diff --git a/data/01/43/94/014394BA6F6A517583792154521426AF.xml b/data/01/43/94/014394BA6F6A517583792154521426AF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02b03fb8905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/01/43/94/014394BA6F6A517583792154521426AF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa tarda
+Stapf, Bot. Mag.
+
+156: t. 9321 (1933).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 40
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Cultivated •
+
+Bulbs sent to
+Firma Van Tubergen
+, originally from
+Iran
+(Urmia) in 1928. A preserved flower from the
+Van Tubergen
+garden and associated original illustration are labeled as presented by the Editor of the Botanical Magazine to the Kew Herbarium (K)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+, and
+Kyrgyzstan
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau. This species grows on stony-gravelly and rocky slopes, steppe areas and thickets of shrubs in the lower mountain belt.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species has not yet been assessed. It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+formally synonymized
+
+T. tarda
+
+into a taxon with the older name
+
+T. urumiensis
+Stapf
+
+when revising the genus. However, the name
+
+T. tarda
+
+has become entrenched in literature, horticultural trade, and conservation assessments, leading to nomenclatural destabilization and confusion. For these reasons, it has been suggested that the name
+
+T. urumiensis
+
+should be rejected so that
+
+T. tarda
+
+becomes the correct name for this species (
+Christenhusz and Wilson 2022
+).
+
+Tulipa tarda
+
+is endemic in northern Tien-Shan and grows in the western part of the Zailiyskiy Alatau ridge and adjacent regions of northern
+Kyrgyzstan
+, i. e., the valley of the Chu and Chon-Kemin rivers with the adjacent northern slopes of the Kyrgyz ridge and Kungey Alatau (
+Tolenova et al. 2021
+).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/05/CC/A8/05CCA8E13623596D93365FE4F237A79B.xml b/data/05/CC/A8/05CCA8E13623596D93365FE4F237A79B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b1ef8470ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/05/CC/A8/05CCA8E13623596D93365FE4F237A79B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+
+
+
+Integrative review of Xylomoia strix, X. retinax and X. stangelmaieri (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae, Apameini)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Haverinen, Risto
+0000-0001-8072-847X
+Ripako Oy, Vantaa, Finland & Estonian Society of Lepidopterologists, Tallinn, Estonia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pototski, Aleksander
+0000-0002-1843-3627
+Estonian Society of Lepidopterologists, Tallinn, Estonia & Lasnamäe Gymnasium, Tallinn, Estonia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mutanen, Marko
+0000-0003-4464-6308
+Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, P. O. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mikalauskas, Darius
+https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2145-8747
+Lithuanian Entomological Society, Akademijos str. 2, 08412 Vilnius- 21, Lithuania
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Yakovlev, Roman V.
+0000-0001-9512-8709
+Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Tomsk State University, Lenina pr. 36, RUS- 634050 Tomsk, Russia & Western Caspian University, Istiglaliyyat Street, 31. Baku 1001, Azerbaijan & Samarkand State University, University blv. 15, 140104 Samarkand, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Müller, Günter C.
+0000-0002-7024-0179
+University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali & Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Kalman Ya’akov Man St., 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Prozorov, Alexey M.
+0000-0002-5668-0741
+University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali & Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner str. 2, D- 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany & Bavarian Natural History Collections (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausen str. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Saldaitis, Aidas
+0000-0003-0999-3996
+Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, 08412 Vilnius- 21, Lithuania
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+1221
+
+
+309
+342
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1221.132205
+29DE1440-2C8F-4B06-A9F9-78494E587455
+
+
+
+
+
+Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri
+Mikkola, 1998
+
+stat. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 2
+,
+5–10
+,
+42–45
+,
+69–71
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri
+
+Mikkola, 1998
+:
+Systematic Entomology
+23: 182.
+TL
+: “ N
+Italy
+, Venezia Giulia, Caorle. ”
+Holotype
+male,
+
+ZMHF
+
+[examined].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Distinguished from
+
+X. strix strix
+
+by somewhat narrower dark field on forewings and from
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+by actual presence of this dark field (Figs
+5–10
+) and fold of ductus bursae (Figs
+69–71
+); from both subspecies by bigger pollex in male genitalia (Figs
+42
+,
+43
+,
+45
+) and genetically, having an average
+p
+- distance of 1.89 % from
+
+X. strix strix
+
+and 1.75 % from
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+. Average
+p
+- distance between
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+and
+
+X. graminea
+
+is 2.28 %,
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+and
+
+X. chagnoni
+
+, 6.77 %,
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+and
+
+X. indirecta
+
+, 8.06 % (Fig.
+90
+). Very local, so far found only on the Adriatic coast near Venice in northern
+Italy
+(Figs
+91
+,
+92
+).
+
+
+
+
+Variability.
+
+
+Adults.
+Forewings may have reddish (Figs
+5–8
+) or greyish tinge (Fig.
+10
+), submarginal field may be paler (Figs
+6
+,
+7
+,
+9
+,
+10
+) or darker in color (Figs
+5
+,
+8
+).
+Male genitalia.
+Uncus may gradually narrow towards apex (Fig.
+44
+) or be narrow only near its apex (Figs
+42
+,
+43
+,
+45
+), pollex may be barely noticeable (Fig.
+44
+) or well pronounced (Figs
+42
+,
+43
+,
+45
+), saccus may be narrow (Figs
+42
+,
+43
+) or wide (Figs
+44
+,
+45
+), carina vary in size from small (Fig.
+42
+) to large (Fig.
+44
+), basal cornutus vary in size from small (Fig.
+44
+) to large (Fig.
+43
+), medial cornutus may be straight (Fig.
+43
+) or curved (Figs
+42
+,
+44
+,
+45
+).
+Female genitalia.
+Antevaginal plate may be narrow (Fig.
+71
+) or thick (Fig.
+70
+), bursa copulatrix may be narrow around connection with ductus bursae (Fig.
+71
+); bursa copulatrix may have one (Fig.
+70
+), two (Fig.
+69
+), or three (Fig.
+71
+) frontal signa; hind signum slightly varies in size.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/07/15/65/07156501204C5E059B7A34ECA1FF2FAF.xml b/data/07/15/65/07156501204C5E059B7A34ECA1FF2FAF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3c879601af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/07/15/65/07156501204C5E059B7A34ECA1FF2FAF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa jansii
+J. J. de Groot & Zonn., Int. Rock Gard.
+
+168: 1 (2024)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 25
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+•
+
+Wild collected material from the
+Ily Valley
+north of
+
+Kapchagay.
+
+J. J. de Groot and
+B. J. M. Zonneveld
+
+
+(
+holotype
+L 4513065)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Balkhash-Alakol and Dzungarian Alatau. This species grows on dry, stony slopes at the foot of mountains.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+T. jansii
+
+was recently described from the Ili River valley north of Kapchagai (
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2024
+). This species was named after Harry Jans, a famous world traveler. The main difference between
+
+T. jansii
+
+and other representatives of
+
+T. sect.
+Kolpakowskianae
+
+is the pear-shaped bulb with stolons, non-elongated tunic without fibers, narrower lanceolate leaves and narrow, almost straight filaments (
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa jansii
+
+in Kazakhstan, general habits. (Photos by J. J. de Groot).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/09/80/F1/0980F1E3D12C599DAC9F573009C86873.xml b/data/09/80/F1/0980F1E3D12C599DAC9F573009C86873.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b63bd84540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/09/80/F1/0980F1E3D12C599DAC9F573009C86873.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolbintsevii
+Zonn., Pl. Syst. Evol.
+
+298: 1294 (2012)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 27
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+•
+
+Grown in
+the Netherlands
+from material collected at Dzjungarian Ala-Tau,
+Taskora Valley
+, cult.
+
+J. J. de Groot
+
+(
+holotype
+L 0821329!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Dzungarian Alatau. This species grows among shrubs at an altitude of
+650 m
+a. s. l.
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolbintsevii
+
+is an endangered species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – June; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolbintsevii
+
+was described from the cultural collection of J. J. de Groot in
+the Netherlands
+, collected from Taskora Valley,
+650 m
+from Dzjungarian Ala-Tau,
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Zonneveld and de Groot 2012
+). The main difference between
+
+T. kolbintsevii
+
+and other
+
+Tulipa
+species
+
+in the section
+
+Biflores
+
+is that the sepals have a pilose margin at the base rather than a pilose band. This species was named in honor of V. Kolbintsev, who guided the expedition leading to discovery (
+Zonneveld and de Groot 2012
+).
+
+Tulipa kolbintsevii
+
+is diploid, with a 48.0 pg genome size, smaller than that of other species in
+
+T. sect.
+Biflores
+
+, ranging from 51.5 to 76.3 pg (
+Zonneveld 2009
+). The distribution of this species is poorly studied, and known from only two localities, including “ locus classicus ”.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolbentsevii
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A
+general habits
+B
+flowers. (Photos:
+A, B
+by Zh. Nurgozhanova and V. Epiktetov).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/0D/28/DC/0D28DC0015D353179EEF8305937B023A.xml b/data/0D/28/DC/0D28DC0015D353179EEF8305937B023A.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aeac27a6a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/0D/28/DC/0D28DC0015D353179EEF8305937B023A.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa dasystemonoides
+Vved., Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ.
+
+21: 147 (1935)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 17
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• ‘
+Altai Talac’
+,
+
+11 June 1909
+
+,
+Minkwitz 1365
+(
+holotype
+LE!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Kyrgyz Alatau, and Western Tian Shan. This species grows in meadows in the alpine belt of mountains and is sometimes found at the lower limit of the sub-alpine belt.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in May – June; fruiting in June – August.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa dasystemonoides
+
+was described by A. I. Vvedensky in 1935, based on herbarium material collected from the valley of the Maidantal River in Talas Alatau.
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+referred to
+
+T. dasystemonoides
+
+as being synonymous of
+
+T. dasystemon
+
+. However,
+
+T dasystemonoides
+
+is distinguished from
+
+T. dasystemon
+
+primarily by its dense woolly bulb sheaths and cream-colored flowers (
+Vvedensky 1935
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+). In addition, the two species have different genome sizes (57.7 pg for
+
+T. dasystemonoides
+
+and 51.5 pg for
+
+T. dasystemon
+
+) (
+Zonneveld 2009
+). Therefore, we propose that
+
+T. dasystemonoides
+
+is an independent species.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/0E/62/AB/0E62ABB62E4753418B77AC97810086CD.xml b/data/0E/62/AB/0E62ABB62E4753418B77AC97810086CD.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..864a034ebce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/0E/62/AB/0E62ABB62E4753418B77AC97810086CD.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa iliensis
+Regel, Gartenflora
+
+28: 162 (1879)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 23
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kyrgyzstan
+. ‘ Sarybulak’,
+23 Apr 1878
+,
+A. Regel
+(
+lectotype
+P- 00730916;
+isolectotype
+BM) [
+lectotype
+designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 315
+].
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+, and
+China
+(NW-Xinjiang) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Ketmen, and Terskey Alatau. This species grows on steppe slopes and among shrubs in the altitude range of
+1300–1500 m
+a. s. l.
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa iliensis
+
+is near threatened species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa iliensis
+
+was described by E. L. Regel in 1879 based on collections by A. Regel from the upper reaches of the Ile River. This species is morphologically similar to
+
+T. altaica
+
+, differing by the appressed hair-like pubescence at the apex and base of the bulb sheaths and linear (linear-lanceolate) leaves with a flat margin (
+Vvedensky 1935
+).
+Van Raamsdonk and De Vries (1995)
+listed
+
+T. iliensis
+
+and
+
+T. kolpakowskiana
+
+as synonyms of
+
+T. altaica
+
+. However, this species is recognized as independent according to the latest classifications of the genus
+
+Tulipa
+
+(
+Zonneveld 2009
+;
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+).
+
+Tulipa iliensis
+
+,
+
+T. kolpakowskiana
+
+,
+
+T. altaica
+
+, and
+
+T. thianschanica
+
+are closely related species, as confirmed by molecular genetic data (
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Li et al. 2021
+). The main range of
+
+T. iliensis
+
+is in
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+) (
+Qin et al. 2024
+). In
+Kazakhstan
+, only a few localities of this species are known on the Ketmen Terskey Alatau.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa iliensis
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A
+general habits
+B
+stem with short pubescences and leaves with flat edge. (Photos:
+A, B
+by V. Epiktetov).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/1B/FE/BB/1BFEBB181DCA58DEB18D016D8A8247C3.xml b/data/1B/FE/BB/1BFEBB181DCA58DEB18D016D8A8247C3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a8365e1d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/1B/FE/BB/1BFEBB181DCA58DEB18D016D8A8247C3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina nigromaculata
+(
+Brunetti, 1929
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 31
+,
+51
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atrichops nigromaculata
+
+Brunetti, 1929: 1
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina nigromaculata
+
+
+:
+
+Stuckenberg 1960: 293
+
+, fig. 87;
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+material examined.
+
+
+
+[from digital photographs]
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Zimbabwe
+•
+
+1 ♂
+Sawmills, S.
+Rhodesia
+;
+
+26 Dec. 1919
+
+; [
+
+19 ° 34.998 ' S
+28 ° 01.986 ' E
+
+,
+
+1059 masl
+
+]
+Rhodesia
+Museum
+;
+Presented
+by the
+Imperial Bureau of Entomology
+,
+British Museum
+1929–48;
+
+Atrichops nigromaculata
+Brun
+
+Type
+♂
+, det.
+E. Brunetti
+1926;
+
+Holotype
+
+
+Atrichops nigromaculata
+Brunetti
+
+det.
+J. E. Chainey
+1981 (
+
+NHMUK
+014064156
+
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+The male (Fig.
+31
+) of the species has a general orange-yellow appearance with darker pleura and scutum (female unknown). The abdomen is mostly orange-yellow, however, tergites 1 and 2 have dark brown median vittae, with tergites 2 and 3 with lateral markings as well. The species is most similar so
+
+S. binominata
+
+(see
+
+S. binominata
+
+diagnosis) and, to a lesser extent,
+
+S. monogramma
+
+(see below).
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+
+The original description of the male by
+Brunetti (1929: 1)
+is brief, and the description was published posthumously along with other species found in his manuscript papers. The original description also lacks certain key characters, such as the presence of a presutural spot. This led to
+Stuckenberg (1960: 293)
+proposing that should the male have this spot, then
+
+S. nigromaculata
+
+may in fact be a synonym of
+
+S. monogramma
+
+.
+
+
+Upon examination of the provided male
+type
+photographs during the current revision, it was found that the
+type
+does not have the aforementioned presutural spot in the notopleural area; additionally, several characters not mentioned in the original description easily distinguish it from the male of
+
+S. monogramma
+
+(see diagnosis), and the species is here regarded as valid. A redescription of the male
+type
+from Saw-Mills,
+Zimbabwe
+follows, based on digital photographs provided by the
+
+NHMUK
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+36
+).
+
+
+
+Measurements
+(n = 1): Wing span:
+5.2 mm
+; body length:
+7.2 mm
+; wing span to body length ratio: 0.72.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+
+
+(Based on digital photographs of
+♂
+Holotype
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Brown colour, with silver-white pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye with slight indentation; ocellar tubercle slightly more elevated than frons, black in colour with some short pale setulae; vertex silver-white pruinose, apparently rubbed bare; anterior ocellus larger than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye (
+♀
+unknown); dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired narrow subtriangular dark brown, almost black markings with pale setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with short pale setulae on dorsal margin and on rest of upper surface, lower occiput with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have similar pale ventral setulae; frons silver-white up to narrow area before eyes touch when viewed dorsally, dark velvety-brown when viewed anteriorly; frons at narrowest ca 0.5 × width of anterior ocellus, widening towards antennal base; frons bare; face and gena silver-white with pale setulae, clypeus dark brown with silver-white pruinosity, bare; face separated from clypeus by a prominent, deep suture on anterior and lateral edges; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 1 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove; scape, pedicel, 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brownish; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, only slightly larger than pedicel and scape; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; scape and pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae of similar size, palpus orange-yellow, well-developed, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis orange-yellow with long pale setulae, some long dark setulae ventrally; some scattered small dark setulae on proboscis and palpus.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Orange-yellow ground colour; median dorsal surface of scutum and scutellum with short pale setulae, remainder of thorax with longer pale setulae, especially on pleura and lateral surface of scutellum; postsutural setulae similar to presutural setulae, except for longer prescutellar setulae; postpronotal lobe orange-yellow with long pale setulae; scutum mostly dark brown with slight median greyish pruinosity; postalar wall and callus appearing orange-yellow; scutellum almost entirely orange-yellow except for darker basal margin; pleura brown in colour in colour except for posterior of anepisternum that is orange-yellow; anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite lightly silver-white dusted; notopleuron orange-yellow with long pale setulae; anterior spiracle bare posteriorly; area surrounding posterior spiracle brown, postspiracular scale brown, similar to majority of pleura; proepisternum, pronotum brownish; proepimeron, proepisternum with pale setulae, anepisternum with pale setulae; katatergite with pale setulae; rest of pleura bare.
+
+
+Legs
+: Coxae orange-yellow; fore and mid coxae with long pale setulae on surface, hind coxa with long pale setulae on anterior and lateral apical edges, and with well-developed anterior apical point; all trochanters same orange-yellow colour as rest of body with some scattered short pale setulae; all femora uniformly orange-yellow; mid and hind femora with small anterior apical dark mark; fore tibia and tarsi reddish-brown, mid and hind tibiae orange-yellow; mid and hind tarsi orange-yellow; terminal fore tarsi missing; fore and mid femora covered with pale setulae on all surfaces except for dorso-apical surface with short dark setulae, hind femur with mixed long pale and dark setulae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, basally with long pale setulae, anteriorly with short setulae and posteriorly with longer setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; remaining fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and mid tibiae covered in short dark setulae, hind tibia with longer dark setulae; combined length of hind tarsal segments subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+51
+): Overall slight light brown suffused appearance; with a slightly yellow-brown stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; veins light brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere orange-yellow, slightly infuscated apically, with very short dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Overall orange-yellow colour; tergites 1 and 2 with broad dark brown median vittae, tergite 3 with dark marking on anterior two-thirds; tergite 2 additionally with dark brown lateral markings; tergites with short black setulae on medial-dorsal surfaces, laterally with longer dark setulae; sternites orange-yellow with dark markings and with pale setulae; tergite 1 with weak median longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+: Entirely orange-yellow in colour; epandrium (damaged) and cercus with dark setulae, hypandrium with dark setulae; terminalia not dissected.
+
+
+Female.
+Unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Zimbabwe
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/24/AC/80/24AC80C5FBD0521D8A9974C66A876FB7.xml b/data/24/AC/80/24AC80C5FBD0521D8A9974C66A876FB7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2b87294348a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/24/AC/80/24AC80C5FBD0521D8A9974C66A876FB7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa biflora
+Pall., Reise Russ. Reich.
+
+3: 727 (1776)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 11
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Russia
+• Described from southern
+Russia
+,
+Pallas
+(
+lectotype
+BW 000528948) [
+lectotype
+designated by
+Eker et al. 2014
+].
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Uzbekistan
+(Northern Ustyurt),
+China
+(northern part), the south of
+Russia
+, Transcaucasia, and Crimea (
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Aktobe, Aral region, Betpak-Dala, Bukeev, Caspian region, Eastern Upland, Karkaraly, Mugojary, Northern Ustyrt, Turgay, Western Upland, and Zaysan. It grows on solonetz, clay steppe, and desert areas and less often on the stony and rubbly slopes of hills.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa biflora
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+,
+D
+flower
+E
+tepals
+F
+gynoecium
+G
+stamens
+H
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A – H
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment. It is included in the red book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+I
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+The species was described in 1776 by P. S. Pallas from specimens collected from the Caspian deserts. The location of the
+type
+specimens is unknown (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). According to the latest system of
+
+Tulipa
+(
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+)
+
+, many species from the section
+
+Biflores
+A. D. Hall ex Veldkamp & Zonn.
+
+, including
+
+T. buhseana
+
+and
+
+T. sogdiana
+
+, are considered synonyms of the
+
+T. biflora
+s. l.
+
+complex. However, we propose that
+
+T. buhseana
+
+and
+
+T. sogdiana
+
+should be considered independent taxa based on their complex morphological characteristics, ecology, and distribution range. In addition, these taxa were arranged in a separate clade from
+
+T. biflora
+
+in the phylogenetic tree (Fig.
+3
+). The southern boundaries of the
+
+T. biflora
+
+range in
+Kazakhstan
+from west to east pass through the Northern Ustyurt, Aral region, Sarysu region sands, and the northern Balkhash region.
+Perezhogin (2013)
+considered the reports of
+
+T. biflora
+
+from Tobol-Ishim and Turgay erroneous. In his opinion,
+
+T. biflora
+
+was replaced with
+
+T. auliekolica
+
+. Given that it is impossible to distinguish
+
+T. biflora
+
+from
+
+T. auliekolica
+
+based on herbarium material, it is impossible to confirm or deny this statement.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/25/28/58/25285871BE2A5A04A611FB5E8E031411.xml b/data/25/28/58/25285871BE2A5A04A611FB5E8E031411.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e35c03c6792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/25/28/58/25285871BE2A5A04A611FB5E8E031411.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa orthopoda
+Vved., Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii
+
+2: 320 (1971)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 33
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+•
+Turkestan
+,
+
+5 April 1930
+
+,
+
+Lipschitz
+&
+Pavlov
+32
+
+(
+holotype
+TASH!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Karatau, Western Tian Shan. This species grows in clay, gravel and stony slopes of the lowlands.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa orthopoda
+
+is a vulnerable species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa orthopoda
+
+is a narrowly localized endemic species to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kamelin 1990
+). This species was first mentioned by
+Vvedensky (1935)
+in Flora of the USSR in a note on
+
+T. bifloriformis
+Tulip
+
+specimens from Karatau are reportedly characterized by drooping buds, lower height, and more pubescent leaves. A detailed description in Latin was first published in
+1971 in
+the Conspectus Florae Asiae Mediae (
+Vvedensky and Kovalevskaya 1971
+).
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+reported that
+
+T. orthopoda
+
+is a synonym of
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+; however, later indicated that it deserves recognition. According to
+Zonneveld (2009)
+, the genome size of
+
+T. orthopoda
+
+is 59.3 pg, while that of
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+is 56.6 pg. This difference was sufficient to distinguish between two representatives of the same group (
+Everett et al. 2013
+).
+Wilson (2023)
+listed
+
+T. orthopoda
+
+as an independent taxon in his updated list of recognized tulip species. We agree that
+
+T. orthopoda
+
+should be recognized as an independent taxon based on several morphological characteristics and different flowering times (
+
+T. orthopoda
+
+flowers earlier than
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa orthopoda
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+flower
+D
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A, C
+by V. Epiktetov;
+B, D
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/27/A1/7D/27A17D87B0915FCE952402FEE4428E31.xml b/data/27/A1/7D/27A17D87B0915FCE952402FEE4428E31.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ee3ab6c9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/27/A1/7D/27A17D87B0915FCE952402FEE4428E31.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa turgaica
+Perezhogin, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.
+
+45: 145 (2014).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 42
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• Prov. Kostanay,
+Zhangeldin distr.
+, pag.
+Turgay
+,
+
+2 May 2009
+
+,
+
+Yu. Perezhogin
+
+(LE)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Aktobe, and Turgay. This species grows on dry, deserted clay steppes.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa turgaica
+
+was first invalidly described in 2013 by Yu. V. Perezhogin from Northern
+Kazakhstan
+(Turgai) and validated in 2014. This species is morphologically similar to
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+but differs by several flowers and grows in drier habitats (
+Perezhogin 2013
+). Some taxonomists classified
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+as a synonym of the widespread European
+
+T. sylvestris subsp. australis
+
+(
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+). When we studied populations of
+
+T. turgaica
+
+from the
+type
+locality, a high frequency of plants with several flowers was not observed. Individuals with 2–3 flowers were found in the population. However,
+
+T. turgaica
+
+differs morphologically from mesophytic
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+in that it does not exhibit vegetative propagation and does not form lateral stolons like
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+. Further studies are required to investigate the taxonomy of these species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa turgaica
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C, D
+flowers
+E
+tepals
+F
+bulbs. (Photos:
+A – F
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/28/4A/DE/284ADE7007025B459065B3C7DFF2AF01.xml b/data/28/4A/DE/284ADE7007025B459065B3C7DFF2AF01.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16b2dff3510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/28/4A/DE/284ADE7007025B459065B3C7DFF2AF01.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa brachystemon
+Regel, Gartenflora
+
+323 (1882).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 14
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+•
+
+Illustration t. 1099, f.
+2 in
+Gartenflora
+31 (1882) [
+lectotype
+designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 325
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Dzungarian Alatau. It grows on stony, rubbly slopes of the lower and middle belt of mountains in Dzungarian Alatau (up to
+1700 m
+a. s. l.).
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa brachystemon
+
+is a least concern species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the red book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa brachystemon
+
+was described by E. L. Regel in 1882, without the precise location of the
+type
+specimens. The LE herbarium contains collections of A. E. Regel from Schengeldy (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+
+Tulipa brachystemon
+
+is listed as a synonym of
+
+T. tetraphylla
+
+in
+POWO (2024
+) and according to
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+and
+Everett et al. (2013)
+. However,
+Zonneveld (2009)
+distinguished
+
+T. brachystemon
+
+as an independent taxon based on DNA barcoding. In addition,
+
+T. brachystemon
+
+and
+
+T. tetraphylla
+
+clustered in different clades based on our phylogenetic tree (Fig.
+3
+). Thus, we consider it necessary to conduct further morphology and phylogeny studies to resolve the taxonomies of these two species.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/2A/09/AA/2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB.xml b/data/2A/09/AA/2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a47e3b34cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/2A/09/AA/2A09AA550318500794236F0E3255F9FB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina bilobata
+Muller
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 3
+,
+13
+,
+39
+,
+77
+
+
+
+
+On the material.
+
+
+The type series of specimens available for this new species are in poor condition as these come from long-term Malaise samples, with the most complete specimen missing its 1
+st
+flagellomere (present in other more damaged specimens), and all specimens exhibiting some loss of setation on the head, body and legs. In the description missing setulae are recorded as unknown (referring to the unknown characteristics such as length or colour), but the alveoli are present. While it is not ideal to designate a
+holotype
+and
+paratypes
+from material in this state, it should be taken into account that procurement of additional material from
+Madagascar
+is not viable due to the highly seasonal nature of
+Athericidae
+adults and the prohibitively expensive nature of performing fieldwork in
+Madagascar
+. The forests of
+Madagascar
+are threatened by deforestation (e. g.
+Harper et al. 2007
+), with Ranomafana National Park being one of the largest remaining primary rainforests in
+Madagascar
+(
+Torppa et al. 2020
+). Describing and identifying endemic species could contribute to its conservation. This species is thus far the only species of
+
+Suragina
+
+that does not have a reniform 1
+st
+flagellomere, instead it is bilobate and c-shaped (Fig.
+13 a
+). It was also briefly mentioned by
+Woodley (2017: 888)
+. Woodley regarded the specimens as
+
+Suragina
+
+, and viewed the 1
+st
+flagellomere shape as “ a highly autapomorphic antennal flagellum ”. In all other regards,
+
+S. bilobata
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+possesses characters unique to
+
+Suragina
+
+: the frons velvety-black on upper half and silver-grey on lower half in combination with hind coxa having a well-developed anterior apical point, and generally slender and elongated legs. Given the unique antennal characters and contrasting black and orange colouration of this species, there is little doubt that any future specimens collected will be easily attributable to
+
+S. bilobata
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Madagascar
+•
+1 ♀
+;
+Fianarantsoa Province
+;
+Ranomafana National Park
+, radio tower;
+
+21 ° 15.05 ' S
+,
+47 ° 24.43 ' E
+
+;
+
+1127 masl
+
+;
+
+23–30 Apr. 2002
+
+;
+M. E. Irwin
+,
+R. Harin’Hala
+leg.;
+Malaise
+in open area nr forest edge;
+
+CSCA
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+:
+2 ♀
+; same data as
+Holotype
+;
+
+CSCA
+
+.
+
+
+Holotype
+and
+paratypes
+deposited in
+
+CSCA
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+
+Suragina bilobata
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+has its 1
+st
+antennal flagellomere uniquely bilobed, or c-shaped (Fig.
+13 a
+), contrasting to the typical reniform shape found in other Afrotropical
+Athericidae
+. The overall appearance of the species is reminiscent of other dark Afrotropical species (e. g.
+
+Suragina bezzii
+
+), but the combination of the antennal shape, and wing with a dark stigma, substigmal marking, and hyaline band before apical brown suffusion makes it easy to distinguish from all other known species.
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♀
+n = 1): Wing span:
+8.1 mm
+; body length:
+8.9 mm
+; wing span to body length ratio: 1.03.
+
+
+Male.
+Unknown.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+13
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation; ocellar tubercle elevated, visible in profile, same velvety-black as upper half of frons, surface setulae unknown; vertex bluish-grey pruinose, with dark setulae; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye with paired dark markings; occiput with same bluish-grey pruinosity as rest of head; paired black markings with unknown setulae on upper occiput running down to near occipital foramen, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput otherwise with pale setulae; lower occiput lateral marginal setulae unknown, with long pale setulae medially, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have mix of pale and dark ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening towards antennal base; frons setulae unknown; face with silver-white pruinosity and gena bluish-grey, face with a mix of pale and dark setulae, genal setulae unknown; clypeus with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, with deeper sutures laterally; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5–0.75 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel, and 1
+st
+flagellomere dark brown with some whitish pruinosity, 2
+nd
+flagellomere dark brown; scape and pedicel of similar size; 1
+st
+flagellomere bilobate, c-shaped (Fig.
+13 a
+), upper lobe ca 2 × length of scape and pedicel combined, lower lobe ca 3 × length of scape and pedicel combined; 1
+st
+flagellomere lobes covered on all surfaces with pale setulae that are as long as lobes are wide; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, with dark setulae throughout, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis dark brown with some whitish pruinosity on prementum, dorsal setulae unknown, ventrally with short dark setulae and some scattered longer pale setulae.
+
+
+Thorax
+(Fig.
+3
+): Scutum shining black with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum to before scutellum, ending in a large bluish-grey pruinose posterior patch; pronotum bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; postpronotal lobe dark brown, slightly bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; notopleuron bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae just behind postpronotal lobe and rest of surface with dark setulae; postalar wall and postalar callus brown with bluish-grey pruinosity; scutellum uniform black with slight bluish-grey pruinosity; scutum setulae unknown; majority of pleura bluish-grey pruinose, except for anatergite and anepimeron yellowish-brown; all pleura that are bluish-grey pruinose have long pale setulae; anepimeron with long pale setulae, anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings brownish-yellow, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown; postscutellum black with slight bluish-grey pruinosity.
+
+
+Legs
+: All coxae dark brown bluish-grey pruinosity on surface; fore and hind coxae with pale setulae, fore coxa with short dark setulae at apex, mid coxa with dark setulae on anterior apical surface, and inner and outer lateral surfaces, interspersed with some pale setulae; hind coxa with pale setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with longer pale setulae; all trochanters glossy black with short pale setulae; fore femur yellow with extreme basal and apical margins appearing shiny dark brown to black; mid femur similar to fore femur, except basal area dark brown, this basal area similar in length to trochanter; hind femur dark brown on basal half to two-thirds; all tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black; fore tarsal claws, empodium and pulvilli unknown; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; leg setation mostly unknown; all femora apparently with a mix of short pale and dark setulae; all tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; combined length of hind tarsal segments subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+39
+): Dark brown stigma over apex of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cells
+sc
+,
+
+r
+1
+
+, base of cell
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+, crossvein
+r – m
+, bases of discal cell, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+and apex of cell
+br
+; cell
+bm
+with similar dark substigmal marking medially and apically, otherwise hyaline; vein
+CuA
+with a dark marking along length; entirety of cells
+
+m
+1
+
+and
+
+m
+2
+
+, apex of cell
+
+m
+3
+
+, apical half of cell
+
+r
+5
+
+, apical two-thirds of cell
+
+r
+4
+
+and apical half of cell
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+brown suffused; rest of wing hyaline; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk light brown, knob darker brown, with some short and dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Tergite 1 with bluish-grey pruinosity on anterolateral margins, medially with a dark marking and a longitudinal suture; tergites 2–4 with a triangular dark marking, narrowing towards posterior with posterior and lateral margins of each segment with bluish-grey pruinosity; tergite 5 and onwards a deep orange colour, with posterior margin appearing darker; sternites 1–4 dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, sternites 5 and onwards orange-yellow; setation unknown.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+77
+): Cercus dark orange-brown with pale setulae; genital fork has distal apodeme apically expanded with truncated appearance, without a clear fork, median lobe with shallow apical emargination, paired apical lobes with expanded appearance, inner edge with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three oval-shaped, apically rounded spermathecae, sclerotised, short and stout.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+From the Latin “ bi ”, two and “ lobatus ”, having lobes; named for the unique bilobed or c-shaped 1
+st
+flagellomere. Feminine noun in the nominative singular case.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Madagascar
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/2F/C9/D5/2FC9D5FD4A0B528482E49493789FECF8.xml b/data/2F/C9/D5/2FC9D5FD4A0B528482E49493789FECF8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17ffa88e4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/2F/C9/D5/2FC9D5FD4A0B528482E49493789FECF8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina pauliani
+Stuckenberg, 1965
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 32
+,
+33
+,
+52
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina pauliani
+
+Stuckenberg, 1965: 96
+, figs 1, 2, 5, 6, 9–11;
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material not examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Madagascar
+:
+1 ♂
+; [Vakinankaratra Region];
+Manjakatompo Forest Station
+[Ankaratra Massif]; [
+
+19 ° 21.00 ' S
+,
+47 ° 18.00 ' E
+
+];
+
+1700 masl
+
+;
+
+Jan. 1956
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+leg.; (
+
+PBZT
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+:
+Madagascar
+:
+1 ♂
+; Ambatolampy District [Vakinankaratra];
+Madagascar
+Centre, Col de Mahafompeno [Mahafompona Pass]; [
+
+19 ° 23.97 ' S
+,
+47 ° 15.018 ' E
+
+];
+2200–2400 masl
+;
+11–15 Dec. 1957
+; B. R. Stuckenberg leg.; [on yellow bordered label:
+Paratype
+
+Suragina pauliani
+Stuckenberg, 1965
+
+];
+
+NMSA
+
+- DIP 028172) (
+
+NMSA
+
+).
+1 ♂
+2 ♀
+; [Vakinankaratra]; Ankaratra Massif, Manjakatompo Forest Station; [
+
+19 ° 21.00 ' S
+,
+47 ° 18.00 ' E
+
+];
+1700 masl
+;
+Jan. 1956
+; B. R. Stuckenberg leg.; (
+♂
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+- DIP 028173;
+2 ♀
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+- DIP 028174, 158441) (
+
+NMSA
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+A more compact and hirsute species compared to other Afrotropical
+
+Suragina
+
+. The males have the head narrowly dichoptic, with the frons distinctly velvety-black in appearance, much like in females.
+
+Suragina pauliani
+
+has its thorax brown for the most part, the abdomen orange-yellow with dark subtriangular dorsal and elongated lateral markings throughout. It differs from the other two Madagascan endemics in colouration:
+
+S. milloti
+
+is a mostly orange-yellow species and a comparatively more slender species, whereas
+
+S. bilobata
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+is a blackish species with a unique bilobed 1
+st
+flagellomere.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+
+
+Measurements
+: Wing span:
+♂
+6.6–7.5 mm
+;
+♀
+7.8–7.9 mm
+; body length:
+♂
+7.6–8.4 mm
+;
+♀
+7.8–8.2 mm
+; wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.88;
+♀
+0.99.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+32
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Brown colour, with grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; narrowly dichoptic, frons at narrowest as wide as anterior ocellus, widening towards antennal bases; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without indentation; ocellar tubercle slightly more elevated than frons, dark brown to blackish with some short dark setulae; vertex grey pruinose, dark brown when viewed posterodorsally, with long dark setulae; anterior ocellus larger than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye (margin less indented than in
+♀
+); dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings; occiput with same greyish pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired narrow subrectangular dark brown almost black markings with short dark setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with short dark setulae; lateral margins of occiput with pale setulae; lower occiput with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to base of mouthparts that have similar long pale ventral setulae; frons dark velvety-brown from ocellar triangle down to a small area above antennal bases that is greyish; dark part of frons with conspicuous dark proclinate setulae, lower grey part of frons with some pale setulae; face and gena silvery-grey with pale setulae; clypeus brown with some greyish pruinosity, bare; face separated from clypeus by a prominent, deep suture on anterior and lateral edges; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove; scape, pedicel, 1
+st
+flagellomere brown with some whitish pruinosity, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brown; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, only slightly larger than pedicel and scape; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; scape and pedicel with dark dorsal setulae, pedicel with setulae dorsally and ventrally, scape with setulae only on dorsal surface; palpus blackish with some sparse greyish pruinosity, well-developed, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis, with dark setulae; proboscis blackish-brown with long dark setulae and some scattered shorter dark setulae.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Brown ground colour; median dorsal surface of scutum with short dark setulae, postsutural surface with long pale setulae; postsutural setulae longer than presutural setulae; postpronotal lobe orange-yellow with long dark setulae; scutum mostly dark brown with two dorsocentral brownish-grey pruinose vittae running to middle of scutum in dorsal view; postalar wall and callus appearing orange-yellow; scutellum almost entirely orange-yellow except for brown basal margin, median surface with short dark setulae, apical margin with long pale setulae; pleura mostly blackish-brown with greyish pruinosity, except for posterior surface of anepimeron and entire katatergite that are yellowish-brown with similar pruinosity; notopleuron greyish pruinose with long dark setulae; area surrounding anterior and posterior spiracle orange-yellow, postspiracular scale orange-brown; anterior spiracle bare posteriorly; proepisternum, pronotum similar in appearance to aforementioned pleura; proepimeron, proepisternum, anepisternum, parts of anepimeron and entire katatergite with pale setulae; rest of pleura bare; postscutellum dark brown.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore and hind coxae brown on anterior surface and orange-yellow posteriorly; mid coxa brown on majority of surface, orange-yellow on apical posterior surface; all coxae with long pale setulae on anterior surface, in addition fore coxa has long pale setulae on posterior surface and hind coxa with long pale setulae on lateral apical edges, and with well-developed anterior apical point; all trochanters brown with short dark setulae; fore and mid femora entirely orange-yellow, hind femur orange-yellow with dark brown band on middle of hind femur; fore and mid tibiae orange-yellow and apically darker, hind tibia mostly dark brown, yellowish-brown at base and apex; fore and mid tarsi brownish, hind tarsi darker brown with more yellowish-brown terminal tarsal segments; fore and mid femora covered with pale setulae on almost all surfaces except for dorso-apical and posteroventral surface with some short dark setulae, hind femur with mixed long pale and dark setulae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, basally with long pale setulae, anteriorly with short setulae and posteriorly with longer setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and mid tibiae covered in short dark setulae, hind tibia with longer dark setulae; hind basal tarsal segment with long dark posterior setulae; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; hind tarsal segments 1.1 × as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+: Overall slight light brown suffused appearance; with a dark brown stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; veins brown; substigmal marking extends down over base of cell
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+, apex of cells
+br
+and
+bm
+, base of cells
+
+r
+5
+
+and
+
+m
+2
+
+, crossvein
+r – m
+and basal third of discal cell; additional darker suffusion over majority of cell
+br
+; hyaline appearance in cell
+cua
+, apical two-thirds of discal cell, base of cell
+
+r
+4
+
+, post basal half of cell
+
+r
+5
+
+; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere orange-yellow with a brownish knob and very short dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Overall orange-yellow colour; tergites 1–5 with broad dark brown subtriangular median vittae, remaining tergites with only a slight median marking; tergites 1–3 with long pale setulae, remaining tergites with shorter dark setulae; tergites 1–7 with dark lateral markings and especially on tergites 1–5 with prominent long pale setulae; sternites orange-yellow with pale setulae; tergite 1 without median longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+: Epandrium orange with dark setulae, hypandrium orange-brown, cercus blackish, both with dark setulae, terminalia not dissected.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+33
+): Similar to
+♂
+except for the following:
+
+
+Head
+: Widely dichoptic; dorsal margin of eye more indented than in
+♂
+; vertex wider than in
+♂
+, dorsal inner edge of eye brownish-grey pruinose, appearing as an extension of vertex surrounding ocellar tubercle; occiput with paired dark brown almost black subtriangular (more narrow and subrectangular in
+♂
+) markings on upper occiput; frons similar in colour appearance to that of
+♂
+but at narrowest ca 1.6 × width of ocellar tubercle, widening slightly towards antennal base, gradually fading at edges into bronzy brown colour; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, deeper sutures laterally; face slightly visible in profile; 1
+st
+flagellomere comparatively much larger than in
+♂
+; scape ca 2 × as long as pedicel; 1
+st
+flagellomere ca 2 × as long as pedicel.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Scutum slightly lighter than in
+♂
+, otherwise with similar appearance; postpronotal lobes with similar dark setulae as in
+♂
+but lobe with long pale setulae as well; pleura reddish-brown with grey pruinosity, with similar patterning as in
+♂
+just lighter; postspiracular scale orange in colour; scutellum with only pale setulae.
+
+
+Legs
+: Coxae similar to
+♂
+, just overall lighter in colour; hind fermur with median band light brown; fore and mid legs yellow with tarsi brownish, but basal two-thirds of basitarsi yellowish; fore tarsal claws symmetrical; hind leg with general orange-yellow colour on segments, including tarsi; hind femur with mix of short pale and dark setulae compared to
+♂
+; hind tarsal segments 0.9 × as long as hind tibia.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+52
+): Overall brownish suffusion, with upper third of wing somewhat darker suffused, stigma also markedly lighter compared to
+♂
+; no prominent dark suffused substigmal markings running longitudinally on wing as in
+♂
+.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Similar pattering and colour as
+♂
+; lateral dark markings on tergites appearing as more uniform and continuous dark marginal line.
+
+
+Terminalia
+: Cercus orange-brown with pale setulae; terminalia not dissected.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Madagascar
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/33/32/DC/3332DC4AE3BC5FD19D42D69E14B69374.xml b/data/33/32/DC/3332DC4AE3BC5FD19D42D69E14B69374.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df19f83e85d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/33/32/DC/3332DC4AE3BC5FD19D42D69E14B69374.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa korolkowii
+Regel, Trudy Imp. S. Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada
+
+3: 295 (1875)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 29
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Uzbekistan
+• ‘ Habitat in solo lutoso in desertis inter Turkestaniam et Khiwam prope Farisch’,
+Korolkow et Krause
+(
+holotype
+LE!).
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+,
+Turkmenistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Turkestan, and Western Tian Shan. This species grows on dry gravel and stony surfaces, sandy ceilings, slopes, and plains at the outlet (opening), and in the lower belt of the mountain (up to
+1800 m
+a. s. l.).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa korolkowii
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+flower
+D
+tepals
+E
+gynoecium and stamens
+F
+gynoecium
+G
+stamens
+H
+bulb. (Photos:
+A – H
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa korolkowii
+
+is a near threatened species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa korolkowii
+
+was first described by E. L. Regel in 1875 from Forish (
+Uzbekistan
+). This species was named in honor of amateur botanist N. I. Korolkow, who lived and worked in the Turkestan region from 1868 to 1905 (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+Vvedensky (1935)
+distinguished
+
+T. korolkowii
+
+and two related species,
+
+T. rosea
+Vved.
+
+and
+
+T. nitida
+Hoog
+
+, as geographically isolated species (
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+). Based on the flow cytometry results,
+Zonneveld (2009)
+considered
+
+T. korolkowii
+
+and
+
+T. nitida
+
+two different species and
+
+T. rosea
+
+as
+
+T. korolkowii f. rosea
+(Vvedensky)
+
+.
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+considered
+
+T. nitida
+
+and
+
+T. rosea
+
+as synonyms of
+
+T. korolkowii
+
+. Based on long-term studies in natural habitats and observations in
+ex situ
+living collections in TASH and Tashkent Botanical Garden,
+Tojibaev et al. (2022)
+found that morphological characters between
+
+T. korolkowii
+
+and
+
+T. nitida
+
+, vary depending on habitat and climatic conditions. In addition, they did not find any evidence to confirm the presence of
+
+T. rosea
+
+within the present-day boundaries of
+Uzbekistan
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/34/3F/8A/343F8AC4CA1C547C80FFC764BBE26F8D.xml b/data/34/3F/8A/343F8AC4CA1C547C80FFC764BBE26F8D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42903e4a55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/34/3F/8A/343F8AC4CA1C547C80FFC764BBE26F8D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa borszczowii
+Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes
+
+Moscou
+41: 438 (1868)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 13
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+•
+Steppe Kara-Kum am Aralsee
+,
+Borszczow 677
+(
+holotype
+LE!; photograph K)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Aral region, Betpak-Dala, Kyzylkum, Kyzylorda, Moiynkum, and Turkestan. This species grows in sandy and clay-sandy deserts.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa borszczowii
+
+is a near threatened species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the red book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa borszczowii
+
+was described by E. L. Regel in 1868 from the collections of Russian botanist I. G. Borshchow from Aral Karakum. The species is morphologically similar to
+
+T. lehmanniana
+
+, differing in its flower stalk that does not droop in buds, leaves exceeding or reaching the flower, and a shorter above-ground stem part that is 1.5–2 times shorter than the underground part (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). This species was considered endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+until 2002, when it was found in
+Uzbekistan
+(from the western part of the Hungry Steppe) (TASH), and elsewhere in the Uzbek part of Kyzylkum (
+Abduraimov et al. 2020
+). The southernmost limit of its total range is in
+Uzbekistan
+, the northernmost limit is in the northern Aral region, and the range reaches the Transkaratau foothill plain in the east (Kyzylkol and Akkol lakes).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa borszczowii
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A
+general habits with different color forms
+B
+flowers. (Photos:
+A, B
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/38/C8/96/38C896D12CA354199490DCB8B7C2278D.xml b/data/38/C8/96/38C896D12CA354199490DCB8B7C2278D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0807be93f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/38/C8/96/38C896D12CA354199490DCB8B7C2278D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa alberti
+Regel, Gartenflora
+
+26: 257, t 912 (1877)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 6
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• Illustration t.
+912 in
+Gartenflora
+26 (1877) [
+lectotype
+designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 303
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Balkhash-Alakol, Betpak-Dala, Chu-Ili Range, Dzungarian Alatau, Eastern Upland, Karatau, Moinkym, Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau, and Western Upland. Grows on dry rubbly and stony slopes of low mountains.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa alberti
+
+is assessed near threatened at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+) and is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+Eduard Regel described
+
+T. alberti
+
+in 1877, based on materials collected by his son Albert Regel, who worked as a doctor in Kulja, from the Karatau Mountains in 1876 (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). The locus classicus of this species in the Chirchik River Valley was incorrectly stated when describing
+
+T. alberti
+(
+Vvedensky and Kovalevskaya 1971
+)
+
+. More recently,
+Sutula et al. (2024)
+reported the hybridization of
+
+T. alberti
+
+and
+
+T. patens
+
+and the possible existence of a new undescribed species of hybridogenic origin. However, given that these species are morphologically different and belong to different subgenera, we believe that hybridization between these taxa is highly unlikely. Moreover, the distribution ranges of the species do not overlap, excluding the possibility of spontaneous hybridization in nature. Meanwhile, spontaneous hybrids of
+
+T. alberti
+
+and
+
+T. greigii
+
+exist in the wild (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+;
+Vvedensky and Kovalevskaya 1971
+). Recently,
+Yermagambetova et al. (2024)
+studied the genetic diversity and gene flow of
+
+T. alberti
+
+in
+Kazakhstan
+. In this work, the more isolated populations were determined to be genetically distinct with low genetic diversity (
+Yermagambetova et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/3D/FA/C9/3DFAC912F28350F093F77058BCBDF982.xml b/data/3D/FA/C9/3DFAC912F28350F093F77058BCBDF982.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..59ecf938205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/3D/FA/C9/3DFAC912F28350F093F77058BCBDF982.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kaufmanniana
+Regel, Gartenflora
+
+26: 194 (1877)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 26
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Uzbekistan
+• ‘ In Turkestaniae montibus fluvium Tschirtschik [Chirchiq] adjacentibus’,
+
+A. Regel
+
+(LE!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Western Tian Shan, Karatau, and Kyrgyz Alatau. This species grows on shaded slopes, meadow areas, and scrub thickets and less often on rocky slopes from the lower to the upper mountain belts.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa kaufmanniana
+
+is a near threatened species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+III
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – May; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa kaufmanniana
+
+was described by E. L. Regel in 1877 from the Chirchik River basin. The species was named in honor of Kaufmann, Governor-General of the Turkestan region (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+
+Tulipa berkariensis
+Rukšāns
+
+, described from the Berkari Gorge by
+Rukšāns (2019)
+, differs from
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+
+by the globular bulb shape and the presence of horizontal stolons. Currently, many researchers consider
+
+T. berkariensis
+
+a synonym of
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+
+(
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+;
+Sennikov and Tojibaev 2021
+). However,
+
+T. berkariensis
+
+has a slightly smaller genome size than the authentic
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+
+from
+Uzbekistan
+(
+Zonneveld 2009
+). Further research is needed to study
+
+T. berkariensis
+
+and establish its taxonomic status.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kaufmanniana
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+flower
+D
+tepals
+E
+gynoecium
+F
+stamens
+G
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A
+by S. Kubentayev and V. Epiktetov,
+B – G
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/3E/2D/08/3E2D081E1AA45F2683A5D3345FA2BD61.xml b/data/3E/2D/08/3E2D081E1AA45F2683A5D3345FA2BD61.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..53cdae3c601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/3E/2D/08/3E2D081E1AA45F2683A5D3345FA2BD61.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa salsola
+Rukšāns & Zubov, Int. Rock Gard.
+
+148: 11 (2022)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 37
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+•
+
+Zhetysu region
+, the extreme southern part of
+Dzungarian Alatau
+(
+
+44 ° 10 ' N
+,
+79 ° 31 ' E
+
+); sandy, saline soils within semi-desert habitat, c.
+
+
+880 m
+
+.
+
+a. s. l.; leg.
+
+05 May 2012
+
+,
+
+Rukšāns
+
+; cult. (12 KZ- 059 specimen grown in
+J. Rukšāns
+garden,
+Latvia
+), fl.
+
+11 Apr. 2021
+
+,
+
+Rukšāns
+
+(
+holotype
+GB)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Dzungarian Alatau, and Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau. This species grows on fixed and hilly-ridged sands over brown and gray-brown soils, in depressions of takyrs and solonchaks with Saxaul.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa salsola
+
+was described relatively recently in 2022 from the southern part of Dungarian Alatau, Zhetysuyskaya Oblast,
+Kazakhstan
+. It is morphologically similar to
+
+T. kolbintsevii
+
+but differs by the presence of 2 (– 3) flowers, an adaxially strongly woolly bulb tunic, absent elongated bulb tunic, and stamens shorter or equal to the ovary (vs. one flower, naked on the neck with some hairs on the bulb tunic adaxially, elongated bulb tunic, and stamens longer than the ovary in
+
+T. kolbintsevii
+
+) (
+Rukšāns and Zubov 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa salsola
+
+in Kazakhstan.
+A
+general habits
+B
+flower
+C
+tepals
+D
+gynoecium and stamens
+E
+stamens
+F
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos: A – F by J. Rukšāns).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/42/6C/25/426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079.xml b/data/42/6C/25/426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91045c28515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/42/6C/25/426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina dimidiatipennis
+(
+Brunetti, 1929
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 18
+,
+43
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atrichops dimidiatipennis
+
+Brunetti, 1929: 3
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina dimidiatipennis
+
+
+:
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+[
+
+from digital photographs]
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Nigeria
+•
+1 ♀
+;
+Ibadan
+; [
+
+07 ° 23.78 ' N
+,
+03 ° 55 ' E
+
+];
+
+27 Mar. 1923
+
+;
+Presented
+by
+Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum
+; 1484, 1929–48; (
+
+NHMUK
+014064158
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratype
+
+:
+Nigeria
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+So
+[Southern]
+Nigeria
+;
+Ibadan
+; [
+
+07 ° 23.78 ' N
+,
+03 ° 55 ' E
+
+];
+
+10 Aug. 1920
+
+;
+Presented
+by
+Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum
+; 1484, 1929–48; (
+
+NHMUK
+014064159
+
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Head and thorax with dark brown ground colour and silver-grey pruinosity. Abdomen is orange-yellow to dark orange, brown on terminal segments. Tergites 2 and 3 with large brown markings. Wing brown suffused on apical half with dark brown stigma and substigmal marking (Fig.
+43
+), in this regard, it is most similar to
+
+S. zombaensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+, but differs from it by having wide subrectangular markings on the upper occiput compared to narrow markings in
+
+S. zombaensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+, and a marked difference in abdominal colour and patterning, with the latter having medial longitudinal blackish markings with bluish-grey pruinosity that are completely absent in
+
+S. dimidiatipennis
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+
+
+(Based on digital photographs of
+♀
+Holotype
+and
+♀
+paratype
+)
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♀
+n = 2): Wing span:
+7.9–8.8 mm
+(avg.
+8.4 mm
+); body length: 10.3 (avg.
+10.3 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.): 0.81.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+18
+).
+
+
+
+Head
+: Dark brown ground colour, with silvery-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any visible indentation; ocellar tubercle slightly elevated, visible in profile, dark setulose, silvery-grey pruinose; vertex silvery-grey pruinose, with dark setulae; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings, same silvery-grey pruinose as rest of head; occiput with same silvery-grey pruinosity; paired widely-shaped blackish-brown subrectangular markings with dark setulae on upper occiput running down to occipital foramen, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput otherwise with pale setulae; lower occiput with lateral margins and medial area with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have pale ventral setulae; frons silvery-grey pruinose with short dark setulae on lower half, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening only very slightly towards antennal base; frons with long dark setulae; face and gena silvery-grey pruinose, with pale setulae; clypeus with silvery-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, deeper sutures laterally; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 1 × width of scape, with obvious longitudinal groove running up into lower frons; scape, pedicel mostly orange, dorsally orange-brown, otherwise with some silvery-grey pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere entirely orange; 2
+nd
+flagellomere brown; scape appearing larger than pedicel when viewed dorsally; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, 2 × size of pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus orange with mostly darker setulae, and some interspersed pale setulae; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis orange-yellow with dark setulae and some paler shorter setulae.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Scutum dark brown with central vitta, delineated by silver-grey pruinosity on presutural surface; central vitta ending before scutellum; scutum with large paired presutural dark brown markings behind postprontal lobe; pronotum yellowish-brown with pale setulae; postpronotal lobe brown, base same dark brown as proceeding presutural scutal area; scutellum with short dark setulae; notopleuron appearing silver-grey pruinose when viewed dorsally, setulae dark; postalar wall and postalar callus orange-brown; scutellum orange-yellow with short dark setulae; scutum generally with short dark setulae with postsutural setulae somewhat longer; majority of pleura dark brown, except for anepisternum, katepisternum and meron with silver white pruinosity; pruinose pleura have long pale setulae; anepimeron setulae unknown; anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings yellow, bare; postspiracular scale brownish; postnotum dark brown, silver-grey pruinose on lateral margins.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore coxa orange-yellow, mid and hind coxae dark brown; fore coxa with long pale setulae on anterior and posterior surfaces, anterior apex with short dark setulae; mid coxa with dark setulae on anterior surface; hind coxa with dark setulae on anterior surface as well as dark setulae surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges also with long dark setulae; fore trochanter orange-yellow with short pale setulae, mid trochanter dark brown, hind trochanter missing; fore and mid femora orange-yellow; hind femur missing (original description has hind femur with basal and apical third “ brownish-yellow ” interpreted here as orange-yellow, and middle third “ black ” interpreted here as blackish-brown); fore tibia blackish-brown; mid tibia darker orange-yellow than that of mid femur; hind tibia and tarsi missing (original description has hind tibia and tarsi “ black ”, interpreted here dark brown based of photos); fore tarsi dark brown, mid tarsi yellowish-brown; fore tarsal claws and pulvilli missing, not described; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and hind femora with pale setulae, some darker setulae on apical dorsal surface of fore femur; fore and hind femora with long pale setulae on apical ventral and posteroventral surfaces; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface; fore and mid tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsi missing not measured; tibial spur formula unknown.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+43
+): Brown suffused on apical half; darker brown stigma over apex of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cells
+sc
+,
+
+r
+1
+
+; darker suffused substigmal marking over crossvein
+r – m
+, bases of discal cell, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+and apex of cell
+br
+; cell
+bm
+hyaline; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk yellow, knob light brown, with some short and dark setulae.
+Holotype
+(
+NHMUK
+014064158) with an elongated hyaline marking in cell
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+,
+paratype
+(
+NHMUK
+014064159) without such a hyaline marking.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Overall orange-yellow to dark orange colour; tergite 1 orange-yellow; tergites 2 and 3 with large brown markings taking up majority of surface, somewhat darker on lateral margins as well; tergites 4 and 5 orange-yellow; remaining tergites orange-brown, with posterior margins of especially tergites 7 and 8 darker; sternites orange-yellow, with sternites 3 and 4 covered in darker marking; rest of sternites orange-yellow; tergites with short dark setulae dorsally, and long pale setulae laterally; sternites with short pale setulae; tergite 1 medially with a longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+: Cercus dark brown with pale setulae; internal structures unknown,
+type
+material not dissected.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Nigeria
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/4E/65/99/4E659940B726522EA0B9D94A94A417A8.xml b/data/4E/65/99/4E659940B726522EA0B9D94A94A417A8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b9ef8332d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/4E/65/99/4E659940B726522EA0B9D94A94A417A8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1017 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina monogramma
+(
+Bezzi, 1926
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 27
+,
+28
+,
+49
+,
+66
+,
+70
+,
+84
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atrichops monogramma
+
+Bezzi, 1926: 305
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina monogramma
+
+
+:
+
+Stuckenberg 1960: 288
+
+, fig. 87;
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atrichops inaequalis
+
+Bezzi, 1926: 307
+; synonymised by
+
+Stuckenberg 1960: 288
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+1 ♀
+[
+South Africa
+] • [
+KwaZulu-Natal
+],
+Mfongosi
+,
+Zulu L.
+[Land]; [
+
+28 ° 42.69 ' S
+,
+30 ° 49.95 ' E
+
+];
+W. E. Jones
+leg.;
+
+Dec. 1916
+
+; (SAM-DIP-A 006860).
+
+
+
+
+
+Other material examined.
+
+
+
+♂
+♀
+Types
+of
+
+Atrichops inaequalis
+
+:
+South Africa
+
+•
+
+KwaZulu-Natal
+: K.
+Kloof
+[Kranzkloof, now Kloof], [
+
+29 ° 45.858 ' S
+,
+30 ° 51.0529 ' E
+
+];
+
+Dec. 1915
+
+,
+Marley
+leg.; (SAM-DIP-A 006861).
+Mozambique
+
+: •
+
+4 ♂
+3 ♀
+; [
+Sofala Province
+]
+Gorongoza Mountain
+,
+
+Manica
+Sofala
+
+Dist
+; [
+
+18 ° 45.96 ' S
+,
+34 ° 30 ' E
+
+];
+
+840 masl
+
+;
+
+Jul. 1959
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+leg.;
+Gallery Forest
+; (
+♂
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 028168
+,
+158383
+,
+158384
+,
+162050
+;
+♀
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 027714
+,
+158382
+,
+158385
+).
+South Africa
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Pinetown district
+,
+Gillitts
+; [
+
+29 ° 47.85 ' S
+,
+30 ° 47.20 ' E
+
+];
+
+Feb. 1963
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+&
+P. Stuckenberg
+leg.; (
+♂
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158416
+;
+♀
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158412
+,
+158413
+,
+158414
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Pinetown district
+,
+Gillitts
+; [
+
+29 ° 47.85 ' S
+,
+30 ° 47.20 ' E
+
+];
+
+21 Nov. 1963
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+&
+P. Stuckenberg
+leg.; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 028180
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Pinetown district
+,
+Gillitts
+; [
+
+29 ° 47.85 ' S
+,
+30 ° 47.20 ' E
+
+];
+
+28 Dec. 1961
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+&
+P. Stuckenberg
+leg.; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 028176
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Woodgrove Retirement Village
+;
+
+30 ° 21.9167 ' S
+,
+30 ° 21.9333 ' E
+
+;
+
+10 Oct. 2018
+
+;
+Londt
+, J. G. H.; in garden; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 205579
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Merrivale dist.
+;
+
+29 ° 30.00 ' S
+,
+30 ° 14.00 ' E
+
+;
+
+14 Nov. 2006
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+leg.; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158391
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Royal Natal National Park
+,
+Thendele Camp
+[nr Devil’s Hoek path, forest patch];
+
+28 ° 42.62 ' S
+,
+29 ° 56.04 ' E
+
+;
+
+14–17 Jan. 2019
+
+;
+J. Midgley
+&
+K. Williams
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 102630
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Mtamvuna Nature Reserve
+; 3130 AA [
+
+31 ° 06.00 ' S
+,
+30 ° 09.6 ' E
+
+];
+
+10–15 Jan. 1982
+
+;
+J. G. H. Londt
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158388
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Pietermaritzburg
+,
+Ashburton
+;
+
+29 ° 49.3167 ' S
+,
+30 ° 27.1 ' E
+
+; ca
+
+630 masl
+
+;
+
+22 Nov. 2009
+
+;
+R. M. Miller
+leg.; in house; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 192953
+)
+
+•
+
+2 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Royal Natal National Park
+; 2828 DB [
+
+28 ° 41.34 ' S
+,
+28 ° 56.7 ' E
+
+];
+
+Jan. 1971
+
+;
+H. Townes
+leg.; late
+January
+; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158448
+,
+1588449
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Royal Natal National Park
+; [
+
+28 ° 41.34 ' S
+,
+28 ° 56.7 ' E
+
+];
+
+6–10 Dec. 1984
+
+;
+J. G. H. Londt
+leg.;
+Riverine
+bush,
+Montane
+slopes; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 028175
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+;
+Shawswood
+,
+Karkloof
+;
+
+29 ° 18.1 ' S
+,
+30 ° 18.25 ' E
+
+;
+
+18 Nov. 2020
+
+; L.,
+Mva
+leg.; (
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 129988)
+
+•
+
+2 ♂
+;
+KwaZulu-Natal
+; K.
+Kloof
+[Krantzkloof]; [
+
+29 ° 45.858 ' S
+,
+30 ° 51.0529 ' E
+
+];
+
+Dec. 1915
+
+;
+Marley
+leg.; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 028160
+,
+158386
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+;
+Mpumalanga
+;
+Gladdespruit river
+, nr.
+Nelspruit Airfield
+; 2530 DB [
+
+25 ° 30.628 ' S
+,
+30 ° 53.941 ' E
+
+];
+
+2975 ft
+
+;
+
+3 Nov. 1970
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+leg.;
+Streamside
+bush; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 028170
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Eastern Cape
+;
+Hogsback
+; 3226 DB [
+
+32 ° 35.88 ' S
+,
+26 ° 56.28 ' E
+
+];
+
+13–16 Dec. 1985
+
+;
+J. G. H. Londt
+&
+B. Londt
+leg.;
+Forest
+and
+Forest
+margins; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158387
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+An orange-yellow species (Figs
+27
+,
+28
+) with a black median vitta on the scutum that contrasts with the surrounding orange-yellow colour and runs down to before the scutellum. The median vitta is also flanked by bluish-grey pruinosity. Additionally, almost the entire notopleural area is covered with a dark subrectangular mark with silver-grey pruinosity. The abdomen has dark narrow median markings.
+
+Suragina monogramma
+
+is most similar to
+
+S. falsa
+
+(Fig.
+19
+), however, the latter has the scutum with central blackish-brown vitta, and additional pre- and postsutural dark brown markings (Fig.
+4
+), whereas
+
+S. monogramma
+
+does not have the mentioned dark brown markings. Additionally,
+
+S. monogramma
+
+has its tibia brownish-yellow to orange-yellow compared to
+
+S. falsa
+
+that has its tibiae dark brown, almost black.
+
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♂
+n = 2,
+♀
+n = 2): Wing span:
+♂
+7.0–
+7.6 mm
+(avg.
+7.3 mm
+);
+♀
+7.5–9.7 mm
+(avg.
+8.6 mm
+); body length:
+♂
+7.4–9.6 mm
+(avg.
+8.5 mm
+);
+♀
+7.2–10.7 mm
+(avg.
+8.9 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.87;
+♀
+0.97.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+27
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Dark brown colour, with silver-white pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye with slight indentation (absent in
+♀
+); ocellar tubercle slightly more elevated than frons, with pale setulae, colour black with slight greyish pruinosity; vertex whitish-grey pruinose, with long pale setulae; anterior ocellus same size as posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, margin less indented than in
+♀
+; vertex narrower than in
+♀
+; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired narrow dark brown, almost velvety-black (ca 2 × as tall in
+♀
+) markings with short dark setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; small subrectangular brownish patch below vertex; upper occiput with short pale setulae on dorsal margin and rest of upper surface, lower occiput with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have similar pale ventral setulae at base; frons silver-white up to narrow area before eyes touch when viewed dorsally, dark velvety-brown when viewed anteriorly; frons at narrowest where eyes touch, widening towards antennal base; frons bare; face and gena silver-white with pale setulae, lateral facial margins with markings that are same dark velvety-brown as frons when viewed anteriorly; clypeus brownish with silver-white pruinosity, bare; face separated from clypeus by a prominent, deep suture on anterior and lateral edges; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.75 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove; scape and pedicel orange-yellow, sometime infuscated dorsally; 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brownish; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, only slightly larger than pedicel and scape; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; scape and pedicel with dark dorsal setulae, scape bare ventrally, pedicel with dark ventral setulae of similar size to dorsal setulae; palpus orange-yellow, well-developed, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; palpus with dark setulae on apical half and longer pale setulae on lower half; proboscis comparatively shorter than that of
+♀
+in relation to head; proboscis orange-yellow with long dark setulae, similar setulae ventrally; some scattered small pale setulae on proboscis.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Majority of surface orange-yellow, dorsal surface of scutum with short dark setulae; scutellum with long dark setulae similar to those on postsutural area of scutum; postsutural setulae, especially those on posterior half of postsutural area, longer than remaining setulae of scutum; postpronotal lobe yellow, lighter than surroundings; almost entire notopleural area between postpronotal lobe and suture covered in dark subrectangular mark with silver-grey pruinosity, dark colour much more visible when viewed in profile; marking separated from median vittae in majority of specimens, but in some from
+Mozambique
+, mark is joined with median vittae which is much wider (see
+Stuckenberg 1960: 289
+); scutum with black median vitta that is sparsely grey pruinose and runs anteriorly from behind pronotum down to just before scutellum; median vittae pinched at posterior end in some specimens, ending more broadly in others; median vittae bordered by bluish-grey pruinose dorsocentral vittae that fade out posteriorly; scutellum uniformly orange-yellow with basal area dark brown, some specimens basal half dark brown; postscutellum dark brown; anepisternum, katepisternum, meron, katepimeron and katatergite dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, remaining pleura orange-yellow with only slight whitish pruinosity; notopleuron with long dark setulae; area surrounding posterior spiracle yellow, postspiracular scale orange-yellow; proepisternum, pronotum yellow; anterior spiracle bare posteriorly, area surrounding it orange-yellow; proepimeron, proepisternum, anepisternum and katatergite with pale setulae, rest of pleura bare.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore and hind coxae yellow; mid coxa sometimes brown on anterior surface and some bluish pruinosity; fore coxa with pale setulae, mid and hind coxae with pale setulae, and on anterior apical surface and margins with dark setulae; all coxae with longer pale setulae on anterior surface except for long pale setulae on posterolateral margin of hind coxa; hind coxa with well-developed anterior apical point; all trochanters same yellow as coxae, with some scattered short pale setulae; all femora yellow; hind femur with a median dark band, appearing absent or very weak in specimens from Gillets,
+KwaZulu-Natal
+; mid and hind femora with small anterior apical dark mark; fore and hind tibiae and tarsi dark brown, much lighter brown, almost dark yellow in specimens from Gillets,
+KwaZulu-Natal
+; mid tibia yellow, tarsi brownish; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; fore and mid femora covered with pale setulae on all surfaces, mid femur with ventro-apical surface with some short dark setulae, hind femur with mixed long pale and dark setulae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, basally with long pale setulae, anteriorly with short setulae and posteriorly with longer setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and mid tibiae covered in short dark setulae, hind tibia with longer dark setulae; combined length of hind tarsal segments subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2 or 1: 2:
+2 in
+some specimens.
+
+
+Wing
+: Appearing mostly hyaline, with light brown suffused appearance on apical half of wing, with discal cell (except for basal third), cell
+cua
+, parts of cells
+br
+and
+bm
+hyaline; with darker stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; veins brownish; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere entirely orange-yellow, with some very short dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Yellow to orange-yellow; tergite 1 without dark lateral border, tergites 2–6 always with dark brown lateral borders, but more prominent on tergites 2–4; pattern of median dark markings on dorsal surface of tergites variable but distinctive from surroundings; tergites 1–6 usually with a dark median marking, especially on tergites 1–4; dark brown marking on tergite 3 may be incomplete; each dark marking has a brown suffusion surrounding it, giving marking a posteriorly tapering subtriangular appearance in some specimens; tergite 7 dark brown; in some specimens tergites 3–6 have greyish pruinose borders; sternites yellow, but in some specimens these are discoloured and may appear darkened due to dried gut contents; tergites with short black setulae on median-dorsal surface of tergites, with long pale setulae on lateral margins; sternites with long pale setulae; tergite 1 without median longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Figs
+66
+,
+70
+): Epandrium and cercus dark brown with dark setulae; hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae; gonostylus tapering with truncated apex, outer edge of gonostylus with short setulae, inner edge with protrusion with 2–4 setulae, apex of gonostylus sparsely covered in microtrichia; gonocoxite widening and appearing more rectangular than rounded on apical half, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer and ventral medial surface with long setulae, inner and ventral surfaces of upper half with short setulae, lower ventral surface comparatively less setulose; gonocoxite with microtrichia between setulae; parameral apodeme with truncated, rectangular apex, not reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.7 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme similar in length to gonocoxite and slightly longer than ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature extending down past gonocoxites, apex of tines not extending out past parameral sheath; endoaedeagal process apically truncated and widened.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+28
+): Similar to
+♂
+except for the following:
+
+
+Head
+: Dichoptic; lateral edge of eye without indentation (slight in
+♂
+); ocellar tubercle with short dark setulae; dorsal margin of eye more indented than in
+♂
+; vertex wider than in
+♂
+, without subrectangular mark underneath vertex; silver-white pruinose directly behind ocellar tubercle up to posterior of eye margin; dorsal inner edge of eye with paired dark markings, but only visible when viewed anteriorly, otherwise area similarly silver-white pruinose; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired subtriangular (ca 2 × as tall as
+♂
+) dark brown, almost black markings on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, and flanking but not touching vertex; frons velvety-black from ocellar tubercle down to lower half of eye, silver-white down to antennal base; frons mixed pale and dark setulose on velvety-black area, bare on silver-white pruinose area past middle of eye (
+♂
+bare), when viewed posteriorly silver-white colour shifts upwards, at narrowest ca 2 × width of ocellar tubercle, widening slightly towards antennal base; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse emargination, deeper sutures laterally; clypeus orange base colour with slight greyish pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere ca 2 × size of pedicel; scape and pedicel sometimes infuscated dorsally otherwise entirely orange-yellow with some whitish pruinosity.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Katepisternum orange-yellow compared to dark brown of
+♂
+, but still with same bluish-grey pruinosity; meron and katepimeron orange-yellow (dark brown in
+♂
+); postscutellum reddish-brown (
+♂
+dark brown).
+
+
+Legs
+: All coxae with only pale setulae; mid coxa with whitish pruinosity on anterior surface (
+♂
+bluish-grey); fore tarsi symmetrical; setulae of femora overall shorter (compared to
+♂
+) except for preapical ventral area of fore femur that has long pale setulae, and apical dorsal area that has short dark setulae; hind femur with mix of short pale and dark setulae.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+49
+): Similar to
+♂
+.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Variable, much as in
+♂
+: overall orange-yellow; tergites 1–6 with a dark median marking, tergite 1 not marked, tergites 1–3 with dark median marking, entire abdomen irregularly marked with dark brown colour, or abdomen entirely blackish-brown.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+84
+): Cercus orange-yellow with pale setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme ending broadly rounded-bilobed; median lobe with wide, moderate emargination; paired apical lobes with somewhat slender, elongated rectangular appearance, inner surface with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three oblong and sclerotized spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+
+Stuckenberg (1960: 289)
+provides a detailed description of colour variation in a series of
+12 males
+he examined from Gorongosa,
+Mozambique
+. Some of these males agree with and overlap in colour characters from South African specimens, highlighting the variability of the species.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Mozambique
+,
+South Africa
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/54/97/22/549722865DC35E17ACCE690F4932E83D.xml b/data/54/97/22/549722865DC35E17ACCE690F4932E83D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..035cb1fcf5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/54/97/22/549722865DC35E17ACCE690F4932E83D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa buhseana
+Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient.
+
+ser. 2, 4: 98 (1859)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 15
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Iran
+• ‘ Prope
+Yezd
+Persiae’,
+Buhse
+(
+holotype
+G)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Afghanistan
+,
+China
+,
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Iran
+,
+Turkmenistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Aral region, Balkhash-Alakol, Betpak-Dala, Chu-Ili range, Karatau, Kyzylorda, Moiynkum, Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau, Turgay, Turkestan, and Western Tian Shan. This species grows on sandy and clay deserts, and semi-deserts also occur on the rubbly slopes of lowlands.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa buhseana
+
+was described by P. E. Boissier in 1859 based on the collections of V. A. Buhse from
+Iran
+. Collections of
+
+T. buhseana
+
+from the northern Balkhash region had filaments with sparse pubescence, while the collections from the vicinity of the Shieli town, Kyzylorda region had glabrous filaments. According to
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+,
+Zonneveld (2009)
+,
+Everett et al. (2013)
+and
+POWO (2024
+),
+
+T. buhseana
+
+is considered a synonym of
+
+T. biflora
+
+. However, these species are morphologically distinguished by the lowering of bulb sheaths on the inner. Additionally, the bulb sheaths of
+
+T. buhseana
+
+are densely hairy on the inner side, whereas those of
+
+T. biflora
+
+are tomentose. In the phylogenetic tree,
+
+T. buhseana
+
+and
+
+T. biflora
+
+were placed in different clades (Fig.
+3
+). Therefore, additional studies are required to determine the taxonomic position of
+
+T. buhseana
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa buhseana
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C, D
+flower
+E
+tepals
+F
+gynoecium
+G
+stamens
+H
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A – H
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/55/25/7C/55257C9160395BEEBF51FFA9577B5118.xml b/data/55/25/7C/55257C9160395BEEBF51FFA9577B5118.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..33e6bbd47f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/55/25/7C/55257C9160395BEEBF51FFA9577B5118.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa tetraphylla
+Regel, Trudy Imp. S. Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada
+
+3: 296 (1875)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 41
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kyrgyzstan
+• Turkestaniae in valle Kotschkura, Kaulbars,
+Baro
+(
+holotype
+LE, not located).
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+, and
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Ketmen Terskey Alatau, and Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau. This species grows on stony slopes, and steppe areas in the lower and middle zones of the mountains.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa tetraphylla
+
+is a least concern species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Note.
+
+
+
+Tulipa tetraphylla
+
+was described by E. L. Regel in 1875 from collections from Central Tian Shan (Kochkur River basin,
+Kyrgyzstan
+). Spontaneous hybrids with
+
+T. kolpakowskiana
+
+have also been reported (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+;
+Vvedensky 1935
+).
+
+Tulipa tetraphylla
+
+is often found in its autotetraploid form (
+Wilson 2023
+), although it also has a diploid form (
+Botschantzeva 1962
+). The new species
+
+T. toktogulica
+B. D. Wilson & Lazkov
+
+from Jalal-Abad province was described in 2022. It is morphologically similar to
+
+T. tetraphylla
+
+but differs by fewer leaves (3 leaves) and weakly fragrant flowers.
+
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♂
+n = 2,
+♀
+n = 2): Wing span:
+♂
+7.2–7.5 mm
+(avg.
+7.35 mm
+);
+♀
+8.6–9.3 mm
+(avg.
+8.95 mm
+); body length:
+♂
+8.9–9.0 mm (avg.
+8.95 mm
+);
+♀
+9.0–
+9.5 mm
+(avg.
+9.25 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.94;
+♀
+0.97.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+20
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Blackish-brown ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic; ommatidia on lower and upper quarter of eye smaller than those on rest of eye; lateral edge of eye with slight indentation, and an apparent tubercle next to indentation; ocellar tubercle barely visible in profile, blackish-brown in colour with slight bluish-grey pruinosity and short dark setulae; vertex blackish-brown with bluish-grey pruinosity and long dark setulose; anterior ocellus larger than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, not placed as deeply towards middle of head as in
+♀
+; dorsal inner edge of eye abutting ocellar tubercle; occiput with same bluish-grey pruinosity as rest of head; paired narrow rectangular black markings with short dark setulae on upper occiput widening towards lateral margin of head, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with pale setulae; lower occiput with long pale setulae; genal area bluish-grey with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have similar long ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to before lower half of eye when viewed anteriorly, when viewed anteroventrally entire frons appears blackish-brown with a slight velvety appearance; frons widening from where eyes touch down to antennal base; frons with short pale setulae; face bluish-grey with pale setulae; clypeus dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by a deep transverse suture, similar to lateral sutures; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.75 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape dark brown and pedicel orange-brown, both with silvery pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow, with sparse silvery pruinosity; 2
+nd
+flagellomere dark brown; scape and pedicel of similar size; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, ca 1.5 × size of pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only pale dorsal setulae; palpus brown with dense bluish-grey pruinosity, with dark setulae throughout; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis slightly shorter than head height; proboscis dark orange-brown in colour, prementum orange-yellow, proboscis with long pale setulae ventrally and darker setulae dorsally.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Scutum brown, mostly with short dark setulae, with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae in some specimens running from pronotum to before scutellum, joining to form a bluish-grey pruinose patch, in other specimens vittae are diffused, ending before transverse suture (Fig.
+8
+); pronotum orange-brown with bluish-grey pruinosity and short pale setulae; postpronotal lobe orange-yellow and appearing slightly browner dorsally, with sparse grey pruinosity; setulae short pale; notopleuron bluish-grey pruinose with pale setulae anteriorly and longer dark setulae posteriorly; postalar wall and postalar callus orange-brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity supra-alar area with dark setulae, postalar callus with some short pale setulae interspersed between dark setulae; scutellum yellow with long dark setulae; majority of pleura brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, except for anepimeron, anatergite, katatergite and katepimeron orange-yellow; proepisternum, proepimeron, katatergite and katepisternum with long pale setulae; anatergite and meron bare; anterior and posterior spiracles whitish-yellow, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown; postscutellum orange-brown.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore coxa yellow, mid coxa brown, blackish-brown anteriorly with a slight greyish pruinosity, hind coxa brownish-yellow; all coxae with mostly long pale setulae; fore coxal setulae entirely pale or with at most a couple of dark setulae apically; mid coxal setulae mixed pale and dark; hind coxal setulae long, and pale or dark on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long pale setulae; all trochanters brownish-yellow with short pale and dark setulae; fore and mid femora almost entirely yellow, except for slightly brown apex; hind femur yellow with light brown to brown median band; fore and hind tibiae brownish-yellow, mid tibia yellow; fore and hind tarsi brown, mid basitarsus yellow; with remaining tarsi brown; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; fore femur overall with short pale setulae, with long pale setulae on posteroventral surface; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface, otherwise with short pale setulae; hind femur with a mix of pale and dark setulae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, base of femur with pale setulae; fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsal segments 0.8–1.0 × as long as hind tibia tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+: Hyaline; dark brown stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; dark suffused substigmal marking running down from stigma over crossvein
+r – m
+, bases of discal cell, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+and apex of cell
+br
+; apical half of wing suffused with hyaline patches in cells
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+,
+
+r
+4
+
+,
+
+r
+5
+
+, discal cell, cells
+
+m
+3
+
+and
+
+m
+4
+
+; some dark suffusion over veins
+CuA
+and
+CuP
+; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed at wing margin, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk yellow, knob dark brown, with a few short and dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Overall brownish-yellow in colour; tergite 1 light brownish-yellow with a dark subtriangular dorsal marking surrounded by bluish-grey pruinosity; tergites 2–5 each with a dark dorsal marking covering majority of dorsal surface, less prominent on tergite 2 giving it a slight fenestrated appearance contrasting to brownish-yellow colour; tergites 2–5 also with lateral marginal dark marking; tergites 3–5 with grey pruinose band along posterior margin; tergite 1 medially without a longitudinal suture; tergites with dark setulae dorsally, and long pale setulae on lateral margins; sternites yellowish, with some irregular dark markings towards terminal segments; sternites with long pale setulae.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Figs
+63
+,
+67
+): Epandrium and cercus dark brown with dark setulae; gonocoxite, hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae; gonostylus tapering with truncated apex, outer edge of gonostylus with short setulae, inner edge with protrusion with 4 setulae, apical third of gonostylus sparsely covered in microtrichia; gonocoxite widening and appearing more rounded on apical half, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer and ventral medial surface with long setulae, inner surface of upper half with short setulae, lower ventral surface similarly long setulose; gonocoxite with microtrichia between setulae; parameral apodeme with rounded apex, not reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.7 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme similar in length to gonocoxite and slightly longer than ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature extending down past gonocoxites, apex of tines not extending out past parameral sheath; endoaedeagal process apically truncated and widened.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+21
+): Similar to
+♂
+except for the following:
+
+
+Head
+(Fig.
+8
+): Dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation, but also with apparent tubercle as in
+♂
+; ocellar tubercle blackish-brown with brownish-grey pruinosity (bluish-grey in
+♂
+); anterior ocellus slightly larger in size than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle placed deeper in front of dorsal margin of eye compared to
+♂
+; dorsal inner edge of eye separated from ocellar tubercle by paired silver-grey markings, appearing to extend down from vertex; genal area with long pale setulae and one or two interspersed dark setulae (all pale in
+♂
+) these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have a mix of similarly long pale and dark ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose between lower half of eye down to antennal base, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye when viewed anteriorly; frons widening only slightly from velvety-black patch towards antennal bases; frons with dark setulae on velvety-black upper half and pale setulae on lower grey half; face, gena and clypeus with bluish-grey pruinosity; face sparsley populated with long pale setulae, face separated anteriorly from clypeus by transverse suture, (less prominent than in
+♂
+); antennal bases separated ca 0.5–0.8 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; 1
+st
+flagellomere ca 1.75 × size of pedicel; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis ventrally with both long pale and dark setulae.
+
+
+Thorax
+(Fig.
+8
+): Scutum blackish-brown and overall darker than in
+♂
+and more setulose, posterior half of scutum additionally with long pale setulae; pronotum dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity and short pale setulae; postpronotal lobe dark brown with greyish pruinosity on anterior surface (compared to
+♂
+with dorsal surface also slightly pruinose), pale setulose; notopleuron with same colouration as in
+♂
+, however, more densely setulose in comparison; postalar wall and postalar callus dark brown compared to orange-brown in
+♂
+, and more setulose; scutellum entirely orange-yellow, or orange-yellow on apical half up to margin, and basally dark brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity, with dark setulae; pleura similar to that of
+♂
+.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore coxa yellow as in
+♂
+but browner anteriorly and sparsely greyish pruinose; hind coxa more widely brown in comparison to
+♂
+; coxal setulae similar to
+♂
+; femora similar in patterning as
+♂
+, but markings dark brown, almost black instead of light brown to brown; fore and hind tibiae, as well as tarsi blackish, mid tibia brownish-yellow, mid basitarsus brownish-yellow; with remaining tarsi dark brown to blackish (tibia and tarsi similar in patterning to
+♂
+, just darker); fore tarsal claws symmetrical; overall leg setation similar to
+♂
+except generally shorter; hind tarsal segments 0.9–1.0 × as long as hind tibia.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+45
+): Similar to
+♂
+.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Tergite 1 more densely bluish-grey pruinose than in
+♂
+, medially with a longitudinal suture; tergite
+2 in
+some specimens similar to
+♂
+with dark longitudinal marking, but surrounded by bluish-grey pruinosity instead of brownish-yellow ground colour, in others (
+
+NMSA
+
+- DIP 158425) entirely dark brown, as proceeding tergites; tergites 3–7 dark brown with dark dorsal markings barely discernible, posterior margins with similar grey pruinose bands as in
+♂
+; tergite 1 with long pale setulae on pruinose surface, and short dark setulae on dark brown surfaces, tergites 2–6 with short pale setulae on posterior pruinose bands and short dark setulae on rest of surface; tergite 7 with short dark setulae; tergites 1–4 with long pale setulae on lateral margins, tergites 5–7 with dark setulae laterally; sternites similar to
+♂
+but with shorter pale setulae on surface.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+80
+): Cercus dark brown with pale setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme slender, apex truncated, unforked; median lobe with u-shaped emargination; paired apical lobes with somewhat slender appearance, widening toward apex, inner surface with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three oval and sclerotized spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+Named after the late Dr Amnon Freidberg, in recognition of his contribution to Dipterology and as collector of much of the
+type
+material from
+Malawi
+. Noun in the genitive case.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Malawi
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/67/47/36/674736614A00567DBFD456867EB0ABD7.xml b/data/67/47/36/674736614A00567DBFD456867EB0ABD7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a22a76bc37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/67/47/36/674736614A00567DBFD456867EB0ABD7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,822 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina milloti
+(
+Séguy, 1951
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 25
+,
+26
+,
+48
+,
+65
+,
+69
+,
+83
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atrichops milloti
+
+Séguy, 1951: 395
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina milloti
+
+
+:
+
+Stuckenberg 1965: 93
+
+, figs 3, 4, 7, 8;
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material not examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Madagascar
+•
+1 ♂
+;
+Tsaratanana mountains
+;
+
+Oct. 1949
+
+; (
+
+MNHN
+
+–
+Séguy 1951: 395
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Other material examined.
+
+
+
+Madagascar
+•
+1 ♂
+4 ♀
+;
+Diégo-Suarez District
+[
+Antsiranana Province
+];
+Madagascar-Nord
+,
+Montagne d’Ambre
+[National Park]; [
+
+12 ° 30.132 ' S
+,
+49 ° 09.966 ' E
+
+];
+
+1000 masl
+
+;
+
+23 Nov. – 4 Dec. 1957
+
+;
+B. R. Stuckenberg
+leg.; (
+♂
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158381
+;
+♀
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158379
+,
+158380
+,
+028165
+) (
+
+NMSA
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Madagascar-Nord
+,
+Analamerana
+[Special Reserve],
+
+50 km
+SE Diégo-Suarez
+
+[
+Antsiranana
+], [
+
+12 ° 48.00 ' S
+,
+49 ° 30.00 ' E
+
+];
+
+80 masl
+
+;
+
+Jan. 1959
+
+;
+R. Andria
+leg.;
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 028166
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Antsiranana
+[Province];
+Montagne d’Ambre
+NP [National Park];
+
+12 ° 32.46 ' S
+,
+49 ° 10.08 ' E
+
+;
+
+1190 masl
+
+;
+
+14 Nov. 2017
+
+;
+M. Hauser
+leg.; FFP 17 MAD 59
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+1 ♀
+; [Atsinanana Region];
+Torotorofotsy
+,
+Andasibe
+(
+Perinet
+),
+22 km
+NW,
+Moramonga
+;
+
+18 ° 46.25 ' S
+,
+48 ° 25.93 ' E
+
+;
+
+960 masl
+
+;
+
+23–25 Oct. 2014
+
+;
+A. H. Kirk-Spriggs
+,
+R. Harin’Hala
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+, primary rainforest; (
+♂
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 58541;
+♀
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 58540) (
+
+BMSA
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+5 ♀
+;
+Fianarantsoa Province
+;
+Ranomafana National Park
+,
+Talatakely
+,
+
+800 m
+
+SW entrance,
+Ifanadiana
+;
+
+21 ° 15.48 ' S
+,
+47 ° 25.27 ' E
+
+;
+
+610 masl
+
+;
+
+16–19 Oct. 2014
+
+;
+A. H. Kirk-Spriggs
+,
+R. Harin’Hala
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+, secondary rainforest; (
+♂
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 58880;
+♀
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 58879, 58878, 58879, 58881, 58882) (
+
+BMSA
+
+)
+
+•
+
+2 ♂
+13 ♀
+;
+Ranomafana National Park
+, radio tower;
+
+21 ° 15.05 ' S
+,
+47 ° 24.43 ' E
+
+;
+
+1127 masl
+
+;
+
+23–30 Apr. 2002
+
+;
+M. E. Irwin
+,
+R. Harin’Hala
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+in open area nr forest edge; (
+
+CSCA
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+;
+Ranomafana National Park
+, radio tower;
+
+21 ° 15.05 ' S
+,
+47 ° 24.43 ' E
+
+;
+
+1127 masl
+
+; 27. iv –
+
+7 May 2003
+
+;
+R. Harin’Hala
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+in open area, forest edge; MA 02-098 - 59; (
+
+CSCA
+
+)
+
+•
+
+2 ♀
+;
+Sofia Region
+;
+Mahajanga
+;
+Amkarafa
+;
+
+14 ° 23.15 ' S
+,
+47 ° 45.45 ' E
+
+;
+
+180 masl
+
+;
+
+5–11 Nov. 2015
+
+;
+M. Irwin
+,
+R. Rasolondalao
+leg.; MG- 69-11; (
+
+CSCA
+
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+
+Suragina milloti
+
+is most similar in appearance to other orange-yellow species such as
+
+S. agramma
+
+,
+
+S. copelandi
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+and
+
+S. mulanjeensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+However,
+
+S. agramma
+
+and
+
+S. copelandi
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+have the notopleural area the same orange-yellow as the rest of the scutum (e. g. Fig.
+1
+), whereas the notopleural area between the postpronotal lobe and suture is covered in a dark subrectangular mark with bluish-grey pruinosity in
+
+S. milloti
+
+and
+
+S. mulanjeensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+(Fig.
+6
+).
+
+Suragina mulanjeensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+, however, has its abdominal tergites with dark medial markings compared to the more uniform orange-yellow abdomen of
+
+S. milloti
+
+. Additionally,
+
+S. milloti
+
+has the substigmal marking of the wing much darker and more apparent (Fig.
+48
+) compared to the other species.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♂
+n = 2,
+♀
+n = 2): Wing span:
+♂
+8.8–9.9 mm
+(avg.
+9.38 mm
+);
+♀
+8.9–9.0 mm (avg.
+8.94 mm
+); body length:
+♂
+9.6–11.6 mm
+(avg.
+10.6 mm
+);
+♀
+9.2–10.0 mm (avg.
+9.6 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.89;
+♀
+0.94.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+25
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Dark brown ground colour, with silvery-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye with slight indentation (absent in
+♀
+); ocellar tubercle slightly more elevated than frons, blackish with dark setulae; vertex grey pruinose (appearing dark brown at certain angles), with long dark setulae; anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, margin less indented than in
+♀
+; vertex narrower than in
+♀
+; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings; occiput with same silver-grey pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired narrow elongated subrectangular dark brown almost velvety-black markings (ca 2 × as tall in
+♀
+) with short dark setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; reniform dark brown marking surrounding occipital foramen; rest of upper occiput with short pale setulae and lower occiput with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have similar pale ventral setulae at base; frons silver-white up to area before eyes touch when viewed dorsally, dark velvety-brown when viewed anteriorly down to before antennal bases; frons at narrowest where eyes touch, widening towards antennal base; with a longitudinal groove running from ocellar triangle down to before antennal base, narrowly separating eyes; frons bare; face and gena silver-white, appearing bare; lateral facial margins with markings that appear dark brown when viewed anteriorly from underneath, but otherwise appearing silver-grey; clypeus brown with silver-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated from clypeus by a prominent, deep suture on anterior and lateral edges; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove; scape and pedicel dark brown with silver-grey pruinosity, scape and pedicel of similar height, but pedicel somewhat thinner; 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow, 2
+nd
+flagellomere dark brown; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, 2 × as tall as pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; scape and pedicel with dark dorsal setulae, scape bare ventrally, pedicel with dark ventral setulae of similar size to dorsal setulae; palpus brownish-orange, darker ventrally, well-developed, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; palpus with long dark setulae ventrally and some shorter dark setulae dorsally; proboscis comparatively shorter than that of
+♀
+in relation to head; proboscis orange-yellow, with darker apex, mostly with short dark setulae, some long pale setulae basoventrally and long dark setulae on labrum; some scattered small pale ventral setulae on proboscis.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Majority of surface, including scutum, orange-yellow, dorsal surface of scutum with short dark setulae; scutellum with long dark setulae similar to those on postsutural area of scutum; postsutural setulae, especially those on posterior half of postsutural area longer than remaining setulae of scutum; postpronotal lobe yellow with pale setulae, lighter than surroundings; almost entire notopleural area between postpronotal lobe and suture covered in a dark subrectangular mark with bluish-grey pruinosity, dark colour much more visible when viewed in profile; scutellum similarly orange-yellow as scutum, with some specimens having apical half more yellow compared to rest; postscutellum orange-yellow; all pleura yellow except for anepisternum that is similar brown colour to notopleural area; anepisternum and katepisternum slight bluish-grey pruinose, remaining pleura with only some scattered greyish pruinosity; notopleuron with long dark setulae; area surrounding posterior spiracle yellow, postspiracular scale yellow; proepisternum, pronotum yellow; anterior spiracle bare posteriorly, area surrounding it orange-yellow; proepimeron, proepisternum, anepisternum and katatergite with pale setulae, rest of pleura bare.
+
+
+Legs
+: All coxae yellow (sometimes lightly tinged with brown) and with pale setulae; all coxae with longer pale setulae on anterior surface, long pale setulae along posterior margin of fore and hind coxal posterolateral margins; hind coxa with well-developed anterior apical point; all trochanters yellow with some scattered short pale setulae; all femora yellow; hind femur with a light brown median band that can be difficult to observe; mid and hind femora with small anterior apical dark mark; fore and hind tibiae dark brown, mid tibia yellow; fore tarsi dark brown; mid and hind tarsi yellow, but appearing darker brown towards apex; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; fore and mid femora covered with pale setulae on all surfaces, additionally dorsoapical surface of both with some very short dark setulae; hind femur with longer pale setulae at base, mostly dark setulae on dorsal surface and mostly pale setulae on ventral surface, fore and hind femora anteriorly with shorter setulae and posteriorly with longer setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and mid tibiae covered in short dark setulae, hind tibia with longer dark setulae; combined length of hind tarsal segments subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2 (some specimens 1: 2: 2), mid spur orange-yellow, hind spur reddish-brown.
+
+
+Wing
+: Overall light brown suffused appearance; darker stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; darker elongated suffused substigmal marking over base of cell
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+, apex of cell
+br
+, base of discal cell and cell
+
+m
+3
+
+; additionally some slightly darker suffusion over basal half of cell
+br
+and vein
+CuA
+; veins brownish; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere entirely orange-yellow, with some very short dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Yellow to orange-yellow; tergites 1–3 yellow, remaining tergites more orange-yellow; tergites 2–4 with a lighter yellow anterior margin; tergites 2 and 3 with brown lateral markings; tergites 1–3 with a poorly defined suffused marking running along dorsal surface; sternites yellow; tergites with short black setulae on median-dorsal surface and long pale setulae on lateral margins; sternites with long pale setulae; tergite 1 without weak median longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Figs
+65
+,
+69
+): Epandrium reddish-orange, dark brown along apical margin, cercus dark brown with dark setulae; hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae; gonostylus somewhat tapering with truncated apex, outer edge of gonostylus with some scattered short setulae, inner edge with small protrusion with 2–4 setulae, apex of gonostylus sparsely covered in microtrichia; gonocoxite widening apically, subrectangular in shape, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer, ventral medial and lower surfaces with long setulae, inner surface of upper half with shorter setulae; gonocoxite with microtrichia between setulae; parameral apodeme ending with a hook-like apex, almost reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.8 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme similar in length to gonocoxite and slightly longer than ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature extending down past gonocoxites, apex of tines barely extending out past parameral sheath; endoaedeagal process apically truncated and widened.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+26
+): Similar to
+♂
+except for the following:
+
+
+Head
+: Orange-brown ground colour; dichoptic; lateral edge of eye without indentation (slight in
+♂
+); dorsal margin of eye more indented than in
+♂
+; vertex silver-grey when viewed anteriorly, wider than in
+♂
+with long dark setulae that are much more apparent than in
+♂
+, dark brown when viewed dorsally; upper frons appearing to extend up dorsal inner edge of eye with paired dark markings, but only visible when viewed anteriorly, otherwise area similarly silver-white pruinose; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired dark brown, almost black subrectangular markings on upper occiput that are taller than in
+♂
+; frons velvety-black from ocellar tubercle down to lower half of eye, silver-grey down to antennal base, if viewed anteroventrally velvety-black appearance seemingly extends down to between antennal bases; short dark setulose on velvety-black upper half of frons, bare on silver-white pruinose area past middle of eye; when viewed posterodorsally there is a clear divide between velvety-black upper half and silver-grey lower half of frons; frons at narrowest ca 2 × width of ocellar tubercle, widening slightly towards antennal base; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse emargination, deeper sutures laterally; clypeus orange base colour with slight whitish pruinosity; palpus basal segment orange-yellow with long pale setulae, apical segment black with silver-grey pruinosity and long dark setulae; proboscis with overall infuscated appearance, with ventral surface yellowish, dark setulae throughout.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Anepisternum light brown, more apparent on upper surface; similar pruinosity as in
+♂
+, but denser.
+
+
+Legs
+: Same patterning as in
+♂
+, but darker brown colour compared to lighter brown
+♂
+, especially evident on median band of hind femur.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+48
+). Overall light brown suffused appearance; darker stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+compared to
+♂
+; darker elongated suffused substigmal marking over base of cells
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+and
+
+r
+5
+
+, apex of cell
+br
+, base of discal cell and cells
+
+m
+3
+
+and
+
+m
+4
+
+; additionally some darker blotchy suffusion on basal half of cell
+br
+and widely suffused over vein
+CuA
+; darker suffused over apical half of cells
+
+r
+2 + 3
+and r
+4
+
+, apical third of cells
+
+r
+4
+
+,
+
+m
+3
+
+and
+
+m
+4
+
+and entirety of cells
+
+m
+1
+
+and
+
+m
+2
+
+; veins dark brown.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Similar to
+♂
+, lateral dark markings on tergites 2 and 3 only dark orange, not brown; suffused dorsal markings not evident on tergites.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+83
+): Cercus orange-yellow with pale setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme ending broadly truncated with a bilobed appearance; median lobe with wide, moderate emargination; paired apical lobes with somewhat slender appearance, inner surface with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three oblong and sclerotized spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Madagascar
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/6D/09/92/6D099293C6365372977C57FE70883391.xml b/data/6D/09/92/6D099293C6365372977C57FE70883391.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82997186cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/6D/09/92/6D099293C6365372977C57FE70883391.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina semiobscura
+Muller
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 34
+,
+53
+,
+86
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Uganda
+•
+1 ♀
+;
+Kibale
+National Park
+,
+Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station
+;
+
+00 ° 33.960 ' N
+,
+30 ° 21.267 ' E
+
+;
+
+1495 masl
+
+;
+
+12–26 Aug. 2008
+
+;
+S. van Noort
+leg.; UG 08 - KF 1 - M 11;
+Malaise trap
+, secondary mid-altitude
+Rainforest
+, marshy area; (SAM-DIP-A 018385).
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+:
+Central African Republic
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Prefecture
+Sangha-Mbaéré
+;
+Réserve Spéciale de Foret Dense de Szanga-Sangha
+,
+
+12.7 km
+326 ° NW Bayanga
+
+;
+
+03 ° 00.27 ' N
+,
+16 ° 11.53 ' E
+
+;
+
+420 masl
+
+;
+
+12–13 May 2001
+
+,
+S. van Noort
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+, CAR 01 - M 109,
+Lowland Rainforest
+; (SAM-DIP- 018431).
+Kenya
+
+•
+
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, nr. KFS HDQTRs;
+
+00 ° 14.2452 ' N
+,
+34 ° 51.9642 ' E
+
+;
+
+1620 masl
+
+;
+
+2–16 May 2017
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.;
+Indigenous forest
+;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+4020-26
+
+)
+
+•
+
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, nr. KFS HDQTRs;
+
+00 ° 14.2452 ' N
+,
+34 ° 51.9642 ' E
+
+;
+
+1620 masl
+
+;
+
+9 Apr. – 3 May 2017
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.;
+Indigenous forest
+;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, nr.
+Rondo Guest House
+;
+
+00 ° 13.6602 ' N
+,
+34 ° 53.1198 ' E
+
+;
+
+1630 masl
+
+;
+
+13–27 Aug. 2006
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.; across small permanent stream;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, nr.
+Rondo Guest House
+;
+
+00 ° 13.6602 ' N
+,
+34 ° 53.1198 ' E
+
+;
+
+1630 masl
+
+;
+
+8–22 Oct. 2006
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.; across small permanent stream;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+.
+
+
+Holotype
+deposited in
+SAM
+and
+paratypes
+deposited as per listed institutional codens in citations above:
+
+ICIPE
+
+,
+SAM
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+
+Suragina semiobscura
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+has its thorax dark brown to blackish with varying levels of bluish-grey pruinosity throughout, except for a yellow scutellum. The wing, uniquely, has its anterior half dark brown suffused, and posterior half light brown suffused, giving a two-toned appearance (Fig.
+53
+). The species is most similar to
+
+S. bezzii
+
+(See
+
+S. bezzii
+
+diagnosis), but the latter has the scutellum brown and tergites 4–6 orange, compared to dark brown in
+
+S. semiobscura
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♀
+n = 2): Wing span:
+9.9–10.5 mm
+(avg.
+10.2 mm
+); body length:
+9.2–9.5 mm
+(avg.
+9.4 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.): 1.1.
+
+
+Male.
+Unknown.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+34
+).
+
+
+
+Head
+: Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation; ocellar tubercle elevated, visible in profile, same velvety-black as upper half of frons, with short dark setulae; vertex bluish-grey pruinose, with dark setulae; anterior ocellus larger than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye with bluish-grey markings; occiput with silver-grey pruinosity; paired narrow black markings with short dark setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput otherwise with pale setulae; lower occiput lateral margins and medial surface with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have mix of pale and dark ventral setulae; lower half of frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening towards antennal base; frons setulae dark on upperhalf, pale on lower half; face and gena with silver-grey pruinosity, face with pale setulae, gena with dark setulae; clypeus with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face barely separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, with deeper sutures laterally; face much reduced in appearance, bulging laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile; antennal bases separated ca 1 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel, and 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow with some whitish pruinosity; pedicel in some specimens browner dorsally; 2
+nd
+flagellomere dark brown; scape and pedicel of similar size; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, ca 1.5 × as tall as pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus orange-brown with dense dark setulae ventrally and whitish pubescence dorsally; ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis orange-brown to dark brown, setulae dark with some scattered short pale setulae.
+
+
+
+Thorax
+: Scutum dark brown, median vittae unknown due to damage from preservation method; pronotum orange-yellow dorsally, with lateral margins dark brown; postpronotal lobe yellow, slightly whitish pruinose, setulae pale; notopleuron dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity with long pale setulae; postalar wall yellowish-brown with ridge dark setulose, postalar callus brown; scutellum yellow with long pale setulae, apical margin with long dark setulae; scutum setulae unknown, rubbed bare; all pleura dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, except for meron and anepimeron markedly less dusted; anepimeron with long pale setulae, anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum with pale setulae and proepimeron with dark setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings yellowish and dark brown respectively, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown; postscutellum dark brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore coxa yellow with apex brown, mid and hind coxae brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity on surface; fore coxa with long pale setulae anteriorly and apically with short dark setulae apically; mid and hind coxae with dark setulae on anterior surfaces, mid coxa with pale setulae at base; hind coxa with dark setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with longer pale setulae; all trochanters yellowish-brown with short dark setulae; fore femur yellow on at least basal half, dorsally with dark brown apex, some specimens with apical half to third dark brown; mid femur with apical third and extreme base dark brown, yellow medially; hind femur with dark brown medial band, basal quarter yellow, apical quarter orange-yellow; fore tibia dark brown, mid tibia yellow, hind tibia brown with apical third yellowish-brown; fore tarsi dark brown, mid and hind tarsi yellowish-brown with basal segments lighter; fore tarsal claws, empodium and pulvilli symmetrical; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore femur with long pale setulae on antero- and posteroventral surface, dorsally with short pale setulae, apically with dark setulae on dark dorsal marking; mid femur with short pale setulae and some longer pale setulae on ventral surface; hind femur with a mix of pale and dark setulae, setulae longer on ventral apex; all tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsal segments 0.9–1.0 × as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+53
+): Upper half of wing dark brown suffused, lower half light brown suffused; dark brown stigma over apex of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cells
+sc
+,
+
+r
+1
+
+, base of cell
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+; entirety of cells
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+and
+
+r
+4
+
+dark brown suffused, rest of radial and marginal cells and veins light brown suffused, including discal cell; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk orange-brown with knob darker brown, with some short and dark setulae.
+
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Tergite 1 yellow, posterior margin with a dark brown marginal band, narrowing around medial longitudinal suture; tergite 2 yellow with dark brown median longitudinal band appearing to extend from dark marginal band on tergite 1 and continuing down to tergite 3, additionally tergite 2 with paired narrow dark brown lateral markings; tergite 3 with some yellow markings on anterior margin; remaining tergites entirely dark brown; sternites 1–3 yellow, sternite 3 dark brown on posterior third, rest of sternites dark brown; tergite 1 with long pale setulae anteriorly and short dark setulae on dark posterior markings, tergite 2 with short dark setulae; remaining tergites with a mix of short pale and dark setulae on dorsal surfaces, all tergites laterally with long pale setulae; sternites with pale setulae on yellow segments, dark setulae on dark segments.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+86
+): Cercus dark orange-yellow with pale setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme ending broadly truncated and sharply bilobate; median lobe with deep and wide emargination; paired apical lobes with somewhat slender appearance, inner surface darkened with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded, wide, similar to apical lobes in width; three ovate and sclerotised spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+From the Latin
+semi
+“ half ” and
+obscurus
+“ dark or shady ”, describing the species’ wing that has its anterior half of wing dark brown suffused, contrasting with the lighter brown suffused posterior half. Feminine noun in the nominative singular case.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Central African Republic
+,
+Kenya
+,
+Uganda
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/7B/F8/16/7BF816565F42557CA54396592AB51BC1.xml b/data/7B/F8/16/7BF816565F42557CA54396592AB51BC1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57d3fc75151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/7B/F8/16/7BF816565F42557CA54396592AB51BC1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina mulanjeensis
+Muller
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 5
+,
+29
+,
+30
+,
+50
+,
+71
+,
+73
+,
+85
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Malawi
+•
+1 ♂
+; [Southern Region];
+Mulanje
+Mt. [
+Mulanje
+Massif] nr
+Likabula
+; [
+
+15 ° 56.983 ' S
+,
+35 ° 35.617 ' E
+
+];
+
+26–27 Oct. 1983
+
+;
+A. Freidberg
+leg.; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158398
+) (
+
+NMSA
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+:
+1 ♂
+6 ♀
+; same data as holotype (
+♂
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 162049
+;
+♀
+:
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158392
+,
+158393
+,
+158394
+,
+158395
+,
+158396
+,
+158397
+) (
+
+NMSA
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+4 ♀
+;
+Southern Region
+;
+Mulanje
+Mountain
+[
+Mulanje
+Massif] at:;
+
+15 ° 56.1667 ' S
+,
+35 ° 31.1982 ' E
+
+;
+
+1061 masl
+
+;
+
+12–14 Oct. 2016
+
+,
+A. H. Kirk-Spriggs
+&
+B. S. Muller
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+, stream bed;
+Miombo
+woodland; (
+♂
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 92379;
+♀
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 92374, 92375, 92377, 92378) (
+
+BMSA
+
+)
+
+.
+
+
+Holotype
+deposited in
+
+NMSA
+
+and
+paratypes
+deposited as per listed institutional codens in citations above:
+
+BMSA
+
+and
+
+NMSA
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+An orange-yellow species (Figs
+29
+,
+30
+), without apparent dark substigmal markings on the wing (Fig.
+50
+). The abdomen in most specimens has subtriangular markings on the majority of segments. It is most similar to
+
+S. milloti
+
+(Figs
+25
+,
+26
+), which is a Madagascan endemic. Apart from distribution,
+
+S. milloti
+
+differs from
+
+S. mulanjeensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+in having its abdominal tergites more uniformly orange-yellow and a much more prominent dark substigmal mark.
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♂
+n = 2,
+♀
+n = 2): Wing span:
+♂
+7.3–7.6 mm
+(avg.
+7.4 mm
+);
+♀
+7.9–8.5 mm
+(avg.
+8.2 mm
+); body length:
+♂
+8.4–9.2 mm
+(avg.
+8.8 mm
+);
+♀
+7.6–10.0 mm (avg.
+8.8 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.85;
+♀
+0.94.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+29
+).
+
+
+Head
+(Fig.
+5
+): Orange-brown ground colour, with silver-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic, some specimens’ eyes separated 0.5 × width of anterior ocellus; ommatidia on lower quarter of eye smaller than those on rest of eye; lateral edge of eye with indentation, and an apparent weak, dark tubercle just above indentation (more apparent in some specimens than others); ocellar tubercle clearly visible in profile, blackish-brown in colour with only slight grey pruinosity, with short dark setulae; vertex dark brown with greyish pruinosity and long dark setulose; anterior ocellus larger than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, not placed as deeply towards middle of head as in
+♀
+; dorsal inner edge of eye abutting ocellar tubercle; occiput with same silver-grey pruinosity as rest of head; paired very narrow subrectangular black markings with short dark setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with short pale setulae; lower occiput with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to premental area of mouthparts that have similar long ventral setulae; frons entirely bluish-grey pruinose when viewed dorsally, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle down to before antennal bases when viewed anteriorly; frons widening from where eyes touch down to antennal base; frons with short pale setulae up to two-thirds of frons towards ocellar tubercle; face and gena silver-grey, both with pale setulae; clypeus orange-brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by a deep transverse suture, similar to lateral sutures; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape dark brown, pedicel orange-yellow to orange-brown, both with silvery pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow, with sparse silvery pruinosity; 2
+nd
+flagellomere dark brown; scape slightly larger than pedicel; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, ca 1.4 × size of pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only pale dorsal setulae; palpus orange-brown with dense grey pruinosity or orange-yellow with only slight greyish pruinosity; palpus with dark setulae throughout, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis slightly shorter than head height; proboscis orange-yellow to almost entirely dark brown in colour, specimens with orange-yellow proboscis with lateral and ventral margins dark brown; prementum orange-yellow, proboscis with long dark setulae except for those on prementum that are long pale.
+
+
+Thorax
+(Fig.
+5
+): Thorax predominantly orange-yellow, including majority of pleura and scutum; scutum with short dark setulae, with two feint dorsocentral brownish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum to before transverse suture; pronotum yellow with whitish pruinosity and pale setulae; postpronotal lobe with similar yellow colour and whitish pruinosity as pronotum; postpronotal lobe with a mix of pale and dark setulae; notopleuron brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, with a mix of long pale and dark setulae throughout; postalar wall and postalar callus orange-yellow with only slight whitish pruinosity, supra-alar area and postalar callus with short dark setulae; scutellum orange-yellow with dark setulae, prescutellar area with bluish-grey pruinosity; pleura with slight whitish pruinosity, especially evident on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; majority of anepisternum dark brown and similar in appearance to notopleuron, contrasting with surrounding orange-yellow pleura; proepisternum and proepimeron, katatergite and anepisternum have long pale setulae, rest of pleura bare; anterior and posterior spiracles whitish-yellow, bare; postspiracular scale orange-yellow with brownish apical margins; postscutellum orange-yellow.
+
+
+Legs
+: All coxae yellow to orange-yellow; fore coxal setulae entirely pale or at most with a couple of dark setulae apically; mid coxal setulae mixed pale and dark; hind coxal setulae pale with some dark setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long pale setulae; fore and hind trochanters yellow, mid trochanter brownish-yellow, all trochanters with short pale setulae; fore and mid femora almost entirely yellow, except for slightly brown apex in some specimens; hind femur yellow with brown to dark brown median band; fore tibia yellow except for apical third brownish, mid tibia yellow, hind tibia brown to dark brown with base and apex yellowish-brown; fore and hind tarsi brown to dark brown, mid basitarsus yellow on majority of segment except for yellowish-brown apex, with remaining mid tarsal segements brown; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; fore femur overall with short pale setulae, with long pale setulae on posteroventral surface; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface, otherwise with short pale setulae; hind femur with a mix of pale and dark setulae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, base of femur with pale setulae; fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsal length subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+: Hyaline; darker brown stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; apical third of wing with a brown suffused appearance, except for discal cell, and cells
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+,
+
+m
+4
+
+hyaline; cell
+br
+medially suffused; cells
+bm
+and
+cua
+hyaline apart from suffusion around surrounding veins
+CuA
+and
+CuP
+; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed near wing margin, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk yellow, knob yellowish-brown, with a few short and dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Overall brownish-yellow to yellow in colour; tergites 1 and 2 typically without any markings, some specimens each with a dorsal longitudinal subrectangular median dark brown marking; tergite 3 always with a dorsal subtriangular brown suffused marking, some specimens with an additional longitudinal subrectangular dark brown marking over suffused marking; tergites 4–6 each with brown to dark brown suffused dorsal marking, in some specimens this is much reduced and dorsal surface is mostly brownish-yellow; tergites 3–6 with grey pruinose band along posterior margin; tergites 2–6 with elongated dark lateral markings, some specimens these markings are very light and almost indistinguishable; tergite 1 medially without a longitudinal suture; tergites 1–5 with dark setulae dorsally, and long pale setulae on lateral margins; tergite 6 with dark lateral setulae; sternites yellowish, with some irregular dark markings on sternites 4 and 5; sternites with pale setulae.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Figs
+71
+,
+73
+): Epandrium and cercus dark brown with dark setulae; hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae, gonocoxite with dark lateral setulae and pale inner setulae; gonostylus almost parallel shaped with a truncated apex, outer edge of gonostylus with short setulae, inner edge with protrusion with 4 setulae, apical third of gonostylus sparsely covered in microtrichia; gonocoxite widening and appearing more rounded on apical half, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer and ventral medial surface with long setulae, inner and ventral surfaces of upper half with short setulae, lower ventral surface setulose; gonocoxite with microtrichia between setulae; parameral apodeme with truncated apex, not reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.7 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme similar in length to gonocoxite and slightly longer than ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature barely extending down past gonocoxites, apex of tines not extending out past parameral sheath; endoaedeagal process apically truncated and widened.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+30
+): Similar to
+♂
+except for the following:
+
+
+Head
+: Dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation, but also with apparent tubercle as in
+♂
+; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle placed deeper in front of dorsal margin of eye compared to
+♂
+; dorsal inner edge of eye separated from ocellar tubercle by pair of silver-grey markings, appearing to extend down from vertex, which is more bluish-grey pruinose (more greyish in
+♂
+); occiput with paired subrectangular black markings ca 2 × height of those on
+♂
+upper occiput; frons bluish-grey pruinose between lower half of eye down to antennal base, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye when viewed dorsally, when viewed anteriorly entire frons appears blackish, although lower half is shinier than upper velvety-black half; frons widening only slightly from velvety-black patch towards antennal bases; frons with dark setulae on velvety-black upper half and pale setulae on bluish-grey lower half; face and gena silvery-grey pruinose, clypeus with bluish-grey pruinosity; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by transverse suture, (less prominent, and angle more obtuse than in
+♂
+); antennal bases separated ca 0.4–0.6 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; 1
+st
+flagellomere ca 1.5 × size of pedicel; proboscis ca same length as head height.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Similar to that of
+♂
+, except whitish pruinosity is denser than in
+♂
+.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore and mid coxae with a slight white pruinosity; fore coxal setulae entirely pale; all trochanters yellow; fore and mid femora entirely yellow; hind femur with similar dark median band as in
+♂
+, but band is narrower than in
+♂
+; rest of leg colouration similar to that of
+♂
+; fore tarsal claws symmetrical; overall leg setation similar to
+♂
+except generally shorter.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+50
+): Similar to
+♂
+.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Overall orange-yellow to yellow in colour; in some specimens tergites almost entirely unmarked except for some darker markings on tergite 7, in other specimens tergites 1–6 with subtriangular dark suffused markings, varying in intensity, tergite 7 with two dark markings and tergite 8 entirely dark; tergites 2 and 6 with elongated dark lateral markings, intensity differs between specimens; all sternites apparently yellow, some dark discolouration due to dried gut contents; tergite 1 with weak median longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+85
+): Cercus yellowish-brown with pale setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme ending in a truncated broad knob; median lobe without a clear emargination; paired apical lobes with somewhat slender appearance, inner surface with inward projecting knob that has clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three rounded and sclerotised spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+Named after the
+type
+locality, the
+Mulanje
+Massif,
+Malawi
+. Feminine adjective in the nominative singular case.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Malawi
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/80/B5/31/80B531558243504BB8C854C77E1B64DB.xml b/data/80/B5/31/80B531558243504BB8C854C77E1B64DB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b96d50b59a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/80/B5/31/80B531558243504BB8C854C77E1B64DB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina liberiaensis
+Muller
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 7
+,
+22
+,
+46
+,
+81
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Liberia
+•
+1 ♀
+; [
+Margibi
+]; [Harbel],
+Roberts Field
+; [
+
+6 ° 04.91 ' N
+,
+10 ° 20.96 ' W
+
+];
+
+23 Jul. 1945
+
+;
+R. F Lawrence
+leg.;
+Briscoe Collection
+; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158443
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+: •
+1 ♀
+; same data as holotype; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158445
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+; [
+Margibi
+]; [Harbel],
+Roberts Field
+; [
+
+6 ° 04.91 ' N
+,
+10 ° 20.96 ' W
+
+];
+
+9 Jul. 1945
+
+;
+R. F Lawrence
+leg.;
+Briscoe Collection
+; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158442
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+; [
+Margibi
+]; [Harbel],
+Roberts Field
+; [
+
+6 ° 04.91 ' N
+,
+10 ° 20.96 ' W
+
+];
+
+10 Jul. 1945
+
+;
+R. F Lawrence
+leg.;
+Briscoe Collection
+; (
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158444
+)
+
+.
+
+
+Holotype
+and
+paratypes
+deposited in
+
+NMSA
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+An overall dark brown almost black species with only the legs partially yellow (Fig.
+22
+). The upper occiput of head with large black markings running down to occipital foramen (Fig.
+7
+). The thorax pruinosity and wing colouration similar to species such as
+
+S. freidbergi
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+and
+
+S. zombaensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+, but differs by the scutellum being blackish without any yellow margins (Fig.
+7
+). Abdomen dark brown, somewhat more yellowish from sternite 5 onwards.
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♀
+n = 3): Wing span:
+7.1–7.9 mm
+(avg.
+7.6 mm
+); body length: 8.3–9.0 mm (avg.
+8.7 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.): 0.87.
+
+
+Male.
+Unknown.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+22
+).
+
+
+Head
+(Fig.
+7
+): Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation; ocellar tubercle elevated, visible in profile, dark setulose, bluish-grey pruinose; vertex bluish-grey pruinose, with pale setulae; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings, same bluish-grey pruinose as rest of head; occiput similarly bluish-grey pruinose; paired black markings with dark setulae on upper occiput running down to occipital foramen, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput otherwise with pale setulae; lower occiput with lateral margins with long dark setulae, and long pale setulae medially, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have mix of pale and dark ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening only slightly towards antennal base; frons with mixed pale and dark setulae; face and gena bluish-grey with pale and darker setulae respectively; clypeus black with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, deeper sutures laterally; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 1 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel orange to orange-brown with white pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere entirely orange or at least orange at base, brown apically, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brown; scape and pedicel of similar size; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, 2 × size of pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus velvety-black on apical half with scattered white pruinosity, orange on basal half, with dark setulae throughout; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis brownish on apical half, orange on basal half with long pale setulae dorsally, dark setulae ventrally.
+
+
+Thorax
+(Figs
+7
+): Scutum shining black with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum to before scutellum; pronotum bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; postpronotal lobe orange-brown, slight bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; notopleuron bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae just behind postpronotal lobe and rest of surface with dark setulae; postalar wall and postalar callus brown with bluish-grey pruinosity; scutellum brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, apical margin yellow; scutum generally with short dark setulae with postsutural setulae longer than presutural setulae, especially prescutellar setulae; majority of pleura bluish-grey pruinose, except for anatergite, anepimeron, part of meron brown; all pleura that are bluish-grey pruinose have long pale setulae; anepimeron with long pale setulae, anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings brownish-yellow, bare; postspiracular scale yellow-brown; postscutellum brown.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore coxa yellow with brown anterior surface, mid and hind coxae brown, all coxae with some degree of bluish-grey pruinosity on surface; fore coxa with dark setulae anteriorly and some interspersed with some pale setulae especially on posterior surface; mid coxa with long dark setulae on anterior surface, sparsely setulose along posterior margin; hind coxa with long dark setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long pale setulae; all trochanters yellow-brown with short pale setulae; fore femur yellow with apical dorsal surface dark brown, some brown markings at base; mid and hind femora dark brown, both yellow at extreme base and apex; fore and hind tibiae and tarsi dark brown, mid tibia and tarsi yellow; fore tarsal claws and pulvilli symmetrical, pulvilus and empodium of similar size; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; all femora with pale setulae, some darker setulae on dorsal surface of fore femur; all femora with long pale setulae on apical ventral and posteroventral surfaces; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface; all tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsal segments 0.9–1.0 × as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+46
+): Brown suffused on apical half starting at
+
+R
+4 + 5
+
+fork, continuing along edge of wing to anal lobe; darker brown stigma and substigmal marking over apex of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cells
+sc
+,
+
+r
+1
+
+, base of cell
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+, crossvein
+r – m
+, bases of discal cell, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+and apex of cell
+br
+; cell
+bm
+hyaline; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk yellow, knob brown, with some short and dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Entirely dark brown, tergites and sternites without apparent darker markings; tergites with short black setulae on dorsal surface, long pale setulae laterally; tergite 1 with bluish-grey pruinosity, medially with a longitudinal suture, remaining tergites with similar pruinosity when viewed at an angle; sternites with long pale setulae similar to those on tergites.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+81
+): Cercus dark brown with dark setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme ending broadly with shallow fork; median lobe with evenly curved edge; paired apical lobes slender, wider than arms, inner surface with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three shortly oval and sclerotized spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+Named after the
+type
+locality country,
+Liberia
+. Feminine adjective in the nominative singular case.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Liberia
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/87/22/3A/87223A1F4D175DA4A03A933766F3B45E.xml b/data/87/22/3A/87223A1F4D175DA4A03A933766F3B45E.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea4fed7a10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/87/22/3A/87223A1F4D175DA4A03A933766F3B45E.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa
+×
+tschimganica
+Botschantz., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. SSR.
+
+16: 10 (1961)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 44
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Uzbekistan
+• Grown in the Botanical Garden of the
+
+Academy of
+Sciences of Uzbek
+
+SSR from bulbs collected by
+Z. P. Botschantzeva
+in
+1959 in
+the gorge in piedmonts of Greater Chimgan, on fine earth among stones, Botschantzeva 99 (
+holotype
+TASH 000526!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+, Kirgizstan, and
+Uzbekistan
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Western Tian Shan. This species grows on rubbly and stony slopes in lower and middle mountain belts (
+1400–1700 m
+a. s. l.).
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+Not assessed at the global level. However, this nothospecies is not protected in
+Kazakhstan
+.
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa
+×
+tschimganica
+
+was described in 1961 by Z. P. Botschantzeva from specimens grown in the Tashkent Botanical Garden from bulbs collected in Bolshoi Chimgan Gorge (
+Uzbekistan
+) (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). In
+Kazakhstan
+, the species was first discovered in
+2003 in
+the territory of the Keles Forestry, Karabausai tract (Karzhantau Ridge) along the rubbly hollows of the northwestern and north-eastern slopes at an altitude of
+1600–1700 m
+a. s. l. (
+Ivashchenko et al. 2006
+). The origin of this species is relatively controversial; some consider it a separate species (
+Botschantzeva 1962
+;
+Van Raamsdonk et al. 1997
+;
+Pratov et al. 2006
+;
+Zonneveld 2009
+), whereas others consider it a hybrid of
+
+T. greigii
+
+and
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+(
+Vvedensky and Kovalevskaya 1971
+)
+
+or a hybrid of
+
+T. dubia
+
+and
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+(
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+)
+
+.
+Tojibaev (2010)
+and
+Tojibaev and Beshko (2014)
+previously considered this species a subspecies of
+
+T. kaufmanniana subsp. tschimganica
+
+but it was listed as a separate species later in the synopsis of the genus
+
+Tulipa
+
+(
+Liliaceae
+) in
+Uzbekistan
+(
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/88/D8/73/88D8737A3B6E555A824409D6B1D206B5.xml b/data/88/D8/73/88D8737A3B6E555A824409D6B1D206B5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6109b99dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/88/D8/73/88D8737A3B6E555A824409D6B1D206B5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa dianaeverettiae
+J. de Groot & Zonn., Int. Rock Gard.
+
+122: 7 (2020)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 18
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• Altai. Altai Pass, approximately
+
+1800 m
+
+altitude, cult.
+
+J. J. de Groot
+
+(L 3986813)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+This species grows in open sunny places in dry sandy soil mixed with stones in the
+Altai
+.
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa dianaeverettiae
+
+is a critically endangered species globally (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa dianaeverettiae
+
+was described in 2020 by
+de Groot and Zonneveld (2020)
+from cultivated plants grown in
+the Netherlands
+from seeds collected by W. Lemmers in
+Kazakhstan
+(Alatai Pass Kurchumskiy Ridge) in 2001.
+
+Tulipa dianaeverettiae
+
+is distinguishable from other closely related species (
+
+T. biflora
+
+,
+
+T. kolbintsevii
+
+and
+
+T. patens
+
+) by the presence of short hairs on the stem, particularly on the leaf margin, and by a distinct capsule with a small dome at the apex. The authors reported that this is the only species of the sect.
+
+Biflores
+
+growing at an altitude of
+1800 m
+a. s. l. in the Altai Mountains. The flowers of
+
+T. dianaeverettiae
+
+have a sweet odor (
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2020
+). Currently, little information is available on the distribution and population status of this species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa dianae-verettiae
+
+in Kazakhstan. (Photo by J. J. de Groot).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/8A/FA/92/8AFA92174EEB57FBB1CC544B7FBB11A8.xml b/data/8A/FA/92/8AFA92174EEB57FBB1CC544B7FBB11A8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d86a2102375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/8A/FA/92/8AFA92174EEB57FBB1CC544B7FBB11A8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+
+
+
+Integrative review of Xylomoia strix, X. retinax and X. stangelmaieri (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae, Apameini)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Haverinen, Risto
+0000-0001-8072-847X
+Ripako Oy, Vantaa, Finland & Estonian Society of Lepidopterologists, Tallinn, Estonia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pototski, Aleksander
+0000-0002-1843-3627
+Estonian Society of Lepidopterologists, Tallinn, Estonia & Lasnamäe Gymnasium, Tallinn, Estonia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mutanen, Marko
+0000-0003-4464-6308
+Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, P. O. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mikalauskas, Darius
+https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2145-8747
+Lithuanian Entomological Society, Akademijos str. 2, 08412 Vilnius- 21, Lithuania
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Yakovlev, Roman V.
+0000-0001-9512-8709
+Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Tomsk State University, Lenina pr. 36, RUS- 634050 Tomsk, Russia & Western Caspian University, Istiglaliyyat Street, 31. Baku 1001, Azerbaijan & Samarkand State University, University blv. 15, 140104 Samarkand, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Müller, Günter C.
+0000-0002-7024-0179
+University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali & Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Kalman Ya’akov Man St., 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Prozorov, Alexey M.
+0000-0002-5668-0741
+University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali & Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner str. 2, D- 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany & Bavarian Natural History Collections (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausen str. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Saldaitis, Aidas
+0000-0003-0999-3996
+Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, 08412 Vilnius- 21, Lithuania
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+1221
+
+
+309
+342
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1221.132205
+29DE1440-2C8F-4B06-A9F9-78494E587455
+
+
+
+
+
+Xylomoia strix retinax
+Mikkola, 1998
+
+stat. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 3
+,
+36–41
+,
+65–68
+,
+87–89
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Xylomoia strix retinax
+
+Mikkola, 1998
+:
+Systematic Entomology
+23: 181.
+TL
+: “
+Russia
+, Western Siberia, Akademgorodok (
+40 km
+SE
+Novosibirsk
+). ”
+Holotype
+male,
+
+ZMHF
+
+[examined].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Distinguished from
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+by smaller pollex (Figs
+65–68
+), from both congeners by lack of dark medial field on forewing (Figs
+36–41
+), fold of ductus bursae (Figs
+87–89
+) and genetically, having an average
+p
+- distance of 1.75 % from
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+and 0.33 % from
+
+X. strix strix
+
+. Average
+p
+- distance between
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+and
+
+X. graminea
+
+is 2.36 %,
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+and
+
+X. chagnoni
+
+, 7.22 %, and
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+and
+
+X. indirecta
+
+, 8.13 % (Fig.
+90
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri
+
+. Depositories:
+42, 44–45
+CRH
+43
+ASV
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+
+. Depositories:
+54, 55
+ASV
+56, 57
+CRH
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+ASV
+)
+
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix retinax
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Female genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri
+
+. Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Depositories:
+69
+ASV
+70, 71
+CRH
+. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Female genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Female genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Female genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Female genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Female genitalia of
+
+Xylomoia strix retinax
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+. Abbreviations: h – hind signum. Scale bar: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+Variability.
+
+
+Adults.
+May be dark-colored with brownish tinge (Figs
+36–38
+) or pale-colored with yellowish tinge (Figs
+39–41
+), submarginal area may be dark (e. g., Fig.
+36
+) or pale (e. g., Fig.
+38
+).
+Male genitalia.
+Uncus may gradually get thin towards apex (Figs
+66
+,
+68
+) or only be thin near its apex (Figs
+65
+,
+67
+), saccus varies in size, carina may be more (e. g., Fig.
+65
+) or less pronounced (e. g., Fig.
+67
+), additional cornutus similar to the basal one may be present near carina (Fig.
+66
+), basal cornutus varies in size from small (e. g., Fig.
+65
+) to large (e. g., Fig.
+66
+), medial cornutus may be almost straight (Fig.
+65
+) or c-shaped (e. g., Fig.
+67
+).
+Female genitalia.
+Antevaginal plate slightly varies in thickness, bursa copulatrix and hind signum vary in size (Figs
+87–89
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution area.
+
+
+Russia
+(
+Orenburg
+,
+Chelyabinsk
+,
+Omsk
+,
+Novosibirsk
+Oblasts and
+Altai Republic
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood, HKY + F + I, 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates) for
+
+Xylomoia
+spp.
+
+built in IQ-TREE 2.2. 0 and pairwise distances (%) computed for each pair of taxa in MEGA X.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Collecting localities of
+
+Xylomoia strix
+
+subspecies:
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+in Italy,
+
+X. strix strix
+
+in Europe, and
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+in Asia. Colored tags mark collecting locations from where adults were barcoded. Circles with stars mark type localities
+91
+physical map
+92
+map of ecoregions: green colors indicate forests and steppes, purple – taiga (see
+ecoregions. appspot. com
+).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/8B/36/DA/8B36DAA9D2AC58918C743506BBA47735.xml b/data/8B/36/DA/8B36DAA9D2AC58918C743506BBA47735.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..678a4aec1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/8B/36/DA/8B36DAA9D2AC58918C743506BBA47735.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Sect.
+
+Biflores A. D. Hall ex Veldkamp & Zonn.
+,
+Pl. Syst. Evol. 298: 89 (2012)
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+—
+
+
+Tulipa biflora
+Pall., Reise Russ. Reich.
+
+3: 727 (1776)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/8C/67/A5/8C67A5B53E5F5244851C9BE72DA15B7D.xml b/data/8C/67/A5/8C67A5B53E5F5244851C9BE72DA15B7D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..479f975f060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/8C/67/A5/8C67A5B53E5F5244851C9BE72DA15B7D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Sect.
+
+Kolpakowskianae Raamsd. ex Zonn
+. & Veldkamp.,
+Pl. Syst. Evol. 298: 90 (2012)
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+—
+
+
+T. kolpakowskiana
+Regel, Trudy Imp. S. Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada
+
+5: 266 (1877)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/8F/31/24/8F31242616C55945AFD51703E7164CD1.xml b/data/8F/31/24/8F31242616C55945AFD51703E7164CD1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e34696b2fd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/8F/31/24/8F31242616C55945AFD51703E7164CD1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa bifloriformis
+Vved., Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii
+
+2: 320 (1971)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 12
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Uzbekistan
+•
+Tian-Schan
+occidentalis, in collibus argillosis circa urb.
+Taschkent
+,
+
+19 March 1923
+
+,
+
+M. G. Popov
+&
+A. I. Vvedensky
+
+1036 (
+holotype
+TASH 000502!;
+isotypes
+BM, H 1200916, K)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Karatau, Kyrgyz Alatau, Kyzylorda, Moiynkum, Turkestan, and Western Tian Shan. This species grows on the clay, stony, and rubbly slopes of hills, steppes and semi-desert foothill plains.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa bifloriformis
+
+is assessed as least concern at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa bifloriformis
+
+was described by Vvedensky in 1935 from herbarium material collected near Tashkent in 1923. Later, a complete diagnosis of this species was published in ‘ Conspectus Florae Asiae Mediae’ (
+Vvedensky and Kovalevskaya 1971
+). This species is morphologically similar to
+
+T. biflora
+
+, differing in its leathery bulb sheaths and drooping buds before flowering. Externally,
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+is similar to
+
+T. buhseana
+
+but differs in its tomentose bulb sheaths on the inner side (
+Vvedensky and Kovalevskaya 1971
+). This species often inhabits open slopes after landslides and forms dense carpets that spread vegetatively (
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+
+Stuckenberg (1960)
+notes “ eyes not contiguous ” for the male from Vumba, but upon examination, the said specimen has eyes touching briefly, not “ very narrowly separated ” throughout. The Vumba specimen has markings on tergites 1 and 2, these are absent from the Eshowe specimen of
+Stuckenberg (1960)
+. Similarly, the current Kenyan specimens examined also have tergites 1 and 2 with some slight markings similar to that of the Vumba specimen as described by
+Stuckenberg (1960)
+.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♂
+n = 5,
+♀
+n = 5): Wing span:
+♂
+7.0–
+8.2 mm
+(avg.
+7.9 mm
+);
+♀
+8.3–8.6 mm
+(avg.
+8.4 mm
+); body length:
+♂
+9.0–
+10.1 mm
+(avg.
+9.6 mm
+);
+♀
+8.7–9.5 mm
+(avg.
+8.9 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.82;
+♀
+0.94.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+9
+).
+
+
+
+Head
+: Orange-yellow colour, with silver-white pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye with slight indentation (absent in
+♀
+); ocellar tubercle slightly more elevated than frons, bare, colour black; vertex silver-white pruinose, with long pale setulae; anterior ocellus larger than posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, margin less indented than in
+♀
+; vertex narrower than in
+♀
+; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired narrow dark brown, almost black (taller in
+♀
+) markings with pale setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with short, pale setulae on dorsal margin and on rest of upper surface, lower occiput with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have similar pale ventral setulae; frons silver-white up to narrow area before eyes touch when viewed dorsally, dark velvety-brown when viewed anteriorly; frons at narrowest where eyes touch, widening towards antennal base; frons bare; face and gena silver-white with pale setulae, clypeus orange with silver-white pruinosity, bare; face separated from clypeus by a prominent, deep suture on anterior and lateral edges; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove; scape, pedicel, 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brownish; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, only slightly larger than pedicel and scape; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; scape and pedicel with pale dorsal and ventral setulae of similar size, palpus orange-yellow, well-developed, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis comparatively same size as that of
+♀
+in relation to head; proboscis orange-yellow with long pale setulae, shorter setulae ventrally; some scattered small dark setulae on proboscis and palpus.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Majority of surface orange-yellow, median dorsal surface of scutum and scutellum with short dark setulae, remainder of thorax with longer pale setulae, especially on pleura and lateral surface of scutellum; postsutural setulae similar to presutural setulae, except for longer prescutellar setulae; postpronotal lobe slightly lighter orange-yellow in colour compared to rest of thorax, with pale setulae; scutum and scutellum uniformly orange-yellow without any vittae; pleura generally orange-yellow in colour with except for anepisternum that has a dark brown marking; anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite lightly silver-white dusted; notopleuron with long pale setulae; area surrounding posterior spiracle orange-yellow, postspiracular scale orange-yellow, same colour as rest of thorax; proepisternum, pronotum orange-yellow; anterior spiracle bare posteriorly; proepimeron, proepisternum with pale setulae, anepisternum with pale setulae; katatergite with pale setulae; rest of pleura bare.
+
+
+Legs
+: Coxae orange-yellow; fore and mid coxae with long pale setulae on surface, hind coxa with long pale setulae on anterior and lateral apical edges, and with well-developed anterior apical point; all trochanters same orange-yellow colour as rest of body with some scattered short pale setulae; all femora uniformly orange-yellow; mid and hind femora with small anterior apical dark mark; fore tibia darker orange-brown except for proximal area which is orange-yellow, mid and hind tibiae orange-yellow; all tarsi with somewhat darker appearance, similar in colour to fore tibia, middle basal tarsomere lighter; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; fore and mid femora covered with pale setulae on all surfaces except for dorso-apical surface with short dark setulae, hind femur with mixed long pale and dark setulae on dorsal and ventral surface, basally with long pale setulae, anteriorly with short setulae and posteriorly with longer setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and mid tibiae covered in short dark setulae, hind tibia with longer dark setulae; hind tarsal segments 0.97–1.05 × as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 1: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+: Slight light brown suffused appearance; with a slightly yellow-brown stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; veins light brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere almost entirely orange-yellow, with very short dark setulae and slightly infuscated apically.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Orange-yellow, tergites and sternites without apparent dark markings (some specimens may appear darkened due to dicolouration due to dried gut contents); tergites and sternites similar in colour with short black setulae on median-dorsal surface of tergites, rest of surface of abdomen covered in long pale setulae; tergite 1 with weak median longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Figs
+55
+,
+59
+): Entirely orange-yellow in colour; epandrium and cercus with dark setulae, hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae; gonostylus tapering with truncated apex, outer ventral surface of gonostylus base with 3 short setulae, rest of gonostylus appearing bare; gonocoxite widening and appearing more rounded on apical half, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer and ventral medial surface with long setulae, inner surface of upper half with short setulae; parameral apodeme short, not reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.7 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme ca 1.2 × length of gonocoxite and similar in length to ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature extending down past gonocoxites.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+10
+): Similar to
+♂
+except for the following:
+
+
+Head
+: Dichoptic; lateral edge of eye without indentation (slight in
+♂
+); ocellar tubercle with short dark setulae; dorsal margin of eye more indented than in
+♂
+; vertex wider than in
+♂
+, dark directly behind ocellar tubercle up to posterior of eye margin (in anterior view), appearing silver-white when viewed dorsally; dorsal inner edge of eye with paired dark markings but only visible when viewed anteriorly, otherwise area similarly silver-white pruinose; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired dark brown, almost black (taller than in
+♂
+) markings on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; frons velvety-black from ocellar tubercle down to lower half of eye, silver-white down to antennal base; frons dark setulose on velvety-black area, pale setulose on silver-white pruinose area (
+♂
+bare), at narrowest 1.8 × width of ocellar tubercle, widening slightly towards antennal base; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, deeper sutures laterally; 1
+st
+flagellomere comparatively much larger than in
+♂
+.
+
+
+Thorax
+(Fig.
+1
+): Scutum more densely setulose than in
+♂
+.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore tarsi symmetrical; setulae of femora overall shorter (compared to
+♂
+) except for preapical area of fore femur that has long pale setulae; hind femur with mix of short pale and dark setulae; hind tarsal segments 0.92–1.02 × as long as hind tibia.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+37
+): Similar to
+♂
+.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Dark dorsal setulae on tergites appearing longer towards posterior of abdomen.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+75
+): Cercus orange-yellow with pale setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme broad, forked; median lobe with shallow apical emargination; paired apical lobes with slender appearance and inner surface gradually rounded with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three ovate-shaped and sclerotised spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Kenya
+(new record),
+Malawi
+(new record),
+South Africa
+,
+Zimbabwe
+.
+
+
+
+
+Behaviour.
+
+David Cookson wrote on a specimen label, collected in 1964 from Northern Vumba: “ This dabs at water-surface like a tabanid and settles on bushes with a blob of water on its mouth parts ”.
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/91/F8/CC/91F8CC72D3B2509BA5887124EA6AAE59.xml b/data/91/F8/CC/91F8CC72D3B2509BA5887124EA6AAE59.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c964da063fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/91/F8/CC/91F8CC72D3B2509BA5887124EA6AAE59.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa turkestanica
+(Regel) Regel, Trudy Imp. S. Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada
+
+3: 296 (1875)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 43
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Uzbekistan
+• ‘ Chiwa’,
+Korolkow
+&
+Krause
+(COI- 00050870) [
+lectotype
+designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 325
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+,
+Uzbekistan
+, and
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Western Tian Shan, Karatau. This species grows in clayey and gravelly slopes from the foothills to the alpine zone (
+800–3000 m
+a. s. l.).
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa turkestanica
+
+is a least concern species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – June; fruiting June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+Eduard Ludvigovich Regel originally described
+
+T. turkestanica
+
+as
+
+Tulipa sylvestris var. turkestanica
+Regel
+
+in 1873, but later reclassified it as an independent species in 1875 (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). Morphologically, this species is similar to
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+, which differs by its erect buds and woolly pubescence at the top of the bulb scales (
+Vvedensky 1935
+). Transitional forms close to
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+and
+
+T. orthopoda
+
+occur in nature (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+), making identifying these taxa difficult. These forms have been poorly studied and require additional research. The range of
+
+T. turkestanica
+
+might be restricted to Pamir-Alai, and this species might have been replaced by
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+in
+Kazakhstan
+. However, this hypothesis requires further confirmation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa turkestanica
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+flowers
+D
+tepals and stamens
+E
+gynoecium and stamens
+F
+stamens
+G
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A – G
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/95/61/1C/95611CBB23235FEB860E6FD23255AC91.xml b/data/95/61/1C/95611CBB23235FEB860E6FD23255AC91.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5b4a262b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/95/61/1C/95611CBB23235FEB860E6FD23255AC91.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa altaica
+Pall. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg.
+
+, ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 63 (1825).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 7
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+• ‘ Mons Imaus’
+Pallas
+(not located).
+Neotype
+: Ledebour, Ic. Pl. Ross. 2: t. 134 (1830) [designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 304
+].
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+),
+Kazakhstan
+and
+Russia
+(
+Altai
+, west Siberia) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Altai
+, Betpak-Dala, Eastern Upland, Tarbagatai, Western Upland, and Zaysan. This species grows on stony slopes of low mountains and steppe areas at the foot of mountains, as well as among shrubs on rubbly slopes.
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa altaica
+
+is assessed as least concern at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+This species was first collected by P. S. Pallas in Altai (Mount Imaus) in the late 18
+th
+century. However, it was first described in 1825 by the German botanist Kurt Sprengel (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). In the past, this species was recorded only in the Bektauata Mountain, Eastern Upland of
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+;
+Kupriyanov 2020
+). In this study, however, a new location was found in the Kokshetau Mountains (Karamysheva
+s. n.
+LE), Western Upland of
+Kazakhstan
+, which significantly extended its distribution range.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/92/26/989226639B72509680F146A7E856CDA8.xml b/data/98/92/26/989226639B72509680F146A7E856CDA8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49910478a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/92/26/989226639B72509680F146A7E856CDA8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina copelandi
+Muller
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 16
+,
+17
+,
+40
+,
+58
+,
+62
+,
+79
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Togo
+•
+1 ♂
+:
+Plateaux
+;
+Kuma Tokpli
+;
+
+06 ° 58.30 ' N
+,
+00 ° 34.15 ' E
+
+;
+
+486 masl
+
+;
+
+21–24 Jan. 2016
+
+;
+A. H. Kirk-Spriggs
+leg.; well-vegetated stream bed;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 83426) (
+
+BMSA
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+:
+9 ♂
+8 ♀
+; same data as holotype; (
+♂
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 83421, 83425, 83427, 83428, 83429, 83430, 83431, 83432, 83435;
+♀
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 83422, 83423, 83424, 83433, 83434, 83436, 83437, 83438).
+Togo
+
+•
+
+3 ♂
+9 ♀
+;
+Plateaux
+;
+Dzogbegan Monastary
+;
+
+07 ° 14.27 ' N
+,
+00 ° 41.56 ' E
+
+;
+
+762 masl
+
+;
+
+24–25 Jan. 2016
+
+;
+A. H. Kirk-Spriggs
+leg.; vegetated stream bed;
+Malaise trap
+(
+♂
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 84681, 84682, 84691;
+♀
+:
+
+BMSA
+
+(D) 84684, 84683, 84685, 84686, 84689, 84690, 84687, 84688, 84697)
+
+•
+
+2 ♀
+;
+Plateaux
+:
+Zogbégan-Carrière
+, (
+
+SE
+von Badou
+
+),
+Région des Plateaux
+;
+
+07 ° 34.8333 ' N
+,
+00 ° 40.05 ' E
+
+;
+
+650 masl
+
+;
+
+23–26 Apr. 2008
+
+;
+A. Ssymank
+leg.; NN MF, FO: 7093 (
+
+CSCA
+
+).
+Kenya
+
+•
+
+3 ♀
+;
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, nr.
+Rondo Guest House
+;
+
+00 ° 13.6602 ' N
+,
+34 ° 53.1198 ' E
+
+;
+
+1630 masl
+
+;
+
+13–27 Aug. 2006
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.; across small permanent stream;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, nr.
+Rondo Guest House
+;
+
+00 ° 13.6602 ' N
+,
+34 ° 53.1198 ' E
+
+;
+
+1630 masl
+
+;
+
+24. Sep – 8. Oct. 2006
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.; across small permanent stream;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, nr.
+Rondo Guest House
+;
+
+00 ° 13.6602 ' N
+,
+34 ° 53.1198 ' E
+
+;
+
+1630 masl
+
+;
+
+8–22 Oct. 2006
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.; across small permanent stream;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, behind W.
+Okeka
+house;
+
+00 ° 14.13 ' N
+,
+34 ° 51.87 ' E
+
+;
+
+1550 masl
+
+;
+
+10–24 Feb. 2007
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.; just inside forest;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Western Province
+;
+Kakamega
+Forest
+, behind W.
+Okeka
+house;
+
+00 ° 14.13 ' N
+,
+34 ° 51.87 ' E
+
+;
+
+1550 masl
+
+;
+
+24 Feb. – 10 Oct. 2007
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.; just inside forest;
+Malaise trap
+(
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Western Province
+;
+Mt Elgon Lodge
+; [
+
+1 ° 23.309 ' S
+,
+34 ° 48.322 ' E
+
+];
+
+1–6 Nov. 1983
+
+;
+A. Freidberg
+leg.;
+Malaise trap
+(
+
+NMSA
+
+-
+DIP 158399
+).
+Uganda
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Kibale
+National Park
+,
+Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station
+;
+
+00 ° 33.823 ' N
+,
+30 ° 21.490 ' E
+
+;
+
+1505 masl
+
+;
+
+12–26 Aug. 2008
+
+;
+S. van Noort
+leg.; UG 08 - KF 3 - M 13;
+Malaise trap
+, primary mid-altitude
+Rainforest
+; (SAM-DIP-A 018415)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+;
+Kibale
+National Park
+,
+Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station
+;
+
+00 ° 34.806 ' N
+,
+30 ° 21.874 ' E
+
+;
+
+1491 masl
+
+;
+
+2–12 Aug. 2008
+
+;
+S. van Noort
+leg.; UG 08 - KF 6 - M 06;
+Malaise trap
+, secondary mid-altitude
+Rainforest
+, marshy area; (SAM-DIP-A 018390)
+
+.
+
+
+
+Holotype
+deposited in
+
+BMSA
+
+and
+paratypes
+deposited as per listed institutional codens in citations above:
+
+CSCA
+
+,
+
+ICIPE
+
+and
+SAM
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+
+Suragina copelandi
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+, is most similar to
+
+S. agramma
+
+(see
+
+S. agramma
+
+diagnosis) in its general appearance. It differs from it by having the fore and hind tibiae dark brown to black compared to the mostly yellow to orange-yellow appearance of
+
+S. agramma
+
+. Additionally,
+
+S. agramma
+
+has the lateral margins of tergites 2–4 concolorous to the rest of the abdomen compared (apart from a slight darkened margin on tergite
+2 in
+some specimens) to the dark lateral margins in
+
+S. copelandi
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+It is widely distributed from western
+Kenya
+to
+Togo
+, compared to
+
+S. agramma
+
+which occurs from eastern
+Kenya
+down to northeastern
+South Africa
+, seemingly without any known overlap in distribution.
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♂
+n = 2,
+♀
+n = 2): Wing span:
+♂
+7.0–
+7.4 mm
+(avg.
+7.2 mm
+);
+♀
+8.8–9.4 mm
+(avg.
+9.2 mm
+); body length:
+♂
+9.4–9.5 mm
+(avg.
+9.5 mm
+);
+♀
+10.0–
+10.6 mm
+(avg.
+10.3 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.76;
+♀
+0.90.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+16
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Orange-yellow colour, with silver-white pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye with slight indentation (absent in
+♀
+); ocellar tubercle slightly more elevated than frons, black with dark setulae, shorter than pale setulae on vertex; vertex silver-white pruinose, with long pale setulae; ocelli similar in size; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, margin less indented than in
+♀
+; vertex narrower than in
+♀
+; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired narrow dark brown, almost black (taller in
+♀
+) markings with extreme dorsal edge with short dark setulae on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with short pale setulae on dorsal margin and on rest of upper surface, lower occiput with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have similar pale ventral setulae (with some scattered dark setulae); frons silver-white up to narrow area before eyes touch, when viewed dorsally, dark velvety-brown when viewed anteriorly; frons at narrowest where eyes touch, widening towards antennal base; frons bare; face and gena silver-white with pale setulae, clypeus orange with silver-white pruinosity, bare; face separated from clypeus by a prominent, deep suture on anterior and lateral edges; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove; scape, pedicel, 1
+st
+flagellomere orange-yellow, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brownish; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, only slightly larger than pedicel and scape; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; scape with pale dorsal setulae, pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, palpus orange-yellow, well-developed, ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis more slender than that of
+♀
+, comparatively same length as that of
+♀
+in relation to head; proboscis mostly orange-yellow, except for ventral surface that is light brown, proboscis with long pale setulae, with some setulae ventrally; some scattered small dark setulae on proboscis and palpus.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Majority of surface orange-yellow, dorsal surface of scutum and scutellum with dark setulae, pleura with longer pale setulae; scutum with postsutural setulae similar to presutural setulae, except for longer prescutellar setulae; postpronotal lobe slightly lighter orange-yellow colour compared to rest of thorax, with pale setulae; area behind postpronotal lobe brownish; scutum and scutellum uniformly orange-yellow without any vittae; pleura generally orange-yellow in colour with except for anepisternum that has a dark brown marking; anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite lightly silver-white dusted; notopleuron with long pale and dark setulae; area surrounding posterior spiracle orange-yellow, postspiracular scale orange-yellow, same colour as rest of thorax; proepisternum, pronotum orange-yellow; anterior spiracle bare posteriorly; proepimeron, proepisternum with pale setulae, anepisternum with pale setulae; katatergite with pale setulae; rest of pleura bare.
+
+
+Legs
+: Coxae orange-yellow; fore and mid coxae with long pale setulae on surface, hind coxa with long pale setulae on anterior and lateral apical edges, and with well-developed anterior apical point; all trochanters same orange-yellow colour as rest of body with some scattered short pale setulae; all femora uniformly orange-yellow, with hind femur with darker colouration medially; mid and hind femora with small anterior apical dark mark; fore and hind tibiae dark brown, mid tibia darker orange-yellow than mid femur; hind basal tarsus proximally and hind tibia apically lighter orange-brown; fore and hind tarsi dark brown, similar in colour to respective tibia, mid tarsi darker orange-yellow than mid tibia; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; fore and mid femora covered with pale setulae on all surfaces except for dorso-apical surface with short dark setulae, hind femur with mixed long pale and dark setulae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, distoventrally with long pale setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; fore tarsi covered with long sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and mid tibiae covered in short dark setulae, hind tibia with longer dark dorsal setulae; hind tarsal segments 0.9–1.0 × as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 1: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+: Slight light brown suffused appearance; with a slightly yellow-brown stigma over area of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere almost entirely orange-yellow, with very short dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Orange-yellow, tergites 2–4 with dark lateral margin, rest unmarked; sternites without any markings; tergites with black setulae on median-dorsal surface, with long pale setulae on lateral surface; sternites covered in long pale setulae; tergite 1 with weak median longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Figs
+58
+,
+62
+): Epandrium and cercus orange-yellow with dark setulae, epandrium with a dark brown dorsal mark; cercus dark brown dorsally; hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae, gonostylus tapering with truncated apex, outer ventral surface of gonostylus base with 3 short setulae, inner edge with a protrusion with 4 setulae, apical third of gonostylus with microtrichia; gonocoxite widening and appearing more rounded on apical half, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer and ventral medial surface with long setulae, inner surface of upper half with short setulae; gonocoxite with microtrichia between setulae; parameral apodeme short, not reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.7 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme ca 1.2 × length of gonocoxite and similar in length to ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature extending down past gonocoxites, endoaedeagal process widening apically with a slight bilobed appearance.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+17
+): Similar to
+♂
+except for the following:
+
+
+Head
+: Dichoptic; lateral edge of eye without indentation (slight in
+♂
+); ocellar tubercle with shorter dark setulae than in
+♂
+; dorsal margin of eye more indented than in
+♂
+; vertex wider than in
+♂
+, dark directly behind ocellar tubercle up to posterior of eye margin (in anterior view), appearing silver-white when viewed dorsally; dorsal inner edge of eye with paired dark markings, but only visible when viewed anteriorly, otherwise area similarly silver-white pruinose; occiput with same silver-white pruinosity as rest of head, except for paired dark brown, almost black (taller than in
+♂
+) markings on upper occiput, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex, running down to occipital foramen; frons velvety-black from ocellar tubercle down to lower half of eye, silver-white down to antennal base; frons dark setulose on velvety-black area, pale setulose on silver-white pruinose area (
+♂
+bare), at narrowest 1.86 × width of ocellar tubercle, widening slightly towards antennal base; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, deeper sutures laterally; proboscis stout compared to
+♂
+, with dark ventral colour; 1
+st
+flagellomere comparatively much larger than in
+♂
+.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Scutum more densely setulose than in
+♂
+.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore tarsi symmetrical; setulae of femora overall shorter (compared to
+♂
+) except for preapical area of fore femur that has long pale setulae; hind femur with mix of short pale and dark setulae; hind tarsal segments 0.9 × as long as hind tibia.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+40
+): Slightly darker suffused compared to
+♂
+; vein
+CuA
+with some slightly darker suffusion around it.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Tergites with short dark setulae more widely spread, including on later setulae, interspersed between long pale setulae; tergites 2–8 with a dark lateral marking, much darker on terminal segments; tergites 7 and 8 densely dark setulose.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+79
+): Cercus orange-yellow with pale setulae; genital fork with distal apodeme narrow, forked; median lobe with gradual emargination; paired apical lobes with somewhat slender appearance, widening towards apex, inner surface with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three oval and sclerotized spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+Named after the collector Dr Robert (Bob) Copeland, for his contribution to Dipterology in the Afrotropical Region. Noun in the genitive case.
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Kenya
+,
+Togo
+,
+Uganda
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/99/87/25/9987251162CD5419BE27E24FF1393AEF.xml b/data/99/87/25/9987251162CD5419BE27E24FF1393AEF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19f58283403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/99/87/25/9987251162CD5419BE27E24FF1393AEF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa biebersteiniana
+Schult. f., Syst. Veg.
+
+, ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 382 (1829).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 10
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Russia
+• ‘ In hortis et vineis ad fluvium Terek inter Mosdok et Kisljar’, April, Bieberstein (not found).
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+, Krym, North Caucasus, and Transcaucasus (
+Kutlunina et al. 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Aktobe, Mugojary, Aral region, Western Upland, Ulytau, Syrt, Tobol-Ishim, Bukeev, Turgay, and Caspian region.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment. It is included in the red book of
+Kazakhstan
+(CategoryIII).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa biebersteiniana
+
+was described in 1829 by J. H. Schultes from specimens from the North Caucasus (between Mozdok and Kizlyar). The species was named in honor of Russian botanist F. K. Biberstein-Marshall (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). Some taxonomists classified
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+and
+
+T. patens
+
+as synonyms of the widespread European
+
+T. sylvestris subsp. australis
+
+(
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+). However, according to
+Zonneveld (2009)
+, the difference in genome size between
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+(56.7 pg) and
+
+T. sylvestris
+
+(62.3 pg) may differentiate
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+. In 2013,
+Perezhogin (2013)
+described a new species,
+
+T. turgaica
+Perezhogin
+
+, similar to
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+and grows in arid conditions. It was suggested that
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+, should form its own subgenus based on hierarchical cluster analysis of genetic profiles of taxa conducted on Iranian tulips using AFLPs (
+Asgari et al. 2020
+). However, this hypothesis requires further investigation.
+Wilson (2023)
+included
+
+T. biebersteiniana
+
+on the list of tulips, which may require reinstatement if evidence confirms their uniqueness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa biebersteiniana
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A
+general habits
+B, C
+flowers
+D
+ovary and stamen
+E
+bulb (Photos:
+A – E
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/A1/39/F4/A139F476B744523C8A483964BD22A857.xml b/data/A1/39/F4/A139F476B744523C8A483964BD22A857.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8652a76a958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/A1/39/F4/A139F476B744523C8A483964BD22A857.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa sogdiana
+Bunge, Beitr. Fl. Russl.
+
+338 (1852).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 38
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Uzbekistan
+• Inter Bukhara et
+Kermine, A
+. Lehmann
+s. n.
+(
+holotype
+LE;
+isotypes
+K 000844627, P 00730919, P 00730920)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+,
+Turkmenistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Kyzylkum, Southern Ustyrt, Northern Ustyrt, and Mangyshlak. This species grows in deserts on sandy and clay soils.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa sogdiana
+
+was first described in 1854 by A. A. Bunge from a desert region between Bukhara and Kermin (
+Uzbekistan
+). In “ Flora of
+Kazakhstan
+” (
+Polyakov 1958
+), this species was listed in Kyzylkum. Although we did not identify herbarium materials in this area, we believe that it is in Kzyzlkum, as there are numerous confirmed localities of this species in the
+Uzbekistan
+part of Kyzylkum (
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+Tulipa sogdiana
+
+differs from similar species of the subgenus
+
+Eriostemones
+
+by its glabrous filaments of stamens (
+Everett et al. 2013
+;
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+;
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+and
+Everett et al. (2013)
+placed
+
+T. sogdiana
+
+in synonymy of
+
+T. biflora
+
+s. l.
+However, some authors consider it an independent taxon (
+Abdulina 1999
+;
+Zonneveld 2009
+;
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+Wilson (2023)
+believed that
+
+T. sogdiana
+
+can be recognized if its uniqueness is proven. Additional studies of this species under natural growing conditions are required to establish its taxonomic position.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/A3/25/BD/A325BD1A4E715769856B2EB48002429F.xml b/data/A3/25/BD/A325BD1A4E715769856B2EB48002429F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6302678ce66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/A3/25/BD/A325BD1A4E715769856B2EB48002429F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina falsa
+Oldroyd, 1939
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 4
+,
+19
+,
+44
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina falsa
+
+Oldroyd, 1939: 15
+;
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+[
+
+from digital photographs]
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+1 ♀
+;
+Uganda
+;
+Western Region
+;
+Ruwenzori
+[Rwenzori]
+Range
+,
+Kilembe
+; [
+
+00 ° 11.8833 ' N
+,
+30 ° 00.8167 ' E
+
+];
+
+4500 ft
+
+[
+
+1372 masl
+
+];
+
+Dec. 1934
+
+–
+
+Jan. 1935
+
+;
+F. W. Edwards
+leg.;
+B. M. E. Afr. Exp.
+; BM 135-203;
+
+NHMUK
+014064160
+
+(
+
+NHMUK
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+:
+1 ♀
+; same data as
+holotype
+;
+NHMUK
+014064161 (
+
+NHMUK
+
+);
+2 ♀
+; Western Region; Ruwenzori [Rwenzori] Range, Namwamba Valley; [
+
+0 ° 14.245 ' N
+,
+29 ° 58.13 ' E
+
+];
+6500 ft
+[
+1981 masl
+];
+Dec. 1934
+–
+Jan. 1935
+; F. W. Edwards leg.; B. M. E. Afr. Exp.; BM 135-203; (
+2 ♀
+:
+NHMUK
+014064162, 014064163) (
+
+NHMUK
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+An orange-yellow species, the scutum with central blackish-brown vitta, and additional pre- and postsutural dark brown markings. Notopleural area with a brown marking and silver-grey pruinosity (Fig.
+4
+). It is most similar to
+
+S. monogramma
+(
+Bezzi, 1926
+)
+
+, but that species has only a single central vitta without any additional pre- or postsutural dark markings.
+
+Suragina monogramma
+
+also has its tibia brownish-yellow to orange-yellow compared to
+
+S. falsa
+
+that has its tibia dark brown, almost black.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+
+
+(Based on digital photographs of
+♀
+Holotype
+and
+3 ♀
+paratypes
+.)
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♀
+n = 3): Wing span: 8.0–
+10.5 mm
+(avg.
+9.3 mm
+); body length:
+8.6–10.4 mm
+(avg.
+9.5 mm
+); wing span to body length ratio (avg.): 0.98.
+
+
+Male.
+Unknown.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+19
+).
+
+
+Head
+: Dark brownish-black ground colour, with silvery-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation; ocellar tubercle slightly elevated, visible in profile, dark setulose, silvery-grey pruinose; vertex silvery-grey pruinose, with dark setulae, vertex appearing blackish dark brown when viewed posteriorly; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings, same silvery-grey pruinose as rest of head; occiput with same silvery-grey pruinosity; paired subrectangular blackish-brown markings with dark setulae on upper occiput running down to occipital foramen, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput otherwise with pale setulae; lower occiput with lateral margins and medial area with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have pale ventral setulae; frons silvery-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening only very slightly towards antennal base in
+paratypes
+; frons with dark setulae; face and gena silvery-grey pruinose, with pale setulae; clypeus with silvery-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, deeper sutures laterally; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 1 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel mostly orange, dorsally orange-brown, otherwise with some whitish pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere entirely orange; 2
+nd
+flagellomere brown; scape and pedicel of similar size; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, 2 × size of pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus orange with mostly darker setulae, and some interspersed pale setulae (Namwamba Valley
+paratype
+has outer lateral margins of palpus black with some white pruinosity and with dark setulae throughout, apical half of proboscis darker than in other specimens); palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis darker brownish-orange on apical half, orange on basal half with long pale setulae dorsally, dark setulae ventrally.
+
+
+Thorax
+(Fig.
+4
+): Scutum dark orange-yellow with central blackish-brown vitta with silver-grey pruinosity on presutural surface; central vitta extends to before and sometimes reaching scutellum (especially pronounced in
+paratype
+from Namwamba Valley); scutum with large paired presutural dark brown markings that do not extend into notopleuron; scutum also with smaller postsutural dark brown markings (more elongated appearance in
+paratype
+from Namwamba Valley), taking up half of posterior surface of scutum, with remaining posterior surface orange-yellow; scutum generally with short dark setulae with postsutural setulae somewhat longer; pronotum yellow with pale setulae; postpronotal lobe yellow, with short dark setulae; notopleuron appearing silver-grey pruinose when viewed dorsally, more yellow when viewed in profile; notopleural setulae dark; postalar wall and postalar callus orange-yellow; scutellum orange-yellow with short dark setulae; majority of pleura orange-yellow with some whitish pruinosity, except for anepisternum and katepisternum that is blackish-grey with white pruinosity and meron that is dark brown with similar pruinosity; pruinose pleura with long pale setulae; anepimeron with long pale setulae, anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings yellow, bare; postspiracular scale orange-yellow; postnotum brown, yellow on lateral margins.
+
+
+Legs
+: Coxae orange-yellow with mid coxa brown on inner anterior surface; fore coxa with long pale setulae on anterior and posterior surfaces; mid coxa with dark setulae on anterior surface; hind coxa with dark setulae on anterior surface as well as dark setulae surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long pale setulae; all trochanters orange-yellow with short pale setulae, mid trochanter with dark hind margin; fore and mid femora yellow, fore femur with apical dorsal surface dark brown; hind femur yellow on apical and basal third, dark brown medially (Namwamba Valley
+paratypes
+with larger dark brown medial section); fore and hind tibiae entirely blackish-brown; mid tibia and first two tarsal segments yellow, rest of tarsi blackish-brown; fore tarsal claws and pulvilli symmetrical, pulvilus and empodium of similar size; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; all femora with pale setulae, some darker setulae on apical dorsal surface of fore femur; all femora with long pale setulae on apical ventral and posteroventral surfaces; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface; all tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsal segments 1.1 × as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+44
+): Brown suffused on apical half; darker brown stigma over apex of veins
+
+R
+1
+
+and
+
+R
+2 + 3
+
+and cells
+sc
+,
+
+r
+1
+
+; darker suffused substigmal marking over crossvein
+r – m
+, bases of discal cell, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+and apex of cell
+br
+; cell
+bm
+hyaline; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk yellow, knob light brown, with some short and dark setulae;
+paratype
+NHMUK
+014064163 from Namwamba Valley with wing appearing uniformly dark brown, whereas
+paratype
+NHMUK
+014064162 from same locality has similar wings except centres of each wing cell are hyaline.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Overall orange-yellow to dark orange colour; tergites 1–3 with a brown median marking, tergites 2 and 3 with narrow, weakly developed lateral markings; tergites 4 and less so 5 with a much darker dorsal appearance compared to preceding segments; remaining tergites dark orange; sternites with similar colour to tergites, except for sternites 4 and 5 that are distinctly dark brown; tergites with short dark setulae dorsally, and long pale setulae laterally; sternites with short pale setulae; tergite 1 medially with a longitudinal suture.
+
+
+Terminalia
+: Cercus dark orange with dark setulae; internal structures unknown,
+type
+material not dissected.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Uganda
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/A5/61/8E/A5618EF851F35218AFC21FFFE00E08A5.xml b/data/A5/61/8E/A5618EF851F35218AFC21FFFE00E08A5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37ff69d97e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/A5/61/8E/A5618EF851F35218AFC21FFFE00E08A5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolpakowskiana
+Regel, Trudy Imp. S. Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada
+
+5: 266 (1877)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 28
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• ‘ In Turkestania prope Verniy et in valle fluvii
+
+Almatinka’,
+A. Regel
+
+(
+holotype
+LE; possible
+isotype
+K)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Afghanistan
+,
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+, and
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau, Moiynkum, Chu-Ili range, Dzungarian Alatau, Kyrgyz Alatau, and Ketmen Terskey Alatau. This species grows on clayey, less often gravelly, slopes of steppe and desert foothills.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolpakowskiana
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C, D
+flower
+E
+tepals
+F
+bulb. (Photos:
+A – F
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolpakowskiana
+
+is a near threatened species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the red book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+III
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa kolpakowskiana
+
+was first described by E. L. Regel in 1877 from Verniy vicinity (
+Almaty
+). This species was named in honor of G. A. Kolpakowskiy, an honorary member of the Russian Geographical Society (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+
+Van
+Raamsdonk et al. (1997)
+
+classified this species as a synonym of
+
+T. altaica var altaica
+
+. However, after studying wild material,
+Zonneveld (2009)
+, distinguished it as a separate species of the section
+
+Kolpakowskianae
+(
+Everett et al. 2013
+)
+
+. In nature, this species often hybridizes with
+
+T. ostrowskiana
+
+,
+
+T. tetraphylla
+
+, and
+
+T. brachystemon
+
+(
+Vvedensky 1935
+;
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/A7/C2/D2/A7C2D22C304E5C12BCBC642FE8D501B6.xml b/data/A7/C2/D2/A7C2D22C304E5C12BCBC642FE8D501B6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a91909749ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/A7/C2/D2/A7C2D22C304E5C12BCBC642FE8D501B6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa annae
+J. de Groot & Zonn., Int. Rock Gard.
+
+122: 10 (2020)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 8
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+•
+
+Marble Pass,
+Altai region
+, north-eastern
+Kazakhstan
+, 2008,
+
+JJ de Groot
+
+(
+holotype
+L 3986814)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+) and
+Kazakhstan
+(
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2020
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Altai
+and Dzungarian Alatau. This species grows on cliffs, rocky and rubbly slopes, and mountainous plumes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa annae
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A
+general habits
+B
+flowers. (Photos:
+A, B
+by J. J. de Groot).
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa annae
+
+was described in 2020 from plants grown in a cultural collection in
+the Netherlands
+and bulbs collected at the Marble Pass in eastern
+Kazakhstan
+. This species is morphologically similar to
+
+T. altaica
+
+but differs by the presence of short hairs on the leaves, a smaller overall habit, the ovary shorter than the stamens and a tunic on the bulb elongated into a long spout.
+
+Tulipa annae
+
+is named after Anna Ivaschenko, a well-known botanist living and working in
+Almaty
+,
+Kazakhstan
+(
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2020
+). Based on the results of our research, this species was listed for the first time in the Dzungarian Alatau (Taskora Gorge) based on the photographic observations by
+Kolbintsev (2016)
+. Due to the relative paucity of information on
+
+T. annae
+
+in the literature, further studies are needed regarding its distribution, abundance, and conservation status.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/AA/19/83/AA1983D9DA715EFA9D4C4D6E1FB8E370.xml b/data/AA/19/83/AA1983D9DA715EFA9D4C4D6E1FB8E370.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32a49faaed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/AA/19/83/AA1983D9DA715EFA9D4C4D6E1FB8E370.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kujukense
+J. J. de Groot & Zonn.
+
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 30
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• Vegetative progeny of wild collected material grown in the collection of
+
+J. J. de Groot
+
+, collection number G 05-8 (
+holotype
+L 4513067)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Karatau. This species grows among shrubs.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa kujukense
+
+was first described in 2024 from Karatau (Kuyuk Pass).
+
+Tulipa kujukense
+
+is morphologically similar to
+
+T. orthopoda
+
+and
+
+T. bifloriformis
+
+but differs in size and by bulb with gray-brown tunica, characteristic of the Turkestanica species group. In addition,
+
+T. kujukense
+
+has a large genome size (60.7 pg) compared with other species of
+
+T. sect.
+Biflores
+
+(
+de Groot and Zonneveld 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa kujukense
+
+in Kazakhstan, general habits. (Photo by J. J. de Groot).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/AC/7D/54/AC7D5407ADD1558484028B664244AFD0.xml b/data/AC/7D/54/AC7D5407ADD1558484028B664244AFD0.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee5f7dd7cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/AC/7D/54/AC7D5407ADD1558484028B664244AFD0.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa ivasczenkoae
+Epiktetov & Belyalov, Turczaninowia
+
+16: 5 (2013)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 24
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• SW part of
+Dzhungarian Alatau
+,
+mts. Chulak
+;
+Aiyrkezen
+, upper third of stony northern slope (
+
+1100 m
+
+. a. s. l.), between bushes,
+
+26 April 2013
+
+,
+
+V. G. Epiktetov
+&
+O. V. Belyalov
+
+(ALTB, iso – LE)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Dzungarian Alatau. This species grows on dry stony slopes among shrubs in low-desert mountains (
+1100 m
+a. s. l.).
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa ivasczenkoae
+
+is a critically endangered species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa ivasczenkoae
+
+was described in 2013 from the south-western part of the Dzungarian Alatau, Chulak Mountain, Ayyrkezen. The species was named in honor of the Kazakhstani scientist Anna Andreyevna Ivasczenko, who has been studying wild bulbous plants of
+Kazakhstan
+, including tulips, since 1963. This species is closely related to the Pamir-Alai endemic
+
+T. fosteriana
+Irw.
+
+and
+
+T. carinata
+Vved. It
+
+is distinguished from the former by keeled leaves and from the latter by blunt or short pointed rather than long-pointed perianth leaflets and larger broad leaves (
+Epiktetov and Belyalov 2013
+). This species has not been encountered in other areas since its description; thus far, it is known only from its
+type
+locality.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/AE/36/A5/AE36A5AABFA152AC9D4C67D13C22162E.xml b/data/AE/36/A5/AE36A5AABFA152AC9D4C67D13C22162E.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1729510354f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/AE/36/A5/AE36A5AABFA152AC9D4C67D13C22162E.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina pilitarsis
+(
+Lindner, 1925
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atherix pilitarsis
+
+Lindner, 1925: 22
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina pilitarsis
+
+
+:
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+material not examined.
+
+
+See remarks, no additional material available.
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+
+
+Suragina pilitarsis
+(
+Lindner, 1925
+)
+
+was regarded as “ unplaced and doubtful ” by
+Yang et al. (2016: 446)
+, however, without justification. Based on Lindner’s description of characters, especially the characteristic velvety-black upper frons, slim body and elongated legs in combination with the overall colour characteristics, the species described is clearly a
+
+Suragina
+
+. The
+type
+material of
+
+S. pilitarsis
+
+was recorded as being in “ Hamburger Museum ”. The only additional data associated with it is “ Gaboon, leg. Soyaux 1881 ”. Unfortunately, the museum was destroyed during World War II, and after communication with the staff at Museum der Natur
+Hamburg
+, the
+type
+is now recorded as destroyed. No additional material of
+
+S. pilitarsis
+
+is known, and the original description in German is not sufficient to distinguish the species from other Afrotropical species based on the text alone and subsequently the species is excluded from the identification key in this paper. Additional material will need to be collected from the country, but without a definitive
+type
+locality this could prove difficult.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/AE/64/B8/AE64B8B39AA05470A5CF9A5900D079D3.xml b/data/AE/64/B8/AE64B8B39AA05470A5CF9A5900D079D3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c37a1c42457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/AE/64/B8/AE64B8B39AA05470A5CF9A5900D079D3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa greigii
+Regel, Gartenflora
+
+290: 773 (1873)
+
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 20
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+•
+
+Illustration t.
+773 in
+Gartenflora
+22 (1873) [
+lectotype
+designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 312
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Chu-Ili Range, Karatau, Kyrgyz Alatau, Moiynkum, Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau, Turkestan, and Western Tian Shan. This species grows on clay and rubbly slopes up to
+2400 m
+a. s. l., as well as on foothill plains and mountain flutes.
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa greigii
+
+is a least concern species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+III
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – June; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa greigii
+
+was described by E. L. Regel in 1873 from the Karatau Mountains, based on herbarium collections of A. Sivertsev and B. Fedtschenko, initially as a variety of
+
+T. altaica var. karatavica
+Regel. In
+
+the same year, it was described by the same author as an independent species (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+;
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+). The species is named in honor of S. A. Greig, president of the Russian Botanical Society of Gardeners. It contains unusual speckles on its leaves that serve as the progenitors of hundreds of tulip varieties. This species often hybridizes with
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+
+and
+
+T. alberti
+
+in nature (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+Vvedensky (1935)
+noted that the collection of this species from Syrdarya deserves a separate study as it differs from the northern (typical)
+
+T. greigii
+
+in that it has longer pedicels and gradually decreasing leaves at the top. In our opinion, this population represents the ecological variability in this species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa greigii
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits with different morphological form
+C
+flowers with different color. (Photos:
+A
+by V. Epiktetov,
+B, C
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/B4/83/74/B48374D1318F5FF1A5E63472163D67B7.xml b/data/B4/83/74/B48374D1318F5FF1A5E63472163D67B7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3e2aabc6a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/B4/83/74/B48374D1318F5FF1A5E63472163D67B7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa dasystemon
+(Regel) Regel, Trudy Imp. S. Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada
+
+6: 507 (1879)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 16
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• ‘
+
+In montibus prope Wernoje ad fluvium
+
+Almatinka’,
+A. Regel
+
+(
+holotype
+LE;
+isotype
+PRC
+454341)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+,
+Uzbekistan
+, and
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Ketmen Terskey Alatau, Kyrgyz Alatau, Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau. This species grows on steppe and meadow slopes, as well as on forest glades from the middle to the alpine belt (
+1900–3000 m
+a. s. l.).
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa dasystemon
+
+is a least concern species at global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – June; fruiting in May – August.
+
+
+
+Note.
+
+
+
+Tulipa dasystemon
+
+was described by E. L. Regel in 1879 from the
+Almaty
+vicinity (in the valley of the Almatinka River) (
+Regel 1879
+). Originally described as
+
+Orithyia dasystemon
+Regel
+
+, this species was later classified as
+
+Tulipa
+
+due to its long, narrow stems. In addition to the present
+
+T. dasystemon
+, A. I.
+Vvedensky (1935)
+
+wrote about a close species in Fergana Valley, which occurs at a lower rate and is characterized by strong and leathery bulb sheaths, potentially representing an undescribed species or demonstrating the ecological variability of
+
+T. dasystemon
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/B5/40/99/B54099040B6C5FDD82E29B9734284CFA.xml b/data/B5/40/99/B54099040B6C5FDD82E29B9734284CFA.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d9438c47ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/B5/40/99/B54099040B6C5FDD82E29B9734284CFA.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+
+
+
+Integrative review of Xylomoia strix, X. retinax and X. stangelmaieri (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae, Apameini)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Haverinen, Risto
+0000-0001-8072-847X
+Ripako Oy, Vantaa, Finland & Estonian Society of Lepidopterologists, Tallinn, Estonia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pototski, Aleksander
+0000-0002-1843-3627
+Estonian Society of Lepidopterologists, Tallinn, Estonia & Lasnamäe Gymnasium, Tallinn, Estonia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mutanen, Marko
+0000-0003-4464-6308
+Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, P. O. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mikalauskas, Darius
+https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2145-8747
+Lithuanian Entomological Society, Akademijos str. 2, 08412 Vilnius- 21, Lithuania
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Yakovlev, Roman V.
+0000-0001-9512-8709
+Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Tomsk State University, Lenina pr. 36, RUS- 634050 Tomsk, Russia & Western Caspian University, Istiglaliyyat Street, 31. Baku 1001, Azerbaijan & Samarkand State University, University blv. 15, 140104 Samarkand, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Müller, Günter C.
+0000-0002-7024-0179
+University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali & Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Kalman Ya’akov Man St., 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Prozorov, Alexey M.
+0000-0002-5668-0741
+University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali & Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner str. 2, D- 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany & Bavarian Natural History Collections (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausen str. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Saldaitis, Aidas
+0000-0003-0999-3996
+Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, 08412 Vilnius- 21, Lithuania
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+1221
+
+
+309
+342
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1221.132205
+29DE1440-2C8F-4B06-A9F9-78494E587455
+
+
+
+
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+Mikkola, 1980
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 1
+,
+4
+,
+11–16
+,
+17–29
+,
+30–35
+,
+46–49
+,
+50–53
+,
+54–57
+,
+58–61
+,
+62–64
+,
+72–74
+,
+75–80
+,
+81–83
+,
+84–86
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+
+Mikkola, 1980
+:
+Notulae Entomologicae
+60: 220.
+TL
+: “
+Latvia
+, Turaida. ”
+Holotype
+male,
+
+ZMHF
+
+[examined].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Distinguished from
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+by broader dark field on forewings (Figs
+11
+–
+35
+) and smaller pollex (Figs
+46
+–
+64
+), from
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+by actual presence of dark field on forewing (Figs
+11
+–
+35
+) and fold of ductus bursae (Figs
+72
+–
+86
+); from both subspecies genetically, having an average
+p
+- distance of 1.89 % from
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+
+and 0.33 % from
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+. Average
+p
+- distance between
+
+X. strix strix
+
+and
+
+X. graminea
+
+is 2.55 %,
+
+X. strix strix
+
+and
+
+X. chagnoni
+
+, 7.64 %, and
+
+X. strix strix
+
+and
+
+X. indirecta
+
+, 8.05 % (Fig.
+90
+). Found in north, central, and east Europe with the westernmost presence in the Volga region (Figs
+91
+,
+92
+).
+
+
+
+
+Variability.
+
+
+Adults.
+Blackish streak in medial field varies from narrow (e. g., Figs
+20
+,
+22
+,
+33
+) to wide (e. g., 18, 23), its reddish-brown bounds vary from well-pronounced (e. g., Figs
+15
+,
+21
+) to non-existing (e. g., Figs
+12
+,
+19
+). Dark streak may expand towards costa and cover medial field (Figs
+11–15
+,
+19
+,
+26
+). Forewings may have somewhat reddish (Figs
+16
+,
+23
+,
+30
+,
+33
+), yellowish (Figs
+11–15
+,
+18
+,
+24
+,
+26
+) or greyish tinge (Figs
+22
+,
+25
+,
+27–29
+,
+31–32
+,
+34–35
+); submarginal field may be pale- (e. g., Fig.
+11
+) or dark-colored (e. g., Fig.
+17
+).
+Male genitalia.
+Uncus may gradually get thin towards apex (e. g., Figs
+46
+,
+59
+) or only be thin near its apex (e. g., Figs
+51
+,
+58
+), saccus may be relatively small and narrow (e. g., Figs
+48
+,
+62
+) or large (e. g., Figs
+54
+,
+63
+), carina may be reduced (Figs
+56–57
+,
+59
+,
+61
+) or well-developed (e. g., Figs
+48
+,
+60
+,
+64
+), basal cornutus varies in size from small (e. g., Fig.
+61
+) to large (e. g., Fig.
+58
+) and may be more or less bent, medial cornutus may be almost straight (e. g., Fig.
+46
+), c-shaped (e. g., Fig.
+62
+) or s-shaped (e. g., Fig.
+60
+) and varies in size.
+Female genitalia.
+Antevaginal plate slightly varies in thickness, bursa copulatrix may narrow around connection with ductus bursae (e. g., Fig.
+76
+) and may have one (Figs
+73
+,
+74
+,
+77
+,
+85
+) or two (Fig.
+86
+) frontal signa, hind signum varies in size.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Adults of
+
+Xylomoia strix
+
+sspp. with labels.
+5–10
+
+X. strix stangelmaieri
+(
+CRH
+)
+
+11–16
+
+X. strix strix
+
+11–14
+CRH
+15, 16.
+ASV
+. Scale bar: 1 cm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Adults of
+
+Xylomoia strix strix
+
+with labels.
+17–19, 23–29
+CRH
+20 – 22
+ASV
+. Scale bar: 1 cm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Adults of
+
+Xylomoia strix
+
+sspp. with labels (
+CRH
+).
+30–35
+
+X. strix strix
+
+36–41
+
+X. strix retinax
+
+. Scale bar: 1 cm.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution area.
+
+
+Finland
+,
+Estonia
+,
+Latvia
+,
+Lithuania
+,
+Poland
+,
+Belarus
+,
+Ukraine
+, and
+Russia
+(
+Leningrad
+,
+Yaroslavl
+,
+Moscow
+,
+Tula
+,
+Saratov
+,
+Samara
+Oblasts and Republic of
+Tatarstan
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/B9/8A/69/B98A6933AF075BBAB9CC0206FE386F3F.xml b/data/B9/8A/69/B98A6933AF075BBAB9CC0206FE386F3F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c22f3095adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/B9/8A/69/B98A6933AF075BBAB9CC0206FE386F3F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa heterophylla
+Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
+
+14: 295 (1874)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 22
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+China
+• ‘ Tianshan: Trens Ui Ala-Tau’,
+Semenow
+(
+holotype
+LE).
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+, and
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau, Ketmen Terskey Alatau. This species grows on gravelly slopes, forest clearings, and subalpine meadows.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa heterophylla
+
+is a least concern species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – July; fruiting in June – August (depending on the elevation).
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa heterophylla
+
+was initially described by E. L. Regel in 1868 from Zailiyskiy Alatau as
+
+Orithyia heterophylla
+Regel. In 1874
+
+, Baker assigned this species to the genus
+
+Tulipa
+
+. Notably, M. G. Popov allocated
+
+T. heterophylla
+
+to a new genus,
+
+Eduardoregelia
+Popov
+
+, in 1936 due to its unusual flower appearance (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). This species is distinguished from other species of the subgenus
+
+Orithyia
+
+by the fact that its flower stalks are curved at the top of the stem resulting in flowers in a more or less horizontal position (
+Zonneveld 2009
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+). More recently,
+
+T. heterophylla
+
+was found to have a lower level of intrachromosomal asymmetry than other species of the subgenus
+
+Orithyia
+(
+Chernysheva et al. 2023
+)
+
+. The main range of this species does not extend beyond the Tian Shan.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/C0/5B/29/C05B29D43FEE592283335AD0123B1E95.xml b/data/C0/5B/29/C05B29D43FEE592283335AD0123B1E95.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39b0507d28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/C0/5B/29/C05B29D43FEE592283335AD0123B1E95.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Sect.
+
+Orithyia (D. Don) Vved., Brit. Fl. Gard.
+[Sweet] Ser. 2: 336 (1836)
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+—
+
+
+Tulipa uniflora
+Besser ex Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
+
+14: 295 (1874)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/C0/DC/E3/C0DCE3EF73FC5567A15228975A679A0A.xml b/data/C0/DC/E3/C0DCE3EF73FC5567A15228975A679A0A.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f540b4dfac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/C0/DC/E3/C0DCE3EF73FC5567A15228975A679A0A.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa lemmersii
+Zonn., Peterse & J. de Groot, Pl. Syst. Evol.
+
+298: 91 (2012)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 32
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• Chimkent: Mashad Pass, cult.
+
+A. Peterse
+
+(
+holotype
+L 0822655)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Western Tian Shan. This species grows on dry stony slopes with outcrops or shallow deposits of conglomerate rocks, on a plateau or canyon sites.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa lemmersii
+
+is a vulnerable species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa lemmersii
+
+was first found in 2007 by A. Peterse, at the top of steep cliffs on Mashat Pass, when he accompanied a tulip expedition organized by W. Lemmers (the species is named in his honor).
+
+Tulipa lemmersii
+
+can be distinguished from
+
+T. iliensis
+
+,
+
+T. ferganica
+
+,
+
+T. anisophylla
+
+, and
+
+T. tetraphylla
+
+by its glabrous stems, thin tunic, and single flowers. It can be distinguished from other species of the
+
+T. sect.
+Kolpakowskianae
+
+as they have mostly red and yellow flowers. It is a diploid species with the smallest genome size (36 pg) among all species in the section
+
+Kolpakowskianae
+(
+Zonneveld 2009
+)
+
+. The species was later validated using
+type
+designation in 2012 (
+Veldkamp and Zonneveld 2012
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa lemmersii
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C, D
+flower
+E
+tepals
+F
+gynoecium
+G
+stamens
+H
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A – H
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/C5/10/1D/C5101DF7CB9556FF8F11F8B9934605DA.xml b/data/C5/10/1D/C5101DF7CB9556FF8F11F8B9934605DA.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b510a0e8a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/C5/10/1D/C5101DF7CB9556FF8F11F8B9934605DA.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa dubia
+Vved., Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ.
+
+21: 148 (1935)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 19
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Tashkent district
+
+•
+
+Chotan river
+gorge, slope near the confluence of
+Kashka-su
+brook into
+Chotan
+,
+
+10 June 1909
+
+,
+
+Z. von Minkwitz
+
+(
+holotype
+LE 00053022!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Western Tian Shan. This species grows on fine-grained and rubbly-small-grained slopes in the upper belt of the mountains.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa dubia
+
+is an assessed near threatened species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – June; fruiting in May – August (depending on the elevation).
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa dubia
+
+was described by A. I. Vvedensky in 1935 from herbarium material collected by Z. Minkwitz in 1909 from the Tashkent district, Chotan River gorge. Typically,
+
+T. dubia
+
+populations occur in higher altitudinal zones than
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+
+and
+
+T. tschimganica
+
+. However, all three species grow at similar elevations but occupy different habitats in the Aksay Valley (Greater Chimgan). The main characteristic distinguishing
+
+T. dubia
+
+from the other species of
+
+Tulipa sect. Spiranthera
+
+is the shape of the stamen filaments and anthers (
+Tojibaev et al. 2022
+). This species forms spontaneous hybrids with
+
+T. kaufmanniana
+
+in common habitats (
+Vvedensky 1935
+). The main range of this species is
+Uzbekistan
+with a few populations in Western Tian Shan. In addition, high genetic variability has been reported in
+
+T. greigii
+
+in
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Yermagambetova et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa dubia
+
+in Uzbekistan
+A
+general habits
+B
+flowers (Photos: A – B by K. Tojibaev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/CA/44/93/CA4493B619DB55938B6D649F8A73AC5B.xml b/data/CA/44/93/CA4493B619DB55938B6D649F8A73AC5B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54666ea40c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/CA/44/93/CA4493B619DB55938B6D649F8A73AC5B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina disciclara
+(
+Speiser, 1914
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atherix disciclara
+
+Speiser, 1914: 3
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina disciclara
+
+
+:
+
+Stuckenberg 1980: 313
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+material.
+
+
+
+Not
+examined (see remarks), no additional material available.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+
+The
+type
+of
+
+S. disciclara
+(
+Speiser, 1914
+)
+
+was held in the collection of Paul Speiser and was subsequently destroyed in 1945 during the World War II bombing of Dresden,
+Germany
+by Allied forces (
+Evenhuis 2024
+). The only associated data with it is that it was female and collected on
+25 February 1913
+from Tiko near Viktoria [now
+Limbe
+] in
+Cameroon
+.
+
+
+The characters mentioned in the original description, especially that of the frons having a “ sammetschwarz ” velvety-black upper half and the lower half “ glänzend ” interpreted as shiny or silvery, in combination with the general
+
+Suragina
+
+- like combination of characteristics leaves no doubt that the species belongs in the genus. However, the original description in German is not sufficient to distinguish the species from other Afrotropical species based on the text alone and subsequently the species is excluded from the identification key in this paper. Additional material will need to be collected from the
+type
+locality Tiko.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/D7/7B/D1/D77BD137CF9A596CAFCC9FB162F5DA58.xml b/data/D7/7B/D1/D77BD137CF9A596CAFCC9FB162F5DA58.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd610c1033c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/D7/7B/D1/D77BD137CF9A596CAFCC9FB162F5DA58.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa lehmanniana
+Merckl., A. A. von Bunge, Beitr. Fl. Russl.
+
+7: 337 (1852).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 31
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Uzbekistan
+•
+
+A. Lehmann
+sn
+
+.,
+Bunge Rel. Lehm. 337
+(K- 000844622) [
+lectotype
+designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 316
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Afghanistan
+, Eastern
+Iran
+,
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+,
+Turkmenistan
+, and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Balkhash-Alakol, Betpak-Dala, Chu-Ili range, Kyzylkum, Moiynkum, Turkestan, and Western Tian Shan. This species grows on sand and variegated rock outcrops, in sandy and stony deserts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa lehmanniana
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C, E
+flowers with different color variants
+D
+tepals of different color variants
+F
+gynoecium
+G
+stamens
+H
+bulb (Photos:
+A – H
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa lehmanniana
+
+is a near threatened species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+I
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa lehmanniana
+
+was described by Merklin in 1854 from collections made near Bukhara. The species was named in honor of A. Lehmann, a Russian botanist, who collected plants from Central Asia on behalf of the
+St. Petersburg
+Botanical Garden (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+considered
+
+T. zenaidae
+
+a synonym of
+
+T. lehmanniana
+
+, which we strongly disagree with. These species are distinct morphologically, ecologically, and geographically. Eduard Ludvigovich Regel described
+
+T. behmiana
+Regel
+
+in 1880 from the vicinity of the Iliysk settlement (Kapchagai). This species was classified as a synonym of
+
+T. lehmanniana
+
+according to the latter classifications (
+
+Van
+Raamsdonk and De Vries 1995
+
+;
+Zonneveld 2009
+;
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/DD/E0/10/DDE010C297E55BA89E60BA8C41AA28B5.xml b/data/DD/E0/10/DDE010C297E55BA89E60BA8C41AA28B5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2576f88741c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/DD/E0/10/DDE010C297E55BA89E60BA8C41AA28B5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa ostrowskiana
+Regel, Gartenflora
+
+33: 34 (1884)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 34
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• ‘
+Iter Turkestanicum, Kl.
+Almaty
+Schlucht
+bei
+Werny’
+,
+
+2 April 1879
+
+,
+
+A. Regel
+
+(K)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+, and
+Kyrgyzstan
+(
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Kyrgyz Alatau and Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau. This species grows on slopes with deep nutritious soil (less often gravelly), in the lower and middle mountain belts.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa ostrowskiana
+
+is assessed near threatened at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+III
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa ostrowskiana
+
+was described in 1884 by E. L. Regel from collections near Verny (
+Almaty
+). This species was first collected in 1879 by A. E. Regel and A. M. Fetisov (the chief gardener of Pishpek (
+Bishkek
+) in charge of the Treasury Garden in Verny) (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+Zonneveld (2009)
+suggested that
+
+T. ostrowskiana
+
+may be an allotetraploid originating from
+
+T. kolpakowskiana
+
+and
+
+T. lemmersii
+
+based on genome size. Spontaneous hybrids of
+
+T. ostrowskiana
+
+and
+
+T. kolpakowskiana
+
+with intermediate flower coloration and habit traits are known in nature (
+Vvedensky 1935
+;
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa ostrowskiana
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A
+general habits
+B
+flowers showing different color morphs. (Photos:
+A, B
+by V. Kolbintsev and V. Epiktetov).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/E6/63/3A/E6633ABD0ABA5B3AAB29A1A0BE9C6685.xml b/data/E6/63/3A/E6633ABD0ABA5B3AAB29A1A0BE9C6685.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aed5cbdeddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/E6/63/3A/E6633ABD0ABA5B3AAB29A1A0BE9C6685.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa suaveolens
+Roth, Ann. Bot. (Usteri)
+
+10: 44 (1794)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 39
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• ‘ Deserta Caspica’,
+Pallas
+(
+neotype
+BM!) [
+neotype
+designated by
+Christenhusz et al. 2013: 320
+].
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+, Krym, North Caucasus, and Transcaucasus (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Aktobe, Turgay, Bukeev, Emba, Mugojary, Caspian region, Syrt, Tobol-Ishim, Western Upland, Aral region, and Ulytau. This species grows on steppe and semi-desert areas.
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species has not yet been assessed. It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+III
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+This species is usually reported under
+
+T. schrenkii
+Regel
+
+, which was first described from the Yesil River valley in 1873. However, the older name
+
+T. suaveolens
+
+takes precedence (
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+).
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+provided lectotyping of
+
+T. suaveolens
+
+from a specimen collected in the wild, securing the name for wild plants. In
+Kazakhstan
+, this species is found in the Caspian region to the Eastern Shallow Basin and from the northern borders of the country to the northern part of Mangystau (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa suaveolens
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+flowers showing color variation of the species
+D
+tepals of two different color morphs
+E
+gynoecium
+F
+stamens
+G
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A – G
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/E7/7E/DC/E77EDC0C016A5B6597A8D0535B8910ED.xml b/data/E7/7E/DC/E77EDC0C016A5B6597A8D0535B8910ED.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7b82e5f7067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/E7/7E/DC/E77EDC0C016A5B6597A8D0535B8910ED.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa regelii
+Krasn., Bot. Zap.
+
+2: 21 (1888)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 36
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• ‘
+Prope
+fauces fluminis
+Kurtu
+inter saxa non rara in montibus
+Andrakai
+rarior’,
+
+April 1886
+
+,
+
+A. Krassnow
+s. n.
+
+(LE)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Balkhash-Alakol, and Chu-Ili range. This species grows on rocky, gravelly slopes and scree (
+800–1100 m
+a. s. l.).
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa regelii
+
+is an endangered species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in March – April; fruiting in May – June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa regelii
+
+was described in 1887 by the prominent Russian botanical geographer A. N. Krasnov, who surveyed the Shu-Ili Mountains (where the species was collected from the Anyrakai and Kurti tracts). The species is named in honor of E. L. Regel, the director of the botanical garden in
+St. Petersburg
+(
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). It is one of the most distinctive tulips due to the leaf blade surface having many parallel ridge-like outgrowths. However, the position of this species in the genus
+
+Tulipa
+
+remains controversial.
+Vvedensky (1935)
+classified
+
+T. regelii
+
+into a separate section,
+T. sect. Lophophyllon
+Vved, due to the unique structure of its leaf blade. Meanwhile,
+Zonneveld (2009)
+placed it in the section
+
+Biflores
+
+based on its genome size and flower structure. However,
+Christenhusz et al. (2013)
+assigned
+
+T. regelii
+
+to the subgenus
+
+Eriostemones
+
+. Later,
+Wilson (2023)
+placed
+
+T. regelii
+
+in the section
+
+Sylvestres
+(Baker) Baker.
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/E8/34/02/E83402562A815040ACC7EEE807EC5ADF.xml b/data/E8/34/02/E83402562A815040ACC7EEE807EC5ADF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d81e55f931d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/E8/34/02/E83402562A815040ACC7EEE807EC5ADF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa patens
+C. Agardh, Syst. Veg.
+
+, ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 384 (1829).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 35
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+‘ In Sibiria’, Agardh (LD?, not found).
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+, and
+Russia
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Syrt, Tobol-Ishim, Irtysh, Semipalatinsk pine forest, Kokchetav, Mugojary, Turgay, Western Upland, Ulytau, Zaysan, Eastern Upland, Karkaraly, and
+Altai
+, Tarbagatai. This species grows in steppe, semi-desert and shrub land on gravelly clayey slopes.
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment. It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+III
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+A complete species description of
+
+T. patens
+
+was published in 1829 by J. Roemer and J. Schultes (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). Subsequently, C. F. Ledebour described it as
+
+T. tricolor
+Ledeb.
+
+The taxonomic position of
+
+T. patens
+
+is relatively controversial. Some authors (
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+;
+Li et al. 2021
+) place it in synonymy of
+
+T. sylvestris subsp. australis
+
+, while other authors (
+Polyakov 1958
+;
+Cherepanov 1995
+;
+Zonneveld 2009
+;
+Kutlunina et al. 2013
+;
+Wilson 2023
+) consider this species an independent taxon. We believe that
+
+T. patens
+
+deserves recognition based on its complex morphological characteristics and ecology.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa patens
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+flower
+D
+tepals
+E
+gynoecium
+F
+stamens
+G
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A – G
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F1/CA/C8/F1CAC8656FA151308529D296F45278EE.xml b/data/F1/CA/C8/F1CAC8656FA151308529D296F45278EE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6fc39a63055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F1/CA/C8/F1CAC8656FA151308529D296F45278EE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa auliekolica
+Perezhogin, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.
+
+45: 145 (2014).
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 9
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• Prov. Kostanay,
+Auliekol distr.
+,
+
+25 April 2009
+
+,
+
+Yu. Perezhogin
+s. n.
+
+(LE)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Endemic to
+Kazakhstan
+(
+Kubentayev et al. 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Tobol-Ishim and Turgay. This species grows in cereal steppes on plains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa auliekolica
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C
+flower
+D
+tepals
+E
+gynoecium
+F
+stamens
+G
+bulb and bulb sheath. (Photos:
+A – G
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+The IUCN conservation status of this species requires assessment.
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April; fruiting expected from May to June.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa auliekolica
+
+was first described in 2013 by Yu. V. Perezhogin from Kostanay region, Northern
+Kazakhstan
+. Morphologically, this species is similar to
+
+T. biflora
+
+but differs in its darker blackish-brown bulb tunics and yellow flower petals (
+Perezhogin 2013
+). The independence of this species raises doubts, as the known morphological characteristics are insufficient to assign the species rank. Additionally,
+
+T. biflora
+
+and
+
+T. auliekolica
+
+were placed in the same clade on the phylogenetic tree constructed using data from GenBank (Fig.
+3
+). Accordingly, we consider it necessary to conduct phylogenetic and morphological studies to establish the taxonomic position of
+
+T. auliekolica
+
+in
+
+Tulipa
+
+genus. New localities of this species were established in Northern
+Kazakhstan
+during this study, according to herbarium collections of Yu. V. Perezhogin in the herbarium of the KSPI. Previously, the distribution of this species was only reported for two localities, including the
+type
+locality (
+15 km
+from the Karamendy turnoff) (
+Perezhogin 2013
+) and FR Turgay, north of the Akkuma sands (
+Perezhogin et al. 2015
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F3/63/DC/F363DC507F6D5547958447B7A97C1EBA.xml b/data/F3/63/DC/F363DC507F6D5547958447B7A97C1EBA.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2df4012e1a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F3/63/DC/F363DC507F6D5547958447B7A97C1EBA.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa heteropetala
+Ledeb., Icon. Pl.
+
+[Ledebour] 1: 21, t. 85 (1829)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 21
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+• ‘ Bukhtarminsk et Mont Kurtschum’,
+Ledebour
+(
+holotype
+LE).
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+China
+(
+Xinjiang
+),
+Kazakhstan
+, and
+Russia
+(
+Altai
+) (
+POWO 2024
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+
+Altai
+, Tarbagatai, and Zaysan. This species grows on steppes and semi-deserts on stony and rubbly slopes.
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa heteropetala
+
+is a least concern species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+). It is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting in June – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa heteropetala
+
+was described by C. F. Ledebour in 1829 using herbarium material from the vicinity of Bukhtarma (
+East Kazakhstan
+). This species is morphologically similar to
+
+T. uniflora
+
+but different by its strong spreading, deviated leaves, very sharp tepals, and expanded stamen filaments below the middle (
+Vvedensky 1935
+). Some authors (
+Mordak 1990
+,
+1992
+;
+Cherepanov 1995
+) consider
+
+T. heteropetala
+
+a synonym of
+
+T. uniflora
+
+. However, most authors consider it an independent species (
+Vvedensky 1935
+;
+Abdulina 1999
+;
+Zonneveld 2009
+;
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+;
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). According to recent morphological analyses of
+
+Tulipa
+species
+
+of the subgenus
+
+Orithyia
+
+,
+
+T. heteropetala
+
+does not grow in South Siberia, and the previously reported tulips in this region, under the name
+
+T. heteropetala
+
+are large individuals of
+
+T. uniflora
+(
+Chernysheva et al. 2023
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa heteropetala
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A
+general habits
+B
+flowers. (Photos:
+A, B
+by G. Bolbotov and V. Kolbintsev).
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/DB/86/F4DB866D43AC534EB0B0DC11AEAA2003.xml b/data/F4/DB/86/F4DB866D43AC534EB0B0DC11AEAA2003.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f2c4279b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/DB/86/F4DB866D43AC534EB0B0DC11AEAA2003.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+
+
+
+Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Muller, Burgert S.
+0000-0002-7304-4050
+Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Swart, Vaughn R.
+0000-0001-7905-5298
+Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Snyman, Louwrens P.
+0000-0002-5768-7216
+Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+African Invertebrates
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+65
+
+
+2
+
+
+247
+327
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524
+BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212
+
+
+
+
+
+Suragina malavaensis
+Muller
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 6
+,
+23
+,
+24
+,
+47
+,
+64
+,
+68
+,
+82
+
+
+
+
+Type material examined.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+:
+Kenya
+•
+1 ♂
+;
+Western Province
+;
+Malava Forest
+;
+
+00 ° 27.8232 ' N
+,
+34 ° 51.4362 ' E
+
+;
+
+1619 masl
+
+;
+
+4–18 May 2017
+
+;
+R. Copeland
+leg.;
+Indigenous forest
+;
+Malaise trap
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+3863-72
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+: •
+1 ♂
+; same data as holotype; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♂
+; same data as holotype;
+
+20 Apr. – 4 May 2017
+
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+•
+
+1 ♀
+; same data as holotype;
+
+1–15 Jun. 2017
+
+; (
+
+ICIPE
+
+)
+
+.
+
+
+Holotype
+and
+paratypes
+deposited at
+
+ICIPE
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+A species with well-developed subtriangular upper occipital markings (Fig.
+6
+). The wing with a hyaline band between brown suffused apical third of wing and substigmal markings (Fig.
+47
+). The species is most similar to
+
+S. freidbergi
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+, however the latter has the upper occipital marking more rectangular (Fig.
+8
+) than triangular, and the mid femur entirely yellow compared to that of
+
+S. malavaensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+that has its mid femur yellow with the base dark. Additionally,
+
+S. malavaensis
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+has tergites 4 and onwards orange-yellow compared to that of
+
+S. freidbergi
+Muller
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+that has tergites 3–5 with posterior grey pruinose bands.
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Measurements
+(
+♂
+n = 2,
+♀
+n = 1): Wing span:
+♂
+7.1–7.6 mm
+(avg.
+7.3 mm
+);
+♀
+8.4 mm
+; body length:
+♂
+8.2–8.4 mm
+(avg.
+8.3 mm
+);
+♀
+8.9 mm
+; wing span to body length ratio (avg.):
+♂
+0.88;
+♀
+0.94.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+23
+).
+
+
+
+Head
+: Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic, eyes touching; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye with indentation; ocellar tubercle elevated, visible in profile, pale setulose (rubbed bare in
+♀
+), black in colour; vertex bluish-grey pruinose, with only pale setulae; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, not placed as deeply towards middle of head as in
+♀
+; dorsal inner edge of eye abutting ocellar tubercle; occiput with same bluish-grey pruinosity as rest of head; paired black markings with dark setulae on upper occiput widening towards lateral margin of head, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with similar dark setulae; lower occiput with long pale setulae, only genal area with dark setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have mix of pale and dark ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons widening from velvety-black patch towards antennal base; frons bare; face and gena bluish-grey, face with pale setulae; clypeus black with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by a deep transverse suture, similar to lateral sutures; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel same dark brown to blackish colour as rest of head, with white pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere darker orange with similar pruinosity as other segments, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brown; scape and pedicel of similar size; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, ca 1.5 × size of pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus black on apical half with scattered white pruinosity, orange-yellow on basal half, with dark setulae throughout; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis mostly orange-yellow, with some infuscation on labellum, entire structure interspersed with some long pale and dark setulae.
+
+
+Thorax
+: Scutum shining black with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum to before scutellum; pronotum bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; postpronotal lobe dark brown, slight bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae, anterolateral margin of lobe lighter yellowish- to orange-brown (
+♀
+colouring more apparent); notopleuron bluish-grey pruinose with long dark setulae and some pale setulae anteriorly; postalar wall and postalar callus dark brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity, anterior of postalar callus orange-yellow; scutellum dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, entire margin orange-yellow from base to apex; scutum generally with short dark setulae with postsutural setulae longer than presutural setulae, especially prescutellar setulae; majority of pleura bluish-grey pruinose, except for anatergite, posterior of anepimeron, part of meron shiny blackish-brown; all pleura that are bluish-grey pruinose have long pale setulae; anepimeron with long pale setulae, anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings brownish-yellow, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore coxa entirely yellow with only some scattered white pruinosity, mid and hind coxae blackish-brown, with bluish-grey pruinosity on surface; fore coxa with mostly pale setulae except for some dark setulae apically; mid coxa with long pale setulae on anterior surface, sparsely setulose along posterior margin; hind coxa with a mix of long pale and dark setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long pale setulae; fore and hind trochanters mostly dirty yellow with edges brown, mid trochanter dark brown with yellow edges, all trochanters with short pale setulae; fore femur entirely yellow; mid femur yellow with extreme base in some specimens shiny dark brown, otherwise yellow; hind femur dark brown except for yellow basal and apical sections; fore tibia and tarsi dark brown almost black; mid tibia and basitarsus yellow, apical tarsal segments appearing darker; hind tibia blackish-brown, with apex dark yellow; hind tarsi dark brown except for dark yellow basal part of basitarsus; fore tarsal claws asymmetrical, outer claw much larger than inner claw, foreleg empodium ca 2 × size of inner pulvillus, outer pulvillus ca 2 × length of inner, approaching size of outer claw; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore femur with 2–3 long pale setulae grouped together on ventral surface, similar in appearance as rest of setulae; all femora with a mix of short pale and dark and long pale setulae on dorsal surfaces; fore femur with long pale setulae on apical ventral and posteroventral surfaces; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface, without dark setulae dorso-apically (present in
+♀
+); hind femur with setulae throughout, longer pale setulae dorsally, darker surface areas with dark setulae; fore and mid tibiae with short dark setulae; hind tibia with dark setulae that are at least as long as segment is wide; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; combined length of hind tarsal segments subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+(Fig.
+47
+): Brown suffused on apical half except for middle of discal cell, base of cells
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+and
+
+r
+5
+
+that appears lighter; dark brown stigma over cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; darker suffused substigmal marking running down from stigma over crossvein
+r – m
+, bases of discal cell, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+and apex of cell
+br
+; cells
+bm
+and
+cua
+hyaline; veins dark brown, with additional brown suffusion around vein
+CuA
+; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk dirty yellow, knob darker yellowish-brown, with a few short and dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Tergite 1 orange-yellow with anterior and posterior margins dark brown, lateral margins orange-yellow; tergites 2 and 3 mostly orange-yellow, lateral margins also dark brown; a dark median vitta runs from anterior of tergite 1 to posterior of tergite 3; rest of tergites orange-brown without darker colouring; tergites covered in short dark setulae with longer pale setulae on lateral margins; tergite 1 medially with a longitudinal suture; sternites all orange-yellow.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+64
+,
+68
+): Epandrium and cercus dark brown with dark setulae; gonocoxite, hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae; gonostylus tapering to a point, outer edge of gonostylus with some scattered short setulae, inner edge with protrusion with some short setulae, apical third of gonostylus sparsely covered in microtrichia; gonocoxite widening and appearing more rounded on apical half, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer and ventral medial surface densely covered with long setulae, inner surface of upper half bare except for a patch of short setulae on upper marginal area, lower ventral surface similarly setulose as rest of gonocoxite; gonocoxite with microtrichia between setulae; parameral apodeme with pointed apex, not reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.9 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme 0.8 × length of gonocoxite and of similar length as ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature barely extending down past gonocoxites, apex of tines not extending out past parameral sheath; endoaedeagal process ending widely bilobed apically.
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+24
+).
+
+
+Head
+(Fig.
+6
+): Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation; ocellar tubercle elevated, visible in profile, rubbed bare in
+♀
+(
+♂
+pale setulose), bluish-grey pruinose medially when viewed dorsally, otherwise appearing black; vertex bluish-grey pruinose, with only pale setulae; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings, same bluish-grey pruinose as rest of head; occiput similarly bluish-grey pruinose; paired black markings with dark setulae on upper occiput widening towards lateral margin of head, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with similar dark setulae; lower occiput with long pale setulae, only genal area with dark setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have mix of pale and dark ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening only slightly towards antennal base; frons with dark setulae on velvety-black upper half and pale setulae on lower half; face bluish-grey with pale setulae; clypeus black with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse emargination, with deeper sutures laterally; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel same dark brown to blackish colour as rest of head, with white pruinosity; 1
+st
+flagellomere darker orange with similar pruinosity as other segments, 2
+nd
+flagellomere brown; scape ca 2 × size of pedicel; 1
+st
+flagellomere reniform, 2 × size of pedicel; 2
+nd
+flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus black on apical half with scattered white pruinosity, orange-yellow on basal half, with dark setulae throughout; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis approximately same length as head height; proboscis mostly orange-yellow, with some infuscation on labellum, entire structure interspersed with some long pale and dark setulae.
+
+
+Thorax
+(Fig.
+6
+): Scutum shining black with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum to before scutellum; pronotum bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; postpronotal lobe dark brown, slight bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae, anterolateral margin of lobe a lighter yellowish- to orange-brown; notopleuron bluish-grey pruinose with long dark setulae and some pale setulae anteriorly; postalar wall and postalar callus dark brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity, anterior of postalar callus orange-yellow; scutellum dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, apical margin orange-yellow, with laterobasal section appearing to have orange-yellow spot; scutum generally with short dark setulae with postsutural setulae longer than presutural setulae, especially prescutellar setulae; majority of pleura bluish-grey pruinose, except for anatergite, posterior of anepimeron, part of meron shiny blackish-brown; all pleura that are bluish-grey pruinose have long pale setulae; anepimeron with long pale setulae, anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings brownish-yellow, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown.
+
+
+Legs
+: Fore coxa entirely yellow with only some scattered white pruinosity, mid and hind coxae blackish-brown, with bluish-grey pruinosity on surface; fore coxa with mostly pale setulae except for some dark setulae apically; mid coxa with long pale setulae on anterior surface, sparsely setulose along posterior margin; hind coxa with a mix of long pale and dark setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long pale setulae; fore and hind trochanters mostly dirty yellow with edges brown, mid trochanter dark brown with yellow edges, all trochanters with short pale setulae; fore femur entirely yellow; mid femur yellow with anteroventral basal quarter a shiny dark brown; hind femur dark brown except for yellow basal and apical sections; fore tibia and tarsi dark brown almost black; mid tibia and basitarsus yellow, apical tarsal segments appearing darker; hind tibia blackish-brown, with apex dark yellow; hind tarsi dark brown except for dark yellow basal part of basitarsus; fore tarsal claws and pulvilli symmetrical, pulvilus and empodium of similar size; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore femur with 2–3 long pale setulae grouped together on ventral surface, similar in appearance as rest of setulae; all femora with a mix of short pale and dark setulae on dorsal surfaces; fore femur with long pale setulae on apical ventral and posteroventral surfaces; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface, some dark setulae dorso-apically; hind femur with short setulae throughout except for longer pale setulae towards apex; all tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsal segments 0.9 × (
+♀
+) as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
+
+
+Wing
+: Brown suffused on apical half except for middle of discal cell, base of cells
+
+r
+2 + 3
+
+and
+
+r
+5
+
+that is hyaline; dark brown stigma over cell
+
+r
+1
+
+; darker suffused substigmal marking running down from stigma over crossvein
+r – m
+, bases of discal cell, cell
+
+m
+3
+
+and apex of cell
+br
+; cells
+bm
+and
+cua
+hyaline; veins dark brown, with additional brown suffusion around vein
+CuA
+; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
+cua
+closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
+
+m
+3
+
+open, veins
+
+M
+1
+
+,
+
+M
+2
+
+,
+
+M
+3
+
+present; haltere stalk dirty yellow, knob brown, with a few short and dark setulae.
+
+
+Abdomen
+: Tergite 1 dark brown to black, basal margin produced anteriorly, orange-yellow with slight grey pruinosity and black edge; tergite 2 mostly orange-yellow with a dark brown median vitta running towards a narrow brown posterior margin, lateral margins also dark brown; tergites 3 and 4 dark brown, tergite 4 orange-brown along posterior margin except for dark brown median vitta which runs down tergite 5 as well; tergites 5–7 orange-yellow for most part with lateral margins same colour; abdomen covered in short dark setulae with longer pale setulae on lateral margins; pale setulae on orange-yellow sections of tergite 2; tergite 1 medially with a longitudinal suture; sternites with long pale setulae similar to those on tergites; sternites 1 and 2 pale yellow, sternite 3 brown, and rest of sternites darker orange ending in black terminalia.
+
+
+Terminalia
+(Fig.
+82
+): Cercus dark brown with pale setulae; sternite 8 blackish-brown; genital fork with distal apodeme narrow, ending broadly, but shallowly bifurcated; median lobe with narrow emargination; paired apical lobes with somewhat slender appearance, inner surface with clustered microtrichia at apex; arms gradually rounded; three oval and sclerotized spermathecae.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+Named after the
+type
+locality, Malava Forest,
+Kenya
+. Feminine adjective in the nominative singular case.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+Kenya
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/FD/2F/80/FD2F80134A6D52C9A99223BE44B9B436.xml b/data/FD/2F/80/FD2F80134A6D52C9A99223BE44B9B436.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a58a7fac45b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/FD/2F/80/FD2F80134A6D52C9A99223BE44B9B436.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+
+
+
+Revisiting the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Kazakhstan, the country with the richest tulip diversity worldwide
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kubentayev, Serik A.
+0000-0002-0369-0591
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj
+0000-0003-4224-9376
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Alibekov, Daniyar T.
+0000-0003-1555-1430
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tojibaev, Komiljon Sh.
+0000-0003-2846-5777
+Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nyamgerel, Nudkhuu
+0000-0002-9110-423X
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ivashchenko, Anna A.
+0000-0002-8526-4296
+Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Tsegmed, Zagarjav
+0000-0002-6024-4918
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Epiktetov, Vladimir G.
+0000-0001-5406-0568
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sitpayeva, Gulnara T.
+0000-0003-4614-6155
+Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Izbastina, Klara S.
+0000-0002-6418-1950
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Idrissova, Zhansaya T.
+0000-0003-3231-8518
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mukhtubayeva, Saule K.
+0000-0001-5921-3113
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Abubakirova, Nurganym B.
+0000-0002-7503-0955
+Astana Botanical Garden, Astana 010016, Kazakhstan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gil, Hee-Young
+0000-0003-3714-0827
+Department of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Choi, Hyeok Jae
+0000-0001-6315-0071
+Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
+
+text
+
+
+PhytoKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-23
+
+
+250
+
+
+95
+163
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/phytokeys.250.136736
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa zenaidae
+Vved., Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ.
+
+21: 150 (1935)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 46
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+
+
+
+Kyrgyzstan
+• ‘
+Habitat
+in montibus
+Alexandricis
+(Tian-Shan) ’,
+
+14 June 1932
+
+,
+Vvedensky 280
+(TASH)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+General distribution.
+
+
+Kazakhstan
+, and
+Kyrgyzstan
+(
+Sennikov and Tojibaev 2021
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution in
+Kazakhstan
+and habitat.
+
+
+Kyrgyz Alatau. This species grows in fine earth and gravelly slopes, usually with thickets of bushes, in the lower mountain belt.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Tulipa zenaidae
+
+in Kazakhstan
+A, B
+general habits
+C, D
+flowers
+E
+tepals
+F, G
+gynoecium and stamens
+H
+bulb (Photos:
+A – H
+by S. Kubentayev).
+
+
+
+
+
+Conservation status.
+
+
+
+Tulipa zenaidae
+
+is a vulnerable species at the global level (
+IUCN 2024
+); it is included in the Red Book of
+Kazakhstan
+(Category
+II
+).
+
+
+
+
+Phenology.
+
+Flowering in April – May; fruiting May – July.
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+
+Tulipa zenaidae
+
+was described by A. I. Vvedensky in 1935 from Kyrgyz Ridge (Mount Shekule). The species was named in honor of Zinaida Botschantzeva, who devoted her life to studying Central Asian tulips (
+Ivashchenko and Belyalov 2019
+). According to the latest classification, this species was assigned the synonym of
+
+T. lehmanniana
+
+(
+Christenhusz et al. 2013
+;
+Everett et al. 2013
+).
+Wilson (2023)
+later confirmed that
+
+T. zenaidae
+
+is a different species from
+
+T. lehmanniana
+
+which we agree with in this study.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file