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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0241082-1202-4a31-a36c-6a755a1d9ad3" ID-PMC="PMC4141165" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-434-37" ID-PubMed="25152679" ID-ZBK="0A3E6FDDE27D49DF92FD04D0987C9CC0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-434-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 434" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand" checkinTime="1451245500961" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Taylor, Christopher K. &amp; Probert, Anna" docDate="2014" docId="EC144510FABBA117254478B73CBFE0CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 434: 37-45" docOrigin="ZooKeys 434" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486" docTitle="Forsteropsalis bona Taylor &amp; Probert, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="32F7E0A3-1CE0-41EF-B7AA-48DDAE2A529A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="565CFFE70267FFD7FF8FFF85193EAC34" masterDocTitle="Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668159148989" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Taylor, Christopher K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Probert, Anna</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>434</mods:number>
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054963" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:32F7E0A3-1CE0-41EF-B7AA-48DDAE2A529A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC144510FABBA117254478B73CBFE0CF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Taxon classification Animalia Opiliones Neopilionidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/32F7E0A3-1CE0-41EF-B7AA-48DDAE2A529A" class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="39">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 1
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="holotype male">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Holotype male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">WO. Lucky Strike Cave, Te Kuiti, on wall near entrance, 14 Feb 1959, K. A. J. Wise (MONZ).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
WO. 2 males, Waitomo Valley, in stream crevice outside cave entrance (shady), specimens intertwined and sluggish, 30 Mar 1959, L. G. Watson (MONZ); 1 male, Weir Cave, Stubbs Farm, Waitomo, ca. 2 m from cave entrance within a 15 cm radius of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Arachnocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnocampa luminosa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luminosa">Arachnocampa luminosa</taxonomicName>
larvae, 23 Aug 2010, A. Probert (NZAC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
From the Latin bonus, good, in contrast to the related
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="male (n=4)">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Male (n=4).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Total body length 4.8-6.6; prosoma length 2.5-2.8, width 4.0-4.2. Prosoma (including ocularium) unarmed (Fig. 1A); ground colour in alcohol orange-brown with longitudinal yellow stripes on either side of ocularium (live coloration very dark brown [almost black] with orange-yellow stripes; appendages also black). Ozopores elongate, with small flanking lobes. Opisthosoma grey-yellow. Mouthparts cream-coloured; medial side of pedipalpal coxa with dense array of sharp denticles; cervix unarmed. Coxae yellow. Chelicerae (Fig. 1B): Segment I length 6.2-8.4; segment II 9.4-10.4. Elongate; segment I orange with lighter yellow patch at distal end, segment II dark orange-brown. Segment I denticulate, with denticles concentrated along dorsal, proventral and retroventral margins. Segment II massively inflated, evenly denticulate. Cheliceral fingers elongate, widely bowed apart; setae present on distal half of mobile finger. Pedipalps: Femur length 5.4-5.7; patella 2.2-2.4; tibia 2.8-3.1; tarsus 5.8-6.5. Distinctly elongate, yellow. Femur dorsally denticulate on proximal two-thirds; remainder of pedipalp unarmed. Setae sparse except for small concentration at prodistal end of patella; microtrichia present on tarsus and distal half of tibia; prodorsal end of patella with distinct protrusion but without definite finger-like apophysis (Fig. 1C). Tarsal claw without ventral tooth-row. Legs: Legs I femur length 8.6-9.9, patella 1.9-2.5, tibia 8.3-9.8; leg II femur 14.3-17.2, patella 2.2-2.8, tibia 14.4-17.8; leg III femur 7.5-8.7, patella 1.7-2.3, tibia 5.3-8.2; leg IV femur 8.5-10.7, patella 1.8-2.7, tibia 10.2-10.8. Femora sparsely denticulate, particularly in proximal half; remainder of legs unarmed. Distitarsus I with strong ventral tooth at distal end of each of first five or six pseudosegments (Fig. 1D). Tibia II with nine to fifteen pseudosegments; tibia IV with two pseudosegments. Penis (Fig. 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
): Shaft subquadrate; tendon long. Bristle groups relatively long, posterior bristle group with longest bristles reaching dorsal margin in lateral view. Glans short, subtriangular in ventral view, narrowing rapidly in lateral view.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A dorsal view of body, holotype B lateral view of body, pedipalps and chelicerae, holotype C dorsal view of right pedipalpal patella and tibia, holotype D proximal pseudosegments of right distitarsus I (venter upwards), holotype, showing ventrodistal teeth E penis, ventral view, specimen from Waitomo Valley F penis, right lateral view, specimen from Waitomo Valley.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
Females of this species are currently unknown.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="40" start="start">Forsteropsalis</pageBreakToken>
bona
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from most other
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
species by its unarmed prosoma and enormous, sub-globose cheliceral segment II with widely bowed cheliceral fingers (
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In these features it strongly resembles
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
, and would key out to either
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis tumida" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumida">Forsteropsalis tumida</taxonomicName>
in the key to
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
species provided by
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. These two species are synonymised below.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
by the form of the pedipalpal patella:
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
has a distinct finger-like prodistal apophysis on the patella (
<bibRefCitation author="Phillipps, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="731 - 740" title="Some new Opiliones from New Zealand." volume="1932" year="1932">Phillipps and Grimmett 1932</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. C p. 732), while the patellar apophysis is almost absent in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 1C).
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
also has denticles both dorsally and ventrally on the pedipalpal femur, while
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
has denticles dorsally only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="start">An</pageBreakToken>
interesting feature of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
is the presence of a strong ventrodistal tooth on the end of each of the proximal pseudosegments of the distitarsus. This tooth sits between the two spinose setae generally present on each tarsal pseudosegment in all
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Enantiobuninae">Enantiobuninae</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 1D). Such a feature has not previously been recorded for this subfamily, though it is also present in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
(specimens from MONZ, details given in
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
). This may represent a distinct synapomorphy of these two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
The glans of both
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
is relatively short compared to other
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
species, and converges in shape on that of the Australian genus
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Megalopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megalopsalis</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 117" title="Further revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Opiliones, Neopilionidae), with the description of seven new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.328.5439" volume="328" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, the remaining features of these two species support a direct relationship with other New Zealand species of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
, and with
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
in particular. These features include dorsal papillae on the glans (
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
), setae on the mobile finger of the chelicera (absent in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Megalopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megalopsalis</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Megalopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalopsalis caeruleomontium" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleomontium">Megalopsalis caeruleomontium</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 117" title="Further revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Opiliones, Neopilionidae), with the description of seven new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.328.5439" volume="328" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
), and an array of denticles on the medial side of the pedipalpal coxa (Fig. 3A;
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="EC1446C8D1E2453842EBE0DA1131A5B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283854" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100120065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6283854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1446C8D1E2453842EBE0DA1131A5B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC1446C8D1E2453842EBE0DA1131A5B6" lastPageNumber="101" pageNumber="100">
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37.
<taxonomicName id="C4BD6BAF84A10C4F59BFE5A18CB1255E" ID-CoL="3SGWX" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29694" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">Lasius fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
(Latreille, 1798)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2DBC12C2CB0695AF615D3BB8EC66E3B0" type="description">
<paragraph id="F6243AB922B3F8CA165B434F51AED47C" pageNumber="100">Figs. 136-138.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="03E2DA0A1EBBDFD49C094F614A89EE28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="39DA7E260A8FF925C387635C0FBB8F85" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="DAD9626486D4BF187BD5ADB1A65CFBEC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:139091" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica fuliginosa Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Formica fuliginosa Latreille</taxonomicName>
, 1798:36.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CFFC59864CF627B29FD2137DCAA465BB" type="description">
<paragraph id="978E56C42E60D92687323A4E58DEC41B" pageNumber="100">Worker. Shining black, legs brownish yellow; pubescence sparse, scattered erect hairs over dorsum. Head broadly cordate, emarginate posteriorly with rounded occipital lobes; genital margins incurving towards mandibular insertions. Maxillary palps short with segments 4, 5 and 6 subequal. Petiole thickened wedge shaped in profile, with feebly convex faces, dorsal margin narrow, convex or straight. Length: 4.0-6.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E155A37DA478C028FF6ABCEE299DF121" pageNumber="100">Queen. Colour and shape as worker. Pubescence and body hairs thicker and more abundant than worker. Head width: 1.45-1.65 mm, broader than alitrunk. Length: 6.0-6.5 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D550E6D8641251791887849961ACD42" pageNumber="100">Male. Shining black; head cordate, not emarginate posteriorly, as wide as alitrunk. Petiole low and thick with rounded dorsal margin. Mandibles with apical tooth only. Length: 4.5-5.0 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8208A17DB8BB9CFA3A081D6C19CC6517" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4F09AB2AEEF37350F79A758EC632567A" pageNumber="100">Distribution. Throughout Denmark and Southern Fennoscandia to latitude 62°; South Ireland, England and Wales. - Range: Portugal to Japan and North India, South Italy to Finland.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5136287BCEC569B5D5D905337DD0F1F2" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="ED3FDC8D0F58EA5A58F8FB642B65D57B" pageNumber="101">
<pageStartToken id="35B0A2B066460A546F6699F66A4DFD97" pageNumber="101">
<pageStartToken id="D16BC8215881F8BC4E6083E9551F89BE" pageNumber="101">Biology</pageStartToken>
</pageStartToken>
. This distinctive species is easily recognised by its shining black colour and broad head. Carton nests are constructed at the base of old trees, hedgerows and sometimes in sand dunes and in old walls. Colonies are populous, often polycalic with more than one focal nest and several queens. Workers forage above ground in narrow files throughout the day and night during warm weather, ascending trees and shrubs to tend aphids. The mandibles are relatively weak but small insects may be taken as food. Other competing ant species are repelled by aromatic anal secretions. Fertilised queens may be retained in the old nest or found fresh colonies through adoption by the members of the
<taxonomicName id="B7987A4D43E4B7A1DE809ED96F78B117" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29759" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lasius umbratus (Nylander)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">Lasius umbratus</taxonomicName>
species group; mixed colonies with
<taxonomicName id="060996AC367B3BD69D317484DFFFA490" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29759" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" genus.bestMatchDistance="24" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lasius umbratus (Nylander)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">L. umbratus</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="771169376882508B182A41686F9D5B44" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29716" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1502" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Lasius mixtus (Nylander)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtus">L. mixtus</taxonomicName>
have often been observed. Flight periods are irregular and have been recorded in all months from May to October. A number of local beetles occur with this species including members of the genus Zyras which exhibit protective mimicry. Walden (1964), records an enormous nest measuring 63 x 55 x 55 cm found in a cellar near Goteborg and there are similar reports from outbuildings and cellars in England (Donisthorpe, 1927).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="17826DD6419BD089A6B522B08C9145DE" LSID="http://zoobank.org/4408352E-9363-4329-AADD-EA7E0C62DD5C" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Reinmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Reinmara atlantica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">Reinmara atlantica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="27E0CACA94549FE8D2FAF3AAE9F8CC50" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 8, 24, 36
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7F0518E3185DFDCE5A98F0385AE0F976" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="type material">
<paragraph id="4E96F3B1715A67003589119B9ACCFA18" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<pageBreakToken id="901F06B85B0684333AC6482C94E66322" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D96C9ED5BF75BC77D15FDC6A19DB39C" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
Holotype, ♂. BRAZIL:
<normalizedToken id="CE12975E526B0B9D510C6238927AA1B7" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo: BRASIL: ES, Linhares. 40 m, 05-09.iv.1992, V.O.Becker Col/ Col. BECKER 82019/ USNM-Mimal: 2208/ St Laurent diss.: 11-1-16:6/ HOLOTYPE ♂
<taxonomicName id="67841E3B8B2046E937A537C6CF2B6CE8" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Reinmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reinmara atlantica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">Reinmara atlantica</taxonomicName>
St Laurent, Herbin, &amp; C. Mielke, 2017 [handwritten red label]/ (ex- USNM, DZUP). Type locality: Brazil,
<normalizedToken id="E7EA69DFE8D79462DC1DB58665FCE253" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, Linhares.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02F90B6D4519A619D8DCC32EF8C5DD97" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C99809E2E46E453CEE0B0DC1D69EB4C6" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
(3 ♂ total) BRAZIL:
<normalizedToken id="720E6D7D6256293458479CCCEA7584A7" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo: 2 ♂, same data and Becker number as the holotype, USNM-Mimal: 2209-2210, St Laurent diss.: 11-1-16:7 (USNM). 1 ♂, same data and Becker number as holotype (VOB).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F5206A473C718A86E4043B433AB397E6" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FE453302960F6AA6606943B1E2593991" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECAFA3399A5D2681A6F2D01DD2C91AF1" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="81E7C52F34053F6AED3CB90FC81CF198" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Reinmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reinmara atlantica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">Reinmara atlantica</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="587CBECD6B249968AF91D9564F5EA3AF" lsidName="R. enthona" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="enthona">R. enthona</taxonomicName>
but is darker brown, usually slightly smaller, and has narrower forewings. Also, the light gray medial suffusions are mostly restricted to area along the postmedial line, especially near the costa, and are not present throughout the medial region as in
<taxonomicName id="25CABC9BAE28A93AAF8B09F98770B256" lsidName="R. enthona" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="enthona">R. enthona</taxonomicName>
. The postmedial line is slightly angled toward the costa at Rs4 in
<taxonomicName id="B142DA43ACCF996BF139BBD2799198E0" lsidName="R. atlantica" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="atlantica">R. atlantica</taxonomicName>
, not interrupted there in
<taxonomicName id="06E97B762658019DD0D9BF60E7E386B7" lsidName="R. enthona" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="enthona">R. enthona</taxonomicName>
. The genitalia can be recognized by the narrower valves and smaller gnathos extensions relative to the whole of the genitalia. Perhaps the most reliable character differentiating these two species is the reduced size of all four diaphragmal sacs, especially noticeable in the lower right sac which is very reduced in comparison to that of
<taxonomicName id="7F4F6ED85ED9482403ECC0F86FBCA12A" lsidName="R. enthona" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="enthona">R. enthona</taxonomicName>
, and hardly extends inward toward the body cavity, whereas this huge sac in
<taxonomicName id="9486A8FBBCC488EE91CBCB9526AEA102" lsidName="R. enthona" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="enthona">R. enthona</taxonomicName>
extends well into the body cavity past the vincular ring.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87466DC79EB6083E186A835A8DA08634" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A13932C80DB48D17B392DA51F5D8E1B0" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
Male.Head: As for genus, but light brown in color. Thorax: Coloration as for head. Legs: Coloration as for thorax, vestiture thick, long. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 19-20 mm, avg.: 19.7 mm, wingspan: 35-36 mm, n=3. Triangular, outer margin concave below apex; tornus notched, apex somewhat falcate. Ground color rich brown, very sparsely scattered with tiny, dark-brown, petiolate scales. Ante- and medial areas lighter brown than darker brown submarginal area, lighter gray scales present near costa on both sides of postmedial line, but more expansive on inner side with narrow strip of suffusion scales along postmedial line, fading before anterior wing margin, small patch of light-gray scales also present in antemedial area. Antemedial line almost nonexistent. Discal spot dark ovoid mark, surrounded by pale-gray scales. Fringe coloration lighter with nearly white trailing edge. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but more homogenously brown overall with very obvious black splotch at costa where postmedial line meets it. Antemedial line absent, postmedial reduced to traces. Hindwing dorsum: Notch on anterior margin weak, patterning as for forewing dorsum, but antemedial line absent, discal mark and postmedial line weakly defined. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum but traces of postmedial line outwardly bent mesally. Abdomen: Coloration as for thorax. Genitalia: (Fig. 24) n=2. Typical of genus, very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="756F84023112FBE8C3FFB7D0125941E0" lsidName="R. enthona" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="enthona">R. enthona</taxonomicName>
but gnathos size reduced relative to whole of genitalia, diaphragm sacks much smaller overall especially lower right sac, which barely extends into body cavity past vincular ring, valves slightly narrower. Female. Unknown.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FA86FBBDA8C866F2418849DEB26451F1" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="09E04A44C6A83C247194D4163B2EE264" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
<pageBreakToken id="278B272A384B8D749A10878351C41A32" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43C5F674CD0BA112F19369745D23D37D" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
(Fig. 36).
<taxonomicName id="F13815EE4581911295844896E688C9E3" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Reinmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reinmara atlantica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">Reinmara atlantica</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type locality in
<normalizedToken id="A8CE8D04F90AB1FAFF991C3FC4A3E050" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, Brazil near sea level in the Atlantic Forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9A251E1465F2AF7662CA5DB416BA169E" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2290BB031A1E8AD929D986F7D1B45F98" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5CEEDD29C48EB12A1BACC4ADC7439A0" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">This new species is named for the type locality, which is situated very near to the Atlantic coast of Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A74266A527E19D5E597F1F5520DD464F" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="6C2CB1D85520AA61856085EB3DD647FB" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD9B66542642390BEF1145D54FA01FAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
Despite an abundance of
<taxonomicName id="0A73C40B221930EEF4B7D34A9BE68524" family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
material from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in collections visited during the course of this research (see list in Methods), the four specimens from Linhares were the only
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material located from this hyperdiverse biome. This species may be much more restricted within this biome than other species in the family that are also endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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<taxonomicName authority="Kutter, 1925" authorityName="Kutter" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Temnothorax nadigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nadigi">Temnothorax nadigi (Kutter, 1925)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Records</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(Map 32): Western Rhodopi Mts: Chervenata stena reserve (Dobrostan) (
<bibRefCitation author="Czechowska, W" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="119 - 123" title="Ecological and taxonomic notes on Leptothoraxnadigi Kutter, 1925 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) an ant species new to Poland." volume="48" year="1998">Czechowska et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
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r.
<taxonomicName id="6FDDE5932850CFA262AFE497C47E2D18" ID-CoL="QDTZ" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26763" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hagensii Forel" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus hagensii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hagensii">C. Hagensii</taxonomicName>
n st.
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— [[ worker ]] major 7,5 a 8,5 mill. Stature encore plus ramassee que celle du
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auquel cette race ressemble a divers egards. Tete longue (sans les mandibules) de 2,8 mill, au milieu, et large de 2,6 mill., assez echancree derriere, a cotes tres convexes. Mandibules moyennes, armees de six dents assez obtuses.
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Leur bord externe est fortement courbe vers l'extremite; la ponctuation eparse est bien accentuee et elles sont du reste finement reticulees et un peu mates vers leur base. L'epistome est moins fortement carene que chez le
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. Son lobe anterieur est plus court, un peu trapeziforme. Les cotes de ce lobe sont legerement obliques, convergeant faiblement en avant; le bord anterieur est droit ou un peu concave, faiblement crenele (comme chez le
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). Tete, y compris l'air frontale, reticulee-ponctuee et mate dessus, plus faiblement reticulee et un peu luisante dessous. La grosse ponctuation superposee est tres grossiere, irreguliere et souvent un peu allongee sur le front et l'epistome, plus fine et plus effacee, portant un tres petit poil couche, sur les joues et les cotes de la tete, tout a fait effacee ou nulle sur le reste de la tete et du corps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D61BD8A3F213321676FD1562B6EC1F3" pageNumber="29">Thorax egalement voute. La face basale du metanotum distinctement convexe longitudinalement, presque double de la face declive. Ecaille epaisse, a peine ramincie au sommet, a bord superieur large et presque droit (un peu convexe). Vue de derriere elle forme un rectangle arrondi. Le thorax et l'ecaille sont mediocrement luisants, reticules, les reticulations s'accentuant en rides transversales, surtout sur la face declive du metanotum et sur l'ecaille. L'abdomen est luisant, faiblement ride transversalement. Les scapes depassent faiblement le bord posterieur de la tete. Antennes longues de 5,3 mill., tibias posterieurs de 2,2 mill. Les pattes et les antennes sont plutot courtes. Les tibias sont faiblement deprimes, mais arrondis et nullement prismatiques ni canneles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99CED5A901CB46749A74B452731859F5" pageNumber="29">Tout le corps, y compris les pattes et les antennes, faiblement pourvu d'une tres fine pubescence couchee fort eparse, mais regulierement espacee. Les tibias n'ont pas de pilosite dressee, sauf une rangee de poils fins, courts et obliques a leur bord interne. Pilosite dressee, d'un jaune roussatre, fort eparse sur tout le corps. Sur les cuisses, les joues et l'ecaille elle est a. peu pres nulle (parfois un poil).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B694067DA22DB4CB8654EB7F19E929CF" pageNumber="29">Tete, abdomen et scapes noiratres. Mandibules d'un rouge chatain fonce. Funicules, thorax et pattes d'un rouge vineux un peu roussatre. Les tibias sont plus fonces et les metatarses, sauf leur extremite, sont d'un noir brunatre. Lisiere posterieure des segments abdominaux d'un jaunatre brillant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4869F82A35E627415268F8192E526304" lastPageNumber="30" pageNumber="29">[[ queen ]] minor et media. Long. 6 a 7,5 mill. Tete assez rectangulaire, aussi large derriere que devant, meme chez les plus petites [[ worker ]], a cotes peu convexes, presque paralleles. L'epistome est voute, faiblement carene, a lobe anterieur plus rectangulaire que chez la [[ worker ]] major. Les mandibules ont aussi six dents. Sculpture de la tete plus faible. Ecaille plus basse que chez la [[ worker ]] major, aussi epaisse ou peu s'en faut a son bord superieur qu'a sa base. Couleur de la [[ worker ]] major, mais plus diffuse sur les pattes et les antennes. Du reste comme la [[ worker ]] major.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="20F7DBE58E2918E3A5BEA36FD90CF46A">Centre de Madagascar; recoltee par M. Hildebrandt (Musee de Berlin).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B724B7836299D84DD00FF68E443ECF64">
Cette race touche au groupe ou aux especes
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,
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etc.
</paragraph>
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