Zolotuhin, V. V. &amp; Witt, Th. J. (2009) The Bombycidae of Vietnam (Lepidoptera). Entomofauna, Suppl. 16 (2), 231 - 272." type="journal article" year="2009">Zolotuhin &amp; Witt (2009)</bibRefCitation>
considered “
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFEFFCC67AD576D16" box="[379,532,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFEFFCC67AD576D16" box="[379,532,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” reported by previous entomologists as
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFC6DCC67ABD26D16" box="[1001,1169,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFC6DCC67ABD26D16" box="[1001,1169,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. trilochoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without explanation in detail. Here, we retain the scientific name
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFDF6CC3BAC496D3A" box="[626,778,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFDF6CC3BAC496D3A" box="[626,778,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the moth which is a serious pest of tea trees, and …. all the specimens from Yunnan Province in this study belong to the real species
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFB99CCDFABF46DDE" box="[1053,1207,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFB99CCDFABF46DDE" box="[1053,1207,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.” The male figured therein was true
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFEDFCCF3AEA26D82" box="[347,481,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFEDFCCF3AEA26D82" box="[347,481,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">trilochoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 1A), and so it will be important to determine whether pest status should be applied to
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFE9ECC97AEE36DA6" box="[282,416,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFE9ECC97AEE36DA6" box="[282,416,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">trilochoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFE31CC97AD6E6DA6" box="[437,557,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFE31CC97AD6E6DA6" box="[437,557,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or both species. Note that both
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can now be considered as reliably listed from
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Subgenus
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<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE45FFCFFF13CD5DAE4A6C5F" box="[151,265,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. The subgenus includes most known species of middle size with short, relatively broad and strongly falcate fore wings. Both wings are usually of dark reddish-brown with violet-brown coloration depending of species with darker pattern and sometimes with silver shadows near by apex; external field usually very dark. Wing pattern well developed, consists of two more or less parallel medias, the postmedia of the forewings angles back to the costa near by apex; in dark specimens the pattern can be hardly visible.
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wings mostly angled or dentate, in 2 species broadly rounded. In male genitalia uncus is long, strongly flattened, with basal narrowing and apical cut. Gnathos is presented as two long and narrow hooks, sometimes dentate; valvae flattened, with more or less distinct costal appendix in the middle zone of the valva; often some kind of harpa also develops; aedeagus short, tubular with numerous needle-shaped cornuti grouped in few rows; sternum 8 without characteristic notches or protuberances on caudal edge. Five species are included, two of them are described here as new. Range of the subgenus is limited to the Himalayas (
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), southern
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,
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,
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,
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, Palawan and Java.
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<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE45FFCFFF13CBE9AC9A6A85" box="[151,985,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">List of specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum</emphasis>
32: 581. Type-species:
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,
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32: 582, by monotypy.
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The genus
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<treatment id="C83987BAAE47FFC9FF13CF07AC926FA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6171878" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119514626" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6171878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C83987BAAE47FFC9FF13CF07AC926FA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C83987BAAE47FFC9FF13CF07AC926FA8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE47FFCDFF13CF07AE586ED4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCDFF13CF07AD796E37" blockId="3.[151,570,1627,1686]" box="[151,570,1627,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="1B6781C0AE47FFCDFF13CF07AD796E37" bold="true" box="[151,570,1627,1654]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFF13CF07AD796E37" bold="true" box="[151,570,1627,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE47FFCDFF13CF07AE936E37" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[151,464,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draco" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE47FFCDFF13CF07AE096E34" bold="true" box="[151,330,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Andraca draco</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE47FFCDFE58CF00AD796E37" box="[476,570,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCDFF13CF25AE586ED4" blockId="3.[151,570,1627,1686]" box="[151,283,1662,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Figs. 15, 16</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE47FFC9FF13CF9CAC926FA8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCDFF13CF9CADD26F7B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1734,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFF13CF9CAF8B6E9E" box="[151,200,1735,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFEB1CF9DAED46E9E" box="[309,407,1734,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFE41CF9DAD696E9E" box="[453,554,1734,1756]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Java, Mt. Pangrange,
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFC9FCF9DAC2E6E9E" box="[795,877,1734,1756]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1625.0">1625 m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFCFECF9CACFE6E9E" box="[890,957,1734,1756]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
SE Bogor,
<date id="342E106CAE47FFCDFBB8CF9DAB936E9E" box="[1084,1232,1734,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" value="1996-02-16" valueMax="1996-02-20" valueMin="1996-02-16">16–20.II 1996</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE47FFCDFB5ACF9DAA646E9E" box="[1246,1319,1734,1756]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-6.5">6°30’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE47FFCDFAB0CF9CAAD46E9E" box="[1332,1431,1735,1756]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="107.166664">107°10’E</geoCoordinate>
, Primärurwald, leg. Siniaev &amp; Afonin (MWM).
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE47FFCDFD2DCFBDAC536EB9" box="[681,784,1766,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: Ψ, Java occ., Gede, 6’47’S, 107°E, Pangrango Nat. Park.,
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFAEDCFBEAF9E6F58" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE47FFCDFF6DCE58AE2E6F5B" box="[233,365,1795,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" value="1996-04" valueMax="1996-07-31" valueMin="1996-04-00">IV–VII.1996</date>
(MWM); 95 ďď from different localities of Java (MWM); ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE47FFCDFC7CCE58AB1E6F5B" box="[1016,1117,1795,1817]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, W. Java,
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFB4DCE5FAA636F58" box="[1225,1312,1796,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1000.0">1.000 m</quantity>
, E. Gunung Gede,
<date id="342E106CAE47FFCDFE8DCE78AE3E6F7A" box="[265,381,1827,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" value="2000-03-22">22.III 2000</date>
, leg. S. Naumann (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE47FFCDFDBACE78ADC56F7B" box="[574,646,1827,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">SMFL</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE47FFCAFF13CE3EAEBC6896" blockId="3.[151,1436,1892,2026]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
Description. Expanse ɗɗ
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFE46CE3EAD7C6F3F" box="[450,575,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="44.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="44.0">44–45 mm</quantity>
, Ψ
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFDEFCE3EADFC6F3F" box="[619,703,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
, forewing length—
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFC1BCE3EAB406F3F" box="[927,1027,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.715" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="22.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="22.0">22–23 in</quantity>
ɗɗ and
<quantity id="87689B49AE47FFCDFBEACE3EABE96F3F" box="[1134,1194,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
the single Ψ known. Forewings in ɗɗ with sharpened apex and slightly festooned outer edge; hind wings distinctly shortly angled with dentate outer margin. Ground colour very dark brown, with brown wavy and concave transversal fasciae. Because of the distinct whitish to bluish suffusion they are very prominent, especially in apical field. Discal spot very small, point-like, suffused with light scales. The hind wing lighter, with dark yellowish-brown costal zone and indistinct yellowish shadows in anal field.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE40FFCAFF13CA70AB506C37" blockId="4.[151,1437,811,1141]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFF13CA70AE476B02" bold="true" box="[151,260,811,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE40FFCAFF13CA70AFA96B02" box="[151,234,811,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">PLATE</collectionCode>
2.
</emphasis>
Adults. 15.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFE02CA70ADD36B03" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[390,656,811,833]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draco" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFE02CA70AD626B03" box="[390,545,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca draco</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFD1FCA77ADAD6B03" box="[667,750,812,833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFC9DCA70AC396B03" box="[793,890,811,833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE40FFCAFC02CA70ACA86B03" box="[902,1003,811,833]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Java, Mt. Pangrange,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFB53CA70AA6B6B03" box="[1239,1320,811,833]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1625.0">1625 m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFAB1CA77AA356B03" box="[1333,1398,811,833]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
SE Bogor,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFF60CA11AE3A6B22" box="[228,377,842,864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="1996-02-16" valueMax="1996-02-20" valueMin="1996-02-16">16–20.II 1996</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE40FFCAFE02CA11AE8C6B22" box="[390,463,842,864]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="-6.5">6°30’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE40FFCAFE59CA10AD036B22" box="[477,576,843,864]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="107.166664">107°10’E</geoCoordinate>
, Primärurwald, leg. Siniaev &amp; Afonin (MWM). 16.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFBE3CA11AA316B22" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[1127,1394,842,864]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draco" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFBE3CA11AA416B22" box="[1127,1282,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca draco</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFAFBCA10AF876B3D" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Ψ,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFF72CA31AE126B3D" box="[246,337,874,895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
, Java occ., Gede, 6’47’S, 107°E, Pangrango Nat. Park.,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFC3ECA32AB4D6B3D" box="[954,1038,873,895]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFB99CA31ABE56B3D" box="[1053,1190,873,895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="1996-04" valueMax="1996-07-31" valueMin="1996-04-00">IV–VII 1996</date>
(MWM). 17.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFAC1CA32AE2F6BDF" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradisea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFAC1CA32AFBF6BDF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca paradisea</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFEFCCAD3AE886BDF" box="[376,459,904,925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFE7CCADCAD1A6BDF" box="[504,601,903,925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE40FFCAFDE2CADCAD986BDF" box="[614,731,903,925]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Dalongdong, Talakag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFAA2CAD3AA2B6BDF" box="[1318,1384,903,925]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
NW Maramag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFE80CAFCAE116BFE" box="[260,338,935,956]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFED8CAFCAEAB6BFE" box="[348,488,935,956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="1999-09-09" valueMax="1999-09-17" valueMin="1999-09-09">9–17.IX 1999</date>
(MWM). 18.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFDF1CAFDACE16BFE" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[629,930,934,956]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradisea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFDF1CAFDAC746BFE" box="[629,823,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca paradisea</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFC28CAFCACBF6BFE" box="[940,1020,935,956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Ψ,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFBA7CAFCAB3D6BFE" box="[1059,1150,935,956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE40FFCAFB03CAFDABBF6BFE" box="[1159,1276,934,956]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, SE-route via Kapatagan,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFE53CA9EAD086B98" box="[471,587,964,986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="1996-07-08">
8.VII
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFD92CA9FAD086B98" box="[534,587,964,986]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9962229999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1996.223">1996</quantity>
</date>
, 2230 m, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin (MWM). 19.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFB9DCA9EAA5A6B98" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[1049,1305,964,987]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFB9DCA9EABE96B99" box="[1049,1194,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca lawa</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFAA1CA9EAA3A6B98" box="[1317,1401,965,986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFF13CAB8AFBB6BBB" box="[151,248,995,1017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, Palawan, Mt. Mantalingajan,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFDB7CAB8ADEA6BBB" box="[563,681,995,1017]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="600.0">600–800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFD31CABFAC0D6BBB" box="[693,846,996,1017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="2000-07-02" valueMax="2000-07-12" valueMin="2000-07-02">2–12.VII 2000</date>
, leg. D. Mohagan (MWM). 20.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFB1ECAB8AADB6BBB" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[1178,1432,995,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFB1ECAB8AA696BBB" box="[1178,1322,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca lawa</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFF13CD58AFAB6C5A" box="[151,232,1027,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Ψ,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFE94CD58AE286C5A" box="[272,363,1027,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
, Palawan, Mt. Magcasaw, Mainit, Brook’s point,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFCE6CD59AC946C5A" box="[866,983,1026,1048]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="600.0">600–900 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFC66CD59AB1F6C5A" box="[994,1116,1026,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="1996-10-03" valueMax="1996-10-06" valueMin="1996-10-03">3–6.X 1996</date>
, leg. Bal (MWM). 21.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFAC1CD59AE2F6C75" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFAC1CD59AE426C75" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca nobilorum</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFEF2CD79AE846C75" box="[374,455,1058,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFE69CD7AAD0D6C75" box="[493,590,1057,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, Central
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE40FFCAFD23CD7AAC436C75" box="[679,768,1057,1079]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Prov. Kon Tum, Distr. Kom Plong, Mang Canh,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFB74CD7AAA7D6C75" box="[1264,1342,1057,1079]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFACCCD7AAF8F6C17" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="2006-06-01" valueMax="2006-06-10" valueMin="2006-06-01">1–10.VI 2006</date>
, leg. V. Zolotuhin (MWM). 22.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFD8BCD64AC006C17" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[527,835,1087,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFD8BCD64AD956C17" box="[527,726,1087,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca nobilorum</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE40FFCAFCC8CD1BACDE6C17" box="[844,925,1088,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE40FFCAFC40CD64AB406C17" box="[964,1027,1087,1109]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">China</collectingCountry>
, Guangxi, Dayao Shan, Jingxiu,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFACBCD1BAADE6C17" box="[1359,1437,1087,1109]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
SE of Liuzhou,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE40FFCAFEB3CD05AED36C36" box="[311,400,1118,1140]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="23.75">23°45’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE40FFCAFE1FCD05AEBC6C36" box="[411,511,1118,1140]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="109.75">109°45’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFD8DCD04AD1B6C36" box="[521,600,1119,1140]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE40FFCAFDE6CD04ADFB6C36" box="[610,696,1118,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="2005-04">IV 2005</date>
, leg. Siniaev &amp; his team (MWM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE40FFCAFF4DCDC7AD766E59" blockId="4.[151,1436,1179,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
Ψ with sickle-shaped apex, smooth and round outer margin of the wing acutely angled in M-zone; the rest of the wing edge of the fore wing is smooth and rounded; the hind wings somewhat triangular, with short angle in Mzone, the outer margin is slightly festooned. Ground color red-brown, external and antemedial lines well developed, the postmedia is reduced to indistinct shadow. Bluish suffusion is very typical, black discal dot small but prominent.
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE40FFCAFEC1CC70AE3E6D01" box="[325,381,1323,1347]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hind</collectingCountry>
wings lighter, with lunated brownish pattern in anal field by postmedia. Male genitalia (Figs 29, 30). Uncus is oar-shaped, with semicircular apical cut and with distinct basal narrowing. Branches of gnathos infused, distinct, long, slender, almost parallel-sided, strongly bent at a middle and swollen there. Valva narrowed and tapered apically; costa bears near the apex a short pyramidal process situated almost on the same vertical line with small papilla-like harpe. Both valvae are symmetrical. Aedeagus short, strongly curved at a middle under right angle, with broadened funnel-shaped caudal end, with short bag-shaped vesica bearing irregular curved spine-like cornuti situated in an inaccurate row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE40FFCAFF4DCF7CAB7A6EC5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1179,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
Diagnosis. A characteristic species with dark ground colour and contrasting pattern. No similar species is known. The genitalic structures of the new species are also different from other
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFB8ACF17AB2C6E26" box="[1038,1135,1612,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFB8ACF17AB2C6E26" box="[1038,1135,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Andraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with shape of valva, uncus and aedeagus being characteristic. The only species of the genus known from Java.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE40FFCAFF4DCFC8ACBC6E8D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1179,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
Bionomics. Flight period falling on February-July, develops probably few generations per year. Inhabits altitudes from
<quantity id="87689B49AE40FFCAFEBECFECAEBF6E8D" box="[314,508,1719,1743]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3125" metricValueMax="1.625" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1312.5" valueMax="1625.0" valueMin="1000.0">1.000 to 1.625 m</quantity>
. Preimaginal stages and host plants unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE40FFCAFF4DCF80AD5C6EB1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1179,1852]" box="[201,543,1755,1779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Distribution. Endemic to Java.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE40FFCAFF4DCFA4AB066F79" blockId="4.[151,1436,1179,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
Comments. In some collections I have seen this species attributed to
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFC5DCFA4AB7B6F55" box="[985,1080,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">jaspidea</emphasis>
Warren (TL: Java); I could not find the
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE40FFCAFF70CE7FAE676F7E" box="[244,292,1828,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
of the species but
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFE71CE7FAD176F7E" box="[501,596,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">jaspidea</emphasis>
was established as
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFCB4CE7FAC336F79" box="[816,880,1828,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Drepanidae" genus="Oreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE40FFCAFCB4CE7FAC336F79" box="[816,880,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Oreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE40FFCAFC38CE78AB036F79" box="[956,1088,1827,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Drepanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Drepanidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE41FFCBFF13CE3BACD46F91" blockId="5.[151,1437,1888,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE41FFCBFF13CE3BAE446F37" bold="true" box="[151,263,1888,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE41FFCBFF13CE3BAFA96F37" box="[151,234,1888,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">PLATE</collectionCode>
3.
</emphasis>
Male genitalia. 23.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE41FFCBFE61CE3BAC0F6F34" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[485,844,1888,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE41FFCBFE61CE3BADF06F34" box="[485,691,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE41FFCBFD3ACE3BAC0F6F34" author="Walker" box="[702,844,1888,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE41FFCBFCF9CE3AACA66F34" box="[893,997,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, Darjeeling, coll. Atkinson (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE41FFCBFA92CE3AAA246F35" box="[1302,1383,1889,1911]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/99a5-d0z2" name="Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitaet" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">ZMHU</collectionCode>
). 24.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE41FFCBFF13CE24AEB56FD7" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,502,1919,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE41FFCBFF13CE24AE216FD7" box="[151,354,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE41FFCBFEEFCE24AEB56FD7" author="Walker" box="[363,502,1919,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE41FFCBFDA7CE24ADC26FD7" box="[547,641,1919,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE41FFCBFD23CE24ACB86FD6" authority="Kishida, 1993" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1993" box="[679,1019,1919,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE41FFCBFD23CE24AC236FD7" box="[679,864,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Andraca angulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE41FFCBFCEDCE24ACB86FD6" author="Kishida" box="[873,1019,1919,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Kishida, Y. (1993) Bombycidae. In: Haruta T. (ed.). Moths of Nepal, Part 2. Tinea, 13 (suppl. 3), 143 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Kishida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE41FFCBFB8CCE24AB046FD7" box="[1032,1095,1919,1941]" name="Nepal" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, Kathmandu, Godavari (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE41FFCBFAC1CE24AAD26FD7" box="[1349,1425,1919,1941]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">NSMT</collectionCode>
), from
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE41FFCBFF54CEC6AE206FF1" author="Kishida" box="[208,355,1949,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Kishida, Y. (1993) Bombycidae. In: Haruta T. (ed.). Moths of Nepal, Part 2. Tinea, 13 (suppl. 3), 143 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Kishida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
. 25..
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE41FFCBFE18CEC5ADB96FF1" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[412,762,1949,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE41FFCBFE18CEC5AD246FF6" box="[412,615,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE41FFCBFDF4CEC6ADB96FF1" author="Walker" box="[624,762,1949,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE41FFCBFCA2CEC6ACC06FF1" box="[806,899,1949,1971]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Changwat Nan,
<quantity id="87689B49AE41FFCBFBB2CEC6AB296FF1" box="[1078,1130,1949,1971]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N of Bo Luang (MWM). 26.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE41FFCBFF13CEE7AEB36F90" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,496,1980,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE41FFCBFF13CEE7AE226F90" box="[151,353,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Andraca bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE41FFCBFEE3CEE7AEB36F90" author="Walker" box="[359,496,1980,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE41FFCBFD9CCEE7AD146F90" box="[536,599,1980,2002]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
, Yunnan, Dabingshan (MWM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE42FFC8FF13CEC2AA7E6FAF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1945,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE42FFC8FF13CEC2AE476FEC" bold="true" box="[151,260,1945,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE42FFC8FF13CEC2AFA96FEC" box="[151,234,1945,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">PLATE</collectionCode>
4.
</emphasis>
Male genitalia. 27.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE42FFC8FE51CEC2AC7F6FED" authority="Moore, 1865" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1865" box="[469,828,1945,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE42FFC8FE51CEC2ADEE6FED" box="[469,685,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Andraca trilochoides</emphasis>
Moore, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, ď
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE42FFC8FCE5CEC2AC816FED" box="[865,962,1945,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, Darjiling (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE42FFC8FBBCCEC1ABC96FF2" box="[1080,1162,1946,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">BMNH</collectionCode>
). 28.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE42FFC8FB40CEC2AE276F8F" authority="Bryk, 1944" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trilochoides" subSpecies="roepkei">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE42FFC8FB40CEC2AFA16F8C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Andraca trilochoides roepkei</emphasis>
Bryk, 1944
</taxonomicName>
, ď, N.
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE42FFC8FE32CEE3AD4C6F8C" box="[438,527,1976,1998]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Fan-si-pan Mts, Sa-Pa (MWM). 29.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE42FFC8FC1BCEE3ABE86F8C" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[927,1195,1976,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draco" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE42FFC8FC1BCEE3AB786F8C" box="[927,1083,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Andraca draco</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE42FFC8FB3DCEE2AA4D6F8C" box="[1209,1294,1977,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE42FFC8FAB9CEE2AADB6F8C" box="[1341,1432,1977,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE42FFC8FF13CE8DAFBF6FAE" box="[151,252,2006,2028]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Java, Mt. Pangrange (MWM). 30.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE42FFC8FDE7CE8CAC2A6FAE" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[611,873,2006,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draco" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE42FFC8FDE7CE8CADBF6FAF" box="[611,764,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Andraca draco</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE42FFC8FCF7CE8CAC806FAE" box="[883,963,2007,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE42FFC8FC6ECE8CAB066FAE" box="[1002,1093,2007,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
, the same data (MWM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE43FFC9FF13CE23AC926FA8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1911,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE43FFC9FF13CE23AE406FCF" bold="true" box="[151,259,1912,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE43FFC9FF13CE23AFA96FCF" box="[151,234,1912,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">PLATE</collectionCode>
5.
</emphasis>
Male genitalia. 31.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE43FFC9FE49CE2CAD8B6FCF" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[461,712,1911,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE43FFC9FE49CE2CAD1F6FCF" box="[461,604,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Andraca lawa</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE43FFC9FD57CE23AC606FCF" box="[723,803,1912,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE43FFC9FCCECE23ACE66FCF" box="[842,933,1912,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
, S. Palawan, Mt. Lolwagan, Brooke (MWM). 32.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE43FFC9FF13CECDAE886FEE" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[151,459,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradisea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE43FFC9FF13CECDAE1E6FEE" box="[151,349,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Andraca paradisea</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE43FFC9FE53CECCAD686FEE" box="[471,555,1943,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE43FFC9FDD3CECCADF16FEE" box="[599,690,1943,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE43FFC9FD3BCECDAC706FEE" box="[703,819,1942,1964]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Dalongdong (MWM). 33.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE43FFC9FF13CEEEAE9F6F88" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[151,476,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysocollis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE43FFC9FF13CEEEAE2D6F89" box="[151,366,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Andraca chrysocollis</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE43FFC9FE62CEEEAD746F88" box="[486,567,1973,1994]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE43FFC9FDDACEEEADFA6F88" box="[606,697,1973,1994]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE43FFC9FD47CEEFAC746F88" box="[707,823,1972,1994]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Luzon, Quezon Forest National Park (MWM). 34.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE43FFC9FAC1CEEEAE2E6FAB" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE43FFC9FAC1CEEEAE426FAB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Andraca nobilorum</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE43FFC9FEF3CE8FAE8B6FAB" box="[375,456,2004,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE43FFC9FE6BCE88AD6D6FAB" box="[495,558,2003,2025]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">China</collectingCountry>
, Guangxi, Dayao Shan, Jingxiu (MWM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="EEF9A78B47E3141C4A42D47623B2F929">Taxonomic remarks on Andraca Walker, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C83987BAAE4CFFC6FF13C9CCACF06F66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6171880" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119514625" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6171880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C83987BAAE4CFFC6FF13C9CCACF06F66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C83987BAAE4CFFC6FF13C9CCACF06F66" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="1B6781C0AE4CFFC6FF13C9CCAD5E68F2" bold="true" box="[151,541,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FF13C9CCAD5E68F2" bold="true" box="[151,541,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4CFFC6FF13C9CCAEF468F2" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[151,439,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FF13C9CCAE7B68F2" bold="true" box="[151,312,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Andraca lawa</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4CFFC6FE47C9C3AD5E68F2" box="[451,541,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13C9E7AE586896" blockId="8.[151,541,151,212]" box="[151,283,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Figs. 19, 20</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE4CFFC6FF13C85EAA3A6DD9" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13C85EABC469D7" blockId="8.[151,1437,259,405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4CFFC6FF13C85EAF8B6958" box="[151,200,261,282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4CFFC6FEABC858AED2695B" box="[303,401,259,281]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ď, Palawan, Mt. Mantalingajan,
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,
<date id="342E106CAE4CFFC6FCE1C85FACBE695B" box="[869,1021,260,281]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="2000-07-02" valueMax="2000-07-12" valueMin="2000-07-02">2–12.VII 2000</date>
, leg. D. Mohagan (MWM).
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4CFFC6FA97C85FAA386958" box="[1299,1403,260,282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: ď, Ψ, Palawan, Mt. Magcasaw, Mainit, Brooke’s Point,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FD5EC879AC0D697A" box="[730,846,290,312]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="600.0">600–900 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4CFFC6FCDCC879AC92697A" box="[856,977,290,312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1996-10-03" valueMax="1996-10-06" valueMin="1996-10-03">3–6.X 1996</date>
, leg. Bal; 4 ďď, Palawan, Mt. Mantalingajan,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FF43C81AAE7E6915" box="[199,317,321,343]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="700.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="600.0">600–800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4CFFC6FECEC819AEA06915" box="[330,483,322,343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="2000-07-02" valueMax="2000-07-12" valueMin="2000-07-02">2–12.VII 2000</date>
, leg. D. Mohagan; 2 ďď, S. Palawan, Mt. Lolwagan, Brooke’s Point,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FB3DC81AAA6C6915" box="[1209,1327,321,343]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="600.0">600–900 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4CFFC6FAB8C81AAFBF6937" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1998-11-15" valueMax="1998-11-26" valueMin="1998-11-15">15–26.XI 1998</date>
, leg. D. Mohagan (GU 8766) (all in MWM). ď, S. Palawan, Mt. Mantalingajan,
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,
<date id="342E106CAE4CFFC6FB65C83BAA236937" box="[1249,1376,352,373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="2000-08-01">1.VIII 2000</date>
, coll. Treadaway (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE4CFFC6FEC0C824AECF69D7" box="[324,396,383,405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">SMFL</collectionCode>
); ď, S. Palawan, Mt. Gantung,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FD42C824AC5869D6" box="[710,795,383,404]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1300.0">1.300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4CFFC6FCA1C824AC3969D6" box="[805,890,383,404]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="2002-03">III 2002</date>
, coll. Treadaway (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE4CFFC6FBB0C824AB3F69D7" box="[1076,1148,383,405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">SMFL</collectionCode>
).
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<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13C89AAE516B93" blockId="8.[151,1437,449,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
Description. Wingspan males
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FE6CC89AAD20699B" box="[488,611,449,473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="39.0">39–48 mm</quantity>
, a single female known
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FCF7C89AAC87699B" box="[883,964,449,473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
, forewing length—
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males and
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a female. In males, ground colour and wing pattern is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4CFFC6FC37C8BEABAA69BF" authority="Swinhoe, 1907" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1907" box="[947,1257,485,509]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apodecta">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FC37C8BEAB7A69BF" box="[947,1081,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">A. apodecta</emphasis>
Swinhoe, 1907
</taxonomicName>
, but wing shape is very characteristic. Fore wings with acutely sharpened tops and hind wings distinctly acute in Cu-zone. Except this, the outer margin is not festooned but smooth. Fore wings reddish-brown with narrow slightly concave transversal lines, small, point-like, blackish distal dot, distinct yellow external spots in M-zone and with bluish suffusion, more deep in medial field on the wing.
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4CFFC6FD4BCB2EAC446ACF" box="[719,775,629,653]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing slightly lighter, with posmedia deeply lunate in anal field.Female larger as pointed out above, with outer margin of both wings not acute or only slightly so. Its ground colour lighter, oblique grey fascia coming from apex and pointed apically by bluish-grey scales is typical; other pattern elements vague and presented mainly as indistinct shadows. Male genitalia (Fig. 31). Uncus is oar-shaped, with semicircular apical cut and with distinct basal narrowing. Branches of gnathos infused, distinct, long, slender, almost parallel-sided, strongly bent at a middle and weakly swollen there. Valva narrowed and rounded apically; costa concave, bears near the apex a distinct pyramidal process situated a bit inside and therefore closed with distinct papilla-like harpe. Both valvae are symmetrical. Aedeagus short, strongly curved at basal third, with weakly broadened caudal end, with short bag-shaped vesica bearing short but strong thorn-like cornuti situated in a single row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF4DCA86AFBD6C23" blockId="8.[151,1437,449,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
Diagnosis. In external characters can be easily recognized from related species by fore wings with acutely sharpened tops and hind wings distinctly acute. In doubtful cases, genitalic preparation is useful, the shape of aedeagus and vesica with short strong cornuti being characteristic. The only species of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4CFFC6FBE1CD7EAB866C7F" box="[1125,1221,1061,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FBE1CD7EAB866C7F" box="[1125,1221,1061,1085]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Andraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known so far from Palawan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF4DCD36AA5A6CEB" blockId="8.[151,1437,449,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
Bionomics. Flight period March, July, August, October and November; develops probably two or more generations per year. Inhabits altitudes from
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FD0FCDCAAC736CEB" box="[651,816,1169,1193]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="600.0">600 to 1700 m</quantity>
. Immature stages and host plants unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF4DCDEEAD8F6C8F" blockId="8.[151,1437,449,1265]" box="[201,716,1205,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Distribution. Apparently endemic to Palawan.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF4DCD82ACDA6CB3" blockId="8.[151,1437,449,1265]" box="[201,921,1241,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Comments. The name has a toponymic origin as “Pa-LAWA-n”.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13CC66AB416D17" blockId="8.[151,1026,1341,1366]" box="[151,1026,1341,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FF13CC66ADA16D17" bold="true" box="[151,738,1341,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
Subgenus
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FE95CC66AE876D14" bold="true" box="[273,452,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
Zolotuhin, subgen. nov.
</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4CFFC6FC82CC66AB416D17" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[774,1026,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FC82CC66AC246D17" box="[774,871,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Andraca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4CFFC6FCE9CC66AB416D17" author="Walker" box="[877,1026,1341,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13CCDDAA3A6DD9" blockId="8.[151,1401,1413,1436]" box="[151,1401,1413,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4CFFC6FF13CCDDAF8B6DD9" box="[151,200,1414,1435]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4CFFC6FEA2CCDEADC26DD9" authority="Swinhoe, 1907" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1907" box="[294,641,1413,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apodecta">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FEA2CCDEAEA36DD9" box="[294,480,1413,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Andraca apodecta</emphasis>
Swinhoe, 1907
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FD0FCCDEAB1F6DD9" box="[651,1116,1413,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">The Annales and Magazine of natural History</emphasis>
(7) 19: 49, here designated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE4CFFC6FF13CC92ACF06F66" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13CC92ACF06F66" blockId="8.[151,1436,1479,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FF13CC92AE536DA2" box="[151,272,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Species of smaller and middle size. Both wings are usually of light reddish-brown or bright-yellow coloration depending of species with darker pattern and sometimes with silver shadows near by apex; external field usually of the same coloration that ground colour. Outer margin of forewing usually smooth, rounded, rarely scalloped or slightly angled. In male genitalia shape of uncus is characteristic: short and broad without basal narrowing, conical and very massive basad, pointed apically. In others characters similar to the members of the nominate subgenus. Eight species are included, 3 of them are described as new ones. The subgenus ranges to
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4CFFC6FADDCF27AADF6ED6" box="[1369,1436,1660,1684]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">China</collectingCountry>
including
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4CFFC6FE88CFC4AE226EF5" box="[268,353,1695,1719]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4CFFC6FEF4CFC4AE956EF5" box="[368,470,1695,1719]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4CFFC6FE63CFC4AD0A6EF5" box="[487,585,1695,1719]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Mindanao and Luzon. All members of this group seem to be multivoltine. The name of the subgenus is an anagram of the initial letters of names of all species included. The highly modified shape of uncus is an autapomorphy of this subgenus. Although the new name is introduced at a subgeneric rank, it may prove to warrant generic status.
</paragraph>
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196
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<subSubSection id="088A6527AE4CFFC6FF13CE34AE586FE8" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13CE34AD286FCB" blockId="8.[151,619,1903,1962]" box="[151,619,1903,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="1B6781C0AE4CFFC6FF13CE34AD286FCB" bold="true" box="[151,619,1903,1929]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FF13CE34AD286FCB" bold="true" box="[151,619,1903,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4CFFC6FF13CE34AD436FCB" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[151,512,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradisea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4CFFC6FF13CE34AE386FCB" bold="true" box="[151,379,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Andraca paradisea</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4CFFC6FD89CE34AD286FCB" box="[525,619,1903,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC6FF13CEC9AE586FE8" blockId="8.[151,619,1903,1962]" box="[151,283,1938,1962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Figs. 17, 18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE4CFFC7FF13CE80AEDC6D37" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4CFFC7FF13CE80AD836A7F" blockId="8.[151,1436,2010,2032]" lastBlockId="9.[199,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4CFFC6FF13CE80AF8B6FB2" box="[151,200,2011,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4CFFC6FEABCE81AED26FB2" box="[303,401,2010,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4CFFC6FE3CCE81AD6E6FB2" box="[440,557,2010,2032]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Dalongdong, Talakag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FBE1CE80ABE66FB2" box="[1125,1189,2010,2032]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
NW Maramag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4CFFC6FACDCE80AADB6FB2" box="[1353,1432,2011,2032]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FF43C9C3AE1B68EF" box="[199,344,152,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1999-09-09" valueMax="1999-09-17" valueMin="1999-09-09">9–17.IX 1999</date>
(MWM).
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4DFFC7FE43C9C2AD6E68EC" box="[455,557,153,174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FDD8C9C3AD9268EC" box="[604,721,152,174]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Dalongdong, Talakag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FAA0C9C3AA2468EC" box="[1316,1383,152,174]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
NW Maramag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FEB0C9ECAEC1688E" box="[308,386,183,204]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FE08C9ECAD5A688E" box="[396,537,183,204]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1999-09-09" valueMax="1999-09-17" valueMin="1999-09-09">9–17.IX 1999</date>
(GU 8765); ď, the same,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FC98C9EDACE7688E" box="[796,932,182,204]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1999-01-15" valueMax="1999-01-16" valueMin="1999-01-15">15–16.I 1999</date>
, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin; ď, the same,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FA86C9ECAA08688E" box="[1282,1355,183,204]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FAD1C9ECAFBF68A8" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1999-11-02" valueMax="1999-11-07" valueMin="1999-11-02">2–7.XI 1999</date>
, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin. 3 ďď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FDB1C98EADE968A9" box="[565,682,213,235]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Dalongdong, Talakag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FB7AC98EAA2B68A9" box="[1278,1384,213,235]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="42.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="40.0">40–45 km</quantity>
NW Maramag,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FEBEC9AFAECC6948" box="[314,399,244,266]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FE1BC9AFAD5C694B" box="[415,543,244,265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1988-10-01" valueMax="1988-10-03" valueMin="1988-10-01">1–3.X 1988</date>
, 800–
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FDE7C9AFADF46948" box="[611,695,244,266]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FD43C9A8AC57694B" box="[711,788,243,265]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="7.883333">7°53’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FCA0C9AFACC4694B" box="[804,903,244,265]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="124.666664">124°40’E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. Cerny &amp; Schintlmeister. 2 ďď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FAA7C9A8AADB694B" box="[1315,1432,243,265]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Kitanglad, S–Seite, Intavas, Primärurwald,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FC4BC849AB5D696A" box="[975,1054,274,296]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1650.0">1650 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FBAEC849ABE7696A" box="[1066,1188,274,296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1993-08-05">5.VIII 1993</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FB2BC848ABBF696A" box="[1199,1276,275,296]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="8.116667">8°07’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FA8CC849AA28696A" box="[1288,1387,274,296]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="124.916664">124°55’E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. A. Schintlmeister &amp; V.Siniaev. ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FDA0C86AADDA6905" box="[548,665,305,327]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Kitanglad, S-Seite, Intavas, Primärurwald,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FF43C80BAE5F6924" box="[199,284,336,358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FEA9C80BAEEE6927" box="[301,429,336,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1993-08-02">2.VIII 1993</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FE3AC80BAD486927" box="[446,523,336,357]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="8.116667">8°07’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FD98C80BADC36924" box="[540,640,336,358]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="124.916664">124°55’E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. A. Schintlmeister &amp; V.Siniaev. 5 ďď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FBEDC80BAB9D6924" box="[1129,1246,336,358]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Bukidnon, Mt. Kitanglad, S-Seite, Intavas, Primärurwald,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FC96C834AC2369C6" box="[786,864,367,388]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FCEEC835AB7469C6" box="[874,1079,366,388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1993-08-15" valueMax="1993-09-15" valueMin="1993-08-15">15.VIII–15.IX 1993</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FBC5C834ABCD69C6" box="[1089,1166,367,388]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="8.116667">8°07’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FB1CC835ABBF69C6" box="[1176,1276,366,388]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="124.916664">124°55’E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. V. Siniaev. 42 ďď, Ψ,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FEB3C8D6AEE869E1" box="[311,427,397,419]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Prov. Davao del Sur, Mt. Apo, SE-route via Kapatagan,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FBF7C8D6AA5A69E1" box="[1139,1305,397,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1996-07-10" valueMax="1996-07-12" valueMin="1996-07-10">
10–12.VII
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FB60C8D6AA5A69E1" box="[1252,1305,397,419]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.996157" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1996.157">1996</quantity>
</date>
, 1570 m, im prim. Wald, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin. 9 ďď, Ψ,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FDFCC8F0ADAF6983" box="[632,748,427,449]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, SE-route via Kapatagan,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FB49C8F7AA7C6983" box="[1229,1343,427,449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1996-07-08">
8.VII
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FA8EC8F0AA7C6983" box="[1290,1343,427,449]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9962229999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1996.223">1996</quantity>
</date>
, 2230 m, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin. ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FE45C891AD7569A2" box="[449,566,458,480]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, Westflanke, Sekundärwald,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FBB9C891ABC969A2" box="[1085,1162,458,480]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="6.95">6°57’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4DFFC7FB13C891ABB969A2" box="[1175,1274,458,480]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="125.26667">125°16’E</geoCoordinate>
, leg. Siniaev &amp; Schintlmeister (all in MWM); ď, Mindanao, Bukidnon, Mt. Caliasan,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FC0AC8B1ACA069BD" box="[910,995,490,511]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1400.0">1.400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FC6AC8B1AB0E69BD" box="[1006,1101,490,511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="2000-02-08">8.II 2000</date>
, coll. Treadaway (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE4DFFC7FA8CC8B1AA136A42" box="[1288,1360,490,512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">SMFL</collectionCode>
). 2 ďď, Mindanao, Davao, Mt. Apo,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FE6ECB53AD7B6A5C" box="[490,568,520,542]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FDC6CB53ADF66A5F" box="[578,693,520,542]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1990-03-02">2. III. 1990</date>
, coll. Treadaway (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE4DFFC7FCEACB53ACF56A5C" box="[878,950,520,542]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">SMFL</collectionCode>
); 1 ď, Mindanao, S. Mindanao, S. Cotabato, Mt. Matutum,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FEB4CB7DAEF16A7E" box="[304,434,550,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1996-06-15">15. VI. 1996</date>
, coll. Treadaway (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE4DFFC7FDE9CB7CADF66A7F" box="[621,693,551,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">SMFL</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4DFFC7FF13CB32ACFC6C17" blockId="9.[151,1436,617,1397]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
Description. Wingspan males
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FE6BCB32AD2E6AC3" box="[495,621,617,641]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="34.0">34–41 mm</quantity>
, females
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FD5FCB32AC1B6AC3" box="[731,856,617,641]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="47.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="46.0">46–48 mm</quantity>
, forewing length—
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FBBFCB32ABDF6AC3" box="[1083,1180,617,641]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.953" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18–21 in</quantity>
males and 25.5–
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FAE5CB32AADF6AC3" box="[1377,1436,617,641]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="26.0">26 in</quantity>
females. In males, wings with smooth outer margin, forewings with pointed apex, with indistinct or without any cut under the top. Ground colour of both wings chestnut, with darker triangular shadows in external fields of the fore wings. Dark brown wavy transversal fasciae are typical. Discal spot very small, point-like, blackish, in some specimens missing.
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FEFCCBA2AEF36B53" box="[376,432,761,785]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Hind</collectingCountry>
wings with lighter basal and medial zones. Distinct suffusion of the bluish scales through the fore wings is very typical giving for the moth very peculiar, contrast coloration. Flagellum white, end part of the antenna covered with reddish-brown scales. Females lighter, with more distinct pointed apices of the fore wings, dull yellow, with distinct reddish-brown transversal fasciae and vague discal dot. No bluish scales typical; very few of them can be found as a border of external line. Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Uncus is short triangular, a bit flattened, without basal narrowing. Branches of gnathos infused, distinct, but short and rather wide. Valva narrowed and tapered apically; costa bears near the apex a very short up to almost undeveloped pyramidal process situated almost on the same vertical line with protruded papilla-like harpe. Both valvae are symmetrical. Aedeagus short, strongly curved at a middle under right angle, with broadened funnel-shaped caudal end, with short bagshaped vesica bearing very small thorn-shaped cornuti situated in a row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4DFFC7FF4DCD3AAC816C83" blockId="9.[151,1436,617,1397]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
Diagnosis. Similar to
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4DFFC7FE43CD3AAC456C3B" authority="Swinhoe, 1907" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1907" box="[455,774,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apodecta">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4DFFC7FE43CD3AAD126C3B" box="[455,593,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">A. apodecta</emphasis>
Swinhoe,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FD4ACD3AAC456C3B" box="[718,774,1121,1145]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84378" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1907.0">1907</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in external characters but distinguished easily by lighter coloration with distinct suffusion of bluish scales. Male genitalia are also characteristic, with the presence of cornuti on the vesica. The only species of the genus native to Mindanao.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4DFFC7FF4DCD96AC036D4B" blockId="9.[151,1436,617,1397]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
Bionomics. Flight period July to mid January; probably with two generations per year. Inhabits altitudes from
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FF13CDAAAE7F6D4B" box="[151,316,1265,1289]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1600.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="800.0">800 to 2400 m</quantity>
. Preimaginal stages and host plants unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4DFFC7FF4DCC4EACBF6D6F" blockId="9.[151,1436,617,1397]" box="[201,1020,1301,1325]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FEDACC4EAEA36D6F" box="[350,480,1301,1325]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. So far only from Mindanao,. possibly endemic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4DFFC7FF4DCC62AEDC6D37" blockId="9.[151,1436,617,1397]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Comments. The species is the brightest coloured one among all its congeners, and therefore the name alludes to the Bird-of-Paradise.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="57D5A63B782F52CED620983B719CA91C">Taxonomic remarks on Andraca Walker, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4DFFC7FF13CC92AED56DA1" bold="true" box="[151,406,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Andraca chrysocollis</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
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,
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<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4DFFC7FF13CCB7AFA56E46" blockId="9.[151,645,1480,1540]" box="[151,230,1516,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Fig. 13</paragraph>
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material.
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: ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FE46CF68AD746E0B" box="[450,567,1587,1609]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Northern Luzon, Ifugao, Banaue vic.,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FC55CF6FAB506E0B" box="[977,1043,1587,1609]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
N Lagawe, Sekundärwald/Reisfelder,
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,
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,
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,
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, leg. Cerny &amp; Schintlmeister (MWM).
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: ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FB46CF09AA746E2A" box="[1218,1335,1618,1640]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Northern Luzon, Ifugao, Banaue vic.,
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N Lagawe, Sekundärwald/Reisfelder,
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,
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,
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,
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, leg. Cerny &amp; Schintlmeister (MWM); ď,
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, Luzon, Quezon Forest National Park, Flachlandurwald,
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,
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, without date,
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, leg. Cerny &amp; Schintlmeister (GU 9002 - MWM). ď,
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4DFFC7FBAECFF5ABDD6E86" box="[1066,1182,1710,1732]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Luzon, Mountain Prov., Mt. Bontoc,
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(
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). ď,
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, N. Luzon,
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</collectingCountry>
border Abra / Kalinga, E of Malibcong Basiwag,
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,
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,
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,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FE73CFB0ADC16F43" box="[503,642,1771,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="2007-01-16" valueMax="2007-01-17" valueMin="2007-01-16">16–17.I 2007</date>
, leg. JH Lourence (Jan Lourence). 2 ďď, N. Luzon, Ifugao, Banaue,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FACCCFB7AADB6F40" box="[1352,1432,1772,1794]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FF43CE50AE516F62" box="[199,274,1803,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">12. XII</date>
, 1988, coll. Treadaway (
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);
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FDE0CE50ADCD6F62" box="[612,654,1803,1824]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
, N. Luzon, Ifugao, Banaue,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4DFFC7FC2FCE50ACB96F62" box="[939,1018,1803,1824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4DFFC7FB81CE50AB366F62" box="[1029,1141,1803,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1989-01-27">27. I. 1989</date>
, coll. Treadaway (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE4DFFC7FAABCE50AA346F63" box="[1327,1399,1803,1825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">SMFL</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
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Description. Wingspan males
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, fore wing length—
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. Very similar in wing shapes, ground colour and wing pattern on
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4DFFC7FE49CE2AAD106FCB" box="[461,595,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apodecta">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4DFFC7FE49CE2AAD106FCB" box="[461,595,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">A. apodecta</emphasis>
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but pattern more vague, bluish scales mainly in basal part of the forewing. Discal spot very small, dark grey, pointed with a few bluish scales. Bright yellow coloration of collar (patagiae) is typical. Female is still unknown. Male genitalia (Fig. 33). Uncus is short but strong triangular to pyramidal. Branches of gnathos infused, distinct, but short and rather wide at a middle. Valva narrowed and tapered apically; both costal process and harpe are minute. Both valvae are symmetrical. Aedeagus slender, elongated, without distinct caudal widening; vesica tubular without cornuti.
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<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DC984ACE0697D" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Diagnosis. In external characters can be easily recognized from related species by bright yellow collar. In doubtful cases, genitalic preparation is useful, the absence of cornuti on vesica is characteristic (but also absent in
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4EFFC4FF13C873AE5E6902" box="[151,285,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apodecta">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4EFFC4FF13C873AE5E6902" box="[151,285,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">A. apodecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The only species of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4EFFC4FD91C873AD366902" box="[533,629,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4EFFC4FD91C873AD366902" box="[533,629,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Andraca</emphasis>
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known so far from Luzon.
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<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DC817AB9269C5" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Bionomics. Flight period April and September-October but probably develops few generations per year. Inhabits altitudes from
<quantity id="87689B49AE4EFFC4FE1FC834AD0269C5" box="[411,577,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="725.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="250.0">250 to 1200 m</quantity>
. Female, preimaginal stages and food plants are unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DC8CFADF669EE" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,463]" box="[201,693,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Distribution. Apparently endemic to Luzon.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DC8ECAB22698D" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,463]" box="[201,1121,439,463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Comments. The name refers to the bright yellow coloration of the collar of moths.</paragraph>
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122
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<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4EFFC4FF13CB78AD856A7E" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[151,710,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilorum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4EFFC4FF13CB78AFB86A7E" bold="true" box="[151,251,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4EFFC4FE8FCB78AEFD6A7E" bold="true" box="[267,446,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4EFFC4FE4ACB78AD0B6A7E" bold="true" box="[462,584,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">nobilorum</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4EFFC4FD56CB7FAC6F6A7E" box="[722,812,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF13CB1CAE586A1D" blockId="10.[151,812,547,607]" box="[151,283,583,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs. 21, 22</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE4EFFC4FF13CBCAAE5C6DD3" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF13CBCAAECD6A87" blockId="10.[151,1437,655,709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4EFFC4FF13CBCAAF8B6AE4" box="[151,200,657,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4EFFC4FEB5CBCBAED06AE4" box="[305,403,656,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ď, Central
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4EFFC4FD8ACBCBAD246AE4" box="[526,615,656,678]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Prov. Kon Tum, Distr. Kom Plong, Mang Canh,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4EFFC4FBE0CBCBABF06AE4" box="[1124,1203,656,678]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="342E106CAE4EFFC4FB3BCBCBAA0C6AE4" box="[1215,1359,656,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="2006-06-01" valueMax="2006-06-10" valueMin="2006-06-01">1–10.VI 2006</date>
, leg. V. Zolotuhin (MWM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF13CBAAAA656C47" blockId="10.[151,1436,753,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Description. Wingspan males
<quantity id="87689B49AE4EFFC4FE69CBAAAD296B4B" box="[493,618,753,777]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="38.0">38–39 mm</quantity>
, fore wing length
<quantity id="87689B49AE4EFFC4FCB9CBAAACD16B4B" box="[829,914,753,777]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
. Ground colour is sandy yellow, wing pattern lunate, transverse, black, with dark grey apical spot, prominent submarginal spots in Cu-area and large basal spot in the fore wing; external field is darkened. Discal dot small dark grey; fine bluish suffusion is visible around the dark pattern elements. Costal zone of the hind wing is paler. Female is unknown. Male genitalia (fig. 34). Uncus is elongated pyramid-shaped. Branches of gnathos infused, distinct, long, strongly bent at a middle and a bit swollen at curvation. Valva short, broadened basally, generally weakly sclerotized; costa bears near the apex a minute papilla-shaped process; no harpe presented. Both valvae are symmetrical. Aedeagus short, with widened apical half and wide opening of vesica: vesica short, with 3 compact groups of heavy sclerotized spine-like cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DCD4AAB126C33" blockId="10.[151,1436,753,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Diagnosis. Externally the species resembles the palest specimens of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4EFFC4FC73CD4AAF9B6C0F" authority="Yang, 1995" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Pseudandraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavamaculata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4EFFC4FC73CD4AAA066C6B" box="[1015,1349,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Pseudandraca flavamaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4EFFC4FADDCD4AAF936C0F" author="Yang" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" refString="Yang, Ch. (1995). Lepidoptera: Bombycidae. In: Insects of Baishanzu Mountain. Beijing, Science Press, 353 - 358 (in Chinese)." type="book chapter" year="1995">Yang, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
but larger, always without dark shadows typical for the latter; male genitalia are diagnostic with quiller (or harpe) is always absent. Presence of prominent black basal spot is also characteristic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DCD26AAD06CD7" blockId="10.[151,1436,753,1425]" box="[201,1427,1149,1173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Bionomics. Both specimens known were collected in mountain forests at
<date id="342E106CAE4EFFC4FB84CD26ABE56CD7" box="[1024,1190,1149,1173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1200" valueMax="1250">
1200 and
<quantity id="87689B49AE4EFFC4FBEACD26ABE56CD7" box="[1134,1190,1149,1173]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250</quantity>
</date>
m in April and June.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DCDFAAA416CFB" blockId="10.[151,1436,753,1425]" box="[201,1282,1185,1209]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Distribution. Known only from Central
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4EFFC4FD03CDFAADA56CFB" box="[647,742,1185,1209]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(Kon Tum) and south-eastern
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4EFFC4FBBACDFAABC26CFB" box="[1086,1153,1185,1209]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">China</collectingCountry>
(Guangxi).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4EFFC4FF4DCD9EAE5C6DD3" blockId="10.[151,1436,753,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Comments. The name derives from “
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4EFFC4FDE8CD9EADA66C9F" box="[620,741,1221,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilorum">nobilorum</taxonomicName>
” (from “nobilis”) meaning “a noble” in Latin. I know of one additional male specimen attributed to the species from
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4EFFC4FCAFCDB2AC326D43" box="[811,881,1257,1281]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">China</collectingCountry>
, Guangxi, Dayao Shan, Jingxiu,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4EFFC4FB71CDB2AA0D6D43" box="[1269,1358,1257,1281]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
SE of Liuzhou,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4EFFC4FE86CC56AE266D67" box="[258,357,1293,1317]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="23.75">23°45’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="25A4506BAE4EFFC4FEF6CC56AEA36D67" box="[370,480,1293,1317]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="109.75">109°45’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="87689B49AE4EFFC4FE68CC56AD006D67" box="[492,579,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
, which was collected in
<date id="342E106CAE4EFFC4FCDDCC56AC906D67" box="[857,979,1293,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="2005-04">April 2005</date>
by V. Siniaev (in coll. MWM). It differs insignificantly from the male of the Vietnamese population but has a distance more than 2% in the cytochrome-c oxidase subunit 1 gene (
<collectionCode id="2681AE69AE4EFFC4FE2FCC0EAE9C6D2F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" box="[427,479,1365,1389]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">COI</collectionCode>
, 5’, 658 b.p.). Until additional materials from
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE4EFFC4FC6ACC0EAB726D2F" box="[1006,1073,1365,1389]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">China</collectingCountry>
are obtained, I consider it to be this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

314
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<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF13CD56AEDE6C64" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[151,413,1037,1062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="1B6781C0AE4FFFC5FF13CD56AEDE6C64" bold="true" box="[151,413,1037,1062]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF13CD56AEDE6C64" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,413,1037,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF13CD56AEDE6C64" bold="true" box="[151,413,1037,1062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF13CD56AFB86C64" bold="true" box="[151,251,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FE85CD55AEDE6C64" author="Walker" box="[257,413,1037,1062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF43CD6AAEA96C08" bold="true" box="[199,490,1073,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
Subgenus
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<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEC5CD6AAEE76C08" bold="true" box="[321,420,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4FFFC5FE28CD69AEA96C08" box="[428,490,1074,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="088A6527AE4FFFC2FF71CD0DABA9695E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF71CD0DADA96C2C" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[245,746,1110,1134]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CD0DADA96C2C" authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[245,746,1110,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata" subGenus="Andraca">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CD0DAE156C2C" box="[245,342,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CD0DAE866C2C" box="[357,453,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FE52CD0DAD0D6C2C" box="[470,590,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FDD1CD0DADA96C2C" author="Walker" box="[597,746,1110,1134]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 32, Suppl. Part 2. London, 706 p." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF43CD20AD866CD0" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[199,709,1145,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF43CD20AF996CD0" box="[199,218,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF65CD21AD106CD3" authority="Kishida, 1993" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1993" box="[225,595,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF65CD21AEEF6CD0" box="[225,428,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca angulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FE37CD22AD106CD3" author="Kishida" box="[435,595,1145,1169]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Kishida, Y. (1993) Bombycidae. In: Haruta T. (ed.). Moths of Nepal, Part 2. Tinea, 13 (suppl. 3), 143 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Kishida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDDACD21AD866CD0" bold="true" box="[606,709,1146,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4FFFC5FDDACD21AD866CD0" box="[606,709,1146,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF71CDC5ADFD6C9B" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CDC5ADB76CF4" authority="Moore, 1865" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1865" box="[245,756,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilochoides" subGenus="Andraca">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CDC5AE156CF4" box="[245,342,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CDC5AE866CF4" box="[357,453,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FE52CDC5AD1F6CF4" box="[470,604,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">trilochoides</emphasis>
Moore, 1865
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CD99ADFD6C9B" authority="Moore, 1865" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1865" box="[245,702,1217,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trilochoides" subSpecies="trilochoides">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CD99AD646C98" box="[245,551,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">A. trilochoides trilochoides</emphasis>
Moore, 1865
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF71CDBDAD3A6CBC" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[245,633,1254,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CDBDAD3A6CBC" authority="Bryk, 1944" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" box="[245,633,1254,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trilochoides" subSpecies="roepkei">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CDBDAEB76CBC" box="[245,500,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">A. trilochoides roepkei</emphasis>
Bryk, 1944
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF71CC50ADA96DCC" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CC50AE866D60" box="[245,453,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
=
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FE8BCC51AE866D60" authority="Chu et Wang, 1993" authorityName="Chu et Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[271,453,1290,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henosa">Andraca henosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Chu et Wang, 1993, syn. corr.
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CC75AC0F6D04" authority="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009" authorityName="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt" authorityYear="2009" box="[245,844,1326,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stueningi" subGenus="Andraca">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CC75AE156D04" box="[245,342,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CC75AE866D04" box="[357,453,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FE52CC74AD7E6D04" box="[470,573,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">stueningi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FDC0CC75AC0F6D04" author="Zolotuhin" box="[580,844,1326,1350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Zolotuhin, V. V. &amp; Witt, Th. J. (2009) The Bombycidae of Vietnam (Lepidoptera). Entomofauna, Suppl. 16 (2), 231 - 272." type="journal article" year="2009">Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CC09ADD36D2B" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[245,656,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draco" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Andraca">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CC09AE156D28" box="[245,342,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CC09AE866D28" box="[357,453,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FE52CC09AD546D28" box="[470,535,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">draco</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FD1FCC09ADB66D28" bold="true" box="[667,757,1362,1386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4FFFC5FD1FCC09ADB66D28" box="[667,757,1362,1386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CC2DADC66DCC" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[245,645,1398,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawa" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Andraca">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CC2DAE156DCC" box="[245,342,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CC2DAE866DCC" box="[357,453,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FE52CC2DAD4F6DCC" box="[470,524,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">lawa</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FD14CC2DADA96DCC" bold="true" box="[656,746,1398,1422]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4FFFC5FD14CC2DADA96DCC" box="[656,746,1398,1422]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF43CCC2ADE66ECB" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF43CCC2AC516DF0" bold="true" box="[199,786,1433,1458]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
Subgenus
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEC5CCC2AEB76DF0" bold="true" box="[321,500,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
Zolotuhin, subgen. nov.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CCE5AC7A6D94" authority="Swinhoe, 1907" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1907" box="[245,825,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apodecta" subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CCE5AE156D94" box="[245,342,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CCE5AD506D94" box="[357,531,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDA0CCE5ADC86D94" box="[548,651,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">apodecta</emphasis>
Swinhoe, 1907
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CCB9AC4F6DBB" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[245,780,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradisea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CCB9AE156DB8" box="[245,342,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CCB9AD506DB8" box="[357,531,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDA0CCB9ADD76DB8" box="[548,660,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">paradisea</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FC9CCCB9AC326DB8" bold="true" box="[792,881,1506,1530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4FFFC5FC9CCCB9AC326DB8" box="[792,881,1506,1530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CF5DAC676E5C" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[245,804,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysocollis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CF5DAE156E5C" box="[245,342,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CF5DAD506E5C" box="[357,531,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDA0CF5DADE86E5C" box="[548,683,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">chrysocollis</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FCABCF5DACCB6E5C" bold="true" box="[815,904,1542,1566]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4FFFC5FCABCF5DACCB6E5C" box="[815,904,1542,1566]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CF71AC036E03" authority="Matsumura, 1909" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1909" box="[245,832,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theae" subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CF71AE156E00" box="[245,342,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CF71AD506E00" box="[357,531,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDA0CF71AD226E00" box="[548,609,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">theae</emphasis>
(Matsumura, 1909)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CF15AC0C6E24" authority="Matsumura, 1927" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1927" box="[245,847,1614,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacea" subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CF15AE156E24" box="[245,342,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CF15AD506E24" box="[357,531,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDA0CF15ADC06E24" box="[548,643,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">olivacea</emphasis>
Matsumura, 1927
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CF29ADE66ECB" authority="Matsumura, 1927" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1927" box="[245,677,1649,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="olivacea" subSpecies="olivacea">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CF29AE9B6EC8" box="[245,472,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">A. olivacea olivacea</emphasis>
Matsumura, 1927
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF71CFCDADDB6E93" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CFCDAD2B6EEC" authority="Mell, 1958" authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1958" box="[245,616,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="olivacea" subSpecies="olivacens">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CFCDAEA76EEC" box="[245,484,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">A. olivacea olivacens</emphasis>
Mell, 1958
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDF0CFCDAC096EEC" bold="true" box="[628,842,1686,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">comb. et stat. nov.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CFE0AEFB6E90" box="[245,440,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
=
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FE8BCFE1AEFB6E90" authority="Chu &amp; Wang, 1993" authorityName="Chu &amp; Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[271,440,1722,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hedra">Andraca hedra</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Chu &amp; Wang, 1993
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF71CF85AAD86EB5" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[245,1435,1758,1783]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CF85AE156EB4" box="[245,342,1758,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CF85AE156EB4" box="[245,342,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEF3CF85AD666EB4" box="[375,549,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDBECF85ADC06EB4" box="[570,643,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">ravida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FD13CF85AC626EB4" author="Yang" box="[663,801,1758,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Yang, Ch. (1995). Lepidoptera: Bombycidae. In: Insects of Baishanzu Mountain. Beijing, Science Press, 353 - 358 (in Chinese)." type="book chapter" year="1995">Yang, 1995</bibRefCitation>
),
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FCBECF85AC836EB4" bold="true" box="[826,960,1758,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">comb. nov.</emphasis>
(status of the species is doubtful;
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE4FFFC5FAE4CF84AAD86EB5" box="[1376,1435,1759,1783]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">types</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF13CE5AAE146F5B" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[151,343,1793,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">cann’t be found).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF71CE7DAC356F20" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CE7DAC2F6F7C" authority="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009" authorityName="Zolotuhin &amp; Witt" authorityYear="2009" box="[245,876,1830,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melli" subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CE7DAE156F7C" box="[245,342,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CE7DAD506F7C" box="[357,531,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDA0CE7DAD1F6F7C" box="[548,604,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">melli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FDE7CE7DAC2F6F7C" author="Zolotuhin" box="[611,876,1830,1854]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Zolotuhin, V. V. &amp; Witt, Th. J. (2009) The Bombycidae of Vietnam (Lepidoptera). Entomofauna, Suppl. 16 (2), 231 - 272." type="journal article" year="2009">Zolotuhin &amp; Witt, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF71CE11AC526F23" authority="Zolotuhin" authorityName="Zolotuhin" box="[245,785,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilorum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chrypathemola">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF71CE11AE156F20" box="[245,342,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Andraca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FEE1CE11AD506F20" box="[357,531,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FDA0CE11ADDA6F20" box="[548,665,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">nobilorum</emphasis>
Zolotuhin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69D757C5AE4FFFC5FC98CE11AC356F20" box="[796,886,1866,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FC98CE11AC356F20" bold="true" box="[796,886,1866,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF13CE36AE9D6FC4" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[151,478,1901,1926]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF13CE36AE9D6FC4" authority="Miyata, 1970" authorityName="Miyata" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,478,1901,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Pseudandraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF13CE36AEDB6FC4" bold="true" box="[151,408,1901,1926]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF13CE36AE7F6FC4" bold="true" box="[151,316,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Pseudandraca</emphasis>
Miyata
</emphasis>
, 1970
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF43CEC9AD296FEB" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[199,618,1937,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF43CEC9AD296FEB" authority="Butler, 1885" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[199,618,1937,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Pseudandraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF43CEC9AE876FE8" box="[199,452,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Pseudandraca gracilis</emphasis>
(Butler, 1885)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF43CEEDADEA6F8C" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[199,681,1974,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF43CEEDADEA6F8C" authority="Yang, 1995" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1995" box="[199,681,1974,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Pseudandraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavamaculata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF43CEEDAD4C6F8C" box="[199,527,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Pseudandraca flavamaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FD9ACEEDADE26F8C" author="Yang" box="[542,673,1974,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Yang, Ch. (1995). Lepidoptera: Bombycidae. In: Insects of Baishanzu Mountain. Beijing, Science Press, 353 - 358 (in Chinese)." type="book chapter" year="1995">Yang, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE4FFFC5FF43CE80AD806FB3" blockId="11.[151,1435,1037,2034]" box="[199,707,2009,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE4FFFC5FF43CE80AD806FB3" authority="Yang, 1995" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1995" box="[199,707,2009,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Pseudandraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavamaculata" subSpecies="flavamaculata">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE4FFFC5FF43CE80AD696FB0" box="[199,554,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">P. flavamaculata flavamaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE4FFFC5FDBCCE82ADF86FB3" author="Yang" box="[568,699,2009,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" refString="Yang, Ch. (1995). Lepidoptera: Bombycidae. In: Insects of Baishanzu Mountain. Beijing, Science Press, 353 - 358 (in Chinese)." type="book chapter" year="1995">Yang, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE48FFC2FF43C9C2AC5268ED" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,785,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE48FFC2FF43C9C2AC5268ED" authority="Kishida &amp; Owada, 2000" authorityName="Kishida &amp; Owada" authorityYear="2000" box="[199,785,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Pseudandraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavamaculata" subSpecies="nabesan">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE48FFC2FF43C9C2AEA468F2" box="[199,487,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">P. flavamaculata nabesan</emphasis>
(Kishida &amp; Owada, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F36ACAE48FFC2FF43C9E6ABA9695E" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
Note that the recently described
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE48FFC2FDB7C9E7AB916896" authority="Wang X., Zeng &amp; Wang M. (2011)" authorityName="Wang X., Zeng &amp; Wang M." authorityYear="2011" box="[563,1234,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gongshanensis">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE48FFC2FDB7C9E7AC036896" box="[563,832,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Andraca gongshanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE48FFC2FCC3C9E6AB916896" box="[839,1234,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" refString="Wang, X., Zeng, L. &amp; Wang, M. (2011) The genus Andraca (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions [sic] of a new species. ZooKeys, 127, 29 - 42. DOI: 10.3897 / zookeys. 127.928." type="journal article">Wang X., Zeng &amp; Wang M. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="3887763CAE48FFC2FA9FC9E7AA226896" box="[1307,1377,188,212]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry>
, is in my opinion likely only a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE48FFC2FDCAC9BBAD8F68BA" box="[590,716,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacea">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE48FFC2FDCAC9BBAD8F68BA" box="[590,716,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">A. olivacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
if not a synonym of subspecies
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE48FFC2FBB7C9BBABDE68BA" box="[1075,1181,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">olivacens</emphasis>
. In addition, the status of
<taxonomicName id="87904D2FAE48FFC2FF31C85FAE56695E" box="[181,277,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Andraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE48FFC2FF31C85FAE56695E" box="[181,277,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Andraca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE48FFC2FEB6C85FAEA3695E" box="[306,480,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Chrypathemola</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72E4EABEAE48FFC2FE74C85FAD7A695E" box="[496,569,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">ravida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="24014B5DAE48FFC2FDCDC85FAD88695E" author="Yang" box="[585,715,260,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" refString="Yang, Ch. (1995). Lepidoptera: Bombycidae. In: Insects of Baishanzu Mountain. Beijing, Science Press, 353 - 358 (in Chinese)." type="book chapter" year="1995">Yang, 1995</bibRefCitation>
) is also doubtful, as the
<typeStatus id="9F2B880EAE48FFC2FC58C85EAB54695F" box="[988,1047,261,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
cannot be located.
</paragraph>
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117
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<emphasis id="8E0005A98938877442AE54DDE597EC20" bold="true" pageNumber="406">Cerinthe major</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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,
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1
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: 136. 1753
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.
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<paragraph id="69D8AD0E630BE269161E98C808E16B59" pageNumber="406">&quot;Habitat in Europa australi.&quot; RCN: 1100.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF55E1DED590B34D9427675E3EA5ECD5" pageNumber="406">
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(Verdcourt in Jarvis &amp; al.,
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127: 32. 1993): Herb. Clifford: 48,
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<emphasis id="BFA0CB1F9F3D289B63F308BADE1504FB" italics="true" pageNumber="406">Cerinthe</emphasis>
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2
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<typeStatus id="8A0A7C578E3BFCA4E947B8B679D5B3FA">Generitype</typeStatus>
of
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<emphasis id="1A7119BD9C3AB9E516CF9DD565F6A985" italics="true" pageNumber="406">Cerinthe</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(vide Hitchcock,
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<paragraph id="50BC640096AF1F768062860AADD8F75B" pageNumber="406">
Current name:
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<emphasis id="2A7F0ADD855F8068E22C5E5CB134B8AF" italics="true" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="672E2BBD46F28FF493002BDA7E1837E6" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="406">Cerinthe major</emphasis>
</emphasis>
L.
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(
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).
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<emphasis id="CC3E71EE9038E4F45B93D6288D681BD0" italics="true" pageNumber="406">Note:</emphasis>
Qaiser (in Jafri &amp; El-Gadi,
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68: 52. 1979) and
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(in
<emphasis id="19F29E6A092EAAFFA78A36269AECEE2D" italics="true" pageNumber="406">Lagascalia</emphasis>
10: 100. 1981) both indicated 186.1 (LINN) as type. However, this is a Brander collection from North Africa which was not received by Linnaeus until after 1753 and therefore cannot be original material for the name.
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[
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<paragraph pageNumber="682">C. testa subrotunda laevi, natibus recurvis, rima hiante.</paragraph>
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2.
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88.
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<emphasis italics="true">Rumph. mus. t.</emphasis>
48.
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10.
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71.
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<emphasis italics="true">Argenv. conch. t.</emphasis>
26.
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<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
M. Mediterraneo
<emphasis italics="true">rarius.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true">Testa crassa, laevis, subrotunda, exalbido-lutescens.</emphasis>
Nates evidentius, quam in reliquis, cornu arietis instar, oblique curvatae. Rima hians Nymphis nudis. Anus impressus, postice gibbus. Dentes cardinis utrinque duo, compressi.
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C839E2E42DB728305C5A50CF205D6C1E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231543098" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C839E2E42DB728305C5A50CF205D6C1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C839E2E42DB728305C5A50CF205D6C1E" lastPageNumber="870" pageNumber="870" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12800377">
<subSubSection id="CE35644F4D5AF58E29E6E4C554138CB8" pageNumber="870" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="13715EDEF450C9A8E40C6799B12F1D89" pageNumber="870">
<taxonomicName id="332BE90CFBCA676F54717C3674A3618E" ID-CoL="5LJ53" authority="(Richardson 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="umbrinus">
<emphasis id="8CF934C84F7515708BBF43E275CF6072" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="70325FD28025A015A0F49FEF8387884B" italics="true" pageNumber="870">umbrinus</emphasis>
(Richardson 1829)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEEAB9B156ACB703BC123E273E2BE14C" pageNumber="870" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="96CA8F8FF17860EB73E2E946CB9DF65A" pageNumber="870">
<treatmentCitation id="63869145F8A9F309B5EC407B1D4F7823" author="null" authority="(Richardson 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="202" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="umbrinus" title="Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus subsp. umbrinus" volumeTitle="Quadrupeds, in: Fauna Boreali-Americana, Vol. 1" year="-1">
<taxonomicName id="D83F4C7EA8E02052B3A548DF915BE6E8" ID-CoL="5LJ53" authority="(Richardson 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="umbrinus">
<emphasis id="7878483AE4DD2E7C09A19A5280F62C28" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="79CD0FD8759C62444E5228ADB8459291" italics="true" pageNumber="870">umbrinus</emphasis>
(Richardson 1829)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="70E6A02A3B6DC65F5515A90891C37D19" author="null" pageNumber="870" pagination="202" title="Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus subsp. umbrinus" volumeTitle="Quadrupeds, in: Fauna Boreali-Americana, Vol. 1" year="-1">Quadrupeds, in: Fauna Boreali-Americana, Vol. 1: 202</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0112B21CE40897E97CFECEAFB5CE19CE" pageNumber="870" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5F3CD1EE6488850811E0EA1B4D150F78" pageNumber="870">
<emphasis id="DCB4A11F47FDFD63D4E723CCCAEA25B0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="870">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2FBC4B5EB02842057C7E4C13098D189B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867332360" country="Mexico" pageNumber="870" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
Originally given as Cadadaguios, SW Louisiana, but restricted to
<collectingCountry id="B33D95FB9A69F8E2324EC093F9A1E33F" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="478E1AEAE4AD6BAE04BABE0E280D96BF" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
(probably
<collectingRegion id="060CEAD69FADFC5044EA23DF25025BBF" country="Mexico" name="Puebla">Puebla</collectingRegion>
), vicinity of Boca del Monte, by
<bibRefCitation id="07359DE1A8AA2017B59E3E7D2DD3315C" author="Bailey, V. E." refId="ref17640" refString="Bailey, V. E. 1906. Identity of Thomomys umbrinus (Richardson). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 19: 3 - 6." year="1906">Bailey (1906)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="63EE0417BDA37B6664B0860122025099" pageNumber="870" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="CCD9AD929F2F7989DD7AD32457282787" pageNumber="870">
<emphasis id="8D4F3DD219F6877500B7ECBCE2193E6D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="870">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7BF63CFA6173B72AE9E3D3339C71576B" authority="Nelson and Goldman 1934" authorityName="Nelson and Goldman" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="albigularis">
<emphasis id="4893190163D52B0AD42BCE69884C5313" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="3404D16700177A09CE4FDB798EEFBA68" italics="true" pageNumber="870">albigularis</emphasis>
Nelson and Goldman 1934
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FC276292A31B6F0BB6DE2222A2836014" authority="Nelson and Goldman 1934" authorityName="Nelson and Goldman" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="martinensis">
<emphasis id="CDA76FD991F113E28E7C930030214467" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="D7BC57335806AB5CE3406F08F6AD91B9" italics="true" pageNumber="870">martinensis</emphasis>
Nelson and Goldman 1934
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D74D85A13557395839D49525B7C9D8D7" authority="Merriam 1893" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="orizabae">
<emphasis id="8B8988E2E7E52ED41E4A28A478B2F698" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="8994F77298C362BCB094A612A3AA0452" italics="true" pageNumber="870">orizabae</emphasis>
Merriam 1893
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="1166CE794E5AF70A20F6CA815F46C9B6" authority="Merriam 1893" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="25A354026CC1E549AE7273FA293325F3" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B1EB280138BFD39785F91427C26362BD" italics="true" pageNumber="870">peregrinus</emphasis>
Merriam 1893
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A0BC6E4ACF7B7E3856A8C580ACEF503C" authority="Nelson and Goldman 1934" authorityName="Nelson and Goldman" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="tolucae">
<emphasis id="4543AB7D8EB4F2C8FAE27F554BE9CD8F" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="D400642562BC0CEBF0D7D765FADA5757" italics="true" pageNumber="870">tolucae</emphasis>
Nelson and Goldman 1934
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2B70DE962B862865707FAEAD750BB76E" authority="Nelson and Goldman 1934" authorityName="Nelson and Goldman" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="870" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="umbrinus" subGenus="Megascapheus" subSpecies="vulcanius">
<emphasis id="EBEC8FE656D48A02DB1E98E78FAE162A" italics="true" pageNumber="870">Thomomys (Megascapheus) umbrinus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="1EC509A88F8EB77F04C8EDCBFC4196A3" italics="true" pageNumber="870">vulcanius</emphasis>
Nelson and Goldman 1934
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>