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Luangsa-ard,
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Hywel-Jones, Houbraken &amp; Samson,
<bibCitation id="5CE58B40EE5EFFE6E9AFFB0A8924FAFE" box="[911,1356,1274,1301]" journal="FEMS Microbiol. Lett." page="144" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" score="783.6780141682028" volume="321" year="2011">FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 321: 144 (2011)</bibCitation>
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species:
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<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB08FA968E38FA6A" box="[296,592,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Purpureocillium lilacinum</emphasis>
(Thom) Luangsa-ard,
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Houbraken, Hywel-Jones &amp; Samson,
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.
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<mods:role id="60A4FA402EC0B0EB7BF16F11566FB5DC">
<mods:roleTerm id="27D2EF975521E7DCC8ED85CBB77CED8F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="020519E04A376EA32842730ACCB5CB26">Priyashantha, Alviti Kankanamalage Hasith</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B88C7012D8934CBE14EDE56230ED4B1F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4809-2605</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F30CAA40B7F4DE0177C9FAFEA354750F">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0389C1996E350B0C374C94945C957A36" type="email">priyashanthahasith@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="089C4418ED9DA582A1ACCAE4436DF267" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BA250D76440FBF88B3FCDDB9CFA15FF7">Promputtha, Itthayakorn</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1F4DD8D84EBD181634B100F9B8EF08F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3376-4376</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="979216A989E2732B2BF5758159EB5372">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0687CBCCD702B408AA9830240A751B67" type="email">itthayakorn.p@cmu.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="47201DF5FBE1931C96F5448FDB614FC8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CEC34A12A5932FCBB63A9EFE1EDC15BF">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D73B28941D2FAD9BCC5C6951F0270E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7124D423C86E25745128210D736E1CD9">Chen, Xuemei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EBE085561E36AD580A97CC9BFDC47668" type="ORCID">0009-0004-8631-0735</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="75DFF650EAEA6E6BB4F460D53CD8C862">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="991AA730A9ED93695D215AD9384C153D" type="email">e3396023108@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0FF0F15133BC987EA867941BE0D8A402" type="personal">
<mods:role id="04E9CFA0FC78D3E6C1F7E67A63862C54">
<mods:roleTerm id="0DB24951C9EB21E6B9E40B8E98A17A6E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DFDD4171B1E9E2C48929D85D691CC964">Elgorban, Abdallah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="59F87532C7F2F2920E8231D7BFAADF20" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3664-7853</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="600E21E7FF6EA3E6403079C85CD82AC7">Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="36A923056DF90FD67EFCBF2BAFDCC397" type="email">aelgorban@ksu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7BD957B347813ED76F0DB009A7E62B62" type="personal">
<mods:role id="99E5C6B0A43FC75DFB5426454C2C252E">
<mods:roleTerm id="93A446965EC3804830BA2C10CAFDC5AE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="56A767D01EA0CE816E457FDC9A90208D">Bashir, Nawaz Haider</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="53A7FCBAF271E66BFFDDF30238659ACC" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0206-2435</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F9F0E3CBB23E12E79976798A0E5DF7A2">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6B5A6BEC184B52350B864B106ECAAA9" type="email">nawazhaider@caf.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="85771914AE583978A36F0D276409D738" type="personal">
<mods:role id="530D5F749977AF00D162251B7EB7AA44">
<mods:roleTerm id="70D6B0A8493708AD505405982F516921">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DA2EB05947A5501569498DCAC0F7A4FB">Tibpromma, Saowaluck</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9A417AB972493B2C1E6596157CBE7FED" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4706-6547</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F4AF57BCF05AA7A550EB8C3A0B86D5F3">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0FC293959A5E77BCBF3D88DC2797693E" type="email">saowaluckfai@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="231729997C7E2D99DAE012235967E68F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D9F5C5B843086B8BA6DECA5EC52FB3AA">
<mods:roleTerm id="8CC2202C0EE830D5C71F7CC56126FF01">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3149DE18661C43C9A97655DF46997532">Dossa, Gbadamassi G. O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="65C0F131B254BB5F398D981A322355EA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9767-7306</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C6C5E7A5065D0398E0F1C88BB1C65F51">Gardening and Horticulture Department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4BFBCE2B0FB0950ACCF2309F1B72C11" type="email">dgbadamassi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="095482F77A49734D534A1FF992FD2D97">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="61F4AB9D46D6EFAB7A59F987794C6129" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9091CF384205A60712A3692A07BE3BE1">
<mods:title id="38118F4C9F78CFF4D0CC49A8D6480EB7">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1618993F7975529CD01F64F684095120">
<mods:date id="C02EDD70509FF5AC319078ADECE7D5FA">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A65DC5DB37727CD61A7F66F0B302EBB2" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="61CC96F1C2537A96CEB59CFEBEF7CDF7">2024-04-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F2032C566B262C05C186F3C014049C56" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6FC7F29835BC0ED66217B21E17773E93">644</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E8BF562D088E2BE71721E3E9350D3CAC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8B5CDF3C5B9041E056C8EB909C1895BD">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="06B2D8FB951A14E3074E100DAB980E4F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="062AB2ADAB2A293E5DBCCBAC85A543B3">243</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FD553F93657C18993FCECB9C2CD00F81">257</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="0C399A46EB458228C6B9E37280506B56">
<mods:url id="A0DFB7571D8B4FC2E095B30266331269">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.644.4.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9F07A23B9D59AAF2368B604974DF9396">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4335F6BD435B86666E03923B779163EA" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.644.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AA96689D3C9D114A937ECCB43BBEC6EC" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5591207F66EC36DFDDB68E72F6E0F07" type="Zenodo-Dep">13214762</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0166323AEE5EFFEBEAA8FA228D68FD82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0166323AEE5EFFEBEAA8FA228D68FD82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0166323AEE5EFFEBEAA8FA228D68FD82" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE5EFFE6EAA8FA22892FFA07" box="[136,1351,1490,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EAA8FA22892FFA07" blockId="7.[136,1351,1490,1517]" box="[136,1351,1490,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<heading id="D2383440EE5EFFE6EAA8FA22892FFA07" box="[136,1351,1490,1517]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EAA8FA228F8FFA06" ID-CoL="78P5B" authority="(Yasuda) Spatafora, Hywel-Jones &amp; Luangsa-ard" authorityName="Spatafora, Hywel-Jones &amp; Luangsa-ard" baseAuthorityName="Yasuda" box="[136,999,1490,1517]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Purpureocillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EAA8FA228DDEFA07" bold="true" box="[136,438,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Purpureocillium atypicola</emphasis>
(Yasuda) Spatafora, Hywel-Jones &amp; Luangsa-ard
</taxonomicName>
, IMA Fungus 6 (2): 361 (2015)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE5EFFE6EAA8FA0A8CBFF8BE" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" type="description">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EAA8FA0A8D8AF9FA" blockId="7.[136,482,1530,1552]" box="[136,482,1530,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Index Fungorum number: IF816152</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EAA8F9CE8CBFF8BE" blockId="7.[136,1452,1598,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EAA8F9CE8D4FF9B2" bold="true" box="[136,295,1598,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Descriptions:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB10F9CE8DFCF9B2" box="[304,404,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Saprobic</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB9FF9CE8EE6F9B2" box="[447,654,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">entomopathogenic</emphasis>
on spider hosts, appearing felty, powdery, pulverulent, velutinous, or flocculose, with abundant sporulation.
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6E86CF9928ED2F996" authorityName="Corda" authorityYear="1842" box="[588,698,1634,1660]" genus="Mycelium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E86CF9928ED2F996" box="[588,698,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Mycelium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
25 μm wide (x̄ = 3.5 μm, n = 20), hyaline, septate, branched, tubular, thick-walled, terminal round.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E860F9768E9CF94A" bold="true" box="[576,756,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Sexual morph:</emphasis>
undetermined.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E98AF9768805F94A" bold="true" box="[938,1133,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Asexual morph:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EE58F9768975F94A" box="[1144,1309,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Conidiophores</emphasis>
3.24.5 μm wide, cylindrical straight to slightly curved, septate, smooth-walled, densely grouped, each bearing 26 compacted phialides around the stalk.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB90F93E8EFBF902" box="[432,659,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Conidiogenous cells</emphasis>
46.5 × 23 μm (x̄ = 5.5 × 2 μm, n = 20), solitary or occurring in lateral clusters, subglobose to ampulliform.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E808F9028EEAF8E6" box="[552,642,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Conidia</emphasis>
35 × 1.53 μm (x̄ = 4.5 × 2 μm, n = 20), catenated, broadly ellipsoidal to cylindrical when mature, blunt ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, with or without oil droplets. Chlamydospores absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE5EFFE6EA9DF8AE8D8BF7C6" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EA9DF8AE8F1BF82A" blockId="7.[136,1452,1598,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EA9DF8AE8DBEF892" bold="true" box="[189,470,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Culture characteristics:</emphasis>
Aerial mycelia dense, raised, white to greyish brown in age, lobate edge, easily sporulated in PDA within one month, numerous conidia spread on colony surface, and purple to lilac in reflected light, yellowishbrown from the reverse. Brown pigments produced in PDA media.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EA9DF83A8D8BF7C6" blockId="7.[136,1452,1598,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EA9DF83A8DD9F80E" bold="true" box="[189,433,1994,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Known substratum:</emphasis>
Spider (
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6E837F83B8E9DF80E" box="[535,757,1994,2021]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapdoor">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E837F83B8E9DF80E" box="[535,757,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Actinopus trapdoor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E930F83A8FB7F80E" author="Coyle, F. A. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. &amp; Samson, R. A." box="[784,991,1994,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="89 - 93" refId="ref7046" refString="Coyle, F. A. Goloboff, P. A. &amp; Samson, R. A. (1990) Actinopus trapdoor spiders (Araneae, Actinopodidae) killed by the fungus, Nomuraea atypicola (Deuteromycotina). Acta Zoologica Fennica 190: 89 - 93." type="journal article" year="1990">
Coyle
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E97EF83B8FF1F80E" box="[862,921,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
); Spider (
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EE72F83B8953F80E" box="[1106,1339,1994,2020]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Clavicipitaceae" genus="Nomuraea" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EE72F83B8953F80E" box="[1106,1339,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Nomuraea atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EF76F83A8DFDF7E3" author="Hywel-Jones, N. L. &amp; Sivichai, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="809 - 812" refId="ref7736" refString="Hywel-Jones, N. L. &amp; Sivichai, S. (1995) Cordyceps cylindrica and its association with Nomuraea atypicola in Thailand. Mycological Research 99: 809 - 812. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0953 - 7562 (09) 80731 - 4" type="journal article" year="1995">Hywel-Jones &amp; Sivichai 1995</bibRefCitation>
); Spider (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E829F81E8ED8F7E3" author="Li, C. R. &amp; Chen, A. H. &amp; Wang, M. &amp; Fan, M. Z. &amp; Li, Z. Z." box="[521,688,2030,2057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="14 - 18" refId="ref7935" refString="Li, C. R., Chen, A. H., Wang, M., Fan, M. Z. &amp; Li, Z. Z. (2005) Cordyceps cylindrica and its anamorph Nomuraea atypicola. Mycosystema 24: 14 - 18" type="journal article" year="2005">
Li
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E80EF81F8E03F7E2" box="[558,619,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
, This study); Trapdoor spider (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EE3EF81E88C4F7E2" author="Evans, H. C." box="[1054,1196,2030,2056]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="107 - 121" refId="ref7186" refString="Evans, H. C. (2013) Fungal pathogens of spiders. In: Nentwig, W. (Ed.) Spider Ecophysiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 107 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 33989 - 9 _ 9" type="book chapter" year="2013">Evans 2013</bibRefCitation>
); Spider (
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EF3EF81E89CFF7E2" box="[1310,1447,2030,2056]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemesiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EAA8F7E28C8FF7C6" box="[136,231,2066,2092]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EADDF7E28DBFF7C6" author="Catania, M. V. &amp; Sanjuan, T. I. &amp; Robledo, G. L." box="[253,471,2066,2092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="261 - 281" refId="ref6944" refString="Catania, M. V., Sanjuan, T. I. &amp; Robledo, G. L. (2018) South American Cordyceps s. l. (Hypocreales, Ascomycota): first assessment of species diversity in Argentina. Nova Hedwigia 106: 261 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova _ hedwigia / 2017 / 0434" type="journal article" year="2018">
Catania
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB7BF7E38DFCF7C6" box="[347,404,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DDB0D3A4EE51FFE9EAA8F8978FEFF84B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214770/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" startId="8.[136,229,1895,1917]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1871]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE51FFE9EAA8F8978FEFF84B" blockId="8.[136,1451,1895,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9EAA8F8978C90F896" bold="true" box="[136,248,1895,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE51FFE9EB25F8978D89F897" box="[261,481,1895,1917]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9EB25F8978D89F897" bold="true" box="[261,481,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Curvularia geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 129046).
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9E8B5F8988EC9F897" bold="true" box="[661,673,1896,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">a</emphasis>
Mycelia on a dead caterpillar;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9E9F0F8988FB5F897" bold="true" box="[976,989,1896,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">b</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9E9C3F8988F86F897" bold="true" box="[995,1006,1896,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">c</emphasis>
obverse and reverse in PDA;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9EF32F898895BF897" bold="true" box="[1298,1331,1895,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">df</emphasis>
stromata on PDA;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9EAE5F87C8C8DF84B" bold="true" box="[197,229,1931,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">gj</emphasis>
conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells bearing conidia;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE51FFE9E92DF87C8F5BF84B" bold="true" box="[781,819,1932,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">kn</emphasis>
conidia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DDB0D3A4EE50FFE8EAA8F8718F3BF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214772/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" startId="9.[136,229,1921,1943]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1896]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE50FFE8EAA8F8718F3BF834" blockId="9.[136,1452,1920,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EAA8F8718E66F87C" bold="true" box="[136,526,1920,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
FIGURE 4.
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE50FFE8EB28F8708E66F87C" box="[264,526,1920,1942]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Purpureocillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EB28F8708E66F87C" bold="true" box="[264,526,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Purpureocillium atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(HKAS 129045).
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8E8E6F8718EBAF87C" bold="true" box="[710,722,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">a</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE50FFE8E8FBF8728F26F87C" box="[731,846,1921,1943]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Purpureocillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8E8FBF8728F26F87C" box="[731,846,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">P. atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonized on a dead spider;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EE4FF8718814F87C" bold="true" box="[1135,1148,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">b</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EEA2F87188E5F87C" bold="true" box="[1154,1165,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">c</emphasis>
close-up of colonies;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EF4AF87189E3F87D" bold="true" box="[1386,1419,1921,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">df</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EFB1F87189F6F87C" bold="true" box="[1425,1438,1921,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">h</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EF85F87189C4F87D" bold="true" box="[1445,1452,1921,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">i</emphasis>
conidiophores bearing conidiogenous cells and conidia stained by congo red reagent;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8E99EF8558FA2F850" bold="true" box="[958,970,1957,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">g</emphasis>
mycelium stained by congo red reagent;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EF77F8558937F851" bold="true" box="[1367,1375,1957,1979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">j</emphasis>
conidia stained by congo red reagent;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8EB89F8398DDEF834" bold="true" box="[425,438,1993,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">k</emphasis>
germinated conidia;
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8E8A1F8398EE0F834" bold="true" box="[641,648,1993,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">l</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE50FFE8E8AEF8398ECAF834" bold="true" box="[654,674,1993,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">m</emphasis>
colonies on PDA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE53FFEBEA9DFF6E8F62FF36" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE53FFEBEA9DFF6E8F62FF36" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEA9DFF6E8DD9FF52" bold="true" box="[189,433,158,184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Known distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE53FFEBEB96FF6E8D91FF52" box="[438,505,158,184]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBE826FF6E8EF5FF53" author="Li, C. R. &amp; Chen, A. H. &amp; Wang, M. &amp; Fan, M. Z. &amp; Li, Z. Z." box="[518,669,158,185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="14 - 18" refId="ref7935" refString="Li, C. R., Chen, A. H., Wang, M., Fan, M. Z. &amp; Li, Z. Z. (2005) Cordyceps cylindrica and its anamorph Nomuraea atypicola. Mycosystema 24: 14 - 18" type="journal article" year="2005">
Li
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBE806FF6F8E35FF52" box="[550,605,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
, this study);
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE53FFEBE906FF6E8FE2FF52" box="[806,906,158,184]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBE9B7FF6E8880FF53" author="Hywel-Jones, N. L. &amp; Sivichai, S." box="[919,1256,158,185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="809 - 812" refId="ref7736" refString="Hywel-Jones, N. L. &amp; Sivichai, S. (1995) Cordyceps cylindrica and its association with Nomuraea atypicola in Thailand. Mycological Research 99: 809 - 812. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0953 - 7562 (09) 80731 - 4" type="journal article" year="1995">Hywel-Jones &amp; Sivichai 1995</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE53FFEBEEDBFF6E8930FF52" box="[1275,1368,158,184]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBEF45FF6E8CADFF36" author="Evans, H. C." pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="107 - 121" refId="ref7186" refString="Evans, H. C. (2013) Fungal pathogens of spiders. In: Nentwig, W. (Ed.) Spider Ecophysiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 107 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 33989 - 9 _ 9" type="book chapter" year="2013">Evans 2013</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE53FFEBEAF7FF328D2EFF36" box="[215,326,194,220]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBEB75FF328E72FF36" author="Coyle, F. A. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. &amp; Samson, R. A." box="[341,538,194,220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="89 - 93" refId="ref7046" refString="Coyle, F. A. Goloboff, P. A. &amp; Samson, R. A. (1990) Actinopus trapdoor spiders (Araneae, Actinopodidae) killed by the fungus, Nomuraea atypicola (Deuteromycotina). Acta Zoologica Fennica 190: 89 - 93." type="journal article" year="1990">
Coyle
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEB80FF338DB1FF36" box="[416,473,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBE805FF328E96FF36" author="Catania, M. V. &amp; Sanjuan, T. I. &amp; Robledo, G. L." box="[549,766,194,220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="261 - 281" refId="ref6944" refString="Catania, M. V., Sanjuan, T. I. &amp; Robledo, G. L. (2018) South American Cordyceps s. l. (Hypocreales, Ascomycota): first assessment of species diversity in Argentina. Nova Hedwigia 106: 261 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova _ hedwigia / 2017 / 0434" type="journal article" year="2018">
Catania
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBE8A2FF338ED2FF36" box="[642,698,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE53FFEBEA9DFF1689FFFECF" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE53FFEBEA9DFF1689FFFECF" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEA9DFF168DC5FEEA" bold="true" box="[189,429,230,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="39A78971EE53FFEBEB97FF1689FBFECF" collectingDate="2022-07-20" collectionCode="HKAS" collectorName="Dossa G. G. O. &amp; Tro 1" country="China" location="Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" specimenCode="HKAS 129045" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE53FFEBEB97FF168D95FEEA" box="[439,509,230,256]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4B0B4DCEEE53FFEBE82BFF178EB9FEEA" box="[523,721,230,257]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8C10D5F7EE53FFEBE8C0FF1688A3FEEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0166323AEE5EFFEBEAA8FA228D68FD82:8C10D5F7EE53FFEBE8C0FF1688A3FEEA" box="[736,1227,230,256]" country="China" name="Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</location>
, on dead bodies of spiders,
<date id="FD71A5ECEE53FFEBEAC5FEFA8D11FECE" box="[229,377,266,292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" value="2022-07-20">
<collectingDate id="ED355C04EE53FFEBEAC5FEFA8D11FECE" box="[229,377,266,292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" value="2022-07-20">20 July 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="243AE6FAEE53FFEBEBA4FEFB8E4BFECE" box="[388,547,266,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Dossa G.G.O.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="243AE6FAEE53FFEBE80FFEFA8E0CFECE" box="[559,612,266,292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Tro1</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="D9692B57EE53FFEBE853FEFA8F48FECF" box="[627,800,266,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">HKAS 129045</specimenCode>
), living culture KUNCC 23-13354 = KUNCC23-13355
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE53FFEBEA9DFEDE8D68FD82" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE53FFEBEA9DFEDE8D68FD82" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEA9DFEDE8D61FEA2" bold="true" box="[189,265,302,328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Notes:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBEB32FEDE8DA2FEA2" box="[274,458,302,328]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Purpureocillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEB32FEDE8DA2FEA2" box="[274,458,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Purpureocillium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known as a common spider pathogen (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBE9E0FEDE88DEFEA3" author="Spatafora, J. W. &amp; Quandt, C. A. &amp; Kepler, R. M. &amp; Sung, G. H. &amp; Shrestha, B. &amp; Hywel-Jones, N. L." box="[960,1206,302,329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref9860" refString="Spatafora, J. W., Quandt, C. A., Kepler, R. M., Sung, G. H., Shrestha, B., Hywel-Jones, N. L. &amp; Luangsa-ard, J. J. (2015) New 1 F 1 N species combinations in Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales). IMA Fungus 6: 357 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.5598 / imafungus. 2015.06.02.07" type="journal article" year="2015">
Spatafora
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEE16FEDF8818FEA2" box="[1078,1136,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Our isolates share a similar anamorph with
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBEBB0FEA38E7CFE86" box="[400,532,338,364]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Purpureocillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEBB0FEA38E7CFE86" box="[400,532,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">P. atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBE887FEA28FF0FE86" box="[679,920,338,364]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Cordyceps" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBE887FEA28FF0FE86" box="[679,920,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Cordyceps cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBE986FEA388E4FE86" box="[934,1164,338,364]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Clavicipitaceae" genus="Nomuraea" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBE986FEA388E4FE86" box="[934,1164,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Nomuraea atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBEEECFEA389F3FE86" box="[1228,1435,338,365]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Spicaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEEECFEA389F3FE86" box="[1228,1435,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Spicaria atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with broadly ellipsoidal to cylindrical conidia, and similar size conidia (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBE99DFE8688E2FE7A" author="Tzean, S. S. &amp; Hsieh, L. S. &amp; Wu, W. J." box="[957,1162,374,400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="309 - 318" refId="ref10071" refString="Tzean, S. S., Hsieh, L. S. &amp; Wu, W. J. (1997) The genus Gibellula on spiders from Taiwan. Mycologia 89: 309 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1997.12026787" type="journal article" year="1997">
Tzean
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEE2CFE87882EFE7A" box="[1036,1094,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
). The BLASTn results of all
<collectionCode id="EFDE1BE9EE53FFEBEA8BFE6A8CB0FE5E" box="[171,216,410,436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">ITS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="EFDE1BE9EE53FFEBEAC3FE6A8D73FE5E" box="[227,283,410,436]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="EFDE1BE9EE53FFEBEB06FE6A8D34FE5E" box="[294,348,410,436]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fye2-vfes" name="Saratov State University" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">SSU</collectionCode>
,
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEB48FE6A8DF3FE5E" box="[360,411,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">tef-a</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEBF9FE6A8E66FE5E" box="[473,526,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">rpb1</emphasis>
obtained 99100% similarity with
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBE9BBFE6B8876FE5E" box="[923,1054,410,436]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Spicaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBE9BBFE6B8876FE5E" box="[923,1054,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">P. atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(strains ARSEF7231, CBS 744.73, BUN509, and BUN535). In addition, the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses also indicated our isolates grouped with
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBEAA8FE138D64FE16" box="[136,268,482,508]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Spicaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEAA8FE138D64FE16" box="[136,268,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">P. atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strains with high statistical support (
<quantity id="4E372EC9EE53FFEBE88EFE128E9FFE16" box="[686,759,482,508]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" unit="in" value="100.0">100 in</quantity>
ML;
<quantity id="4E372EC9EE53FFEBE918FE128F0CFE16" box="[824,868,482,508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
BI;
<figureCitation id="11F49FA9EE53FFEBE9B8FE128F92FE16" box="[920,1018,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1358,1380]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,389,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-115@6.[152,1436,389,1333]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Purpureocillium phylogram was constructed based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb1 sequences. The tree is rooted with Tolypocladium cylindrosporum (YFCC 1805001), and T. inusitaticapitatum (HKAS 112152). The BI and ML bootstrap support values equal to or greater than 0.95 BYPP and 60% are shown at the first and second positions above the nodes, respectively. Type strains are in bold, and newly generated strains are in red." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214768/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). Because
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBEE54FE138890FE16" box="[1140,1272,482,508]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Spicaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEE54FE138890FE16" box="[1140,1272,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">P. atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found associated with spider hosts worldwide (including
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE53FFEBE89DFDF68F6CFDCA" box="[701,772,518,544]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">China</collectingCountry>
), here we report a new collection of
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE53FFEBEEB9FDF78974FDCA" box="[1177,1308,518,544]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Spicaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atypicola">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEEB9FDF78974FDCA" box="[1177,1308,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">P. atypicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBEF0AFDF68D6FFDAE" author="Greenstone, M. H. &amp; Ignoffo, C. M. &amp; Samson, R. A." pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="266 - 268" refId="ref7491" refString="Greenstone, M. H., Ignoffo, C. M. &amp; Samson, R. A. (1987) Susceptibility of spider species to the fungus Nomuraea atypicola. The Journal of Arachnology 15: 266 - 268." type="journal article" year="1987">
Greenstone
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEAA8FDDB8CABFDAE" box="[136,195,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBEB35FDDA8D88FDAE" author="Coyle, F. A. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. &amp; Samson, R. A." box="[277,480,554,580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="89 - 93" refId="ref7046" refString="Coyle, F. A. Goloboff, P. A. &amp; Samson, R. A. (1990) Actinopus trapdoor spiders (Araneae, Actinopodidae) killed by the fungus, Nomuraea atypicola (Deuteromycotina). Acta Zoologica Fennica 190: 89 - 93." type="journal article" year="1990">
Coyle
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBEB41FDDB8DF4FDAE" box="[353,412,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBEBCDFDDB8ED2FDAE" author="Tzean, S. S. &amp; Hsieh, L. S. &amp; Wu, W. J." box="[493,698,554,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="309 - 318" refId="ref10071" refString="Tzean, S. S., Hsieh, L. S. &amp; Wu, W. J. (1997) The genus Gibellula on spiders from Taiwan. Mycologia 89: 309 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1997.12026787" type="journal article" year="1997">
Tzean
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBE81BFDDB8E1EFDAE" box="[571,630,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE53FFEBE8E8FDDA8FD8FDAE" author="Shrestha, B. &amp; Kubatova, A. &amp; Tanaka, E. &amp; Oh, J. &amp; Yoon, D. H. &amp; Sung, J. M. &amp; Sung, G. H." box="[712,944,554,580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="253" pagination="983 - 1003" refId="ref9555" refString="Shrestha, B., Kubatova, A., Tanaka, E., Oh, J., Yoon, D. H., Sung, J. M. &amp; Sung, G. H. (2019) Spider-pathogenic fungi within Hypocreales (Ascomycota): their current nomenclature, diversity, and distribution. Mycological Progress 18: 983 - 1003. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 019 - 01512 - 3" type="journal article" year="2019">
Shrestha
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE53FFEBE912FDDB8F05FDAE" box="[818,877,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
) with detailed morphological characteristics (
<figureCitation id="11F49FA9EE53FFEBEAB0FDBE8C9AFD82" box="[144,242,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Purpureocillium atypicola (HKAS 129045). a P. atypicola colonized on a dead spider; b,c close-up of colonies; df,h,i conidiophores bearing conidiogenous cells and conidia stained by congo red reagent; g mycelium stained by congo red reagent; j conidia stained by congo red reagent; k germinated conidia; l,m colonies on PDA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214772/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="253">Figure 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
<document id="56AD558C05576CC493FE44966E40DA9D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.644.4.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214762" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722597339624" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Yang, Erfu, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Priyashantha, Alviti Kankanamalage Hasith, Promputtha, Itthayakorn, Chen, Xuemei, Elgorban, Abdallah M., Bashir, Nawaz Haider, Tibpromma, Saowaluck &amp; Dossa, Gbadamassi G. O." docDate="2024" docId="0166323AEE5FFFE6EAA8F8928882FB8A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.644.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 644 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.644.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Curvularia geniculata Boedijn" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="250" masterDocId="FD5F4A42EE59FFE1EA20FFF08C68FFEA" masterDocTitle="Microfungi associated with dead caterpillars and spiders in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, P. R. China" masterLastPageNumber="257" masterPageNumber="243" pageNumber="249" updateTime="1724621081528" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0D60CAEF8D24F481A711478DAA92A079">Microfungi associated with dead caterpillars and spiders in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, P. R. China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51AC9BE4113816D9439BEE3A78E215B3">Yang, Erfu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68CA3A6358E75C70CC2A1FE0A4E3454A">Gardening and Horticulture Department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, P. R. China &amp; Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China &amp; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AE70E94FCFDEA73BEF7165061FF87D4E">Karunarathna, Samantha C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F9183BBEA4D10613E0B286A656E335A">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China &amp; National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Kandy 2000, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6BA9E95CCD8156DE2D2938B3B6862281">Priyashantha, Alviti Kankanamalage Hasith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="352AB38007F46E98E1B69D9F8D2B3B31">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2941360861367D9010EB78DC6232B7E5" type="email">priyashanthahasith@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F3B9664B5346F833B3E9E5F5EBD6533A">Promputtha, Itthayakorn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="007C681441EAE3575FD8C9B317E95311">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8236B24BD46D022F21AE923002B804E1" type="email">itthayakorn.p@cmu.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C41354E7B1C025D17BB41FED4880E85D">Chen, Xuemei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0274A123ECA658B93F72D0B18690F54A">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="270BA86448010EF790DA591FFCF5BCA6">Elgorban, Abdallah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D30F828141A34236959C976A09F0F500">Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2D167C5591D815F996A000315A4CA93" type="email">aelgorban@ksu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FB8B36C959E42A2F10CDF8FCD1313FCD">Bashir, Nawaz Haider</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E5F40B616ABCBDBB367A3AB4048FE19" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0206-2435</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="68B2C634CC3360DE4D41CACF98063916">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3A6F35EB367587377E039E28175E5E96">Tibpromma, Saowaluck</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9589B00055B842F7C8BAD928CD6E15D3">Dossa, Gbadamassi G. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF1E54AFE4D7DC90DA3B6BBC52F5B88D">Gardening and Horticulture Department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3084BE50F325C12912C0EE1E9C04FB7D">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D88760ECF62C42EFC8D20D295F6EA0D8">
<mods:date id="F5B250383DE161C199938CCC601A0E84">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4EC101EC7C5CDF75E648C350072FF75D">644</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1D1128A5CB27F128570143819506FA02">243</mods:start>
<mods:end id="AE7DC56AA165D4F1F03208E9E2A4C7EC">257</mods:end>
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<treatment id="0166323AEE5FFFE6EAA8F8928882FB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0166323AEE5FFFE6EAA8F8928882FB8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0166323AEE5FFFE6EAA8F8928882FB8A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE5FFFE7EAA8F8928D8AF84A" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5FFFE7EAA8F89288A6F897" blockId="6.[136,1230,1890,1917]" box="[136,1230,1890,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">
<heading id="D2383440EE5FFFE7EAA8F89288A6F897" box="[136,1230,1890,1917]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5FFFE7EAA8F8928ECCF897" authority="(Tracy &amp; Earle) Boedijn" authorityName="Boedijn" baseAuthorityName="Tracy &amp; Earle" box="[136,676,1890,1917]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7EAA8F8928DE0F897" bold="true" box="[136,392,1890,1917]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Curvularia geniculata</emphasis>
(Tracy &amp; Earle) Boedijn
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, Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz, 3
<bibCitation id="5CE58B40EE5FFFE7E9F5F89388A6F897" box="[981,1230,1891,1917]" issue="1" journal="Ser." page="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" score="0.03934249235918738" volume="13" year="1933">Sér. 13(1): 129 (1933)</bibCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5FFFE7EAA8F87A8D8AF84A" blockId="6.[136,482,1930,1952]" box="[136,482,1930,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Index Fungorum number: IF265873</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE5FFFE6EAA8F8388C9DFD3E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" type="description">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5FFFE6EAA8F8388FEBFE86" blockId="6.[136,1452,1992,2091]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,158,1121]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7EAA8F8388D4FF808" bold="true" box="[136,295,1992,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Descriptions:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7EB0FF8388DFBF808" box="[303,403,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Saprobic</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7EB9CF8388EE3F808" box="[444,651,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">entomopathogenic</emphasis>
on dead caterpillars, presenting white-brown mycelia surrounding the host.
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5FFFE7EAE4F81C8D5AF7EC" authorityName="Corda" authorityYear="1842" box="[196,306,2028,2054]" genus="Mycelium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7EAE4F81C8D5AF7EC" box="[196,306,2028,2054]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Mycelium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
26 μm wide (x̄ = 4.5 μm, n = 20), hyaline to dark brown, septate, branched, tubular, thick-walled. The asexual morph produced in the PDA within a month.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7E8FFF7E08FE7F7C0" bold="true" box="[735,911,2064,2090]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Sexual morph:</emphasis>
undetermined.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7EE1FF7E08897F7C0" bold="true" box="[1087,1279,2064,2090]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Asexual morph:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5FFFE7EF26F7E089C3F7C0" box="[1286,1451,2064,2090]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Conidiophores</emphasis>
developed from hyphae, cylindrical straight to flexuous, thick-walled, sometimes swollen at the base, unbranched, olivaceous brown to dark brown, lighter towards apex.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E8D3FF328F8DFF36" box="[755,997,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Conidiogenous nodes</emphasis>
terminal or intercalary, dark brown, 13 μm (x̄ = 2 μm, n = 10).
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EBB9FF168D9BFEEA" box="[409,499,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Conidia</emphasis>
2027 × 710 μm (x̄ = 23 × 8.5 μm, n = 20), finely verruculose, straight or curved, ellipsoidal to ovoid, finely verruculose, hyaline to olivaceous to brown, middle cells disproportionately enlarged, apical and basal cells usually paler, 4-distoseptate when fully mature.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E9BFFEDE8F8DFEA2" box="[927,997,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Hilum</emphasis>
protuberant, slightly thickened, 13 μm wide.
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EAECFEA38D74FE87" box="[204,284,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Stroma</emphasis>
dark black, branched
<quantity id="4E372EC9EE5EFFE6E834FEA28EF3FE87" box="[532,667,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50100 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="4E372EC9EE5EFFE6E8C2FEA28F57FE87" box="[738,831,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EA9DFE868EA3FE16" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EA9DFE868DB2FE7A" bold="true" box="[189,474,374,400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Culture characteristics:</emphasis>
The fungal strain sporulated within one month in PDA at 2025 ℃. Colonies on PDA fast-growing, reaching around
<quantity id="4E372EC9EE5EFFE6EBC8FE6A8E58FE5F" box="[488,560,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
in one week at room temperature (2025 ℃). Colonies circular, low convex, lowly dense, brown, edge entire, formed oblong, raised, dark-brown stroma at the peripheries, dark-brown from the reverse. Without pigments produced in PDA media.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EA9DFDF68E8FFD82" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EA9DFDF68DC5FDCA" bold="true" box="[189,429,518,544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Known substratum:</emphasis>
Eye infections of human patients (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E90EFDF68858FDCA" author="Nityananda, K. &amp; Sivasubramaniam, P. &amp; Ajello, L." box="[814,1072,518,544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="456 - 458" refId="ref9038" refString="Nityananda, K., Sivasubramaniam, P. &amp; Ajello, L. (1964) A case of mycotic keratitis caused by Curvularia geniculata. Archives of Ophthalmology 71: 456 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1001 / archopht. 1964.00970010472003" type="journal article" year="1964">
Nityananda
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E997FDF78F87FDCA" box="[951,1007,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
1964
</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EE64FDF78D79FDAE" authority="(Huang et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Huang" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Microstegium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vimineum">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EE64FDF78939FDCA" box="[1092,1361,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Microstegium vimineum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EF7FFDF68D62FDAE" author="Huang, Q. &amp; Zhang, L. G. &amp; Wu, Y. &amp; Reardon, R. C. &amp; Qiang, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="387 - 387" refId="ref7663" refString="Huang, Q., Zhang, L. G., Wu, Y., Reardon, R. C. &amp; Qiang, S. (2017) The first report of leaf spot disease on Microstegium vimineum caused by Curvularia geniculata in China. Plant Disease 101: 387 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 07 - 16 - 1074 - PDN" type="journal article" year="2017">
Huang
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EAA8FDDB8CABFDAE" box="[136,195,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EB00FDDA8F97FDAE" authority="(Priyadharsini &amp; Muthukumar 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Priyadharsini &amp; Muthukumar" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[288,1023,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parthenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hysterophorus">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB00FDDA8E25FDAE" box="[288,589,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Parthenium hysterophorus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E87EFDDA8F90FDAE" author="Priyadharsini, P. &amp; Muthukumar, T." box="[606,1016,554,580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="69 - 77" refId="ref9128" refString="Priyadharsini, P. &amp; Muthukumar, T. (2017) The root endophytic fungus Curvularia geniculata from Parthenium hysterophorus roots improves plant growth through phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production. Fungal Ecology 27: 69 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funeco. 2017.02.007" type="journal article" year="2017">Priyadharsini &amp; Muthukumar 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; dead caterpillars (this study); Maize (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EAB0FDBE8D01FD82" author="Manzar, N. &amp; Kashyap, A. S. &amp; Sharma, P. K. &amp; Saxena, A. K." box="[144,361,590,616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" refId="ref8564" refString="Manzar, N., Kashyap, A. S., Sharma, P. K. &amp; Saxena, A. K. (2021) First report of leaf spot of maize caused by Curvularia geniculata in India. Plant Disease 105: 4155. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 03 - 21 - 0637 - PDN" type="journal volume" year="2021">
Manzar
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EACEFDBF8D4EFD82" box="[238,294,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EB5DFDBE8E8BFD82" authority="(Xie et al. 2023)" baseAuthorityName="Xie" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[381,739,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bletilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB5DFDBE8E77FD82" box="[381,543,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Bletilla striata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E80EFDBE8EB3FD82" author="Xie, Y. &amp; Ying, J. &amp; Fang, L. &amp; Wu, J. &amp; Mao, X. &amp; Wang, L. &amp; Wang, H." box="[558,731,590,616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" refId="ref10468" refString="Xie, Y., Ying, J., Fang, L., Wu, J., Mao, X., Wang, L. &amp; Wang, H. (2023) First report of Curvularia geniculata causing leave spot disease of Bletilla striata in Zhejiang of China. Plant Disease 107: 2527. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 03 - 23 - 0407 - PDN" type="journal volume" year="2023">
Xie
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E87FFDBF8EF0FD82" box="[607,664,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EA9DFD828C9DFD3E" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EA9DFD828DDCFD66" bold="true" box="[189,436,626,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Known distribution:</emphasis>
Colombo,
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE5EFFE6E813FD828EC9FD66" box="[563,673,626,652]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E891FD828FD1FD66" author="Nityananda, K. &amp; Sivasubramaniam, P. &amp; Ajello, L." box="[689,953,626,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="456 - 458" refId="ref9038" refString="Nityananda, K., Sivasubramaniam, P. &amp; Ajello, L. (1964) A case of mycotic keratitis caused by Curvularia geniculata. Archives of Ophthalmology 71: 456 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1001 / archopht. 1964.00970010472003" type="journal article" year="1964">
Nityananda
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E91CFD838F1DFD66" box="[828,885,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
1964
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingRegion id="4B0B4DCEEE5EFFE6E9EEFD828870FD66" box="[974,1048,626,652]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Hunan</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingRegion id="4B0B4DCEEE5EFFE6EE00FD82881FFD66" box="[1056,1143,626,652]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingRegion id="4B0B4DCEEE5EFFE6EE5FFD82888CFD66" box="[1151,1252,626,652]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE5EFFE6EED0FD82895BFD66" box="[1264,1331,626,652]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EF63FD828C8FFD5A" author="Huang, Q. &amp; Zhang, L. G. &amp; Wu, Y. &amp; Reardon, R. C. &amp; Qiang, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="387 - 387" refId="ref7663" refString="Huang, Q., Zhang, L. G., Wu, Y., Reardon, R. C. &amp; Qiang, S. (2017) The first report of leaf spot disease on Microstegium vimineum caused by Curvularia geniculata in China. Plant Disease 101: 387 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 07 - 16 - 1074 - PDN" type="journal article" year="2017">
Huang
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EFB7FD838CCDFD5A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EAD3FD668DF6FD5A" author="Xie, Y. &amp; Ying, J. &amp; Fang, L. &amp; Wu, J. &amp; Mao, X. &amp; Wang, L. &amp; Wang, H." box="[243,414,662,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" refId="ref10468" refString="Xie, Y., Ying, J., Fang, L., Wu, J., Mao, X., Wang, L. &amp; Wang, H. (2023) First report of Curvularia geniculata causing leave spot disease of Bletilla striata in Zhejiang of China. Plant Disease 107: 2527. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 03 - 23 - 0407 - PDN" type="journal volume" year="2023">
Xie
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB03FD678D34FD5A" box="[291,348,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
, this study);
<collectingRegion id="4B0B4DCEEE5EFFE6E80EFD668ECDFD5A" box="[558,677,662,688]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Tamilnadu</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingRegion id="4B0B4DCEEE5EFFE6E88DFD668F22FD5A" box="[685,842,662,688]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE5EFFE6E975FD668FE7FD5A" box="[853,911,662,688]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E9BEFD668947FD5A" author="Priyadharsini, P. &amp; Muthukumar, T." box="[926,1327,662,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="69 - 77" refId="ref9128" refString="Priyadharsini, P. &amp; Muthukumar, T. (2017) The root endophytic fungus Curvularia geniculata from Parthenium hysterophorus roots improves plant growth through phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production. Fungal Ecology 27: 69 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funeco. 2017.02.007" type="journal article" year="2017">Priyadharsini &amp; Muthukumar 2017</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EF1AFD678C80FD3E" author="Manzar, N. &amp; Kashyap, A. S. &amp; Sharma, P. K. &amp; Saxena, A. K." pageId="7" pageNumber="250" refId="ref8564" refString="Manzar, N., Kashyap, A. S., Sharma, P. K. &amp; Saxena, A. K. (2021) First report of leaf spot of maize caused by Curvularia geniculata in India. Plant Disease 105: 4155. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 03 - 21 - 0637 - PDN" type="journal volume" year="2021">
Manzar
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EFB7FD678CCDFD3E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D5D0A7EE5EFFE6EA9DFD2E8882FB8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EA9DFD2E8821FCF7" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EA9DFD2E8DC2FD12" bold="true" box="[189,426,734,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="39A78971EE5EFFE6EB93FD2E882DFCF7" collectingDate="2022-07-20" collectionCode="HKAS" collectorName="Dossa G. G. O." country="China" location="Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden" municipality="Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" specimenCode="HKAS 129046" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE5EFFE6EB93FD2E8D91FD12" box="[435,505,734,760]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4B0B4DCEEE5EFFE6E824FD2F8EA0FD12" box="[516,712,734,761]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="69141956EE5EFFE6E8F5FD2E88D2FD12" box="[725,1210,734,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</collectingMunicipality>
, on dead caterpillars,
<date id="FD71A5ECEE5EFFE6EAA8FCF28D74FCF6" box="[136,284,770,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" value="2022-07-20">
<collectingDate id="ED355C04EE5EFFE6EAA8FCF28D74FCF6" box="[136,284,770,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" value="2022-07-20">20 July 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="243AE6FAEE5EFFE6EB07FCF38DAEFCF6" box="[295,454,770,797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Dossa G.G.O.</collectorName>
, XG9 (
<specimenCode id="D9692B57EE5EFFE6E837FCF28EACFCF6" box="[535,708,770,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">HKAS 129046</specimenCode>
), living culture KUNCC23-13357
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8970832CEE5EFFE6EA9DFCD68882FB8A" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EA9DFCD68D61FCAA" bold="true" box="[189,265,806,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Notes:</emphasis>
Based on the BLASTn searches of
<collectionCode id="EFDE1BE9EE5EFFE6E8BEFCD68EBEFCAA" box="[670,726,806,832]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="EFDE1BE9EE5EFFE6E8C2FCD68F67FCAA" box="[738,783,806,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">ITS</collectionCode>
,
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E93AFCD68F0FFCAA" box="[794,871,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">gapdh,</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E9BFFCD68F80FCAA" box="[927,1000,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">tef1-α,</emphasis>
our isolate KUNCC 23-13357 is highly similar (99100%) to
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EBA6FCBA8EEAFC8E" box="[390,642,842,868]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EBA6FCBA8EEAFC8E" box="[390,642,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Curvularia geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strains (CBS 187.50, Tea-N8, NB871), meanwhile, the morphological characteristics also well match to the concept of
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6E88DFC9E8F41FC62" box="[685,809,878,904]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E88DFC9E8F41FC62" box="[685,809,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Curvularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6E941FC9F8F91FC62" box="[865,1017,878,905]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E941FC9F8F91FC62" box="[865,1017,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">C. geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with developing black, brown stroma on PDA, producing straight or curved, multi-celled conidia, with hila at the base, and the third cell from the base often darker and larger than the others (
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E86CFC468F35FC3A" author="Marin-Felix, Y. &amp; Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Crous, P. W." box="[588,861,950,976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="559 - 588" refId="ref8629" refString="Marin-Felix, Y., Hernandez-Restrepo, M. &amp; Crous, P. W. (2020) Multi-locus phylogeny of the genus Curvularia and description of ten new species. Mycological Progress 19: 559 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 020 - 01576 - 6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Marin-Felix
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E8FEFC478F70FC3A" box="[734,792,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, the multi-genes phylogenetic analyses also indicated our KUNCC 23-13357 clusters with
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6E8F4FC2B8F05FC1E" box="[724,877,986,1013]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E8F4FC2B8F05FC1E" box="[724,877,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">C. geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strains (CBS 187.50, Tea-N8=NB871) (
<figureCitation id="11F49FA9EE5EFFE6EF19FC2A89F2FC1E" box="[1337,1434,986,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,688,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-210@5.[151,1436,688,1669]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. The Curvularia phylogram was constructed based on combined LSU, ITS, gapdh, and tef1-α sequences. The tree is rooted with Johnalcornia aberrans (CBS 510.91 and CBS 281.91). The BI and ML bootstrap support values equal to or greater than 0.90 BYPP and 60 % are shown at the first and second positions above the nodes, respectively. Type strains are in bold, and newly generated strains are in red." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Previously,
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EB2BFC0F8DC9FBF2" box="[267,417,1022,1049]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB2BFC0F8DC9FBF2" box="[267,417,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">C. geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was often reported as leaf spots causing agent of plant hosts in
<collectingCountry id="F1D8C3BCEE5EFFE6EE42FC0E88C0FBF2" box="[1122,1192,1022,1048]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">China</collectingCountry>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EF29FC0E89C3FBF2" box="[1289,1451,1022,1048]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Bletilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EF29FC0E89C3FBF2" box="[1289,1451,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Bletilla striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EAB0FBD28D4AFBD6" box="[144,290,1058,1084]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6EB17FBD38E20FBD6" box="[311,584,1059,1084]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Microstegium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vimineum">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EB17FBD38E20FBD6" box="[311,584,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Microstegium vimineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6E8ABFBD38F2FFBD6" box="[651,839,1059,1084]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminate">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E8ABFBD38F2FFBD6" box="[651,839,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Musa acuminate</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6E978FBD28845FBD6" author="Huang, Q. &amp; Zhang, L. G. &amp; Wu, Y. &amp; Reardon, R. C. &amp; Qiang, S." box="[856,1069,1058,1084]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" pagination="387 - 387" refId="ref7663" refString="Huang, Q., Zhang, L. G., Wu, Y., Reardon, R. C. &amp; Qiang, S. (2017) The first report of leaf spot disease on Microstegium vimineum caused by Curvularia geniculata in China. Plant Disease 101: 387 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 07 - 16 - 1074 - PDN" type="journal article" year="2017">
Huang
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E98EFBD38F81FBD6" box="[942,1001,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EE1BFBD288B7FBD6" author="Qi, Y. &amp; Fu, Y. &amp; Peng, J. &amp; Zeng, F. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Xie, Y. &amp; Zhang, X." box="[1083,1247,1058,1084]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" refId="ref9182" refString="Qi, Y., Fu, Y., Peng, J., Zeng, F., Wang, Y., Xie, Y. &amp; Zhang, X. (2022) First report of banana (Musa acuminate cv. Formosana) Leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia geniculata in China. Plant Disease 106: 1758. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 09 - 21 - 2001 - PDN" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Qi
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EE40FBD388F3FBD6" box="[1120,1179,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED5EFEDDEE5EFFE6EECDFBD289C8FBD6" author="Xie, Y. &amp; Ying, J. &amp; Fang, L. &amp; Wu, J. &amp; Mao, X. &amp; Wang, L. &amp; Wang, H." box="[1261,1440,1058,1084]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" refId="ref10468" refString="Xie, Y., Ying, J., Fang, L., Wu, J., Mao, X., Wang, L. &amp; Wang, H. (2023) First report of Curvularia geniculata causing leave spot disease of Bletilla striata in Zhejiang of China. Plant Disease 107: 2527. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 03 - 23 - 0407 - PDN" type="journal volume" year="2023">
Xie
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6EF3FFBD38932FBD6" box="[1311,1370,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, here we report a new host record of
<taxonomicName id="4ECFF8AFEE5EFFE6E842FBB78E91FB8A" box="[610,761,1094,1121]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="BBBB5F3EEE5EFFE6E842FBB78E91FB8A" box="[610,761,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">C. geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
associated with dead caterpillars (
<figureCitation id="11F49FA9EE5EFFE6EE5AFBB688B4FB8A" box="[1146,1244,1094,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,190,1871]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Curvularia geniculata (HKAS 129046). a Mycelia on a dead caterpillar; b,c obverse and reverse in PDA; df stromata on PDA; gj conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells bearing conidia; kn conidia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214770/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>