diff --git a/data/03/91/97/0391977EFFB2FF83603D629D3829FD64.xml b/data/03/91/97/0391977EFFB2FF83603D629D3829FD64.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b4732a7b0f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/91/97/0391977EFFB2FF83603D629D3829FD64.xml @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ + + + +Two new species of Pethia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), representing a sympatric species pair, from the Ayeyarwady drainage, Myanmar + + + +Author + +Conway, Kevin W. + + + +Author + +, Amanda K. Pinion + + + +Author + +Kottelat, + + + +Author + +Maurice + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2021 + +2021-03-15 + + +69 + + +80 +101 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2021-0007 +2345-7600 +13256872 +A9E97760-A5C2-4FC1-A760-71145414B549 + + + + + + + +Pethia pollux + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 11 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +MHNG 2785.034 +, +40.4 mm +SL; +Myanmar +: +Kachin State +: +Tan Pway Kone Chaung +at northern edge of +Thila Pha Inn +, +Indaw Inn +, +24°18′15″N +96°48′42″E +[near Shwegu]; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +27 June 2017 + +. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +All +Myanmar +. + +Kachin State +: + +CMK 27070 +, +3 +, +36.1–39.3 mm +SL; 2, +38.2–40.9 mm +SL [DNA voucher, fixed in 95% ethanol]; same as +holotype +. — +CMK 28804 +, +12 +, +38.6–43.2 mm +SL; +ZRC 61663 +, +5 +, +36.3–39.9 mm +SL; +TCWC 20250.01 +, +1 +[CT voucher, M87992], +37.1 mm +SL; +TCWC 20250.02 +, +4 +, +35.8–41.7 mm +SL; +TCWC 20250.03 +, +3 +[C&S], 35.4 –40.0 mm SL; mouth of outlet of Indaw Inn into +Ayeyarwady +River, +24°13′08″N +96°49′25″E +[near Shwegu]; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +27 June 2017 + + +. + + + + +Sagaing Region +: + +CMK 28807 +, +2 +, +26.1–28.3 mm +SL + +; + +Ayeyarwady +River +near +Hti Chaint Myit Yoe +, +23°43′59″N +96°09′50″E +; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +30 June 2017 + + +. — + +CMK 27937 +, +1 +, +39.3 mm +SL [DNA voucher, fixed in 95% ethanol] + +; + +Ayeyarwady +River +near +Hti Kone village +, about + +55 km +North + +of + + +Mandalay +, +22°26′41″N +96°00′18″E +; +M. Kottelat +et al., + +2 July 2017 + + +. + + +Additional material +(non-types). + +CMK 28805 +, +56 +, +33.6 +– +41.6 +; +Myanmar +: +Kachin State +: mouth of outlet of +Indaw Inn +into +Ayeyarwady +River +, +24°13′08″N +96°49′25″E +; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +27 June 2017 + + +. — + +UF 191631 +, +10 +[2 C&S], +29.8–35.8 mm +SL; +Myanmar +: +Kachin State +: +Ayeyarwady +drainage, +Bhamo Market +( +24°15′00″N +97°12′36″E +), purchased from fishermen by +T. R. Roberts +, + +April 2002 + + +. — + +CMK 26822 +, +2 +, +26.4–33.8 mm +SL; +Myanmar +: +Sagaing Region +: oxbow lake of +Ayeyarwady +River +, about +37 km +downriver of +Shwegu +, + +92 masl + +, +24°17′11″N +96°28′30″E +; +Nyein Chan +, + +9 February 2017 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Pethia pollux + +is distinguished from all congeners, except + +P. castor + +, by the absence of black blotches (round or vertically elongate) on the body and by the presence of two black markings on anterior half of dorsal fin, including a larger marking over base of second unbranched to third branched ray and intervening fin membranes, and a smaller marking covering distal, flexible tip of third unbranched ray. + + +The external differences in preserved material of + +P. pollux + +and + +P. castor + +are not striking and may not be discernible in not optimally preserved specimens. + +Pethia pollux + +is distinguished from + +P. castor + +by: lacking a horizontal stripe along body side (vs. a weak stripe present, most evident in males); scales located on lower half of caudal peduncle, with dense scattering of dark brown melanophores, forming distinct reticulate pattern ( +Fig. 2B +; vs. with few faint brown melanophores forming weak or barely discernible reticulate pattern); presence of isolated lateral-line canal ossicles on scales in lateral line canal row on posterior part of body ( +Fig. 12 +; vs. absence); a slightly larger eye (orbit diameter 32–36% HL vs. 29–33); a slightly longer (23–29% HL vs. 19–25), more pointed (vs. rounded) snout; upper lip swollen posteriorly (vs. upper lip uniform thickness along lateral margin of jaw); lateral fold on snout well developed (vs. poorly developed) along anterior margin of lachrymal; rostral cap swollen, obvious in lateral view, overlapping upper lip at midline (vs. rostral cap barely discernible from remainder of snout, not overlapping upper lip dorsally). + + +The following osteological characters too, distinguish + +P. pollux + +from + +P. castor + +: ascending process of premaxilla moderately developed, posteriormost tip reaching past midpoint of kinethmoid when jaws closed (vs. poorly developed, posteriormost tip not reaching to midpoint of kinethmoid when jaws closed); posterior part of anguloarticular with flat dorsal margin (vs. posterior part of anguloarticular elevated dorsally as large triangular process); central part of mesethmoid with cavernous indentation (vs. weakly concave); supraorbital relatively wide anteriorly, tapering in width abruptly towards posterior, without contact to lateral ethmoid (vs. relatively narrow anteriorly, tapering in width gently towards posterior, firmly attached to lateral ethmoid anteriorly); anterior edge of epibranchial 1 with poorly developed (vs. well-developed), shelf-like anterior extension. + + + + +Description. +See +Figure 11 +for general appearance and +Table 1 +for morphometric data obtained from +holotype +and + + + +Fig. 13. + +Pethia pollux +, CMK + +28804, 41.3 mm SL. +A +, head in lateral view; +B +, close up of snout in lateral view; +C +, head in dorsal and ventral view. + + + +9 paratypes +. Body laterally compressed, relatively deep, greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle depth approximately equal to head depth through orbit. Dorsal profile continuous between head and body, with slight hump at nape; ascending, almost straight, prior to dorsal fin, descending, almost straight, from dorsal-fin origin to just anterior of base of caudal fin, slightly concave at base of caudal fin. Ventral profile of head and body continuous, rounded through pelvic- and anal-fin base, slightly concave along caudal peduncle. + + +Head short, laterally compressed ( +Fig. 13 +). Orbit diameter greater than snout length. Pupil oval, with apex located within anteroventral part of eye in lateral view ( +Fig. 13A, B +). Snout moderately pointed. Mouth small, subterminal, reaching vertical line through anterior margin of anterior nostril. Lips exposed, smooth, moderately thick; lower lip fold interrupted medially; upper lip slightly expanded posteriorly, starting at point opposite lateral fold on snout. Lateral fold on snout located along anterior margin of lachrymal (IO1), well-developed, continuous with shallow groove over dorsal surface of snout. Rostral cap conspicuous, visible in lateral view as swelling at anterior tip of snout; anteriormost part of rostral cap overlapping dorsal part of upper lip along midline ( +Fig. 13B +). Barbels absent. Skin anterior to eye thick, depigmented, opaque ( +Fig. 13B +), visible in dorsal view as a clear, slightly bulbous patch of skin between posterior nostril and orbit ( +Fig. 13C +). Opaque skin overlaying a dense aggregation of connective tissue, closely associated with anterolateral extension of lateral ethmoid and dorsal edge and upper lateral face of the lachrymal (IO1). + + +Supraorbital well-ossified ( +Fig. 4D +), widest at point approximately ⅓ from anterior tip, tapering in width abruptly towards posterior; separate from lateral ethmoid anteriorly. Mesethmoid irregularly shaped; centre with cavernous indentation ( +Figs. 4F +, +5B +), extended dorsolaterally into poorly ossified flanges of membrane bone. Skull roof complete, without post-epiphyseal fontanelle. Masticatory plate broad, oval in ventral view; centre of plate slightly concave. Pharyngeal process of basioccipital process well-developed, extending beyond vertical through centre of compound centrum 2+3. General appearance of neurocranium otherwise similar to that of + +P. ticto + +(see +Katwate et al., 2015 +). Ascending process of premaxilla moderately developed ( +Fig. 14A +), terminating at point posterior to imaginary vertical line through midpoint of kinethmoid with jaws closed. Autopalatine process of maxilla and coronoid process of dentary both well developed ( +Fig. 14A +). Dorsal margin of posterior part of anguloarticular horizontal ( +Fig. 14A +). + + +Cephalic lateral line canal system as described for + +P. castor + +, except preoperculo-mandibular lateral line canal open (roof formed by skin only) along entire horizontal part of preopercle ( +Fig. 14A +). + + +Gill rakers present on gill arches 1–5 ( +Fig. 14C +), with following distribution in 3 C&S specimens: arch 1, a7, 5cb+1eb+1cej/p13–14, 10–11cb+2eb+1cej; arch 2, a13–15, 9–10cb+3–4eb+1cej/p14–16, 10–11cb+3–4eb+1cej; arch 3, a14–16, 10–11cb+3–4eb+1cej/p15–16, 11–12cb+3– 4eb+1cej; arch 4, a15–16, 11cb+3–4eb+1cej/p11–12cb; arch 5, a10–11cb. Pharyngeal teeth on ceratobranchial 5 unicuspid, arranged in three rows, with formula 5,3,2 ( +Fig. 14C, E, F +); tip of crown strongly hooked with weakly serrated surface medial to hooked portion visible on some teeth ( +Fig. 14F +). Anterior edge of epibranchial 1 weakly convex ( +Fig. 14B +). Three branchiostegal rays; tip of posteriormost ray expanded, approximately 3–4 times deeper than pointed tip of anterior rays ( +Fig. 14D +). + + + +Fig. 14. Viscerocranium of + +Pethia pollux +, TCWC + +20250.03, paratype, 35.4 mm SL. +A +, hyopalatine arch and opercular series, right side in lateral view (image reversed). Preoperculo-mandibular canal outlined in green. Inset box shows close-up of posterior part of lower jaw in medial view; +B +, dorsal gill arch elements, right side in dorsal view; +C +, ventral gill arch elements in dorsal view; +D +, hyoid bar, right side in lateral view (image reversed) and urohyal in ventral view; +E +, ceratobranchial 5, right side in oblique dorsolateral view and lateral view; +F +, close up of ceratobranchial 5 teeth, right side in dorsal view (image reversed), anterior to bottom of page. Abbreviations: Aa, anguloarticular; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Apa, autopalatine; Bb1–3, basibranchials 1–3; Bb4C, basibranchial 4 cartilage; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb1–5, ceratobranchials 1–5; Cm, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Eb1–4, epibranchial 1–4; Eb5C, epibranchial 5 cartilage; Ectp, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hb1–3, hypobranchials 1–3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; GR, gill raker; K, kinethmoid; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; Pb2–3, pharyngobranchial 2–3; PC, pulp cavity; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement tooth; Sop, subopercle; Sy, symplectic; Uh, urohyal; VHh, ventral hypohyal. + + + +Dorsal-fin rays iii.8.i (3) or iii.9 (2). Anal-fin rays iii.5.i (3) or iii.6 (2). Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9; dorsal procurrent rays 6 (4) or 7 (1), ventral procurrent rays 5 (4) or 6 (1). Pelvic-fin rays i.7.i (2), i.8 (1) or i.8.i (2). Pectoral-fin rays i.10.i (1), i.11.i (2), i.11.ii (1) or i.12 (1). Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to pelvic-fin origin; posterior margin slightly concave. Last unbranched ray almost as long as first branched ray ( +Fig. 7F +); proximal ⅔ compact, approximately twice as thick as first branched ray, rigid, strongly serrated, with 14–15 pairs of serrae on distal ⅔; apical ⅓ flexible, segmented, without serrae, or with poorly developed serrae on one or two proximal segments; apical ⅓ of ray (developing portion) fragile, missing from majority of specimens (including preserved +holotype +, but present at time of capture; +Fig. 11A +). Anal-fin origin posterior to vertical through base of posteriormost dorsal-fin ray; posterior margin straight to slightly concave. Caudal fin deeply emarginate; tip of lobes weakly pointed. Pelvic-fin tip pointed, adpressed fin reaching vent. Pectoral-fin tip rounded, adpressed fin reaching one scale row anterior to pelvic-fin origin. + + +Body lateral line incomplete, continuous for 8 (1), 9 (3), 10 (1), 11 (1 +* +), 12 (1), 13 (1), 14 (1) or 16 (1) scales, followed in majority of specimens by several (most commonly 1–2, up to 5) isolated lateral line canal ossicles on scales in lateral line row along caudal peduncle ( +Fig. 12 +). Lateral line gently curved, lowest point located on 7 +th +or 8 +th +scale. Scales in lateral-line scale row 23 (4) or 24 (5 +* +), plus 1 (4) or 2 (5 +* +) on base of caudal fin. Predorsal scales 8. Circumpeduncular scales 12 (½/5/½). Scales in transverse row starting at dorsal-fin origin ½4/1/2½. Four to five well-developed radii on anterior and posterior field of each scale. Pseudotympanum located beneath third and fourth scales in lateral-line row ( +Fig. 8C, D +), comprising three openings in hypaxial body musculature; two small, round openings located anterior to 5 +th +rib, larger elongate opening located between 5 +th +and 6 +th +rib through which anterior swimbladder chamber is visible. Myosepta anterior to pseudotympanum; musculature associated with 5 +th +rib more pronounced in male ( +Fig. 8C +) than in female ( +Fig. 8D +). + +Total number of vertebrae 30, with 16 abdominal+14 caudal. Total number of ribs 12, on vertebrae 5–16. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines of vertebrae 8/9 (4) or 9/10 (1). First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted between hemal spines of vertebrae 17/18 (4) or 18/10 (1). Free supraneurals 3, well developed, inserted between neural spines of vertebrae 4/5, 6/7, 8/9. Outer arm of os suspensorium elongate, reaching past imaginary horizontal line through dorsalmost tip of postcleithrum. 6 hypurals in caudal skeleton. Free uroneural (second) absent. + +Colouration. +In formalin, about 1 month after fixation ( +Fig. 11B +). Body background colour yellowish to light cream. Scales (excluding those of lowermost abdomen) with variable brown pigment (see below). Thin black axial streak along horizontal septum, most evident on posterior ⅔ of body, obscured by scale pigment anteriorly. Scales above horizontal septum generally with dense scattering of light brown melanophores over most of scale surface, excluding an anterior depigmented area posterior to anterior scale base and a posterior, crescent-shaped depigmented area close to posterior margin. Scales below horizontal septum (excluding those on lower abdomen) with cluster of dark brown melanophores on scale pocket, forming a regular pattern of small vertically elongate markings, most obvious on lateral line canal bearing scales and those scales in row immediately below, indistinct on lower part of caudal peduncle. Scales on lower half of caudal peduncle with single row of brown melanophores along posterior margin, creating weak reticulate pattern ( +Fig. 2B +). Dorsal surface of head and lateral surface of snout with dense scattering of dark brown melanophores ( +Fig. 13 +). Sparse scattering of dark brown melanophores on skin covering upper part of opercle and around ventral margin of orbit ( +Fig. 13A +). Dorsal fin with two black markings on anterior half ( +Fig. 7D, E +), including a larger marking over base of second unbranched to third branched ray and intervening fin membranes, and a smaller, indistinct marking covering distal, flexible tip of third unbranched ray. Dorsal fin with light scattering of brown or black melanophores distally, most obvious along branched tips of rays. Caudal fin hyaline in alcohol, except for light scattering of brown melanophores over base of upper- and lowermost principal caudal-fin rays. Anal fin with light scattering of brown melanophores, most obvious over branched tips of rays. Pectoral fin hyaline, except for light scattering of dark brown to black melanophores over four anteriormost rays; melanophores associated with anteriormost pectoral-fin ray darker than on other rays, creating faint black to dark brown stripe, better developed in males. Pelvic fin hyaline. + + +In life. Upper part of body and caudal peduncle blueishsilver ( +Fig.11A +). Abdominal region silvery. Infraorbital and opercular bones with large amounts of guanine and reflective, appearing silvery. Larger marking over anterior dorsal-fin base black. Smaller marking at tip of dorsal fin and markings on other fins indistinct. + + +Sexual dimorphism. +No obvious external sexual dimorphism. Hypaxial musculature surrounding pseudotympanum slightly hypertrophied in male, most obvious in hypaxial myomeres anterior to structure and hypaxial musculature surrounding 5 +th +rib. Mature females with swollen abdomens; ripe ovaries visible through body side in preserved specimens, light cream in colour. One dissected female with ripe ovary containing ~ +250 eggs +of diameter +0.6–0.8 mm +. + + + + +Distribution. +Known to date from only a few sites in the middle +Ayeyarwady +( +Fig. 9 +), between Bhamo and +Mandalay +. The +type +locality, Tan Pway Kone Chaung at northern edge of Thila Pha Inn, was a pond in a very slow-flowing stream at the edge of the floodplain ( +Fig. 10B +), with moderately clear water (as compared to the murky adjacent marsh and lake). Numerous submerged aquatic plants were present (in contrast to the adjacent flooded lakes). See under + +P. castor + +for more information. + + + + +Etymology. +Pollux, divine twin half-brother of Castor in Greek mythology, alluded also in the name of a star of the constellation and astrological sign of Gemini (twins). A noun in apposition. + + +Genetic Distances. +The mean genetic distance (uncorrected +p +-distance) between the COI sequences obtained for + +P. pollux + +(n=3; see Appendix 1 for GenBank numbers and museum voucher numbers) differed by 0.1% (range 0–0.1%). Sequences obtained for + +P. pollux + +differed from those of + +P. castor + +(n=2) by 8.2%. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/91/97/0391977EFFBFFF9962CE66E23AB5F846.xml b/data/03/91/97/0391977EFFBFFF9962CE66E23AB5F846.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c007b042438 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/91/97/0391977EFFBFFF9962CE66E23AB5F846.xml @@ -0,0 +1,976 @@ + + + +Two new species of Pethia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), representing a sympatric species pair, from the Ayeyarwady drainage, Myanmar + + + +Author + +Conway, Kevin W. + + + +Author + +, Amanda K. Pinion + + + +Author + +Kottelat, + + + +Author + +Maurice + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2021 + +2021-03-15 + + +69 + + +80 +101 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2021-0007 +2345-7600 +13256872 +A9E97760-A5C2-4FC1-A760-71145414B549 + + + + + + + +Pethia castor + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 1 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +MHNG 2785.033 +, +36.9 mm +SL; +Myanmar +: +Kachin State +: mouth of outlet of +Indaw Inn +into +Ayeyarwady +River +, +24°13′08″N +96°49′25″E +[near Shwegu]; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +27 June 2017 + +. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +Myanmar +: +Kachin State +: +CMK 27085 +, +24 + +, +38.4–39.7 mm +SL; + +ZRC 61662 +, +8 + +, 35.0– +37.5 mm +SL; + +TCWC 20251.01 +, +1 + +[CT voucher, M87960], +34.7 mm +SL; + +TCWC 20251.02 +, +8 + +, +34.5–37.9 mm +SL; + +TCWC 20251.03 +, +2 + +[C&S], 36.0– +38.4 mm +SL; same as +holotype +. — + +CMK 28806 +, +2 + +, + + + +Fig. 1. + +Pethia castor + +, Myanmar, Sagaing Region (A, B, photographed after short period in formalin) and Kachin State (C, D). +A +, CMK 27159, paratype, male, 38.6 mm SL; +B +, CMK 27130, paratype, male, 39.4 mm SL; +C +, CMK 27085, paratype, male, 35.2 mm SL; +D +, MHNG 2785.033, holotype, female, 36.9 mm SL. + + + +29.7–35.5 mm +SL; 2, +35.7–38.4 mm +SL [DNA voucher, fixed in 95% ethanol]; Tan Pway Kone Chaung at northern edge of Thila Pha Inn, Indaw Inn, +24°18′15″N +96°48′42″E +[near Shwegu]; M. Kottelat & Nyein Chan, +27 June 2017 +. + + + + +Other Material +. + +Myanmar +. + +Sagaing Region +: + +CMK 27130 +, +1 +, +39.4 mm +SL + +; + +Ayeyarwady +River +upstream of +Hti Chaint +, +23°46′23″N +96°10′22″E +; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +30 June 2017 + +. — +CMK 27144 +, +2 +, +32.4–34.5 mm +SL + +; + +Ayeyarwady +River +upstream of +Hti Chaint +, +Sa Khan Kyaut Maw Inn +(backwaters), +23°46′23″N +96°10′22″E +; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +30 June 2017 + +. — +CMK 27159 +, +5 +, +35.4–39.9 mm +SL + +; + +Ayeyarwady +River +near +Hti Chaint Myit Yoe +, +23°43′59″N +96°09′50″E +; +M. Kottelat +& +Nyein Chan +, + +30 June 2017 + +. — +CMK 27224 +, +1 +, +35.4 mm +SL + +; + +Ayeyarwady +River +, sand bank near +Shein Ma Kar village +, about + +40 km +North + +of + + +Mandalay +, +22°18′20″N +95°59′12″E +; +M. Kottelat +et al., + +2 July 2017 + +. — +CMK 28787 +, +113 +, +26.7–42.2 mm +SL; same data as holotype + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Pethia castor + +is distinguished from all other species of + +Pethia + +, except + +P. pollux + +, by the absence of black blotches (round or vertically elongate) on the body, and by the presence of two black markings on anterior half of dorsal fin, including a larger marking over base of second unbranched to third branched ray and intervening fin membranes, and a smaller marking covering the distal, flexible tip of third unbranched ray. + + + +Fig. 2. Pigmentation pattern on caudal peduncle scales in + +Pethia +. + +A +, + +P. castor +, MHNG + +2785.033, holotype, female, 36.9 mm SL; +B +, + +P. pollux +, MHNG + +2785.034, holotype, female, 40.4 mm SL. + + + +The external differences in preserved material of + +P. castor + +and + +P. pollux + +are not striking and may not be discernible in specimens that have not been optimally preserved. + +Pethia castor + +is distinguished from + +P. pollux + +by the weak horizontal stripe along body side (most evident in males; +Fig. 1A–C +) (vs. absence); scales on lower half of caudal peduncle with few or no faint brown melanophores scattered over pocket and along posterior margin, when present forming a weak or barely discernible reticulate pattern (vs. with dense scattering of dark brown melanophores, forming an obvious reticulate pattern; +Fig. 2A +); the absence of isolated lateral-line canal ossicles on scales in lateral-line canal row on posterior part of body (vs. presence); a slightly shorter (19–25% HL vs. 23–29), more rounded (vs. pointed) snout; a slightly smaller eye (orbit diameter 29–33% HL vs. 32–36); upper lip relatively thin, of uniform thickness along lateral margin of jaw (vs. upper lip swollen posteriorly); lateral fold on snout poorly developed (vs. well developed) along anterior margin of lachrymal; rostral cap barely discernible from remainder of snout, not overlapping upper lip dorsally (vs. rostral cap swollen, obvious in lateral view, overlapping upper lip at midline). + + +The following osteological characters too, distinguish + +P. castor + +from + +P. pollux + +: ascending process of premaxilla poorly developed, posteriormost tip not reaching midpoint of kinethmoid with jaws closed (vs. ascending process moderately developed, posteriormost tip reaching past midpoint of kinethmoid with jaws closed); posterior part of anguloarticular elevated dorsally as large triangular process (vs. posterior part of anguloarticular with flat dorsal margin); central part of mesethmoid weakly concave (vs. with central cavernous indentation); supraorbital relatively narrow anteriorly, tapering in width gently towards posterior, firmly attached to lateral ethmoid anteriorly (vs. relatively wide anteriorly, tapering in width abruptly towards posterior, not in contact with lateral ethmoid anteriorly); anterior edge of epibranchial 1 with well-developed (vs. poorly developed), shelf-like anterior extension. + + + + +Description. +See +Figure 1 +for general appearance and +Table 1 +for morphometric data obtained from +holotype +and +9 paratypes +. Body laterally compressed, relatively deep, greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle depth approximately equal to head depth through mid-orbit. Dorsal profile continuous between head and body, with slight hump at nape, ascending, almost straight prior to dorsal fin, descending almost straight from dorsal-fin origin to just anterior of base of caudal fin, slightly concave at base of caudal fin. Ventral profile of head and body continuous, rounded through pelvic- and anal-fin bases, slightly concave along caudal peduncle. + + +Head short, laterally compressed ( +Fig. 3 +). Eye diameter greater than snout length. Pupil spherical to subelliptical ( +Fig. 3A, B +). Snout rounded to moderately pointed ( +Fig. 3A +) in lateral aspect. Mouth small, subterminal, not reaching vertical through anterior margin of anterior nostril. Lips exposed, smooth, moderately thick; lower lip fold interrupted medially. Lateral fold on snout poorly developed, located along anterior margin of lachrymal. Rostral cap poorly developed ( +Fig. 3B +). Barbels absent. Skin anterior to eye thick, depigmented, opaque ( +Fig. 3B +), visible in dorsal view as a clear, slightly bulbous patch of opaque skin between posterior nostril and orbit ( +Fig. 3C +). Opaque skin overlaying a dense aggregation of connective tissue, closely associated with anterolateral extension of lateral ethmoid and dorsal edge and upper lateral face of the lachrymal (IO1). + + + +Table 1. Morphometric characters of + +Pethia castor + +(10 total, including holotype and 9 paratypes from TCWC 20251.02) and + +P. pollux + +(10 total, including holotype, 3 paratypes from CMK 27070, 2 from CMK 28804, and 4 from TCWC 20250.02). Range values include value obtained from holotype. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +Pethia castor + + + +Pethia pollux + +
+Holotype + +Range + +Mean + +St. Dev. + +Holotype + +Range + +Mean + +St. Dev. +
Standard Length36.933.9–39.4––41.233.0–41.2––
+In percent of the standard length +
Head length26.926.3–28.927.40.727.226.9–30.228.31.1
Body depth34.029.9–34.832.42.134.530.2–34.532.31.7
Predorsal length Prepelvic length50.5 54.150.3–54.2 50.3–54.151.5 51.51.2 1.250.5 50.050.5–54.1 50.0–54.553.0 51.91.1 1.3
Preanal length Caudal peduncle depth77.7 13.372.1–77.7 13.3–15.474.0 14.41.8 0.671.1 14.871.1–75.2 13.6–14.873.3 14.11.3 0.4
Caudal peduncle length17.915.3–21.118.81.721.118.6–21.320.40.9
Dorsal fin length Anal fin length Pectoral fin length26.6 15.8 19.022.3–26.8 14.7–18.0 17.0–22.124.5 16.3 19.42.1 1.0 1.8– 14.6 20.624.4–27.4 13.1–15.6 16.7–21.826.0 14.5 19.81.1 0.8 1.5
Pelvic fin length18.518.8–20.420.41.222.119.4–22.321.20.9
+In percent of head length +Snout length Eye diameter Interorbital width +23 30 3419–25 29–33 34–3821.4 31.1 36.61.8 1.3 1.326 35 3623–28 32–36 32–3925.6 34.5 35.81.7 1.4 1.9
Head width4037–4339.91.94638–4641.12.7
Head depth (occiput)7267–7671.52.57166–7369.12.1
+ + + +Fig. 3. + +Pethia castor +, MHNG + +2785.033, holotype, 36.9 mm SL; +A +, head in lateral view; +B +, close up of snout in lateral view; +C +, head in dorsal and ventral view. + + + + +Fig. 4. CT scanned head skeleton of + +Pethia + +in dorsal (A, D), lateral (B, E), and anterolateral view (C, F). +A–C +, + +P. castor +, TCWC + +20251.01, paratype, 34.7 mm SL; +D–F +, + +P. pollux, +TCWC + +20250.01, paratype, 37.1 mm SL. Circumorbital bones highlighted in green. Abbreviations: IO1–5, infraorbital bones 1–5; So, supraorbital. + + + +Supraorbital well-ossified ( +Fig. 4A +), widest anteriorly, tapering in width posteriorly, firmly attached to posterodorsal part of lateral ethmoid anteriorly. Mesethmoid irregularly shaped, weakly concave at centre ( +Figs. 4A +, +5A +), extended dorsolaterally into poorly ossified flanges of membrane bone. Skull roof complete, without post-epiphyseal fontanelle. Masticatory plate broad, oval in ventral view; centre of plate slightly concave. Pharyngeal process of basioccipital process well-developed, extending beyond imaginary vertical line through centre of compound centrum 2+3. General appearance of neurocranium otherwise similar to that of + +P. ticto + +(see +Katwate et al., 2015 +). Ascending process of premaxilla poorly developed ( +Fig. 6A +), terminating at point anterior to imaginary vertical line through midpoint of kinethmoid with jaws closed. Autopalatine process of maxilla and coronoid process of dentary both well-developed ( +Fig. 6A +). Dorsal margin of angulo-articular elevated posteriorly into triangular process ( +Fig. 6A +), overlapping ventralmost part of ectopterygoid in lateral view. + + + +Fig. 5. CT scanned head skeleton of + +Pethia + +in frontal view. +A +, + +P. castor +, TCWC + +20251.01, paratype, 34.7 mm SL; +B +, + +P. pollux +, TCWC + +20250.01, paratype, 37.1 mm SL. Select bones highlighted, including: mesethmoid (light orange); kinethmoid (blue); maxilla (dark orange); premaxilla (green). + + + +Five infraorbital bones ( +Fig. 4A–C +); lachrymal (IO1) an irregular, shield-shaped bone, pointed dorsally, rounded anteroventrally, with poorly ossified, yet enclosed lateral line canal, with three openings located on bone, and a fourth located at junction between IO1 and IO2; IO2 narrow, with poorly ossified, yet enclosed lateral line canal, with single opening located at middle of bone, an additional pore located at junction between IO2 and IO3; IO3 broad, anterior tip at middle of orbit, anteriorly extending ventrally to middle of cheek, posteriorly extending ventrally to overlap preopercle, with open lateral-line canal; IO4 with poorly ossified, yet enclosed lateral-line canal along anterior part, without pore on bone, single pore located at junction with both IO3 and IO5; IO5 a small ossification composed largely of poorly ossified canal bone, transfers infraorbital canal to otic canal at junction between frontal and pterotic. Supraorbital lateral line canal extending from nasal, through frontal, terminating at junction with otic canal between frontal and pterotic, fully enclosed, with 6 pores, including 2 on nasal, 1 at junction between nasal and frontal, 3 along frontal dorsal to orbit, and 1 at junction between frontal and pterotic; parietal branch of supraorbital canal absent. Preoperculo-mandibular lateral line canal ( +Fig. 6A +) starting on dentary, continuing through anguloarticular, preopercle, and opercle, terminating at junction with otic lateral line canal at centre of pterotic; fully enclosed, excluding open portion along preopercle, with 10 pores, including 3 on dentary, 1 at junction between dentary and anguloarticular, 1 at junction between anguloarticular and preopercle, 3 along preopercle, 1 at junction between preopercle and opercle, and 1 between junction of opercle and pterotic. Anterior (horizontal) part of preoperculo-mandibular lateral line canal on preopercle not fully enclosed; with roof of canal formed by skin. Otic lateral line canal located on pterotic, connecting with trunk lateral line canal via posttemporal and supracleithrum; fully enclosed with three pores, including 1 pore at junction with frontal and IO5, 1 pore at junction with opercle, and 1 pore at junction with posttemporal. Junction between supratemporal lateral line canal and otic lateral line canal located at posterior part of pterotic. Supratemporal lateral line canal with single pore close to origin; supratemporal commissure located along dorsal midline at junction of parietal bones, without pore, without contact to supraoccipital. + + + +Fig. 6. Viscerocranium of + +Pethia castor, +TCWC + +20251.03, paratype, 38.4 mm SL. +A +, hyopalatine arch and opercular series, right side in lateral view (image reversed). Preoperculo-mandibular canal outlined in green. Inset box shows close-up of posterior part of lower jaw in medial view; +B +, dorsal gill arch elements, right side in dorsal view; +C +, ventral gill arch elements in dorsal view; +D +, hyoid bar, right side in lateral view (image reversed) and urohyal in ventral view; +E +, ceratobranchial 5, right side in oblique dorsolateral view and lateral view; +F +, close up of ceratobranchial 5 teeth, right side in dorsal view (image reversed), anterior to bottom of page. Abbreviations: Aa, anguloarticular; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Apa, autopalatine; Bb1–3, basibranchials 1–3; Bb4C, basibranchial 4 cartilage; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb1–5, ceratobranchials 1–5; Cm, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Eb1–4, epibranchial 1–4; Eb5C, epibranchial 5 cartilage; Ectp, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hb1–3, hypobranchials 1–3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; GR, gill raker; K, kinethmoid; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; Pb2–3, pharyngobranchial 2–3; PC, pulp cavity; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement tooth; Sop, subopercle; Sy, symplectic; Uh, urohyal; VHh, ventral hypohyal. + + + + +Fig. 7. Dorsal fin and skeleton of + +Pethia castor + +(A–C) and + +P. pollux + +(D–F). +A +, +B +, CMK 27085, 41.3 mm SL, in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) view; +C +, TCWC 20251.03, paratype, 38.4 mm SL, cleared and stained, inset shows close up of distal tip of last unbranched ray; +D +, +E +, CMK 28804, 35.4 mm SL, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) view; +F +, TCWC 20250.03, paratype, 35.4 mm SL, cleared and stained. White arrow points to black pigmentation at distal tip of last unbranched ray in B and E. + + + +Gill rakers present on gill arches 1–5 ( +Fig. 6C +), with following distribution in 2 C&S specimens: arch 1, anterior row (a) 7–8 (total), 5–6 on ceratobranchial (cb)+1 on epibranchial (eb)+1 at cb/eb junction (cej)/posterior row (p) 12–13, 9–10cb+2eb+1cej; arch 2, a14–16, 10–11cb+3–4eb+1cej/ p17–18, 13–14cb+3–4eb+1cej; arch 3, a15–16, 11–12cb+3– 4eb+1cej/p15–16, 11–12cb+3–4eb+1cej; arch 4, a15–16, 11–12cb+3–4eb+1cej/p12–13cb; arch 5, a13cb. Pharyngeal teeth on ceratobranchial 5 unicuspid ( +Fig. 6C, E, F +), with slightly hooked tips, arranged in three rows, with formula 5,3,2. Epibranchial 1 with expanded, shelf-like process on anterior edge ( +Fig. 6B +). Basihyal a thin rod. Three branchiostegal rays; tip of posteriormost ray expanded, approximately 3–4 times deeper than pointed tip of anterior rays ( +Fig. 6D +). + + +Dorsal-fin rays iii.8.i (1) or iii.9 (1). Anal-fin rays iii.5.i (1) or iii.6 (1). Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9; dorsal procurrent rays 5 (1) or 6 (1), ventral procurrent rays 5 (1) or 6 (1). Pelvic-fin rays i.7.i (1) or i.8 (1). Pectoral-fin rays i.11.ii (1) or i.12 (1). Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to pelvic-fin origin; posterior margin slightly concave. Last unbranched ray almost as long as first branched ray; proximal ⅔ compact, approximately twice as thick as first branched ray, rigid, strongly serrated, with 14–15 pairs of serrae on distal ⅔; apical ⅓ flexible, segmented, without serrae, or with poorly developed serrae on one or two proximal segments ( +Fig. 7C +). Anal-fin origin posterior to vertical through base of posterior dorsal-fin ray; posterior margin slightly concave. Caudal fin deeply emarginate; tip of lobes rounded. Pelvic-fin tip rounded to weakly pointed, adpressed fin reaching to vent. Pectoral-fin tip rounded, adpressed fin reaching one scale row anterior to pelvic-fin origin. + + +Body lateral line incomplete, continuous for 9 (1), 10 (2), 11 (3 +* +), 12 (1), 14 (2) or 16 (1) scales. Lateral line gently curved, lowest point located on 7 +th +or 8 +th +scale. Scales in lateral line scale row 22 (4) or 23 (5 +* +), plus 1 (3) or 2 (4 +* +) on base of caudal fin. Predorsal scales 7 (1) or 8 (10 +* +). Circumpeduncular scales 12 (½/5/½). Scales in transverse row starting at dorsal-fin origin ½4/1/2½. 4–5 well-developed radii on anterior and posterior field of each scale. Pseudotympanum located beneath third and fourth scales in lateral line row ( +Fig. 8A, B +), comprising three openings in hypaxial body musculature; two small, round openings located anterior to 5 +th +rib, larger elongate opening located between 5 +th +and 6 +th +ribs, through which anterior swimbladder chamber is visible. Myosepta anterior to pseudotympanum; musculature associated with 5 +th +and 6 +th +rib more pronounced in male ( +Fig. 8A +) than in female ( +Fig. 8B +). + + + +Fig. 8. Pseudotympanum of + +Pethia castor + +(A, B) and + +P. pollux + +(C, D). +A +, + +P. castor + +, 20251.02, paratype, male, 35.2 mm SL; +B +, + +P. castor +, TCWC + +20251.02, paratype, female, 36.2 mm SL; +C +, + +P. pollux, +TCWC + +20250.02, paratype, male, 35.8 mm SL; +D +, + +P. pollux, +TCWC + +20250.02, paratype, female, 38.2 mm SL. Overlying scales and skin removed. Asterisks ( +* +, +** +, +*** +) indicate openings in body musculature. Abbreviations: AS, anterior swimbladder chamber; EpM, epaxial musculature; HpM, hypaxial musculature; LLN, lateral line nerve; O, operculum; Ri5–6, ribs 5–6. + + +Total number of vertebrae 30, with 16 abdominal+14 caudal. Total number of ribs 12, on vertebrae 5–16. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines of vertebrae 8/9. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted between hemal spines of vertebrae 17/18. Free supraneurals 3, well developed, inserted between neural spines of vertebrae 4/5, 6/7, 8/9. Outer arm of os suspensorium elongate, reaching past imaginary horizontal line through dorsalmost tip of postcleithrum. Six hypurals in caudal skeleton. Free uroneural (second) absent. + +Colouration. +In formalin, about 1 month after fixation ( +Fig. 1A, B +). Body background colour yellowish to light cream. Dorsal half of body (above horizontal septum) light brown, caused by pigmentation on scales (see below). Indistinct blackish-grey horizontal stripe along side of body, in deeper layer dorsal to thin black axial streak along horizontal septum; most distinct along posterior half of body in males. Scales above horizontal septum with dense scattering of light brown melanophores over much of scale pockets; a thin row of light brown melanophores bordering posterior margin of each scale, separated from anterior melanophores by crescentic unpigmented area. Melanophores on scales contributing to weak reticulate pattern on dorsal surface of body. Scales below horizontal septum with little pigment, restricted to sparse scattering of small faint brown melanophores on scale pocket and slightly darker brown melanophores along posterior edge, most obvious on scales covering pseudotympanum and lower part of caudal peduncle after some time in alcohol ( +Figs. 1C, D +, +2A +). Dorsal surface of head and lateral surface of snout with dense scattering of dark brown melanophores ( +Fig. 3 +). Sparse scattering of dark brown melanophores on skin covering upper part of opercle and around ventral margin of orbit ( +Fig. 3 +). Dorsal fin with two black markings on anterior half ( +Fig. 7A, B +), including a larger marking over base of second unbranched to third branched ray and intervening fin membranes, and a smaller marking covering distal, flexible tip of third unbranched ray. Dorsal fin with sparse scattering of light brown melanophores distally, most evident along branched tips of rays. Centre of dorsal fin with a faint triangular canaryyellow marking in specimens after 1 month in formalin ( +Fig. 1A, B +), and possibly also in life; absent in alcohol-preserved specimens in which dorsal fin, other than black markings, is hyaline ( +Fig. 1C, D +). Caudal fin with faint canary yellow in formalin-fixed material, hyaline in alcohol, except for light scattering of light brown melanophores over base of upper- and lowermost principal caudal-fin rays. Pectoral fin hyaline, except for sparse scattering of dark brown to black melanophores over four anteriormost rays; melanophores associated with anteriormost pectoral-fin ray darker than on other rays, creating faint black to dark brown stripe, better developed in males. Pelvic fin and anal fin hyaline. Colour in life not recorded. + + + +Fig. 10. Ayeyarwady River plain. +A +, backwaters of Ayeyarwady River upstream of Hti Chaint (Sagaing Region), habitat of + +Pethia castor + +(CMK 27144); +B +, ponded stream near floodplain lake near Shwegu (Kachin State, Myanmar), habitat of both + +P. castor + +(CMK 28806) and + +P. pollux + +(CMK 27070; type locality). + + + + +Fig. 9. Map of Myanmar showing localities from which specimens of + +Pethia castor + +and + +P. pollux + +were collected. Black circles, + +P. castor + +; white circles, + +P. pollux + +; grey symbols, both species. Triangle represents type locality of + +P. castor +. + +Square represents type locality of +P pollux +. + + + +Sexual dimorphism. +No obvious external sexual dimorphism other than slight dichromatism described above under section on colouration. Minute conical tubercles scattered over dorsal surface of head in +two male +specimens (CMK 27085). Hypaxial musculature surrounding pseudotympanum slightly hypertrophied in male, most obvious in hypaxial myomeres anterior to structure and hypaxial musculature surrounding 5 +th +and 6 +th +rib. Mature females with swollen abdomens; ripe ovaries visible through body side in preserved specimens, light cream in colour. One dissected female with ripe ovary containing ~ +200 eggs +of diameter +0.6–0.8 mm +. + + + + +Distribution. +Known to date only from a few sites in the middle +Ayeyarwady +( +Fig. 9 +), between Bhamo and +Mandalay +. The majority of specimens were collected from the +type +locality, at the mouth of outlet of Indaw Inn into +Ayeyarwady +River. At the time of collection (June–July, beginning of floods) all sampling sites were along edges of floodplain lakes, backwaters and the +Ayeyarwady +proper, with murky water and mud bottom. At three sites, + +P. castor + +and + +P. pollux + +were collected together. The species were not identified in the field and no habitat preference could be noted. At two sites, + +P. castor + +was more abundant ( +Fig. 10A +), and at the third site ( +Fig. 10B +) + +P. pollux + +was more abundant. At the time of collection, this last site was a small ponded stream, separated from a lake, but which floods would soon connect; the stream was flowing from an area shaded by trees and bushes and the water was slightly clearer. This suggests that + +P. pollux + +might prefer clearer water and shade. + + + + +Etymology. +Castor, the mortal twin half-brother of Pollux in Greek mythology, who gave the name of a star of the constellation and astrological sign of Gemini (twins). A noun in apposition. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A2878D6E23CA28FF29FC01B82D4008.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A2878D6E23CA28FF29FC01B82D4008.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..af1c80e0db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A2878D6E23CA28FF29FC01B82D4008.xml @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ + + + +A new species of the world’s smallest cave snail of the genus Angustopila Jochum, Slapnik & Páll-Gergely in Jochum, et al., 2014 (Gastropoda: Hypselostomatidae) from eastern Thailand + + + +Author + +Dumrongrojwattana, Pongrat + + + +Author + +, Sirilan Chuenit + + + +Author + +Wongkamhaeng, + + + +Author + +Koraon + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2021 + +2021-03-15 + + +69 + + +102 +108 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2021-0008 +2345-7600 +13256870 +0EF4EEFD-D463-407A-8168-719354912D8A + + + + + + + +Angustopila +Jochum, Slapnik & Páll-Gergely + +in +Jochum, Slapnik, Kampschulte, Martels, Heneka & + + + + +Páll-Gergely, 2014 + + + + + +Angustopila +Jochum, Slapnik & Páll-Gergely + +in +Jochum et al., 2014 +: Zookeys, 410: 26. + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Systenostoma tamlod +Panha & Burch, 1999 + +, by original designation. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Shell extremely small, conical-shaped; whorls smooth, regular, moderately growing; protoconch recessed slightly into second whorl, sculptured with spiral and radial lines, surface powdery and reticulated; body whorl sometimes continues in profile past penultimate whorl; peristome slightly reflexed; aperture slight or non-adnate, usually one or two denticles. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A2/87/03A2878D6E23CA2EFFCDF9CBBB8B43FE.xml b/data/03/A2/87/03A2878D6E23CA2EFFCDF9CBBB8B43FE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b87af09277f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/87/03A2878D6E23CA2EFFCDF9CBBB8B43FE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,424 @@ + + + +A new species of the world’s smallest cave snail of the genus Angustopila Jochum, Slapnik & Páll-Gergely in Jochum, et al., 2014 (Gastropoda: Hypselostomatidae) from eastern Thailand + + + +Author + +Dumrongrojwattana, Pongrat + + + +Author + +, Sirilan Chuenit + + + +Author + +Wongkamhaeng, + + + +Author + +Koraon + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2021 + +2021-03-15 + + +69 + + +102 +108 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2021-0008 +2345-7600 +13256870 +0EF4EEFD-D463-407A-8168-719354912D8A + + + + + + + +Angustopila pallgergelyi +Dumrongrojwattana, Chuenit & Wongkamhaeng + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 2 +, +3A, B +) + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +. 1 shell ( +ZRCBUU 0699 +), +THAILAND +, +Sa Kaeo Province +, +Klong Haad District +, +Tham Phet Pho Thong +(Cave), an isolated limestone hill; +13°24′49.4″N +102°19′38.0″E +; + +280 m +a.s.l. + +, coll. +S. Chuenit +, + +5 July 2018 + + +. + +Paratypes +. 3 shells ( +ZRCBUU 0700 +) and 2 shells ( +ZRC +.MOL.020945) same collecting data as holotype, coll. +P. Dumrongrojwattana +, + +15 September 2019 + + +; + +7 shells ( +ZRCBUU 0730 +) and 2 shells (THNHM-Iv-17645), same collecting data as holotype, coll. +P. Dumrongrojwattana +, + +12 December 2020 + + +. + + + + +Measurements. +Holotype +. SH = +0.64 mm +, SW = +0.76 mm +, AH = +0.27 mm +, AW = 0.27, SW/SH = 1.19, and AW/AH = 1.01. +Paratypes +. SH = 0.59– +0.71 mm +(0.66± +0.03 mm +), SW = 0.76– +0.82 mm +(1.25± +0.03 mm +), AH = 0.26– +0.31 mm +(0.28± +0.02 mm +), AW = 0.25– +0.31 mm +(0.28± +0.02 mm +), SW/SH = 1.19–1.35 (1.25±0.08), and AW/AH = 0.90–1.08 (0.98±0.06). See +Tables 1 +and +2 +. + + + + + + +Type +locality. + +Thailand +, +Sa Kaeo Province +, +Klong Haad District +, +Tham Phet Pho Thong +(Cave), an isolated limestone hill; +13°24′49.4″N +102°19′38.0″E +; + +280 m +a.s.l. + +(locality no. +10 in +Fig. 1 +) + +. + + + + +Etymology. +This new species is named in honour of Dr.Barna Páll-Gergely, the Hungarian malacologist, in appreciation of his significant contributions to the study of microsnails. + + + + +Description. +Shell minute, lenticular, white, apex blunt, spire lenticular with deep sutures ( +Figs. 2A +, +3A, B +); protoconch about one whorl, surface finely reticulate ( +Fig. 2B, C +); teleoconch 4–4¼ rounded whorls, irregularly spaced growth lines crossed by rows of fine spiral threads forming fine reticulate sculpture ( +Fig. 2D +); aperture broadly kidney-shaped, peristome slightly thickened, slightly expanded, slightly prosocline, detached from the body whorl; apertural teeth well developed, one parietal and one palatal directly opposite ( +Fig. 2E +); umbilicus deep, relatively narrow. + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + +Angustopila pallgergelyi + +is similar to + +A. singuladentis + +by having a white shell, nearly smooth protoconch sculpture, and the teleoconch sculpture having irregular growth lines crossed with fine spiral threads, peristome slightly thickened and slightly expanded. The new species differs from + +A. singuladentis + +in some significant ways. The aperture is kidney-shaped (vs. circular in + +A. singuladentis + +); apertural teeth consist of parietal and palatal teeth (vs. only parietal tooth in + +A. singuladentis + +), and the whorl number ranges from 4–4.5 (vs. +3.5 in + +A. singuladentis + +) ( +Table 3 +). The apertural teeth of + +A. pallgergelyi + +consist of parietal and palatal teeth, and share this characteristic with only + +A. dominikae + +, + +A. huoyani + +, and + +A. tamlod + +. This new species can be distinguished from these three species by having teleoconch sculpture irregular growth lines crossed with fine spiral threads and the umbilicus deep and relatively narrow. In contrast, the other species have spiral threads and narrow umbilicus. + + + + +Fig. 2. Holotype of + +Angustopila pallgergelyi +Dumrongrojwattana, Chuenit & Wongkamhaeng + +, +new species +(ZRCBUU 0699). A, front view with scale; B, C, protoconch; D, teleoconch sculpture; E, apertural teeth. Scale bar = 100 µm. + + + + +Table 2. The average, minimum value (min), a maximum value (max), a standard deviation of a set of values (stdev) for + +Angustopila pallgergelyi + +, +new species +(n = 15). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Specimen + +SH + +SW + +SW +/ +SH + +AH + +AW + +AW +/ +AH +
Min0.590.761.190.260.250.90
Max0.710.851.350.310.311.08
Average0.660.821.250.280.280.98
SD0.030.030.060.020.020.06
+ + + +Ecology. +Living snails live in the dark and moisture zone of caves, gliding on the wall or hidden among coral-like stalactite ( +Fig. 3A, B +). All +type +specimens were collected from soil sampled from the dark zone of Phet Pho Thong Cave, +Sa Kaeo +, approximately 300 metres from the entrance at the +type +locality. We assume that this new species is a cave-dweller, similar to + +A. tamlod + +. + + + + +Distribution. +The new species is only known from the +type +locality. + + + + +Remarks. +All specimens were collected inside the cave in +Sa Kaeo Province +, eastern +Thailand +, about 300 metres from the entrance. Among the previously described species, + +A. dominikae + +was the smallest known land snail ( +Pall-Gergely et al., 2015 +), with the shell height of the +holotype +being +0.86 mm +. + +Angustopila pallgergelyi + +, +new species +, is even smaller (shell height of the +holotype +is +0.64 mm +and shell heights of the +paratypes +0.59–0.71 mm +), and is therefore now the world’s smallest known terrestrial snail ( +Fig. 4 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE5584FC4E09F1FA30.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE5584FC4E09F1FA30.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..580313a7794 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE5584FC4E09F1FA30.xml @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Contusarma +Schubart & Ng, 2020 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Sesarma bocourti +A. +Milne-Edwards, 1869 + +. + + + + +Remarks. +Schubart & Ng (2020) +revised the systematics of mangrove and freshwater species associated with + +Pseudosesarma +Serène & Soh, 1970 + +, and several other East and Southeast Asian genera, and transferred many to new genera. Two distinctive species often found in back mangroves and peat swamps were referred to + +Contusarma + +. The most distinctive feature of members of this genus is the flattened outer surfaces of the chelae in both sexes. This feature is distinct in adults but still discernible in subadults. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE5589FEC40A5AFC10.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE5589FEC40A5AFC10.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6785700583e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE5589FEC40A5AFC10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Geosesarma gracillimum +(De +Man, 1902 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Sesarma +( +Sesarma +) +ocypoda +var. +gracillima +De +Man, 1902: 522 + + +, pl. 19, fig. 9. + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 male +( +NHM + +1895.7.2 + +. 33), +Baram +, +Borneo +, coll. +C. Hose +, + +January 1895 + + +; + +3 males +, +2 females +( +NHM +1895.7.2.37–38), +Baram +, +Boneo +, coll. +C. Hose + +, +2 females +, +January 1895 +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Geosesarma gracillimum + +was described from the Baram River by De +Man (1902) +, originally as a variety of + +G. ocypodum +( +Nobili, 1900 +) + +( +type +locality: +Sumatra +). +Holthuis (1979) +partially redescribed it from material from Gunung Mulu, with +Ng (1995b) +adding more notes. Ng (2015) subsequently described it in more detail in his treatment of Bornean + +Geosesarma +species. + +The present material can be considered topotypic. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE55CAFA0E093EF8D3.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE55CAFA0E093EF8D3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0e1ad596c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE55CAFA0E093EF8D3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Contusarma cheirogonum +( +Targioni Tozzetti, 1877 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Sesarma cheirogona +Targioni Tozzetti, 1877: 141 + + +, pl. 9, fig. 2a–g. + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 subadult +female ( +NHM +1895.7.2.36), +Baram +, +Borneo +, coll. +C. Hose +, + +February 1896 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. +This specimen is a young female but agrees with this species as defined by +Schubart & Ng (2020) +. The species was described from +Sarawak +( +Targioni Tozzetti, 1877 +) but is known from southern +Malaysia +to northern Borneo ( +Schubart & Ng, 2020 +). + +Contusarma cheirogonum + +has been known to occur some distance inland, including peat and freshwater swamps (cf. +Ng, 1995a +; +Yeo et al., 1999 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE55E9F80A0E2BFE2A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE55E9F80A0E2BFE2A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..28c7c64780d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE55E9F80A0E2BFE2A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Fasciarma +Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017 + + + + + + + + +Type +species + +. + +Sesarma fasciata +Lanchester, 1900 + +. + + + + +Remarks. +Shahdadi & Schubart (2017) +and +Shahdadi et al. (2020) +revised species which have long been assigned to + +Parasesarma +De +Man, 1895 + +, or + +Perisesarma +De +Man, 1895 + +, referring various taxa to new genera. One species common in Peninsular +Malaysia +and Bornean mangroves, + +Sesarma fasciata +Lanchester, 1900 + +, was placed in a new monotypic genus, + +Fasciarma +Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017 + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE56C6FE040F59FA10.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE56C6FE040F59FA10.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..70228bc5e37 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF8AFFCE56C6FE040F59FA10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Fasciarma fasciatum +( +Lanchester, 1900 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Sesarma fasciata +Lanchester, 1900: 758 + + +, pl. 47, fig. 12. + + + + + + +Sesarma +( +Chiromantes +) +siamense +Rathbun, 1909: 109 + + +. + + + + + +Material examined. +1 ovig. female, +Siam +( +NHM +2022.155), coll. Capt. S.S. Flower. + + + +ZRC +material – +6 males +, +7 females +( +ZRC 2012.368 +), +Kranji Nature Trail +, northern +Singapore +, coll. +P.K.L. Ng +, + +16 November 2011 + + +; + +3 males +, +4 females +( +ZRC 1999.0568 +), +Pandan Besar +, +Bako National Park +, +Sarawak +, +Malaysia +, coll. +P.K.L. Ng +et al., + +28 June 1994 + + +; + +1 male +, +1 female +( +ZRC 2020.0367 +), +Tanjung Delima +, +Bako National Park +, +Sarawak +, +Malaysia +, coll. +P.K.L. Ng +et al., + +30 June 1994 + + +; + +4 males +, +3 females +( +ZRC 2000.1667 +), estuary near +University +of +Sabah +, +Kota Kinabalu +, +Sabah +, +Malaysia +, coll. +P.K.L. Ng +& +C.D. Schubart +, + +22 June 2000 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. +The NHM female agrees well with what has been redescribed by +Shahdadi & Schubart (2017) +. Smaller adult specimens tend to have the carapace relatively slightly wider and the lateral teeth more pronounced (e.g., ZRC 1999.0568), as is the case for the present specimen in NHM. + + + +Fasciarma fasciatum + +, common in back mangroves, was described from +Singapore +but has since been reported from Peninsular +Malaysia +, eastern +Thailand +, northern Borneo (Labuan), southern +China +and +Hong Kong +(cf., +Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017: 541 +). As discussed under the remarks for + +Sayamia + +(see above), the provenance of the present specimen is uncertain and its supposed origins, +Thailand +, must be treated with doubt. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF90FFD455AAFC840F59FAEA.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF90FFD455AAFC840F59FAEA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..152e79cbf6c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF90FFD455AAFC840F59FAEA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Isolapotamon buntyae + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 4 +, +5 +, +6E–H +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: male (43.6 × +32.7 mm +) ( +NHM 2022.170 +), “Ulu Dusun, North Borneo”, +Sabah +, +Malaysia +, coll. +J. Kidman-Cox +, + +1 August 1972 + +, presented by Reptile Section. + + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace wider than long, relatively high, dorsal surface of carapace convex; epigastric cristae rugose, not sharp, anterior of postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae sharp, sloping posteriorly from front; median lobe of posterior margin of epistome acutely triangular ( +Fig. 4A–C +). P2–P5 merus relatively long, dactylus of P5 long. Press-button of male pleonal locking mechanism on median part of sternite 5 ( +Fig. 5A +). Male pleon distinctly triangular ( +Fig. 5F, G +). G1 gently sinuous; subterminal segment relatively long, with basal part broad, forming subrectangular structure, distal part slender; terminal segment strongly sinuous, curved, distal part bifurcated, subdistal projection as long as distal projection, lobiform with rounded tip, laterally flattened ( +Figs. 5B–E +, +6E–G +). Female unknown. + + +Females and variation. +Only known from the +holotype +male. + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named after Alice +Georgie +Cruickshank “Bunty” Grandison, a well-respected, pioneering female herpetologist and museum curator (see information on collectors). + + + + +Remarks. +The bifurcated distal part of the G1 of + +I +. +buntyae + +, +new species +, is diagnostic and places this species in a group with four other species sharing this character: + +I +. +griswoldi + +(Mount Kinabalu, Sabah), + +I +. +collinsi + +(Gunung Mulu and +Brunei +), + +I +. +nimboni + +(southern and central +Sarawak +), and + +I +. +grusophallus + +(southern +Sarawak +). Although +Ng & SH Tan (1998) +recognised + +I +. +stuebingi +Ng, 1995b + +, as a distinct species, it has been subsequently shown that the +holotype +is just a subadult specimen of + +I +. +nimboni + +and the two names are now regarded as synonyms (cf. +Ng, 2004: 324 +; +Ng et al., 2008: 163 +). + + +The G1 subdistal process of + +I +. +grusophallus + +is the most distinctive, being prominently elongate and more than twice the length of the distal part (cf. +Ng & Yang, 1986 +: fig. 1H–K; +Ng, 1987b +: fig. 3G, H; +Ng & SH Tan, 1998 +: fig. 6A–D; Grinang et al., 2014: fig. 5A, B, D, E, H–K, M–P, R–T). The G1 of + +I. griswoldi + +is the shortest proportionately among all the members of this group of species, with the subdistal process short and almost rounded in appearance ( +Chace, 1938 +: pl. 1f–h; +Bott, 1969 +: fig. 2; +Bott, 1970 +: pl. 41, fig. 78; +Ng & SH Tan, 1998 +: fig. 5M–P). The general features of the G1 of + +I. buntyae + +most closely resemble those of + +I. collinsi + +and + +I. nimboni + +. Compared to + +I. buntyae + +, the G1 terminal article of + +I. collinsi + +is gently sinuous and the subdistal process is subcylindrical in shape and distinctly longer than the distal process and positioned at a right angle with respect to the main stem of the terminal article ( +Fig. 7D, E, F, G, I, J, K, L +; +Holthuis, 1979 +: fig. 4b; +Ng, 1987b +: fig. 3F; +Ng & SH Tan, 1998 +: fig. 5A–D (vs. terminal article strongly sinuous with the subdistal process laterally flattened and slightly longer than the distal process in + +I. buntyae + +; +Figs. 5B–E +, +6E–G +). In + +I. nimboni + +, the G1 terminal segment is similar to that of + +I. collinsi + +, being gently sinuous to almost straight but the subdistal process is conical in shape, subequal to the distal process in length and positioned at a more acute angle ( +Ng, 1987b +: fig. 2H–J; +Ng & SH Tan, 1998 +: fig. 10I–L). + + +Ng & Goh (1987: 328 +, pl. 3C, D) reported a female specimen from near Gomantong in eastern +Sabah +which could not be identified to the species level. This site is some +42 km +to the southeast of Ulu Dusun. From the general appearance of the carapace (notably the relatively flatter carapace) and the broader median lobe on the posterior margin of the epistome, however, it is unlikely that the Gomantong specimen is conspecific with + +I. buntyae + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF90FFD456DCFA640FF7F94A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF90FFD456DCFA640FF7F94A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2b2939d5cd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF90FFD456DCFA640FF7F94A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Lepidothelphusa +Colosi, 1920 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Potamon +( +Geotelphusa +) +cognettii +Nobili, 1903 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Lepidothelphusa + +was long believed to be represented by only one species, + +L. cognettii + +, described from Mount Penrissen in southern +Sarawak +( +Nobili, 1903a +; +Colosi, 1920 +). +Grinang & Ng (2015a) +revised the genus and described five new species from +Sarawak +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55452FC0A0808FA34.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55452FC0A0808FA34.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..624b3ff9636 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55452FC0A0808FA34.xml @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Terrathelphusa +Ng, 1989 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Geothelphusa kuhli +De +Man, 1883 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Terrathelphusa + +was established for several terrestrial species from Java and Borneo which had been assigned to + +Perbrinckia +Bott, 1969 + +(cf. +Ng, 1989 +). The diversity of the genus in Borneo is high and nine species have been described from +Sarawak +, +Sabah +and +Brunei +in recent years ( +Ng, 1997 +; +Ng & LWH Tan, 2015 +; +Grinang & Ng, 2015b +). Unfortunately, male characters, especially the G1 structure, are important for accurate species delineations in this genus. The absence of adult males and a precise provenance for the present specimens makes the determination of the following specimens provisional at best. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55460FA0A094BF874.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55460FA0A094BF874.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..859cb0dff2d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55460FA0A094BF874.xml @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Terrathelphusa ovis +Ng, 1997 + + + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 female +, +Baram River +, +Sarawak +, +Borneo +( +NHM +1898.10.25.12), coll. +C. Hose +, no date + +. + + + + +Remarks. +Specimens from +Sarawak +and Gunung Mulu National Park which is just east of the Baram River have been identified as + +Perbrinckia loxophthalma +(De +Man, 1892 +) + +by +Bott (1970) +, +Holthuis (1979) +, and +Ng (1989) +. +Ng (1997) +re-examined the +holotype +of + +Geothelphusa loxophthalma + +and showed that its G1 structure was different from that of specimens from Gunung Mulu in northern +Sarawak +and referred the latter to a new species, + +Terrathelphusa ovis + +. The real + +T. loxophthalma + +was almost certainly collected from southeastern Borneo (cf. +Holthuis, 1979 +; +Ng, 1997 +). On the basis of the location where the present specimen was collected, it is likely to belong to + +T. ovis + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55694FA6A0FA7F8B4.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55694FA6A0FA7F8B4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bc2d5b0e0a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD55694FA6A0FA7F8B4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Thelphusula +Bott, 1969 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Potamon +( +Geothelphusa +) +buergeri +De +Man, 1899 + +. + + + + +Remarks. +There are 12 recognised species in this Bornean genus ( +Ng et al., 2008 +; Grinang & Ng, 2014; +Ng & PYC Ng, 2018 +); all characterised by their distinctly T-shaped male pleons, elongate and demarcated G1 terminal segments, and short G2s (cf. +Tan & Ng, 1998 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD556CFFC8B0EB5FA34.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD556CFFC8B0EB5FA34.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e8cbb1a5f2a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF91FFD556CFFC8B0EB5FA34.xml @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Terrathelphusa kuchingensis +( +Nobili, 1901 +) + + + + + + + +Material examined. + +2 females +( +NHM +1911.2.28.4–5), Upper +Sarawak +, +Borneo +, coll. +CJ +. +Brooks +, purchased from +W. Gerrard + +. + + + + +Remarks. +It is uncertain where in “upper +Sarawak +” C.J. Brooks collected his specimens from, but its possibly from the upper stretches of the +Sarawak +River. Brooks obtained many specimens from and around Kuching and southern +Sarawak +, so it is difficult to narrow where the present ones were obtained. Five species of + +Terrathelphusa + +are known from southern +Sarawak +( +Grinang & Ng, 2015b +), and all share relatively similar carapace shapes. In the +Sarawak +Museum in Kuching, there are two large females collected by C.J. Brooks from Bidi, Bau, +Sarawak +, which were referred to + +T. kuchingensis +( +Nobili, 1901 +) + +by +Grinang & Ng, 2015b: 340 +), and the present specimens may have been from that lot. We therefore provisionally refer them to this species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD05455FB0909F1FA7A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD05455FB0909F1FA7A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..971c1b4fad0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD05455FB0909F1FA7A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Perithelphusa lehi +Ng, 1986 + + + + + + + + +Perithelphusa lehi +Ng, 1986: 291 + +, fig. 1, pls. 15, 16. + + + + +Material examined. + +1 male +, +3 females +( +NHM 2022.161 +– +164 +), +Mount Matang +, +Sarawak +, Borneo, coll. +July +, no other data + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Perithelphusa lehi + +was described by +Ng (1986a) +from Gunung Matang, and is only known from this locality. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD055A7FE040BC3FD2A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD055A7FE040BC3FD2A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..560858193e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD055A7FE040BC3FD2A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Perithelphusa +De +Man, 1899 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Potamon borneense +von +Martens, 1868 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Perithelphusa + +is exclusively Bornean in composition, with four known species ( +Bott, 1970 +; +Ng, 1986a +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD055E7F9B409F1F83A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD055E7F9B409F1F83A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..00dd26c22d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD055E7F9B409F1F83A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Parathelphusa +H. +Milne Edwards, 1853 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Parathelphusa tridentata +H. +Milne Edwards, 1853 + +. + + + + +Remarks. +This large genus of 49 recognised species ( +Ng et al., 2008 +, 2016; Ng, 2014; +De Grave et al., 2022 +) is recorded from southern +Thailand +to Sumatra, Peninsular +Malaysia +, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, as well as +Palawan +and some adjacent islands in the +Philippines +. Borneo is not the centre of distribution with just 10 species, but is believed to be the origin of the remaining taxa (cf. +Klaus et al., 2013 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD056D3FCC40F07FA6D.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD056D3FCC40F07FA6D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c70f88f10f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD056D3FCC40F07FA6D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Parathelphusa valida +Ng & Goh, 1987 + + + + + + + + + + +Parathelphusa valida +Ng & Goh, 1987: 317 + + +, fig. 1, pls. 1, 2. + + + + + +Material examined. + +North Borneo +. +1 female +( +NHM +1897.6.28.4), +Sandakan +, coll. +D. Cator + +; + +1 male +( +NHM +1893.3.26.21), +Marabah +, +Kinabatangan area +, coll. +A. Everett +, + +December 1892 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Parathelphusa valida + +, while superficially similar to + +P. pulcherrima + +, can be distinguished, when viewed frontally, by its more inflated and convex carapace and the more slender and sharply tapered G1 terminal segment which has a small opening at the tip (vs. G1 opening dilated and open in + +P. pulcherrima + +; +Ng & Goh, 1987: 317 +). In addition, + +P. valida + +occurs in what is today eastern +Sabah +where the present collecting localities are located. The +type +locality of + +P. pulcherrima + +is along the Sarawak-Brunei border some +450 km +to the west. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD056D5F9A30FA5F8CD.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD056D5F9A30FA5F8CD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4050b37a2ec --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD056D5F9A30FA5F8CD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Borneosa +Ng & Grinang, 2022 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Sundathelphusa tenebrosa +Holthuis, 1979 + +. + + + + +Remarks. +Ng & Grinang (2022) +revised the Bornean species previously referred to + +Sundathelphusa +Bott, 1969 + +, and assigned them to a new genus, + +Borneosa + +, which they defined by a suite of carapace, male thoracic sternal and G1 characters. Seven species were recognised, with four being new. + +Sundathelphusa + +is now restricted to +Sulawesi +, the +Moluccas +, and the +Philippines +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD156DCF8230982FE6A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD156DCF8230982FE6A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..16730c85578 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF94FFD156DCF8230982FE6A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Borneosa tenebrosa +( +Holthuis, 1979 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Sundathelphusa tenebrosa + +Holthuis, 1979: 39 + + + +, text-fig. 8, pl. 7. +Material examined. +Sarawak +, Borneo. +1 male +(NHM 1898.10.25.11), +Baram River +, coll. +C. Hose +, + +purch. from +W. Gerrard +; +1 juv. +female ( +NHM 2022.911 +), +Deer Cave +, Gunung Mulu, coll. +J. Cramphorn +, + +18 December 1977 + + +. + + + + + +Remarks. + +Borneosa tenebrosa + +was described from Gunung Mulu National Park and has subsequently been reported from nearby areas ( +Holthuis, 1979 +; +Grinang & Nyanti, 2007 +; +McFarlane et al., 2011 +; +Ng & Grinang, 2022 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD15451FDA40ACEFCCA.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD15451FDA40ACEFCCA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5be37d097a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD15451FDA40ACEFCCA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Sayamia +Naiyanetr, 1994 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Somanniathelphusa bangkokensis +Naiyanetr, 1982 + +. + + + + +Remarks. +Naiyanetr (1994) +established + +Sayamia + +for several large gecarcinucid species which had previously been placed in + +Somanniathelphusa +Bott, 1968 + +. Five species are currently recognised in + +Sayamia + +, and the genus has a wide distribution in +Thailand +, Indochina, southern +Thailand +and northern Peninsular +Malaysia +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD15680FD6408FFFB2A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD15680FD6408FFFB2A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8e66d38561c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD15680FD6408FFFB2A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Geosesarma +De +Man, 1892 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Sesarma +( +Geosesarma +) +nodulifera +De +Man, 1892 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Geosesarma + +is a speciose genus with 68 species from +Thailand +, Peninsular +Malaysia +, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Indonesian Papua, +Papua New Guinea +, +Philippines +and +Taiwan +( +Ng et al., 2008 +, 2015; +Schubart & Ng, 2014 +; Ng, 2015, 2017, 2021; +Manuel-Santos et al., 2016 +; +Ng & Grinang, 2018 +; PYC +Ng & Ng, 2019 +; +Ng & Wowor, 2019 +; +Shy & Ng, 2019 +; +Naruse & Ng, 2020 +). Of these, 12 are known from Borneo (Ng, 2015; +Ng & Grinang, 2018 +; PYC +Ng & Ng, 2019 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD156DAFB040F3BF90D.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD156DAFB040F3BF90D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..38fb4092cfa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF95FFD156DAFB040F3BF90D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Geosesarma penangense +( +Tweedie, 1940 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Sesarma penangense +Tweedie, 1940: 106 + + +, text-fig. 10, pl. 24, fig. 4. + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 male +, +1 female +, 1 ovig. female ( +NHM +ex. + +1898.11.28 + +now 2022.912–914), + +610 m +asl + +, +Penang +, Peninsular +Malaysia +, coll. +Capt. S.S. Flower +, + +March 1896 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. +The species was first described from Penang Hill ( +Tweedie, 1940 +) and has since then been reported and redescribed by +Ng (1988) +. + +Geosesarma penangense + +is superficially similar to + +G. peraccae +( +Nobili, 1903b +) + +from +Singapore +, but it has the dorsal surface of the carapace relatively smoother and the chitinous distal part of the G1 is shorter, more strongly spatulate and curved ( +Ng, 1988: 120 +, 130, fig. 58D, E). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9CFFD455BBFA670A29FCAA.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9CFFD455BBFA670A29FCAA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0a450b0899c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9CFFD455BBFA670A29FCAA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,414 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Isolapotamon feeae + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 2 +, +3 +, +6A–D +) + + + + +Material examined. +Sarawak +, Borneo, + +Malaysia +. +Holotype +: male (45.0 × +34.2 mm +) ( +NHM +1898.10.25.15), +Baram River +, coll. +C. Hose. +Paratypes + +: +1 male +(36.2 × +25.9 mm +), + +3 females +(49.3 × +36.7 mm +, 44.3 × +34.2 mm +, 38.2 × +28.7 mm +) ( +NHM + +1898.10.25 + +. 16), same data as holotype + +; + +1 juv. +( +NHM +1895.7.2.34), +Baram +, coll. +C. Hose +, + +January 1895 + + +. + + +Comparative material. + +Isolapotamon collinsi + + +Holthuis, 1979: +2 + + + +males (larger 44.4 × +34.8 mm +), +1 female +( +ZRC 1997.0792 +), around +Kuala Belalong Field Centre +, +Brunei +, coll. +S. Choy +, + +8–9 February 1991 + +; + +1 male +, +3 juveniles +( +ZRC 1997.0793 +), +Temburong +, +Sungai Belalong +, +Kuala Belalong Field Centre +, +Brunei +, coll. +K. Lim +et al., + +14–17 June 1995 + + +; + +6 males +(largest 51.1 × +39.2 mm +), +2 females +( +ZRC 2008.0539 +), just downstream of +Kuala Belalong Field Centre +, +Sungai Mata Ikan +, +Belalong Basin +, +Temburong district +, +Brunei +, +4º32′50.4″N +115º09′27.6″E +, coll. +H. H. Tan +, + +6–9 October 2001 + + +. + + +Isolapotamon borneense + +Ng & SH Tan, 1998: +6 + + +males, +4 juveniles +( +ZRC 2022.0781 +), station THH02-33, +Arur Dalan +, +Sungai Arur Dalan +, +Bario Plateau +, +Baram Basin +, Sarawak, +03º45′32.1″N +115º26′28.0″E +, +Malaysia +, + +1110 m + +, coll. +H. H. Tan +& +I. Das +, + +17 June 2002 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace wider than long, relatively low, dorsal surface of carapace gently convex to almost flat; epigastric cristae sharp, just anterior of postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae sharp, subparallel to front; median lobe of posterior margin of epistome acutely triangular ( +Fig. 2A–C +). P2– P5 merus relatively long, dactylus of P5 long ( +Figs. 2A +, +3I +). Press-button of male pleonal locking mechanism on submedian part of sternite 5 ( +Fig. 3A +). Male pleon subtriangular ( +Fig. 2F, G +). G1 sinuous; subterminal segment relatively long, with basal part broad, forming subrectangular structure, distal part slender; terminal segment strongly sinuous, curved, terminal segment strongly curved, sinuous, distal part relatively elongate, lobiform, curved about 90 +° +from immediately preceding subdistal part, with distal margin distinctly sinuous, tip rounded ( +Figs. 3D–G +, +6A–C +). + + + +Fig. 2. + +Isolapotamon feeae + +, +new species +, holotype male (45.0 × 34.2 mm) (NHM 98.10.25.15/10), Baram River. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, chelae; E, left third maxilliped; F, pleon; G, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. + + + + +Fig. 3. + +Isolapotamon feeae + +, +new species +. A, D–I, holotype male (45.0 × 34.2 mm) (NHM 98.10.25.15/10), Baram River; B, C, paratype female (49.3 × 36.7 mm) (NHM 98.10.25.15/10), Baram River. A, sternopleonal cavity and gonopods in situ; B, female pleon; C, female sternopleonal cavity and vulvae; D, left G1 (ventral view); E, left G1 (dorsal view); F, distal part of left G1 (ventral view); G, distal part of left G1 (ventral view); H, left G2; I, right P5 merus. D, E, H; F, G, to same scale. + + + +Females and variation. +The smaller males of this species in which the gonopods are developed are almost identical to the +holotype +male, with the G1 structure agreeing in structure. The females agree with the males in all nonsexual characters except that their chelipeds are relatively more slender. The female pleon is ovate and covers most of the thoracic sternum and the telson is almost semicircular ( +Fig. 3B +). The vulvae are large, occupying more than half width of sternite 6, with the anterior margin pushing into the suture between sternites 5 and 6, and the posterior margin possessing a low ridge ( +Fig. 3C +). + + + + +Fig. 4. + +Isolapotamon buntyae + +, +new species +, holotype male (43.6 × 32.7 mm) (NHM 2022.170), Ulu Dusun. A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view of carapace; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, chelae; E, left third maxilliped; F, pleon; G, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. + + + + +Etymology. +This new species is named for Félice “Fee” Vera Slade whose “enthusiasm, energy and keen eyesight during fieldwork” is recognised here (see information on collectors). + + + + +Remarks. +Two + +Isolapotamon +species + +are known from and around Baram; + +I. collinsi +Holthuis, 1979 + +(from Gunung Mulu National Park and +Brunei +) and + +I. borneense +Ng & SH Tan, 1998 + +(from upper Baram) (cf. +Holthuis, 1979 +; +Ng & SH Tan, 1998 +; Grinang et al., 2014). + +Isolapotamon borneense + +was described from an unknown site in +Sarawak +, but Grinang et al. (2014) confirmed that the species was from the Pulong Tai National Park area on the eastern drainage of the Baram River. The locality data for the new species, + +I. feeae + +, +new species +, is not detailed, but as it is a different species, it was likely to have been collected from the western catchment of the Baram River which drains from a different mountain range. More collections in that area will need to be made to confirm this supposition. + + +Not unexpectedly, the species closest to + +I. feeae + +, +new species +, is + +I. borneense + +, which occurs in the eastern drainage of Baram River (Grinang et al., 2014). The G1 of + +I. feeae + +, however, differs markedly from that of + +I. borneense + +in having the G1 subterminal segment proportionately longer, the terminal segment more strongly curved and sinuous, and the distal part of the terminal segment more elongate with the distal margin distinctly sinuous ( +Figs. 3D–G +, +6A–C +) (cf. +Ng & SH Tan, 1998 +: fig. 1M–P; Grinang et al., 2014: figs. 3A–D, E, G–I, J, L–M). Noteworthy is that the carapace of + +I. feeae + +is distinctly wider proportionately; +Fig. 2A, B +(vs. carapace more quadrate in + +I. borneense + +; Grinang et al., 2014: fig. 2A–C), and the P2–P5 meri are distinctly longer; +Fig. 4I +(vs. meri are distinctly shorter in + +I. borneense + +; Grinang et al., 2014: fig. 2F). + + +One small juvenile specimen (NHM 1895.7.2.34) from Baram is referred to this species only because it was collected from the +type +locality. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9EFFDA545BFA2409F1F92A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9EFFDA545BFA2409F1F92A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7a03a4d0c02 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9EFFDA545BFA2409F1F92A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Stoliczia +Bott, 1966 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Telphusa stoliczkana +Wood-Mason, 1871 + +. + + + + +Remarks. +Sixteen species of + +Stoliczia + +are known from southern +Thailand +and Peninsular +Malaysia +( +Ng et al., 2008 +; +Ng & Schubart, 2014 +). This genus is characterised by the absence of a flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9EFFDB5585F9040A70FE2A.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9EFFDB5585F9040A70FE2A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..48c9d867380 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9EFFDB5585F9040A70FE2A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Stoliczia stoliczkana +( +Wood-Mason, 1871 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Potamiscus +( +Stoliczia +) +stoliczkana +Wood-Mason, 1871: 199 + + +, pl. 12, figs. 8–12. + + + + + +Material examined. + +Penang +: +1 male +( +NHM +1897.1.27.9), + +610 m +asl + +, coll. +Capt. S.S. Flower +, + +27 November 1896 + + +; + +2 males +, +1 juv. +( +NHM + +1898.11.28 + +), + +610 m +asl + +, coll. +Capt. S.S. Flower +, + +March 1898 + + +; +1 juv. +(ex. NHM +1898.11.28 +, now 2022.157), +610 m +asl, coll. Capt. S.S. Flower, +March 1896 +. +ZRC +material – + +Penang +: +1 male +, +2 females +, +1 juv. +( +ZRC 1990.11565 +– +11568 +), +Botanic Gardens +, coll. +P.K.L. Ng +, + +June 1987 + + +; + +1 male +( +ZRC 1989.2013 +), +Titikarawang Waterfall +, coll. +P.K.L. Ng +, + +June 1987 + + +; + +1 male +( +ZRC 2017.0061 +), +Titikarawang Waterfall +, coll. +P.K.L. Ng +, + +21 December 2016 + + +; + +1 juv. +male ( +ZRC 1994.1262 +), +Telok Bahang forest +stream, coll. +K.K.P. Lim +, + +18 August 1993 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. +Some additional comments on the bottle of specimens associated with NHM registration number “ +1898.11.28 +” are necessary. The outside jar label actually only provides the following information in ink: “1898.11, Penang, S.S. Flower Esq” and is headed in pencil by “ + +Potamon + +”. This documentation is in the handwriting of curator Jeffrey Bell (see +Ingle, 1991 +). In the Zoological Accessions, Crustacea Register, there is, however, no entry for just “1898.11”. Instead, it appears to be “ +1898.11.28 +”, a registration number that is repeated, once in black ink and below in red. The entry associated with this is confusing, because it states “1–4, + +Anchistes inermis + +(in + +Pinna + +), Kosichang, Gulf of +Siam +, Pres Capt. S.S. Flower.” This too is in the handwriting of curator Jeffrey Bell and the locality is different than that on the jar. Inserted after this in black ink is “(L.A. Borradaile det 1/15)”, followed in red ink by, “Bottle found with incomplete Reg. No. as given in red WTC (William Thomas Calman) 21.1.15.” Above + +“ +inermis + +” is an arrow followed by, “= +custus +Forsk.” This suggests that Calman had a problem finding this specimen of + +Anchistus inermis + +(Miers, 1884; probably under + +Harpilius + +) for Borradaile to examine on a Museum visit dated +21 January 1915 +, when the identification of the specimen was redetermined as “ +Anchistes custus +Forskål, 1775” while Borradaile was working on his Pontoniidae revision ( +Borradaile, 1898 +). The registration number on this jar label is 1898.11.28.1–4 and +four specimens +are preserved. There is also another indication arising from (L.A. Borradaile det 1/15), “ + +Metapenaeus + +n. sp. +Redet. Burkenroad 1938”, but no trace of this taxon has to date been found. Also, squeezed in above +Anchistes +is, “1 + +Upogebia +See + +1977.178.” In the Zoological Accessions, Crustacea Register, the entry for accessions number 1977.178 reads, “ + +Upogebia carinicauda +(Stimpson) + +, Kosichang, Gulf of +Siam +, coll. + pres. S.S. Flower, det. N. Ngoc-Ho”. These data sets suggest the original marine and freshwater crustacean specimens collected by Flower were not well labelled or were mixed up by later workers. + + +Moreover, while the external label on the bottle says “1898.11, +Penang +, S.S. Flower Esq”, there is a field note inside the jar that on one side is written “7 crabs” and on the other side “ +PENANG +. 2000’ +March 1898 +. S.S. Flower.” There were four crab specimens inside, which are presently identified as + +Stoliczia stoliczkana + +. This species was described by +Wood-Mason (1871) +from +Penang +and is now regarded as an endemic species on the island occurring in many fast-flowing forest and hill streams (see +Ng, 1988 +, 1992). The + +S +. +stoliczkana + +species-group has been revised by Ng (1992). There is one small juvenile specimen (ex. NHM +1898.11.28 +, now re-registered as NHM 2022.157) collected by Capt. S.S. Flower, which was difficult to identify with certainty. It, however, agrees well with many smaller ZRC specimens from various +Penang +sites that were examined for this study. Furthermore, this is the only known + +Stoliczia +species + +on +Penang +. The absence of a flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped is a character present even in small + +S. stoliczkana + +specimens. The other three of the seven crabs inside the bottle collected by S.S. Flower from +Penang +in +March 1898 +are presently referred to + +Geosesarma penangense +(Nobili, 1903) + +and are now re-registered as NHM 2022.912–914. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5461FE040BFDFC10.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5461FE040BFDFC10.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1413d98b47f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5461FE040BFDFC10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Stoliczia rafflesi +( +Roux, 1936 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Potamon +( +Potamiscus +) +rafflesi +Roux, 1936: 33 + + +, text-figs. 3, 5, pl. 13, figs. 3, 4. + + + + + +Material examined. + +2 males +, +3 females +( +NHM +1906.2.27.3– 6), Peninsular +Malaysia +: +Pahang +: Gunung Tahan, coll. +Gunong Tahan Expedition +, + +May–September 1905 + + +). + + + + +Remarks. +Roux (1936) +described this species from Gunung Tahan in +Pahang +, the highest mountain on Peninsular +Malaysia +. +Ng (1988: 76) +clarified that material reported to be this species from a nearby peak, Gunung Padang in +Terengganu +by +Bott (1966 +, +1970 +), belonged to a separate species and named it + +S. changmanae +( +Ng, 1988 +) + +(see also +Ng, 1991 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5464FB4F0E24FEEA.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5464FB4F0E24FEEA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..84af1533db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5464FB4F0E24FEEA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Johora gapensis +( +Bott, 1966 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Potamiscus +( +Johora +) +johorensis gapensis +Bott, 1966: 494 + + +, text-fig. 31, pl. 21, fig. 14. + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 female +( +NHM 2022.166 +), +Camp +2, +3º51′30″ N +102º10′30″ E +, + +488 m +asl + +, +Gunung Benom +, +Pahang +, +Peninsular +Malaysia +, coll. +A.G.C. Grandison +& F. +V +. +Slade +, +British Museum +/ +University +of +Malaysia +Expedition +( + +February–April 1967 + +), + +12 March 1967 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Johora gapensis + +is morphologically close to + +J +. +intermedia +Ng, 1986 + +, and the distributions for both species often overlap, especially at higher altitudes. At altitudes above +1000 m +asl, only + +J +. +gapensis + +usually occurs (see +Ng, 1987a +, +1988 +, 2020). The most reliable diagnostic character is the structure of the G1 terminal segment, which in + +J +. +gapensis + +is elongate and sickle-shaped ( +Ng, 1987a +: fig. 2I, J) (vs. G1 shorter and more gently curved in + +J +. +intermedia + +; +Ng, 1987a +: figs. 3, 4). The present specimen is a female so its species identity cannot be determined with certainty, but based on its presence in high altitudes, relatively small size (carapace width about +10 mm +or less) and the fact that its already mature, suggests its more likely to be + +J +. +gapensis + +(see + +Ng, 1987 +a + +, 2020). + + +Bott (1966) +consistently spelled the specific name as + +“ +gapensis + +” in his original paper, but in his book ( +Bott, 1970 +) he changed the spelling to “ +gapiensis +” throughout the text without any explanation. Subsequent authors (e.g., +Ng, 1987a +, +1988 +, 2020) have used the original spelling. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5478FC4E0ABAFB70.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5478FC4E0ABAFB70.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6f18837dc6b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB5478FC4E0ABAFB70.xml @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Johora +Bott, 1966 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Potamon +( +Potamon +) +johorense +Roux, 1936 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Johora + +is known from +Singapore +, Peninsular +Malaysia +and southern +Thailand +, and comprises 18 species ( +Ng et al., 2008 +; +Ng, 2020 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB568EFAEE0E98F930.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB568EFAEE0E98F930.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3bcfa10f85d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB568EFAEE0E98F930.xml @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + +Genus + +Isolapotamon +Bott, 1968 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Potamon +( +Potamon +) +anomalus +Chace, 1938 + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Isolapotamon + +is known only from Borneo and Mindanao, +Philippines +and is currently represented by 19 species (cf. +Ng et al., 2008 +; Mendoza & Yeo, 2014), 14 of which are Bornean. It is with some surprise that among the NHM material, there were specimens of two new species from parts of Borneo which have been under-sampled. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB56B6FEC40F10FAB0.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB56B6FEC40F10FAB0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ecd6a98ee48 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB56B6FEC40F10FAB0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Johora booliati +Ng, 2020 + + + + + + + +( +Fig. 1 +) + + + + + + + +Johora booliati +Ng, 2020: 20 + + +, figs. 1F, 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F, 10E–I, 12F, 13F, +14F. + + + + + +Material examined. +1 male +(31.8 × +26.8 mm +), +1 juv. +male, + +1 juv. +female ( +NHM 2022.167 +– +169 +), + +213 m +asl + +, in stream at base camp, Gunung Benom, +Pahang +, Peninsular +Malaysia +, coll. +A.G.C. Grandison +, British Museum/University of +Malaysia +Expedition ( + +February–April 1967 + +), + +March 1967 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. + +Johora booliati + +has been misidentified as + +J. tahanensis +( +Bott, 1966 +) + +for many years (see +Bott, 1970 +; +Ng, 1987a +, +1988 +). +Ng & Takeda (1992) +first indicated this was a species-complex, with +Ng (2020) +eventually revising the group. + +Johora booliati + +was described from material from Bukit Tinggi in Bentong and Fraser’s Hill in +Pahang +, Peninsular +Malaysia +( +Ng, 2020: 20 +), and Gunung Benom is an adjacent mountain. The G1 structure of the present adult male ( +Fig. 1D +) agrees well with the original description, with the terminal segment relatively long and gently curved and the proximal part of the subterminal segment is broad (cf. +Ng, 2020 +: fig. 10E–H). The one character that differs is the form of the posterior carapace margin; in the +types +, the median part is gently indented and the overall margin appears sinuous ( +Ng, 2020 +: fig. 2F). In the present adult male specimen, the posterior carapace margin is gently concave ( +Fig. 1A +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB56CDF90F08C4F793.xml b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB56CDF90F08C4F793.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..26e0dabd564 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C3/55/03C35504FF9FFFDB56CDF90F08C4F793.xml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ + + + +Historical notes on various collectors of unidentified freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 Potamidae) + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +, Martyn E. Y. Low + + + +Author + +Clark, + + + +Author + +Paul F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-12 + + +70 + + +550 +571 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0031 +2345-7600 +13256876 +633217F0-3D8F-478B-B300-5AABADEB3066 + + + + + + + +Isolapotamon consobrinum +(De +Man, 1899 +) + + + + + + + + + + +Potamon +( +Potamon +) +consobrinus +De +Man, 1899: 99 + + +, pl. 10, fig. 10. + + + + + +Material examined. + +1 male +( +NHM +1893.3.26.20), Sarawak River, +Sarawak +, Borneo, +Malaysia +, coll. +A. Everett. + + + + + +Remarks. + +Isolapotamon consobrinum + +is a well-known species from southern +Sarawak +, the +type +locality being the Kapuas in western Kalimantan (De +Man, 1899 +). It is well characterised by +Bott (1970) +, +Ng (1987b) +and +Ng & SH Tan (1998) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/87/03CE8781D1285A6B8C5654C590994FC9.xml b/data/03/CE/87/03CE8781D1285A6B8C5654C590994FC9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..270dc6a47a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/87/03CE8781D1285A6B8C5654C590994FC9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ + + + +Description of a new species of Setosamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Sakon Nakhon Province, northeastern Thailand + + + +Author + +Tan, Zhi Wan + + + +Author + +, Jose Christopher E. Mendoza + + + +Author + +Yeo, + + + +Author + +Darren C. J. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-19 + + +70 + + +572 +579 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0032 +2345-7600 +13256881 +EEB11131-3D0E-49BB-B630-44DF04B9A23E + + + + + + + +Setosamon sakon + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1–4 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +, male (59.6 × 47.5 mm) ( +ZRC 2022.0930 +), Phu Phan Park, Muang +Sakon Nakhon District +, +Sakon Nakhon Province +, +Thailand +, coll. +Naluimon Sangpradaub +, + +23 August 1997 + +. + + + +Comparative material. + +Setosamon ubon +( +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +) + +: + +holotype +, male (49.0 × 39.0 mm) ( +RMNH +D 42349 +), +Senangkhanikhom District +, + +Ubon Ratchathani +Province + +, +Thailand +, coll. +P. Naiyanetr +, + +6 October 1985 + + +. + + +Setosamon somchaii +( +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +) + +: +holotype +, male (46.8 × 37.5 mm) ( +RMNH +D 42350 +), +Si Songkhram District +, +Nakhon Phanom Province +, +Thailand +, coll. +Tangphulphon Somchai +, + +6 December 1975 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Carapace transversely ovate, slightly broader than long, relatively low, flat, branchial regions very gently inflated, gently convex longitudinally; epigastric cristae distinct, almost confluent with, slightly anterior to postorbital cristae, separated by short, indistinct groove; postorbital cristae sharp, confluent with epibranchial tooth; frontal margin sinuous; regions behind the epigastric, postorbital cristae smooth; external orbital tooth well developed; epibranchial tooth distinct; anterolateral margin convex, cristate; anterolateral, branchial regions sparsely covered with rugae or granules; cervical grooves broad, shallow; epistome posterior margin with distinct median tooth. Third maxilliped presumed to be densely setose (as indicated by numerous deep pits for setae); with flagellum longer than width of merus. Ambulatory legs not elongate; margins of carpus, propodus, dactylus of ambulatory legs with coarse setae. Suture between anterior thoracic sternites 2, 3 complete, distinct, straight; suture between anterior thoracic sternites 3, 4 not discernible; male sternopleonal cavity barely reaching imaginary line joining posterior edge of cheliped coxae. Male pleon broadly triangular. G1 terminal segment relatively short, stout, subcylindrical, with groove for G2 on dorsal (sternal) surface, with distal part not tapered, tip rounded, with dorsal flap swollen, low, broad, extending for almost entire length, with apex on median part. G2 distal segment longer than half length of basal segment. + + + + +Description. +Carapace ( +Fig. 2A +) slightly broader than long, width to length ratio 1.25, relatively low, dorsal surface relatively flat except for gently inflated branchial regions, glabrous. Frontal regions with low granules, front gently deflexed ventrally, orbital regions narrow, smooth; anterolateral regions weakly rugose; branchial, mesogastric, urogastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth; suborbital region granulose; pterygostomial regions smooth, subhepatic, sub-branchial regions rugose. Epigastric cristae distinct, rugose, not cristate, separated by broad, median Y-shaped furrow; epigastric cristae just anterior to postorbital cristae, weakly separated by short furrow; postorbital cristae distinct, sharp to weakly rugose, prominently raised, subparallel to frontal margin, outer edge confluent with anterolateral margins. Cervical grooves distinct, not reaching lateral margins, connected to well-defined H-shaped gastric groove. Frontal margin gently sinuous in dorsal view, almost straight in frontal view; barely divided into two low lobes, separated by broad, very shallow concavity; margin of each lobe gently convex. External orbital tooth distinct, acutely triangular, outer margin slightly greater than length of inner margin, margins cristate, demarcated from rest of anterolateral margin by deep V-shaped cleft; epibranchial tooth small, distinct, broadly triangular. Anterolateral margins convex, cristate, lined with low, sharp granules, appears weakly serrated. Posterolateral margin straight, converging towards slightly convex posterior carapace margin. + + +Orbits ( +Figs. 2B +, +3A +) subovate; eye filling entire space; ocular peduncle relatively short; cornea large, ovate, pigmented. Supraorbital, suborbital margins straight, cristate. Antennules short, folding transversely into broad, subrectangular fossa; antennae very short, tip not reaching cornea of eyes. Posterior margin of epistome with distinct median triangle, lateral margin almost straight. + + + +Fig. 1. + +Setosamon sakon + +, +new species +, holotype male (59.6 × 47.5 mm) (ZRC 2022.0930). A, right G1, dorsal (sternal) view; B, right G1, ventral (pleonal) view; C, terminal segment of right G1, dorsal (sternal) view; D, terminal segment of right G1, ventral (pleonal) view; E, right G2, dorsal (sternal) view; F, left third maxilliped (setae reconstructed). Scale bar = 2.0 mm. + + + +Third maxilliped ( +Figs. 1F +, +3A, E +) covering most of buccal cavity when closed, with numerous deep pits for setae (setae detached in +holotype +); ischium broadly rectangular, with distinct longitudinal median sulcus; merus subquadrate, slightly wider than long, subequal to half of ischium length, with concave outer surface, margins almost smooth, weakly granulated; exopod slender, long, reaching to about half length of merus, inner distal angle angular, produced, with elongate flagellum, longer than merus width. + + +Chelipeds ( +Figs. 2B +, +3C, D +) slightly subequal, left cheliped slightly larger in +holotype +. Anterior margin of basis-ischium lined with small granules, margin of merus lined with sharp granules, appearing serrated. Outer surface of merus and carpus rugose, inner distal angle with large sharp tooth and basal tooth. Outer surface of chelae gently rugose, major chela fingers appears more elongate than minor chela. Pollex of major chela longer than palm (dactylus broken), outer surface with rows of pits, tips hooked and overlapping in minor chela; cutting edges of both fingers with variously sized sharp teeth and denticles; dorsal margin of dactylus more prominent with tubercles; fingers form slight gape when closed. Fingers of minor chela short, subequal to palm. Ambulatory legs ( +Figs. 2A +, +3B +) not elongate, carpi, propodi, dactyli lined with few coarse setae but with numerous pits for setae (setae detached in +holotype +), second pair longest, pereopod length (from merus to dactylus) to carapace width ratio 1.46, last pair shortest. Merus length to width ratio 3.38, outer surface very weakly rugose, dorsal margin distinctly smooth, without subdistal spine or tooth; carpus gently rugose, dorsal margin almost smooth, outer surface with distinct sub-median crista; dorsal margin of propodus with crista, outer surface with very weak sub-median groove; dactylus elongate, relatively straight, margins with short, sharp pectinate spines. + + + +Fig. 2. + +Setosamon sakon + +, +new species +, holotype, male (59.6 × 47.5 mm) (ZRC 2022.0930). A, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, ventral view. + + + + +Fig. 3. + +Setosamon sakon + +, +new species +, holotype, male (59.6 × 47.5 mm) (ZRC 2022.0930). A, frontal view of cephalothorax; B, left second ambulatory leg; C, lateral view of right minor chela; D, medial view of right minor chela; E, left third maxilliped (setae detached in holotype). + + + +Thoracic sternum ( +Figs. 2C +, +4B +), notably sternites 3, 4, relatively broad, surface pitted. Sternites 1, 2 completely fused to form broadly triangular plate; separated from sternite 3 by straight suture; sternites 3, 4 completely fused, with shallow groove demarcating suture, no lateral notches on either side of sternites; sutures 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8 medially interrupted; median longitudinal groove limited to posterior end of sternite 4 to sternite 8. Male sternopleonal cavity shallow, barely reaching imaginary line joining posterior edge of cheliped coxae. + + +Male pleon ( +Fig. 4C +) broadly triangular; all somites and telson free; telson broadly triangular, height to base ratio 0.73, lateral margins gently concave; somite 6 trapezoidal, much wider than long, lateral margins almost straight; somites 3–5 trapezoidal, gradually decreasing in width, increasing in length; somites 1, 2 subrectangular, very wide, reaching to bases of coxae of fourth ambulatory legs, thoracic sternite 8 not visible when pleon closed. + + +G1 ( +Fig. 1A–D +) relatively broad, stout, straight; subterminal segment broad proximally, tapering distally, without cleft on outer margin, lateral margin convex, mesial margin relatively straight, distal end slightly curving laterally; terminal segment clearly separated from subterminal segment by weak dilation, relatively short, about 0.36 times length of subterminal segment, gently bent laterally, relatively stout, subcylindrical, tip appearing rounded, with distinct dorsal subdistal opening, groove for G2 positioned on dorsal (sternal) surface, without longitudinal torsion, without swelling on inner margin, dorsal flap low, broad, extending almost entire length of terminal segment, swollen, convex, with broadly convex apex in median portion, gradually tapered proximally and distally, without subdistal notch. G2 ( +Fig. 1E +) distal segment distinctly longer than half of basal segment, slender, tapering, without distal projection; basal segment outer margin gently convex. + + + + +Fig. 4. + +Setosamon sakon + +, +new species +, holotype, male (59.6 × 47.5 mm) (ZRC 2022.0930). A, sternopleonal cavity showing detached G1s placed in approximate natural in situ position; B, thoracic sternum and pleon; C, close-up of pleon; D, posterior view of pleon, including somites 1 and 2. + + + + +Etymology. +This species is named after +Sakon Nakhon District +in +Thailand +, where the +holotype +was collected. The species epithet, + +sakon + +, is used as a noun in apposition. + + + + +Remarks. +In the sole specimen of + +Setosamon sakon + +, +new species +, the third maxilliped apparently lacks the distinctive long and coarse setae found in other + +Setosamon +species. + +Nonetheless, numerous large, deep pits that mark the attachment points of these coarse setae are scattered across the surfaces of ischium, merus, and exopod ( +Fig. 3E +), suggesting the presence of setae in the intact specimen in life. We presume that the setae were artificially detached at some point post-mortem, perhaps due to old age or improper preservation and/or handling. Furthermore, + +Setosamon sakon + +, +new species +, also displays these other characters that warrant its inclusion in the genus, namely, the almost confluent epigastric cristae and postorbital cristae; smooth dorsal carapace surface except for the slightly rugose branchial region; long third maxilliped exopod flagellum, exceeding width of merus; broadly triangular male pleon barely reaching imaginary line joining posterior edge of cheliped coxa; ambulatory legs carpi, propodi, and dactyli lined with coarse setae; and relatively short, subcylindrical G1 terminal segment, with distinct dorsal groove for the G2, broad, rounded tip, with well developed, swollen, broad dorsal flap ( +Figs. 1A–D, F +, +2A +, +3B, E +, +4B +). + + + +Setosamon sakon + +most closely resembles + +S. ubon +( +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +) + +in its slightly serrated carapace anterolateral margins, slightly inflated branchial regions, and the dorsal and subdistal position of the opening of the G1 terminal segment ( +Figs. 1A–D +, +2A, B +; +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +: fig. 40D). There are, however, some significant differences in the G1 structure that separate the two species, namely, the G1 terminal segment is less strongly bent outwards (versus more strongly bent outwards in + +S. ubon + +); and the G1 terminal segment dorsal flap extends along the entire length of the terminal segment, with the flap’s apex in the median portion (versus dorsal flap extending distal two-thirds length of terminal segment, with flap apex skewed towards distal portion, at the distal third in + +S. ubon + +) ( +Fig. 1A–D +; +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +: fig. 40B–E). + + + +Setosamon sakon + +can be easily distinguished from + +S. somchaii +( +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +) + +by the weakly serrated carapace anterolateral margin (versus carapace anterolateral margin almost entire); G1 more stout, less sinuous (versus G1 appearing more slender, sinuous); and G1 terminal segment with dorsal subdistal opening, dorsal flap with broadly convex apex (versus G1 terminal segment lacking dorsal subdistal opening, dorsal flap with broad bluntly angular apex) ( +Figs. 1A–D +, +2B +, +3A +; +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +: figs. 7A, B, 41B–E). + + +Habitat. +Habitat notes were not available with the specimen; however, the sole specimen of + +Setosamon sakon + +was obtained from Phu Phan National Park in +Sakon Nakhon Province +, northeastern +Thailand +, and Phu Phan National Park is dominated by a limestone mountain range, dry evergreen forests, and is the source of numerous streams and waterfalls ( +Department of National Parks, 2015 +). The general morphology of + +Setosamon sakon + +, including the relatively low carapace, relatively stout ambulatory legs, and third maxilliped with elongated flagellum, is often associated with species with generally aquatic habits (as opposed to terrestrial or semi-terrestrial) that occur in fast-flowing hill/ montane streams ( +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +; Yeo et al., 1999; +Yeo, 2000 +; +Naruse et al., 2011 +). Future expeditions are needed, however, to verify these potential associations and better understand the ecology and distribution of this crab. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/87/03CE8781D1285A6C8C4B508290FA4C6E.xml b/data/03/CE/87/03CE8781D1285A6C8C4B508290FA4C6E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6319e2454d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/87/03CE8781D1285A6C8C4B508290FA4C6E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ + + + +Description of a new species of Setosamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Sakon Nakhon Province, northeastern Thailand + + + +Author + +Tan, Zhi Wan + + + +Author + +, Jose Christopher E. Mendoza + + + +Author + +Yeo, + + + +Author + +Darren C. J. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-12-19 + + +70 + + +572 +579 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2022-0032 +2345-7600 +13256881 +EEB11131-3D0E-49BB-B630-44DF04B9A23E + + + + + + +Genus + +Setosamon +Yeo & Ng, 2007 + + + + + + + + + + +Setosamon +Yeo & Ng, 2007: 293 + + +. + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Potamon ubon +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 + +, by original designation. + + + + +Remarks. + +Setosamon +Yeo & Ng, 2007 + +, now includes three species, namely + +S. somchaii +( +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +) + +, + +S. ubon +( +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +) + +, and + +S. sakon + +, +new species +(see below). + +Setosamon +species + +are characterised by the nearly confluent epigastric and postorbital cristae, shallow sternopleonal cavity, broadly triangular male pleon, coarse setae on the third maxillipeds and ambulatory legs, and broad, well developed dorsal flap on the G1 terminal segment. In this respect, + +Setosamon + +shares many similarities in carapace morphology with + +Pilosamon +Ng, 1996 + +. However, + +Setosamon + +can be easily differentiated from + +Pilosamon + +in the G1 terminal segment being subcylindrical with its distal tip bluntly rounded and with a relatively low and swollen dorsal flap (versus G1 terminal segment subconical, tip pointed with relatively high, flat dorsal flap in + +Pilosamon + +); and the groove for the G2 being dorsal (sternal) in position (versus groove for G2 marginal, mesial in position in + +Pilosamon + +) ( +Fig. 1A–D +; +Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 +: figs. 40B–E, 41B–E; +Ng, 1996 +: fig. 2; +Yeo & Naiyanetr, 2010 +: fig. 2). + + + + +Distribution. +Nakhon Phanom +, +Ubon Ratchathani +and +Sakon Nakhon +Provinces, all in northeastern +Thailand +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D3/D8/03D3D81EA152FFFB82A169F559F3F8B3.xml b/data/03/D3/D8/03D3D81EA152FFFB82A169F559F3F8B3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8987aa3f2c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D3/D8/03D3D81EA152FFFB82A169F559F3F8B3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ + + + +On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka + + + +Author + +Ng, Peter K. L. + + + +Author + +Schubart, Christoph D. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2017 + +2017-11-08 + + +65 + + +655 +669 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256838 +2345-7600 +13256838 +345579E6-E31B-4093-A731-813296EC1F77 + + + + + + + +Pseudosesarma +Serène & Soh, 1970 + + + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Sesarma edwardsii +De +Man, 1887 + +, by original designation. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87884D14464B5732FBC824967B92.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87884D14464B5732FBC824967B92.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a5b653b70e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87884D14464B5732FBC824967B92.xml @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ + + + +Validation of Parabrachidontes, a new genus of fresh- and brackish-water mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from Southeast Asia with a redescription of the type species and P. amnicus Tan et al., 2023 + + + +Author + +Tan, Koh Siang + + + +Author + +, Samuel Hui Ming Tan + + + +Author + +, Kitithorn Sanpanich + + + +Author + +, Teerapong Duangdee + + + +Author + +Ambarwati, + + + +Author + +Reni + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-01 + + +72 + + +214 +218 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0018 +2345-7600 +13256991 +313B15C1-4865-4746-8186-CD8FF4EF1D50 + + + + + + + +Parabrachidontes amnicus +Tan, Tan, Sanpanich, Duangdee & Ambarwati, 2023 + + + + + + + +( +Fig. 1 +) + + +ZooBank registration. + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +B92166DD- 5FA0-4656-BDD1-DC2C4AA51A4D + + + + + + +‘ + + +Parabrachidontes +’ +amnicus +Tan et al., 2023: 7 + + +, figs. 1, 2, 6A, 7; Suppl. Info., pp. 2–4, figs. S1A, S2A. + + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +THAILAND +, +Satun Province +, +Khlong Pak Bala +, upper reaches of river, + +17 May 2018 + +( +PMBC 30680 +) + + +Paratypes +. Same location data as for holotype, 6 individuals preserved in ethanol ( +PMBC 30681 +, sequenced) + +; + +PMBC 30682 +; +ZRC +.MOL.29857 + +; +ZRC +.MOL.29858). + + + + +Other material +. + +Same data as for holotype, 6 individuals fixed in formalin ( +ZRC +.MOL.24957) + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named for the riverine (Latin: ‘amnicus’, of a stream) habitat from which it was collected. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Valve surface with numerous narrow but distinct radial ribs across the dorsal half of the shell that become obsolete towards the anterior end; periostracum greenish at posterior half of shell and along the posterior margin, while the anterior half of shell is brown. + + + + +Description. +Shell thin, small (SL to +20 mm +), elongate, mytiliform, somewhat flattened laterally with a moderate keel. Shell surface with broad radial ribs crossed by irregularly spaced major commarginal lines interspersed with fine, closely spaced minor commarginal lines. Radial ribs number about 26 dorsal to keel, sometimes bifurcating towards the shell margins; finer, closely set ribs are present ventral to the keel, becoming obsolete towards the anterior, but reappearing again at the anterior end as broad but closely spaced radial ribs. Umbones subterminal. Periostracum green at the posterior half of the shell and along the posterior valve margins, while the anterior half of the shell is dark brown. Byssal hairs absent. Interior of shell tinged with purple; inside margins of dorsal and anterior regions crenulate, which correspond to the terminations of the radial ribs on the shell surface. The ligament is robust, relatively wide, resilium pits absent. The inside shell margins immediately posterior to the ligament bears about 10 crenules, whilst those at the anterior margin ventral to the umbones has 17 strongly impressed denticles that become smaller towards the posterior. The anterior adductor muscle scar traces a shallow arc just inside the antero-ventral edge of the shell. The posterior adductor muscle scar is relatively large, ovatecircular in shape (diameter about +2.7 mm +) and is conjoined with the broadly elongate posterior byssal and foot retractor muscle scar that extends about ¼ way along the length of the ligament. In addition, a series of small circular attachment scars (about +25 in +total, but not always visible) occurs along the inside shell surface of the keel from the posterior mantle attachment towards the anterior, ending at the mid-region of the shell. Shell microstructure comprising a thin (10–15µm) subperiostracal homogeneous layer and thicker 250–300 µm nacreous layer. A simple prismatic myostracum occurs as the innermost layer. Shell is predominantly aragonitic (98.8% w/w) with presence of trace amounts of calcite (0.8%). Animal with very short labial palps (about ¼ length of ctenidium) with about 22 folds. Upper edges of the ascending lamellae of outer demibranchs attached to the inside surface of mantle about ⅔ way dorsally. Upper edges of ascending lamellae of inner demibranchs attached to roof of mantle cavity. Plicate glands absent. Foot elongate, muscular. The posterior pedal/byssal retractor muscle complex is distinctly separated into two regions, comprising an anterior set that is barely split into two equal bundles near the shell attachment region, and a posterior set with two equally elongate bundles that is each subdivided into two smaller bundles at the attachment region. The pericardium is located between the anterior and posterior sets of the posterior byssal retractor muscle complex (Category 3 of +Morton, 2015 +). Midgut and style sac separate. The posterior region of the thickened mantle edge has up to 10 short, simple, unbranched papillae in a single row on either side of the inhalant region, where subcutaneous white pigment grains are present. The mantle margin is entire and slightly crenulate. + + + +Fig. 1. + +Parabrachidontes amnicus +, Khlong Pak Bara + +, Satun Province, Thailand. A, B, holotype, PMBC 30680, SL=15.2 mm; C, D, paratype, ZRC.MOL.29857, SL=14.8 mm; E, F, paratype, PMBC 30681, SL=15.6 mm (see also +Tan et al., 2023 +). + + + + +Shell ( +holotype +). + +Shell length +15.2 mm +(PMBC 30680) (see +Fig. 1A, B +) + + +Geographical distribution. +Currently known only from Pak Bara in +Satun Province +, southwest +Thailand +. + + +Taxonomic remarks. +The prominent and numerous radial ribs present on the external shell surface of + +Parabrachidontes amnicus + +distinguish this species from its congener + +P. leucostictus + +(see +Tan et al., 2023 +). In the latter species, radial ribs are present but are weak and generally flattened. The prominent radial sculpture in + +P. amnicus + +is reminiscent of many marine + +Brachidontes +species + +often found intertidally on seashores around the world. However, apart from their convergence in shell sculpture, + +P. amnicus + +can be easily distinguished from true + +Brachidontes +species + +in having the terminal edges of the ascending lamella of its outer demibranch attached to the mantle lobe. As far as we are aware, the ascending lamellae of the outer demibranchs of + +Brachidontes +species + +are free and not attached to the mantle surface. The disparate positions of the two genera in phylogenetic trees based on multiple genes (see + +Fig. +1 + +in +Tan et al., 2023 +) also attest to their evolutionary divergence. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87884D17464E54F3FAE823C87EF2.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87884D17464E54F3FAE823C87EF2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f38e6e3fe23 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87884D17464E54F3FAE823C87EF2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ + + + +Validation of Parabrachidontes, a new genus of fresh- and brackish-water mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from Southeast Asia with a redescription of the type species and P. amnicus Tan et al., 2023 + + + +Author + +Tan, Koh Siang + + + +Author + +, Samuel Hui Ming Tan + + + +Author + +, Kitithorn Sanpanich + + + +Author + +, Teerapong Duangdee + + + +Author + +Ambarwati, + + + +Author + +Reni + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-08-01 + + +72 + + +214 +218 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0018 +2345-7600 +13256991 +313B15C1-4865-4746-8186-CD8FF4EF1D50 + + + + + + + +Parabrachidontes +Tan, Tan, Sanpanich, Duangdee & Ambarwati + +, +new genus + + + + + + +Type +species: + +Modiola leucosticta +von Martens, 1897: 86–88 + +(see below); by present designation. + + +ZooBank registration: + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +EB33F9A1- 3627-4E3D-A639-7D1A921CF36F + +and + +urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act: +7DA9F849-ED7E-429E-A0C9-DAF3FFD9D7C8 + + + + + +Diagnosis +. Adult shell up to +30 mm +in length, mytiliform to modioliform in outline, equivalve; shell surface generally either greenish-brown or dark brown to black, entirely smooth or bearing weak to strong radial ribs, often with closely set commarginal lines. Umbones generally subterminal. Shell interior iridescent; linear series of small teeth are present on the inside edge of shell margins anterior (about 12 elongate, closely-set teeth) and posterior (about 7 papillate crenules) to the ligament. Ligament internal, narrow, resilial pits absent. Posterior adductor muscle scar confluent with single, narrow posterior byssal retractor muscle scar. Ascending lamella of outer demibranch on either side of animal is shorter than descending lamella; terminal (upper) edge of the ascending lamella fused to the adjacent mantle lobe surface. Ascending lamella of inner demibranch may also be fused to the mantle surface of the visceral mass. Plicate glands are absent. The pericardium is located between the anterior and posterior sets of the posterior byssal retractor muscle complex (Category 3 of +Morton, 2015 +). Currently, the new genus comprises three species distributed variously in +India +, peninsular +Thailand +, +Singapore +, +Sarawak +(east +Malaysia +) and +Sulawesi +( +Indonesia +). Two of the three species occur in salinities below 3 psu. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E4/25/03E42551E115FFD392A5FF2DFB20117A.xml b/data/03/E4/25/03E42551E115FFD392A5FF2DFB20117A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cc3b635919f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E4/25/03E42551E115FFD392A5FF2DFB20117A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ + + + +The Blue Crab Of Christmas Island, Discoplax Celeste, New Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) + + + +Author + +Davie, Peter K. L. Ng Peter J. F. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-02-29 + + +60 + + +1 + + +89 +100 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256684 +2345-7600 +13256684 + + + + + + + +Discoplax +A. +Milne-Edwards, 1867 + + + + + + + + + + +Discoplax +A. +Milne-Edwards, 1867: 284 + + +; + +Balss, 1957: 1671 + +; + +Guinot, 1979: 152 + +; + +Türkay, 1987: 145 + +; + +Guinot, 1994: 168 + +; Ng & Guinot, 2001: 312; + +Davie, 2002: 185 + +; + +Ng et al., 2008: 214 + +. + + + + + + + +Type +species. + +— + + +Discoplax longipes +A. +Milne-Edwards, 1867 + +, by monotypy. Gender feminine. + + + + +Remarks. +— Ng & Guinot (2001) separated + +Discoplax +A. +Milne-Edwards, 1867 + +, from + +Cardisoma +Latreille, 1828 + +, and extensive remarks on the status of each genus are provided in that paper. + +Discoplax + +, as currently defined, contains five species, all from the Indo-West Pacific: + +D. rotunda +(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) + +, + +D. hirtipes +( +Dana, 1851 +) + +, + +D. longipes +A. +Milne-Edwards, 1867 + +, + +D. gracilipes +Ng & Guinot, 2001 + +, and + +D. celeste + +, +new species +(described here). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCBFFFA6038F401FAAA4DBA.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCBFFFA6038F401FAAA4DBA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3eda8906c43 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCBFFFA6038F401FAAA4DBA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + +Thinophilus yeoi + +sp. nov. + + +(Figs. 55–57) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +Male. +SINGAPORE +: +Pulau Ubin +, +Chek Jawa +, mangrove, + +12 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25243, Si1049, leg. +PG +) + +. + +Paratypes +: +5 males +, +4 females +, mangrove, + +11 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25380, Si1084, leg. +PG +) + +; + +14 females +, + +26 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25399, Si1137, leg. +PG +) + +; + +6 males +, +3 females +, mangrove, + +22 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25456, Si1373, leg. +PG +) + +. + +Numerous additional records can be found in Annex 1. + +Additional material. + +Male +, +Sungei Mandai +, +Mandai creek +, + +24 July 1976 + +, (dry on pin, leg. +D.H. Murphy +, +ZRC +LKCNHM +; third antennal segment missing) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A large species with basal half of fore coxae black. Fore femur with a row of pv over the entire length, short near base, the preapical ones as long as femur is wide. Cerci long, half as long as abdomen, brown with short brown hairs. Fore tarsus with only the posterior claw present, anterior pulvillus enlarged. + + +Male. +(Fig. 55). Body length: +4.5–5.2 mm +, wing length: +4–5 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Frons slightly concave. Face wide, at its narrowest point near upper third as wide as third antennal segment is long. Clypeus, sharply delineated from epistoma, protruding. Palpus yellow with black hairs. Postcranium slightly concave, shining dark metallic green. 2 long, diverging ocellars, twice as long as the three antennal segments; 2 shorter, verticals, converging and pointing forward; no postocellars; 2 distinct postverticals. Postoculars black and uniseriate above (5–6), longer and white below. + + +Antenna +(Fig. 56) completely yellow. Second segment with dorsal and slightly longer ventral bristles. Third segment shorter than wide, tip a little produced and apically rounded. Arista subapical, 2.5 times as long as antenna, black; basal aristal segment short; apical segment shortly pubescent, tip naked. + + +Thorax +and scutellum dark metallic green in ground colour, covered with a brownish dusting, two dull black stripes between the rows of dc, separated by a central brown strip; no dull black spots present. No acr; 6 rather short dc, short in front gradually growing longer to the rear and ending in a long prescutellar. Scutellum with 2 long marginals, with a minute lateral hair at outer side. 3–4 upper and 2 lower, white propleural bristles. + + +Legs +yellow with hairs and bristles black. Fore coxa black on basal half, mid and hind coxae black, all trochanters yellow. Hind tibia brown on basal third, rest yellowish brown. All legs with tarsomere 1–3 of fore leg pale, following tarsomeres apically brown, tarsomere 5 completely brown. + + +Fore leg. +Coxa anteriorly with 4 long bristles, apically with 5 long bristles. Femur slightly swollen in basal third, apically slender, with a row of short ventral bristles at base; in basal quarter some short pv, in apical third a row of about 5-6 bristles as long as femur is wide. Tibia ventrally with a double row of diverging bristles, the longest near base, as long as tibia is wide, 2 d, and a crown of weak apicals. Tarsomere 1 ventrally with short bristles, not spinulose, anteriorly a bit longer, but no soft hairs. Apico-ventral bristles on all tarsomeres present, not very long, the longest on tarsomere 4 and there as long as tarsomere 4. Anterior pulvillus long and about as wide as tarsomere 5; posterior pulvillus shorter and not so wide; only posterior claw present. Length femur, tibia and tarsomeres: 1.50: 1.42: 0.62: 0.22: 0.17: 0.12: 0.2. + + +Mid leg. +Coxa with a strong, black bristle and some long anterior bristles. Femur slightly swollen in basal half, in basal half with a row of short ventral bristles being half as long as femur is wide; a strong preapical anterior, 2-3 weaker preapical pv. Tibia with 2 ad, 2 pd, and a crown of strong apical bristles. Each tarsomere with a pair of apico-ventral spinules and a long hair anterior hair. Length femur, tibia and tarsomeres: 1.67: 2: 1.12: 0.35: 0.25: 0.12: 0.12. + + +Hind leg. +Coxa with a strong black exterior bristle. Hind femur as wide as mid femur. A long anterior near middle, two strong ad in apical third (also in female), a weak preapical anterior, a stronger preapical pv. Tibia with 2 ad, 2 pd, and a crown of strong apicals. + +Length femur, tibia and tarsomeres: 2.45: 2.5: 0.62: 0.62: 0.32: 0.25: 0.27. + +Wing +anteriorly above vein M +1+2 +brown, posteriorly more greyish. Veins black, hardly paler near base. Apical part of M +1+2 +practically straight; tip of R +4+5 +slightly converging with M +1+2 +. Wing boss present at one Tp length from Tp. Apical part of M +3+4 +, 1.5 times as long as tp. Anal vein dark brown at its base, apical half not indicated. Haltere white. Squama white, with short white cilia. + + +Abdomen +with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat longer marginals (those at side of first tergite longest). Sternite 1 sclerotised. All sternites with short, black hairs. Sternite 4 with long marginal bristles covering the tip of the male genitalia. Aedeagus, surstyli, genital capsule (Fig. 56) and cerci brown. Surstyli symmetrical. Hypandrium asymmetrical (Fig. 56B). Cerci not fused, with broadly rounded tips; bristling brownish. + + +Female. +Body length: 4.8–5.2; wing length: 4.3–5. + +In most respect similar to male. The posteroventral bristle on the fore femur are present but much shorter and there is no double row of ventral bristles on the fore tibia. Bristling on mid femur short. All tibiae can be completely brownish. + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +, southern +Thailand +(Samoh et al., in litteris), +Brunei +. + + +Although the NGS barcode of specimens from +Surat Thani +(southern +Thailand +) differs 2.6% from those of +Brunei +and +Singapore +, I did not see any morphological differences. + + +Phenology. + +Thinophilus yeoi + +sp. nov. +is present throughout the year in low numbers. However, there was a distinct peak of activity from September to November in 2014. It is not clear if there is a relation to the amount of rain fall. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCDFFFE62DBF43AFC7E4A7A.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCDFFFE62DBF43AFC7E4A7A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6e695b490a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCDFFFE62DBF43AFC7E4A7A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,385 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus superbus + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 51–53) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male, +SINGAPORE +, +Semakau Island +, SMN1, mangrove, + +3 April 2012 + +(reg. 29159, Ma0090) + +. +Paratypes +: +1 male +, Semakau, SMN1, mangrove, +6 September 2012 +(reg. 29443, Ma1404); +1 male +, Semakau new, SMN1, mangrove, +10 January 2013 +(reg. 29677, Ma2334); +2 males +, SMN1, mangrove, +7 February 2013 +(reg. 29729, Ma3328); +2 males +, +6 females +, SMN1, mangrove, +14 February 2013 +(reg. 29742, Ma3362); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +21 February 2013 +(reg. 29755, Ma3382); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +7 March 2013 +(reg. 29782, Ma3429); +2 males +, +3 females +, SMN1, mangrove, +14 March 2013 +(reg. 29796, Ma3444); +1 male +, +1 female +, Semakau new, SMN1, mangrove, +28 March 2013 +(reg. 29824, Ma3465); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +18 April 2013 +(reg. 29866, Ma4101); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +25 April 2013 +(reg. 29890, Ma4039); +3 females +, Fig. 51. + +Thinophilus superbus + +sp. nov. +male habitus. + + +SMN1, mangrove, +9 May 2013 +(reg. 29907, Ma4180); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +23 May 2013 +(reg. 29933, Ma4198); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +13 June 2013 +(reg. 29972, Ma4244, Mal.); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +25 July 2013 +(reg. 30050, Ma5054); +1 male +, SMN1, mangrove, +1 August 2013 +(reg. 30066, Ma5072); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +7 August 2013 +(reg. 30076, Ma5677); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +15 August 2013 +(reg. 30089, Ma5088); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +26 September 2013 +(reg. 30167, Ma5499); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +10 October 2013 +(reg. 30193, Ma6190); +1 male +, SMN1, mangrove, +7 February 2014 +(reg. 30414, Ma8219); +2 females +, SMN1, mangrove, +20 February 2014 +(reg. 30440, Ma8228); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +6 March 2014 +(reg. 30466, Ma8244); +1 female +, SMN1, mangrove, +20 March 2014 +(reg. 30492, Ma8265); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +19 April 2012 +(reg. 29184, Ma0345); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +7 June 2012 +(reg. 29275, Ma1029); +1 male +, SMN2, mangrove, +2 August 2012 +(reg. 29379, Ma1254); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +16 August 2012 +(reg. 29405, Ma1260); +1 male +, +2 females +, SMN2, mangrove, +23 August 2012 +(reg. 29418, Ma1269); +2 females +, SMN2, mangrove, +6 September 2012 +(reg. 29444, Ma1424); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +20 September 2012 +(reg. 29470, Ma1321); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +27- Sep-2012 +(reg. 29489, Ma1308); +1 male +, SMN2, mangrove, +4 October 2012 +(reg. 29496, Ma2632); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +17 January 2013 +(reg. 29691, Ma2376); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +14 February 2013 +(reg. 29743, Ma3491); +1 female +, SMN2, mangrove, +21 February 2013 +(reg. 29756, Ma3256); +1 male +, SMN2, mangrove, +14 March 2013 +(reg. 29797, Ma3569); +1 male +, SMN3, mangrove, +24 May 2012 +(reg. 29250, Ma0230); +1 male +, SMN3, mangrove, +27-Sep- 2012 +(reg. 29484, Ma1392); +1 female +, SMN3, mangrove, +20 December 2012 +(reg. 29640, Ma2009); +1 male +, SMN3, mangrove, +21 February 2013 +(reg. 29757, Ma3933); +1 female +, SMN3, mangrove, +28 February 2013 +(reg. 29770, Ma3222); +1 female +, SMN3, mangrove, +28 February 2013 +(reg. 29770, Ma3552); +1 female +, SMN3, mangrove, +19 December 2013 +(reg. 30325, Ma7785); +1 male +, SMN3, mangrove, +26 December 2013 +(reg. 30338, Ma7800); +2 females +, SMN3, mangrove, +13 February 2014 +(reg. 30429, Ma8387); +1 male +, Semakau old, SMO3, mangrove, +4 October 2012 +(reg. 29500, Ma2830). + + + + +Etymology. +The name + +superbus + +refers to the beautiful and elegant posture of this species. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A large species of the + +spinatus + +-group with very long slender legs. Antenna completely yellow with an apical arista somewhat sunken in the tip of the postpedicel. No lower postoculars present. Propleura with a black spine-like bristle. All legs in male adorned with femora swollen at base. Mid leg with tarsomere 3 flattened. Hind tibia with a very long black dorsal preapical hair-like bristle as long as tibia is long; hind tarsomere 2 with 3 very long black dorsal bristles near middle. Legs in female not adorned. + + +Male. +(Fig. 51) Body +5.4 mm +; wing +4.6 mm +. + + +Fig. 52. + +Thinophilus superbus + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Surstyli ventrally; B, Epandrium and cercus laterally; C, Cerci dorsally. Scale = +0.1 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Frons slightly concave. Face narrower than width of third antennal segment. Clypeus, sharply delineated from epistoma, protruding. Palpus large, yellow with minute black hairs only near tip. 2 very long, diverging ocellars, more than twice as long as the three antennal segments together; 2 very short, verticals; 2 distinct postverticals. Postoculars black and uniseriate above (5–6), lacking below. Antenna (Fig. 51) completely yellow with an apical arista somewhat sunken in the tip of the postpedicel. Second segment with 2 tiny black dorsal bristles. Arista apical, 3 times as long as antenna, black; basal aristal segment short, brown; apical segment very shortly pubescent. Proboscis elongate, with yellow labella. + + +Legs +yellow but all coxae entirely black. + + +Fore leg. +Coxa with only minute bristles, except for the apicals. Fore femur spindle shaped in basal half, with a tiny black ventral bristle at base. Tibia a little twisted with long posteroventral bristles in apical half and 2 long anteroventral bristles on apical quarter; a row of about 5 spine-like posteroventral bristles on basal third, as long as tibia is wide. Tarsomere 1 longer than following 4 tarsomeres, in basal half with a row of long posteroventral bristles. + + +Wing +long, brown tinged with yellowish brown veins (Fig. 51). Squama white dorsally with a few long pale brown cilia. Haltere white. + + +Abdomen +with a shining green metallic ground-colour. Tergites with short black bristles. Sternite 4 with a bundle of long bristles at sides. Terminalia (Fig. 52). Cerci pale brownish, dorsally fused forming a plate. Phallus rather short. Surstylus with 3 ventral bristles near middle (Fig. 52A, B). + + +Female. +Resembling the slender long legged male, but all femora much slender and only faintly swollen at base. Legs lacking ornamentations. It shares also the presence of a black spine-like propleural bristle. + + + + +Remarks. +This slender long-legged species with is long snout is quite remarkable in that the male has a very long apical dorsal bristle on the hind tibia and a spine-like black propleural bristle. + + +Fig. 53. + +Thinophilus superbus + +sp. nov. +: Phenology during a 2-year survey (MIP). + + +Mid leg. +Coxa with a fine exterior black bristle. Femur strongly club shaped with basal third as wide as base of fore femur, with a bundle of at least 5 white bristle on the basal swelling that are nearly twice as long as femur is wide (not visible on image Fig. 51); apical third of femur very narrow. Tibia 1.5 times as long as mid femur, in apical third with a row of long posteroventral bristles, those near apex of tibia longest with straggling tips. Tarsomere 1 a little shorter than following 4 tarsomeres. Apical half of tarsomere 2 with some longer dorsal bristles. Tarsomere 3 completely flattened with dorsal margin seamed with a double row of strong curved dorsal bristles while ventral margin is seamed with short rather spine like bristles, leaving the anterior and posterior surfaces almost bare except for a single row of fine bristles. + + +Hind leg. +Hind coxa with a long black exterior bristle. Femur spindle shaped in basal half, apical half very narrow. On basal half with a double row of black ventral bristle half as long as femur is wide, the row becomes a single row on the slender part of the femur, the most apical 3 bristles are longer than the femur is wide. a strong preapical anteroventral bristle is present. Hind tibia shorter than hind femur, with a tiny black dorsal bristle on apical third and a very long black dorsal preapical hair-like bristle as long as tibia is long; hind tarsomere 2 with 3 very long black dorsal bristles near middle. Tarsomere 3 somewhat twisted and with a row of long dorsal bristles. The row continues on tarsomeres 4 and 5. + + +Thorax +shining metallic green in ground-colour. 5 rather short dc, becoming longer towards scutellum, the prescutellar is the longest. The row of dc is preceded by 3 minute hairs. Lower propleurals short black but with a conspicuous spine-like bristle anteriorly. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +, southern +Thailand +(Samoh, in litteris). + + +Bionomics. + +Thinophilus superbus + +sp. nov. +is only found in front mangroves. + + +Phenology. + +Thinophilus superbus + +sp. nov. +is present throughout the year in rather low numbers. However there is a peak of activity in August-September and second peak in February. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCEFFFB6239F6AEFE8C4805.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCEFFFB6239F6AEFE8C4805.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..98da6f3c742 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFCEFFFB6239F6AEFE8C4805.xml @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus variabilis +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017 + + + + +(Fig. 54) + + + + + + +Thinophilus variabilis +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017: 30 + + +(Figs. 36–40). + + + + + +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized species (body +2.7 mm +; wing +2 mm +) with yellowish brown to brown fore coxa bearing long black bristles. Fore femur with a row of long posteroventral bristles over the entire length. Fore tibia with a row of long ventral spine-like bristles over entire length of tibia. Wing brownish. + + + + +Description. +For a detailed description and images of the male and female, I refer to the description given in +Samoh et al., 2017 +. + + + + +Remarks. +The colour patterns in + +Thinophilus variabilis + +are quite variable and different between male and female. There are populations in southern +Thailand +in which the fore coxa in male and female are completely yellow, but other where the male has entirely yellow fore coca while the female has almost entirely black fore coxa (Samoh, in litteris). + + + +Thinophilus variabilis + +is very similar to + +Thinophilus minor + +sp. nov. +, but they have quite a number of different characters. + + +Fig. 54. + +Thinophilus variabilis +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017 + +(Photo: A. Samoh). + + +They share the long ventral bristles on the fore tibia, that are long over the entire length of the tibia in + +T. variabilis + +while only in the apical ¾ in + +minor + +sp. nov. + +T. variabilis + +has a row of rather strong posteroventral bristles on the fore femur that are as long as the femur is wide. + +T. minor + +has only one distinct preapical posteroventral on the fore tibia. If there are a few other posteroventral bristles they are short and fine. In + +T. variabilis + +the fore tibia bears a anterodorsal and a posterodorsal bristle at the basal quarter while in + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +there is only a short dorsal bristle in basal quarter. + + +The male terminalia are similar in both species. Although various morphological features are distinctly different, the NGS barcode of + +T. variabilis + +and + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +are the same. Despite the equal barcodes, I consider them as two different species. It is the first case in a sample of more + + +Fig. 55. + +Thinophilus yeoi + +sp. nov. +, male habitus. + + +Fig. 57. + +Thinophilus yeoi + +sp. nov. +: Phenology during a 2-year survey (MIP). + + + + +Etymology. +The present species is dedicated to the late K.L. Yeo, who accompanied and helped us every week in the field collecting of the Malaise traps samples during the whole year of our sabbatical stay in +Singapore +in 2005. + + +Fig. 56. + +Thinophilus yeoi + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Detail of tip epandrium and epandrial lobe; B, Epandrium ventrally; C, Epandrium and cercus laterally; D, Cerci dorsally. + +than 200 dolichopodid species in Southeast Asia where the non-genitalic morphology of two species is distinct, while their male terminalia and DNA barcodes are similar but not congruent with the morphology. + + + +Distribution. +Very common in southern +Thailand +. Not found yet in +Singapore +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD1FFE16027F16EFA0E463B.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD1FFE16027F16EFA0E463B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3b005047638 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD1FFE16027F16EFA0E463B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,423 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus simplex + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 44–47) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male, +SINGAPORE +, +Sungei Buloh +, mangrove, + +27 November 2003 + +(sample 23090, leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +. +Paratypes +: +1 male +of same provenance as +holotype +; + +1 male +, + +Sungei Buloh + +, + +9 December 2002 + +(sample 22057, leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +. + +2 males +, +4 females +, +Pulau Ubin +( +Singapore +), +Chek Jawa +, + +2 December 2003 + +, +Malaise trap +in mangrove (sample 23097; leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +, mangrove, + +11 May 2005 + +, (reg. 25159, +Si +809, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 females +, mangrove, + +11 May 2005 + +, (reg. 25159, +Si +1672, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, mangrove, + +1 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25166, +Si +1415, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +1 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25165, +Si +1460, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, +1 female +, mangrove, + +10 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25167, +Si +1245, leg. +PG +) + +; + +5 males +, +3 females +, mangrove, + +6 July 2005 + +, (reg. 25199, +Si +878, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, mangrove, + +15 July 2005 + +, (reg. 25262, +Si +1789, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 females +, mangrove, + +16 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25354, +Si +1187, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +14 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25394, +Si +1703, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, +1 female +, + +Pulau Ubin + +, +Chek Jawa +, mangrove, + +2 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23097, +Si +116, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 females +, mangrove, + +11 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23119, +Si +137, leg. +PG +) + +; + +10 males +, +14 females +, mangrove, + +26 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25031, +Si +534, leg. +PG +) + +; + +4 males +, females, mangrove, + +12 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25343, +Si +1044, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +3 females +, mangrove, + +12 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25342, +Si +1045, leg. +PG +) + +; + +7 males +, +1 female +, mangrove, + +11 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25380, +Si +1083, leg. +PG +) + +; + +11 males +, +14 females +, mangrove, + +26 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25399, +Si +1139, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +4 females +, mangrove, + +22 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25456, +Si +1376, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, mangrove, + +30 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25474, +Si +1439, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +1 female +, mangrove, + +30 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25475, +Si +1443, leg. +PG +) + +. + + +More records are given in Annex 1. Fig. 45. + +Thinophilus simplex + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Antenna; B, Fore coxa, femur, and tibia; C, Fore tarsomeres. + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the simplicity of the bristling of the legs, more precisely all femora lack distinct ventral bristles. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized species with yellow palpus; antennae yellow; only tip brownish and lateral rim of second segment; third antennal segment higher than long, with a small apical tip; arista subapical; all coxae black, legs further yellow. All femora lacking distinct ventral bristles. Fore tibia with a short anterodorsal only. 5 dc (4 almost equally long, anterior most small). Genital capsule brown, cerci yellow. + + +Male. +(Fig. 44) Body length 3.0– +3.5 mm +; wing length +2.78–3.02 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face below middle, as wide as depth of third antennal segment. Epistoma a little concave above middle, with a deep concavity above clypeus. Clypeus protruding, about 1/3 length of epistoma, below broader than long. Palpus yellow with black bristly hairs. Rostrum large (a third of height of eye) dark brown with white hairs. Postcranium shining dark metallic green. 2 long, diverging ocellars; 2 long (only slightly) shorter, converging verticals, pointing forward; 2 small postocellars (not minute like in species 1); 2 distinct postverticals, longer than upper postoculars. All postoculars black and uniseriate, longer below and there with a few additional black long hairs behind them. + + +Antenna +yellow, with extreme tip of third segment brown. Lateral margin of second segment black; with long dorsal and ventral bristles. Third segment higher than long, apically + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD2FFFD6242F459FA0E4BEE.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD2FFFD6242F459FA0E4BEE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8f4c38dd2e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD2FFFD6242F459FA0E4BEE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus spinatus +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017 + + + + +(Fig. 50) + + + + + + +Thinophilus spinatus +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017: 25 + + +(Figs. 25–30). + + + + + +Material examined. + +SINGAPORE +: +1 female +, Sarimbun (SR3), mangrove, + +21 May 2014 + +(leg. +J. Puniamoorthy +, +Lee Kong Chian Natural History +Museum, +Singapore +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A medium-sized ( +4.3 mm +), slender-legged species with yellow legs, but fore coxa black except for apical third. The femora are spindle-shaped and the fore femur in male as well as in female bear long, brown spine-like ventral bristles. + + +RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY +2018 + + +Fig. 50. + +Thinophilus spinatus +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017 + +male habitus (Photo: A. Samoh). + + + + +Etymology. +The specific epithet refers to the ventral bristles on the fore femur that are present in both male and female. + + + + +Remarks. +There are two slender-legged species in Southeast Asia with brown spine-like bristles on the fore leg: + +Thinophilus spinatus +Samoh et al., 2017 + +and + +T. spinatoides +Samoh et al., 2017 + +. How to distinguish them can be found in the key and in the following comments. + + + +Thinophilus spinatoides + +is particular in that the basal quarter of the fore femur is much spindle-shaped dilated. It is less dilated in + +T. spinatus + +. The fore tibia is much longer than the fore femur; it is shorter in + +T. spinatus + +. The fore tibia is slender and without anterodorsal bristles in the male, but present in the female; the fore tibia is stouter and with 2 long anterodorsals in + +T. spinatus +. + +The fore tarsomere 3 is contrastingly yellowish white, while tarsomeres 4 and 5 are broadened and black. In + +T. spinatus + +the fore tarsomere 3 has the same pale yellowish colour as tarsomeres 1 and 2 and tarsomeres 4 and 5 are black but not broadened. Only the base of the fore coxa is brown in + +T. spinatoides + +while the basal 2/3 of the fore coxa is brown in + +T. spinatus + +. The lower postocular bristles are yellow in + +T. spinatoides + +while black in + +T. spinatus + +. In + +T. spinatoides + +the anal vein is distinct in the basal 2/3 while not distinct at all in + +T. spinatus + +. + + + + +Distribution. +Southern +Thailand +(Andaman Sea), +Singapore +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD3FFE262BDF1CFFBA2484C.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD3FFE262BDF1CFFBA2484C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dc58fbc5521 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD3FFE262BDF1CFFBA2484C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus singaporensis + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 48, 49) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +Male. +SINGAPORE +: +Nee Soon +( +1°22′57.01″N +103°48′52.82″), marsh, + +3 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23101, Si271, leg. +PG +). + + + +Paratypes +: +1 male +, same provenance as holotyp; + +1 male +, +2 females +, Nee Soon, swamp forest, + +3 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23101, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, Nee Soon, swamp forest, + +9 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25005, Si396, leg. +PG +) + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the +type +locality +Singapore +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Large species ( +5 mm +). No ventral bristles on fore femur; a double row of long ventrals on mid femur. + + +Male. +Head +. Face not very wide, as wide as third antennal segment is wide. Clypeus protruding. A pair of long, strong ocellars, verticals shorter. A pair of postvertical about 1/3 length of ocellar. Postoculars uniseriate and black above, white below (favoris white, rather short). + + +Antenna +(Fig. 48A) First antennal segment brown above, paler below; second segment completely black; third antennal segment brown in dorsal half, yellow below. Palpus yellow with short black bristles. + + +Thorax +coppery green in ground-colour (probably no dull black spots on mesonotum). Hairs and bristles black. No acr. 5 dc, anterior 4 short, prescutellar long (nearly 3 times as long as the anterior dc). a pair of long marginal scutellars. A fine humeral, posthumeral longer but still finer, a strong notopleural. + + +Fig. 48. + +Thinophilus singaporensis + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Antenna; B, Mid femur. + + +Legs +yellow, but posterior four coxae black, fore coxae yellow with brown base. Fore trochanter yellow with a brow dorsal patch. Mid and hind trochanters pale brown. Tip of fore tibia brown. Apical tarsomere of all legs completely brown. + + +Fore leg. +Coxa anteriorly with a weak, black bristle and some minute pale hairs; a row of long black bristles at tip. Femur without ventral bristles, but a row of black pv, very short near base but growing longer toward tip of femur, longest as long as femur is wide. Tibia with 1 ad and 1 pd in basal quarter, 1 ad and 1 pd in apical third. Tarsomere 1 ventrally with a double row of spiny bristles. + + +Mid leg. +Coxa with short anterior bristles and a weak exterior. Mid femur with a double row of ventral bristles; posterior row short in basal half (not as long as femur is wide), long in apical half (twice as long as femur is wide). Tibia with a short ad on basal fifth, a short pd slightly before basal fifth, a pd near basal third, a minute pv near basal quarter and a short one at apical quarter; a crown of strong preapical bristles. + + +Hind leg. +Coxa with a weak external. Femur without ventrals, but with 2 anterior bristles near middle and an ad near tip. Tibia with 5 short dorsals, a strong pd at apical quarter and a crown of strong preapicals; a row of short ventral bristles in basal half, nearly as long as tibia is wide. + + +Wing +brownish grey with black veins. Vein R +4+5 +slightly converging to M +1+2 +, but ending parallel in costa. Apical part of M +3+4 +almost 1.5 times longer than tp. Anal vein not reaching wing border. Haltere white. Squama white with long pale cilia. + + +Abdomen +shining metallic green. Tergites covered with short black bristles. First tergite with long marginals, following tergites with short marginals. Sternites without hairs except for the apical border of sternite 4, there a row of short spinulose bristles. + +Terminalia (Fig. 49). Cercus brown, with brown hairs. Surstylus black with a number of apical spinules. + +Female. +Similar to male but lacking the long ventral bristles on the mid femur. + + +Fig. 49. + +Thinophilus singaporensis + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Details of tip epandrium and epandrial lobe; B, Epandrium ventrally; C, Epandrium and cercus laterally. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus singaporensis + +sp. nov. +should be compared with + +T. nitens +Grootaert & Meuffels + +that has the fore femur with a row of ventral bristles in basal half, being nearly as long as femur is deep but shorter ventral bristles in mid femur. + +T. singaporensis + +sp. nov. +has no ventral bristles on the fore femur but very long ventral bristles on the mid femur. In addition, + +T. singaporensis + +sp. nov. +has the fore coxa anteriorly with a weak, black bristle and some minute pale hairs. In + +T. nitens + +the fore coxa bears long white hairs and a black bristle anteriorly. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD5FFE161F7F46EFF314D3A.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD5FFE161F7F46EFF314D3A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0caf2e9db7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD5FFE161F7F46EFF314D3A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,620 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 41, 42) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +Male. +SINGAPORE +, +Sungei Buloh Wetland reserve +(SB1), + +18 September 2013 + +, (reg. 30150, Ma5873; +ZRC +_ +BDP00004499 +). + + + + +Paratypes +: +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh Wetland reserve +(SB1), same provenance as +holotype +, ( +ZRC +_ +BDP00004539 +) + +. + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh Wetland reserve +(SB1), + +13 August 2013 + +(reg. 30086; +ZRC +_ +BDP00004500 +(specimen lost after sequencing) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB2), + +3 July 2013 + +( +ZRCBDP0117694 +) + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB1), + +23 January 2013 + +( +ZRCBDP0120000 +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB1), + +7 July 2013 + +( +ZRCBDP0095272 +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh Fig. +41. + +Thinophilus puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +holotype +male. A, +Epandrium +ventrally; B, +Epandrium +and cercus laterally; C, +Cerci +dorsally. +Scale += +0.1 mm + +. + + +(SB1), +13 August 2013 +; +1 female +, + +Sungei Buloh (SB1), + +30 October 2013 + +( +ZRCBDP0094304 +); +1 female + +, + +Sungei Buloh (SB07), + +16 May 2016 + +( +ZRCBDP0082414 +); +1 male + +, + +Sungei Buloh (SB08), + +14 March 2016 + +( +ZRCBDP0082618 +) + +. + + + + +Etymology. +This species is dedicated to Jayanthi Puniamoorthy (NUS) who coordinated the 2-year sampling campaign of the Mangrove Insect Project. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized species with yellow palpus; antennae yellow; third antennal segment higher than long, with a small apical tip; arista subapical; fore coxa anteriorly brownish, laterally more yellowish, posterior four coxae black, legs further yellow but apical tarsomere of all legs brown. Mid femur with 2 pairs of ventral bristles at base, most basal one twice as long as femur is wide. Fore tibia with a short anterodorsal only. Five dc (4 almost equally long). Genital capsule brown, cerci whitish. + + +Male. +(Fig. 40) Body length +2.5 mm +; wing length +2.5 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with dark metallic green ground colour. Face below middle, as wide as depth of third antennal segment. Palpus yellow with black bristly hairs. Rostrum large, dark brown with white hairs. Postcranium shining dark metallic green. 2 long diverging ocellars; 2 shorter converging verticals, pointing forward; 2 distinct postverticals. Postoculars above black and uniseriate, longer below and whitish with a few additional white long hairs behind them. + + +Antenna +yellow, with extreme tip of third segment brown. Lateral margin of second segment black; with long dorsal and ventral bristles. Third segment higher than long, apically blunt with a minute apical tip. Arista subapical, 2.5–3 times as long as antenna, black, shortly pubescent; basal aristal segment short, black. + + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green; no dull black spots. No acr; 4 almost equally long dc, preceded by a short bristle. Scutellum with 2 marginals, with a minute lateral hair at outer side. 5 upper and 3 lower white propleural bristles. + + +Legs +yellow with black hairs and bristles, but all coxae black, extreme tips paler brownish. Fore coxa however paler brown at side. Apical tarsomeres of all legs brown. + + +Fore leg +. Coxa anteriorly on basal half with minute black bristles; on apical half some black bristles as wide as coxa; tip of coxa with moderately long bristles. Femur slender, a little thickened in basal third; no ventral bristles, apart from some minute hairs; in basal quarter a row of erect posterior hairs; some short preapical pv; at least 3 long posterior bristles at base and some long posterior preapicals. Tibia with a short bristle on basal third and apical third; ventrally with inconspicuous bristles. Tarsomeres with a pair of weak apical bristles. + + +Mid leg +. Coxa with a long black exterior bristle nearly as long as coxa, and rather short bristles anteriorly. Femur thickened in basal two thirds, nearly as wide as fore femur. Anteriorly with a long preapical and a row of 4 posteroventrals near tip. Ventrally near base 4 bristles with most basal bristle longer than femur is wide, others shorter. Tibia with 1 strong ad, pd near middle and some apicals. Tarsomeres with distinct apical bristles. + + +Hind leg +. Coxa with a long, black exterior bristle (shorter than on mid tibia). Hind femur stouter than mid femur. An anterodorsal bristle on apical quarter and an anterior near middle; preapically a short anteroventral and posteroventral. Ventral hairs minute. Tibia with 2 dorsal (pd) and a longer ad near middle A crown of strong apical bristles. + + +Wing +feebly brownish tinged, without darker shades. Veins brownish, paler near base. Apical part of M +1+2 +practically straight; Apical part of M +3+4 +1.5 times as long as tp. Anal vein dark brown at its base, indicated for a little more than half its length. Halteres white. Squama white, with pale cilia. + + +Abdomen +with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat longer marginals. Sternite 1 not sclerotised, lacking bristles. Sternites 2–4 with fine hairs. Male terminalia as in Fig. 41. Cercus whitish, epandrium with base of surstyli brown. + + +Female. +Unknown. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +was originally not recognised among the more than 2,000 specimens of + +T. simplex + +sp. nov. +that were recorded during the MIP mangrove survey in +Singapore +. It has the same size and weakly bristled legs. The fore coxae being not entirely black was considered as variability. The four fine, but distinct bristles at the base of the mid femur were overlooked in the new species. The species became apparent only when +3 specimens +originally identified as + +T. simplex + +appeared in a different NGS barcode cluster which was confirmed morphologically. + +T. simplex + +sp. nov. +has completely black fore coxae and no bristles at the base of the mid femur. The tip of the postpedicel has a brown rim in lateral view in + +T. simplex + +sp. nov. +, while the postpedicel is completely yellow in + +T. puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +Both species are sympatric. + + + +T. puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +is also very similar to + +T. peninsularis +Parent, 1935 + +. The latter with a body size of only +2 mm +is even smaller than + +T. puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +It has also all apical tarsomeres brown, but the tarsomere 1 (protarse of +Parent, 1935 +) of the fore leg is as long as following tarsomeres together and the fore tarsus is longer than the fore tibia. In + +T. puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +tarsomere 1 is shorter than the following tarsomeres together and the fore tarsus is as long as the fore tibia. Mid tarsomere +1 in + +T. peninsularis + +is also as long as the following tarsomeres, but shorter in + +T. puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +The most distinctive feature is the presence of a number of long ventral bristles at the base of the mid femur. Although there are a few longer bristles in + +T. peninsularis + +, they are not so long as in + +T. +puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. + + + +Thinophilus setiventris +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001 + +(Figs. 42, 43) + + + + + + + +Thinophilus setiventris +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001: 344 + + +(Figs. 13–16). + +Type +locality: +Thailand +, +Ranong province +, +Wat Tapo Taram + +. + + + + + + +Material +examined. + + +SINGAPORE +, +1 female +, + +Clementi +woods + +, drains, + +6 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25002, Si363, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 males +, +4 females +, +Clementi +woods, drains, + +23 April 2005 + +, (reg. 25084, Si748, leg. +PG +) + +; + +7 males +, +12 females +, +Clementi +woods, drains, + +25 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25182, Si847, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +1 female +, + +Pulau Ubin + +, fresh water pools, + +12 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25340, Si1033, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +, mangrove, + +25 May 2005 + +, (reg. 25163, Si1210, leg. +PG +) + +; + +9 males +, +8 females +, +HortPark +, + +23 November 2017 + +, lawn in park (Mal.) + +. + + + +SMIP +& +MIP +material + +: + +1 male +, + +Sarimbun +, SR + +1, mangrove, + +25 June 2014 + +(reg. 30548, +Si +2621, +Mal. +) + +; + +1 male +, + +Semakau + +new, SMN1, mangrove, + +10 January 2013 + +(reg. 29677, +Ma +2330, +Mal. +) + +; +2 females +, Semakau new, SMN1, mangrove, + + +Fig. 42. + +Thinophilus setiventris +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001 + +, male habitus. +7 February 2013 +(reg. 29729, Ma3330, Mal.); +1 female +, Semakau new, SMN2, mangrove, +17 January 2013 +(reg. 29691, Ma2377, Mal.). + + + +MALAYSIA +, +1 male +, +1 female +, +Tanjung Leman +, +Mersing District +, +Johor +, + +23 December 2005 + +(reg. 25460; +Si +1354; leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +. + + +Fig. 43. + +Thinophilus setiventris +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001 + +, male terminalia. Epandrium and cercus laterally. Scale = +0.1 mm +. + + +Fig. 44. + +Thinophilus simplex + +sp. nov. +, male habitus. +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized, green metallic species with dull black spots on mesoscutum. Palpus, antennae and fore coxae yellow. Wing with grey spots on apical third of +R +4+5 +, on wing boss and on Tp. Third sternite in male with a cluster of long, black hairs. + + +Bionomics. +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001 +described this species as being a marine species since it was originally found in a riverbed close to the sea. I have now evidence that it is a fresh water species. In +Singapore +I never found it in the mangroves, or it was in areas with fresh water. It seems to be an anthropogenic species since it is often observed in man-constructed habitats such as the rain water drains running through parks in +Singapore +. There it is often observed in the company of + +Tachytrechus tessellatus + +. Several times it was found in large numbers after heavy rain fall in a prairie and a lawn in a park where normally no water bodies are present. + +Males were often observed with Laboulbeniales on the sternites. + +Phenology. +Active the whole year round. + + + + +Distribution. +Thailand +( +Ranong prov. +), +Malaysia +and +Singapore +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD8FFE56291F4DFFDC8483A.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD8FFE56291F4DFFDC8483A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f338ac3043c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD8FFE56291F4DFFDC8483A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus peninsularis +Parent, 1935 + + + + +(Fig. 39) + + + + + + +Thinophilus peninsularis +Parent, 1935: 211 + + +(fig. 32: wing). + +Type +locality: +Malaysia +: +Port Dickson +, +Telok Kemang + +. + + + + + +Type material: + +The +holotype +male was not seen by the author but figured by Duncan Sivell ( +NHM +, London). The specimen was in fairly good condition, though only the basal half of a single wing was present + +. + + +RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY +2018 + + +Fig. 39. + +Thinophilus peninsularis +Parent, 1935 + +. A, Habitus male +holotype +; B, Frontal view head; C, Original labels. (Photo: Duncan Sivell). + + + +MALAYSIA +: +Malay Peninsula +, +Negeri Sembilan +, +Telok Kemang +near +Port Dickson +, + +29 November 1926 + +. +H.M. Pendlebury + +. + +Note: Pantai Teluk Kemang is the largest and most popular beach of Port Dickson. + + + +Diagnosis. +A small species (body +2mm +) belonging to the simplex-group. Yellow antenna, with a dorso-apical black arista. Fore coxa with basal ¾ black, apex yellowish; posterior four coxae black. + + +Male. +(Fig. 39) +Head +. Frons metallic purplish blue; frons metallic green in ground-colour (Fig. 39B). Ocellar bristles long, vertical bristles a little shorter. According to Parent (l.c.) the whiskers (favoris: lower postocular bristles) are yellowish. Palpus yellow with a few black bristly hairs. Proboscis brownish black. + + +Antenna +yellow with rounded third segment. Arista black. + + +Thorax +with a brownish purple ground-colour. 5 dc but the anterior most dc very small. 2 short black propleural bristles. +Legs +yellow but fore coxa with basal ¾ black, apex yellowish; posterior four coxae black. Only apical tarsomere black according to +Parent (1935) +, faintly visible on Fig. +39 in +this paper. + +Fore leg. Coxa with a few (1 to 2) longer bristles among the anterior bristles and a row of long apicals. Femur with a row of short ventral bristles and a row of longer posteroventrals. A strong preapical pv. Tibia with a dorsal bristle on basal quarter; ventrally lacking distinct bristles. Tarsus longer than tibia. Tarsomere 1 as long as following tarsomeres together. +Mid leg. Femur with a preapical. Tibia with two ad and 2 pd. Tarsus as long as tibia. Tarsomere 1 as long as following tarsomeres together. +Hind leg. Femur with a preapical. Tibia with two ad and 2pd. Tarsus a little shorter than tibia. Tarsomere 1 shorter than following tarsomeres together. + +Wing +lacking spots with a dusky wing membrane and black veins. + + +Fig. 40. + +Thinophilus puniamoorthyae + +sp. nov. +holotype +male habitus (Photo: Kai Qing Chin). Specimen with NGS barcode and illustrated male terminalia. + + +Abdomen +with a brownish purple ground-colour. Terminalia small, cerci narrow, almost filiform according to Parent. + + +Female. +Resembling male. + + + + +Remarks. +The above description is based on the French description of +Parent (1935) +and the images made of the +holotype +. + + +The male terminalia of + +Thinophilus peninsularis +Parent + +were intentionally not dissected since I do not master the technique to extract and handle ancient DNA. In the near future this might be possible. Therefore, I rely only on the morphology to distinguish this species from related species in the + +simplex + +-group. + + + +Thinophilus peninsularis + +lacks the row of long ventral bristles on the fore tibia and so is not identical to + +T. variabilis +Samoh et al., 2017 + +and + +T. minor + +sp. nov. + +T. peninsularis + +should be compared with + +Thinophilus minutus +Samoh et al., 2017 + +that is quite unique among the + +Thinophilus + +by having only a few distinct bristles on the legs. Only mid and hind femora have distinctly longer ventral bristles. It is sympatric with + +T. peninsularis +Parent, 1935 + +, which also exhibits few distinct characters on the legs. It has however a dorsal bristle on the basal quarter of the fore tibia, lacking in + +T. minutus + +. Furthermore, it has the fore coxa darkened on basal two thirds and the apical tarsomere darkened as well. Fore coxa and even the apical tarsomere of all legs are yellow in + +T. minutus + +. Finally, in + +T. peninsularis + +the first tarsomere of the fore leg is as long as the following tarsomeres together while in + +T. minutus + +the first tarsomere is half as long as the following four tarsomeres together. A similarity is that in both species the wing is brownish tinged. In + +T. minutus + +the Tp and M are brownish seamed. + + + +Thinophilus peninsularis + +should also be compared with + +T. dongae +Grootaert et al., 2015 + +known from southern +China +. The latter species has also yellow fore coxae, no ventral bristles on fore femur, no ventral spinules or bristles on fore tibia. It has however the apical tarsomere of all legs black and mid and hind femora without ventral bristles. + + + + +Distribution. +Peninsular +Malaysia +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD8FFE86180F6F8FB0F48CB.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD8FFE86180F6F8FB0F48CB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..61ec2f11b24 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFD8FFE86180F6F8FB0F48CB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus parvulus +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017 + + + + +(Fig. 38) + + + + + + +Thinophilus parvulus +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017: 20 + + +(Figs. 21–24). + + + + + +Material examined +. + +MALAYSIA +, +Langkawi +, +Burau Bay +, +1 male +, + +1 September 2005 + +, ( +Tio +154, leg. + +I. +Van de Velde + +), on sandy beach + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A small species ( +1.8 mm +) remarkable in having the fore tibia bearing a short and a long black posterodorsal bristle in the basal quarter of the tibia. The yellow fore coxa (a little brownish at extreme base) bears only minute white hairs. Fore femur anteroventrally and posteroventrally with very long white bristles in apical half. Fore tibia with some fine brown bristles in basal half that are longer than tibia is wide. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus parvulus + +is originally described from +Pattani province +in the South of +Thailand +along the South +China +Sea. The male from Langkawi (Andaman Sea) that reported here, is the second record of the species. + + +Here I point to a few additional notes to the original description. The fore tibia bears ventrally in the basal quarter a double row of fine brownish bristles that are longer than the tibia is wide. The bristles become shorter in the second basal quarter and minute towards the tip. This character may have been overlooked during the description and it is not visible on the picture in the original description. These long ventral bristles are similar to those of + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +and + +T. variabilis +Samoh et al., 2017 + +. Secondly, the hind femur bears a double row of ventral bristles where in the anterior ventral row the bristles point towards the tip of the femur. The bristles in the posterior ventral row are pointing downward and the bristles are longest near the middle of the femur. These characteristics are visible on the picture in the original description but not mentioned as such in the text. Nevertheless, I consider the specimens to be conspecific. + + + + +Distribution. +Thailand +: +Pattani +(Gulf of +Thailand +) and +Malaysia +: Langkawi (Andaman Sea). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFDFFFE9601BF576FB0949F3.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFDFFFE9601BF576FB0949F3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6cf7d290b3f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFDFFFE9601BF576FB0949F3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,417 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus pallitarsis + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 34–36) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male, +SINGAPORE +, +Lim Chu Kang +, mangrove, + +26 November 2003 + +(sample 23089, leg. +PG +). + + + + +Paratypes +: +1 male +, +Lim Chu Kang +, + +9 December 2002 + +(sample 22056, leg. +PG +) + +. + +1 male +, +Pasir Ris +, + +4 December 2003 + +, beach, mangrove (sample 23106, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 males +, +Sungei Buloh +, + +22 June 2005 + +, sweeping ( +Si +799, leg. +PG +) + +, + +material sequenced by + +Lim et al. + +2010 + + +in GenBank. + + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the pale tarsi ( +pallere +: Latin: to be pale; Greek +tarsos +: foot). + + + + +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized species with antennae ventrally yellow, dorsally brownish black; third antennal segment as long as high with a blunt tip; fore coxa yellow, but base darkened; posterior coxae black. Legs yellow, but hind trochanters brown and all tarsi pale yellow in contrast to the yellow tibiae. Articulations of the tarsomeres brown so that each tarsomere has a dark spot at its tip. All femora with ventral bristles (nearly as long as femur is wide). Fore tibia with a row of long ventral bristles, longest in the basal half. 5 almost equally long dc, preceded by a short bristle. Cerci black. + + +Male. +(Fig. 34). Body length +2.9–3.1 mm +; wing length +2.55–2.7 mm +. + + +Legs +yellow with black hairs and bristles. Fore coxa yellow, but base darkened (Fig. 34); hind and mid coxae black. Tip of mid tibia and hind trochanter brown. All tarsi pale yellow in contrast to the yellow tibiae. Joints of tarsomeres brown so that the tarsomeres seem to have a brown tip. Apical two tarsomeres of hind leg brown. + + +Fore leg +. (Fig. 35F) Coxa anteriorly with about 10 long black bristles with curved tip, the bristles are a little shorter near tip of coxa. At tip a row of short, bent bristles. Femur thickened in basal half and gently narrowing towards tip; ventrally in basal half with a row of bristles as long as femur is deep; more posteroventrally a row of long bristles extending over the entire length of the femur. Tibia shorter than femur, bearing a short black pd bristle beyond its middle; ventrally with a row of long bristles, longest in basal half. Tarsomeres ventrally without bristling, but with a pair of apical bristles. + + +Mid leg +. Coxa with a long exterior bristle, and numerous bristles at its tip and anteriorly. Femur (Fig. 35B) thickened in basal half, narrowing more abruptly in apical half; ventrally in basal 2/3 with a row of black bristles that are longer than femur is wide. Posteroventrally with only short bristles, becoming more prominent near tip. Mid tibia longer than femur; with 2 ad, 2 pd and a circlet of apical bristles. Fig. 36. + +Thinophilus pallitarsis + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Details of tip epandrium and epandrial lobe; B, Epandrium and cercus laterally; C, Epandrium ventrally; D, Cerci dorsally. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face below middle, narrower than depth of third antennal segment. Clypeus nearly half as long as epistoma, slightly broader than long, protruding. Palpus yellow to brownish at base, bearing few black bristly hairs. Rostrum large, dark brown with pale hairs. Postcranium shining dark metallic green. 2 long, diverging ocellars; 2 shorter, converging verticals, pointing forward; 2 minute postocellars; 2 postverticals, as long as upper postoculars. Upper postoculars uniseriate, black; lower postoculars uniseriate, white, with a few long hairs behind them. + + +Antenna +yellow, dorsally brown. Dorsal margin of second segment black with black dorsal and ventral bristles. Third segment about as long as high, with a blunt apical point. Arista subapical, 2–2.5 times as long as antenna, black, very shortly pubescent; basal aristal segment very short, black. + + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green; no dull black spots. No acr; 5 almost equally long dc, preceded by a short bristle. Scutellum with 2 marginals, with a short lateral hairs at outer side. 2 upper (1 long, one short) and 5 lower white propleural bristles. + + +Hind leg +. Coxa with a long, black exterior bristle (shorter than on mid tibia). Hind femur (Fig. 35C) stouter than mid femur, basally thickened and gently becoming more slender towards tip. A row of ventral bristles, short near base but becoming longer towards tip, there longer than femur is wide; anteroventrally near middle also some long bristles. Near middle with a short distinct anterior, on apical quarter a dorsal bristle. Tibia with 2 short ad, 2 d and a circlet of apical bristles. + + +Wing +feebly brownish tinged, without darker shades. Veins brownish, paler near base. Apical part of M +1+2 +practically straight; tip of R +4+5 +slightly converging with M +1+2 +. Tp straight, nearly as long as apical part of M +3+4 +. Anal vein indicated by a short brown streak. Haltere white. Squama white, with white cilia. + + +Abdomen +shining dark metallic green; tergites with short black hairs and hind-marginal bristles on tergites longer. All sternites with black bristles. Terminalia as in Fig. 36. Epandrium dark brown; cerci black, with black hairs, dorsally fused only near middle. + + +Female. +Unknown. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus pallitarsis + +has pale yellow tarsi, but do not always have the tip darkened. It has a row of long ventral bristles on the basal half of the fore tibia only. This character is found in the smaller species + +T. parvulus +Samoh et al., 2017 + +as well, but the latter has very long white bristles on the fore femur. In + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +and + +T. variabilis + +the ventral bristles on the fore tibia are longest in the apical half of the tibia. + + +Fig. 37. + +Thinophilus parmatus +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001 + +, male habitus. (Photo: Maosheng Foo). + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +. + + + +Thinophilus parmatus +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001 + +(Fig. 37) + + + + + + + +Thinophilus parmatus +Grootaert & Meuffels, 2001: 347 + + +(Figs. 21–26). + +Type +locality: +Thailand +, +Phang-Nga province +, +Takua Pa + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + +SINGAPORE +. +1 male +, +Pulau Ubin +, +Chek Jawa +, mangrove, + +26 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25031, Si532, leg. +PG +) + +; + +6 males +, mangrove, + +12 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25343, Si1036, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 females +, mangrove, + +11 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25380, Si1085, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, mangrove, + +11 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25380, Si1091, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, mangrove, + +11 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25382, Si1093, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, mangrove, + +26 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25399, Si1142, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +26 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25339, Si1764, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +22 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25456, Si1378, leg. +PG +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Small species with yellow antenna and all coxae black. Legs variable in colour from yellowish brown to brown. Male mid tarsus with tarsomere 2 with a black dorsal rounded lobe, tarsomere 3 less widened and contrastingly pale. Fore femur with very short ventral bristles, except for 1 longer at base; mid femur with about 4–5 fine bristles at base, hind femur with some long ventral bristles, in apical third several bristles that are longer than femur is wide. Tip of mid tibia without a row of long curved bristles. Cerci yellowish brown, medially fused. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus parmatoides +Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2017 + +is a closely related species described recently from peninsular +Thailand +and similar to + +T. parmatus + +in having a black shield-like protuberance on tarsomere 2 of the mid leg. There are a few black bristles at the base of the fore femur, a thick tuft of black bristles at the base of the mid femur, long hair-like bristles on the tip of the mid tibia and only short ventral bristles on the hind femur. In + +T. parmatus + +, there is a single long bristle at the base of the fore femur, mid femur with only 4 thin bristles at base and the hind femur with longer bristles in apical half. The shield on tarsomere 2 of the mid leg is rounded in + +T. parmatoides + +while elongated in + +T. parmatus +. + +The shape of the male genitalia is very similar in both species. + + + + +Distribution. +Southern +Thailand +(Phang-Nga prov., +Trang prov. +) and +Singapore +(Pulau Ubin). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFE1FFD061ABF14EFEC9465C.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFE1FFD061ABF14EFEC9465C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0d5704b5021 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFE1FFD061ABF14EFEC9465C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,466 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus murphyi +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 + + + + +(Figs. 27–29) + + + + + + +Thinophilus murphyi +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002: 306 + + +(Figs. 12–16). + +Type +locality: +Singapore +, +Mandai +mangrove + +. + + + +Fig. 28. + +Thinophilus murphyi +Evenhuis & Grootaert + +male terminalia (after +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 +). A, Epandrium ventrally; B, Epandrium laterally; C, Cerci dorsally. Scale = +0.1 mm +. + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +male and +1 paratype male +from +SINGAPORE +, +Mandai +mangrove, + +9 October 2000 + +, (20036, leg. +P. Grootaert +& +N. Evenhuis +, +holotype +in +ZRC +, +paratypes +in +RBINS +). Other +paratypes +. +SINGAPORE +: +1 male +, +1 female +, Mandai jetty, mudflats, + +9 October 2000 + +(leg. +P. Grootaert +& +N. Evenhuis +, +BPBM +). +MALAYSIA +: Kota Tinggi: +7 males +, +15 females +, +Sedili +kecil, low tide, + +11.X.2000 + +(20046, leg. +P. Grootaert +& +N. Evenhuis +, +RBINS +, +BPBM +). + + + + +Additional +material. + + + +SINGAPORE +: + +3 males +, +4 females +, + +Chek Jawa + +, mangrove, + +2 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23096, Si268, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +5 females +, mangrove, + +26 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25031, Si531, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 males +, +1 female +, mangrove, + +12-Sep-2005 + +, (reg. 25342, Si1046, leg. +PG +) + +; + +15 males +, mangrove, + +22 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25455, Si1383, leg. +PG +) + +; + +18 females +, mangrove, + +22 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25455, Si1384, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, + +Lim Chu Kang + +, mangrove, + +26 November 2003 + +, (reg. 23089, Si257, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 females +, + +Pasir Ris + +, mangrove, + +4 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23106, Si52, leg. +PG +) + +; + +12 males +, + +Semakau Island + +, mangrove, + +10 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25009, Si407, leg. +PG +) + +; + +7 females +, mangrove, + +10 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25009, Si408, leg. +PG +) + +; + +7 males +, +4 females +, beach, + +26 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25184, Si841, leg. +PG +) + +; + +12 males +, +14 females +, + +Sungei Buloh + +, mangrove, + +27 November 2003 + +, (reg. 23090, Si183, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25035, Si541, leg. +PG +) + +; + +11 females +, mangrove, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25035, Si542, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +27 April 2005 + +, (reg. 25096, Si1236, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +18 May 2005 + +, (reg. 25161, Si1194, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 females +, mangrove, + +10 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25168, Si1301, leg. +PG +) + +; + +4 males +, +8 females +, mangrove, + +22 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25122, Si796, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, mangrove, +Fig. +29. + +Thinophilus murphyi +Evenhuis & Grootaert + +: +Phenology +during a 2-year survey ( +MIP +) + +. + + + + +26 August 2005 + +, (reg. 25321, Si1022, leg. +PG +); +1 female + +, mangrove, + + +14 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25393, Si1272, leg. +PG +) + +. + + +More records from the +SMIP +and +MIP +campaign are given in Annex 1. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Robust, medium-sized species with yellow palpus, antennae ventrally yellowish, and all coxae black. Arista dorsal with a fine, white tip. Fore coxa in male with a protruding hump covered with black bristles. 6 long, subequally long, dc. Mesonotum metallic green without + + +Fig. 30. + +Thinophilus nigrilineatus + +sp. nov. +, habitus male. + +black spots. Wing membrane unspotted. Cerci yellow; medially not fused. + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +, +Malaysia +. + + +Phenology. + +Thinophilus murphyi + +is present throughout the year. It has its peak activity during the Northeast monsoon and is less active during the dryer period from May until August during the Southwest monsoon. + + +Bionomics. + +Thinophilus murphyi + +is mainly found foraging on the mudflats of the front mangrove as well as on sandy/ silty beaches. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFE5FFD1602DF474FDB44D5A.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFE5FFD1602DF474FDB44D5A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..92a6f14d81c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFE5FFD1602DF474FDB44D5A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + +Thinophilus minor + +sp. nov. + + +(Figs. 25, 26) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male, +SINGAPORE +: +Pulau Ubin +( +PU08 +), + +14 April 2016 + +(reg. 4132; Ma9275) NGS barcoded and conserved in ethanol as +ZRCBDP0083837 + +. + +Paratypes +: +SINGAPORE +: +1 male +same provenance as +holotype +( +ZRCBDP0083839 +, +Ma +9275) + +; + +1 female +, +Pulau Ubin +( +PU08 +) + +, + + +7 April 2016 + +( +ZRCBDP0082692 +) + +; + +1 female +, +Pulau Ubin +( +PU08 +) + +, + + +23 March 2016 + +( +ZRCBDP0083658 +, +Ma +9270) + +; + +2 females +, +Pulau Ubin +( +PU08 +) + +, + + +20 April 2016 + +( +ZRCBDP0083825 +, +Ma +9279) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +, + +27.XI.2003 + +(reg. 23090, leg. +P. Grootaert +; MS name sp. 6) + +; + +1 male +, +Padan +mangrove, + +5 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23109, +Si +229, leg. +PG +) + +. + +Rostrum large (a quarter of height of eye) dark brown with white hairs. Postcranium slightly concave, shining dark metallic green. 2 long, diverging ocellars; 2 long (only slightly) shorter, converging verticals, pointing forward; 2 small postocellars pointing forward; 2 distinct postverticals, longer than upper postoculars. All postoculars black and uniseriate, a little longer below and there with a few additional black long hairs behind them. + +Antenna +yellow, but dorsally and with extreme tip of third segment narrowly brown. Inner protuberance of second segment brown, seamed black; outer one yellow with lateral margin black; second segment with dorsal and slightly longer ventral bristles. Third segment higher than long, apically rounded, with a minute pointed tip. Arista subapical, 2.5–3 times as long as antenna, brown, shortly pubescent; basal aristal segment short. + + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green; no dull black spots. No acr; 4 almost equally long dc, preceded by a short bristle. Scutellum with 2 marginals, with a minute lateral hair at outer side. 2 upper and 2–3 lower black propleural bristles (lowest bristle is about as long as fore coxa is wide at base). + + +Legs +yellow with black hairs and bristles. Fore coxa entirely yellow to brown on basal two thirds, mid coxa black, hind coxa rather brownish black, extreme tips paler brownish. All femora slightly brownish dorsally. All tibiae and tarsi with a brown stripe above, paler ventrally. + + +Fore leg. +Coxa with long black bristles anteriorly and apically. Trochanter with a long ventral. Femur swollen in basal third, apically slender. 3–4 long anteroventral bristles in basal quarter and a few preapical posteroventral bristles; the most apical pv is stronger and longer than femur is wide. Tibia (Fig. 26A) with a short dorsal on basal quarter; ventrally on Fig. 25. + +Thinophilus minor + +sp. nov. +habitus +holotype +male ( +ZRCBDP +0083837). (Photo: Kristy Yi Wen Chang). Fig. 26. + +Thinophilus minor + +sp. nov. +male. A, Fore leg anteriorly; B, Epandrium ventrally; C, Cerci dorsally; D, Epandrium and cercus laterally. + +apical two thirds a row of long bristly hairs (about twice as long as tibia is wide). First tarsomere ventrally with spine-like bristles about as long as metatarsus is wide. Following tarsomeres with a pair of apical bristles. + +Mid leg. +Coxa with a long black exterior bristle. Femur swollen in basal half, anteroventrally with 3–4 long bristles in basal half (nearly as long as femur is wide); a strong preapical anterior on apical quarter. Tibia with an ad on basal quarter and a longer ad near middle; 2 pd and a crown of apicals (pd bristle very long). + + +Hind leg. +Coxa with a black exterior bristle. Femur ventrally straight, dorsally swollen in basal half. A strong anterior near middle, a row of ventral bristles, short near base and about half as long as femur is wide near middle. Hind tibia with an ad near middle, 2 pd and a crown of long apicals that are a little shorter than on mid tibia. + + +Wing +brownish tinged, without darker shades. Veins brownish black, hardly paler near base. Apical part of M +1+2 +practically straight; tip of +R +4+5 +slightly converging with M +1+2 +. Wing boss present at about one Tp length from Tp. Apical part of M +3+4 +2 times as long as tp. Anal vein dark brown at its base, indicated for a little more than half its length. Haltere white. Squama white, with pale cilia with a longer brown hair in the row. + + +Abdomen +with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat + + +Fig. 27. + +Thinophilus murphyi +Evenhuis &Grootaert + +male habitus. + +longer marginals (those at side of first tergum longest). Sternum 1 not sclerotised lacking bristles. Sternites 2–4 with long, fine, black hairs (longer than those on tergites). Surstyli and genital capsule pale brownish (Fig. 26B–D); cerci yellowish white, dorsally not fused. + +Female. +Body length +2 mm +. Similar to male in most respects. Bristling on fore coxa is not as dense and long as in male (at most 2–4 anterior bristles that are not as long as coxa is long). Fore, mid and hind femora with only very short ventral bristles. Posterodorsal preapical bristle on fore femur present but shorter than in male. Fore tibia lacking the long ventral bristles. + + + + +Remarks. + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +belongs to a species group where the fore tibia has long ventral bristles on at least the apical 3/4. These bristles are at least 1.5 times as long as tibia is wide. The row of long ventral bristles on the fore tibia is quite unique in + +Thinophilus + +, especially because they are nearly twice as long as tibia is wide. This is a character shared with + +T. variabilis +Samoh et al., 2017 + +. Note that the fore tibia in + +T. variabilis + +has an anterodorsal and a posterodorsal bristle on the basal quarter, which is not in the original description. + + +There is + +Thinophilus lungosetole +Ramos & Grootaert, 2018 + +(in +Ramos et al., 2018 +), a species of about +3 mm +long recorded from +Bohol +Island ( +Philippines +) that is very similar in having 4 dc only and the fore tibia with a row of long ventral bristles. In the latter the bristles are 3 times as long as the tibia is wide while at most twice as long in + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +and + +T. variabilis + +. + + + +Thinophilus variabilis + +is larger than + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +and it has a row of long posteroventrals on the fore femur. This row may be interrupted near the tip, as if one bristle is missing. In addition, it has an anterodorsal and a posterodorsal bristle on the basal quarter of the fore tibia that is not mentioned in the original description. + +T. minor + +has on the fore femur only one stronger posterodorsal preapical bristle and a few weaker bristle near the base, not a row over the entire length. The fore tibia bears only a short dorsal bristle on basal quarter. + + + +Thinophilus minutus +Samoh et al., 2017 + +described from +Thailand +, is another small species with only 4 dc but it has no long ventral bristles on the fore tibia. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +. A very rare species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFEDFFDE62C8F72EFC724DFA.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFEDFFDE62C8F72EFC724DFA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..86e7b6591a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFEDFFDE62C8F72EFC724DFA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,345 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus lenachanae + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 17–19) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male, +SINGAPORE +: +Sungei Buloh +, + +27 November 2003 + +(reg. 23090, leg. +PG +) + +. + +Paratypes +: +1 male +, +2 females +, Sungei Buloh, mangrove, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25035, Si543, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, Sungei Buloh, mangrove, + +27 July 2005 + +, (reg. 25272, Si1293, leg. +PG +) + +. + + + + +MIP2016 + +: +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB4), + +28 March 2016 + +( +Ma +8819, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB04), + +5 April 2016 + + +; + +3 females +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB4), + +11 April 2016 + +( +Ma +8821, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB6), + +18 April 2016 + +( +Ma +8899, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB6), + +30 May 2016 + +( +Ma +8910, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB04), + +27 June 2016 + + +; + +2 males +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB04), + +4 July 2016 + + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB06), + +4 July 2016 + + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB04), + +18 July 2016 + + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB04), + +25 July 2016 + + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB04), + +22 August 2016 + + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB04), + +5 September 2016 + + +. + + + + +Etymology +. The species is dedicated to Lena Chan, Senior Director at the National Biodiversity Centre at NParks +Singapore +, who enthusiastically stimulated the long-term + + +Fig. 17. + +Thinophilus lenachanae + +sp. nov. +male habitus. + + +RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY +2018 + + +research on +Singapore +mangroves. The present study would not have been possible without her continuous support. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A medium-sized species with yellow palpus. Antenna dorsally brown, ventrally yellow. Arista not pubescent. Third antennal segment a little longer than high, with a rounded tip. All coxae black, hind trochanter brown; all femora black on basal two thirds with contrastingly yellow tips. Rest of legs yellow. Fore trochanter with at least four long bristles with a curved tip. Fore femur at base with a double row of long ventrals. Mid femur with two long ventrals near base and hind femur with a single row of long ventrals on basal two thirds. Hind tibia with a row of 3 to 4 long ventral bristles in apical half. 6 dc, almost equally long. Genital capsule pale brown, cerci yellowish with white hairs. + + +Male. +(Fig. 17) Body length 4.0 mm; wing length +3.90 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face wide, narrowest just below antennae, wider than depth of third antennal segment. Clypeus protruding, about 1/3 length of epistoma. Palpus yellowish (appearing brown through dark rostrum below) with black bristly hairs. Rostrum large (a third of height of eye) dark brown with white hairs. Postcranium shining dark metallic green, concave. 2 long, diverging ocellars; 2 long (only slightly) shorter, converging verticals, pointing forward; no postocellars; 2 distinct postverticals, as longer as upper postoculars. Postoculars in upper third black and uniseriate; below white and longer; but near mouth a second row of long white bristle with a single bristle between the two rows. Antenna yellow on ventral half, dorsally as well as tip of third segment darkened. Second segment with lateral margin black; with long dorsal and ventral bristles. Third segment slightly longer than high; tip broadly rounded. Arista subapical, twice as long as antenna, black, not pubescent; basal aristal segment short. + + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green; no dull black spots. No acr; 6 long dc, almost equally long, anterior shortest, prescutellar longest. Scutellum with 2 marginals, +Wing +feebly brownish tinged. Veins black. Apical part of M +1+2 +curved up near middle, from there on running parallel with R +4+5 +. Apical part of M +3+4 +1.5 times as long as tp. Anal vein dark brown on basal half, further only indicated as a fold, not reaching wing margin. Haltere white. Squama white, with numerous white cilia. + + +Abdomen +with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat longer marginals (those at side of first tergite longest). Sternites without bristles, only a minute white pubescence. Genital capsule and surstyli brownish, cerci pale yellowish with white hairs. Terminalia as in Fig. 19. Surstylus with a long thin ventral arm and a thick ventral arm (Fig. 19B). Cerci separated (Fig. 19C). + + +Female. +In most respects identical to male, but without the long bristling on the legs. + + + + +Remarks. +This species can be easily recognised in having all femora with basal two thirds black and apical third contrastingly yellow. The fore trochanter bears a row of about 6 long black bristles with somewhat curled tip. + + +Fig. 19. + +Thinophilus lenachanae + +sp. nov. +male terminalia. A, Epandrium ventrally; B, Epandrium and cercus laterally; C, Cerci dorsally. + +with a fine lateral hair at each side. 3 upper and 3 lower white propleural bristles. + +Legs +yellow with black hairs and bristles, but all coxae black with extreme tips paler brownish, posterior trochanter brown; all femora black with apical third yellow; apical tarsomere brown. + + +Fore leg +. Coxa with long (longer than coxa is wide) black bristles (from middle downward), tip anteriorly with a row of long fine bristles with curled tip. Trochanter with at least 4 very long bristles with curled tip (Fig. 18D). Fore femur thickened in basal quarter (Fig. 18B); there bearing two rows of long ventral bristles with somewhat bent tip (bristles as long as femur is wide); a long, fine preapical pv. Tibia with 2 dorsals, 2 p and a crown of short apicals (Fig. 17). Tarsomeres with a pair of short apical bristles. + + +Mid leg. +Coxa with a long black exterior, long black apicals. Trochanter with a long black ventral. Mid femur a little thickened in basal third, there with two very long fine, ventral bristles. A strong anterior on apical third (just on the transition of the black to yellow colour); a short preapical av and pv. Tibia with 3 ad 3 pd and a crown of long apicals. + + +Hind leg. +Coxa with a long exterior. Femur swollen on basal two thirds, with a row of long ventrals extending on basal two thirds. Two strong anterodorsal bristles near apical third of femur. Tibia with a row of 2 long, fine ventral bristles near middle and 2 long posterodorsal bristle in apical quarter (their tip somewhat curled); 3 strong ad, 3 pd, and a crown of long apicals, dorsal bristle much longer than the others. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +, +Thailand +(Samoh & Grootaert, unpublished). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFEEFFD5624AF62EFE9C4810.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFEEFFD5624AF62EFE9C4810.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8bdb53d92fc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFEEFFD5624AF62EFE9C4810.xml @@ -0,0 +1,862 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus longicilia +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 + + + + +(Figs. 20, 21) + + + + + + +Thinophilus longicilia +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002: 304 + + +(Figs. 6–11). +Type +locality: Lim Chu Kang mangrove. + + + + + +Type material. + +Holotype +male and +1 male +and +1 female +paratypes +from: +SINGAPORE +: +Lim Chu Kang +mangrove, beach at low tide, + +13 October 2000 + +(leg. +N. Evenhuis +& +P. Grootaert +; +holotype +in +ZRC +). +Other +paratypes +: +SINGAPORE +: +1 female +, +Mandai +mangrove, + +9 October 2000 + +(leg. +P. Grootaert +& +N. Evenhuis +); +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +mangrove, + +6 October 2000 + +, (leg. +P. Grootaert +& +N. Evenhuis +). + + + + +Additional +material. + + +SINGAPORE +: +7 males +, +13 females +, + +Kranji Nature +trail + +, mangrove, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25035, Si540, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, + +Pasir Ris + +, mangrove, + +4 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23106, Si51, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, +3 females +, + +Sungei Buloh + +, mangrove, + +9 December 2002 + +, (reg. 22077, Si802, leg. +PG +) + +; +20 males +; + +26 females +, mangrove, + +27 November 2003 + +, (reg. 23090, Si184, leg. +PG +) + +; + +5 males +, +13 females +, mangrove, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25036, Si538, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +22 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25122, Si797, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 males +, mangrove, + +6 July 2005 + +, (reg. 25199, Si875, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +5 females +, tree trunks in mangrove, + +6 July 2005 + +, (reg. 25201, Si884, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +26 August 2005 + +, (reg. 25321, Si1025, leg. +PG +) + +. + + + + +SMIP +& +MIP +material: + +1 female +, + +Mandai + + +, + +MM1 +, mangrove, + +19 May 2014 + +(reg. 30518, +Si +2633, +Mal. +); +1 male +, +2 females +, +Mandai + +, + +MM3 +, mangrove, + +26 May 2014 + +(reg. 30526, +Si +2664, +Mal. +); +1 male +, + +Pulau Ubin + + +, + +PU2 +, mangrove, + +14 December 2013 + +(reg. 30317, +Ma +6083, +Mal. +); +1 female +, + +Sungei Buloh +, SB + +2, mangrove, + +11-Sep-2013 + +(reg. 30138, +Ma +5934, +Mal. +) + +. + + +Fig. 20. + +Thinophilus longicilia +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 + +, male habitus. + + +Mip2016: + +2 males +, + +Sungei Buloh + +(SB5), + +5 April 2016 + +( +Ma +8854, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB5), + +4 May 2016 + +( +Ma +8867, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +2 males +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB5), + +23 May 2016 + +( +Ma +8879, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB5), + +30 May 2016 + +( +Ma +8887, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +3 males +, +10 females +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB10), + +28 March 2016 + +( +Ma +8983, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +4 males +, +3 females +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB10), + +5 April 2016 + +( +Ma +8984, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +4 males +, +6 females +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB10), + +11 April 2016 + +( +Ma +8987, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +5 males +, +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB10), + +18 April 2016 + +( +Ma +8989, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +9 males +, +8 females +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB10), + +4 May 2018 + +( +Ma +8994, leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +2 males +, +4 females +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB10), + +16 May 2016 + +( +Ma +8995, leg. B. lee) + +; + +1 male +, +1 female +, +Sungei Buloh +(SB10), + +20 June 2016 + +( +Ma +9000, leg. +B. Lee +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized species ( +4 mm +) with black palpus, almost entirely dark antenna and all coxae black. Arista subapical. Legs black, except first tarsomere of all legs pale yellowish in male, pale brownish in female. Fore and mid legs with very long hairs on femora, tibiae and first tarsal segments. 5 subequal dc. Cerci black, medially fused. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus longicilia + +must be compared with + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +due to the presence of very long black bristles on the fore and mid leg. + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. +has however no long ventral bristles at all on the mid tibia. These bristles are very long in + +T. longicilia + +. + + +Bionomics. +Not enough data are available to define its microhabitat, though it seems mainly to occur in the back +Etymology. +This + +Thinophilus +species + +is dedicated to Rudolf Meier (NUS), who is the driving force behind the barcoding and phylogeny studies of insects in +Singapore +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A large species ( +7.7 mm +) with all coxae black. Apical ¾ of arista white. All legs adorned with long bristles and spines. Fore coxa set with short black hairs anteriorly. Propleural bristles white. Fore femur in apical half with 7 long anterior hair-like bristles; posteriorly in apical third with 3 strong spine-like bristles. Fore tibia with a very strong posterodorsal bristle on basal fifth. Hind femur dorsoventrally curved in middle, basal third strongly swollen, there with a row of strong bristles nearly as long as femur is wide; apical half of femur narrow, anteroventrally and posteroventrally set with a row of long fine bristles. Hind tibia ventrally with a double row of very long fine bristles, up to 5× as long as tibia is wide. Empodium on all legs well developed and much longer than pulvilli. + + +Fig. 21. + +Thinophilus longicilia +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 + +, male terminalia. A, Epandrium ventrally; B, Epandrium and cercus laterally; C, Cerci dorsally. Scale = +0.1 mm +. + +mangrove. Once, it was observed in large numbers on an area with black peat along a trail in Kranji Nature trail close to the waterfront. + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +. + + + +Thinophilus longicilia + +seems to be known only from the northern side of +Singapore +in the mangroves from Lim Chu Kang, Sungei Buloh, Mandai, Pasir Ris, and Pulau Ubin. It has not been reported from Semakau Island where its sister species + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +is very abundant. + +T. longicilia + +is not common overall, but is most abundant in Sungei Buloh. + + +Phenology. + +Thinophilus longicilia + +is present throughout the year but since there are not enough data from the long term study, no cyclic activity was observed. + + + +Thinophilus meieri +Grootaert & Evenhuis + +sp. nov. +(Figs. 22–24) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male, +SINGAPORE +: +Sungei Buloh, SB +10, + +16 May 2016 + +(reg. 4239, +Ma +8997; leg. +B. Lee +, +ZRC +LKCNHM +) + +. + +Paratypes +: +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +, + +19 August 2005 + +, +Mal +1 (reg. 25302; leg. +P. Grootaert +; body grinded for DNA sequencing ( +Lim et al., 2010 +; hypopygium and legs conserved and figured: +Fig. +23) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +, SB10 (reg. 4101, +Ma +8986; leg. +B. Lee +; +ZRCBDP0085789 +), + +5 April 2016 + + +; + +1 male +, +2 females +, +Sungei Buloh, SB +10, 18 +April +, 2016 (reg. 4147, +Ma +8992; leg. +B. Lee +) + +; + +1 female +, +Pulau Ubin +, +PU1 +, + +9 November 2013 + +( +ZRCBDP0099551 +) + +. + + +Male. +(Fig. 22) Body length: +7.7 mm +; Wing length: 6.0 mm. + + +Head +. Frons and face with dark metallic green ground colour, frons with blue reflections. Frons sunken between the eyes. Face wider than width of third antennal segment, clypeus bulging. Palpus yellow above, paler below, with short black bristly hairs. Rostrum large, dark brown with white hairs. 2 long diverging ocellars; 2 verticals nearly as long as ocellars, pointing forward; 2 postverticals longer than verticals. Postoculars black and uniseriate above, the favoris below composed of long white multiseriate hairs. + + +Antenna +yellow. Scape brown at base, as long as postpedicel. Pedicel short, completely brownish, with short dorsal and ventral bristles only. Postpedical almost rounded, its tip a little produced, arista apico- dorsal. Arista about twice as long as all antennal segments together, base brown and apical 2/3 white. + + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green, seen from behind with blue reflections; no dull black spots. No acr; 6 strong dc almost equally long, prescutellar a little longer than preceding. Scutellum with 2 long marginals, with a lateral bristle at each side half as long as marginals. Propleural bristles white, 7 short upper and 7 much longer bristles below. + + +Legs +yellow with black hairs and bristles. All coxae black, hind trochanter brown, all tarsomeres of fore and mid leg whitish, only apical tarsomere of fore and mid leg with apex darkened, apical two tarsomeres of hind completely brown. + + +Fore leg +. (Fig. 23C). Coxa anteriorly densely set with short black bristles; apical bristles longer. Trochanter with short black hairs. Femur a little thickened in basal half; ventrally on basal quarter with a cluster of long hairs, as long as femur is wide, posteroventrally on basal half with a row of black bristles almost twice as long as femur is wide; in apical third with 3 strong, somewhat flattened black spine-like bristles, the preapical one with a curved tip. Anteroventrally in apical third with a row of long black bristles also much longer than femur Fig. 22. + +Thinophilus meieri +Grootaert & Evenhuis + +sp. nov. +, male habitus. + +is wide. Tibia shorter than femur, anteriorly near middle with strong bristles, middle one longer than tibia is wide; near base with a very strong black bristle pointing downward, the bristle at least 4× as long as tibia is wide (Fig. 23D). Anteriorly with a pair of closely set black bristles. Tarsomeres 1–4 with a pair of long fine apical bristles. LI: Length of femur, tibia and tarsomeres (in mm): 2.75: 2: 1: 0.37: 0.28: 0.18: 0.30. + +Mid leg +. Coxa with a long black exterior bristle. Trochanter with only some minute black hairs. Femur (Fig. 23E) strongly thickened in basal half, there with a cluster of ventral bristles half as long as femur is wide. Middle tibia shorter than femur. Anteriorly in apical half with 3 very strong bristles, apical most strongly curved. On basal third a strong posterior bristle. Preapical bristles very short. Tarsomere 1nearly as long as tibia and much longer than following tarsomeres together. All set with long fine apical bristles. LII: Length of femur, tibia and tarsomeres (in mm): 2.45: 2.12: 1.75: 0.38: 0.35: 0.35: 0.33. + + +Hind leg +. (Fig. 22), Coxa with a long exterior bristle.Trochanters with only minute hairs. Femur dorsoventrally curved in middle, basal third strongly swollen, there with a row of strong bristles, about half as long as femur is wide. Apical half of femur narrow, anteroventrally and posteroventrally set with a row of long fine bristles. Hind tibia longer than femur (Fig. 23B), ventrally with a double row of very long fine bristles, up to 5× as long as tibia is wide. The tips of these bristles somewhat straggling. Crown of preapical bristles very long. The preapical bristles on tarsomeres 1–4 rather stronger than on the other legs. +LIII +: Length of femur, tibia and tarsomeres (in mm): 2.75: 2.88: 1: 0.80: 0.45: 0.30: 0.33. + + +Fig. 23. + +Thinophilus meieri +Grootaert & Evenhuis + +sp. nov +, male. A, Hind femur; B, Hind tibia and tarsomeres; C, Fore leg anteriorly; D, Detail of fore knee posteriorly; E, Mid femur; F, Hind tibia and tarsi. + + +Wing +clear, without darker shades (Fig. 22). Veins black. Apical part of M +1+2 +undulating near middle; Apical part of M +3+4 +as long as tp. Anal vein indicated for basal half only. Haltere white, with a patch of small black hairs dorsally at base Squama white, with short white cilia. + + +Abdomen +with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat longer marginal especially on Tergite 1. Sternites without bristles at most some minute white hairs. Male terminalia as in Fig. 24. Cerci about ¼ of the length of the venter, yellow and tip set with short white hairs. Cerci pointed, dorsally not fused. Surstyli with a dorsal and ventral arm (Fig. 24B). + + +Female. +Favoris much shorter; colour pattern on legs identical to male, though the fore and middle tarsus are not so pale whitish. All femora equally thick, not swollen at all like in male. No adornments at all. All femora ventrally set with numerous short bristles. Hind legs not modified. + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the small size of this species. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Small species ( +2 mm +) with yellow palpus and antenna. Fore coxa completely yellow but can be largely brown at base, posterior four coxae black; femora yellow, sometimes dorsally faintly brown, all tibiae and tarsi brownish, ventrally paler brownish. Fore tibia with a ventral row of long bristles on apical two thirds (twice as long as tibia is wide). All femora with some long ventral bristles. Fore femur without strong preapical posteroventral bristles, at most 1 stronger bristle. 4 dc, with a short bristle in front. No dark spots on mesonotum; wing uniformly brownish. + + +Male. +(Fig. 25) Body length +2–2.29 mm +; wing length +2–2.11 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face below middle, as wide as depth of third antennal segment. Epistoma a little concave on upper half, lower half flat, clypeus hardly protruding, about 1/3 length of epistoma, below broader than long. Palpus yellow with black bristly hairs. + + +Fig. 24. + +Thinophilus meieri +Grootaert & Evenhuis + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Epandrium ventrally; B, Epandrium and cercus laterally; C, Cerci dorsally. + + + + +Remarks +.The females are difficult to recognise and are easily confused with females of + +T. murphyi +Evenhuis & Grootaert. In + +contrast to other species with hind femur and tibia bearing long soft hairs, + +Thinophilus nigrilineatus + +sp. nov. +(Fig. 30) and the closely related to + +T. constrictus +Parent, 1932 + +, + +T. meieri + +sp. nov. +has the basal half of the hind femur swollen, whereas in the former two species the apical half is widened. In addition, fore and mid femora are yellow in + +T. meieri + +sp. nov. +while black in + +T. nigrilineatus + +and + +T. constrictus + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF1FFC1619DF76EFAC34A1A.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF1FFC1619DF76EFAC34A1A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e7cd95db686 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF1FFC1619DF76EFAC34A1A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus clavatus +Zhu, Yang & Masunaga, 2006 + + + + +(Fig. 10) + + + + + + +Thinophilus clavatus +Zhu, Yang & Masunaga, 2006: 145 + + +( +Figs. 1–3 +). + +Type +locality: +China +, +Hainan +, +Wanning + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + +THAILAND +: +5 males +, +5 females +, +Ban Bangluek +, +Pak Pha Nang +( +Nakhon Si Thammarat prov. +), + +1 May 2015 + +(leg. +A. Samoh +, in coll. NHM +PSU +) + +; + +1 male +, +Elet +, +Pak Nam +, +Muang +Chumphon +( +Chumphon prov. +) + +16 February 2015 + +(leg. +A. Samoh +, in coll. +PSUNHM +; +1 male +in +RBINS +) + +; + +3 males +, +6 females +, +Bang Kong Khong +, +Pak Pha Nang +( +Nakhon Si Thammarat prov. +), + +1 May 2015 + +(leg. +A. Samoh +, in coll. +PSUNHM +) + +; + +5 males +, +Talumpuk Cape +, +Pak Pha Nang +( +Nakhon Si Tammarat prov. +), + +2 May 2015 + +(leg. +A. Samoh +, in coll. +PSUNHM +) + +; + +1 male +, +Bangluek +, +Nakhon Si Thammarat +( +Nakhon Si Thammarat prov. +), + +3 May 2015 + +(leg. +A. Samoh +, in coll. +PSUNHM +: NGS barcode: +Doli +6_19_012 male in coll. +RBINS +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A large species ( +6.2 mm +). 9 dc, anterior dc very short, only prescutellar bristle long. All tarsomeres of the fore leg are narrowly but distinctly darkened and only the apical half of the apical tarsomere is black. The posteroventral bristles on the apical half of the fore femur are longer than the femur is wide (Fig. 10) in + +T. clavatus + +. Tarsomere 1 of the fore leg is a little thickened at the base and the ventral spinules are strong. A row of long fine posteroventral bristles is present on fore tibia and tarsomere 1. Cerci brown, dorsally fused. Surstylus brownish black with 2 black subapical spines. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus clavatus + +is larger but very similar to + +T. chaetulosus + +sp. nov. +We refer to the discussion of the differences under the latter species. The male terminalia are also similar sharing a pair of spine-like bristles at the tip of the surstylus. The cercus seems broader in the specimens studies here than in the original description of + +T. clavatus +. + + + + +The +holotype +of + +T. clavatus + +is from Wanning (alt. + +10 m + +) while there is a male +paratype +from +Tongshi +(alt. + +340m + +), both localities on +Hainan +Island +, +China +. +Apparently +this species is not a true mangrove species but has a broader habitat. +Here +it was observed only in mangrove habitats but since it is a rare species in +Thailand +and +Brunei +, it might have been overlooked in terrestrial habitats + +. + + + + +Distribution. +China +, Southern +Thailand +. + + +Not found in +Singapore +yet, but expected. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF1FFC262DEF60EFD224940.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF1FFC262DEF60EFD224940.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..79a0beb5a15 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF1FFC262DEF60EFD224940.xml @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 11–14) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male, +SINGAPORE +: +Pulau Ubin +, +Chek Jawa +, mangrove + +2 October 2003 + +(reg. 23097, leg. PG, +Malaise trap +). + + + + +Paratypes +: +1 male +, Pulau Ubin, +PU1 +, mangrove, + +12 May 2012 + +(reg. 29228, Ma0559, Mal.) + +; + +1 female +, +PU2 +, mangrove, + +20 April 2012 + +(reg. 29189, Ma0620, Mal.) + +; + +1 female +, +PU3 +, mangrove, + +20 May 2012 + +(reg. 29243, Ma0737, Mal.) + +; + +1 male +, +PU4 +, mangrove, + +17 May 2013 + +(reg. 29928, Ma4954, Mal.) + +. + + +More +paratypes +are cited in Annex 1. All specimens were recorded from Semakau. + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the hairiness of the fore legs. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A medium-sized species with yellow palpus; antenna dorsally and apically brown, ventrally yellow. Third antennal segment shorter than high, with a rounded tip. Legs yellow, fore coxa with brown streak at extreme base, posterior four coxae black. Fore femur with a double row of very long, fine ventral bristles. Fore tibia, tarsomeres 1–4 also with long ventral bristles. Mid femur with 4 very long bristles in basal two thirds; mid tibia lacking long ventral bristles. 5 dc (almost equally long, but becoming longer towards the rear). No dull spots on mesonotum; wing brownish. Sternites with short black bristles. + + +Male. +(Fig. 11). Body length +3.1 mm +; wing length +2.5 mm +. + + +Fig. 11. + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. +male habitus. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face, narrower than depth of third antennal segment. Clypeus protruding, about 1/2 length of epistoma. Palpus yellow, with black bristly hairs. Rostrum large (half-length of height of eye) dark brown with white hairs. Postcranium shining dark metallic green, concave. 2 long, diverging black ocellars; 2 long (only slightly) shorter, converging verticals, pointing forward; minute postocellars; 2 distinct postverticals, longer than upper postoculars. Postoculars in upper third black and uniseriate; below white and longer; near mouth with a few additional white bristles. + + +Antenna +largely yellow, but dorsally and tip brownish. Second segment with lateral margin black; with some dorsal and ventral + + +Fig. 12. + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. +male. A, Antenna; B, Anterior view fore leg; C, Mid femur. + +bristles. Third segment a little higher than long; tip with a rounded apex (Fig. 12A). Arista subapical, 2 times as long as antenna, black, faintly pubescent; basal aristal segment short. + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green; no dull black spots. No acr; 5 long dc, almost equally long, anterior shortest, prescutellar longest. Scutellum with 2 marginals, with a fine lateral hair at each side. 3 upper and 3 lower white propleural bristles. + + +Legs +yellow with black hairs and bristles, fore coxa yellow with a black streak at extreme base, four posterior coxae black. Posterior four trochanters yellowish not brown. Apical tarsomere of all tarsi brown. + + +Fore leg +(Fig. 12B). Coxa with numerous long bristles anteriorly, those exteriorly the longest. Fore femur only slightly swollen in basal half, set with a double row very long ventral bristles (the bristles in the posterior row at least four times as long as femur is wide); Tibia, four basal tarsomeres also with a double row of long, fine ventrals (those in the posterior row, or posteroventral row the longest). Tibia with a short dorsal bristle near base and a longer beyond middle. + + +Mid leg. +Coxa with a long black exterior. Femur thickened on basal half; ventrally in basal two thirds with about 5 long, fine bristles (Figs. 11, 12C); anteroventrally with a row of short bristles. Tibia with 2 pd and 1 pv near middle, no long ventral bristles present. + + +Hind leg. +Coxa with a short black exterior. Femur thickened on basal half; withour ventral bristles; on apical third a long anterodorsal. Tibia with 2 ad, 2 pd and a crown of long apicals. + + +Wing +feebly brownish tinged, without darker shades (Fig. 11). Veins yellowish brown. Apical part of M +1+2 +curved up near middle, from there on running parallel with R +4+5 +. Apical part Fig. 13. + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. +male genitalia. A, Ventral view epandrium; B, Lateral view epandrium; C, Dorsal view cercus; D, Lateral view hypandrium with phallus. + + +of M +3+4 +as long as tp. Anal vein dark brown on basal half. Halteres white. Squamae white, with numerous white cilia. + + +Abdomen +with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat longer marginals (those at side of first tergum longest). Sternites with short black bristles. Genital capsule, surstyli and cerci brownish with white hairs. Surstylus furcate at apex (Fig. 13B). Cerci dorsally fused (Fig. 13C). + + +Female. +In most respects identical to male but no long bristles on the fore and mid legs. Legs generally darker in female. + + + + +Remarks. +The long bristles on the fore femora, tibiae and basal tarsi of + +Thinophilus comatus + +are striking. In contrast to the similar + +T. longicilia +Evenhuis & Grootaert + +that has dark brown legs, + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +has yellow legs in males. However the legs are sometimes quite brownish in the female so that females are difficult to recognise from + +T. longicilia + +. + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +lacks long ventral bristles on the mid tibia in contrast to + +T. longicilia + +that has long ventrals on the mid tibia. + + + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +was accidentally mentioned as + +T. cometes + +in +Evenhuis & Grootaert (2002) +as a manuscript name and thus the name became a nomen nudum. + + +Fig. 14. + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. +: Phenology during a 2-year survey (MIP). + + +Bionomics. + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. +is active in the front as well as in the back mangrove. + + +Phenology. + +Thinophilus comatus + +sp. nov. +has its peak activity in May followed by a very low activity from June to December. There is no clear relationship of its activity with the monsoons. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +. + + +Although that + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +is abundant on Pulau Semakau and Pulau Ubin, it was not recorded in other localities in +Singapore +. + + +A similar and common species occurs in +Brunei +that has only the fore leg with very long bristles on the femur, tibia and basal tarsomeres. The fore coxa is black except for the tip. In + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +, the fore coxa is yellow in the male except for the extreme base; all tarsomeres 5 are black while brown in + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +and there are no long ventral bristles on mid femur (about 5 long ventral near base in + +T. comatus + +sp. nov. +). This species is probably + +T. ciliatus +Parent, 1935 + +(p. 525) described from N. Borneo (it has black fore coxa, squama with rigid black ciliation). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF2FFDD6007F544FB9F4AFA.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF2FFDD6007F544FB9F4AFA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d35edfaef42 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF2FFDD6007F544FB9F4AFA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + +Thinophilus evenhuisi + +sp. nov. + + +(Figs. 15, 16) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +Male. +SINGAPORE +: +Pulau Ubin +, +Chek Jawa +, + +12 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25343, Si1040, +LKCNHM +). + + + +Fig. 15. + +Thinophilus evenhuisi + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Antenna; B, Fore leg anteriorly; C, Mid femur; D, Hind femur. + + + +Paratypes +: +SINGAPORE +: +2 females +with same provenance as +holotype + +. + + + + +Etymology. +This species is dedicated to Neal Evenhuis, with whom I started the study of the dolichopodid fauna in +Singapore +in 2000. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A small species with 4 almost equally strong dc. Fore coxa yellow with short pale bristling anteriorly and at tip. All trochanters yellow. Fore femur with 2 very long, black bristles near middle (twice as long as femur is deep; sometimes a third brown or pale bristle towards base). Mid femur with a strong ventral bristle near middle. Hind femur with a row of long ventral bristles in basal half. Postpedicel dorsally and at tip brown, rest yellow. Apical tarsal segments of all legs brown. Epandrium about ¼ length of abdomen. Cerci yellowish white. + + +Male. +Body length +2.29 mm +; wing length +2.11 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face wide, at its narrowest point near middle, as wide as third antennal segment is long. Clypeus a little protruding. Palpus yellow with pale brown hairs. Postcranium slightly concave, shining dark metallic green. 2 long, diverging ocellars; 2 long (only slightly) shorter, converging verticals, pointing forward; no postocellars; 2 distinct postverticals. Postoculars black and uniseriate above (5–6), longer and white below. + + +Antenna +(Fig. 15A) yellow, but first and second segment and third segment dorsally and with tip brownish black. Inner protuberance of second segment brown, outer one with lateral margin black; second segment with dorsal and slightly longer ventral bristles. Third segment about as long +Mid leg. +Coxa with a short, pale exterior bristle. Femur (Fig. 15C) swollen in basal half, near middle with 3 brown to black ventral bristles nearly as long as femur is wide. No anterior preapical. Tibia with an ad on basal quarter and a longer pd near middle; crown of short, apical bristles. + + +Hind leg. +Coxa with a tiny, pale exterior bristle. Femur (Fig. 15B) ventrally straight, dorsally swollen in basal half. In basal half with 4 brown to black ventral bristles as long as femur is wide. No dorsal, no anterior preapical bristles; just a small preapical pv. Tibia with a tiny dorsal near middle and a stronger preapical dorsal bristle. + + +Wing +clear. Veins brownish, hardly paler near base. Apical part of M +1+2 +practically straight; tip of R +4+5 +slightly converging with M +1+2 +. Wing boss present at about one Tp length from Tp. Apical part of M +3+4 +, 1.5 times as long as tp. Anal vein dark brown at its base, apical half not indicated. Haltere white. Squama white, with pale cilia. + + +Abdomen +with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat longer marginals (those at side of first tergum longest). Sternum 1 sclerotised. All sternites with fine, white hairs (longer than those on tergites). Surstyli and genital capsule (Fig. 16) brown; cerci yellowish white, dorsally not fused. Fig. 16. + +Thinophilus evenhuisi + +sp. nov. +male. A, Epandrium ventrally; B, Epandrium and cercus laterally; C, Cerci dorsally. + +as wide, apically rounded, truncate. Arista dorsal, 2.5–3 times as long as antenna, black, shortly pubescent; basal aristal segment short, black. + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green; no dull black spots as far as can be seen in alcohol. No acr; 4 almost equally long dc (anterior shortest, posterior longest), preceded by a few tiny hairs. Scutellum with 2 marginals, without a minute lateral hairs at outer side. 1 upper and 2 lower, short (shorter than fore coxa is wide) pale propleural bristles. + + +Legs +yellow with most hairs and bristles black. Fore coxa completely yellow, mid and hind coxae black. Legs with apical 3 tarsomeres completely darkened; tarsomere 5 almost black. + + +Fore leg. +Coxa with short pale (yellowish) anteriorly and apically (not the usual long black bristles). Femur (Fig. 15B) swollen in basal third, apically slender with a row of ventral bristles: near middle with 2–3 long, black ventral bristles, about twice as long as femur is wide and one or two short, pale bristle near base. In apical third with a few, pale, brown av. A single, short brown preapical pv. Tibia without dorsal but a tiny pd on basal quarter; in basal 2/3 with an anteroventral row of tiny bristles, not as long as tibia is wide; ventrally without bristles. First tarsomere ventrally with only short bristling. Apical pair of bristles on tarsomeres very short (shorter than tarsomere is wide). + + +Female. +Similar to male but lacking the long ventral bristles on the femora. + + + + +Remarks. +This small species should be compared with + +T. minor + +sp. nov. +The differences can be found in the key. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF5FFC1600CF4EAFDC04B3A.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF5FFC1600CF4EAFDC04B3A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..404c3ec863b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFF5FFC1600CF4EAFDC04B3A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus chaetulosus + +sp. nov. + + + +(Figs. 8, 9) + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: +SINGAPORE +, +Sungei Buloh +, + +27 November 2003 + +(sample 23090, leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +. + +Paratypes +: +THAILAND +: +1 male +, +Songkhla +, + +14 October 1999 + +(leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +; + +1 male +, +Laempho +, +Hat Yai +( +Songkhla prov. +), + +27 June 2015 + +(leg. +A. Samoh +; in coll. +RBINS +) NGS barcode available as chaetulosus_022_ +ABDO05 +). +The +latter clusters at 9.5% with + +T. clavatus +Zhu et al., 2006 + +from +southern Thailand + +. + + +Male. +(Fig. 8) Body length +5.5 mm +, wing length +4.7 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with dark metallic green ground colour with blue reflections. Face at its narrowest part in middle as wide as depth of third antennal segment. Clypeus about 1/5 length of epistoma, a little protruding. Palpus yellow, bearing few black bristly hairs. Rostrum dark brown, with white hairs. Postcranium shining dark metallic green. 2 long diverging ocellars; 2 short, converging verticals, pointing forward (a third of length of ocellars); 2 minute postocellars; 2 short postverticals, twice as long as postoculars; postoculars above black, uniseriate; in lower half, white, thickened and also uniseriate; a few long white hairs around mouth. + + +Antenna +. Basal segments ventrally yellow, dorsally brown. Third segment with dorsal and apical half brown (Fig. 8); a little longer than high with an obtuse tip. Arista dorsal, 2–2.5 times as long as antenna, black, very shortly pubescent; basal aristal segment very short. + + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green with two ill-limited darker stripes running down the rows of dc, with in between them a brightly shining green area. A long black stripe running from upper part of notopleura to above the insertion of the wings and the area below the alar calli black. No acr; 7–9 dc i.e., 5–7 very short (as long as first antennal segment), followed by a dc that is twice as long and the row ends in a long prescutellar (longer than three antennal segments together). A pair of long marginals with a hair at each outer side. A short humeral with a longer posthumeral; one strong notopleural, a very long pre-alar; a strong alar. Propleura with at least 8 long white hairs above and a group of 8 short white hairs below. + + +Legs +. Fore coxa yellow, but a black streak exteriorly at base; mid and hind coxae black with yellow tips. Legs yellow, but tip of all tibiae narrowly brown; apical tarsomere of all legs entirely black. + + +Fig. 8. + +Thinophilus chaetulosus + +sp. nov. +, male habitus. + + +Fore leg +. (Fig. 9B) Coxa anteriorly with a double row of long fine black bristles (longer than coxa is wide) with a curved tip; apically with a row of shorter bristles. Femur ventrally near base with a double row of black bristles, half as long as femur is deep; near middle there are additionally a number of pale hairs; in third apical quarter a number of posteroventral bristles and two distinct pre-apical pv. Fore tibia with a short ad and pd in apical third, a short ad in apical third. Anteroventrally with a row of short spinules; ventrally with a double row of diverging bristles (bristles near middle longer than tibia is deep). First tarsomere with spinules ventrally. Following tarsomeres with a pair of apical hairs. + + +Mid leg. +Mid coxa with a long, fine black exterior. Mid femur thickened in basal half, apical half more slender; with a short anterior bristle on apical quarter and a row of erect posterior bristles (half as long as femur is deep) in apical third. Ventrally with a double row of short ventral bristles (less than half as long as femur is wide), with some additional bristles in basal quarter. Mid tibia with an ad in basal fifth, 2 pd and 1 pv, 4 apicals. + + +Hind leg. +Hind coxa with a fine black exterior (shorter than on mid coxa). Hind femur thickened in basal half; apical half more slender; with 4 erect anterodorsal bristles and a row of short ventral bristles. Hind tibia with 3 ad and 3 pd, two short ventrals, and 4 apicals. + + +Fig. 9. + +Thinophilus chaetulosus + +sp. nov. +male. A, Antenna; B, Fore leg posteriorly; C, Wing; D, Male terminalia ventrally; E, Male terminalia lateral. Scale = +0.1 mm +. + + +Fig. 10. + +Thinophilus clavatus +Zhu, Yang & Masunaga, 2006 + +, male habitus. +Wing +feebly brownish tinged, without darker shades. Veins yellowish brown near base, black in apical two thirds. Apical part of M +1+2 +practically straight, running parallel with +R +4+5 +. Tp straight, nearly as long as apical part of M +3+4 +. Anal vein indicated by a brown streak on basal third only. Haltere white. Squama white, with white cilia. + + +Abdomen +shining dark metallic green. Hairs and hind-marginal bristles on tergites short, black. Sternites without bristles, only a very short white pubescence. Male terminalia (Fig. 9D, E). Cercus long, brown with long white apical hairs. Cerci dorsally fused in basal half. Surstylus with 2 black subapical spines (Fig. 9E). + + +Female. +Unknown. + + + + +Remarks. + +Thinophilus chaetulosus + +sp. nov. +is very similar to + +T. clavatus +Zhu, Yang & Masunaga, 2006 + +. In the new species the apical tarsomere of all the legs are entirely black while the other tarsomeres are yellow. In + +T. clavatus + +all tarsomeres of the fore leg are narrowly but distinctly darkened and only the apical half of the apical tarsomere is black. The posteroventral bristles on the apical half of the fore femur are longer than the femur is wide in + +T. clavatus + +(Fig. 10) but not so long and not so dense in the new species. In + +T. clavatus + +tarsomere 1 of the fore leg is a thickened at the base and the ventral spinules are strong (Fig. 10). A row of long posteroventral bristles is present on fore tibia and tarsomere 1. In + +T. chaetulosus + +sp. nov. +the base of tarsomere 1 is not thickened and the ventral spinules are weaker; the posteroventral bristles on the fore tibia and tarsomere 1 are shorter. The male terminalia are similar in both species. + + +Remarkable and unusual is that the specimen from +Brunei +(Borneo) has exactly the same NGS barcode as the specimen from +Songkhla +(southern +Thailand +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFFBFFC56262F499FE9E48BD.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFFBFFC56262F499FE9E48BD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..31663353acf --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFFBFFC56262F499FE9E48BD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus asiobates +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 + + + + +(Figs. 6, 7) + + + + + + +Thinophilus asiobates +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002: 303 + + +( +Figs. 1–5 +). + +Type +locality: +Singapore +, +Mandai + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +male and +19 male +, +16 female +paratypes +from: +SINGAPORE +: +Mandai +mangrove, + +9 October 2000 + +, (20036, leg. +P. Grootaert +& +N. Evenhuis +, +holotype +in +ZRC +, +paratypes +in +RBINS +, +BPBM +); +5 males +, +3 females +, +Labrador +beach, sandy beach, base of cliffs, + +7 October 2000 + +(20034, leg. +P. Grootaert +& +N. Evenhuis +, +RBINS +). + + + + +Fig. 5. + +Thinophilus apicatus + +sp. nov. +Phenology during a 2-year survey (MIP). + + + +Fig. 6. + +Thinophilus asiobates +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 + +, male habitus. + + + +New +material. + + +SINGAPORE +: +1 male +, + +Chek Jawa + +, mangrove, + +2 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23096, Si267, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +Chek Jawa +, mangrove, + +26 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25031, Si533, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, +1 female +, +Chek Jawa +, mangrove, + +15 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25451, Si1332, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +4 females +, + +Labrador Park + +, beach, + +31 July 2005 + +, (reg. 25275, Si931, leg. +PG +) + +; + +11 males +, +11 female +, + +Pulau Ubin + +, beach, + +11 December 2002 + +, (reg. 22058, Si792, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 males +, +2 females +, + +Semakau Island + +, beach, + +26 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25184, Si839, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, +3 females +, + +Sungei Buloh + +, mangrove, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25036, Si537, leg. +PG +) + +; + +8 males +, +6 females +, +Sungei Buloh +, mangrove, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25035, Si539, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, +Sungei Buloh +, mangrove, + +22 June 2005 + +, (reg. 25122, Si798, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, + +West Coast Park + +, sandy beach, + +7 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23112, Si242, leg. +PG +) + +. + + +The records of the +SMIP +& +MIP +material are available in Annex 1. + + + + +Diagnosis. +(Fig. 6) A medium-sized species (body +3–3.3 mm +) with yellow palpus and antenna. Fore coxa yellow, posterior four coxae black. Legs yellow, but tarsomeres 1–4 of fore leg contrastingly paler. 6 dc almost equally long; mesonotum greyish brown dusted without dull black spots. Propleural bristles pale. Wings unspotted. Fore femur ventrally at base + + + +BRUNEI +: +1 male +, +Tutong +(leg. +C. Damken +; in +ZRC +LKCNHM +) with the NGS barcode reference +ZRC +_ +BDP0055121 +_260714_TUT01 + +. + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the dense bristling on fore femur and tibia. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A large species with yellow palpus. Antenna yellow but dorsally and apically darkened. 7–9 dc, anterior 7 dc very short, 8 +th +dc longer, prescutellar bristle the longest. Notopleura and alar callus dull black. Fore coxa yellow with a black streak near base, posterior four coxae black; Apical tarsomere of all legs entirely black. Fore femur with a double row of long ventrals, near middle densely set with paler hairs and additional posteroventrals. Fore tibia with a row of anteroventral spinules, and a double row of long, diverging ventral bristles. Hind femur with four black anterodorsal bristles. Sternites without bristles, only a very short white pubescence. + + +Fig. 7. + +Thinophilus asiobates +Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 + +: Phenology during a 2-year survey (MIP). + +with a single long fine hair-like bristle, no ventral bristles on the mid and hind femur. Cerci fused medially, brown, with dark hairs. + +Bionomics. + +Thinophilus asiobates + +is mainly found on sandy beaches bordering mangrove. During the long term survey (MIP) it was only found in the replanted mangrove of Semakau Island and indeed the mud flat in front of the Malaise trap contained a high percentage of sand. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +. + + +Phenology. +(Fig. 7) + +Thinophilus asiobates + +is present all around the year, but seems less active in periods of heavy rain fall. Very low numbers were found from +December 2012 +to +February 2013 +when there was exceptional heavy rain fall even in +February 2013 +. However this tendency is hardly confirmed in 2014. Numbers are too low to do any statistical analysis. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFFEFFCB62C4F603FC57488D.xml b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFFEFFCB62C4F603FC57488D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2a881f3b295 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E7/87/03E7879BFFFEFFCB62C4F603FC57488D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,522 @@ + + + +Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach + + + +Author + +Grootaert, Patrick + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2018 + +2018-07-31 + + +66 + + +413 +473 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256886 +2345-7600 +13256886 +D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D + + + + + + + +Thinophilus apicatus + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 2–5 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +Male. +SINGAPORE +: +Pulau Ubin +, +Chek Jawa +, mangrove, + +12 September 2005 + +(reg. 25343, Si1042, leg. +PG +). + + + + +Paratypes +: +SINGAPORE +: +1 female +, + +Sungei Buloh + +, mangrove, + +9 December 2002 + +(reg. 22057, leg. +PG +) + +. + +1 male +, +1 female +, mangrove, + +27 November 2003 + +(reg. 23091, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 females +, + +27 November 2003 + +(23090, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +27 November 2003 + +, (reg. 23092, Si96, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, mangrove, + +27 November 2003 + +, (reg. 23090, Si182, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, mangrove, + +28 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25035, Si545, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, mangrove, + +26 August 2005 + +, (reg. 25321, Si1026, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 female +, + +Lim Chu Kang + +, + +26 November 2003 + +(sample 23089, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 females +, + +26 November 2003 + +, (reg. 23089, Si251, leg. +PG +) + +; + +6 males +, +2 females +, + +Pulau Ubin, Chek Jawa + +, mangrove, + +12 September 2005 + +, (reg. 25343, Si1042, leg. +PG +) + +; + +9 males +, +2 females +, + +11 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25380, Si1082, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 males +, females, + +26 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25399, Si1141, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +2 females +, + +26 October 2005 + +, (reg. 25339, Si1762, leg. +PG +) + +; + +3 males +, +4 females +, + +22 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25456, Si1374, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, females, + +30 December 2005 + +, (reg. 25475, Si1446, leg. +PG +) + +; + +1 male +, + +Pandan + +, mangrove, + +5 December 2003 + +, (reg. 23109, Si226, leg. +PG +) + +; + +2 males +, +1 female +, + +Semakau +, + +mangrove, + +10 March 2005 + +, (reg. 25009, Si404, leg. +PG +) + +. + + + +THAILAND +: +1 male +, +Satun province +: +Pak Bara +, mangrove, + +28 October 1997 + +(reg. 97134, leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +; + +1 female +, +Pak Bara Park +, beach, rocks, + +28 October 1997 + +, (reg. 97136, leg. P. + + + + +Fig. 2. + +Thinophilus apicatus + +sp. nov. +, male habitus. + + + + +Grootaert); +1 male +, +Samut Prakan province +: +Sakla +, mangrove forest, + +20 May 1998 + +, (reg. 98060, leg. +P. Grootaert +) + +. + + +The data from the +SMIP +& +MIP +material are available in Annex 1. + + + + +Etymology. +The name refers to the black tips of all tibiae [Lat. apicatus: ‘with (striking) apices’]. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Medium-sized species with yellow palpus; antenna ventrally yellow, dorsally brownish black; fore coxa yellow, posterior four coxae black. Legs yellow, but all tibiae narrowly and contrastingly darkened at tips (less so on hind tibia); apical three segments of all tarsi darkened. Bristling of legs identical in male and female i.e., fore coxa with a vertical row of 2–3 long bristles, fore femur with two long basal, ventral bristles and two to three shorter anteroventral bristles; fore tibia with a long dorsal bristle beyond middle. 5 equally long dc, preceded by a small bristle. Cercus pale yellow, much shorter than aedeagus and surstyli, which are brownish. + + +Male. +( +Fig. 2 +) Body length +2.6 mm +; wing length +2.2 mm +. + + +Head +. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face a little narrower than depth of third antennal segment. Clypeus nearly half as long as epistoma, slightly broader than long, hardly protruding. Palpus yellow, bearing a few black bristly hairs. Rostrum dark brown. Postcranium shining dark metallic green. 2 diverging +Fore leg +. Coxa ( +Fig. 3C, D +) anteriorly on apical half anteriorly with a row of 3 (sometimes 2 or 4) rather long black bristles, also a single bristle at base; at apex a few short, bent bristles. Femur ventrally near base with two thin, long black bristles, about as long as greatest depth of femur; more anteroventrally near base 2–3 very thin hairs not as strong as the ventrals. Tibia nearly as long as femur, bearing a rather strong black dorsal bristle beyond its middle. First tarsal segment ventrally shortly spinulose. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (in mm): 0.7: 0.3: 0.12: 0.09: 0.07: 0.11. + + +Mid leg +. Coxa with a very small exterior bristle, and some very short, hair-like bristles at its tip. Femur ( +Fig. 3A +) ventrally on basal half with a row of short, hair-like bristles, the longest of which are nearly as long as femur is wide; 1–3 preapical pv. Tibia about as long as femur; 1 short dorsal bristle beyond middle; 3 short apicals. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (in mm): 0.95: 0.5: 0.15: 0.1: 0.08: 0.11. + + +Hind leg +. Coxa with a weak and short, black exterior bristle. Femur ( +Fig. 3B +) ventrally with only some short hairs on basal half; a thin preapical av and a slightly stronger preapical pv, both very short. Tibia slightly shorter than femur; a very small ad beyond middle; a long dorsal preapical and a ventral apical. Length of tibia and tarsal segments (in mm): 1.1: 0.25: 0.23: 0.15: 0.1: 0.11. + + + +Fig. 3. + +Thinophilus apicatus + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Mid femur; B, Hind femur; C, Posterior view of fore leg; D, Anterior view of fore coxa. + + +ocellars; 2 converging verticals, pointing forward; 2 very small postocellars; 2 postverticals, much stronger and longer than, and not in row with upper postoculars. Upper postoculars uniseriate, black; lower postoculars multiseriate white hair-like. + +Antenna +. First segment yellow, dorsally brown. Second segment brown, encompassing the third segment dorsally. Third segment yellow, dorsally and apically browned, rounded, bearing a rather long pubescence. Arista dorsal, 2.5 times as long as antenna, black, very shortly pubescent; basal aristal segment very short, black. + + +Thorax +and scutellum shining dark metallic green, with coppery and purple reflections; two ill-limited purplish stripes running down the row of dc, with in between them a brightly shining green area. Humerus silvery dusted as well as pleura and all coxae. Notopleural depression dull black. No acr; 5 almost equally long dc, preceded by a short bristle. Scutellum with 2 marginals, no lateral hairs. 1 upper and 2 lower, black propleural bristles. + + +Legs +. Fore coxa yellow; hind and mid coxae dark brown, yellow at their tips. Legs yellow, but apices of all tibiae narrowly, but conspicuously dark brown (less so on hind tibia); bases of fore and mid tibiae, and basal half of hind tibia feebly browned; tarsi progressively darkened from base of third segment. + + +Wing +feebly brownish tinged, without darker shades. Veins brownish, more yellowish at base. Apical part of M +1+2 +practically straight; tip of R +4+5 +slightly converging with M +1+2 +. Tp straight, nearly as long as apical part of M +3+4 +. Anal vein present, short. Haltere pale yellow. Squama yellow, with whitish cilia. + + +Abdomen +shining dark metallic green; but all tergites basolaterally (at sides and base) broadly silvery dusted; dorsally shining metallic green. Hairs and hind-marginal bristles on tergites short, black. Sternites with short white bristles. Epandrium brown; cercus white with white hairs, much shorter than aedeagus and surstyli, which are brownish. Cerci dorsally separated ( +Fig. 4B +). Surstylus bifurcate ( +Fig. 4A +) with spine-like bristles at tip. Phallus long ( +Fig. 4D +). + + +Female. +Body length +2.4 mm +; wing length +2.2 mm +. As male. Face about as wide as depth of third antennal segment. Clypeus slightly more than half as long as epistoma; a little bulging (flat in male). Legs bristled as in male but mid and hind femora ventrally bare. Sternites with moderate long hairs (in male hairs on sternites minute). + + + + +Remarks. +This is one of the few + +Thinophilus + +of which the female and male have the same remarkable bristling and colouration of the legs i.e., the long erect bristles on the fore coxa, the long ventral bristles at the base of the fore femur, a long dorsal bristle just beyond the middle of the fore tibia. In addition, the female also has the tips of all tibiae brown. + +Note that in alcohol preserved specimens, the antennae look much paler than in dry specimens in which the antennae are almost black with a small yellow ventral area. + +RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY +2018 + + + + +Fig. 4. + +Thinophilus apicatus + +sp. nov. +, male. A, Detail of surstyli ventrally; B, Tips cerci dorsally; C, Ventral view of epandrium; D, Lateral view of epandrium. + + + + +Distribution. +Singapore +, +Thailand +and +Brunei +. + + +I also examined material collected in southern +Thailand +by Abdulloh Samoh and in +Brunei +by Claas Damken that both contained specimens comparable to + +T. apicatus + +sp. nov. +.but they differ genetically respectively by 10% and 5.2% and thus need further examination. + + +Phenology. + +Thinophilus apicatus + +sp. nov. +is present throughout the year but generally less active in dryer periods ( +Fig. 5 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA27A16E9AFFF51FE6EF7B1.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA27A16E9AFFF51FE6EF7B1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..68646336280 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA27A16E9AFFF51FE6EF7B1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + + +Ligophorus navjotsodhii + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 7i, 7A–F +) + + + +Type-host +. + +— + +Liza subviridis +Valenciennes + + + + +Type-locality +. + +— + +Off Carey Island +, +Banting +, +Malaysia +( +2°51'N +, +101°22'E +) + + + + + + +Type specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.1 + + + + +Paratypes +: +6 paratypes +NHMUK +2012.7.2.2– +7 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +1 paratype +ZRC +.PAR.02 in the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +41 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.444(P)–484(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + +Material studied +. + +— +49 specimens +studied; +49 specimens +measured. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— This species is named in honour of the late Prof. Navjot S. Sodhi, National University of +Singapore +, +Singapore +for his contribution to Science. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Body elongate, 600 (382–801) × 97 (61–134) (n = 49), 3 pairs of head organs, 2 pairs pigmented eye spots, posterior with lenses and bigger than anterior pair. Mouth subterminal, ventral; pharynx ovoid, 31 (24–34) × 31 (24–35) (n = 49); intestine bifurcates posterior to pharynx, rejoins posterior to testis and anterior to peduncle forming cyclocoel. Haptor well demarcated; size 91 (59–136) × 109 (63–158) (n = 49); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, similar, length 13 (11–15) (n = 49); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 36 (33–41) (n = 49), outer length 35 (31–38) (n = 49), inner root 14 (12–15) (n = 49), outer root 8 (6–9) (n = 49), point 6 (4–9) (n = 49); 2 ventral anchors, inner length 36 (32–39) (n = 49), outer length 37 (34–39) (n = 49), inner root 14 (11–16) (n = 49), outer root 9 (7–10) (n = 49), point 7 (5–8) (n = 49); 2 connecting bars: V-shaped dorsal bar, 33 (29–36) × 5 (4–6) (n = 49); ventral bar inverted V-shape, 33 (29–39) × 8 (5–9) (n = 49), AMP consisting of two membranous lateral pieces and a flattened median piece, distance between lateral pieces, 7 (6–10) (n = 49). Testis single, elongate ovoid, postero-dorsal to ovary; posterior region prominent, cells spermatozoa in anterior region, vas deferens leaves anterior region of testis, to sinistral-ventral side, ascends intercaecally, distending, forming seminal vesicle, narrows as vas efferens to enter into smaller lobe of bilobed initial part of copulatory tube. Single elongate gourdshaped prostatic reservoir with prostatic duct leaving reservoir to enter bilobed initial of copulatory tube. Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 71 (63–96) (n = 49) with bilobed initial part and two opposing accessory pieces; an elongate groove piece, 27 (22–30) (n = 49) and similar length elongate non-groove piece with distal hook. Ovary elongate with recurved posterior region, J-shaped ( +Fig. 7i +), anterior end narrows to form oviduct, continues anteriorly as oötype surrounded by Mehlis’ gland; proceeds anteriorly as uterus to open near copulatory tube opening. Vagina and vaginal tube not observed, prominent sperm-filled seminal receptacle at midbody dorsal to ovary, duct from seminal receptacle to oviduct not observed in this species. Vitellarium in lateral fields approximately co-extensive with intestinal caeca, confluent just posterior to intestinal bifurcation, just anterior to ovary and just posterior to cyclocoel. + + + + +Fig. 4. Dendrogram of 50 + +Ligophorus +species + +based on characteristics of the bars (abbreviations for new species as in Fig. 3). + + + + +Fig. 5. Dendrogram of 50 + +Ligophorus +species + +based on the accessory piece of the copulatory organs (abbreviations for new species as in Fig. 3). + + + + +Fig. 6. Dendrogram of 50 + +Ligophorus +species + +based on the AMP of the ventral bar (abbreviations for new species as in Fig. 3). + + + + +Fig. 7. + +Ligophorus navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. 7i, composite illustration of entire worm (dorsal view). 7A–F, sclerotised hard parts: A, dorsal anchors; B, dorsal bar; C, ventral anchors; D, ventral bar (two forms); E, marginal hook; F, male copulatory organ. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— The scatterplot shows that the +49 specimens +of + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +are clustered together and closely associated with + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +and + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +( +Fig. 2 +) in having metrically similar haptoral hard parts as well as copulatory tube. The NT analyses ( +Table 2 +) also indicate that + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +in having similar anchors and two opposing accessory pieces, but they differ in the distal end of the non-grooved part of the accessory piece; hook-like in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +and claw-like in + +L. chelatus +, + +new species +( +Figs. 7F +, +8F +). + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +differs from + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +in having two opposing accessory pieces compared to the single funnel-shaped accessory piece in + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +( +Figs. 7F +, +9F +). The NT analyses ( +Table 2 +) also show that + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. careyensis + +, +new species +in having similar +types +of anchors, accessory piece and AMP, to + +L. llewellyni + +in the structure of the anchors, bars and AMP, to + +L. euzeti + +in anchors and bars, to + +L. zhangi + +in bars and AMP and to + +L. heteronchus + +, + +L. imitans + +, + +L. macrocolpos + +, + +L. minimus + +, + +L. mediterraneus + +, + +L. parvicirrus + +, + +L. pilengas + +, + +L. saladensis + +, and + +L. uruguayense + +in the structure of the anchors and AMP ( +Table 2 +). + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +however differs from all these abovementioned species mainly in possessing a hook-like distal end of the non-grooved piece of the accessory piece ( +Fig. 7F +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA47A14E9DAFF16FE73FD12.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA47A14E9DAFF16FE73FD12.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..906f44be51a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA47A14E9DAFF16FE73FD12.xml @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + + +Ligophorus chelatus + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 8i, 8A–G +) + + + +Type-host. +— + + +Liza subviridis +Valenciennes + + + + +Type-locality +. + +— + +Off Carey Island +, +Banting +, +Malaysia +( +2°51'N +, +101°22'E +) + + + + + + +Type specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.8 + + + + +Paratypes +: +5 paratypes +NHMUK +2012.7.2.9– +13 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +3 paratypes +( +ZRC +.PAR.05) and + + +2 paratypes +( +ZRC +. PAR.08) in the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +39 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.278(P)– 316(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + +Material studied +. + +— +50 specimens +studied; +50 specimens +measured. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— This species is named after the claw-like accessory piece. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Body elongate, 610 (382–801) 95 (52–134) (n = 50), pharynx size 31 (24–37) × 31 (24–35) (n = 30). Head-organs, eye-spots and alimentary system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Haptor well demarcated; size 92 (55–148) × 115 (63–165) (n = 50); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, length 13 (11–16) (n = 50); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 38 (33–41) (n = 50), outer length 37 (30–40) (n = 50), inner root 14 (12–17) (n = 50), outer root 8 (6–10) (n = 50), point 6 (4–8) (n = 50); 2 ventral anchors, inner length 36 (32–39) (n = 50), outer length 38 (30–41) (n = 50), inner root 14 (11–16) (n = 50), outer root 9 (7–11) (n = 50), point 7 (5–10) (n = 50); 2 connecting bars: V-shaped dorsal bar, 34 (29–41) × 5 (4–7) (n = 50); ventral bar inverted W, 35 (29–40) × 8 (6–10) (n = 50), AMP with two membranous lateral pieces and raised median piece, distance between lateral pieces, 7 (5–11) (n = 50). Soft anatomical male reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii +, + +new species +. Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 70 (59–80) (n = 50) with bilobed initial part and two opposing accessory pieces; an elongate groove piece 26 (21–31) (n = 50) and similar length non-groove piece with distal claw. Soft anatomical female reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii +, + +new species +except vagina is sclerotised, vaginal opening median at level of recurved portion of ovary, vaginal tube sclerotised, length 34 (30–37) (n = 10), leading to ovoid seminal receptacle. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— Based on the PCA ( +Fig. 2 +) and NT analyses ( +Table 2 +), + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +in having anchors of similar shape and size and two opposing accessory pieces, but the two species are different in the distal end of the non-grooved part of the accessory piece; claw-like in + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +and hook-like in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +( +Figs. 8F +, +7F +). + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +and + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +are grouped with + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +in the PCA scatterplot ( +Fig. 2 +) based on similarities in measurements of their anchors, bars and copulatory tube but + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +differs from + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +in having two opposing accessory pieces instead of the funnel-like accessory piece of + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +( +Figs. 8F +, +9F +) and from + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +in having a claw-like distal end instead of hook-like distal end of the non-grooved opposing accessory piece ( +Figs. 8F +, +7F +). The NT analyses grouped + +L. chelatus +, + +new species +with + +L. careyensis +, + +new species +based on similarities in the structure of the anchors, bars and accessory piece, with + +L. parvicirrus + +and + +L. minimus + +in the anchors and bars and with + +L. cephali +, +L. chabaudi + +, and + +L. mugilinu + +s in the structure of the anchors and AMP ( +Table 2 +). However + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +differs from all these abovementioned species in having two opposing accessory pieces and from + +L. careyensis + +, +new species +in having the non-grooved opposing piece with a distal claw ( +Fig. 8F +) instead of a distal fork ( +Fig. 12F +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA67A15EB14FD76FE7AFB1F.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA67A15EB14FD76FE7AFB1F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..85c309aaa97 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA67A15EB14FD76FE7AFB1F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + + +Ligophorus funnelus + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 9A–G +) + + + +Type-host +. + +— + +Liza subviridis +Valenciennes + + + + +Type-locality +. + +— + +Off Carey Island +, +Banting +, +Malaysia +( +2°51'N +, +101°22'E +) + + + + + + +Type specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.14 + + + + +Paratypes +: +4 paratypes +NHMUK +2012.7.2.15– +18 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +3 paratypes +ZRC +.PAR.01, +ZRC +. PAR.03 and +ZRC +.PAR.09 in the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +26 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.828(P)–853(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + +Material studied +. + +— +34 specimens +studied; +28 specimens +measured. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— This species is named after its funnel-like accessory piece. Note that ‘funnelus’ is a noun in apposition. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Body elongate, 585 (381–790) × 95 (52–134) (n = 28), pharynx size 34 (29–39) × 34 (30–41) (n = 28). Head-organs, eye-spots, and alimentary system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Haptor well demarcated; size 86 (59–117) × 106 (46–162) (n = 28); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, length 13 (9–15) (n = 28); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 25 (22–28) (n = 28), outer length 24 (23–25) (n = 28), inner root 12 (10–13) (n = 28), outer root 7 (5–8) (n = 28); point 6 (4–7) (n = 28); 2 ventral anchors, inner length 29 (24–32) (n = 28), outer length 34 (31–36) (n = 28), inner root 11 (9–13) (n = 28), outer root 9 (5–11) (n = 28), point 5 (4–7) (n = 28); 2 connecting bars: U-shaped dorsal bar, 38 (35–41) × 4 (3–6) (n = 28); ventral bar inverted V, 34 (30–36) × 7 (6–8) (n = 28), AMP with two membranous lateral pieces and flattened median piece, distance between lateral pieces, 6 (5–7) (n = 28). Soft anatomical male reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 77 (64–85) (n = 28) with bilobed initial part and funnel-like accessory piece, 24 (19–28) (n = 28). Soft anatomical female reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii +, + +new species +except vagina sclerotised, sclerotised vaginal opening, sub-marginal, vaginal tube sclerotised, 37 (33–41) (n = 10), leading to ovoid seminal receptacle, sperm-filled duct from seminal receptacle to oviduct. + + + + +Fig. 9. + +Ligophorus funnelus + +, +new species +: A, dorsal anchors; B, dorsal bar; C, ventral anchors; D, ventral bar (two forms); E, marginal hook; F, male copulatory organ; G, vaginal opening and seminal receptacle. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +is grouped with + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +and + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +( +Fig. 2 +) in the PCA scatterplot in having anchors, bars and copulatory tube of similar sizes. + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +differs in having a single funnel-shaped accessory piece compared to two opposing accessory pieces in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +and + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +( +Figs. 9F +, +7F +, +8F +). The NT analyses show that + +L. funnelus +, + +new species +is similar to + +L. bantingensis +, + +new species +in the structure of the anchors and accessory piece, to + +L. vanbenedenii + +in the anchors and AMP and to + +L. uruguayense + +, + +L. pilengas + +, and + +L. saladensis + +in the structure of the bars and AMP ( +Table 2 +). However + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +differs from these abovementioned species in having a single funnel-shaped accessory piece ( +Fig. 9F +). + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +in the structure of the anchors and in having a funnel-like accessory piece ( +Figs. 9F +, +11F +) but the two species differ in the detailed structure of the accessory piece, where in + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +, the proximal opening is larger compared to the smaller opening in + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +; in the detailed structures of the AMP where + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +has a depressed-flat median piece while + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +has a slight raised median piece ( +Figs. 9D +, +11D +) and + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +is smaller in terms of size of anchors, bars and copulatory tube as shown in the scatterplot ( +Fig. 2 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA77A0AEAD2FB74FD38F9B1.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA77A0AEAD2FB74FD38F9B1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cfcccfbfc3d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFA77A0AEAD2FB74FD38F9B1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + +Ligophorus parvicopulatrix + +, +new species + +( +Fig. 10A–F +) + + + + + +Type-host. +— + + +Liza subviridis +Valenciennes + + + + +Type-locality +. + +— + +Off Carey Island +, +Banting +, +Malaysia +( +2°51'N +, +101°22'E +) + + + + + + +Type specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.19 + + + + +Paratypes +: +6 paratypes +NHMUK +2012.7.2.20– +25 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +1 paratype +ZRC +.PAR.04 in the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +61 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.22(P)–82(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + +Material studied +. + +— +69 specimens +studied; +60 specimens +measured. + + + + +Etymology. +— This species is named after its small copulatory organ. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Body elongate, 1078 (642–1454) × 166 (73–231) (n = 60), pharynx ovoid, 53 (46–59) × 53 (46–59) (n = 30). Head-organs, eye-spots and alimentary system as in + +L +. +navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Haptor well demarcated, size 122 (85–175) × 150 (71–208) (n = 60); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, similar, length 11 (9–13) (n = 60); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 27 (23–30) (n = 60), outer length 29 (24–33) (n = 60), inner root 13 (10–15) (n = 60), outer root 10 (8–12) (n = 60), point 5 (3–8) (n = 60); 2 ventral anchors, inner length 29 (26–32) (n = 60), outer length 34 (32–36) (n = 60), inner root 13 (11–15) (n = 60), outer root 12 (10–14) (n = 60), point 5 (4–6) (n = 60); 2 connecting bars: dorsal bar slightly bent, 49 (38–59) × 5 (3–6) (n = 60); ventral bar broad inverted U, 39 (36–46) × 8 (7–9) (n = 60), AMP with two non-membranous lateral pieces and a raised median piece, distance between lateral pieces, 2 (1–4) (n = 60). Soft anatomical male reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 48 (41–71) (n = 60) with bilobed initial part, ornamentation on smaller lobe and simple tubular grooved accessory piece, 21 (17–26) (n = 60). Soft anatomical female reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +, sclerotised vaginal opening, median, at level of recurved portion of ovary, vaginal tube not observed, ovoid sperm-filled seminal receptacle, seminal receptacle tube to oviduct not observed. + + + + +Fig. 10. + +Ligophorus parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +:A, dorsal anchors; B, dorsal bar; C, ventral anchors; D, ventral bar (two forms); E, marginal hook; F, male copulatory organ. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +is well separated in the PCA scatterplot ( +Fig. 2 +) from the other seven new species and is characterised by having the shortest simple grooved accessory piece and copulatory tube and also in having a raised elongate median piece with two lateral non-membranous pieces. Raised elongated median pieces can be found in + +L. pacificus + +, + +L. domnichi + +, + +L. brasiliensis + +, + +L. tainhae + +, and + +L. lizae + +, but these species differ from + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +in having membranous lateral pieces. Based on NT analyses, + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +is grouped with + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +in having anchors and bars of similar size and with + +L. hamulosus + +in the structure of the anchors, accessory piece and AMP ( +Table 2 +). However, + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +differs from + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +in having a simple grooved accessory piece ( +Fig. 10F +) compared to funnel-like in + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +( +Fig. 11F +). + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. hamulosus + +in the structure of the anchors, in having a grooved accessory piece and two lateral non-membranous pieces in the AMP ( +Table 2 +) but the two species differ in the structure of the median piece of the AMP; a raised elongate median piece in + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +( +Fig. 10D +) compared to the flat median piece in + +L. hamulosus +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFB87A0AEAE9F9D7FAADF78A.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFB87A0AEAE9F9D7FAADF78A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ff86da17fe --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFB87A0AEAE9F9D7FAADF78A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,306 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + + +Ligophorus bantingensis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 11A–F +) + + + +Type-host +. + +— + +Liza subviridis +Valenciennes + + + + +Type-locality +. + +— + +Off Carey Island +, +Banting +, +Malaysia +( +2°51'N +, +101°22'E +) + + + + + + +Type specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.26 + + + + +Paratypes +: +1 paratype +NHMUK 2012.7 +. +2.27 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +2 paratypes +ZRC +.PAR.06 and +ZRC +.PAR. +10 in +the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +14 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.222(P)–235(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + +Material studied +. + +— +18 specimens +studied; +17 specimens +measured. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— This species is named after the +type +locality. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Body elongate, 631 (418–804) × 103 (54– 148) (n = 17), pharynx ovoid, size 35 (26–41) × 33 (24–39) (n = 17). Head-organs, eye-spots and alimentary system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Haptor well demarcated, size 74 (59–98) × 78 (50–105) (n = 17); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, similar, length 11 (8–13) (n = 17); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 22 (20–24) (n = 17), outer length 22 (20–24) (n = 17), inner root 8 (7–10) (n = 17), outer root 4 (3–5) (n = 17), point 9 (7–10) (n = 17); 2 smaller ventral anchors, inner length 14 (12–19) (n = 17), outer length 14 (10–15) (n = 17), inner root 8 (5–10) (n = 17), outer root 4 (2–5) (n = 17), point 6 (4–8) (n = 17); 2 connecting bars: dorsal bar broad, inverted U, 28 (26–32) × 4 (2–5) (n = 17); ventral bar compact, inverted V, 29 (26–31) × 3 (2–4) (n = 17), AMP with two small, compact non-membranous lateral pieces and slightly raised median piece, distance between lateral pieces, 7 (6–8) (n = 17). Soft anatomical male reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 69 (59–97) (n = 17) with bilobed initial part, ornamented on smaller lobe and simple funnel-shaped accessory piece, 23 (18–28) (n = 17). Soft anatomical female reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +except vagina present. Vaginal opening heavily sclerotised, median at level of recurved portion of ovary, vaginal tube thin, sclerotised, 37 (33–42) (n = 10), leading to ovoid sperm-filled seminal receptacle. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +, is unique in possessing the smallest and shortest anchors and bars and having a slender, small funnel-shaped accessory piece compared to all the present new species ( +Fig. 11F +) and hence is distinctly grouped from the present seven species in the PCA scatterplot ( +Fig. 2 +). The NT analyses shows that + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. funnelus +, + +new species +in the structure of the anchors and in having a funnel-like accessory piece but the two species differ in + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +having the smaller anchors and bars and also in the detailed structure of the ventral bar and AMP; small ventral bar with slightly raised median piece in + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +compared to a bigger ventral bar with a flat median piece in + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +( +Figs. 11D +, +9D +) as well as in the smaller proximal opening of the funnel in + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +compared to the larger proximal opening in + +L. funnelus + +, +new species +( +Figs. 11F +, +9F +). Based on NT analyses, + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +and + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +have morphologically similar anchors and bars but in + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +, the anchors and bars are comparatively smaller. + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. huitrempe + +in the structure of the bars and AMP ( +Table 2 +) but differs in the structure of the accessory piece; + +L. bantingensis + +, +new species +has a small slender funnel-like accessory piece ( +Fig. 11F +) compared to a bifurcated accessory piece in + +L. huitrempe + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFB97A08E9B8FF17FD6AFE92.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFB97A08E9B8FF17FD6AFE92.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8b9ebe2d45a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFB97A08E9B8FF17FD6AFE92.xml @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + + +Ligophorus careyensis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 12A–G +) + + + +Type-host +. + +— + +Liza subviridis +Valenciennes + + + + +Type-locality +. + +— + +Off Carey Island +, +Banting +, +Malaysia +( +2°51'N +, +101°22'E +) + + + + +Type-specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.28 + + + + +Paratypes +: +1 paratype +NHMUK 2012.7 +. +2.29 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +1 paratype +ZRC +.PAR.07 in the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +25 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.944(P)–968(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + + + +Material studied +. + +— +28 specimens +studied; +20 specimens +measured. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— This species is named after Carey Island, the +type +locality. + + + + +Description. +— Body elongate, 612 (353–825) × 118 (70–218) (n = 20), pharynx size, 37 (33–45) × 37 (30–49) (n = 20). Head-organs, eye-spots and alimentary system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Haptor well demarcated, size 93 (62–136) × 118 (73–184) (n = 20); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, similar, length 11 (9–13) (n = 20); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 35 (31–39) (n = 20), outer length 33 (27–37) (n = 20), inner root 14 (11–18) (n = 20), outer root 7 (5–12) (n = 20), point 6 (3–10) (n = 20); 2 ventral anchors, inner length 36 (30–39) (n = 20), outer length 40 (32–44) (n = 20), inner root 14 (10–17) (n = 20), outer root 10 (6–13) (n = 20), point 7 (5–9) (n = 20); 2 connecting bars: V-shaped dorsal bar, 37 (33–42) × 5 (3–6) (n = 20); ventral bar inverted V, 41 (34–45) × 8 (6–10) (n = 20), AMP consists of two membranous lateral pieces and flat median piece, distance between membranous lateral pieces, 9 (6–11) (n = 20). Soft anatomical male reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 94 (78–111) (n = 20) with bilobed initial part, ornamented on bigger lobe, two opposing accessory pieces; an elongate groove piece, 25 (20–31) (n = 20) and similar length non-groove piece with distal fork. Soft anatomical female reproductive system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +, sclerotised vaginal opening, median, at level of recurved portion of ovary, vaginal tube thin, sclerotised, 36 (32–40) (n = 10), leading to ovoid seminal receptacle. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— + +L. careyensis + +, +new species +is distinctly grouped from the other seven species in the PCA scatterplot ( +Fig. 2 +) in having the longest copulatory tube and ornamented bilobed initial part ( +Fig. 12F +). From the NT analyses, + +L. careyensis + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +in the structure of the anchors, accessory piece and AMP, to + +L. chelatus + +, +new species +in the anchors, bars and accessory piece, to + +L. minimus + +and + +L. parvicirrus + +in the anchors, bars and AMP and to + +L. heteronchus + +, + +L. imitans + +, + +L. llewellyni + +, + +L. macrocolpos + +, + +L. mediterraneus + +, + +L. pilengas + +, + +L. saladensis + +, and + +L. uruguayense + +in the structure of the anchors and AMP ( +Table 2 +). However + +L. careyensis + +, +new species +differs from all the aforementioned species in having two opposing accessory pieces with a forklike distal end on its non-grooved piece and a long copulatory tube with an ornamented bilobed initial part ( +Fig. 12F +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFBA7A08EAE0FEF6FAC3F8EA.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFBA7A08EAE0FEF6FAC3F8EA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4f0cf60a59e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFBA7A08EAE0FEF6FAC3F8EA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + + +Ligophorus kedahensis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 13A–F +) + + + +Type-host +. + +— + +Valamugil buchanani +Bleeker + + +Type-locality +. + +— +Off Langkawi Island +, +Kedah +, +Malaysia +( +6°21'N +, +99°46'E +) + + + +Type-specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.30 + + + + +Paratypes +: +5 paratypes +NHMUK +2012.7.2.31– +35 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +2 paratypes +( +ZRC +.PAR.11) in the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +59 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.969(P)–1027(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + + + +Material studied +. + +— +67 specimens +studied; +67 specimens +measured. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— This species is named after the state of +Kedah +. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Body elongate, 1181 (567–1455) × 199 (103–278) (n = 67), pharynx size 59 (44–71) × 60 (48–71) (n = 30). Head-organs, eye-spots and alimentary system as in + +L +. +navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Haptor well demarcated, size 141 (74–169) × 139 (81–201) (n = 67); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, similar, length 11 (10–13) (n = 67); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 35 (31–41) (n = 67), outer length 32 (27–37) (n = 67), inner root 16 (12–21) (n = 67), outer root 8 (6–11) (n = 67), point 11 (6–14) (n = 67); 2 ventral anchors, inner length 34 (27–38) (n = 67), outer length 32 (27–35) (n = 67), inner root 17 (12–22) (n = 67), outer root 11 (6–15) (n = 67), point 7 (5–12) (n = 67); 2 connecting bars: dorsal bar broad inverted U, 51 (43–58) × 6 (4–8) (n = 67); ventral bar inverted V, 51 (44–57) × 8 (5–10) (n = 67), AMP consists of two membranous lateral pieces and a raised median piece, distance between lateral pieces, 12 (7–15) (n = 67). Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 65 (57–75) (n = 67) with bilobed initial part and a boat-like simple grooved accessory piece, 33 (25–40) (n = 67). Vaginal opening and tube not observed. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— + +L. kedahensis + +, +new species +is distinctly grouped from the other seven species in the PCA scatterplot ( +Fig. 2 +). This species is the second largest of the present new species. The lateral pieces of the AMP are set far apart as in + +L. zhangi + +except that in the present species, the median piece is raised while in + +L. zhangi + +the median piece is flat. + +L. kedahensis + +, +new species +differs from the present species in having a simple grooved accessory piece which is boat-like ( +Fig. 13F +) compared to + +L. parvicopulatrix + +, +new species +which has a simple grooved accessory piece ( +Fig. 10F +). This species is not grouped with any previous or present species twice for any characters used in the NT analyses. However it is morphologically similar to + +L. fenestrum + +, +new species +based on the copulatory organ (copulatory tube and accessory piece) but differs in + +L. fenestrum + +, +new species +having fenestrated anchors ( +Fig. 14A, C +) and + +L. kedahensis + +, +new species +lack the fenestration ( +Fig. 13A, C +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFBB7A09E9BAFF16FED9F7C6.xml b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFBB7A09E9BAFF16FED9F7C6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7cb06e03785 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F8/87/03F887D1FFBB7A09E9BAFF16FED9F7C6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ + + + +Eight New Species Of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Mugilids Off Peninsular Malaysia + + + +Author + +Lim, O. Y. M. Soo L. H. S. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-08-31 + + +60 + + +2 + + +241 +264 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256712 +2345-7600 +13256712 + + + + + + + +Ligophorus fenestrum + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Fig. 14A–F +) + + + +Type-host +. + +— + +Valamugil buchanani +Bleeker + + + + +Type-locality +. + +— + +Off Langkawi Island +, +Kedah +, +Malaysia +( +6°21'N +, +99°46'E +) + + + + +Type-specimens +. + +— + +Holotype +: +NHMUK 2012.7 +.2.36 + + + + +Paratypes +: +3 paratypes +NHMUK +2012.7.2.37– +39 in +the +Natural History Museum +, +London + +; + +2 paratypes +( +ZRC +.PAR.12) in the +Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research +, +National University +of +Singapore + +; + +21 paratypes +MZUM +(P)2012.1050(P)–1070(P) in the +University of Malaya +collection + +. + + + + + +Materials studied +. + +— +27 specimens +studied; +27 specimens +measured. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— This species is named after the fenestration or windows on the anchors. Note that ‘fenestrum’ is a noun in apposition. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Body elongate, 1727 (1418–2027) × 270 (210–361) (n = 27), pharynx size 92 (77–105) × 94 (75–106) (n = 27). Head-organs, eye-spots and alimentary system as in + +L. navjotsodhii + +, +new species +. Haptor well demarcated, size 141 (104–192) × 129 (84–171) (n = 27); 14 larval +type +marginal hooks, similar, length 12 (11–14) (n = 27); two pairs of anchors; 2 dorsal anchors, inner length 38 (33–41) (n = 27), outer length 35 (31–37) (n = 27), inner root 19 (16–23) (n = 27), outer root 12 (8–16) (n = 27), point 11 (8–14) (n = 27); 2 ventral anchors, inner length 38 (34–40) (n = 27), outer length 36 (32–39) (n = 27), inner root 19 (14–22) (n = 27), outer root 13 (8–16) (n = 27), point 11 (9–13) (n = 27); 2 connecting bars: dorsal bar broad inverted U, 50 (41–57) × 7 (5–10) (n = 27); ventral bar horizontally straight 47 (43–52) × 8 (6–10) (n = 27), bifurcated median piece with no lateral pieces, distance between bifurcated piece, 4 (2–6) (n = 27). Copulatory organ consists of copulatory tube, length 86 (73–95) (n = 27) with bilobed initial part, ornamented on smaller lobe and boat-like simple grooved accessory piece, 34 (29–38) (n = 27). Vaginal opening and tube not observed. + + + + + +Differential diagnosis +. + +— + +L. fenestrum + +, +new species +is different from the other seven species as indicated by the PCA scatterplot ( +Fig. 2 +). It is larger than + +L. kedahensis + +, +new species +, and in fact is the largest of the present + +Ligophorus +species. + +This species is unique in possessing anchors with fenestrations, AMP is composed only of a bifurcated median piece without lateral pieces, a boat-like accessory piece and having the longest dorsal bar among all eight species ( +Fig. 14A–D, F +). The NT analyses indicate that + +L. fenestrum + +, +new species +is similar to + +L. leporinus + +in the structure of the bars, grooved accessory piece and an AMP with bifurcated median piece without lateral pieces but + +L. leporinus + +lacks fenestrated anchors as in + +L. fenestrum + +, +new species +( +Fig. 14A, C +). + + + +Fig. 13. + +Ligophorus kedahensis + +, +new species +: A, dorsal anchors; B, + + +dorsal bar; C, ventral anchors; D, ventral bar; E, marginal hook; F, +male copulatory organ. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/19/34/87/19348795FFBDFFA4C2DB9BC6D9496FA3.xml b/data/19/34/87/19348795FFBDFFA4C2DB9BC6D9496FA3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4a957ea61db --- /dev/null +++ b/data/19/34/87/19348795FFBDFFA4C2DB9BC6D9496FA3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ + + + +The Distinctive Species Characteristics Of Metaprotella Sandalensis Mayer, 1898 (Crustacea: Amphipoda), Commonly Distributed Throughout The Tropical West Pacific Coasts + + + +Author + +Takeuchi, Jacqueline Hui Chern Lim Ichiro + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-02-29 + + +60 + + +1 + + +23 +34 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256658 +2345-7600 +13256658 + + + + + + +Genus + +Metaprotella +Mayer, 1890 + + + + + + + + +Diagnosis +. + +— Head fused (suture present or vestigial as slight concaved area) with pereonite 1. Antenna 1 well developed; flagellum with more than 2 articles. Antenna 2 well developed; flagellum with 2 articles. Mandible well developed; molar present, well developed; palp 3-articulate, setal formula 1-x-y-1 or 1-x-1. Maxilliped well developed; inner plate (basal endite) smaller than outer plate (ischial endite); outer plate (ischial endite) well developed; palp article 3 with distal projection; palp article 4 well developed. Pereonite 4 clavate appendage absent. Pereonites 6 and 7 completely fused (dorsal suture absent). Pereopod 3 vestigial, with 1 article. Pereopod 4 vestigial, with 1 article. Pereopod 5 well developed, with 7 articles, with sparse, short setae and well-developed dactylus. Pereopods 6 and 7 well developed, with 7 articles. Gills on pereonites 3 and 4. Pleopods absent. Uropods 2 pairs; biarticulate, uniramous and vestigial (unclear). +Telson +(dorsal lobe) present. + + + + + + +Type +species + +. + +— + +Protella haswelliana +Mayer, 1882 + +, by monotypy + + + + + +Remarks +. + +— The generic diagnosis of the + +Metaprotella + +was recently defined by Takeuchi & Lowry (2007) based on newly collected material of + +M. haswelliana +( +Mayer, 1882 +) + +, the +type +species of + +Metaprotella + +from Albany, +Western Australia +. Unlike + +M. haswelliana +( +Mayer, 1882 +) + +which has a clear suture between the head and pereonite 1, + +Metaprotella sandalensis +Mayer, 1898 + +has a more vestigial suture, recognised by a slight concave area (see +Fig. 1 +). Thus, the generic diagnosis of + +Metaprotella + +in this paper is revised in order to include this variation. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/19/34/87/19348795FFBDFFAEC1BB98E4DACF6BE1.xml b/data/19/34/87/19348795FFBDFFAEC1BB98E4DACF6BE1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..64a639515cc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/19/34/87/19348795FFBDFFAEC1BB98E4DACF6BE1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1121 @@ + + + +The Distinctive Species Characteristics Of Metaprotella Sandalensis Mayer, 1898 (Crustacea: Amphipoda), Commonly Distributed Throughout The Tropical West Pacific Coasts + + + +Author + +Takeuchi, Jacqueline Hui Chern Lim Ichiro + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2012 + +2012-02-29 + + +60 + + +1 + + +23 +34 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256658 +2345-7600 +13256658 + + + + + + + +Metaprotella sandalensis +Mayer, 1898 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1–6 +) + + + + + + + +Metaprotella sandalensis +Mayer, 1898: 53–56 + + +, +Figs. 1–6 +; 1903: 40–42 (in part), Plate 1, Fig. 36, Plate 6, Figs. 56–58, Plate 9, Figs. 16, 44; McCain & Steinberg, 1970: 55–56; + +Müller, 1990: 836–842 + +, Figs. 41–64; + +Laubitz, 1991: 113 + +, Fig. 10. + + + + +Not + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +: + +Utinomi, 1973: 29–31 + +, +Fig. 1 +; + +Arimoto, 1976: 48–49 + +, Fig. 20; + +Guerra-García, 2003b: 14–15 + +, Fig. 8; 2004b: 163–165, +Figs. 4 +, +5 +. + + + + + + +Material examined +. + +— + +1 male +, ( +AM +P.87572), hydroids, + +12 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +27 Nov.1995 + + +; + +1 premature male, ( +AM +P.87573), hydroids, + +12 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +27 Nov.1995 + + +; + +2 males +( +AM +P.87574), red alga, + +12 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +27 Nov.1995 + + +; + +2 males +and +1 female +, ( +AM +P.87575), red alga under hanging of the coral reef, + +6 m + +, +Dokin +(= +Joking +) ( +20°42.15'S +, +167°09.90'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +28 Nov.1995 + + +; + +1 female +, ( +AM +P.87576), + +Halimeda +sp. + +on the small pass on the surface of the coral reef, + +3 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +28 Nov.1995 + + +; + +3 males +and +3 females +, ( +AM +P.87577), + +Halimeda +sp. + +on the small pass on the surface of the coral reef, + +3 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +28 Nov.1995 + + +; + +2 males +, ( +AM +P.87578), + +Halimeda +sp. + +, + +18 m + +, +Dozip +(= +Jozip +), west coast of +Lifou Island +( +20°56.30'S +, +167°20.85'E +), +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +29 Nov.1995 + + +; + +1 male +and +1 female +, (MNHN-IU-2011-5620), green alga, meshed +type +, + +10 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +27 Nov.1995 + + +; + +1 male +, (MNHN-IU-2011-5621), hydroids, + +12 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +27 Nov.1995 + + +; + +1 male +and +1 female +, (MNHN-IU-2011-5622), red alga near the bottom of the steep reef, + +8 m + +, +Dokin +(= +Joking +), +Lifou Island +( +20°42.15'S +, +167°09.90'E +), +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +28 Nov.1995 + + +; + +3 males +and +3 females +(1 premature), (MNHN-IU-2011-5623), red alga in the pot of the surface of the reef, + +2 m + +, +Dokin +(= +Joking +), +Lifou Island +( +20°42.15'S +, +167°09.90'E +), +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +28 Nov.1995 + + +; + +3 males +, (MNHN-IU-2011-5624), red alga & hydroids along the steep reef, + +8–10 m + +, +Pointe de Easo +(= +Easho +), +Baie de Sandal +( +20°47.27'S +, +167°07.34'E +), +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +, coll. +I. Takeuchi +, + +28 Nov.1995 + + +. + + + + + +Type +locality + +. + +— +Sandal Bay +, +Lifou Island +, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia + +. + + + + + +Description +. — Male. + +Body length, +8.87 mm +. AM P.87572. Head, +0.37 mm +, and pereonite 1, +0.35 mm +; head and pereonite 1 fused, with a slight concaved area between head and pereonite 1; head with a pair of anterodorsally curved projections and subtriangular lateral projection below the eye; eye large, distinctive. Pereonite 2, +1.15 mm +with a pair of anteriorly curved mid-dorsal projections, an unpaired dorsodistal projection and anterior lateral projection. Pereonite 3, +2.09 mm +with a pair of mid-dorsal projections and a dorsodistal projection. Pereonite 4 longest, +2.28 mm +. Pereonite 5 almost subequal to pereonite 3, +2.05 mm +. Pereonites 6 and 7 completely fused, +0.58 mm +. +Antenna 1 +about 0.8× body length; peduncular article 2 about 2.3× longer than article 1; article 3 longest, 1.1× longer than article 2; flagellum with more than 11 articles, proximal article composed of 3 articles. +Antenna 2 +slender, about 0.5× the length of antenna 1; flagellum 0.2× peduncular length, with 2 articles; proximal article 3.5× distal article ( +Fig. 1 +). + + + +Fig. 1. + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +, male, 8.87 mm, AM P.87572, Pointe de Easo (= Easho), Baie de Sandal, Lifou Island. Scales for A1, G1, and HD represent 0.1 mm; A2 and G2 represent 0.2 mm; whole body represents 0.5 mm. + + + +Upper lip +notched, wider than long, forming rounded quadrilateral projections. +Lower lip +well developed, finely setose on inner lobe. +Mandible +left incisor with 5 teeth followed by lacina mobilis with 5 teeth and 2 accessory bundled setae; molar well developed, truncate; palp 3 articulate; article 2 with 4 simple setae; article 3 with setal formula 1-11-2-1 and several setules along terminal margin. +Maxilla 1 +outer plate with 7 stout apical setal-teeth; palp biarticulate; article 2, 5× the length of article 1 with 4 triangular projections at distal margin and armed with 3 robust setae, 2 slender setae and 3 facial setae. +Maxilla 2 +inner plate with 5 apical setae and 2 medial setae; outer plate with 8 apical setae and 2 medial setae. +Maxilliped +basal endite (inner plate) subrectangular with 1 stout tooth, 2 simple setae and 2 plumose setae apically; ischial endite (outer plate) 2× the length of inner plate with 1 plumose setae apically; inner margin with many blade-like setae and 2 setae medially; palp 4 articulate; article 2 longest and setose on inner margin; article 3 subequal in length with article 1 with a large triangular distal projection, 7 setae on inner margin and 2 setae on outer margin; palp article 4 (dactylus) falcate, with row of setules ( +Fig. 2 +). + + +Pereon. +Gnathopod 1 +basis subequal in length to ischium, merus and carpus combined; carpus subtriangular, setose posterodistally; propodus subtriangular, longer than wide (1.8× width) with 4 rows of submarginal setae, palm begins 1/5 along posterior margin with 1 robust/stout proximal setae, minutely setose along 3/4 of palm; dactylus slightly curved distally, inner margin with serratiformed teeth. +Gnathopod 2 +nearly 2× the length of gnathopod 1, begins 1/5 along anterior margin of pereonite 2; basis 0.75× the length of pereonite 2, scarcely setose, with an acute anterodistal projection provided with 1 seta; carpus triangular; propodus enlarged, subovate and subequal in length to basis; palm proximal projection with 1 robust seta (grasping spine), mid-palmar projection with 1 seta followed by a deep sinus and a well-developed distal shelf with 2 projections, palm with serratiform teeth between grasping proximal and mid-palmar projection; dactylus falcate, with several fine setae ( +Fig. 1 +). +Gill 3 +length 0.25× pereonite 3, oval. +Pereopod 3 +slender, 0.1× pereonite 3, 1 articulate with 5 distal setae and 1 lateral seta. +Gill 4 +length 0.25× pereonite 4, oval, smaller than gill 3. +Pereopod 4 +slender, 0.1× pereonite 4, 1 articulate with 5 distal setae and 1 lateral seta. +Pereopod 5 +well developed, carpus and propodus subequal in length, propodus with a pair of grasping spines near proximal end of palm and a tuff of distal setae, dactylus falcate with several fine setae along inner and outer margin. +Pereopod 6 +lacking in this specimen. +Pereopod 7 +more robust than pereopod 5, basis subequal in length with carpus, carpus with with several spines along inner margin, propodus longest with a pair of proximal grasping spines, dactylus falcate ( +Fig. 3 +). + + +Pleon. +Uropod 1 +uniramus with 5 setae along outer margin. Tuff of setae present between penes and uropod 1. +Uropod 2 +ramus very vestigial, confused with abdomen. +Telson +with a pair of fine setae and a pair of plumose setae ( +Fig. 3 +). + + +Female. +Body length, +5.03 mm +. AM P.87576. Head length +0.34 mm +and pereonite 1, +0.18 mm +; head and pereonite 1 fused, with a slight concaved area between head and pereonite 1. Head with a pair of anterodorsally curved projections; eye large, distinctive; subtriangular lateral projection below the eye absent; pereonite 2, +0.93 mm +with a pair of anteriorly curved mid-dorsal projection, a dorsodistal projection, and a small knobbed-like anterior lateral projection; pereonite 3, +0.80 mm +with a pair of mid-dorsal projections and a dorsodistal projection; pereonite 4, 1.00 mm; pereonite 5, +1.34 mm +, longest; pereonites 6 and 7 completely fused, +0.44 mm +. +Antenna 1 +, 0.7× body length; peduncular article 1 shortest; article 2 longest, 2.6 x longer than article 1; article 3, 1.7× longer than article 1; flagellum with 10 articles, proximal article composed of 2 articles. +Antenna 2 +slender, about 0.6× the length of antenna 1; flagellum 0.2× peduncular length, with 2 articles; proximal article 2.3× distal article ( +Fig. 4 +). + + +Upper lip +notched, wider than long, forming rounded quadrilateral projections. +Mandible +right incisor with 5 teeth followed by lacina mobilis with many small teeth and 2 accessory bundled setae; molar flake present; molar well developed, truncate; palp 3 articulate; article 2 with 5 simple setae; article 3 with setal formula 1-9-2-1. +Mandible +left incisor with 5 teeth followed by lacina mobilis with 5 teeth and 2 accessory bundled setae; molar well developed, truncate; palp 3 articulate; article 2 with 6 simple setae; article 3 with setal formula 1-10-2-1. +Maxilla +1 outer plate with 7 stout apical setal-teeth; palp biarticulate; article 2 about 3 x the length of article 1 with 4 triangular projections at distal margin and armed with 6 setae and a row of 4 slender facial seate. +Maxilla +2 inner plate with 9 setae; outer plate with 14 apical setae. +Maxilliped +basal endite (inner plate) subrectangular with 1 stout tooth, 2 simple setae and 2 plumose setae apically; ischial endite (outer plate) 2× the length of inner plate with 1 setae apically; inner margin with many blade-like setae and 2 setae medially; palp 4 articulate; article 2 longest and setose on inner margin; article 3 with large triangular distal projection and 12 setae at distal margin, subequal in length with article 4 (dactylus); dactylus falcate, with row of setules ( +Fig. 5 +). + + +Pereon. +Gnathopod +1 basis subequal in length to ischium, merus and carpus combined; carpus subtriangular, setose posterodistally; propodus subtriangular, longer than wide with 3 rows of submarginal setae, palm begins 1/5 along posterior margin with serratiform teeth along entire margin and a strong proximal spine; dactylus slightly curved distally, inner margin with serratiformed teeth. +Gnathopod +2 begins 1/6 along anterior margin of pereonite 2; basis 0.6× the length of pereonite 2, scarcely setose, with an anterodistal projection provided with two setae; carpus triangular; propodus 0.6× the length of pereonite 2, enlarged, and subovate; palm without any excavations, setose along entire margin, proximal projection with 1 robust seta; dactylus falcate, fitting on palm ( +Fig. 4 +). +Gill 3 +length 0.4× of pereonite 3, oval. +Pereopod 3 +slender, 0.3× of pereonite 3, 0.7× gill length, 1 articulate, with 7 distal setae and 1 lateral seta. +Oostegite 3 +length 1.0× the width, setose along entire margin. +Gill 4 +, 0.2× of pereonite 4, oval. +Pereopod 4 +slender, 0.14× of pereonite 4, 0.6× gill length, 1 articulate with 5 distal setae and 1 lateral seta. +Oostegite 4 +length 0.7× the width with 7 setae on anterior margin. Pereopods 5, 6 and 7 similar, becoming more robust progressively. +Pereopod 5 +propodus with a pair of stout setae near proximal end of palm; dactylus falcate. +Pereopod 6 +basis and merus length subequal with pereopod 5 basis and merus; propodus with a pair of stout setae near proximal end of palm; dactylus falcate with 1 plumose seta on anterior margin at proximal region. +Pereopod 7 +basis subequal in length to ischium and merus combined; propodus with a pair of proximal stout setae; dactylus falcate ( +Fig. 6 +). + + + +Fig. 2. + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +, male, 8.87 mm, AM P.87572, Pointe de Easo (= Easho), Baie de Sandal, Lifou Island. All scales represent 0.05 mm. + + + + +Fig. 3. + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +, male, 8.87 mm, AM P.87572, Pointe de Easo (= Easho), Baie de Sandal, Lifou Island. Scales for ABD (L) and ABD (V) represent 0.05 mm; P3 and P4 represent 0.1 mm; P5 and P7 represent 0.2 mm. + + + + +Fig. 4. + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +, female, 5.03 mm, AM P.87576, Pointe de Easo (= Easho), Baie de Sandal, Lifou Island. Scales for G1 and G2 represent 0.1 mm; A1, A2, and whole body represent 0.2 mm. + + + + +Fig. 5. + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +, female, 5.03 mm, AM P.87576, Pointe de Easo (= Easho), Baie de Sandal, Lifou Island. All scales represent 0.05 mm. + + + +Pleon. +Uropod 2 +present, ramus very vestigial, confused with abdomen. + +Telson + +with a pair of fine setae and a pair of plumose setae ( +Fig. 6 +). + + + + + +Remarks +. + +— +Mayer (1898) +described this species from the collections of Dr. Arthur Willey from transparent ascidians at +18–27 m +depth in Sandal Bay, Lifou Island, +Loyalty Islands +, but did not indicate where the type material were deposited. His description was based on a male of +9 mm +body length, with figures of a lateral view, mandibular palp, maxilliped, gnathopods 1 and 2, and abdomen. This specimen was then redescribed in +Mayer (1903) +. In +Mayer (1898) +, female specimens were collected but none were described. McCain &Steinberg (1970) mentioned the location of the type material for + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +as Universitetets Zoologiske Museum (= Zoologisk Museum), Copenhagen, while Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam has varietal types. The Zoologisk Museum, however, possesses the types of + +Metaprotella sandalensis singaporensis +, + +but not those of + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +(N. L. Bruce, pers. comm.). This situation suggests the possibility that other institution(s) might possess the types of + +Metaprotella sandalensis +, + +and as such, we prefer not to designate a +neotype +from the present material until the status of the type material is ascertained. + + +The redescription of a male specimen from the present study closely resembles the original description by +Mayer (1898) +in the following characteristics: body somites of our specimen possess a slight concave area between head and pereonite 1 representing the presence of a vestigial suture; antenna 1 very long, nearly as long as body length; peduncular article 1–3 longer than half of the body length, article 3 longer than article +2 in +larger male (> ca. 6.0 mm in body length); a pair of anterodorsally curved projections on the head; a subtriangular lateral projection below the eye at the point of insertion of the mandibles; pereonite 2 and 3 each with a pair of anteriorly curved mid-dorsal projections and an unpaired dorsodistal projection. As shown in +Fig. 7 +, the length of antenna 1 is about 0.6 to 0.8 times the body length in both sexes. Apart from that, specimens of both sexes also have a projection positioned latero-ventrally near the anterior margin of pereonite 2. + +Similarities in mouthparts are also apparent, specifically: 1) mandibular palp with setal formula of 1-8 or more-2-1; and 2) maxilliped palp article 3 with an inwardly directed large triangular distal projection. + +Gnathopods 1 and 2 of the present study are largely similar in shape and form to +Mayer’s (1898) +description; however, slight differences do occur in setae density in gnathopod 1, with the present specimen slightly more setose in the carpus and propodus region than +Mayer’s (1898) +. In both this study and +Mayer (1898) +, gnathopod 2 palm is armed with serratiform teeth (blunt teeth) between grasping proximal and mid-palmar projection. However, our specimens have a basis with an acute anterodistal projection (not shown in +Mayer [1898] +). Pereopods 3 and 4 are also similar; slender and are half or nearly half of gill length. + + +Mayer’s (1898) +description of the male abdomen is similar to ours, with two pairs of uropods, with uropod 1 uniramus and uropod 2 ramus, very vestigial and difficult to distinguish from the abdomen. Thus, our male specimen agrees well with the original description of +Mayer (1898) +, except for a few minor differences, such as the presence of a single projection positioned latero-ventrally near the anterior margin of pereonite 2 (paired projection otherwise known as robust spines in +Mayer [1898] +) and pereopods 3 and 4 with three long and two short setae (one long and six short setae in +Mayer [1898] +). Apart from that, pereopods 5–7 of the present study were not compared, as figures were not provided in +Mayer (1898) +. + + +Currently, the following descriptions represent the recent literature on + +Metaprotella sandalensis +Mayer, 1898 + +; +Utinomi (1973) +and +Arimoto (1976) +from +Japan +, +Müller (1990) +from +French Polynesia +, +Laubitz (1991) +from +Indonesia +and +Philippines +, +Guerra-García (2003a) +from +Papua New Guinea +, +Guerra-García (2003b) +from +Mauritius +, +Guerra-García (2004a) +from Western Australia and Northern Territory, +Guerra-García (2004b) +from +Phuket +, +Thailand +, +Krapp-Schickel & Guerra-García (2005) +from +Indonesia +, and +Guerra-García (2006) +and Guerra-García & Lowry (2009) from the Great Barrier Reef and adjacent localities. + + +Of these studies, +Müller’s (1990) +and +Laubitz’s (1991) +descriptions are the most similar to ours and +Mayer’s (1898) +in the characteristics mentioned above. +Laubitz’s (1991) +figures and descriptions show strong similarity to +Mayer’s (1898) +figures and agree well with the present illustrations. The only differences were the presence of a projection found posterior to the gnathopod 2 attachment (not found in +Mayer [1898] +and +Müller [1990] +) and the length ratio of antenna 1 peduncular article 2 and 3. +Mayer (1898) +, +Müller (1990) +, and the present study have peduncular article 2 slightly shorter than article 3 (~0.8× shorter) whilst Laubitz’s figure shows article 2 longer than article 3 (~1.7× longer). There were also minor differences in certain appendages in +Müller (1990) +, such as, antenna 1; proximal article of flagellum is composed of two articles as compared to three articles in our study. + + + +Fig. 6. + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +, female, 5.03 mm, AM P.87576, Pointe de Easo (= Easho), Baie de Sandal, Lifou Island. Scales for ABD (L) and ABD (V) represent 0.05 mm; P3, P4, P5, P6, and P7 represent 0.1 mm. + + + +However, the similarity of other descriptions, such as +Guerra-García (2003a +, +2004a +, +2006 +), +Krapp-Schickel & Guerra-García (2005) +, and Guerra-García & Lowry (2009), to ours and +Mayer’s (1898) +is questionable. Most of these studies ( +Guerra-García, 2004a +, +2006 +; +Krapp-Schickel & Guerra-García, 2005 +; Guerra-García & Lowry, 2009) share one common characteristic; the length of male antenna 1 being shorter than those of the present study (see +Fig. 7 +); <3/5 +th +of the body length. The body lengths reported in these five studies were between +6.5 to 9.4 mm +, which overlaps with large males of our study having longer antenna 1. Moreover, most of the appendages and mouthparts were not described and/or figures were not provided. Based on whole body figures provided in these five studies, only +Krapp-Schickel & Guerra-García (2005) +reported Indonesian specimens with a subtriangular lateral projection below the eye, while the other four are either not drawn or absent. In addition, the palmar margin of gnathopod 2 for these four is also difficult to ascertain (distal shelf with 1–2 triangular projections). Guerra-García & Lowry (2009) also mentioned the setal formula of the mandibular palp as (1-x-1) in the description as compared to 1-x-y- +1 in +both our study and +Mayer’s (1898) +. Although the male of +Guerra-García (2003a) +from +Papua New Guinea +possesses a relatively longer antenna 1 (ca. 4/5 +th +of body length) its head lacks a subtriangular lateral projection below the eye. + + + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +from +Utinomi (1973) +and +Arimoto (1976) +from +Japan +, and +Guerra-García (2003b +, +2004b +), from +Mauritius +and +Thailand +, respectively, clearly differs from + +M. sandalensis + +of this study and +Mayer’s (1898) +. This may be explained by +Japan +and +Mauritius +being at the extremes of the distribution thus far reported. + + +Utinomi (1973) +described specimens collected from Shirahama, Kii Peninsula, central +Japan +. +Arimoto (1976) +cited the descriptions and figures of +Utinomi (1973) +in the monograph of the +Caprellidae +of +Japan +. +Utinomi’s (1973) +description differs from ours and +Mayer’s (1898) +in the absence of a subtriangular lateral projection below the eye, absence of an anterior lateral projection on pereonite 2, subequal length of pereonites 4 and 5, oval-shaped gills instead of elongated, setal formula of the mandibular palp (1-x-1) as compared to 1-x-y-1 and tuff of minute setae on distal margin of uropod 1 ramus instead of normal setae. + + + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +collected from +Mauritius +( +Guerra-García, 2003b +) differs from the present study and +Mayer’s (1898) +in its more prominent suture, the absence of a subtriangular lateral projection below the eye, the absence of an anterior lateral projection on pereonite 2, the length ratio of pereopod 3 or 4 to gill (1/4 of gill as compared to 1/3 of gill in our study) and very short peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 (0.4× the length of article 2 as compared to 1.1× the length of article +2 in +our study). +Krapp-Schickel & Guerra-García (2005) +suggests that + +M. sandalensis + +from +Mauritius +might be an unknown species close to + +Metaprotella africana +Mayer, 1903 + +recorded from +Djibouti +in the Gulf of Aden, northwest Indian Ocean. + + +Material examined by +Guerra-García (2004b) +from +Phuket +is similar to ours in the longer peduncular article 3 of antenna 1 (1.3× longer than article 2) and arrangement of the dorsal projections, but differs in the presence of an extra subtriangular lateral projection situated postero-ventrally on the head; a paired projection positioned latero-ventrally near the anterior margin of pereonite 2 (also found in +Mayer [1898] +); its subequal length of pereonites 4 and 5; tuff of minute setae on distal margin of uropod 1 ramus (five normal setae along outer margin in the present study); palmar margin of gnathopod 2 with a long narrow proximal projection provided with a very short robust setae (grasping spine) almost like a stub, mid-palmar projection also very narrow and elongated and absence of a well developed distal shelf ( +Fig. 5C +in +Guerra-García [2004b] +). According to +Guerra-García (2004b) +, differences in the structure of gnathopod 2 (shown in +Figs. 5C, 5D +) were due to different growth stages. Gnathopod 2 of +Fig. 5D +is closer to our study and +Mayer’s (1898) +. However, +Fig. 5C +appears to be very different. Considering all these differences, we feel that the specimen from +Guerra-García (2004b) +is unique and distinctively different from the present study and +Mayer (1898) +. + + + +Fig. 7. The relationship between antenna 1 length and body length of + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +collected from coastal areas of Lifou Island. + + + +In conclusion, the descriptions and figures of +Müller (1990) +and +Laubitz (1991) +on + +Metaprotella sandalensis + +, one of the dominant species of the Caprellidea in the tropical west Pacific coasts, are most similar to ours and +Mayer’s (1898) +. Conversely, descriptions by +Guerra-García (2003b +, +2004b +), respectively from +Mauritius +and +Thailand +, as well as +Utinomi (1973) +and +Arimoto (1976) +from +Japan +are clearly different from the + +M. sandalensis + +of this study and +Mayer’s (1898) +. + +M. sandalensis + +in +Guerra-García (2003a +, +2004a +, +2006 +), +Krapp-Schickel & Guerra-García (2005) +, and Guerra-García & Lowry (2009) is reported based on lateral view figures of the species. Detailed descriptions of corresponding specimens in the above studies would help to clarify the status of the complex. There are indications that the distribution of + +M. sandalensis + +is more limited than previously thought. The present comparison suggests that further taxonomic studies on this species group are necessary. Detailed drawings and descriptions provided in this study could aid in eliminating further confusion within the + +M. sandalensis + +complex, including subspecies described by +Mayer (1903) +and +Schellenberg (1938) +, and thus establish its definitive characteristics. + + + + + +Distribution +. + +— Lifou Island, +Loyalty Islands +, +New Caledonia +( +Mayer, 1898 +); +Indonesia +, +Philippines +, ( +Laubitz, 1991 +); Bora Bora and Morea, Society Islands ( +Müller, 1990 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/43/7B/87/437B87F6962FFFD1E9059B8BAE05FD1E.xml b/data/43/7B/87/437B87F6962FFFD1E9059B8BAE05FD1E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bafbcd9739b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/43/7B/87/437B87F6962FFFD1E9059B8BAE05FD1E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ + + + +Leocrates bitungensis (Hesionidae, Annelida): a new polychaete species from North Sulawesi, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Pamungkas, Joko + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-26 + + +72 + + +194 +202 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0016 +2345-7600 +13256956 +E854C045-0226-4A51-BC8E-D1F28AE638F3 + + + + + + + +Leocrates bitungensis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 2–4 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: 1 ( +MZB +. Pol. 00240), +Lembeh Strait +, +Bitung City +, +North Sulawesi Province +, +1°27′09.4″N +, +125°14′22.7″E +, coll. +Joko Pamungkas +, + +14 December 2017 + +. + + + + + +Description. +Specimen complete with dorso-ventrally flattened body consisting of 16 chaetigers measuring +18 mm +long by +3 mm +wide at widest area, slightly tapering posteriorly from middle part of body. Body colour in alcohol shiny pale yellow with a more intense colouration on dorsum ( +Fig. 2 +). Prostomium wider than long with anterior margin slightly wider than the posterior, width about half of anterior body width ( +Figs. 2A +& +3A +). Three antennae present. Lateral antennae with indistinct ceratophores, longer than prostomium (i.e., by nearly 1.4 times) and palps (i.e., by nearly 1.6 times). Median antenna much smaller and shorter, about half of prostomium length, situated between posterior eyes, right at body midline ( +Figs. 2A +& +3A +). Between two lateral antennae and symmetrically situated at body midline lies a large conical facial/frontal tubercle ( +Figs. 2A +& +3A +). Palps biarticulated with cylindrical palpophores and conical palpostyles; palpophores larger, 2.3 times longer than palpostyles ( +Figs. 2A +& +3A +). Two pairs of black round eyes present; anterior eyes twice as large and farther apart than posterior pair ( +Figs. 2A +& +3A +). Pharynx fully everted, muscular and slightly expanded distally, with about 30 lobes at anterior margin. Single mid-dorsal and mid-ventral conical jaws present. Dorsal jaw golden and larger; ventral jaw brown and smaller. Lateral vesicles absent ( +Figs. 2A & B +, +3A +). A pair of horizontal C-shaped nuchal organ lobes present, situated posterior to prostomium posterior margin, concealed by anterior margin of tentacular belt. Eight pairs of tentacular cirri with distinct cirrophores supported by visible jet-black acicula present, arranged in three rows, each with 3-3-2 pairs of cirri arranged in dorsal to ventral direction ( +Figs. 2A +& +3A +). + + +Both dorsum and ventrum with lateral cushions, situated at base of each parapodium, pale yellow in colour, size gradually increasing posteriorly up to chaetiger 11, then becoming smaller again towards the last chaetiger ( +Figs. 2 +& +3 +). A faint mid-dorsal longitudinal groove seen around middle part of body ( +Fig. 2A +). Anterior end of ventrum muscular and V-shaped, followed posteriorly by a very shallow but wide longitudinal furrow measuring about half of body width (excluding lateral cushions and parapodia) starting from chaetiger 2 to posterior end. Transverse striae seen along body length, connecting parallel lateral cushions ( +Fig. 2B +). + + + +Fig. 2. Whole body of + +Leocrates bitungensis + +, +new species +. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. + + + +Dorsal cirri whip-like and much longer than ventral cirri; longest dorsal cirri at chaetigers 10 and 11, i.e., nearly 0.4 times body length ( +Fig. 2A +). Length of ventral cirri almost similar in all chaetigers ( +Fig. 2B +). Parapodia of chaetigers 1–4 uniramous with dorsal and ventral cirri ( +Fig. 4A +). Parapodia of chaetigers 5–16 subbiramous, i.e., notopodia considerably smaller than neuropodia ( +Fig. 4B & C +). Notoacicular lobes with a blunt tip bearing a jet-black aciculum ( +Fig. 4B & C +). Notochaetae delicate and sparse ( +Fig. 4B +). Neuroacicular lobes projected, with a blunt tip, wider than long ( +Fig. 4B & C +). Neurochaetae compound falcigers with bidentate blades, guards approaching subdistal tooth ( +Fig. 4D +); about 20 chaetae per bundle, blade length decreasing in size ventrally ( +Fig. 4A–C +). + + +Posterior region tapered. Prepygidial segment with two pairs of dorsolateral cirri. Pygidium with a dorsoterminal anus bearing two paired anal cirri ( +Figs. 2A +& +3B +). Oocytes not seen. + + + + +Remarks. + +Leocrates bitungensis + +, +new species +, differs from all other + +Leocrates +species + +in that its anterior eyes are small, i.e., approximately 1/15 of the prostomial width, and larger than the posterior ones. In addition, the distal end of the notoacicular lobes is blunt, and the number of neurochaetae are scarce, with about 20 chaetae per bundle. Based on these characteristics, + +L. bitungensis + +, +new species +, closely resembles + +L. reishi +Salazar-Vallejo, 2020 + +. + +Leocrates bitungensis + +, +new species +, however, possesses: (1) lateral antennae with indistinct ceratophores, (2) a pharynx without lateral vesicles, (3) lateral cushions situated at the base of each parapodium, (4) projected neuroacicular lobes with a blunt tip that is wider than long, and (5) the body colour (in alcohol) that is shiny pale yellow with a more intense colouration on the dorsum. + +Leocrates reishi + +, by contrast, possesses: (1) lateral antennae with distinct ceratophores, (2) a pharynx with lateral vesicles, (3) lateral cushions situated between parapodia, (4) projected neuroacicular lobes with a blunt tip that is as long as wide, and (5) the body colour (in alcohol) that is shiny brownish with a more intense colouration on the dorsum. + + + +Fig. 3. Close-ups of + +Leocrates bitungensis + +, +new species +. A, anterior end; B, posterior end. Abbreviations: an = anus; ac = anal cirrus; cp = cirrophore; dc = dorsal cirrus; ey = eye; ft = facial/frontal tubercle; la = lateral antenna; lc = lateral cushion; ma = median antenna; mdj = mid-dorsal jaw; nec = neurochaetae; pa = palp; pdc = prepygidial dorsolateral cirrus; ph = pharynx; pl = pharyngeal lobe; tb = tentacular belt. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. + + + + +Leocrates bitungensis + +, +new species +, is also similar to + +L. ahlfeldae +Salazar-Vallejo, 2020 + +from +India +, + +L. chinensis +Kinberg, 1866 + +from +Hong Kong +, and + +L. giardi +Gravier, 1900 + +from the Red Sea. Nevertheless, + +L. bitungensis + +, +new species +, along with + +L. reishi + +, are the only species with blunt notoacicular lobes, whereas the other three species have tapered notoacicular lobes. A small number of neurochaetae (15–20 per bundle) in + +L. bitungensis + +, +new species +, also distinguishes this species from both + +L. ahlfeldae + +and + +L. chinensis + +. The number of neurochaetae in + +L. giardi + +is comparable to those in + +L. bitungensis + +, but in the former, the notoacicular lobes are tapered. + + + + +Fig. 4. Parapodia and chaetae of + +Leocrates bitungensis + +, +new species +. A, anterior parapodium (chaetiger 3); B, middle parapodium (chaetiger 8); C, posterior parapodium (chaetiger 15); D, close-up of a mid-parapodial neurochaeta (chaetiger 8). Abbreviations: cir = cirrophore; dc = dorsal cirrus; nec = neurochaetae; nel = neuroacicular lobe; neu = neuropodium; noc = notochaetae; nol = notoacicular lobe; not = notopodium; vc = ventral cirrus. Scale bar A, B, C = 200 +M +m; D, 25 +M +m. + + + + +Etymology. +The species is named after the city of Bitung where it was collected. + + + + +Distribution. +Known only from the +type +locality. + + +Habitat. +The species inhabits crevices in reef rubble in the intertidal zone. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/76/42/87/764287CDFFD7FFD3A3F6FEC7FEE3FCEF.xml b/data/76/42/87/764287CDFFD7FFD3A3F6FEC7FEE3FCEF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c4f95733301 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/76/42/87/764287CDFFD7FFD3A3F6FEC7FEE3FCEF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,741 @@ + + + +Assessing the threat of the oyster genus Magallana (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) in Singapore to the Australian marine environment + + + +Author + +Tan, Koh Siang + + + +Author + +, Siong Kiat Tan + + + +Author + +, Sherralee S. Lukehurst + + + +Author + +Wells, + + + +Author + +Fred E. + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +72 + + +162 +183 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0014 +2345-7600 +13256912 +5532C0BD-B3A6-457A-9632-7A2E473A0196 + + + + + + + +Magallana bilineata +( +Röding, 1798 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1 +, +2C, D +, +4A–I +, +6D–F +, +7 +, +8 +) + + + + + + + +Ostrea bilineata +Röding, 1798: 170 + + +( +type +locality: not stated). + + + + +Ostrea lugubris +GB Sowerby II, 1871 + +(in 1870–1871): unnumbered caption page to pl., pl. 26, fig. 63 ( +type +locality: “North America?”). + + + + + +Ostrea iredalei + +Faustino, 1932: 546 + + + +, 547, pl. 1, figs. 1–4 ( +type +locality: “ +Navotas +, +Malabon +, +Parañaque +, and other places on +Manila +Bay +”, +Philippines +). + + + + + + +Ostrea madrasensis + +Preston, 1916: 33–35 + + + +, figs. 11, 11a ( +type +locality: “ +Ennur +backwater, +Madras +”, +India +). + + + + + + +Published +Singapore +records. + + + + + + + +Crassostrea lugubris + +– + +Ranson, 1967: 167 + +, 168. + + + + + +Magallana bilineata + +– + +Chan & Lau, 2022: 1 + +, figs, 2–6 (Changi Beach). + + + + + +Material examined. + +Singapore +: +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.8582). +Seletar +, coll. +Lim CF +, 1964 + +; + +9 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.8611), +11 ex. +(dry shells) ( +ZRC +.MOL.8613), +5 ex. +(dry shells) ( +ZRC +.MOL.8615), +Johor Strait +, kelong no. E10, near +Pulau Tekong +, coll. +Yang +SL +, 1986 + +; + +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.9714), +Punggol Port +, intertidal on rocks, coll. +Lim CF +, + +10 September 2007 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.8637), +Sungei Serangoon +, ex +Lorong Halus +charcoal warehouse, coll. +Low +MEY, + +1 July 2010 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.26389), off +Northeast Pulau Tekong +, floating oyster farm, coll. +Tan SK +, + +28 February 2011 + + +; + +2 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.8635), +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +. MOL.27070), +Pulau Semakau +, +Phase II +lagoon, coll. +Tan SK +, + +2–3 March 2011 + + +; + +2 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.28669), +Pulau Ketam +, mangroves, coll. +Lai +JCY, + +23 November 2011 + + +; + +6 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27255), +Pulau Semakau +, +Phase II +, coll. +Tan SK +et al., + +23 August 2012 + + +; + +2 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.28476), +Lazarus Island +, coll. +Lee BY +et al., + +9 August 2019 + + +; + +1 ex. +(wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27254), +Khatib Bongsu +, attached on plastic barrel in mangroves, coll. +Tan SK +, + +16 September 2019 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.24730), +Sentosa +, +Tanjong Rimau +, coll. +Tan HH +et al., + +12–16 July 2021 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.26393), western bank of +Sungei Pandan +, near + + +Singapore +Rowing Association +, ca. +01°18′28.3″N +103°45′02.3″E +, coll. +Tan HH +et al., + +4 May 2022 + + +; + +1 ex. +(wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.26224), western bank of +Sungei Pandan +, ca. +01°18′35.5″N +103°44′47.7″E +, coll. +Tan HH +et al., + +5 May 2022 + + +; + +2 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +.MOL.26234), +4 ex. +(wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.26260), western bank of +Sungei Pandan +, ca. +01°18′28.1″N +103°44″46.8″E, coll. +Tan HH +et al., + +5 May 2022 + + +; + +7 ex. +(wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.26150), +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +. MOL.26339), eastern bank of +Sungei Pandan +, near tidal gates, ca. +01°18′38.1″N +103°44′52.5″E +, coll. +Tan HH +et al., + +13 May 2022 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27660 [DNA #SG 25]), +6 ex. +(wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27730), +Pulau Tekukor +, +N1°13.787′ +E103°50.260′ +, jetty piling, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +20 February 2023 + + +; + +7 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27661), +Lazarus Island-Pulau Seringat +, +N1°13.652′ +E103°51.042′ +, vertical seawall, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +20 February 2023 + + +; + +2 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27662 [DNA #SG 14), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27663 [DNA #SG 15]), +1 ex. +(dry) ( +ZRC +. MOL.27664), +St John’s Island +, +N1°13.238′ +E103°51.024′ +, mangroves, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +20 February 2023 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27665 [DNA #SG 56]), +East Coast Park +, +Fort Road +canal, +N1°17.659′ +E103°53.440′ +, concrete sloping wall, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +22 February 2023 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27666 [DNA #SG 41]), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27667 [DNA #SG 42]), +3 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +. MOL.27668), +East Coast Park +, +N1°18.346′ +E103°55.756′ +, +Siglap Canal +, on sloping canal wall, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +22 February 2023 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27670 [DNA #SG 67]), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27671), +Changi Creek +mouth, +N1°23.483′ +E103°59.292′ +, on sloping granite wall, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +23 February 2023 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27673 [DNA #SG 59]), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27674 [DNA #SG 60]), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27675 [DNA #SG 61]), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27676 [DNA #SG 62]), +3 ex. +(wet) ( +ZRC +. MOL.27731), +Punggol Point +, +N1°25.300′ +E103°54.639′ +, rocks on beach, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +23 February 2023 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27677 [DNA #SG 73]), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27678 [DNA #SG 71]), +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27679 [DNA #SG 72]), +4 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27680), +Sungei Simpang Kiri +, +N1°27.380′ +E103°50.448 +, on sloping concrete canal wall, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +24 February 2023 + + +; + +1 ex. +(dry & wet) ( +ZRC +.MOL.27681 [DNA #SG 84]) + +, + +Republic of Singapore +Yacht Club +, +N1°17.651′ +E103°45.595′ +, coll. +Tan KS +et al., + +24 February 2023 + + +. + + + + +Description. +Shell: Valves large (SL commonly around +7 to 10 cm +, largest examined SL +15.6 cm +[LV]), generally quite circular or ovate in outline, often becoming more dorsoventrally elongated in larger specimens. External surface of RV dark yellow to purplish or greyish brown, often with irregular blotches and/or one or more darker radiating bands or numerous fine streaks, with overlapping thin, flaky foliose commarginal edges. Interior surface of valves generally white with a slight pearly sheen, with or without varying degrees of discoloured pink and greenish patches or purplish brown blotches that may become dominant in some specimens, and often with white calcareous patches. Interior margin of RV often with narrow yellowish-brown border that is broadest ventrally. Umbonal cavity of LV usually shallow, sometimes absent or indistinguishable. The kidney-shaped adductor muscle scar is brownish grey to nearly black, usually similar in colouration in both valves, but may occasionally be darker in one valve than the other. + + +Body. +Living animals with mantle edges coloured brown to dark brown; visceral mass yellowish brown. Mantle edge outermost layer smooth, tentacles absent; outside wall not pigmented, inside wall with faint black surface pigment. Mantle edge middle layer with tentacles along entire edge; tentacles are variable in size, with larger tentacles slightly offset from edge and originates from side of wall facing the innermost layer. Outside wall of middle layer not pigmented, while the inside wall is heavily pigmented black. Mantle edge innermost layer with black dimorphic tentacles that become smaller, spaced farther apart and less black dorsally. Mantle surface colouration over visceral mass dark yellow to brown. + + +Habitat. +On bark of mangrove trees, intertidal jetty pilings and seawalls, as well as on sloping walls of tidal canals. + + + + +Remarks. +This large species has often been referred to as the junior subjective synonym + +Crassostrea iredalei + +(now + +M. iredalei + +) in oyster aquaculture literature (e.g., +Poutiers, 1998 +). The contrasting dark muscle scar colouration against the otherwise white interior is characteristic and appears to be reliable for distinguishing this species from + +M +. +belcheri + +. Its wide distribution in +Singapore +suggests it can tolerate a wide range of salinities. The species is also commonly cultured in Southeast Asia, including +Malaysia +(e.g., +Tan & Wong, 1996 +; +Abidin et al., 2016 +), +Philippines +( +Lebata-Ramos et al., 2021 +), +Thailand +( +Klinbunga et al., 2005 +; +Bussarawit et al., 2010 +, as + +C. iredalei + +), and +Vietnam +( +Vu et al., 2017 +, as + +C. madrasensis + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FEFD16CD54D5FAFD.xml b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FEFD16CD54D5FAFD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..91ed06e78a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FEFD16CD54D5FAFD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ + + + +New and little-known Diapheridae of Cambodia and Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxoidea) + + + +Author + +Páll-Gergely, Barna + + + +Author + +, András Hunyadi + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-26 + + +72 + + +203 +213 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0017 +2345-7600 +6CE5E7E8-2138-40F8-A503-4DE964EFAF94 + + + + + + +Genus + +Diaphera +Albers, 1850 + + + + + + + + + + +Cylindrella +( +Diaphera +) +Albers, 1850: 210 + + +. + + + + + + +Type +species. + + +Cylindrella cumingiana +L. Pfeiffer, +1845 + +in +Philippi, 1845 +, by monotypy. + + + + +Remarks. +All four species treated in this study belong to the + +Diaphera cumingiana + +species group (see +Páll-Gergely et al., 2023 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FF05102257DBF7C7.xml b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FF05102257DBF7C7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..566572be2db --- /dev/null +++ b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FF05102257DBF7C7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + +New and little-known Diapheridae of Cambodia and Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxoidea) + + + +Author + +Páll-Gergely, Barna + + + +Author + +, András Hunyadi + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-26 + + +72 + + +203 +213 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0017 +2345-7600 +6CE5E7E8-2138-40F8-A503-4DE964EFAF94 + + + + + + + +Diaphera pongrati + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 1 +, +6D +) + + + + +Type material. + + +Holotype +. + +1 shell, ( +Fig. 1A +; SH = +3.59 mm +, SW = +1.3 mm +, AH: +0.76 mm +, AW: +0.76 mm +) ( +CUMZ 14212 +), +Thailand +, +Rayong Province +, +Khao Chamao District +, +Wat Tham Khao Prathun +, gorge above the temple, + +115 m +asl + +, +13°07.439′N +, +101°35.850′E +, coll. +A. Hunyadi +, + +9 March 2023 + +. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +1 shell ( +Fig. 1B +) ( +CUMZ 14214 +), same information as +holotype + +; + +1 juvenile +shell ( +Fig. 1C +) ( +CUMZ 14215 +), same information as +holotype + +; +1 juvenile +shell ( +Fig. 1D +) (coll. HA), same information as +holotype +; 13 shells (coll. HA), same information as +holotype +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +A small + +Diaphera +species + +with a glossy, ovoidconical shell, fine ribs along the suture, and four apertural barriers (very strong parieto-angular lamella, blunt upper palatal tooth, more pointed lower palatal tooth, denticle-like columellar lamella). The sympatric + +D. prima + +is much larger ( +Fig. 6C, D +), has a blunter apex, ribs along the suture in nearly the entire teleoconch, a more elongated columellar lamella, and possesses a basal tooth. + +Diaphera parini + +, +new species +has a more ovoid, corpulent shell, finely ribbed shell surface, a shorter detached part ( +“tuba +”), a higher (more elevated) and more curved parieto-angular lamella, an elongated columellar lamella, and possesses a tiny basal tooth. + + + + +Description. +Shell whitish, translucent. Spire-whorls ovoidconical with a deep suture; apex pointed; penultimate whorl widest in frontal view, or last and penultimate whorls of comparable width. Whorls 6.75–7; protoconch-teleoconch boundary not clearly visible; all whorls strongly convex (bulging); first juvenile peristome developed at ca. 2 whorls; last juvenile peristome present ca. 2 whorls behind adult peristome. Protoconch glossy, smooth. Teleoconch also glossy and smooth, without ribs, except for a few riblets behind each juvenile peristome. Detached part ( +“tuba +”) with fine, low ribs, and with short ribs around the umbilicus, not reaching the middle of the body whorl; this fine ribbing is recognisable a bit higher up, but gradually weakens towards penultimate whorl. Last ca. 0.25 whorls detached, detached part thick, aperture not or slightly protruding beyond spire-whorl plane; detached portion slopes downward at an angle of about 40°; upper suture continues on detached part as blunt, finely ribbed keel, and extends to back side of sinulus, bearing a shallow groove on inner side; this groove divides the upper part of the detached portion in the middle. Outer (lateral) side of detached portion without groove, but with a slight depression corresponding with the lower palatal tooth; lower suture continues towards the peristome without forming a keel, with a short, shallow groove on the umbilical side until a swelling that is situated behind and parallel with the peristome. Aperture axis slightly oblique to shell axis; aperture ovoid with a narrow, strongly isolated sinulus. Sinulus opens slightly upwards. Parieto-angular lamella very strongly developed, long, outer tip slightly protruding and slightly bent towards palatal lip, inner central portion of parieto-angular lamella slightly turns in the other (columellar) direction. Upper palatal tooth blunt, but strong, lower palatal tooth situated much deeper and lower in position, more pointed than upper palatal tooth. Columellar lamella denticle-like, not elongated, rather pointed, situated deep inside the aperture, its position corresponds with the end of the groove on the umbilical side of the tuba. Peristome thickened, strongly expanded (except for the sinulus area), its margin slightly reflected. Umbilicus closed. + + +Juvenile aperture. +Juveniles of 3–4.5 whorls have four apertural barriers: parieto-angular lamella, upper palatal tooth, lower palatal tooth, columellar lamella. Their positions and morphology agree with that of other species of the + +D. cumingiana + +species group. + + +Measurements (in mm). +SH = 3.55–3.88, SW = 1.3–1.39, AH = 0.75–0.8, AW = 0.76–0.78 (n = 3). + + + + +Etymology. +This new species is dedicated to our good friend, the late Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana (1976–2023), who was an expert on microsnails. + + + + +Distribution. +This species is known only from the +type +locality ( +Fig. 6A +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FF46164956B1FC43.xml b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FF46164956B1FC43.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dee1481fb05 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13716265FF46164956B1FC43.xml @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ + + + +New and little-known Diapheridae of Cambodia and Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxoidea) + + + +Author + +Páll-Gergely, Barna + + + +Author + +, András Hunyadi + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-26 + + +72 + + +203 +213 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0017 +2345-7600 +6CE5E7E8-2138-40F8-A503-4DE964EFAF94 + + + + + + +Family +Diapheridae Panha & Naggs, 2010 + + + + + + + +Diapheridae Panha & Naggs +in + +Sutcharit et al., 2010: 5 + +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13746260FC2514C957B1F7DE.xml b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13746260FC2514C957B1F7DE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e3bd3ee9a0b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13746260FC2514C957B1F7DE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,413 @@ + + + +New and little-known Diapheridae of Cambodia and Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxoidea) + + + +Author + +Páll-Gergely, Barna + + + +Author + +, András Hunyadi + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-26 + + +72 + + +203 +213 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0017 +2345-7600 +6CE5E7E8-2138-40F8-A503-4DE964EFAF94 + + + + + + + +Diaphera prima +Panha, 2010 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 3 +, +4 +, +6C +) + + + + + + +Diaphera prima +Panha + +in + +Sutcharit et al., 2010: 5–9 + +, figs. 1b–g, 2. +Type +locality: +Khao Cha Ang-Oan +, +Bor Thong +, +Chonburi +, +Thailand +. + + + + + +Diagnosis. +Ribbing only visible near the suture, mid-parts of whorls are smooth or even if some very fine ribbing is visible, it is distinctly weaker than along the suture; aperture rounded with a strongly elevated parieto-angular lamella, a blunt upper parietal and an elongated lower parietal tooth, a small basal tooth, and an elongated, blade-like columellar lamella. The most similar species is + +D. saurini + +, in which the ribs do not stop at the middle of the whorls. All other traits (e.g., apertural barriers) of the two species are similar. + + + + +Material examined. + +18 shells (coll. HA), +Cambodia +, +Battambang Province +, +Phnum Proek District +, +Phnom Prampi Cave +, + +90 m +asl + +, +13°18.831′N +, +102°36.490′E +coll. +A. Hunyadi +& +J.U. Otani +, + +10 October 2023 + + +; + +1 shell ( +Fig. 3 +) ( +CUMZ 14216 +), +Same +data as for preceding + +; + +1 shell ( +UF 346375 +) + +, + +Thailand +, +Chachoengsao Province +, +Khao Tham Raet +, + +5 km +ENE Ban Non Khok + +, + +100 m +asl + +, +13°26′6″N +, +101°44′10″E +, coll. +F.G. Thompson +, +FGT-4255 +, + +11 May 1987 + + +; + +7 shells ( +UF 346372 +) + +, + +Thailand +, +Chachoengsao Province +, +Khao Tham Raet +, + +5 km +ENE Ban Non Khok + +, + +100 m +asl + +, +13°26′6″N +, +101°44′10″E +, leg. +F.G. Thompson +, +FGT-4254 +, + +11 May 1987 + + +; + +2 shells ( +UF 279209 +) + +, + +Thailand +, +Chon Buri Province +, +Khao Cha Ang +, ca. +17 km +ESE, 4.0 km +S of Om Phanom +, + +150 m +asl + +, +13°10′57″N +, +101°35′16″E +, leg. +F.G. Thompson +, +FGT-4220 +, + +26 April 1987 + + +; + +2 shells (coll. HA), +Thailand +, +Chon Buri Province +, +Bo Thong District +, rock wall behind +Wat Khao Ha Yot +, + +150 m +asl + +, +13°09.775′N +, +101°35.858′E +, leg. +A. Hunyadi +, + +9 March 2023 + + +; + +1 shell ( +UF 279183 +) + +, + +Thailand +, +Rayong Province +, +Khao Bot +, ca. +6 km +N, 2.0 km +W of Ban Syaek Batan +, + +150 m +asl + +, +13°02′05″N +, +101°38′30″E +, leg. +F.G. Thompson +, +FGT-4218 +, + +25 April 1987 + + +; + +4 shells (coll. HA), +Thailand +, +Rayong Province +, +Khao Chamao District +, +Wat Tham Khao Prathun +, gorge above the temple, + +115 m +asl + +, +13°07.439′N +, +101°35.850′E +, leg. +A. Hunyadi +, + +9 March 2023 + + +; + +3 shells ( +Fig. 4B +) (coll. HA), +Thailand +, +Rayong Province +, +Khao Chamao District +, rock wall behind +Wat Tham Khao Bot +, + +70 m +asl + +, +13°02.273′N +, +101°38.120′E +, leg. +A. Hunyadi +, + +9 March 2023 + + +; + +2 shells ( +Fig. 4A +) (coll. HA), +Thailand +, +Sa Kaeo Province +, +Khao Chakan District +, vicinity of +Wat Tham Khao Chakan +, + +80 m +asl + +, +13°39.668′N +, +102°05.195′E +, leg. +A. Hunyadi +, + +9 March 2023 + + +. + + + + +Remarks. +A widespread and not conspicuously variable species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13746260FEDE15A85021FE47.xml b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13746260FEDE15A85021FE47.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3691037bfba --- /dev/null +++ b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A13746260FEDE15A85021FE47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ + + + +New and little-known Diapheridae of Cambodia and Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxoidea) + + + +Author + +Páll-Gergely, Barna + + + +Author + +, András Hunyadi + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-26 + + +72 + + +203 +213 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0017 +2345-7600 +6CE5E7E8-2138-40F8-A503-4DE964EFAF94 + + + + + + + +Diaphera parini + +, +new species + + + + + + +( + +Figs. +2 + +, +6E +) + + + + +Type material. + + + + +Holotype +. + +1 shell ( +Fig. 2A +; SH = +3.2 mm +, SW = +1.21 mm +, AH: +0.81 mm +, AW: +0.8 mm +) ( +CUMZ 14213 +), +Thailand +, +Rayong Province +, +Khao Chamao District +, rock wall behind +Wat Tham Khao Bot +, + +70 m +asl + +, +13°02.273′N +, +101°38.120′E +, coll. +A. Hunyadi +, + +9 March 2023 + +. + + + + +Paratypes +. + +1 shell ( +Fig. 2B +) (coll. HA), same information as +holotype +; 2 shells (coll. HA), same information as +holotype +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +The smallest + +Diaphera +species + +in +Thailand +and +Cambodia +, with an ovoid shell and five apertural barriers (a very strong parieto-angular lamella, blunt upper palatal tooth, a more pointed lower palatal tooth, slightly elongated columellar lamella, and a low, blunt basal tooth). The sympatric + +D. prima + +is much larger ( +Fig. 6C, E +), more spindle-shaped, has a different sculpture (strong riblets along the suture but smooth mid-whorls), and a longer detached portion ( +“tuba +”). See also under + +D. pongrati + +, +new species +. + + + + +Description. +Shell white, opaque to slightly translucent. Spire-whorls elongate ovoid with a deep suture; apex blunt; last and penultimate whorls of comparable width. Whorls 6.5; protoconch-teleoconch boundary not clearly visible; all whorls strongly convex (bulging); first juvenile peristome developed at ca. 2 whorls; last juvenile peristome present ca. 1.5–2 whorls behind adult peristome. Protoconch glossy, smooth. Teleoconch moderately glossy, with very fine, low, inconspicuous ribs; last ca. half whorl, but mostly the detached part ( +“tuba +”) with somewhat stronger ribs, area around the umbilicus also with stronger ribs, not reaching the middle of the body whorl; last ca. 0.25 whorls detached, detached part short, thick, aperture not protruding beyond spire-whorl plane. Detached portion ( +“tuba +”) slopes downward at an angle of about 40°. Upper suture continues to back side of sinulus without forming a keel, it bears a shallow groove on inner side, dividing the upper part of the detached portion in the middle; outer (lateral) side of detached portion without groove, but with a slight depression corresponding with the lower palatal tooth. Lower suture continues towards the peristome, forming a very blunt periumbilical keel, with a short, shallow depression on the umbilical side corresponding with the columellar lamella. Aperture axis slightly oblique to shell axis; aperture ovoid, nearly rectangular, with a narrow, strongly isolated sinulus. Sinulus opens slightly upwards. Parieto-angular lamella very strongly developed, extremely high, long, strongly oblique; outer tip slightly protruding; the entire lamella seems to be turning slightly towards columellar side. Upper palatal tooth blunt, but strong, lower palatal tooth situated much deeper and lower in position, more pointed than upper palatal tooth. Columellar lamella slightly elongated, situated deep inside the aperture, its position corresponds with the end of the groove on the umbilical side of the tuba. Basal tooth low, blunt, only slightly indicated. Peristome thickened, strongly expanded (except for the sinulus area), its margin slightly reflected. Umbilicus closed. + + +Measurements (in mm). +SH = 3.1–3.4, SW = 1.21–1.27, AH: 0.74–0.81, AW: 0.75–0.8 (n = 3). + + + + +Etymology. +This new species is named after and dedicated to our friend Parin Jirapatrasilp, Thai malacologist. + + + + +Distribution. +This species is known only from the +type +locality ( +Fig. 6A +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A1378626CFF1B1369509DF7E4.xml b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A1378626CFF1B1369509DF7E4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ed8c0214b39 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/87/38/6C/87386C2A1378626CFF1B1369509DF7E4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ + + + +New and little-known Diapheridae of Cambodia and Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxoidea) + + + +Author + +Páll-Gergely, Barna + + + +Author + +, András Hunyadi + + + +Author + +Sutcharit, + + + +Author + +Chirasak + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-07-26 + + +72 + + +203 +213 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0017 +2345-7600 +6CE5E7E8-2138-40F8-A503-4DE964EFAF94 + + + + + + + +Diaphera saurini +Benthem Jutting, 1962 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 5 +, +6B +) + + + + + + + +Diaphera saurini +Benthem Jutting, 1962: 10 + + +, fig. 5. +Sutcharit et al., 2010 +: fig. 1h. + + + + + +Diagnosis. +This is the largest species discussed here. It is also distinct from the other species by the regularly spaced, rather strong, complete ribs (i.e., the ribs are not restricted to the suture only). See also under + +D. prima + +. + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +ZMA +. +MOLL +.137267 ( +Fig. 5A +); +Cambodia +, +Phuom Kdong +, +14 km +SW of +Battambang +. + + + + +Paratype +ZMA +. +MOLL +.137268 (1 shell; +Fig. 5B +); same information as +holotype +. 4 shells ( +Fig. 5C +) (coll. HA), +Cambodia +, +Battambang Province +, +Bana District +, +Phnom Sampov +, junction towards +Kerirom (Killing) cave +, + +90 m +asl + +, +13°1.274′N +, +103°5.936′E +, leg. +A. Hunyadi +& +J.U. Otani +, + +10 October 2023 + + +. + + + + +Distribution. +This species was known from the +type +locality ‘Phuom Kdong’ [=Kdoang Mountain]. The specimens examined herein were collected from another limestone hill just next to the +type +locality (few hundred meters between the +type +locality and the new site). This species may be endemic to +Battambang Province +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/88/4B/AE/884BAE2FFFD6F12DFF6A96E2FD13FDF6.xml b/data/88/4B/AE/884BAE2FFFD6F12DFF6A96E2FD13FDF6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1581729ddba --- /dev/null +++ b/data/88/4B/AE/884BAE2FFFD6F12DFF6A96E2FD13FDF6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ + + + +Two new species of the tribe Alycaulini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil + + + +Author + +Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia +Permanent address: Laboratório de Sistemática de Diptera, DBio, CCHB, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110 - SP- 264, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil, 18052 - 780; E-mail: mvirginiaurso @ gmail. com (M. V. U. G.) & Present address: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo / USP (MZSP), Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 04263 - 000 * Corresponding author; E-mail: mvirginiaurso @ gmail. com +mvirginiaurso@gmail.com + +text + + +Florida Entomologist + + +2018 + +2018-12-01 + + +101 + + +4 + + +603 +610 + + + + +https://bioone.org/journals/florida-entomologist/volume-101/issue-4/024.101.0422/Two-New-Species-of-the-Tribe-Alycaulini-Diptera--Cecidomyiidae/10.1653/024.101.0422.full + +journal article +10.1653/024.101.0422 +1938-5102 + + + + + + +Meunieriella spinosa + + +sp. nov. + +Urso-Guimarães ( +Figs. 18–29 +) + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + + +Adult +. Male. Body length: male +1.2 mm +(n = 3), female +1.4 mm +(n = + + +2). Head: eyes black, holoptic, facets hexagonal, closely adjacent ( +Fig. 18 +); Antenna with 17 to 18 flagellomeres in male, 1 of the females with antennae broken at 15th flagellomere. Male and female flagellomeres barrel-shaped, with row of stout setae and circumfila appressed to flagellomeres as in +Figure 19 +. Mouthparts: labellum triangular in frontal view; palpus 4-segmented, first segment as wide as long, second and third longer and wider than first, fourth equal in width and twice as long as third ( +Fig. 18 +). Thorax: wing ( +Fig. 20 +) length, male: +0.9 mm +, female: 1.0 mm; maximum width, male and female: +0.5 mm +; R +5 +half the length of wing. Legs completely covered with scales, tarsal claws toothed; empodia as long as claws ( +Fig. 21 +). Scutum with dorsocentral rows of setae and lateral setae present, anepistemum and katepistemum bare; anepimeron with 9 setae. Male abdomen: tergites 1 to 5 sclerotized, tergites 6 to 8 weakly sclerotized and retractable, all tergites with single row of setae along posterior margin, trichoid sensilla not visible. All sternites membranous, with single row of setae along posterior margin, trichoid sensilla not visible on shrunken abdomen. Female abdomen: Tergites 2 to 6 rectangular, weakly sclerotized, all tergites with single row of setae and scales along posterior margin, seventh tergite with pair of trichoid sensilla. Sternites 2 to 7 weakly sclerotized, sternite 8 membranous, all covered with setae and scales, seventh sternite with 2 pairs of trichoid sensilla. Male terminalia ( +Figs. 22–25 +):gonocoxite and gonostylus cylindrical and very long, the former completely covered with setae, and the latter setulose basally, carinate beyond; with small tooth apically; hypoproct unilobed, longer and narrower than cercus, with pair of setae at apex; parameres bilobed, longer than hypoproct, covered with microsetae at apex of each lobe and with basal lobe on each side, aedeagus cylindrical, longer than parameres and narrower than cercus. Ovipositor ( +Figs. 26–27 +): protractible portion of ovipositor about 7.5 times length of seventh tergite, pair of longitudinal rows of spines on dorsal part of protractible region; fused cerci completely covered with macrosetae; hypoproct 1/3 the length of cerci, longer than wide, narrowed, with apical macrosetae. + + + +Figs. 18–21. + +Meunieriella spinosa + + +sp. nov. + +: (18) Male head (frontal view); (19) Female flagellomeres 1 to 3; (20) Wing; (21) Male tarsal claw and empodium. + + + + +Figs.22–25. + +Meunieriella spinosa + + +sp. nov. + +: (22) Male terminalia (dorsal view); (23) Male terminalia (schematic drawing, dorsal view);(24) Male terminalia (ventral view); (25) Male terminalia (schematic drawing, ventral view). + + + +Pupa +( +Figs. 28–29 +). Body length: +1.3 mm +, maximum width: +0.5 mm +(n = 3). Head: antennal horns short, rounded and smooth with upper and lower spines; cephalic setae very long ( +0.2 mm +); upper and lower frontal horn absent, lower and lateral papillae absent, upper cephalic margin thickened laterally; prothoracic spiracle long ( +0.1 mm +); abdominal segments with dorsal rows of small spicules in discal area. + + +Larva. +Unknown. + + +Type Material +. + +HOLOTYPE +male, +Delfinópolis +, +Minas Gerais State +, +Brazil +( +20.343960°S +, +46.804585°W +; about + +700 masl + +), reared from abandoned hairy leaf galls of an unidentified cecidomyiid + +on + +Inga edulis + + +, collected + +29-VI-2000 + +, +Urso-Guimarães +MV +collector; emerged + +12-VII-2000 + +, deposited in +Museu de Zoologia da Universidade +de +São Paulo + +. + +PARATYPES +: +2 males +, +2 females +, 3 exuviae collected and reared with +holotype +( +Museu de Zoologia da Universidade +de +São Paulo +) + +. + + +Etymology +. The specific name + +“ +spinosa + +” means “with spines” and refers to the diagnostic characteristic of this species, the longitudinal row of spines in the dorsal area of the protractible region of the ovipositor. + + +Gall and biology +. Globoid hairy galls on leaves of + +I. edulis + +, short brown to red trichomes, monothalamous, occurring on upper leaf surface. The single larva pupates in the gall. Galls found in Delfinópolis ( +Urso-Guimarães et al. 2003 +, +Fig. 17 +). + + + +Figs. 26–27. + +Meunieriella spinosa + + +sp. nov. + +: (26) Last segments of female abdomen and ovipositor (dorso-lateral view); (27) Ovipositor (ventral view). + + + +Remarks +. The new species belongs to the genus + +Meunieriella + +in possessing most of the diagnostic characters, especially the male sixth through eighth abdominal segments completely retractable within anterior part of abdomen, gonocoxite, and gonostylus of male terminalia extremely prolonged and narrow; elongated and protractible ovipositor, cercus with simple setae; pupal antennal horn with upper and lower spines, upper and lower frontal horn absent, upper cephalic margin thickened laterally; prothoracic spiracle and cephalic papillae long. Some characters can approximate + +Meunieriella spinosa + + +sp. nov. + +from the Neotropical congeners: R +5 +wing vein is 5/10 as long as wing, the male sixth to eighth abdominal tergites are reduced, and the gonocoxites and gonostyli are very narrow and long, as in all Neotropical species of + +Meunieriella + +except for + +M. avicenniae + +, which has the R +5 +7/10 longer than the wing, the male sixth to eighth abdominal tergites less reduced, and the gonocoxites and gonostyli are wider and shorter than in Neotropical species. + +Meunieriella spinosa + + +sp. nov. + +may be differentiated from the Neotropical congeners by all of the following adult and pupal unique characters: the presence of the basal lobe on each side of parameres, a pair of longitudinal rows of spines in the dorsal area of the internal protractible region of the ovipositor, and the pupation occurring inside the gall. + +Meunieriella spinosa + + +sp. nov. + +is inquiline in galls of an unidentified cecidomyiid, as are the majority of the Neotropical species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/88/4B/AE/884BAE2FFFD7F120FCD2905FFDB2FE25.xml b/data/88/4B/AE/884BAE2FFFD7F120FCD2905FFDB2FE25.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6c15d95697b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/88/4B/AE/884BAE2FFFD7F120FCD2905FFDB2FE25.xml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + + +Two new species of the tribe Alycaulini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil + + + +Author + +Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia +Permanent address: Laboratório de Sistemática de Diptera, DBio, CCHB, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110 - SP- 264, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil, 18052 - 780; E-mail: mvirginiaurso @ gmail. com (M. V. U. G.) & Present address: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo / USP (MZSP), Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 04263 - 000 * Corresponding author; E-mail: mvirginiaurso @ gmail. com +mvirginiaurso@gmail.com + +text + + +Florida Entomologist + + +2018 + +2018-12-01 + + +101 + + +4 + + +603 +610 + + + + +https://bioone.org/journals/florida-entomologist/volume-101/issue-4/024.101.0422/Two-New-Species-of-the-Tribe-Alycaulini-Diptera--Cecidomyiidae/10.1653/024.101.0422.full + +journal article +10.1653/024.101.0422 +1938-5102 + + + + + + +Meunieriella +Kieffer, 1909 + + + + + + +Diagnosis +. Adults: palpus 4-segmented; claws toothed; wings: R +1 +and R +5 +short, almost parallel, R +5 +straight, M +4 +and Cu +2 +present. Male sixth through eighth abdominal segments completely retractable within the anterior part of the abdomen, gonocoxite and gonostylus of male terminalia extremely prolonged and thin; ovipositor elongated and protractible, cercus with simple setae. Pupa: antennal horn with upper and lower spines, upper and lower frontal horn absent, upper cephalic margin thickened laterally; prothoracic spiracle and cephalic papillae long; abdominal dorsal segments with rows of small spicules, without spines. Larva: prothoracic spatula 2-toothed; 1 pair of inner lateral papillae bare and 3 pairs of outer lateral papillae, 8 terminal papillae, 6 with long to very long setae, lower inner setae always severely short- ened ( +Möhn 1975 +; +Gagné & Etienne 1996 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/92/77/8F/92778F2BFFFA556DFC2C62D29839FF1B.xml b/data/92/77/8F/92778F2BFFFA556DFC2C62D29839FF1B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..33e446c0790 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/92/77/8F/92778F2BFFFA556DFC2C62D29839FF1B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,340 @@ + + + +Two New Species Of Pylopaguropsis Alcock (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) From The Philippines + + + +Author + +Komai, Dwi Listyo Rahayu Tomoyuki + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2013 + +2013-08-30 + + +61 + + +2 + + +621 +631 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13256749 +2345-7600 +13256749 + + + + + + + +Pylopaguropsis similis + +, +new species + + + + + + +( +Figs. 4 +, +5 +) + + + + + +Material examined +. + +— + +Holotype +, male ( +4.3 mm +) (NMCR-39096), +Balicasag Island +, +Philippines +, coll. local fisherman, + +Jul.2003 + +. + + + + +Paratypes +: +1 female +( +8.2 mm +) ( +MNHN +), same data as holotype + +; + +1 female +( +7.4 mm +) ( +ZRC +.2013.0868) +Pamilacan Island +, +Stn. P +5, +9°30.0'N +, +123°54.6'E +, tangle nets from local fishermen, ca. + +100 m + +, + +3 Jun.2004 + + +. + + + + + +Description +. + +— Thirteen pairs of biserial gills. + + +Shield approximately as long as broad ( +Fig. 4A +); anterolateral margins sloping; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections weakly concave; posterior margin faintly emarginate medially; dorsal surface smooth. Rostrum prominent, triangular, terminating in spinule, overreaching lateral projections. Lateral projections prominent, each with small marginal spine. + + +Ocular peduncles ( +Fig. 4A +) about 0.9 length of shield; corneas very slightly dilated, width about 0.2 of peduncular length. Ocular acicles triangular, terminating acutely; separated basally by 0.7 basal width of 1 acicle. + + +Antennular peduncles ( +Fig. 4A +), when fully extended, overreaching distal corneal margins by about 0.2 length of ultimate peduncular segment. Ultimate segment with few setae on dorsal surface. Penultimate segment glabrous, much shorter than ultimate segment. Basal segment with prominent spine on dorsolateral margin of statocyst lobe. + + +Antennal peduncles ( +Fig. 4A +), when fully extended, reaching distal corneal margins. Fifth and fourth segments with few setae. Third segment with spinule at ventromedial distal angle, few setae distally. Second segment with dorsolateral distal angle strongly produced, terminating in strong spine; dorsomesial distal angle with small spine. First segment unarmed. Antennal acicle not reaching base of cornea, or reaching midlength of fifth peduncular segment; terminating acutely, with row of tufts of long setae mesially. Antennal flagellum far overreaching tips of dactyls of outstretched ambulatory legs; most articles with several short and moderately long setae. + +Maxillule with external lobe of endopod weakly developed, not recurved. Third maxilliped with carpus and merus unarmed. Ischium with crista dentata and 1 accessory tooth. Basis with 2 spinules on mesial margin. + +Right cheliped ( +Fig. 4B, C +) much stronger than left ( +Fig. 4D, E +), propodal-carpal articulation slightly twisted. Chela non-operculiform. Dactyl slightly shorter than palm, longer than fixed finger, articulating slightly obliquely; dorsomesial margin with row of prominent, corneous-tipped spines and few long setae; dorsal surface slightly convex, row of corneous-tipped spines in proximal half adjacent to dorsomesial margin, remaining dorsal surface smooth; ventral surfaces with row of strong spines; cutting edge with strong calcareous tooth medially, corneous teeth distally, terminating in corneous claw. Palm shorter than carpus; dorsomesial margin with row of strong, corneous-tipped spines and few long setae; dorsal surface with rows of strong, sometimes corneous-tipped spines, stronger and denser near dorsolateral margin; dorsolateral margin delimited by row of strong, sometimes corneous-tipped spines and few long setae, extending onto fixed finger. Fixed finger with row of spines on dorsal surface adjacent to dorsomesial margin, otherwise mostly smooth; ventral surface with rows of smaller, sometimes corneous-tipped spines; cutting edge with 1 large calcareous teeth proximally, row of calcareous denticles distally, terminating in bifid corneous claw. Carpus slightly longer than merus, somewhat convex ventrally, distal width about twice of proximal width; dorsodistal margin with row of strong spines, dorsal surface slightly convex, with row of strong, sometimes corneous-tipped spines adjacent to dorsomesial margin, irregular rows of slightly smaller spines adjacent to dorsolateral margin; dorsomesial margin with row of strong spines; dorsolateral margin with row of small spines; lateral, mesial and ventral faces each with scattered tubercles. Merus triangular; dorsal, lateral and mesial faces weakly tuberculate; ventromesial and ventrolateral margins each with row of acute spines; ventral surface tuberculate. Ischium with 2 distal spinules on ventromesial margin. + + + +Fig. 4. + +Pylopaguropsis similis + +, +new species +, holotype, male (sl 4.3 mm), PANGLAO 2004, Balicasag, NMCR. A, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; B, right cheliped, dorsal view; C, right cheliped, mesial view; D, left cheliped dorsal view; E, left cheliped, mesial view; F, anterior lobe of sternite of third pereopod. Scale bars = 1 mm. Setae partially omitted. + + + +Left cheliped ( +Fig. 4D, E +) slender, propodal-carpal articulation twisted. Dactylus approximately as long as palm; dorsomesial margin with double row of strong spines and few long setae, dorsal surface smooth; cutting edges with row of corneous teeth, terminating in small corneous claw. Palm about half length of carpus; dorsomesial margin with row of strong corneous-tipped spines and few long setae, dorsal surface with rows of strong corneous-tipped spines and few long setae, dorsolateral margin delimited by row of strong spines extending onto fixed finger; ventral surface with scattered tubercles. Fixed finger with row of strong spines on dorsal surface not reaching to tip; cutting edge with row of small calcareous teeth terminating in small, bifid corneous claw. Carpus approximately as long as merus; dorsomesial margin with row of moderately strong spines and few long setae; dorsal surface with row of spines; lateral face slightly concave with scattered tubercle and few setae; mesial face with scattered tubercles. Dorsal margin of merus smooth, unarmed, dorsodistal margin unarmed; lateral and mesial surfaces with few tubercles, ventrolateral and ventromesial margins each with row of strong spines. Ischium with row of spinule on ventromesial margin. + + +Second and third pereopods ( +Fig. 5A–D +) similar from right to left. Dactyli slightly twisted in dorsal view, about 1.5 length (second) or 1.6 length (third) of propodi; dorsal margins each with row of sparse long setae, lateral faces each with shallow longitudinal sulcus medially; mesial face with row of 9–10 ( +16–17 in +paratypes +) corneous spines dorsally, shallow longitudinal sulcus medially; ventral margins each with row of 10–12 ( +14–16 in +paratypes +) corneous spines. Propodi each with sparse row of long setae on dorsal margin; ventral margins each with 1–4 small spinules. Carpi each with small dorsodistal spine and tuft of long setae on dorsal margin, dorsal surfaces otherwise unarmed. Meri unarmed, with sparse setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Ischia unarmed. Fourth pereopods ( +Fig. 5E +) semichelate, dactyli bearing row of minute denticles on ventral margin, lacking preungual process; propodal rasp consisting of 2 rows of scales. Fifth pereopods chelate. + + +Sternite of third pereopod (sixth thoracomere) ( +Fig. 4F +) with anterior lobe subrectangular. + +Pleon of male with 2 unpaired, unequally biramous pleopods (left third and fifth pleopods), fourth pleopod absent. + +Telson ( +Fig. 5F +) with shallow but distinct lateral indentations; posterior lobe divided by shallow median cleft, left lobe longer than right; terminal margins oblique, left lobe with 2–6 spinules, right lobe with 4–6 spinules. + + + +Colouration in life +. + +— Not known. + + + + + +Etymology +. + +— From the Latin + +similis + +(= similar), in reference to the superficial similarity to several members of the genus + +Pagurus + +. + + + + + +Remarks +. + +— Without examining the gill formula and the first pleopods in female specimens, this new species can be easily mistaken for species of the genus + +Pagurus +Fabricius, 1775 + +because of the non-operculiform, spinose chelipeds. + + +This new species is referred to the + +P. teevana + +species group in having similar third pereopods, and most closely resembles + +P. bellula +Osawa & Okuno, 2007 + +, + +P. furusei +Asakura, 2000 + +, + +P. laevispinosa +McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 + +, and + +P. vicina +Komai & Osawa, +2004 + +in having non-operculiform, spinose or tuberculate chelae. Nevertheless, acute, corneous-tipped spines on the right chela, the absence of additional dorsal spines or spinules on the carpi of the second pereopods, and the possession of two rows of corneous scales in the propodal rasp of the fourth pereopod immediately distinguish + +P. similis + +, +new species +, from those four species. In those four species, the armature on the dorsal surface of the right palm consists of blunt tubercles ( + +P. bellula + +and + +P. vicina + +) or subacute, non-corneous-tipped spines ( + +P. furusei + +and + +P. laevispinosa + +); the carpi of the second pereopods bear one to three dorsal spines or spinules in addition to the dorsodistal spine; and the propodal rasp of the fourth pereopod consists only of a partial row of corneous scales. Furthermore, the absence of a longitudinal groove on the right chela adjacent to the dorsolateral margin differentiates the new species from + +P. bellula + +, + +P. laevispinosa + +, and + +P. vicina + +. + + +In having a spinose chela of the left cheliped, + +P. rahayuae + +is also comparable with the present new species and the four above mentioned species. However, + +P. rahayuae + +is immediately distinguished from the present new species in having blunt, various-sized tubercles on the right chela and the possession of a dorsal row of strong spines on the carpi of the second pereopods. + + +As only +one male +specimen is present, it is not clear if the lack of the fourth pleopod is normal or aberrant. Nevertheless, it is possible that the missing pleopod is a result of damage or poor preservation condition of the specimen. + + + + +Fig. 5. + +Pylopaguropsis similis + +, +new species +, holotype, fmale (sl 4.3 mm), PANGLAO 2004, Balicasag, NMCR. A, left second pereopod, lateral view; B, left second pereopod, mesial view; C, left third pereopod, lateral view; D, right third pereopod, mesial view; E, left fourth pereopod, lateral view; F, telson. Scale bars = 1 mm. Setae partially omitted. + + + + + +Distribution +. + +— So far known only from the +Philippines +; about +100 m +deep. + + + + \ No newline at end of file