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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.595.8614" ID-PMC="PMC4926692" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-595-85" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4E60AF13213AFF84FFAB9D0CFF85B156" ID-PubMed="27408569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="579446" ID-ZooBank="72B0FD95D6BB428EA67957F05F7B6670" ModsDocID="1313-2970-595-85" checkinTime="1464920530107" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perissinotto, Renzo, Bird, Matthew S. &amp; Bilton, David T." docDate="2016" docId="ECB850E0EFE0D6783066CD037361BC66" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 595: 85-135" docOrigin="ZooKeys 595" docPubDate="2016-06-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.595.8614" docTitle="Laccophilus simplicistriatus Gschwedntner 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="4E60AF13213AFF84FFAB9D0CFF85B156" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="4E60AF13213AFF84FFAB9D0CFF85B156" masterDocTitle="Predaceous water beetles (Coleoptera, Hydradephaga) of the Lake St Lucia system, South Africa: biodiversity, community ecology and conservation implications" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1668163187324" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Predaceous water beetles (Coleoptera, Hydradephaga) of the Lake St Lucia system, South Africa: biodiversity, community ecology and conservation implications</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Perissinotto, Renzo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>DST / NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, C / o Department of Zoology, P. O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bird, Matthew S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>DST / NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, C / o Department of Zoology, P. O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bilton, David T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science &amp; Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL 4 8 AA, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-06-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>595</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>85</mods:start>
<mods:end>135</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.595.8614</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.595.8614</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-595-85</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">72B0FD95D6BB428EA67957F05F7B6670</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4E60AF13213AFF84FFAB9D0CFF85B156</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">579446</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection pageId="40" pageNumber="125" type="appendix">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB850E0EFE0D6783066CD037361BC66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ECB850E0EFE0D6783066CD037361BC66" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="40" pageNumber="125">
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName LSID="ECB850E0-EFE0-D678-3066-CD037361BC66" authority="Gschwedntner, 1932" authorityName="Gschwedntner" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus simplicistriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicistriatus">Laccophilus simplicistriatus Gschwedntner, 1932</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="125" type="synonyms">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Synonyms.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus monas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Laccophilus monas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Guignot, 1953.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="125" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">
Known from a range of habitats including a reservoir, river pools, river swamps, waterholes and dams (
<bibRefCitation author="Bistroem, O" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="14" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 379" publicationUrl="10.3897/zookeys.542.5975" refId="B13" refString="Bistroem, O, Nilsson, AN, Bergsten, J, 2015. Taxonomic revision of Afrotropical Laccophilus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). ZooKeys 542: 1 - 379, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.542.5975" title="Taxonomic revision of Afrotropical Laccophilus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.542.5975" volume="542" year="2015">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biström">Bistroem</normalizedToken>
et al., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Widespread from Sudan to South Africa and Namibia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="125" type="st lucia records">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">St Lucia records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Not previously recorded from St Lucia. Recorded at Western Shores, Eastern Shores and False Bay in November 2013, July 2014 and January/February 2015, during the course of this study.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980821" doi="10.3897/zookeys.595.8614.figure73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/91031" pageId="40" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 73" startId="F73">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Figure 73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gschwedntner" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Laccophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laccophilus simplicistriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicistriatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="125">Laccophilus simplicistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gschwendtner, 19323.8 mm, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Eastern Shores (site 21), February 2015DT Bilton, MS Bird &amp; R Perissinotto leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="8CF0FE92827A87B809543C0BBB91FB7E">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3F809C7521F3EAC03175DA4006AAD7C0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="C7C6BD6667CB63D47EB4B4A38BCF21CC">
<mods:title id="BD57BC284697882AEB77320AAB5276CF">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="EB991134978744EA25C15FDEFA0A3F4B" pageNumber="411" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="41F698E8D7644C4D4D1E41BF9BA79386" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="1F724482C553AE5EF5C087EB68164085" ID-CoL="7FDVG" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectrum">
<emphasis id="8394539A8839B7CCC990A6843B044F24" italics="true" pageNumber="411">Vampyrum spectrum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A34AD63B4C1171A766C0008C5952E033" pageNumber="411" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F9F96BCF8C2D99F62090A47D731C0CCB" pageNumber="411">
<treatmentCitation id="CA0E759B34E0D9F8F0C55DFB15D2AE3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3913214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3913214" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A060D23D-3AA9-4342-B5DC-96B1664FA8EC" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vespertilio" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D1BEAD228877682A3B5B07A414C24AE" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" page="31" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectrum" title="Vespertilio spectrum" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="90C120C29191F9B4F7AF777607A85E66" ID-CoL="7FQS8" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectrum">
<emphasis id="26865E8E780DB95E41E6176F963ACE4F" italics="true" pageNumber="411">[Vespertilio] spectrum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FE110DF403B803259A8F884CF8039C59" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="FD8B28682D5DD8EE203C4A7F372BD881" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="411" pagination="31" title="Vespertilio spectrum" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 31</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B62ECD04DA91DE8F2F3284B989CEB78B" pageNumber="411" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9FDB41D04A0E87EEC14FFDACA6160C0C" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="89AD91EDDEB76C69474609F4E27F95C1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="411">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6BF6F9BE6D3EC903CF74A85BC55C44C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867283324" country="Suriname" pageNumber="411">
<collectingCountry id="4512B036F38FA0A3C49A4F22BF0BC191" name="Suriname">Surinam</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="485EEC0BE31DF4EA7F8CEA1C4AC88826" pageNumber="411" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C0DC4FA590E00082FBE049D2CD1541BA" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="DE1777B63F968642EBF92BDC13B15F74" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="411">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="3E16B41D9394A1C950779248CAC39CF8" language="eng" pageNumber="411">Spectral Bat</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C34DA95A0EF56F02A588585EBFD585A" pageNumber="411" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="73C5D475003E6FD20836D2656F74B6D3" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="D6E9104E249DFDFD6A0F8548F1708F39" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="411">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FA8C15E015EAD493A2F1EFFC3958EB6C" authority="Lacépède 1789" authorityName="Lacépède" authorityYear="1789" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis id="87D77D24F54B6441396D6A97ED422A41" italics="true" pageNumber="411">Vampyrum guianensis</emphasis>
Lacépède 1789
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5A59E07784D52ED935AF0265278CFAF3" authority="E. Geoffroy 1806" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="3EE32B8E694EDBC3817F65C4CCB276DA" italics="true" pageNumber="411">Vampyrum maximus</emphasis>
E. Geoffroy 1806
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="274649175A9D76212BAC7DB16D48351C" authority="Shaw 1800" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasutus">
<emphasis id="0A55D9C1E3FA0A2C596232C9A6C07760" italics="true" pageNumber="411">Vampyrum nasutus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2CE0C56E169315BDAEDD1482C8D3B0AC" author="Shaw, G." refId="ref324864" refString="Shaw, G. 1800. General zoology or systematic natural history. G. Kearsley, London, 12: 1 - 330." year="1800">Shaw 1800</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="3BC81AD2A8D71FDF0B5B48F7B5F99B18" authority="Goldman 1917" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">
<emphasis id="BF35BC2DFADD934A9A1F444FE0059E3A" italics="true" pageNumber="411">Vampyrum nelsoni</emphasis>
Goldman 1917
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC9F7428E44A2BDC8B707F0F9FAA855B" pageNumber="411" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8AF319EA9FE1B0AB5C05F3E53DB7B33E" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="72CE8E39B23D071CEED6D2EC56B1A5F7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="411">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="D881567224D52F5B8E39E653A70CFAE2" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="CA9EA8686DAC64EDAE203544F25558B8" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
) to
<collectingCountry id="3A2465888BF488520FC14FA5B92ACC89" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="85020637DDCA882BFF2E5D4B1BA36489" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8A3F5E67D148F35C4D239CFFC53D6A30" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, N and SW
<collectingCountry id="DB94F0377C36CC11F64CA1E2BC5D71B3" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and Guianas;
<collectingCountry id="3A60F11817E2145683D0579234D3FD19" name="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
; perhaps
<collectingCountry id="571A876DB9B446C3BD3FBA818369D47F" name="Jamaica">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="774F2825514E234EC68F6C67F8CD206D" pageNumber="411" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="D465E2F68A2B2010B41CAE08662324FD" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="F983C97590AE2C5FDBC8439E22442302" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="411">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="E9789A29F495984CCE856B1A960FFB0B">IUCN</collectionCode>
2003 and
<collectionCode id="9545807E7154AD42A5DC128A8E84D695">IUCN</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="934E13D4C37C443DC37C27FEC547E7EC" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9wqd-8bvt" name="Sacramento State University" type="">SSC</collectionCode>
Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6299E856B85698929672FBAC5DDE7F2" pageNumber="411" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E5B61626219B7A102831F811E98C9DD3" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="F86D6D5787F68EE2574E70A8D703C238" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="411">Discussion:</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="284E6B77B324D1250C31CC213FA18023" author="Navarro, L. D. &amp; D. E. Wilson" refId="ref257073" refString="Navarro, L. D., and D. E. Wilson. 1982. Vampyrum spectrum. Mammalian Species, 184: 1 - 4." year="1982">Navarro and Wilson (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807" ID-GBIF-Dataset="178820d5-d720-47fd-a85e-1ac28fca6c90" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1109-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="534F47F344D858A49331F110D3D21111" ID-ZooBank="9C8BF86D194A46EF9D49072D09BF9E48" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1109-67" checkinTime="1656747431702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Suzuki, Yuya, Hiramatsu, Takehisa &amp; Tatsuta, Haruki" docDate="2022" docId="ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1109: 67-101" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1109" docPubDate="2022-07-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807" docTitle="Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="534F47F344D858A49331F110D3D21111" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="534F47F344D858A49331F110D3D21111" masterDocTitle="Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1656748190795" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Suzuki, Yuya</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6523-9272</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1 - 21 - 24, Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890 - 0065, Japan &amp; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sasaganiya1206@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hiramatsu, Takehisa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Fregrance-Uwado 203, Uwado, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350 - 0816, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tatsuta, Haruki</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-8874</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-07-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1109</mods:number>
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName LSID="ECB883B6-8020-5321-9478-AC0800388169" authority="Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009" authorityName="Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Zoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoma dibaiyin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibaiyin">Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720) A ventral view B posterior-ventral view C prolateral view D conductor and embolic division, retrolateral view E conductor and embolic division, posterior-ventral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in B-E indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708571" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Distribution of theridiosomatid species in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708577" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitats of theridiosomatid species in Ryukyu Islands A streamside in dim forest at Iriomote Island B forest floor of secondary forest at Kume Island C grassland at Kume Island D grassland at Yonaguni Island E crevices on limestone rocky wall at Iriomote Island." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708578" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 12B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Web of Theridiosoma and Zoma spiders at Ryukyu Islands, Japan A-C web of Theridiosoma nigrivirgatum sp. nov. D-E web of Theridiosoma alboannulatum F-H web of Zoma dibaiyin. Abbreviations: RA radial anastomosis SS sticky spirals TL tension line." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708579" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 13F-H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Zoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoma dibaiyin" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibaiyin">Zoma dibaiyin</taxonomicName>
Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009: 27, figs 10A-F, 11A-B, 13A-D (holotype male and paratypes from China; not examined);
<bibRefCitation author="Ono, H" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Kanagawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B15" refString="Ono, H, Ogata, K, 2018. Spiders of Japan: their natural history and diversity. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa" title="Spiders of Japan: their natural history and diversity." year="2018">Ono and Ogata 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 120, 504, 505;
<bibRefCitation author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Kishidaia" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="230 - 236" refId="B27" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, 2021. . Kishidaia 118: 230 - 236" title="." volume="118" year="2021">Suzuki and Serita 2021</bibRefCitation>
a: 231, figs 1-3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-07-04" collectorName="Y. Suzuki" country="Japan" county="Oshima District" elevation="354" latitude="28.209362" location="Katsuura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.33167" municipality="Setouchi Town" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima Prefecture">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Amami Is. (
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima Prefecture</collectingRegion>
)
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(NSMT-Ar. 21720, 21721),
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ôshima">Oshima</normalizedToken>
District
</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Setouchi Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169:1E5278D606399CE1183C086E6DDCE518" country="Japan" county="Oshima District" latitude="28.209362" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.33167" municipality="Setouchi Town" name="Katsuura" stateProvince="Kagoshima Prefecture">Katsuura</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="33.7" value="28.209362">28°12'33.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.0" value="129.33167">129°19'54.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" unit="m" value="354.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" unit="m" value="354.0">354 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingDate value="2021-07-04">4 Jul. 2021</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Y. Suzuki</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-07-04" collectorName="Y. Suzuki" country="Japan" elevation="111" latitude="28.220945" location="Amurogama" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.31648" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amami Is.">
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169:B7E7B14FA04FD74B3960BF9F295C2E4F" country="Japan" latitude="28.220945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.31648" name="Amurogama" stateProvince="Amami Is.">Amurogama</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="15.4" value="28.220945">28°13'15.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.3" value="129.31648">129°18'59.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" unit="m" value="111.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" unit="m" value="111.0">111 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingDate value="2021-07-04">4 Jul. 2021</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Y. Suzuki</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-05-06" collectorName="Y. Suzuki" country="Japan" county="Amami City" elevation="141" latitude="28.263527" location="Nishinakama" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.41917" municipality="Sumiyo Town" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amami Is.">
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty>Amami City</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Sumiyo Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169:8675D922B743C678B590A7C35E9CF299" country="Japan" county="Amami City" latitude="28.263527" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.41917" municipality="Sumiyo Town" name="Nishinakama" stateProvince="Amami Is.">Nishinakama</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169:421466A17CA0AD355044872CD82F79A3" country="Japan" county="Amami City" latitude="28.263527" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.41917" municipality="Sumiyo Town" name="Santarou-toge Pass" stateProvince="Amami Is.">Santarou-toge Pass</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="48.7" value="28.263527">28°15'48.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="09.0" value="129.41917">129°25'09.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" unit="m" value="141.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" unit="m" value="141.0">141 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingDate value="2021-05-06">6 May 2021</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Y. Suzuki</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-04-14" collectorName="Y. Suzuki" country="Japan" county="Kunigami District" elevation="128" latitude="26.680471" location="Nerome" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.13364" municipality="Ogimi Village" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Is. (
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Prefecture</collectingRegion>
)
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty>Kunigami District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ôgimi">Ogimi</normalizedToken>
Village
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169:09929AD5B4841721B811B8093B6094F4" country="Japan" county="Kunigami District" latitude="26.680471" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.13364" municipality="Ogimi Village" name="Nerome" stateProvince="Okinawa">Nerome</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.7" value="26.680471">26°40'49.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="01.1" value="128.13364">128°08'01.1&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">128 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingDate value="2021-04-14">14 Apr. 2021</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Y. Suzuki</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-10" collectorName="Y. Suzuki" country="Japan" county="Shimajiri District" elevation="149" latitude="26.361917" location="Uezu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.7597" municipality="Kumejima Town" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Okinawa Prefecture">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Kume Is. (
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Prefecture</collectingRegion>
)
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty>Shimajiri District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Kumejima Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169:F188BE2C8DE8B1A9482097C5F10525B9" country="Japan" county="Shimajiri District" latitude="26.361917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.7597" municipality="Kumejima Town" name="Uezu" stateProvince="Okinawa Prefecture">Uezu</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB883B6802053219478AC0800388169:736C8895DBC61629AFBE4D942EF5B1CD" country="Japan" county="Shimajiri District" latitude="26.361917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.7597" municipality="Kumejima Town" name="Mt. Daruma-yama" stateProvince="Okinawa Prefecture">Mt. Daruma-yama</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.9" value="26.361917">26°21'42.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.9" value="126.7597">126°45'34.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" unit="m" value="149.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" unit="m" value="149.0">149 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingDate value="2021-09-10">10 Sep. 2021</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Y. Suzuki</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Males of this species can be distinguished from congeners by the embolic apophysis with a curved tip running along the sclerotized surface of the ventral tegulum, and females by a nearly transverse posterior margin of the epigynal plate (more convex in
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. zoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="zoma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. zoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and rounded in
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. taiwanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="taiwanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. taiwanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and lower position of the spermathecae (higher in
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. taiwanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="taiwanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. taiwanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B13" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="197 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Ballarin, F, Yamasaki, T, Su, YC, 2021. A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae). Zootaxa 4927 (2): 197 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" title="A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" volume="4927" year="2021">Ballarin et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Male</emphasis>
(NSMT-Ar 21720). Measurements. Body 1.62 long. Carapace 0.74 long, 0.68 wide, 0.60 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.090, ALE 0.076, PME 0.093, PLE 0.065, AME-AME 0.015, AME-ALE 0.032, PME-PME 0.008, PLE-PLE 0.070. Leg length: leg I 0.80 + 0.23 + 0.57 + 0.47 + 0.28 = 2.35; leg II 0.50 + 0.21 + 0.46 + 0.31 + 0.28 = 1.76; leg III 0.40 + 0.19 + 0.23 + 0.24 + 0.24 = 1.30; leg IV 0.44 + 0.14 + 0.34 + 0.27 + 0.27 = 1.46. Abdomen 0.88 long, 0.95 wide, 1.01 high.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Carapace oval, longer than wide (CaL/CaW 1.34). Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin. Abdomen oval, wider than long (AL/AW 0.93).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Coloration and markings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4A, B</figureCitation>
). Carapace, chelicerae, maxillae, labium, sternum, and legs yellowish brown. Eyes on the dark bases. Cephalic groove stained with dark spots. Legs lacking annulation. Abdomen dark brown encircled dorsolaterally with a whitish silver band.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Palp (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4C-H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720) A ventral view B posterior-ventral view C prolateral view D conductor and embolic division, retrolateral view E conductor and embolic division, posterior-ventral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in B-E indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708571" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">5</figureCitation>
). Paracymbium with sharp tip. Tegulum bulbous. Median apophysis weakly sclerotized, wider than long. Embolic division branched into a few bristle-like apophyses, embolus short and tubular, and a long and filiform embolic apophysis emerging beneath from a translucent conductor. Tip of embolic apophysis curved and running along sclerotized surface of the tegulum beneath the conductor. Conductor having two projections: posterior conductor projection strongly sclerotized and triangular with a blunt tip; retrolateral conductor projection strongly sclerotized and weakly curved anteriorly with a triangular posterior tip. Posterior margin of conductor with a sharp tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Female</emphasis>
(NSMT-Ar 21721). Measurements. Body 2.04 long. Carapace 0.82 long, 0.76 wide, 0.67 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.089, ALE 0.082, PME 084, PLE 0.076, AME-AME 0.023, AME-ALE 0.034, PME-PME 0.009, PLE-PLE 0.076. Leg length: leg I 0.66 + 0.32 + 0.42 + 0.33 + 0.22 = 1.95; leg II 0.64 + 0.30 + 0.41 + 0.33 + 0.21 = 1.89; leg III 0.36 + 0.18 + 0.20 + 0.25 + 0.18 = 1.17; leg IV 0.53 + 0.21 + 0.34 + 0.27 + 0.22 = 1.57. Abdomen 1.21 long, 1.32 wide, 1.16 high.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Carapace, mouthparts, and abdomen as in male (CaL/CaW 1.08; AL/AW 0.92).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Coloration and markings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4I</figureCitation>
) similar to male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Genitalia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4J, K</figureCitation>
). Epigynal plate flat and wider than long with a sclerotized posterior margin and a median pit. Spermathecae touching each other, copulatory ducts wide at their openings, and the course of the ducts simple. See
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B13" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
for further details.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
A strongly sclerotized triangular projection with a rounded tip (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720) A ventral view B posterior-ventral view C prolateral view D conductor and embolic division, retrolateral view E conductor and embolic division, posterior-ventral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in B-E indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708571" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">5B</figureCitation>
) and a cornered margin of the posterior membrane of the conductor (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720) A ventral view B posterior-ventral view C prolateral view D conductor and embolic division, retrolateral view E conductor and embolic division, posterior-ventral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in B-E indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708571" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">5B</figureCitation>
, arrowed) were visible in the ventro-posterior view of the male palp. The triangular projection does not seem to be homologous to conductor projection in
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as the former protrudes from the posterior margin of the conductor, while the latter was positioned on the surface of the conductor. Herein, we define it as posterior conductor projection (PCP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
The embolus on the male palp was not determined in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. dibaiyin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. fascia" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. fascia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B13" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. taiwanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="taiwanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. taiwanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the embolus is described as a 'short and tubular
<normalizedToken originalValue="structure’">structure'</normalizedToken>
but lacks explanations in illustrations (
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, JX" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="265 - 266" refId="B34" refString="Zhang, JX, Zhu, MS, Tso, IM, 2006. First record of the family Theridiosomatidae from Taiwan, with description of a new species (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin - British Arachnological Society 13: 265 - 266" title="First record of the family Theridiosomatidae from Taiwan, with description of a new species (Arachnida: Araneae)." volume="13" year="2006">Zhang et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="197 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Ballarin, F, Yamasaki, T, Su, YC, 2021. A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae). Zootaxa 4927 (2): 197 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" title="A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" volume="4927" year="2021">Ballarin et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
determined the embolus as a strongly sclerotized, thin, stick-like apophysis located on the retrolateral side of the embolic division (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="197 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Ballarin, F, Yamasaki, T, Su, YC, 2021. A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae). Zootaxa 4927 (2): 197 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" title="A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" volume="4927" year="2021">Ballarin et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Considering the shape of
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
's embolus, which is short, tubular, and hidden under conductor (see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 131), we suppose the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘embolus’">'embolus'</normalizedToken>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Zoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Zoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species determined in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="197 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Ballarin, F, Yamasaki, T, Su, YC, 2021. A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae). Zootaxa 4927 (2): 197 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" title="A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" volume="4927" year="2021">Ballarin et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
is not an embolus. The true embolus of
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. dibaiyin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dibaiyin">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. dibaiyin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found beneath basal part of embolic apophyses (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720) A ventral view B posterior-ventral view C prolateral view D conductor and embolic division, retrolateral view E conductor and embolic division, posterior-ventral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in B-E indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708571" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">5D</figureCitation>
). Hereafter we defined the sclerotized stick-like structure as a retrolateral conductor projection (RCP), and distinguishable from an embolus. The shape of RCP is useful as a taxonomic character for differentiating species within the genus
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Zoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: S-shaped with pointed tip in
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. fascia" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="fascia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. fascia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, claviform with rounded tip in
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. taiwanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="taiwanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. taiwanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
: figs 28, 30;
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, JX" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="265 - 266" refId="B34" refString="Zhang, JX, Zhu, MS, Tso, IM, 2006. First record of the family Theridiosomatidae from Taiwan, with description of a new species (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin - British Arachnological Society 13: 265 - 266" title="First record of the family Theridiosomatidae from Taiwan, with description of a new species (Arachnida: Araneae)." volume="13" year="2006">Zhang et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
: figs 4-6;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="197 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Ballarin, F, Yamasaki, T, Su, YC, 2021. A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae). Zootaxa 4927 (2): 197 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" title="A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" volume="4927" year="2021">Ballarin et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5B, C), and weakly curved anteriorly with a triangular posterior tip in
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. dibaiyin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="dibaiyin">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Z. dibaiyin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720 A-H) and female habitus and genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21721 I-K) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C palp, retrolateral view D palp, ventral view E palp, posterior-ventral view F palp, prolateral view G embolic division, prolateral view H embolic division, posterior-ventral view I habitus, dorsal view J epigyne, ventral view K vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis FD fertilization ducts MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection S spermatheca ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in E, F, H indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Arrow in J indicates a sclerotized median pit. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, I); 0.1 mm (C-H, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708570" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Zoma dibaiyin Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009, male genitalia (NSMT-Ar 21720) A ventral view B posterior-ventral view C prolateral view D conductor and embolic division, retrolateral view E conductor and embolic division, posterior-ventral view. Abbreviations: C conductor CD copulatory ducts E embolus EA embolic apophysis MA median apophysis PC paracymbium PCP posterior conductor projection RCP retrolateral conductor projection ST subtegulum T tegulum. Arrows in B-E indicate a cornered margin of posterior membrane of conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708571" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
China (Yunnan), Japan (Honshu to the Ryukyu Islands; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Distribution of theridiosomatid species in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708577" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
This species inhabits the forest floor and streamside in dim and wet forests (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitats of theridiosomatid species in Ryukyu Islands A streamside in dim forest at Iriomote Island B forest floor of secondary forest at Kume Island C grassland at Kume Island D grassland at Yonaguni Island E crevices on limestone rocky wall at Iriomote Island." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708578" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="web morphology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Web morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
This species weaves a concave orb web with radial anastomosis above the ground (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Web of Theridiosoma and Zoma spiders at Ryukyu Islands, Japan A-C web of Theridiosoma nigrivirgatum sp. nov. D-E web of Theridiosoma alboannulatum F-H web of Zoma dibaiyin. Abbreviations: RA radial anastomosis SS sticky spirals TL tension line." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.83807.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708579" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">13F-H</figureCitation>
). The orb web is almost horizontal. A tension line stretched from the center of the web and attached to substrates such as rocks and dead leaves. The mesh of sticky spirals tends to be fine (occasionally, the number of sticky lines is&gt; 30). For details of the web morphology, see
<bibRefCitation author="Hiramatsu, T" journalOrPublisher="The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B11" refString="Hiramatsu, T, 2021. Kishidaia 118: 14-23. [Note on the natural history of Zoma dibaiyin (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)] [In Japanese]" title="Kishidaia 118: 14 - 23. [Note on the natural history of Zoma dibaiyin (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)] [In Japanese]" year="2021">Hiramatsu (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="egg sac">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Egg sac.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
light brown with a distinct circular suture at the upper end. The sac was suspended from a long horizontal line with a short stalk (see
<bibRefCitation author="Hiramatsu, T" journalOrPublisher="The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B11" refString="Hiramatsu, T, 2021. Kishidaia 118: 14-23. [Note on the natural history of Zoma dibaiyin (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)] [In Japanese]" title="Kishidaia 118: 14 - 23. [Note on the natural history of Zoma dibaiyin (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae)] [In Japanese]" year="2021">Hiramatsu 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

259
data/EC/B8/AF/ECB8AF690F200E873E84A542C16CEE85.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.38.7288" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224215" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-38-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFBA8F69F571FFFCFF9FFFDDFFC86060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574845" ID-ZooBank="F1A1EDD179BE4D4AA1CC86CAB70EE912" ModsDocID="1314-2607-38-59" checkinTime="1451252299699" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hazir, Canan, Keskin, Nevin &amp; Scheuchl, Erwin" docDate="2014" docId="ECB8AF690F200E873E84A542C16CEE85" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 38: 59-133" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 38" docPubDate="2014-06-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.38.7288" docTitle="Andrena scita Eversmann 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="FFBA8F69F571FFFCFF9FFFDDFFC86060" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FFBA8F69F571FFFCFF9FFFDDFFC86060" masterDocTitle="Faunistic, geographical and biological contributions to the bee genus Andrena (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Andreninae) from Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="59" pageId="49" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1643526812976" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Faunistic, geographical and biological contributions to the bee genus Andrena (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Andreninae) from Turkey</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hazir, Canan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Adnan Menderes University, Health Services Vocational College, 09100 Aydin, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">canancob@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Keskin, Nevin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06800 Beytepe Ankara, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Scheuchl, Erwin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Kastanienweg 19 D- 84030, Ergolding, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-06-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>38</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>59</mods:start>
<mods:end>133</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.38.7288</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.38.7288</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-38-59</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F1A1EDD179BE4D4AA1CC86CAB70EE912</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFBA8F69F571FFFCFF9FFFDDFFC86060</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574845</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224215" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB8AF690F200E873E84A542C16CEE85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ECB8AF690F200E873E84A542C16CEE85" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="49" pageNumber="108">
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Andrena_scita" authority="Eversmann, 1852" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" class="Hexapoda" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena scita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scita">Andrena scita Eversmann, 1852</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="108" type="distribution in turkey">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="108">Distribution in Turkey.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="108">
Aksaray, Ankara,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çanakkale">Canakkale</normalizedToken>
, Bilecik, Denizli (Pamukkale), Kayseri (Erciyes), Konya (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beyşehir">Beysehir</normalizedToken>
), Toros
<normalizedToken originalValue="dağları">daglari</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Warncke, K" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="71" pageNumber="130" pagination="244 - 273" refId="B30" refString="Warncke, K, 1966. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bienengattung Andrena F. in der Tuerkei (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 55: 244 - 273" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bienengattung Andrena F. in der Tuerkei (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)." volume="55" year="1966">Warncke 1966</bibRefCitation>
); Erzurum (Oltu, Tortum,
<normalizedToken originalValue="İspir">Ispir</normalizedToken>
, Horasan,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hınıs">Hinis</normalizedToken>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Oezbek, H" journalOrPublisher="Bitki Koruma Buelteni" pageId="70" pageNumber="129" pagination="123 - 145" refId="B19" refString="Oezbek, H, 1976. Dogu anadolu boelgesi Andrenidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) familyasi arilari kisim I. Bitki Koruma Buelteni 16 (3): 123 - 145" title="Dogu anadolu boelgesi Andrenidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) familyasi arilari kisim I." volume="16" year="1976">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Özbek">Oezbek</normalizedToken>
1976
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="108" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="108">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="108">
Aksaray: Tuz
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gölü">Goelue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="çevresi">cevresi</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="38.74889">38°44'56&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 33°39'85&quot;E, 928 m, 5.VI.2005, 1 ♀, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
, S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hazır">Hazir</normalizedToken>
; Ankara: Hacettepe
<normalizedToken originalValue="Üniversitesi">Ueniversitesi</normalizedToken>
Beytepe
<normalizedToken originalValue="kampüsü">kampuesue</normalizedToken>
, 3.VI.2005, 1 ♂, leg. E. Scheuchl,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beypazarı">Beypazari</normalizedToken>
, Boztepe
<normalizedToken originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
, 9.VI.2005, 1 ♀,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beypazarı">Beypazari</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kargı">Kargi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
, 9.VI.2005, 1 ♀, leg. E. Aytekin,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kurtboğazı-Pazar">Kurtbogazi-Pazar</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="40.326664">40°19'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="32.703335">32°42'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 903 m, 17.VI.2006, 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
, E. Scheuchl; Antalya:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Korkuteli-Elmalı">Korkuteli-Elmali</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="36.944168">36°56'39&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="30.13889">30°08'20&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1335 m, 7.VI.2006, 1 ♂, leg. E. Scheuchl, Korkuteli-Tefenni
<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="37.137222">37°08'14&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="30.064165">30°03'51&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1353 m, 8.VI.2006, 1 ♂, leg. E. Scheuchl;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aydın">Aydin</normalizedToken>
: Aytepe, Adnan Menderes
<normalizedToken originalValue="Üniversitesi">Ueniversitesi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="kampüsü">kampuesue</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="37.8575">37°51'27&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="27.85389">27°51'14&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 176 m, 21.VI.2006, 1 ♀, leg. A.B. Yasan, 19.IV.2007, 2 ♀♀, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
, S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hazır">Hazir</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ovacık">Ovacik</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="38.050556">38°03'02&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="09" value="28.135834">28°08'09&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1089 m, 24.VI.2008, 2 ♀♀,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uzunlar-Ovacık">Uzunlar-Ovacik</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="37.9675">37°58'03&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="28.187222">28°11'14&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 912 m, 24.VI.2008, 1 ♀, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
, S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hazır">Hazir</normalizedToken>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balıkesir">Balikesir</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Altınoluk">Altinoluk</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Küçükkuyu">Kuecuekkuyu</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çetmi">Cetmi</normalizedToken>
yolu, 39°34'99&quot;N,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="26.608055">26°36'29&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 231 m, 30.V.2009, 2 ♂♂, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
, C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Demirtaş">Demirtas</normalizedToken>
; Burdur:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gölhisar-Altınyayla">Goelhisar-Altinyayla</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="37.092777">37°05'34&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="29.530832">29°31'51&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 977 m, 6.VI.2006, 1 ♂,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Söğüt-Çavdır">Soeguet-Cavdir</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="37.109997">37°06'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="29.733334">29°44'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1116 m, 6.VI.2006, 2 ♀♀, Tefenni,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="37.344444">37°20'40&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="29.806665">29°48'24&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1132 m, 8.VI.2006, 1 ♂, leg. C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çobanoğlu">Cobanoglu</normalizedToken>
, E. Scheuchl;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çanakkale">Canakkale</normalizedToken>
: Gelibolu
<normalizedToken originalValue="yarımadası">yarimadasi</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çanakkale">Canakkale</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="şehitlik">sehitlik</normalizedToken>
abidesi yolu,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="40.130276">40°07'49&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 26°17'75&quot;E, 56 m, 31.V.2009, 1 ♀, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
, C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Demirtaş">Demirtas</normalizedToken>
; Denizli:
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="37.946114">37°56'46&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 29°06'97&quot;E, 365 m, 28.V.2005, 1 ♀, leg. S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hazır">Hazir</normalizedToken>
; Karaman:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Başyayla">Basyayla</normalizedToken>
, 36°41'78&quot;N,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="32.771667">32°46'18&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1850 m, 24.V.2005, 1 ♀, leg. S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hazır">Hazir</normalizedToken>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabük">Karabuek</normalizedToken>
: Yenice, 11.VII.2004, 1 ♀, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
, A.B. Yasan;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kırşehir">Kirsehir</normalizedToken>
: Mucur,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="39.066944">39°04'01&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="34.386112">34°23'10&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1015 m, 4.VI.2005, 1 ♂, leg. E. Scheuchl;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kütahya">Kuetahya</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dereköy">Derekoey</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="39.195557">39°11'44&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="29.295834">29°17'45&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 868 m, 4.VI.2007, 1 ♂, leg. E. Scheuchl, Emet,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="39.335">39°20'06&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="29.303333">29°18'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1044 m, 5.VI.2007, 1 ♀, leg. E. Scheuchl; Mersin: Mut-Sertavul
<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
, 36°47'94&quot;N,
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="33.333332">33°20'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1165 m, 23.V.2007, 3 ♂♂, leg. B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülcü">Guelcue</normalizedToken>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nevşehir">Nevsehir</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gülhisar">Guelhisar</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="38.728333">38°43'42&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="34.683334">34°41'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1011 m, 4.VI.2005, 1 ♂, leg. E. Scheuchl;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>