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Harin’Hala, Code MA-02-09D-07, CASLOT 020373, Deposited in the +California Academy of Sciences + +. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +. + +— +Colouration + +: All setae and setulae black; dusting on dark parts grey; head and antenna black, yellow on face, parafacialia, gena, lower occiput and palpus; thorax black, yellow on postpronotal lobe, proepisternum and extreme fore margin of anepisternum, hind margin of meron, greater ampulla, tegula, basicosta and haltere; wing veins brown, becoming paler towards base; legs yellow but fore leg infuscate on apical three fifths of fore femur except for extreme apex, + +on apical three fifths of fore tibia and on entire fore tarsus; abdomen yellow in ground colour with a pair of large oval black markings occupying 0.8 times length of tergite 3 and a smaller more rounded pair occupying one third of length of tergite 4; surstylus infuscate on the narrowed apical part and lobes of trifoliate process black, the stem brownish yellow. + +Head +: Ocellar triangle, fronto-orbits and occiput lightly dusted throughout; ocellar setae long, longer than orbitals and postocellars. + + +Thorax +: Bases of the three katepisternal setae forming an isosceles triangle; two strong proepisternal setae, the more posteriorly-situated the longer; one weaker proepimeral. + + +Legs +: Fore tarsus lacking specialized structure or chaetotaxy. + + +Wing +: Hyaline throughout. + + +Abdomen +: Hypopygial prominence absent; trifoliate process (Fig. 3) clavate in lateral aspect, with base of median lobe very broad, the stem one quarter of the length of the abdomen when macerated; surstylus (Fig. 4) much deeper than is usual. + + +Length +: c. +2.4mm +, of wing +2.5mm +. + + +Female +: unknown. + + + +AFFINITIES + +. +— +This species shares with the afrotropical species + +Atherigona tetrastigma + +Pater- + + +son, + +A. alticola +Deeming + +, + +A +. +haplopyga +van Emden + +, + +A +. +maliensis +Dike + +and + +A. mambillaensis +Deeming + +the lack of a hypopygial prominence, but differs from all of them in the peculiar structure of the trifoliate process, which is similar in structure to that of + +A. latibasilaris +Muller, 2015 + +from +South Africa +( +KwaZulu-Natal +), but that species has a bifurcate hypopygial prominence and yellow interfrontalia. + + + + +FIGURE +1. + +Atherigona quadriseta +Couri, Pont and Penny + +female 8 +th +tergite. + + +FIGURE +2. + +Atherigona nigridorsalis +Couri, Pont and Penny + +female 8 +th +tergite. + + +FIGURE +3. + +Atherigona clavata + +sp. nov. +male trifoliate process from above and in profile. + + +FIGURE +4. + +Atherigona clavata + +sp. nov. +male surstylus in profile. + + +FIGURE +5. + +Atherigona lamina + +sp. nov. +male hypopygial prominence apical surface, from above and in profile + +(D denotes dorsal). + +FIGURE +6. + +Atherigona lamina + +sp. nov. +male trifoliate process from above and in profile. + + +FIGURE +7. + +Atherigona dikei + +sp. nov. +male hypopygial prominence from above and in profile. + + +FIGURE +8. + +Atherigona dikei + +sp. nov. +male trifoliate process from above and in profile. + + +FIGURE +9. + +Atherigona dikei + +sp. nov. +male trifoliate process to show point of connection (POC) of median lobe to stem (semi-diagramatic) + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +. +— +The Latin specific name describes the trifoliate process, which in profile resembles a club. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF88C5150DB4E2E7BCC9.xml b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF88C5150DB4E2E7BCC9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..24c779bda35 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF88C5150DB4E2E7BCC9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,299 @@ + + + +Notes on the Vascular Flora of the Island of Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe) in the Gulf of Guinea + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2020 + +2020-10-30 + + +66 + + +15 + + +341 +352 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157426 +0068-547X +13157426 + + + + + + + +Justicia secunda +Vahl + + + + + + + + + +Príncipe + +: +0.8 km +N + + +of airport terminal along road to +Bom Bom Island +, 01°40.302ʹN, 007°24.739ʹE, + +180 m + +, disturbed roadside near houses, + +1 +V + + + +2013 (flr), + +T + + + +. + +Daniel +& +A + +. + + + +Stanbridge +12115 + +( +CAS +); along Água Grande, ca. +0.3 km +S + + +of entrance to +Bom Bom Resort +, 01°41.340ʹN, 007°24.126ʹE, ca. + +5 m + +, disturbed moist evergreen forest, + +24 IV 2013 + +(flr), + +T + + + +. + +Daniel +& +J + +. + + + +Shevock +12034 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + +São Tomé + +: trail from +Jardim Botânico de Bom Sucesso +(00°16.866ʹN, 006°38.868ʹE; + +1115 m + +) to +Lagoa Amélia +(00°15.972ʹN, 006°35.589ʹE; + +1480 m + +), moist to wet montane forest and cultivated fields, + +14 IV 2008 + +(flr), + +T + + +. + + +Daniel +11142 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + +This species ( +Fig. 3 +), a native of tropical America, was noted by Daniel and Figueiredo (2009) to be cultivated in +São Tomé and Príncipe +based on plants seen on both islands in 2008. Indeed, the specimen from +São Tomé +cited above was cultivated as a hedge near the botanical garden, and +Daniel & Stanbridge 12115 +from +Príncipe +was both cultivated in a hedge (seen in 2008), but also appeared to be naturalizing nearby (collected in 2013). +Daniel & Shevock 12034 +from another site on +Príncipe +( +2.2 km +distant from +Daniel & Stanbridge 12115 +) consisted of a stand of ca. 100 naturalized and locally frequent plants that confirmed the species escape from cultivation, at least on that island. Infusions and decoctions (including an herbal tea) made from leaves or entire plants of + +J. secunda + +have putative medicinal attributes, and are used in both Africa and South America (e.g., +Kitadi et al. 2019 +). Because this species was not treated by Daniel and Figueiredo (2009), a brief description of it (based on the collections cited above) and a revised key to the native and naturalized species of + +Justicia + +in the country are provided below. + + +Perennial herb to shrub to +3.5 m +tall; leaves petiolate, blades ovate, +75–140 mm +long, +22–53 mm +wide, 2.6–3.6 × longer than wide, rounded to acute at base, acuminate at apex, surfaces pubescent with eglandular trichomes restricted to major veins. Inflorescence of axillary and/or terminal panicles of subracemose branches bearing alternate and unilateral (axillary branches) or opposite (terminal portion of main axis) 1-flowered and sessile dichasia. Bracts subtending dichasia subulate to lanceolate, +1–5 mm +long (fertile bract usually longer than sterile bract when dichasia unilateral). Paired bracteoles subtending flowers subulate to lanceolate, +1.5-3 mm +long. Flowers shortpedicellate, pedicels +0.8–1.5 mm +long. Calyx 5-lobed, +6–10 mm +long, lobes homomorphic, lancelinear to linear, +5–9 mm +long, abaxially pubescent with glandular and eglandular trichomes. Corolla dark red, +35–38 mm +long, externally pubescent with eglandular and stipitate glandular trichomes, tube +9–20 mm +long, lips +16–27 mm +long. Stamens inserted near base of corolla tube, +27–30 mm +long, thecae of a pair conspicuously unequal in size, parallel to subperpendicular to one another, glabrous, lacking basal appendages. Capsule (based on extralimital specimens from tropical America) +9–11 mm +long, externally pubescent with erect eglandular trichomes and sessile to subsessile glandular trichomes; seeds 2.5–3 × +2.7–3 mm +, surface smooth, lacking trichomes. + + + + + + + +1a. Annuals; leaf blades 1.4–2.6 × longer than wide; calyx +2.3–3 mm +long, lobes heteromorphic (posterior lobe ½ or less as long as others); corolla +2.6–3 mm +long........................................................................ + +J. tenella +(Nees) T. Anders. + + + + + +1b. Perennials; leaf blades 2.6–4.2 × longer than wide; calyx +3–10 mm +long, lobes homomorphic or nearly so; corolla +7.5–38 mm +long........................................... 2 + + + + + + +2a. Young stems and leaves glabrous; calyx +3–5.5 mm +long; corolla +7.5–9 mm +long; stamens +5 mm +long, distal theca dorsally pubescent, proximal theca with a basal appendage +0.8 mm +long............................................................ + +J. thomensis +Lindau + + + + + +2b. Young stems and leaves (on major veins) pubescent; calyx +6–10 mm +long; corolla +35–38 mm +long; stamens +27–30 mm +long, both thecae of a pair glabrous and lacking basal appendages.............................................................. + +J. secunda +Vahl + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF89C51508DDE72BBA7A.xml b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF89C51508DDE72BBA7A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..67e5c352d49 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF89C51508DDE72BBA7A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ + + + +Notes on the Vascular Flora of the Island of Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe) in the Gulf of Guinea + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2020 + +2020-10-30 + + +66 + + +15 + + +341 +352 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157426 +0068-547X +13157426 + + + + + + + +Brillantaisia lamium +(Nees) Benth. + + + + + + + + + +Príncipe + +: +Road +/trail from +Terreiro Velho +to +Infante D. Henrique +, vicinity of +Roça Ribeira +to +Órgãos Basálticos +/ +Os Dois Irmãos +(01°35.002ʹN, 007°25.539ʹE, + +115 m + +) to +Rio Chibala +(01°34.442ʹN, 007°25.218ʹE, + +80 m + +), second growth forest and disturbed areas, + +20 IV 2013 + +(flr, frt), + +T +. Daniel et al. 12023 + +( +CAS +)-purple corollas; same locale, + +20 IV 2013 + +(flr, frt), + +T +. Daniel et al. 12024 + +( +CAS +)-white corollas + +. + + +In a taxonomic revision of + +Brillantaisia +P. Beauv., +Sidwell (1998:74) + +noted that plants with entirely white corollas were occasionally found among the otherwise usually blue-purple to violetflowered species, including + +B. lamium + +and + +B. vogeliana + +, both of which occur in +São Tomé and Príncipe +. Daniel and Figueiredo (2009:646 and fig. 3 +G +, +H +) noted the occurrence of both purplish- and white-flowered plants of + +B. vogeliana + +on +São Tomé +, which species only occurs on that island in the country. + +Brillantaisia lamium + +occurs on both islands, but the occurrence of both color forms for this species was noted only for +São Tomé +(Daniel and Figueiredo 2009). Both color forms of + +B. lamium + +are documented above on +Príncipe +, as well. Additional collections of + +B. lamium + +with both purple to blue-purple and white corollas have been made elsewhere on the island. Plants with corollas having a somewhat intermediate coloration, mostly white but with a faint lavender tinge, also occur in +Príncipe +(e.g., +Daniel et al. 11695 +at +CAS +, from ca. +2 km +south of Bela Vista along the Rio Papagaio). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF89C5150B40E729BCEE.xml b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF89C5150B40E729BCEE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..87aa722587a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286CFF89C5150B40E729BCEE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ + + + +Notes on the Vascular Flora of the Island of Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe) in the Gulf of Guinea + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2020 + +2020-10-30 + + +66 + + +15 + + +341 +352 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157426 +0068-547X +13157426 + + + + + + + +Dicliptera verticillata +(Forssk.) C. Chr. + + + + + + + + + +Príncipe + +: +N +end of island, from cacao plantation along road 1.6 (air) km + +S +of Bom Bom Island + +(01°40.897ʹN, 007°24.115ʹE, + +65 m + +) to mouth of Água Grande at + + +S +end of Praia Bom Bom (01°41.390ʹN, 007°23.932ʹE, sea level), plantation grounds and moist lowland evergreen forest, + +18 IV 2013 + +(sterile) + +, + +T +. Daniel & +J +. + + + +Shevock +11993 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + +Sterile plants were locally frequent at an elevation of about 40 meters on a disturbed site. The species ( +Fig. 2 +) is readily recognizable by its 6-angled stems with a ± dense cluster of elongate (up to +3.5 mm +), flexuose, and eglandular trichomes at the vegetative nodes. Although collected numerous times from several sites on +São Tomé +, this appears to be only the second collection of the species on +Príncipe +(Daniel and Figueiredo 2009). The species was previously collected on that island at Sundi (i.e., + +T +. Monod 12073 + +at +COI +), ca. +2.5 to 3 km +to the southwest of the collection noted above. Elsewhere in the Gulf of +Guinea +, + +D. verticillata + +also occurs on both Bioko and +Annobón +( +Velayos et al. 2013a +, b). + + +Daniel and Figueiredo (2009:652 and fig. 2 +E +) illustrated and noted that corollas of most collections of + +D. verticillata + +collected on +São Tomé +were rotated 90° so that they appeared to be oriented on their sides. Plants grown from seed of +Daniel 11122 +from that island eventually exhibit- ed corollas resupinate both 90° and 180° ( +Fig. 2 +). The orientation of corollas of plants on +Príncipe +remains unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286DFF8AC5150DD0E4E4B8D0.xml b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286DFF8AC5150DD0E4E4B8D0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2fc203ce195 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286DFF8AC5150DD0E4E4B8D0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ + + + +Notes on the Vascular Flora of the Island of Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe) in the Gulf of Guinea + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2020 + +2020-10-30 + + +66 + + +15 + + +341 +352 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157426 +0068-547X +13157426 + + + + + + + +Phaulopsis micrantha +(Benth.) C.B. Clarke + + + + + + + + + +Príncipe + +: +N +end of island, from cacao plantation along road 1.6 (air) km + +S +of Bom Bom Island + +(01°40.897ʹN, 007°24.115ʹE, + +65 m + +) to mouth of Água Grande at + + +S +end of Praia Bom Bom (01°41.390ʹN, 007°23.932ʹE, sea level), plantation grounds and moist lowland evergreen forest, + +18 IV 2013 + +(flr) + +, + +T +. Daniel & +J +. + + + +Shevock +11988 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + +Although known from several collections on +São Tomé +( +Fig. 2 +; Daniel and Figueiredo 2009), the one cited above is the first report of the species on +Príncipe +where it is presumed to be native. It was collected at the same disturbed site as several other +Acanthaceae +that can become weedy: + +Brillantaisia lamium + +( +Daniel & Shevock 11990 +), + +B. owariensis + +( +Daniel & Shevock 11992 +), + +Dicliptera verticillata + +( +Daniel & Shevock 11993 +), + +Elytraria marginata +Vahl + +( +Daniel & Shevock 11989 +), and + +Nelsonia canescens +(Lam.) Spreng. + +( +Daniel & Shevock 11991 +). Elsewhere among the islands of the Gulf of +Guinea +, + +P. micrantha + +also occurs on +Annobón +( +Manktelow 1996 +; +Velayos et al. 2013a +). Two other species of the genus, + +P. angolana +S. Moore + +and + +P. ciliata +(Willd.) Hepper + +have been recorded on Bioko ( +Manktelow 1996 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286FFF8AC51509DBE455BAA0.xml b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286FFF8AC51509DBE455BAA0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8822a8a6b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/34/4B/87/344B87B8286FFF8AC51509DBE455BAA0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ + + + +Notes on the Vascular Flora of the Island of Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe) in the Gulf of Guinea + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2020 + +2020-10-30 + + +66 + + +15 + + +341 +352 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157426 +0068-547X +13157426 + + + + + + + +Stenandriopsis thomensis +(Milne-Redh.) Heine + + + + + + + + + +Príncipe + +: Obo Natl. Park-Príncipe, trail from ruins of +Francisco Mantero +(Maria Correia) to +Pico Mesa +, from +1.5 km +(air) SE of ruins (01°35.317ʹN, 007°21.483ʹE, + +350 m + +, lowland to montane rain forest) to summit of +Pico Mesa +(01°34.930ʹN, 007°21.201ʹE, + +500 m + +, dwarf cloud forest), + +19 IV 2013 + +(old inflorescences), + +T + + +. + + +Daniel +et al. 11995 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + +Several sterile plants and others bearing inflorescences lacking corollas were locally frequent under the forest canopy about two-thirds of the way up the prominent mesa in southwestern +Príncipe +. + +Although + +Stenandriopsis thomensis + +has been collected numerous times from several sites on +São Tomé + +, + +this collection appears to represent only the second collection of the species on +Príncipe +( +Daniel +and +Figueiredo +2009) + +. + +It +was previously collected on that island at +Pico Papagaio +( +01°36ʹ45ʺN +, +007°23ʹ30ʺE +; i.e., + +F +. +de Oliveira +547 + +at +BRLU +and +STPH +), some +5 km +to the northeast. +The +species also occurs in +Cameroon +and +Nigeria + + +on mainland +Africa +( +Vollesen 1992 +; +Daniel +and +Figueiredo +2009), but it has not been reported from either +Bioko +or +Annobón + + +in the +Gulf +of +Guinea + +. + +Although +two other species of the genus occur on +Bioko +, this is the only species of + +Stenandriopsis + +in +São Tomé and Príncipe + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF839B2589A113BCB1D7A6EF.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF839B2589A113BCB1D7A6EF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7a02fd7fa82 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF839B2589A113BCB1D7A6EF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia mexiae +T.F. Daniel + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Guerrero + +: Distr. Aldama, +Sierra Madre del Sur +, +N +of +Río Balsas +, +Temisco +, +Barranca El Salto +, [ca. +18° 8′17.20′′N +, +100°13′34.94′′W +], + +350 m + +, + +3-XI-1937 + +(flr), + +Y +. +Mexia +8732 + +( +holotype +: +MO +!; +isotypes +: +CAS +!, +F +!, +GH +!, +LL +!, +NY +!, US!) + +. +Figures 5-7 +. + + +Shrubs of unknown height. Young stems 2-fariously pubescent with mostly antrorse to antrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes +0.2–0.7 mm +long, trichomes mostly restricted to the 2 bands but soon becoming sparse and/or intermixed with retrorse to retrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes. Leaves petiolate, petioles +5–18 mm +long, blades ovate-elliptic to elliptic, +60–121 mm +long, +20–52 mm +wide, (1.8–) 2.2–3.3 × longer than wide, not or only slightly reduced in size distally, acuminate at apex, (acute to) subattenuate to attenuate at base, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent with flexuose to antrorse eglandular trichomes to +1 mm +long, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent along veins with similar trichomes, junctions of midvein with second-order lateral veins ± densely pubescent with a cluster of trichomes (i.e., with domatia), margin ± entire, sparsely ciliate only proximally or ± throughout. Inflorescence of axillary and terminal (i.e., in axils of distalmost pair of leaves) dense headlike dichasiate clusters (± appearing as verticels, especially at apex of shoot); clusters opposite at nodes, apparently 1 per axil, multi-flowered, sessile. Bracts dark colored (when dry), obovate to subcircular to oblate, +7–11 mm +long, +3.9–9 mm +wide, round- ed to acute at apex, abaxially and marginally pubescent with mostly antrorse to antrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes +0.05–0.4 mm +long, distal portion of bracts erect. Bracteoles oblong to obovate to obovate-spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate, +7–10 mm +long, +0.6–8 mm +wide, becoming progressively narrower from primary to tertiary pairs, abaxially and marginally pubescent like bracts, distal portion of bracteoles erect. Flowers sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, +5.5–6.5 mm +long, lobes homomorphic, ovate to lance-linear to linear, +4.5–5.5 mm +long, +1–2 mm +wide, apically attenuate to aristate (arista to +0.5 mm +long), abaxially pubescent like bracts, margin distally ciliate with flexuose to crinkly eglandular trichomes to +0.4 mm +long. Corolla red, +26–30 mm +long, externally pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes to +0.7 mm +long, tube gradually expanded distally, +16–20 mm +long, +3.8–4 mm +in diameter (measured flat) at mouth, upper lip +9–13 mm +long, entire at apex, lower lip +9–12 mm +long, 3-lobed, lobes +0.5–3 mm +long, +1–2.5 mm +wide, central lobe largest. Stamens +11–15 mm +long, filaments distally glabrous, proximally pubescent with eglandular trichomes, thecae of a pair subparallel to subsagittate, unequally inserted (overlapping by +1.5–1.7 mm +), +1.8–2.3 mm +long, subequal in length, glabrous, lacking basal appendages. Pollen 2-aperturate, apertures consisting of a narrow colpus with a prominent central os, flanked on each side by 2–3 rows of insulae (farthest rows from aperture sometimes partially or entirely consisting of peninsulae). Style +25–28 mm +long, distally glabrous, proximally pubescent with eglandular trichomes; stigma asymmetrically subcapitate, +0.2 mm +long. Capsule and seeds not seen. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: November; fruiting: unknown. + + + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION + + +AND + + +HABITAT + + +.— +Mexico +(north-central +Guerrero +; +Fig. 5 +); plants were noted to be common in undergrowth on a wooded slope at an elevation of + + +350 m + +. + + + + + +LOCAL +NAME + +.— “Chilillo” ( + +Mexia +8732 + +). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— + +This species is known only from the +type +collection made in 1937. Without additional information or known threats, following +IUCN (2017) +guidelines, it is provisionally assessed as data deficient ( +DD +) + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— It is not without hesitation that + +Justicia mexiae + +( +Fig. 7 +) is described as distinct from + +J. matudae + +(see above); additional collections may reveal them to be a geographic variants of a single species or entirely conspecific. However, at this time, the distinctions noted in the key below appear to warrant their recognition at specific rank. Although the pollen of both species is very similar, among grains studied to date, those of + +J. mexiae + +( +Fig. 6 +) often have fewer rows of insulae flanking the aperture than those of + +J. matudae + +. As in + +J. matudae + +it is not entirely clear whether the dense axillary clusters are expanded dichasia lacking peduncles/pedicels (therefore with only bracteoles of several orders present) or, as treated here, a reduced dichasiate spike (lacking a rachis) with bracts and bracteoles present. The bracts and bracteoles of + +J. mexiae + +are apparently tinged reddish, and are usually darker than the leaves on drying. + + + + +FIGURE +7. + +Justicia mexiae + +( + +Mexia +8732 + +). A. Habit (MO). B. Domatia on abaxial surface of leaf (US). C. Close-up of domatia in axil of midvein and secondary vein (US). D. Inflorescence (MO). E. Close-up of bracts, bracteoles, and base of flowers (CAS) + + + + + + + +1a. Leaves subsessile or with petioles +2–7 mm +long, blades subcordate to rounded to acute at base, abaxial surface pubescent throughout and lacking dense clusters of trichomes (domatia) at junctions of midvein and secondary lateral veins (if possibly present, then inconspicuous); bracts and bracteoles often distally recurved; calyx +6–8 mm +long with lobes +2–4 mm +long; style glabrous throughout; +México +and +Michoacán +................................................................. + +J. matudae + + + + + +1b. Leaves petiolate with petioles +5–18 mm +long, blades (acute to) subattenuate to attenuate at base, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent with trichomes restricted to veins, and with dense clusters of trichomes at junctions of midvein with second-order lateral veins (domatia); bracts and bracteoles erect; calyx +5.5–6.5 mm +long with lobes +4.5–5.5 mm +long; style distally glabrous and proximally pubescent; +Guerrero +............................................................................... + +J. mexiae + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF859B2689A111B2B737A1BE.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF859B2689A111B2B737A1BE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f3e889609f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF859B2689A111B2B737A1BE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,738 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia olmeca +T.F. Daniel + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Oaxaca + +: Mpio. +San +Felipe +Usila +, +Cerro Verde +, camino al “Vainilla” de + + +J +. +Roldán +, + +5 km +NNE de Usila + +, +17°56′N +, +096°30′W +, selva alta perennifolia sobre suelos kársticos, + +550 m + +, + +1-X-1992 + +(flr) + +, + +G +. +Ibarra + +M +., +J +. +Meave del Castillo + +& +M +. + + + +Vargas +3742 + +( +holotype +: +MEXU +!; +isotype +: +MO +!). +Figures 5 +, +8 +, 9 + +. + + +Perennial herbs to +1 m +tall. Young stems densely and ± evenly to ± 2-fariously pubescent with flexuose and conspicuously multi-septate eglandular trichomes +0.5–2.5 mm +long. Leaves longpetiolate, petioles +17–58 mm +long, (those near midstem ca. 0.5–1 × as long as blades), pubescent like young stems, blades (ovate-elliptic to) ovate to broadly ovate to deltate, +70–113 mm +long, +45–72 mm +wide, 1.2–1.9 × longer than wide, truncate to rounded to subacute at base, shortly acuminate at apex, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent with cauline +type +trichomes, abaxial surface similarly pubescent but with trichomes denser (especially along major veins), margin entire, ciliate throughout with cauline +type +trichomes. Inflorescence of terminal (and also sometimes in axils of distalmost pair of leaves) subsessile to pedunculate dense dichasiate spikes to +57 mm +long (including peduncle and excluding flowers), +13–20 mm +wide (measured flat) near midspike, peduncles of spikes +3–33 mm +long, pubescent like young stems, rachis not visible, pubescent like young stems; dichasia opposite, 1 per axil, 1-flowered, sessile. Bracts sessile to short-petiolate, ovate to elliptic to broadly obovate, +10–16 mm +long, +5–8.5 mm +wide, apically rounded to acute, abaxially and marginally pubescent with cauline +type +trichomes. Bracteoles lanceolate to linearelliptic to linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, +7–11.5 mm +long, +0.8–1.5 mm +wide, pubescent like bracts. Flowers sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, +5–9 mm +long, lobes equal to subequal in length, linearlanceolate to lanceolate, +4.5–6.6 mm +long, +0.7–1.3 mm +wide, abaxially and marginally glabrous or with very few cauline +type +trichomes, margin ± hyaline. Corolla red, +29–35 mm +long, externally pubescent with cauline +type +trichomes and flexuose glandular trichomes +0.1–0.9 mm +long, internally with stipitate glands on the lower lip, tube +20–26 mm +long, gradually expanded distally, +3–5 mm +in diameter (measured flat) at mouth, upper lip +7–9.5 mm +long, 2-fid at apex, lower lip +7–11 mm +long, 3-lobed, lobes +1.2–3 mm +long, +1.5–2.5 mm +wide, central lobe usually largest. Stamens +8–10 mm +long, thecae of a pair subparallel to subsagittate, unequally inserted (overlapping by +1.6 mm +), +2–2.5 mm +long, ± equal in size (or distal theca slightly longer), glabrous, not or inconspicuously appendaged at base (i.e., upper theca sometimes with a basal appendage up to +0.05 mm +long and lower theca sometimes with a basal appendage to +0.15 mm +long). Pollen 5-colporate, 10-pseudocolpate, pseudocolpi variously fused (see discussion). Style +30–35 mm +long, distally glabrous, stigma ± capitate, +0.2 mm +long, +0.3–0.5 mm +wide. Capsule +9 mm +long, pubescent with cauline +type +trichomes, stipe +3 mm +long, head +6 mm +long. Seeds not seen. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: October–January; fruiting: January. + + + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION + + +AND + + +HABITATS + + +.— +Mexico +(northern +Oaxaca +and southern +Veracruz +; +Fig. 5 +); plants occur (sometimes on karstic substrates) in moist to wet forests (e.g., selva alta perennifolia, selva mediana subperennifolia, and bosque mesófilo de montaña), scrub, forests in canyons, and cafetales at elevations of + +200–1350 m + + +. + + + +LOCAL +NAME + +.— “Monchyvay” (Popoluca; +Leonti et al. 488 +). + + + +USE + +.— Boiled leaves used to wash snake-bites ( +Leonti et al. 488 +). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— Based on the nine known collections, the EOO = +3,410 km +2 +, the AOO = +32 km +2 +, and the greatest linear extent of its distributional range (SW–NE) = +176 km +. Six of the nine collections (i.e., all of those from +Veracruz +) were made in the Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas. Both collections of Ventura from +Veracruz +indicate that plants were scarce at those locales, whereas Calzada’s collection from the same general region noted that plants were abundant at that collection site. Plants in +Veracruz +would all appear to be threatened by the continuing deforestation documented by aerial imagery in the reserve between 1967 and 2000, a threat that has since diminished only to some extent ( +Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve 2019 +). Threats are not known for the plants occurring in +Oaxaca +. Thus, at least two possible locations exist for the species. Based on +IUCN (2017) +criteria, this species is provisionally assessed as Endangered (EN: B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii)). + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— The specific epithet refers to the indigenous Olmec people whose culture and influence once dominated much of the region in which this species occurs. + + + + + +PARATYPES + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Oaxaca + +: +Mpio. San Felipe Usila +, +Cerro Verde +, + +A + + + +. + +Hanan +& +R + +. + + + +de Santiago +s.n. + +( +CAS +); Mpio. +San +Felipe +Usila +, +Cerro Verde +, camino al “Vainilla” de +J + +. + +Roldán +, + +5 km +NNE de Usila + +, +17°56′N +, +096°30′W +, + +G + + + +. +Ibarra +M., + +J + +. + +Meave del Castillo +& +M + +. + + + +Vargas +3741 + +( +MEXU +, +MO +) + +. + + +Veracruz + +: +Mpio. Soteapan +, +Sierra de Santa Marta +, + +5 km +W +de Santa Marta + +, +18°26′N +, +094°57′W +, + +J + + +. + + +Calzada +5187 + +( +F +); +Mpio. Soteapan +, + +2.5 km +N +de Santa Marta + +, ladera +E + + +del Volcán +Santa Marta +, +18°21′06.51′′N +, +094°53′49.56′′W +, + +A + + + +. + +Campos +V + +. & + +C + +. + +Granados +M + +. + + +6609 +( +MEXU +); +Mpio. Soteapan +, Sierra +Santa Marta +, + +3 km +NW de San Fernando + +, [ +18°17′4.49′′N +, +094°54′24.14′′W +], + +M + + +. + + +Leonti +et al. 488 + +( +MEXU +); Mpio. +Catemaco +, +Cerro Buenavista +, +3 km +N +de +Catemaco +, carr. a +Sontecomapan +, +18°29′N +, +095°06′W +, + +A + + + +. + +Torres +R + +. + + +427 +( +MEXU +); Mpio. +San +Pedro Soteapan, Ejido +Santa +Martha, +18°25′N +, +094°56′W +, + +F + + + +. + +Vázquez +B + +. & + +D. +Hernández +L + +. + + +44 +( +F +, +XAL +); Mpio. +Catemaco +, +Pipiapan +, [ca. +18°26′14.7′′N +, +095°03′8.9′′W +], + +F + + +. + + +Ventura +12178 + +( +CAS +); +Mpio. Santiago Tuxtla +, +Loma Quemada +, [ca. +18°32′5.40′′N +, +095°16′51.42′′W +], + +F + + +. + + +Ventura +14895 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— Plants of + +J. olmeca + +( +Fig. 8 +) are morphologically homogenous; however, the leaves are rarely (i.e., one leaf of +Hanan & de Santiago s.n +. at a distal node) elliptic and abruptly acute at the base. Morphological allies of this species remain undetermined. It is distinctive by combination of the following characteristics: elongate petioles (especially those near midstem), stipitate glands on the internal surface of the lower lip of the corolla, subcapitate stigmas that appear to consist of a disk-like platform subtending two rounded mounds, and the 5-aperturate pollen. + + +Five-aperturate pollen apparently is not otherwise known among Mexican species of + +Justicia + +(e.g., +Daniel 1998 +). It is common among Mexican species of + +Poikilacanthus +Lindau + +, a genus that is not monophyletic, and whose relationship to + +Justicia + +is currently being investigated ( +Kiel et al. 2017 +, +2018 +). However pollen of + +Poikilacanthus + +(e.g., +Daniel 1991 +, +1998 +, 2017) consists of two related +types +bearing circular apertures (simple or compound?) with the interapertural surface covered with subcircular to rectangular to polygonal insulae (gemmate regions enclosed by thick muri) that are either 1) discrete and more or less evenly distributed over the surface or 2) + + + +FIGURE +8. + +Justicia olmeca + +. A. Habit ( +Ventura 14895 +). B. Bract ( +Hanan & de Santiago s.n. +). C. Bracteoles and calyx ( +Hanan & de Santiago s.n. +). D. Bracteole ( +Hanan & de Santiago s.n. +). E. Flower and buds ( +Ventura 12178 +). F. Upper lip of corolla with anthers and upper portion of style with stigma ( +Ventura 12178 +). + + +share common endwalls and are arranged in loops and bands (loops enclosing a band). + +Pollen of + +J. olmeca + +shows some slight similarities to + +Poikilacanthus + +pollen of this second +type +. Pollen of both +Hanan & de Santiago s.n. + + +and +Ventura 14895 +(Fig. 9) show sculptural variation in curving and fusion of pseudocolpi with 1) the pair in each mesocolpium distinct + +(Fig. 9b), 2) the pair in each mesocolpium fused toward one pole (i.e., forming pseudocolpal arches in the mesocolpia; Fig. 9a), 3) the pair in each mesocolpium fused toward both poles (i.e., forming pseudocolpal ellipses in the mesocolpia; Fig. 9d), or 4) the pair of pseudocolpi flanking a colporus (i.e., those in adja- +cent mesocolpia) fused (or nearly fused) + +toward poles and forming a pseudocolpal ellipse surrounding the colporus + a ring of interapertural exine (Fig. 9c). Molecular phylogenetic analyses that include this species could be potentially informative regarding relationships among clades of + +Justicia + +and its relatives among +Justicieae +in the New World. + + +FIGURE +9. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Justicia + +pollen III. A–C. + +Justicia olmeca + +( +Hanan & de Santiago + + +s.n. +). A. Apertural view with pseudocolpal arches in mesocolpia. B. Interapertural view with free pseudocolpi. C. + + +Apertural view with pseudocolpi ± encircling apertural region. D. + +Justicia olmeca + +( +Ventura 14895 +), apertural view with pseudocolpal ellipses in mesocolpia. Scales = 10 µm. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF889B2F89DF117CB1D6A5C1.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF889B2F89DF117CB1D6A5C1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f9dec1d108 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF889B2F89DF117CB1D6A5C1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,639 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia alanae +T.F. Daniel + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Puebla + +: +Mpio. Xicotepec de Juárez +, +5 km +NE +de +Xicotepec +, carr. a +La Ceiba +, +20°19′N +, +097°48′W +, + +1200 m + +, bosque mesófilo perturbado, + +24-II-1987 + +(flr, frt) + +, + + +G +. +Toriz + + +A +., +A +. +Campos + + +V +., +O +. +Vega + + +T +., & +P +. +Tenorio + +L +. + + +298 +( +holotype +: MEXU-image only; +isotype +: +CAS +!). +Figures 1–3 + +. + + +Perennial herbs to +1.5 m +tall. Young stems subquadrate-sulcate, becoming subquadrate to quadrate proximally, distally densely 2-fariously pubescent with retrorse to retrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes +0.2–0.4 mm +long and often also with sparse and flexuose eglandular trichomes to +0.4 mm +long between the 2 lines of denser trichomes, trichomes usually with conspicuous maroon septae, stems soon becoming more sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Leaves petiolate, petioles +20–95 mm +long, at least medial ones nearly as long as or longer than blade, blades ovate, +45–140 mm +long, +16–65 mm +wide, 2.0–2.8 times longer than wide, acuminate to falcate at apex, subcordate to rounded to truncate at base, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface pubescent along main veins with antrorse to antrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes +0.1–0.2 mm +long, margin entire to subsinuate, sparsely ciliate. Inflorescence of axillary and/or terminal pedunculate dichasiate spikes or more commonly panicles of dichasiate spikes to +90 mm +long (including peduncles but excluding flowers), +6–10 mm +wide near midspike (measured flat), (alternate or) opposite at nodes, sometimes clustered in leaf axils, peduncles of spikes to +40 mm +long, pubescent like young stems or becoming ± evenly pubescent distally with variously oriented eglandular trichomes +0.05–0.2 mm +long, rachis pubescent like peduncle; dichasia opposite or alternate at spike nodes, 1 per axil, 1-flowered, sessile. Bracts at a node homomorphic (when each subtending a dichasium, i.e., dichasia opposite and both bracts fertile) or heteromorphic when only 1 dichasium present at a node (i.e., dichasia alternate and 1 bract sterile); fertile bracts oblanceolate to elliptic to obovate to broadly spatulate, +3.2–8 mm +long, +1–4.5 mm +wide, rounded to acute at apex, abaxially and marginally pubescent with flexuose eglandular trichomes to +1 mm +long and also with mostly erect glandular trichomes +0.05–0.2 mm +long, glandular trichomes often sparse and rarely absent on some bracts; sterile bracts conspicuously reduced, narrowly linear to oblanceolate, +0.7– 4 mm +long, +0.2–0.8 mm +wide. Bracteoles (linear to) oblanceolate to narrowly obovate-spatulate, +2.5–7.5 mm +long. +0.5–1.6 mm +wide, pubescent like bracts. Flowers sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, 3–4 (– +4.5 in +fruit) mm long, lobes homomorphic, lance-linear to lance-subulate, 2.6–3.5 (– +4 in +fruit) mm long, +0.3-0.5 mm +wide, abaxially nearly glabrous to sparsely pubescent with flexuose to antrorse eglandular trichomes and sometimes also with very sparse and inconspicuous glandular trichomes < +0.05 mm +long. Corolla white with maroon markings on lower lip, +7.5–13 mm +long, externally pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes +0.05–0.3 mm +long, tube +5–8 mm +long, narrow proximal portion of tube +2.5–4 mm +long, longer than or equal to throat in length, throat +2–4 mm +long, +1.8–3 mm +in diameter at mouth (measured flat), upper lip +3–5 mm +long, 2-fid, lower lip +3–5.5 mm +long with three lobes +1–2 mm +long and +1.5–2.5 mm +wide, central lobe largest. Stamens +5–5.5 mm +long, filaments glabrous, thecae of a pair superposed (contiguous, overlapping by +0.1–0.2 mm +, or separated by a gap to +0.05 mm +long), ± parallel or somewhat offset, subequal in size, upper theca +0.8–1.1 mm +long, lacking a basal appendage, lower theca +1–1.4 mm +long, with a prominent basal appendage +0.5–0.6 mm +long, appendage oriented 90° to fertile portion of theca, thecae dorsally pubescent with flexuose eglandular trichomes to +0.7 mm +long (lower theca often with shorter and less prominent trichomes); 2 densely pubescent staminode-like invaginations of the corolla present near midpoint of corolla tube. Pollen 3-colporate, 6-pseudocolpate, exine between colpi and pseudocolpi sometimes partially separating into insulae. Style +6–11 mm +long, proximally pubescent with eglandular trichomes, stigma subcapitate, +0.05–0.1 mm +long. Capsule +5–7 mm +long, pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes +0.1–0.3 mm +long, stipe +1–2.5 mm +long, head +4–4.5 mm +long. Seeds flattened, ± ovate to broadly oblong, +1.6–2.2 mm +long, +1.3–1.7 mm +wide, surface minutely papillose, margin entire. + + + +FIGURE +1. + +Justicia alanae + +( +Jiménez C. & Gorostiza S. 31242 +). –A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flowers, front view. D. + +Flower, profile view. E. Capsule. F. Seed. Field photos B–D by J. Amith, used with permission. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: February–April; fruiting: February–April. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITATS + +.— +Mexico +( +Puebla +; +Fig. 2 +), endemic to the Sierra Nororiental in northern +Puebla +; plants occur in tropical subperennial forest and mesophytic montane forest (these sometimes secondary forests or plants occurring at disturbed sites therein) at elevations of 276– 1200 meters. + + + +FIGURE +2. Map of part of southern Mexico showing distributions of + +Justicia alanae + +and + +J. totonaca + +. + + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— Based on the four known collection sites for this species, the EOO = +804 km +2 +, the AOO = +16 km +2 +, and the greatest linear extent of its distributional range (NW–SE) = +51 km +. No collections are known to occur in protected areas. In addition to the +type +, at least three other collections have been made at different times at the +type +locality. No threats have been identified for this species, and thus it is provisionally assessed as Least Concern (LC). + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— The epithet honors Jonathan Amith, a proponent of this species who also took useful photographs of it in +Puebla +, and his sometime young field assistant and daughter Alana. + + + + + +PARATYPES + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Puebla + +: +Mpio. Xicotepec de Juárez +, +5 km +NE +de +Xicotepec +, carr. a + +La Ceiba + +, +20°19′N +, +097°48′W +, + +A +. Campos +V +. & +G +. Toriz +A +. 206 + +( +CAS +, MEXU-image only), + +P +. Tenorio +L +., +G +. Toriz +A +., +A +. Campos +V +. & +O +. Vega +T +. 12613 + +( +CAS +, MEXU-image only), + +G +. Toriz +A +. & +A +. Campos +V +. 374 + +( +CAS +, MEXU-image only); Mpio. Ayotoxco de +Guerrero +, Cuauhtémoc, en la loma +de Santa Cecilia +, cerca del +Río Atekakalach +, 20.03894°, -97.40643°, + +M +. Jiménez +C +. & +M +. Gorostiza +S +. 31242 + +( +CAS +); Mpio. Atlequizayán, Atlequizayán, camino a Lhimakgatlhakgna’, en localidad +de Tatitsapsni’ +, 20.00266°, -97.62263°, + +C +. Ledesma +C +., +O +. López +F +. & +M +. Gorostiza +S +. 22328 + +( +CAS +); Mpio. +Ahuacatlan +, Agua Dulce, + +4 km +SE de Ahuacatlan + +, brecha a Zapotitlan, +20°01′N +, +097°50′W +, + +P +. +Tenorio +L +., +G +. +Toriz +A +., +A +. +Campos +V +. & +O +. +Vega +T +. 12722 + +( +CAS +; MEXUimage only), + +G +. +Toriz +A +., +A +. +Campos +V +., +P +. +Tenorio +L +. & +O +. +Vega +T +. 320 + +( +CAS +, MEXU-image only) + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— In spite of slight variation in +type +and disposition of cauline pubescence and variation in degree of glandularity among individuals, plants of + +J. alanae + +are morphologically homogeneous. Distinctive features of this species include the variation in bracts with either two fertile and homomorphic bracts at a node or one sterile and one fertile bract at a node with those bracts differing in size and usually also in shape. Heteromorphic bracts appear to be more frequent on spikes from leaf axils and/or on those forming the lateral branches of a panicle. Homomorphically bracteate spikes tend to be the ones terminating shoots. Bracts and bracteoles of + +J. alanae + +are green and are often tinged with maroon at the margins and apex ( +Fig. 1 +). Relatively long and naked petioles are prominent in this species, as are the pouch-like invaginations of the corolla near the midpoint of the corolla tube (cf. +Daniel 2002 +). These staminode-like structures appear to be associated with the basal portion of the rugula and veins in the corolla tube leading thereto. + + + +Justicia alanae + +undoubtedly pertains to a group of species known from various regions of the Neotropics that were discussed by Wasshausen and +Daniel (1995) +and +Daniel (2002 +, +2007 +). A suite of morphological characters shared among four of these species ( + +J. chol +T.F. Daniel + +, + +J. karsticola +T.F. Daniel + +, + +J. alanae + +, and + +J. wendtii +T.F. Daniel + +) include: maroon septa of the cauline trichomes; some or all of the bracts hetermorphic (by size, shape, and whether fertile or sterile) and with their abaxial surface nearly always including glandular trichomes; relatively small corollas with maroon markings and with a pair of invaginations forming pouch-like and pubescent appendages internally in the corolla tube; anther thecae of a pair parallel to subparallel, unequally inserted to superposed, both dorsally pubescent with the lower one usually less densely so, and with the lower theca bearing a conspicuous basal appendage (commonly oriented at a 90° angle to the fertile portion of the theca); and 3-colporate, 6-pseudocolpate pollen ( +Fig. 3 +). These four similar species can be distinguished by the key below. Other similar Mexican species with either heteromorphic bracts and/or staminode-like invaginations of the corolla, but which differ conspicuously by their pollen, include + +J. nevlingii +Wassh. & T.F. Daniel + +(pollen 4-colporate, 8-pseudocolpate) and + +J. chimalapensis +T.F. Daniel + +(pollen 2-colporate with apertures flanked on each side by 1 row of insulae). + + +1a. Bracts inconspicuously ciliate with trichomes ( +0.05–0.2 mm +long) and sometimes also with scattered flexuose eglandular trichomes to +0.3 mm +long; corolla externally pubescent with eglandular and glandular trichomes; seeds sparsely pubescent with branched eglandular trichomes; southern +Veracruz +. + +J. wendtii + +1b. Bracts conspicuously ciliate with trichomes up to +2 mm +long (some, usually most, longer than +0.3 mm +); + +corolla externally pubescent with eglandular trichomes only; seeds lacking branched trichomes..... 2 + +2a. Cauline trichomes mostly retrorse to retrorsely appressed; petioles elongate, at least medial ones nearly as long as or longer than blade, blades rounded to truncate to subcordate at base; floral bracts opposite or alternate; corolla white and with maroon markings; stamens +5–5.5 mm +long; +Puebla +........ + +J. alanae + + + +2b. Cauline trichomes flexuose to antrorse; petioles not elongate as described above, blades acute to attenuate at base; floral bracts opposite; corolla pale yellow to yellow-green and with maroon markings; stamens +3.5–4.5 mm +long............................................................... 3 + + + +FIGURE +3. Scanning electron micrographs of + +Justicia + +pollen I. A–C. + +Justicia amplifolia + +. A. Apertural view ( +Amith & Mendoza 1419 +). B. Apertural view ( +Luther s.n. +). C. Interapertural view ( +Luther s.n. +). D–F. + +Justicia alanae + +( +Toriz A. et al. 320 +). D. Apertural view. E. Interapertural view. F. Polar view. Scales = 10 µm. + + + +3a. Fertile bracts rounded- to truncate-apiculate at apex; inflorescence of axillary pedunculate dichasiate spikes to +6.5 cm +long (including peduncles but excluding flowers), dichasia alternate, 1-flowered; +Chiapas +and +Tabasco +................................................................ + +J. chol + + + +3b. Fertile bracts rounded-subacute to acute at apex (lacking a conspicuous apiculum); inflorescence of (axillary and) terminal pedunculate panicles ( +7–15 cm +long) of spicate axes, spicate axes (= modified dichasia?) opposite, mostly 3–5-flowered; southern +Veracruz +............................ + +J. karsticola + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF8F9B2089A812CCB101A5F1.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF8F9B2089A812CCB101A5F1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1ffc880f9ec --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF8F9B2089A812CCB101A5F1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,454 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia matudae +T.F. Daniel + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +México + +: +Distr + +. + +V +. +de Bravo +, +Otzoloapan +, [ca. +19°07′08′′N +, +100°17′18′′W +], ladera húmeda, matorral bajo, + +1300 m + +, + +5-IX-1954 + +(flr) + +, + + +E +. +Matuda +et al. 31440 + +( +holotype +: +MEXU +!; +isotypes +: +ARIZ +!, +CAS +!, CODAGEM-images only) + +. +Figures 4–6 +. + + +Shrubs to +1.5 m +tall. Young stems ± evenly and ± densely pubescent with mostly antrorse or retrorse (also including erect to flexuose) eglandular trichomes +0.1–1.3 mm +long, or with 2 ± conspicuous bands of denser trichomes and with additional trichomes between the bands. Leaves subsessile to short-petiolate, petioles +2–7 mm +long, blades broadly ovate to ovate (to elliptic), +26–95 mm +long, +11–58 mm +wide, 1.4–3.2 × longer than wide, sometimes reduced in size distally, acute to acuminate at apex, subcordate to rounded to acute at base, adaxial surface pubescent throughout (denser on younger growth) with antrorse to antrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes +0.05–0.8 mm +long, abaxial surface densely pubescent throughout with antrorse (to flexuose) eglandular trichomes to +1 mm +long, dense clusters of trichomes at junctions of midvein and secondary lateral veins not evident (if possibly present, then inconspicuous), margin ± entire, ciliate from base to apex. Inflorescence of axillary and terminal dense headlike dichasiate clusters (± appearing like verticels, especially at apex of shoot; see discussion); clusters opposite at nodes, 1 (–2) per axil, multi-flowered, sessile. Bracts, green (sometimes dark colored when dry), ovate to elliptic to oblong to obovate (proximally) and becoming oblanceolate distally, +7–16 mm +long, +2–9.5 mm +wide, acute at apex, abaxially and marginally pubescent with mostly antrorse eglandular trichomes to +0.4 mm +long, distal portion of bracts often recurved. Bracteoles obovate to oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, +4–14 mm +long, +0.6–3.2 mm +wide, becoming progressively narrower from primary to tertiary pairs, abaxially and marginally pubescent like bracts, distal portion of bracteoles often recurved. Flowers sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, +6–8 mm +long, lobes homomorphic, ovate to lance-ovate, +2–4 mm +long, +1.1–1.7 mm +wide, apically attenuate, abaxially sparsely pubescent with antrorse eglandular trichomes to +0.2 mm +long, marginally ciliate with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes to +0.8 mm +long. Corolla red, +25–37 mm +long, externally pubescent with flexuose to retrorse eglandular trichomes +0.1–0.6 mm +long, tube gradually expanded distally, +16–20 mm +long, +2.5–5 mm +in diam. (measured flat) at mouth, upper lip +9–17 mm +long, entire to 2-fid at apex, lower lip +9–19 mm +long, 3-lobed, lobes +2–7 mm +long, +1.8–4 mm +wide. Stamens +8.5–15 mm +long, filaments distally glabrous, proximally pubescent with eglandular trichomes, thecae of a pair subparallel to subsagittate, subequally to unequally inserted (overlapping by +1.5–2 mm +), +1.9–2.5 mm +long, equal to subequal in length, glabrous, lacking basal appendages. Pollen 2-aperturate, apertures consisting of a narrow colpus and a prominent central os, flanked on each side by 3–4 rows of insulae (farthest rows from aperture sometimes entirely or partially consisting of peninsulae). Style +22–27 mm +long, glabrous throughout; stigma subellipsoid, +0.2 mm +long. Capsules and seeds not seen. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: August–September; fruiting: unknown. + + + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION + + +AND + + +HABITATS + + +.— +Mexico +(central +Michoacán +and western +México +; +Fig. 5 +); plants occur in thornscrub and tropical deciduous forest at elevations of + +650–1300 m + + +. + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— Based on the five known collections of this species, the EOO = +7,530 km +2 +, the AOO = +20 km +2 +, and the greatest linear extent of its distributional range (W–E) = +250 km +. +Steinmann 4528 +indicates that plants were uncommon at that collection site. Plants are not known from any protected areas, but at least one small protected area occurs within the EOO. At least one of the three subpopulations (the westernmost occurrence in +Michoacán +) is within an area threatened by active volcanoes, but threats remain unknown for the majority of the population. Based on +IUCN (2017) +criteria and current knowledge of the species and its threats, + +J. matudae + +is probably best assessed as Least Concern (LC). + + + +FIGURE +4. + +Justicia matudae + +. A. Habit ( +Hinton et al. 15189 +, NY). B. Branch with inflorescences ( +Hinton et al. 15189 +, US). C. Inflorescence ( + +Ibarra +M. 6764 + +). D. Views inside upper lip of corolla with stamens and rugula ( + +Ibarra +M. 6764 + +). E. View of upper lip (from side) and lower lip of corolla ( + +Ibarra +M. 6764 + +). + + + + +FIGURE +5. Map of part of southern Mexico showing distributions of + +Justicia amplifolia + +, + +J. matudae + +, + +J +. +mexiae + +, and + +J. olmeca + +. + + + + + + +PARATYPES + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Michoacán + +: +Distr. Apatzingan +, +Rancho Viejo +, [ +Mpio. Buenavista +, ca. +19°12′N +, +102°40′W +], + +G + + +. + + +Hinton +et al. 15189 + +( +GH +, +NY +, +US +) + +; + +Mpio. Churumuco +, +El Limón +, +Ejido Llano de Ojo de Agua +, +18°43′52′′N +, +101°40′28′′W +, + +G + + + +. +Ibarra +M. + + +6764 +( +MEXU +); +Mpio. La Huacana +, ca. +2 km +(air) +ENE of Los Ranchos +, along ridge top of +Cerro El Barril +, +18°42′35′′N +, +102°00′00′′W +, + +V + + +. + + +Steinmann +3455 + +( +CAS +); +Mpio. La Huacana +, +Sierra Las Cruces +, +6.5 km +(air) SW of +Los Ranchos +, +Cañada Las Cruces +, +18°39′59′′N +, +102°03′46′′W +, + +V + + +. + + +Steinmann +4528 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— Leaves of +Hinton et al. 15189 +are beset with either prominent punctate glandlike protrusions or a parasitic infestation; because these structures are not evident on other collections of the species, they are assumed to represent the latter. The dichasiate clusters appear to be reduced dichasiate spikes (i.e., lacking an elongate rachis; thus bearing both bracts and bracteoles), but it is possible that they are compound dichasia, in which case all of the bracteal units represent bracteoles. + + + +Justicia matudae + +( +Fig. 4 +) appears closely allied morphologically to + +J. mexiae + +(see below) with which it shares numerous morphological traits, including: densely clustered axillary inflorescences that appear as verticels at vegetative nodes; red corollas of similar size, shape, and pubescence; anther thecae of similar orientation and size that are glabrous and that lack basal appendages; and 2-aperturate (colporate with apertures flanked by 2 or more rows of insulae) pollen ( +Fig. 6 +). Distinctions between them are noted under + +J. mexiae + +below. + +Justicia candicans +(Nees) L.D. Benson + +, a widespread and variable species of the southwestern +United States +and western +Mexico +, shares some of these characteristics (e.g., corollas, anther thecae, and pollen). It differs by its less dense and rarely verticillate axillary inflorescences that sometimes form multi-flowered, short dichasiate spikes (terminating shoots or in leaf axils) or consist of solitary 1-flowered dichasia in leaf axils; narrower bracts; and corollas that usually have white markings on the lower lip. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF989B3F89BA16A0B629A61A.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF989B3F89BA16A0B629A61A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4681fe8fc46 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF989B3F89BA16A0B629A61A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,647 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia amplifolia +T.F. Daniel + +, +nom nov. + + + + + + + + +Sericographis macrophylla +Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1854: 149 + +. 1855 + +, + + +non + +Justicia macrophylla +Spreng. + +(1824, as “1825”). + +Jacobinia macrophylla +(Oerst.) Benth. & Hook.f. + + + + + + +ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.- + +Amer., +Bot. 2: 521. 1882 + +. + + +TYPE + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Veracruz + +: Sta. María Tlapacoyo + +, + + +[ + +Tlapacoyan, ca. +19°57′37.67′′N +, +097°11′24.84′′W +], + +V-1841 + +(flr), + +F +. +Liebmann +( +Liebm. Pl. Mex. Nr. +) + + + + +10666 +( +lectotype +, designated here: C!; +isolectotypes +: CAS!, K!, K ex hb. Hook.!, P!). +Figures 3 +, +5 +, +11 +, + + +12 +. + + + +FIGURE +10. + +Justicia totonaca + +. A. Fruiting branch (holotype). B. Close-up of distal portion of flowers ( +Ventura 15945 +). C. Inflorescence ( +Ventura 15945 +). D. Seeds ( +Acevedo R. & Castillo C. 216 +, MEXU). E. Capsule ( +Acevedo R. & Castillo C. 216 +, MO). Scale for A = 5 cm, for B–E = 5 mm. + + + +Erect perennial herbs to shrubs to +2 m +tall. Young stems distally quadrate and 2-sulcate, nearly glabrous or 2-fariously pubescent (trichomes sometimes only along a portion of internodes) with flexuose to antrorse eglandular trichomes to +1.8 mm +long, proximally quadrate and sometimes glabrate. Leaves sessile to subsessile, naked petiole (if present) to +2 mm +long, blades ovate-elliptic to elliptic to broadly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, +100–340 mm +long, +55–146 mm +wide, 1.4–2.8 × longer than wide, rounded and abruptly acute to apiculate at apex, broadly attenuate or rounded and ± abruptly constricted at base and sometimes ± auriculate-clasping there, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface glabrous, both surfaces minutely and inconspicuously punctate glandular, punctations < +0.05 mm +diam. and sometimes drying dark reddish or black, margin entire, proximally ciliate with eglandular trichomes to +1.8 mm +long. Inflorescence of axillary (in distal 1–2 pairs of leaves or reduced leaves, 1–2 per axil, opposite at nodes) and /or terminal pedunculate panicles of unilateral dichasiate spikes, these sometimes collectively forming a dense and broad cluster of flowers, peduncles of panicles to +50 mm +long, ± glabrous or pubescent like young stems, rachis glabrous; dichasia mostly 1 per node (alternate), 1 per axil, 1-flowered, sessile to subsessile (i.e., with peduncles < +1 mm +long). Bracts subtending dichasia opposite to subopposite, homomorphic, broadly triangular, +1–2 mm +long, +1–1.2 mm +wide, abaxially glabrous. Bracteoles narrowly triangular to broadly triangular, +1–2 mm +long, +0.4–0.8 mm +wide, abaxially glabrous. Flowers sessile to subsessile (i.e., with pedicels to +0.5 mm +long). Calyx 5-lobed, +3–5 mm +long, lobes homomorphic, lance-subulate, +2–3 mm +long, +0.8–1 mm +wide, abaxially and marginally glabrous. Corolla orange, +25–42 mm +long, externally glabrous except for very sparse and inconspicuous stipitate glandular trichomes < +0.05 mm +long, these located mostly or entirely on the distal portion of the corolla tube and/or limb, tube +14–31 mm +long, gradually expanded distally (i.e., no clear distinction between narrow proximal portion and throat), +3.5–4.5 mm +diam. (measured flat) at mouth, upper lip +9–18 mm +long, apically entire to very shallowly 2-fid, lower lip recoiled, 9–20, lobes +1–1.5 mm +long, +1.5–2 mm +wide. Stamens +9–19 mm +long, filaments glabrous, thecae +2.5–3 mm +long, those of a pair sagittate, subequally to unequally inserted (overlapping by up to +2.6 mm +), equal to subequal in length, glabrous, lacking basal appendages. Pollen 2-aperturate, apertures consisting of a relatively short colpus (brevicolpate) and a prominent os, flanked on each side by 2–3 rows of insulae (farthest rows from aperture sometimes consisting partially or entirely of peninsulae). Style +20–45 mm +long, glabrous; stigma oblong, +0.2–0.4 mm +long, unequally and inconspicuously 2-lobed. Capsule not seen (ovary glabrous). + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: March–June; fruiting: unknown. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITATS + +.— +Mexico +( +Puebla +and +Veracruz +; +Fig. 5 +); plants occur in gallery forests and in disturbed areas (e.g., roadsides, cultivated lands) at elevations of 690–977 meters. The species is known in cultivation, and some collections noted below might pertain to remnants or escapes therefrom. + + + +USE + +.— Planted for living fence ( +Amith et al. s.n. +). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— Based on the six collections that are potentially from native habitats, the EOO = +3,343 km +2 +, the AOO = + +20 km +2 +, and the greatest linear extent of the distributional range of the species ( +NW +– +SE +) is +158 km +. The +lectotype +is likely from an area that is now protected, the + +Parque Estatal +Río Filobobos + +y su Entorno. Threats have not been identified for this species, although some likely exist. +Thus +, the number of locations is unclear. +Given +these data, and the likelihood that some of the collections cited represent cultivated or naturalized plants, this species is provisionally assessed as +Data Deficient +( +DD +) + +. + + + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Puebla + +: +Mpio. Cuetzalan +, between +San Miguel Tzinacapan +and +Ayotzinapan +, en el pueblo de +Tecoloapa +, +20°02′54.63′′N +, +097°32′20.72′′W +, + +J + + + +. + +Amith +& +P + +. + + + +Mendoza +1419 + +( +CAS +; MEXU-image only); +Mpio. Cuetzalan +, +San Miguel +, [ca. +20°01′52.83′′N +, +097°32′33.91′′W +], + +J + + +. + + +Amith +et al. s.n. + +in 2015 ( +CAS +); +Mpio. Zongozotla +, carr. +Zongozotla +– +Cuautempan +, en la cascada +Tuxpinicin +, +19.98164 +, +-97.75716 +, + +C + + + +. + +Ledesma +C +., +O + +. + +López +F +. & +A + +. + +Sotero +H + +. + + +21907 +( +CAS +); +Mpio. Zihuateutla +, +Zihuateutla +, + +40 m + +de la clínica +de Zihuateutla +, en la casa de +Regina Villegas +, +20.25152 +, +-97.88684 +, + +C + + + +. + +Ledesma +C + +. et al. 86044 + +(CAS). + + +Veracruz + +: +Mirador +[ca. +19°12′N +, +096°52′W +], + +F + + +. + + +Liebmann +( +Liebm. Pl. Mex. Nr. +) 10667 + +( +syntype +: +C +!) + +. + + +Cultivation +: + +Selby Botanical Gardens +(ex +Gardino Nursery +, +Delray Beach +, +Florida +), + +H + + +. + + +Luther +s.n. + +in 2006 ( +CAS +), in 2009 ( +CAS +) + +. + + + + +FIGURE +11. + +Justicia amplifolia + +. Drawing of + +Sericographis macrophylla + +(presumably by Oersted) at C showing (from left): calyx subtended by a bract and two bracteoles, bract, bracteole, a corolla cut open showing insertion of filaments, apex of style with stigma, and several views of the bithecous anthers. Used with permission of, and copyright reserved to, the herbarium (C) at the Natural History Museum of Denmark. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— + +A +lectotype +is designated above from the original material at + + +C +, where the first set of +Liebmann’s +collections from +Mexico +and +Central America +is deposited, and where +Oersted +studied them. +Oersted (1855) +cited two collections of +Liebmann +from +Veracruz +, a +syntype +from +Mirador +( +Liebmann 10667 +) and the +lectotype +noted above. +From +the original material, +Liebmann’s +flowering collection with the larger leaves, represented by several duplicate specimens, is chosen as the +lectotype +. An unpublished illustration at + + +C +, bearing +Oersted’s +name for the species in his handwriting, is also likely original material ( +Fig. 11 +) + +. + + + +FIGURE +12. + +Justicia amplifolia + +. Habit (top left), shoot with inflorescence showing large leaves (top right), inflorescence (bottom left), flower from below (bottom right). Photos of cultivated plants taken at Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden by the author, except photo of flower by J. Amith (used with permission) taken in Puebla. + + + +In 1977 Wasshausen annotated, as + +Jacobinia macrophylla + +, two Mexican specimens from +Veracruz +at P that were collected by Hahn in 1866 at Chiquihuite (Cerro del Chiquihuite, ca. +18°56′14′′N +, +96°46′22′′W +) and at “ +Veracruz +.” Both superficially resemble + +J. amplifolia + +by their large leaves. However leaves on both collections differ from those of + +J. amplifolia + +by having petioles much longer than +2 mm +and blades pubescent and narrowly attenuate at the base. Additionally, collector’s notes on the specimen from Chiquihuite indicate that the corollas were brilliant red. The identity or identities of these two plants will require additional study. + + +Daniel (1995) +included this species in, and annotated specimens of it as, + +Justicia spicigera + +. Subsequent studies of recent collections and living plants (e.g., at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, +Fig. 12 +) reveal it to be at least as distinct from that species as + +J. leonardii + +. + +Justicia spicigera + +, which has human uses (medicine, dye, ornament) and does not often produce fruits, might have been derived from + +J. leonardii + +by early human cultivation/selection. If so, it is possible that + +J. amplifolia + +, which has at least ornamental uses, might also be a human-influenced derivative of either + +J. spicigera + +or + +J. leonardii + +. All three species are cultivated and share several characteristics, including orangish corollas with the lower lip recoiled. Pollen of + +J. amplifolia + +is similar to but appears to differ slightly from that of + +J. spicigera + +and + +J. leonardii + +by it shorter colpi. Additional distinctions among them are noted in the key above under + +J. totonaca + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF999B3889A813BCB1D7A127.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF999B3889A813BCB1D7A127.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..59ea03309c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF999B3889A813BCB1D7A127.xml @@ -0,0 +1,461 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia totonaca +T.F. Daniel + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Veracruz + +: +Mpio. Atoyac +, +Cerro La Perla +, + +3 km +SE de Miraflores + +, +18°57′N +, +096°48′W +, selva mediana subperennifolia, suelo kárstico, + +900 m + +, + +17-V-1985 + +(frt) + +, + + +R +. +Acevedo + + +R +. & +R +. +Acosta + +P +. + + +109 +( +holotype +: +MEXU +!; +isotypes +: IEB-not seen, XAL-not seen). +Figures 2 +, +6 +, +10 + +. + + +Shrubs to +2 m +tall. Young stems subquadrate, evenly and densely pubescent (i.e., stem surface not clearly visible) with erect to flexuose to retrorse to antrorse eglandular trichomes +0.2–0.8 mm +long. Leaves petiolate, petioles +7–41 mm +long, blades (ovate-elliptic to) elliptic, +151–265 mm +long, +57–130 mm +wide, 1.6–2.9 × longer than wide, acuminate at apex, subattenuate to attenuate at base, adaxial surface pubescent with mostly erect to antrorse eglandular trichomes +0.2–1 mm +long, abaxial surface and margin similarly pubescent, margin entire, ciliate throughout. Inflorescence of axillary (in axils of distalmost 1–2 pairs of sometimes smaller leaves) and terminal pedunculate dichasiate spikes, these forming a terminal panicle of spikes to +60 mm +long (including peduncle but excluding flowers), peduncles of spikes to +20 mm +long, pubescent like young stems, rachis pubescent with trichomes like those of young stems but these conspicuously sparser; dichasia opposite (or with some alternate) at nodes, 1 per axil, 1-flowered, sessile. Bracts triangular to ovate to oblong, +1.5–5 mm +long, +1–1.3 mm +wide (often subfoliose and larger at base of spike, i.e., petiolate, obovate to subcircular, and up to 21 × +12 mm +in size), apically acute to subacute, abaxially pubescent like rachis. Bracteoles triangular to subulate, +1.5–2.2 mm +long, +0.5–1 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like rachis. Flowers sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, +5–7.5 mm +long, lobes homomorphic, lanceolate, +3.5–5.5 mm +long, +1–1.5 mm +wide, abaxially and marginally pubescent like rachis. Corolla orange, +40–49 mm +long, externally pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes +0.1–0.4 mm +long, tube gradually expanded distally, +31 mm +long, +6 mm +in diameter (measured flat) at mouth, upper lip +15–17 mm +long, 2-fid at apex, lower lip +13 mm +long, recoiled, 3-lobed, lobes +1.5–2 mm +long, +1–1.6 mm +wide, central lobe widest. Stamens ca. +20 mm +long, filaments pubescent with eglandular trichomes except glabrous in distal ca. one-fifth), thecae of a pair parallel to subsagittate, subequally inserted, +3.3–3.8 mm +long, subequal in length, glabrous, each with a rounded basal appendage +0.1–0.2 mm +long. Pollen 2-aperturate with a central pore-like aperture flanked on each side by 2 rows of insulae (and sometimes with peninsulae as well). Style +44 mm +long, glabrous throughout; stigma globose to subellipsoid, +0.2–0.3 mm +long, Capsule +33–43 mm +long, glabrous, stipe +17–21 mm +long, head +15–22 mm +long. Seeds +7 mm +long, +3.5–5 mm +wide, surfaces pustulate-roughened, lacking elongate trichomes. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: March; fruiting: May–June. + + + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION + + +AND + + +HABITATS + + +.— +Mexico +(west-central +Veracruz +; +Fig. 2 +); plants occur on montane slopes (sometimes noted as karsted) in “selva mediana subperennifolia” and oak forests at elevations of + +600–900 m + +. + + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— Based on the three known collection sites for this species, the calculated EOO = +2.2 km +2 +(altered to +12 km +2 +because it is less than the AOO), the AOO = +12 km +2 +, and the greatest linear extent of its distributional range (E–W) = +19 km +. The species does not occur in a protected area. +Ventura 15945 +indicated that species was rare at the collection site, whereas +Acevedo R. & Castillo C. 216 +indicated that plants were abundant at their site. In spite of the small EOO and AOO, no threats have been identified for this species. Its montane habitats do not appear to have been severely impacted based on Google Earth historical imagery between 2001 and 2019 ( +Google Earth Pro 2019 +). A provisional assessment of Least Concern (LC) is proposed for this species based on current knowledge. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— The specific epithet derives from the name of the indigenous Totonac people of central +Veracruz +. + + + + + +PARATYPES + + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Veracruz + +: Mpio. Atoyac, +La Joya +, ca. +1.5 km +NW del +Rancho de Santa Rosa +, +18°57′N +, +096°46′W +, + +R +. Acevedo +R +. & +G +. Castillo +C +. 216 + +(IEB-not seen, +MEXU +, +MO +, XAL-not seen); Mpio. Córdoba, Lagunilla, [ +18.961389 +, +-96.942222 +], + +F +. Ventura 15945 + +(IEB-not seen, +MEXU +, XAL-not seen) + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— Prominent characteristics of + +J. totonaca + +( +Fig. 10 +) include: dense cauline trichomes, large leaf blades, orange corollas externally pubescent with eglandular trichomes only and with the lower lip recoiled, elongate capsules, and large seeds. This species shares several morphological characteristics with a trio of similar species (each of them sometimes cultivated) that also occur in this general region of +Mexico +: + +J. amplifolia +T.F. Daniel + +, + +J. leonardii +Wassh. + +, and + +J. spicigera +Schltdl. All + +have orange corollas of similar shape and size, with the lower lip recoiled. + +Justicia spicigera + +is the only species in this group that produces a bluish dye when herbage is placed in water. Pollen of + +J. totonaca + +( +Fig. 6 +), unlike that of other members of this assemblage, lacks distinct colpi. These species can be distinguished using the following key. + + + + + + + +1a. Young stems evenly pubescent with trichomes dense (stem surface not clearly visible); calyx +5–7.5 mm +long; corolla externally pubescent throughout with eglandular trichomes +0.1–0.4 mm +long; anther thecae +3.3–3.8 mm +long, both with basal appendages +0.1–0.2 mm +long; capsule +33–43 mm +long; seeds 7 × +3.5–5 mm +; pollen 2-aperturate, but lacking colpi......................................... + +J. totonaca + + + + + +1b. Young stems nearly glabrous or evenly to 2-fariously pubescent with trichomes sparse to ± dense (stem surface clearly visible); calyx +2.5–5 mm +long; corolla externally glabrous or appearing glabrous but with sparse and inconspicuous glandular (and sometimes eglandular) trichomes up to +0.1 mm +long located proximally and/or distally; anther thecae +1.5–3 mm +long, lacking basal appendages; capsule +15–21 mm +long (unknown in + +J. amplifolia + +); seeds 2.7–4 × +2.5–3.5 mm +(unknown in + +J. amplifolia + +); pollen 2-colporate.. 2 + + + + + + +2a. Leaves sessile or subsessile with petioles up to +2 mm +long, blades large (100–340 × +55–146 mm +), glabrous (although with inconspicuous punctate glands), broadly attenuate or rounded and ± abruptly constricted at base where sometimes ± auriculate-clasping; external surface of corolla appearing glabrous but sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent with stipitate glands located mostly on the distal portion of the tube and/or limb; pollen 2–brevicolporate.................................................. + +J. amplifolia + + + + + +2b. Leaves petiolate, petioles +3–24 mm +long (if less than +3 mm +long as in some + +J. leonardii + +, then blades short- er than +100 mm +and narrower than +55 mm +and narrowly attenuate at base), blades usually pubescent with elongate trichomes (at least along major veins), acute to attenuate at base; external surface of corolla glabrous or appearing so but with sparse and inconspicuous stipitate glands usually restricted to proximal portion of tube; pollen 2–colporate (elongate colpi at least evident if not prominent)................ 3 + + + + + + +3a. Stems and leaves yielding a bluish dye when placed in water; leaves glabrous or pubescent with trichomes mostly restricted to major veins; bracteoles abaxially glabrous or glandular–punctate; capsules (rarely present) glabrous................................................................ + +J. spicigera + + + + + +3b. Stems and leaves not yielding a dye when placed in water; leaves (at least abaxially) ± evenly pubescent or the intercostal regions conspicuously pubescent; bracteoles pubescent with eglandular trichomes +0.05– 0.5 mm +long; capsules pubescent with inconspicuous sessile to subsessile glands < +0.05 mm +long................................................................................. + +J. leonardii + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF9F9B3F89AD11A7B176A081.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF9F9B3F89AD11A7B176A081.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..73a9a7dd44e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF9F9B3F89AD11A7B176A081.xml @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia phlebodes +Leonard & Gentry + + + + + + + + +MEXICO +. + +Nayarit + +: along route 28 +between Tepic and Jalcacatlan +[Nay rte. 66 or Mex. rte. 76 and Jalcocotán on recent maps], between +KM 14 +and +KM 15 +, [ca. +21°31′47.25′′N +, +105° 02′0.74′′W +], ca. + +1000 m + +, + +7-I-1979 + +(flr, frt), + +T +. Croat 45204 + +( +MO +); +Tepic +, + +5-I–6-II 1892 + +(flr), + +E +. Palmer 2007 + + +( +US +). + + +These two collections from west-central +Nayarit +are the first records of + +J. phlebodes + +from the state, extend the distribution of the species ca. +225 km +south of its nearest known locale in southern +Sinaloa +, and closely resemble conspecifics from other regions of northwestern +Mexico +. Indeed, the 2-aperturate pollen with 2–2.5 rows of insulae (to peninsulae) of +Croat 45204 +matches pollen previously noted for the species ( +Daniel 2004 +). These collections from +Nayarit +differ from/augment information in +Daniel’s (2004) +description of plants occurring to the north only in the following minor (and mostly continuous) characteristics: bracteoles up to +7 mm +long and down to +0.3 mm +wide; corolla ± infundibuliform with the tube slightly expanding ca. +4 mm +distal to the base and thence slightly expanded toward the mouth, the upper lip up to +11 mm +long, and the lower lip up to +11.5 mm +long with lobes up to +5 mm +long; and the gap between the two anther thecae down to +0.2 mm +long, and the lower theca with a basal appendage down to +0.1 mm +long. The species has been reported previously from +Chihuahua +, +Durango +, +Sonora +, and +Sinaloa +( +Daniel 2004 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF9F9B3F89CC178BB7C3A26E.xml b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF9F9B3F89CC178BB7C3A26E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6e3120e1481 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/8F/5F/25/8F5F250BFF9F9B3F89CC178BB7C3A26E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ + + + +New and Reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae XIII. Justicia + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +3 + + +61 +85 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13157250 +0068-547X +13157250 + + + + + + + +Justicia pilosella +(Nees) Hilsenb. + + + + + + + + +MEXICO +. + +Veracruz + +: +Mpio. Tempoal +, +5 km +del entronque al +Higo +dirección alrededores del +Ejido San Andrés +, +21°49′N +, +098°24′W +, + +20 m + +, selva baja espinosa, + +10-VI-1986 + +(flr), + +C + + + +. + +Gutierrez +B + +. & + +E + +. + + + +Montoya +1834 + +( +MEXU +, +XAL +) + +. + + + +In addition to its occurrences in the +United States +( +New Mexico +, +Texas +), +Daniel (2011) +recorded this species from the the following Mexican states: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas. The collection noted above extends the distribution of + +J. pilosella + +into +northwestern Veracruz +, ca. +75 km +southwest of its known occurrence near Tampico in +southern Tamaulipas +, and ca. +135 km +east of an occurrence in +eastern San Luis Potosí + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/EF/30/56/EF305675DB23FFF0147ECFF2DF70E985.xml b/data/EF/30/56/EF305675DB23FFF0147ECFF2DF70E985.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4c0f3302138 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/EF/30/56/EF305675DB23FFF0147ECFF2DF70E985.xml @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ + + + +A Review of the Wasp Genus Tachytes Panzer, 1806 of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) + + + +Author + +Pulawski, Wojciech J. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +7 + + +117 +135 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13156992 +0068-547X +13156992 + + + + + + + +Tachytes galeatus +Pulawski + +, +species nova + + + + + + +Figures 18–20. + + + +NAME + + +DERIVATION + +.— +Galeatus +is an adjective derived from +galea +, which is unusually long in this species. + + + +RECOGNITION + +.— Like + +T +. +argyropis + +and unlike all other Madagascan + +Tachytes + +, the galea of this species is longer than the scape, as in +Figs. 1 and 2 +(rather than shorter) and the first article of the labial palpus is about as long as the scape, as in +Fig. 3 +(rather than markedly shorter). Unlike + +T. argyropis + +, the palpal formula of + +T. galeatus + +is 6+4 (rather than 5+3); see the key for other differences. + + + +Tachytes galeatus + +resembles several continental African species in having an elongate galea and the first article of the labial palpus and in lacking the golden setae arranged in a checkered pattern on the gastral terga (these setae are present in + +T. basilicus +Guérin-Méneville + +and its relatives). It differs from all these species in having the gaster dark reddish or at least with dark reddish zones rather than all black. + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Head round in frontal view. Gena in dorsal view slightly narrower than in + +T. panzeri +(Dufour) + +. Galea 1.5 × as long as scape. First article of labial palpus about as long as scape. + +Appressed silvery pilosity concealing integument on pronotal collar, sparse and not concealing integument on remaining thorax and propodeum (scutum anterolaterally without conspicuous appressed pilosity). Setae of postocellar area as long as 0.5-0.6 × scape, those on scutum 0.4 × scape in female, 0.5 × in male; sternum II without erect setae in female, in male with erect setae posteromedially (setal length about 2.0 × midocellar diameter). +Head, thorax and propodeum black; male + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/EF/30/56/EF305675DB26FFF4147ECA3CD995EC9C.xml b/data/EF/30/56/EF305675DB26FFF4147ECA3CD995EC9C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..32d8b6a0b4f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/EF/30/56/EF305675DB26FFF4147ECA3CD995EC9C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ + + + +A Review of the Wasp Genus Tachytes Panzer, 1806 of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) + + + +Author + +Pulawski, Wojciech J. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2019 + +2019-09-30 + + +66 + + +7 + + +117 +135 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13156992 +0068-547X +13156992 + + + + + + + +Tachytes melanogaster +Pulawski + +, +species nova + + + + +Figures 26–29. + +NAME + + +DERIVATION + +.— +Melanogaster +is derived from two Greek words: +μελανός +(black, dark) + + + + +and +γαστήρ +(gaster); with reference to the presence of black setae only on this species terga I-V. + + + +RECOGNITION + +.— Only the female of this species is known. Unlike all other Madagascan species, and like + +T. nigropilosellus +(Cameron) + +and + +T. nudiventris +Turner + +from the continental Africa, + +T. melanogaster + +has the setae of terga I-V all black (Fig. 27) and directed posteriorly (rather that all golden or silvery on apical depression and diverging posteriorly on the apical depressions of at least terga IV and V). Unlike these two species, the female of + +T. melanogaster + +has five rather than six rake spines on the forebasitarsus and the setae of the pygidial plate (Fig. 28) cupreous (rather than black). The postocellar punctures in + +T. melanogaster + +are mainly large and sparse, intermixed with smaller and denser punctures (Fig. 26), whereas in + +T. nudiventris + +the fine punctures are absent and only the larger, sparse punctures are present ( +Fig. 25 +); also, the wing veins are light brown in + +T. melanogaster + +, but the costal and subcostal veins are black in + +T. nudiventris +. +T. nigropilosellus + +differs conspicuously in having the erect setae of the head, thorax, and propodeum black (rather than silvery), the wings deep black with violet shimmer (rather than nearly hyaline, with yellow tinge), and by its much larger size (the female length is +23-30 mm +, while 14.5-15.0 mm in + +T. melanogaster + +). + + + +FIGURE +25. + +Tachytes nudiventris +Turner. Postocellar + +area of female. + + +FIGURES +26-28. + +Tachytes melanogaster + +sp. nov. +(26) Postocellar area of female; (27) Female gaster in dorsal view; (28) Pygidial plate of female showing color of setae. + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— +♀ +. Head nearly round in front view; minimum interocular distance equal to 0.32-0.34 of the clypeal width and to 1.4 ×of dorsal length of flagellomere I; the latter 2.3-2.4 × apical width. Postocellar punctures mainly large, sparse, intermixed with smaller and denser punctures (Fig. 26). Gena narrow in dorsal view, narrower than in + +T. panzeri + +. Sternum II minutely, closely punctate throughout except narrowly impunctate apicomesally in +one specimen +. Forebasitarsus with five rake spines. + +Pronotal collar posteriorly with appressed silvery setae, remaining thorax and propodeum without such setae. Setae of postocellar area about as long as 0.5 × scape; scutum anterolaterally without conspicuous appressed pilosity; scutal setae about as long as 0.4 × scape; sternum II anterolaterally with sparse, inconspicuous erect setae whose length is up to about 2 × midocellar width; longest setae of hindfemoral venter equal to about 0.4 × hindfemur greatest width. Setae of terga I-V all black and directed posteriorly; setae of pygidial plate cupreous (Fig. 28). +Head, thorax, and gaster all black; scape ferruginous (except partly or all black dorsally), fla- + + + \ No newline at end of file