diff --git a/data/03/83/24/0383245F2225977B8BD5F631FD78FE56.xml b/data/03/83/24/0383245F2225977B8BD5F631FD78FE56.xml index 4e2704a030d..79bde608b03 100644 --- a/data/03/83/24/0383245F2225977B8BD5F631FD78FE56.xml +++ b/data/03/83/24/0383245F2225977B8BD5F631FD78FE56.xml @@ -1,48 +1,48 @@ - - - -Rhinonycteridae + + + +Rhinonycteridae - - -Author + + +Author -Don E. Wilson +Don E. Wilson - - -Author + + +Author -Russell A. Mittermeier +Russell A. Mittermeier -text - - -2019 -2019-10-31 -Lynx Edicions - -Barcelona +text + + +2019 +2019-10-31 +Lynx Edicions + +Barcelona - -Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats + +Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats - - -194 -209 + + +194 +209 -book chapter -63550 -10.5281/zenodo.6611814 -5ff4d498-850a-42d7-8450-01f5350eb42b -978-84-16728-19-0 -6611814 +book chapter +63550 +10.5281/zenodo.6611814 +5ff4d498-850a-42d7-8450-01f5350eb42b +978-84-16728-19-0 +6611814 - + @@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ -Grandidiefs Trident Bat +Grandidiefs Trident Bat - + Paratriaenops auritus @@ -70,17 +70,26 @@ French: -Tr aen ps de Grand d er -German: -Grand drer-Dre zahnblannase -Spanish: -R non terio de Grındıdıer + +Tr aen ps de Grand d er +German + +: + +Grand drer-Dre zahnblannase +Spanish + +: + +R +non terio de Grındıdıer + Other common names: -Golden Trident Bat +Golden Trident Bat diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C23C6001EB72C94FE4726AB.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C23C6001EB72C94FE4726AB.xml index 6f2d7590797..beb7045d8fb 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C23C6001EB72C94FE4726AB.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C23C6001EB72C94FE4726AB.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis borgo Lees @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ material., Deposition : ♂ ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 A), Anjanaharibe Sud, summit Anjavidibe, 14.7396°S , @@ -230,11 +230,11 @@ Anjanaharibe Sud, summit Anjavidibe, Diagnosis. - + Ht. angulifascia is particularly similar, but there are no other closely comparable species. HWV Mb, however, much less indented that in - + Ht. angulifascia , scribing a lobe outward between M2 and M3, running for only a short rather than a long distance just below M2. @@ -247,22 +247,22 @@ is particularly similar, but there are no other closely comparable species. HWV Variation. ♂♂ very similar to each other, without marked variation in eyespot size between the two collection periods (third week of November, late dry season, and second week of February, wet season). The HWV Mb varies in the angularity with which it is kinked out around space- M2–M3, but this ‘kinking’ is not as extreme as in -Ht. angulifascia +Ht. angulifascia . ♀ unknown, but likely to be similar to the ♂, as for the closely related - + Ht. angulifascia . - + FIGURE 27. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis borgo Lees @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ Butler, 1879 (‘Antananarivo’, BMNH(E) 674769). Scale bar: 30 mm. D : ♂ genitalia of - + Ht. borgo (Anjanaharibe Sud; CK712, 284DL), DV, SV. Scale bar: 3 mm. @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ range ♂ genitalia : 284DL, PT ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 D): from LV, uncus slightly upbent before middle and recurved down to a sharply hooked point, without a distinct ‘head’ before tip (slightly inflated before tip from DV); tegumen shorter than uncus and constriction at fusion line with vinculum not as pronounced as in some other species. Gnathos flattened distinctly into an ear-like shape (as for, e.g., Ht. angulifascia @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ D): from LV, uncus slightly upbent before middle and recurved down to a sharply Etymology. A very dark and still rather mysterious species of mountain passes, in this case the one on the way to the summit of Anjanaharibe Sud, as in the -Borgó +Borgó pass made famous in F.W. Murnau’s film classic ‘Nosferatu’ and its compelling remake by Werner Herzog. @@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ locality, only) in November, 2014 by myself and A. Allaoui. The HT ♂ in BMNH o Butler, 1879 (‘Antananarivo’, Kingdon, BMNH(E) 674769) was examined ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 C) as well as the ♂ and ♀ STs of its synonym Mycalesis butleri @@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ Mabille, 1880 in BMNH (LT ♂, here designated, -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 B, bearing data: “ Lectotype / @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ Torres 2001 ), there was an about 2.15% divergence (8bp different in 415) for a single sample of - + Ht. borgo (as “ @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ locality. Distribution : endemic to rainforest at Anjanaharibe Sud, as far as is known ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 C, dark green dot). @@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ downslope, and it is not known if the species occurs on the adjacent real summit Referred specimens. ♂ ( -Fig. 27 +Fig. 27 D, male genitalia, rest of voucher lost), Madagascar NE, Anjanaharibe Sud, diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C24C6021EB72BF9FBA92005.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C24C6021EB72BF9FBA92005.xml index ec8a378739d..55feefe4018 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C24C6021EB72BF9FBA92005.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C24C6021EB72BF9FBA92005.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis oberthueri Lees @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Lees ] in Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ). @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ material. Deposition : ♂ ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 D), Madagascar E, Zahamena NW, @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ E, Ambavala camp, Zahamena, 010289160 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 E), E, Zahamena NW, 17.5376o S , @@ -307,30 +307,30 @@ NW Zahamena, Diagnosis. The species is particularly similar to - + Ht. tianae described above and in fact few obvious distinguishing features are apparent that are likely to distinguish all examples, but that species is however allopatric, only known from the Angavo massif, and on average, the HWV Mb of - + Ht. oberthueri is relatively straight and there is usually no space-M3 ocellus expressed on the HWD ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 D–E). The wings have a slightly greyer cast. - + Ht. oberthueri also strongly resembles - + Ht. andasibe . It can be distinguished from that last species (which has slightly more conspicuous white spots on the ventral wing surfaces) by the less straight, usually more evenly outangled HWV Mb at space M 2 in - + Ht. andasibe ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 C), and from more yellowish lowland Ht. strigula @@ -340,21 +340,21 @@ which have a conspicuous orange crescent on the HWD, and from Ht. ankova which is smaller and has ocellus space-M3 as well as in space-CuA1 expressed on the HWD ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 C). The ventrally very similar - + Ht. roussettae has a strong tendency to expression of a small ocellus M3 on the HWD ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 A–B). The potentially sympatric (in ‘Antsianaka’ region) Ht. anceps has a relatively straight HWV Mb and a yellowish ventral cast with sparse light brown irroration and a distinct black ventral androconial patch on the ♂ sternal abdomen ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 D). The ♂ genitalia are similar to those of - + Ht. tianae , differing by the more strongly inpointed subterminal spine on the valve and the terminal head covered in spinoid setae being enlarged. They also differ from the potentially sympatric @@ -367,11 +367,11 @@ D). The ♂ genitalia are similar to those of , being smaller and with a narrower distal valve tip ( Lees, 1997: 107 ). DNA differences separating - + Ht. oberthueri from - + Ht. tianae are indicated by @@ -387,15 +387,15 @@ Aduse-Poku Description. Wings : description is similar to that of - + Ht. tianae . Upperside uniform mid brown, with FW space-CuA1 ocellus featuring an orange ocellus ‘ring’ which is sometimes rather ‘squashed’ along the diagonal from mid-costa to tergal angle. FWD space-M1 ocellus small with narrow orange ring. HWD space-CuA1 ocellus is the only one expressed there and is somewhat elliptic, with a narrow orange ring. Darkish brown, diffuse, slightly wavy and uprecurved hair-brush emanates mainly from below vein 1A+2A, as far as mid-vein. Underside greyish brown, similar to - + Ht. tianae , rather more uniform and less strongly irrorated than in many - + Heteropsis , rather uniformly irrorated brown and ochreous brown. Space-CuA1 ocellus with orange ring yellowing proximad, following darkish brown concave curve of Mb before it bends back to mid-costa. Space-M1 ocellus FWV a white pupil in HT. On HWV, space-CuA1 ocellus small and slightly elliptic with narrow black iris, also without orange ring trace. HWV space-Rs-M2 ocelli as white pupil-points and space-CuA2 ocellus hardly expressed in HT. HWV Mb darkish brown and fairly straight but minutely irregular, only gently curving, with very small yellow Mf distad of it in space-M2. FWV cell area with four darker brown rather equally spaced transverse Cbs. Basal areas not much darker than areas distad of Mb, and darker brown PMb weakly represented. @@ -425,9 +425,9 @@ series was taken in a few days in early November. Space- M1 ocellus FWV sometime ♂ genitalia : 371 DL ( -Fig. 25 +Fig. 25 B, PT): description more or less as for - + Ht. tianae : from LV, uncus very slightly proud of dorsal curve of tegumen (which has a small proximad notch from DV) and slightly longer than it, fairly straight and parallel-sided to hook without a distinct ‘head’ towards tip (inflated from DV before tip), fairly narrow at hinge with vinculum. Valve without prominent dorsal ‘shoulder’. Valve arm with fairly short ‘neck’ and slight club at tip covered in spinoid setae (its crest particularly raised from DV), with distinct ‘beak’ oriented towards uncus and slightly mesad, with none of valve tip proud of uncus. Gnathos from rather small base with deepened (although not ear-like structure) near base, recurved downwards at tapered tip (appearing sinuate from DV and slightly inrecurved at pointed tip). Saccus not very long and parallel sided, aedeagus slightly shorter than valve and quite recurved, both towards and away from ostium, also proximally uprecurved. ♂ genitalia different from those of potentially sympatric ( @@ -469,11 +469,11 @@ and of Oberthür, 1916 (LT ♂ designated above under - + Ht. roussettae ) were examined but the species strongly resembles - + Ht. tianae (see above). @@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ and of Additional information. DNA divergences: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4996 (exemplar BMAD242-15, DL06-11), about 2.58% divergent to - + Ht. tianae (BOLD:AAE4112, exemplar BMAD200-15, DL14Z-051). @@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4996 (exemplar BMAD242-15, DL06-11), about 2.58% d : this species was not known at the time of Lees (1997) . Closely related to - + Ht. tianae (sister in @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ Aduse-Poku Distribution : as far as is known, endemic to RNI Zahamena ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 C, brown dots). @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ _0825 [photo]; ♀, data as above but: 06-119, IA432 [isotope voucher], KAP518 [=KA-P518; extract number, sequenced specimen in Aduse-Poku et al. , 2015, mislabelled as - + Heteropsis anceps ); ♀, data as above but: diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C2EC60C1EB72DBAFC8B2602.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C2EC60C1EB72DBAFC8B2602.xml index 6789f37ee44..cb5d7dc394a 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C2EC60C1EB72DBAFC8B2602.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C2EC60C1EB72DBAFC8B2602.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ material., Deposition : ♂ ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 A), Madagascar NW, Bekolosy Mt., RS Manongarivo, c. @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ barcoded specimen], 010289174 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 B), Madagascar E, Bekolosy Mt., RS Manongarivo, @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ NW, 010289175 [ QTR barcode]; ♂ ( -Fig. 29 +Fig. 29 A, genitalia), Madagascar NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, ~ @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ Bekolosy Mt., RS Manongarivo, c. Diagnosis. In its translucence, the extended FWD space-CuA1 Orng of - + Ht. vertigo is intermediate between @@ -276,11 +276,11 @@ is intermediate between Ht. turbans and - + Ht. sabas . - + Ht. vertigo in wing pattern resembles @@ -288,21 +288,21 @@ in wing pattern resembles Ht. turbans more than it does - + Ht. sabas , but the FWD space-CuA1 Orng is largely suffused with orange and only pale whitish-translucent in the anteriad half, especially proximad, rather than throughout it, as in - + Ht. sabas , or largely orange as in Ht. turbans . -Ht. vertigo +Ht. vertigo lacks the extreme ear-like cupping of the gnathos seen in - + Ht. sabas ( Lees, 1997: 107 @@ -313,12 +313,12 @@ and Ht. turbans ( -Fig. 29 +Fig. 29 B; NW Zahamena) as well as some related species (e.g. Ht. angulifascia , -Ht. borgo +Ht. borgo ), and the HWV Mb is much less kinked than in any of these species. @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ B; NW Zahamena) as well as some related species (e.g. Description. Wings : Similar to - + Heteropsis turbans . Upperside uniform mid brown, except with conspicuous orange Mf/crescent (as in a few other of the @@ -339,11 +339,11 @@ B; NW Zahamena) as well as some related species (e.g. Ht. strigula ) at base of HWD space-M2 following curve at base of vein M3. FW space-CuA1 ocellus with orange to pale yellow/translucent ‘ring,’ more like a hexagon that has been compressed along a diagonal running from mid-costa to tergal angle. FWD space-M1 ocellus quite small and elliptic with narrow orange ring. HWD space-CuA1 ocellus the only one expressed there and slightly elliptic, with narrow orange ring. Darkish brown, diffuse, slightly wavy, uprecurved hair brush emanates mainly from space-1A as far as mid-vein. Underside greyish brown, similar to - + Ht. turbans but with a less kinked HWV Mb, and limited irroration, especially in basal area. Space-CuA1 ocellus with orange ring yellowing proximad following reddish brown concave curve of Mb before it bends back to mid-costa. Space-M1 ocellus fairly elliptic, with white pupil and wide narrow black iris, but narrow orange ring. HWV space-CuA1 ocellus large and round to elliptic with narrow pale orange ring. HWV space-Rs-M2 ocelli generally not expressed and space- CuA2 ocellus small and elliptic with faint orange ring. HWV Mb reddish brown and fairly straight but outflexed around M2, generally with a yellow patch (Mf) distad of it in space-M2, and curved back towards the anal angle in space-CuA2. Slight, wavy brown Pml tracks the wing margin and Sml more closely follows the fairly crenate (notably much less so than in the related - + Ht. sabas ) HW margin. FWV cell area with four darker brown rather equally spaced transverse Cbs, the outermost of which flank area that is paler than for the inner pair. Basal areas not much darker than areas distad of the Mb, and darker brown PMb weakly represented. @@ -360,13 +360,13 @@ series was caught near the start of the rainy season in mid December. ♀♀ sim 19.4– 19.5 mm (n=2 ♀♀). - + FIGURE 28. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ Lees & Raharitsimba (Mt. Bekolosy; NHMUK010289173). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. vertigo (Mt. Bekolosy; NHMUK010289175). @@ -407,13 +407,13 @@ Oberthür, 1923 (‘Tamatave’; BMNH(E) #674789). Scale bar: 30 mm. - + FIGURE 29. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A : - + Heteropsis vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba @@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ and ♂ genitalia : 366DL, PT ( -Fig. 29 +Fig. 29 A): from LV, uncus fairly straight in line with tegumen in non-deflexed position and recurved down to a sharply hooked point, with a distinct ‘head’ before tip; tegumen about same length as uncus and constriction at fusion line with vinculum only moderate, such that tegumen from LV tapers only slightly from a rectangular frame; tegumen features wide and shallow proximad notch from DV. Gnathos on angled base, flattened distinctly before tip into broadened structure (not nearly as earlike as for example in Ht. turbans @@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ A direct reference to the vertiginous waterfall directly below the camp at Bekol Discussion. No historical museum collections of - + Ht. vertigo are known. When first found in the field in @@ -492,11 +492,11 @@ are known. When first found in the field in (indeed Lees 1997 : 225 -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 K erroneously shows the distribution of that species extending to the northwest of Madagascar ). - + Ht. vertigo has since been found on the adjacent mountain of Antsatrotro in @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ has since been found on the adjacent mountain of Antsatrotro in Oberthür 1916 (LT ♂, here designated, -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 C, specimen bearing labels “ Madagascar Antsianaka Perrot Freres 2e Semestre 1893| @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ Culapa turbans Oberthür, 1916 (LT, here designated, -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 D, specimen bearing labels: “Antsianaka et lac Alaotra 2e Trimestre 1889 Perrot Freres|[copy of Oberthür 1916 , Pl. 356, f. 3057]|BMNH(E) #674784; automatically then, PLT ♂: BMNH(E) #674786; PLT ♀♀: BMNH(E) #674785) and BMNH(E) #674787, with same locality data). @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ was considered a synonym of by Lees et al., 2003 (see also below). Also examined ( -Fig. 28 +Fig. 28 E) was the HT ♂ of Culapa sabas @@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ and Distribution : as far as is known endemic to Réserve Speciale de Manongarivo, Mts. Bekolosy and Antsatrotro ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 B, fawn dots). diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED.xml index 6db6adbbd09..8ed5f535df1 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C31C61E1EB72DBAFDD727ED.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis menamenoides Lees @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ material., BMNH : ♂ ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 A), Madagascar NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, 950 [880] m, [ @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ extract number], barcode voucher], KA571, KA4084 [=KA-P571, KA-P4084; DNA extract numbers]; ♂ ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 D), Madagascar NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, Diagnosis. - + Heteropsis maeva is similar on the dorsal wing surface. In Asia, a group that includes @@ -243,15 +243,15 @@ Mabille 1877 : 186 for a photograph) is a synonym according to Lees et al., (2003), - + Ht. menamenoides has a dark orange Mb and Smb ventrally, with contiguous pale yellow shading distad to the Mb, and dark orange somewhat triangular blotches distal to that. However, in - + Ht. menamenoides , only the space-CuA1 ocellus is expressed as typical of the - + Ht. strigula group, and the HW margin is less crenulated, whereas in the @@ -261,21 +261,21 @@ group, and the HW margin is less crenulated, whereas in the group, a full complement of ocelli are expressed, especially on the HWV. Within the ‘true’ Malagasy mycalesine fauna, the upperside of - + Ht. menamenoides is similar to that of - + Ht. maeva , to which the species is apparently closely related, and shares a smooth HW margin, but differs by a much lighter and more uneven orange colouration on both wing surfaces, whereas the HW-crenulate - + Ht. barbarae is not known from the northwest of Madagascar , and has a almost entirely mid brown dorsal wing colouration. Among the only other distinctly ‘orange’ - + Heteropsis (in both sexes) known from @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ is not known from the northwest of , the Malagasy Region complex of - + Ht. narcissus ( Fabricius, 1798 @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ and Ht. laeta which are similar in dorsal wing pattern, have them, but are paler yellow on underside. Orange ♀ forms of - + Ht. erebina (‘ @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Mabille, 1884 : 56 and d’Abrera, 1997 ) are also not confusable because the Mb shows through to the upperside more strongly and delineates an area just proximad of the space-CuA1 ocellus which is highlighted more contrastingly in paler orange. - + Ht. erebina and @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ and Ht. antahala belong to different clades with different wing shapes and particularly ventral wing patterning. In particular, none of these species have such a distinctly zigzagged orange Sml, that is especially characteristic of the FWV of - + Ht. menamenoides . @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ belong to different clades with different wing shapes and particularly ventral w Description. Wings : Upperside orange with wide darkish brown border along margin that widens from costa towards apex in FWD and that is more diffuse on HWD, narrowest at margin and broader at costa and tergal edge. Lighter orange is evident around space-M3 of FWD and HWD. Space-CuA1 ocellus expressed more strongly in FWD than in HWD; Orng not evident and black iris considerably smaller diameter than spacing of veins CuA1 and CuA2. Underside generally of lighter orange cast especially distad of Mb of central symmetry system, and there is a diffuse darker orange band running through arc of ocelli and a very wavy darker orange line before another darker orange Sml that closely tracks the margin on both wings; the margin is fairly smoothly cut and only very gently crenate. The dark orange Mb is relatively straight in the HWV and curves towards the tergal angle of the FWV, tergad of the space-CuA1 ocellus, which is very small in the HT. In FWV, Cbs delineated by two sets of approximately parallel darker orange transverse lines in the FWV cell area, not as evident as in the (anyway brown) species -Ht. roussettae +Ht. roussettae . Space-M2 ocellus as small white point surrounded by narrow black ring in FWV while space-CuA1 ocellus of HWV only slightly larger; no other ocelli expressed. Basal area strongly strigulated with darker orange lines in both wings, and PMb is more evident in the HWV than FWV. @@ -356,13 +356,13 @@ series were collected over a few adjacent days in mid December. ♀ unknown. 19.7 mm . ♀ unknown. - + FIGURE 21. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis menamenoides Lees @@ -399,13 +399,13 @@ Mabille, 1877 : black ventral abdominal patch between A3–A6 divided centrally by narrow yellow overlying scales, in potential contact with diffusely separated and slightly wavy androconial brush largely emanating from base of space-CuA2 before its fork with vein CuA1 and overlying veins 1A+2A and 3A; the latter symmetrically inflated before midlength in compact ‘tear’-shape ( Lees, 1997: 97, -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 b ), whereas 1A+2A shows very restricted swelling towards the base of 1A. Fairly short and compact Sdb brownish at base and strongly light yellow towards tip overlying small Sdp with small underlying swelling in HW vein R towards end of cell ( Lees, 1997: 97, -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 b ); not described in detail here due to scarcity of material. @@ -417,9 +417,9 @@ b ♂ genitalia : 231DL (DLBEK94_180; -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 D, PT): from LV, tegumen broader dorsally and very angled proximad (scarcely any notch from DV), very narrow at hinge with vinculum; dorsal edge of tegumen forming a fairly straight line to uncus featuring fairly narrow and evenly deep ‘neck’ distad to hook-tip with distinct dorsal ‘head’ as fairly typical for - + Ht. strigula group; uncus quite strongly inflated before tip from DV. Gnathos particularly straight and tapering (but slightly sinuate from DV and inrecurved at tip), emanating from rounded base and in the specimen examined, transversing uncus at about 40 degrees. Valve with a long straight dorsal ‘shoulder’. Valve base leads without strong constriction to quite broad and flat valve arm covered in spinoid setae along entirety of fairly truncate tip, featuring a slight distal lobe (incurved from DV), with uncus hook-tip protruding to middle of extension of this truncate tip (from LV). Saccus not very long and aedeagus about same length as valve, strongly uprecurved from midlength and featuring a long proximad ostium, slightly bulbous at tip. Juxta somewhat ‘plate-lipped’ at proximad tip. @@ -464,11 +464,11 @@ at Bekolosy mountain in the RS Manongarivo ( of the ‘orange’ species in Madagascar in the - + Ht. strigula group were examined (see under - + Ht. barbarae ), as well as the ♀ HT of @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ E. & B. Perrot| Additional information. DNA divergences: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:AAE4113 (exemplar DLBEK94_179, BMAD075-09, HM404251). The DNA barcode is about 5.5% divergent to an undescribed species, sp. 28 (cluster number BOLD:AAE5458), and about 5.8% pairwise divergent to that of - + Ht. tianae (BOLD:AAE4112). @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ A. Camus, not necessarily the hostplant. Distribution : endemic as far as is known to Mt. Bekolosy, Reserve Speciale de Manongarivo ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 C, slateblue dots). diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6111EB72C8FFDC9260E.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6111EB72C8FFDC9260E.xml index 5247a5fc867..9bc098b5c99 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6111EB72C8FFDC9260E.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6111EB72C8FFDC9260E.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis barbarae Lees & Kremen @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 A), Madagascar NE, Maitsoarongana, Sikiory River, near camp, @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ barcode]; ♂, NE, Maitsoarongana, ridge just S. of camp, (E) 1717099 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 B), Madagascar NE, Sikiory R., riparian, @@ -241,86 +241,86 @@ NE, Maitsoarongana, Sikiory River, Diagnosis. The ventral wings of - + Ht. barbarae are similar to some other members of the - + Ht. strigula group that exhibit a crenulate HW margin, notably - + Ht. menamenoides sp. nov. and - + Ht. strigula . Upperside dark brown, lacking light orange wash and smooth HW margin of - + Ht. menamenoides ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 A) and Ht. maeva ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 D) and the HWD orange crescent (Mf) typical of - + Ht. strigula . Fresh specimens of - + Ht. barbarae are distinctive in their strong slightly dingy orange ventral cast ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 A,E), and the ventral scales are easily displaced/rubbed. Worn ♀♀ can easily be confused with those of often sympatric Ht. pauper and - + Ht. undulans . Indeed the ♀ of - + Ht. undulans is sometimes almost indistinguishable ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 D) to that of - + Ht. barbarae ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 B), but - + Ht. undulans ♀♀ often tend to be more flushed with reddish scales on the upperside, while - + Ht. barbarae can be distinguished by the combination of rich and dense slightly dingy orange scales on the ventral surface which lack a yellow cast (such as in - + Ht. strigula ), combined with a less contrasting, pale orange band between Pml and Sml ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 C,D,F), which is pale ochreous in both sexes of some populations of - + Ht. undulans (however that is a very variable species), but there will always be a few especially more worn specimens of - + Ht. barbarae that are hard to place without dissection. The similarly lowland @@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ that are hard to place without dissection. The similarly lowland Ht. maeva has a brighter orange underside ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 D), denser black ventral brush in the ♂, and is distinctive in that its upperside is orange too, except for HWs of western specimens which are usually suffused with brown (but - + Ht. barbarae is anyway absent in the west of @@ -342,22 +342,22 @@ is anyway absent in the west of Description. Wings : Upperside mid-brown with a slight russet brown cast. Space-CuA1 ocellus expressed strongly in FWD; orange ring sub-hexagonal., M1 ocellus very small black white pupilled spot surrounded by a narrow orange ring. HWD ocellus CuA1 fairly small and sub-elliptic, surrounded by a narrow orange ring. Underside has a lighter dingy orange cast, only slightly lighter distad of the Mb. Mb darker orange-brown, gently convex and slightly irregular (relatively straight in the HT HWV) with paler orange highlights distal to it in space- M2 to CuA1. FWV space-CuA1 ocellus similar size to FWD (in the HT), as is FWV M1 ocellus, which is reduced to a very small white point surrounded by a narrow black ring and orange ring that slightly contrasts with background. FWV space-CuA1 ocellus follows concave shape of the FWV darker orange-brown Mb before it bends back toward mid costa, with a ring that is orange near the black iris (which is significantly smaller than on FWD) and is yellowy-orange towards the greatest inflection of the bend in the Mb, forming a ‘spiral arm’ (Ore). HWV space-CuA1 ocellus similar size and shape to that on dorsal surface, surrounded by pale orange ring not much lighter than background; no other ocelli conspicuously expressed on the HWV nor HWD. The HWV basal area is sparsely irrorated with brown strigulae, the area between PMb and Mb more evenly and finely irrorated. A wavy-zigzag darker diffuse brownish line inset from margin follows a double narrow Sml divided by the ground colour, not very ochreous as usual in - + Ht. undulans ) that closely tracks the margin of both wings, the margin being relatively smooth in the FW and distinctly crenulate in the HW. The reddish/dark orange-brown HWV PMb is slightly more convex than the Mb and both lines terminate abruptly at 1A. In FWV in the cell area are four dark orange-brown Cbs meeting almost perpendicular at the costa, the outermost pair delineating relatively paler areas, the outermost of which is more convex than the others, with its borders diverging towards the costa (in the HT). Variation. ♀♀ similar but larger and slightly paler ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 B). Space-CuA1 ocellus FWD is a little wider proximad in some specimens, and FWD M1 ocellus sometimes not visible. HW space-CuA1 ocellus is more circular in some specimens. - + FIGURE 20. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture. A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis barbarae Lees & Kremen @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ Lees & Kremen (Maitsoarongana, Makira; BMNH(E) 1717096). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. barbarae (Sikiory R., Makira; BMNH(E) 1717100). @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ Oberthür, 1916 (Antanandava, PN Andohahela). E : ♀ of - + Ht. barbarae (Makira; 27/01/2003). @@ -441,11 +441,11 @@ by Claire Kremen in the survey of what is now Masoala National Park ( , so obviously completely overlooked in historic collecting in the region. All available types in the - + Ht. subsimilis and - + Ht. strigula groups (all in BMNH) were examined. In particular, among the ‘orange underside’ species, the following specimens are typified. These include two of up to three (although in his original description, Mabille does not state the number of specimens; but see also Mabille [1887]: 77) possible ♂♂ STs in BMNH of @@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ groups (all in BMNH) were examined. In particular, among the ‘orange underside Mabille, 1878 ; LT ♂, here designated ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 D): BMNH(E) 673788; Lectotype |MadagascarNo10 [?sic; or ‘MadagascarNW’?]|Ex Coll. CHRIS WARD|Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3.| @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ D): BMNH(E) 673788; Oberthür, 1916 , a LT ♂ is here designated ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 B): the specimen bearing labels “BMNH(E) #674741; Lectotype |Nord-Madagascar (Antakares) Isokitra a Diego Suarez @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ are numbered BMNH(E) #674743-674746. Among STs of Oberthür, 1916 , a LT ♂ in BMNH is here designated ( -Fig. 21 +Fig. 21 C), the specimen bearing labels “LT|Nord-Madagascar (Antakares) Isokitra à Diego-Suarez Mai à Octobre 1891 E.&B. Perrot| @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ were also examined; the LT ♂ is here considered to have designated by : 184 by the text “♂ ( holotype ) and ♀ as illustrated”, as illustrated on p. 185; the LT ( -Fig. 20 +Fig. 20 C) bears the labels “ Madagascar Fito @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ but is misidentified and in fact represents a ♀ of Ht. undulans ) also would belong. The last form (represented by a ♀ without abdomen; -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 E) is here designated LT of Culapa pseudonarcissus @@ -609,13 +609,13 @@ also captioned it “ Additional information. ♂ genitalia : 141DL ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 C, referred specimen): the basic configuration is fairly typical for - + Ht. strigula group. From LV, the approximately parallel-sided uncus is very slightly longer than the tegumen, the dorsal margin approximately in line with that of the tegumen and slightly upraised after its brow, with a smoothly round ‘head’ before the ventral hook (inflated from DV before tip), which projects forward rather than down. The gnathos originates on an elliptic base and is gently tapered and straight to an approx. 35-degree angle to uncus in the specimen examined; from DV it features a typical ‘bull’s horn’ sinuate appearance with pointed tips inrecurved. Only a slight constriction is found at hinge with vinculum. The valve has a fairly parallel-sided, flattened arm which is bent over at tip (inwards from DV) exposing a dense coverage of spinoid setae and the uncus tip when not downflexed is about the same extension as, not proud of the valve tips. The saccus is of normal length for the - + Ht. strigula group and the aedeagus is about the same length as the valve and strongly recurved distad of the (also proximally uprecurved) ostium. The juxta is narrow and not sharply lipped proximad. @@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ group and the aedeagus is about the same length as the valve and strongly recurv DNA divergences: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4995 (exemplar BMAD248-15, DL14M-0033, Marojejy) is 4.86% divergent to - + Ht. tianae (BOLD:AAE4112), and 5.63% divergent to @@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ Torres (2001) , - + Ht. barbarae (their “ @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ based on 3 ♂♂, and 1 ♀ from Masoala; 390 bp comparable). Phylogeny/sister species : possibly - + Ht. menamenoides (combined tree in @@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ Torres : endemic to the northeastern rainforests of Madagascar , from Marojejy and Masoala south to Ambatovaky ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 C, light green dots). @@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ NE, Masoala, Be Dinta, R. Anaovandrano, , H. Raharitsimba, GEN 117 DL [genitalia]; ♂ ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 C), NE, Antsamanarana R., Masoala E., [ 50–520 m ], diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6151EB72DBAFC3D202F.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6151EB72DBAFC3D202F.xml index 352e08c1fc2..9a61b9c526f 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6151EB72DBAFC3D202F.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C34C6151EB72DBAFC3D202F.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis strigula sub-group @@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ sub-group This sub-group of the - + Ht. strigula group includes all the members of the clade comprising both - + Ht. strigula (Mabille, 1877) diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C38C6061EB72DBAFE8226A3.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C38C6061EB72DBAFE8226A3.xml index 05addc06490..d47c16ae629 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C38C6061EB72DBAFE8226A3.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C38C6061EB72DBAFE8226A3.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis tianae Lees & Kremen @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 A), Madagascar C, Amboasary-an-ala, Tsaracamp Boogie Pilgrim, Anjozorobe, @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Deposition : ♂ ( -Fig. 25 +Fig. 25 A), Madagascar C, Anjozorobe @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ C, Anjozorobe 010289191 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 B), Madagascar C, Amboasary-an-ala, Vanjamanitra-Vazimba forest, Anjozorobe; towards start of Vanjamanitra trail, @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ extract number], ” [=Andrangoloaka, E. Lac Mantasoa], BMNH (E) #674766 (Godman-Salvin Coll.; -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 C) and BMNH (E) #674767; @@ -233,11 +233,11 @@ C, Amboasary-an-ala, vic. Anjozorobe, Diagnosis. - + Heteropsis oberthueri , described below, is hard to distinguish from - + Ht. tianae except by ♂ genitalia (the gnathos is more flattened at the base than in that species) and by mitochondrial DNA sequence (DNA barcode highly distinct from ‘sp. 28’ to be treated in a subsequent paper, and from @@ -248,33 +248,33 @@ except by ♂ genitalia (the gnathos is more flattened at the base than in that ) ; see under DNA divergences). On average, the HWV Mb of - + Ht. tianae is slightly more outdented near space-M2 ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 A– C), and the HWV tends to have the space-CuA2 ocellus expressed as small black-ringed ocellus. However, - + Ht. oberthueri ( -Fig. 24 +Fig. 24 D–E, -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 A) can be distinguished from the sympatric - + Ht. andasibe by the distinctly more outangled HWV Mb of that species ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 C; -Fig. 26 +Fig. 26 B). In the Angavo massif, I observed the last species to prefer habitat only a few metres from the forest margin. The ventrally very similar - + Ht. roussettae usually has a smoother outcurve to the HWV Mb at space-M2 and strong tendency to expression of a small ocellus in space-M3 on the HWD ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 AB). @@ -282,20 +282,20 @@ AB). Description. Wings: upperside uniform mid brown, FW space-CuA1 ocellus with an orange ocellus ‘ring’ which is sometimes rather hexagonal in shape and eccentric, being wider at proximad edge. FW space-M1 ocellus small with narrow orange ring. HW space-CuA1 ocellus the only one expressed there and somewhat elliptic. Darkish brown diffuse, slightly wavy hair-brush emanating mainly from below vein 1A+2A as far as mid-vein. Underside greyish brown, rather more uniform and less strongly irrorated than in many - + Heteropsis , rather uniformly irrorated brown and ochreous brown. Space-CuA1 ocellus FWV with orange ring yellowing proximad, this Ore following the darkish brown concave curve of the Mb before it bends back to mid-costa. Space-M1 ocellus FWV reduced to white pupil with narrow black iris without trace of orange ring. On HWV, space-CuA1 ocellus slightly elliptic with narrow black iris and small also, without orange ring trace. HWV space-M1-M2 ocelli as white ‘pupil’ points. HWV Mb darkish brown and fairly straight, only gently curving. FWV cell area with four darker brown rather equally spaced transverse Cbs. Basal areas are not much darker than areas distad of the Mb, and a darker brown PMb is weakly represented. Variation. ♂♂ similar to each other, but seasonal variation has not been quantified. HWV Mb sometimes with a yellow Mf distad of it in space-M2. HWV space-CuA2 ocellus may be slightly expressed as small white pupil with elliptic black iris. ♀♀ similar in pattern, but larger and somewhat lighter dorsally with a more rounded HW shape. - + FIGURE 24. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis tianae , Lees & Kremen @@ -306,19 +306,19 @@ Adults in DV (left), VV (right). (Anjozorobe; NHMUK010289158). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. tianae (Anjozorobe; BMNH(E) #676763; DNA barcoded specimen). C : - + Ht. tianae ♀ (‘Andrangoloaka’; BMNH(E) #674766, Godman-Salvin Coll.). D : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis oberthueri Lees @@ -329,17 +329,17 @@ Adults in DV (left), VV (right). (Zahamena; NHMUK010289159). E : PT ♀ of - + Ht. oberthueri (Zahamena; NHMUK010289160). Scale bar: 30 mm. - + FIGURE 25. ♂ genitalia in views stated. A: - + Heteropsis tianae Lees & Kremen @@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ Lees & Kremen sp. nov. (Anjozorobe; 228DL), LV, SV. B: - + Heteropsis oberthueri Lees @@ -376,13 +376,13 @@ Lees : both 1A+2A and 3A have a tapered ‘balloon-like’ inflation, more swollen distad, from base to mid-vein, covered in thin grey-brown scales ( Lees 1997: 96, -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 A: sp. 49 ). HW veins M2, M3, CuA1 and CuA2 are also narrowly inflated throughout their lengths and have specialized scales on the dorsal surface ( Lees 1997: 96, -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 A ). Abdominal black androconia indistinctly visible ventro-laterally around A2. HWD discocellular brush fawn to yellowish/blonde at tip. Discocellular patch hwd (orange, small, lenticular, composed of narrow yellow scales) (observations on MAD 239–242, MAD244; Anjozorobe, n=5). @@ -394,9 +394,9 @@ A ♂ genitalia : 228DL, PT ( -Fig. 25 +Fig. 25 A): from LV, uncus slightly proud of dorsal curve of tegumen and longer than it, fairly straight and parallel-sided to hook without a distinct ‘head’ although slightly broadened ventrally towards tip (evident from the SV), and tegumen fairly narrow at hinge with vinculum; tegumen viewed laterally less tapered ventrad than many species. Valve arm with fairly short neck (distinctly recurved and bowed inwards from the SV) and slight club at tip covered in spinoid setae, with distinct ‘beak’ oriented towards uncus and slightly mesad, uncus tip distinctly proud of valves. Gnathos from rather small base with distinct flattening, more so than in - + Ht. oberthueri (although not with ear-like structure) near base, recurved downwards at tapered tip (and inwards from the SV) with slight serration on dorsal surface. Saccus moderate length and parallel sided, aedeagus slightly shorter than valve and strongly recurved twice, towards and away from the also proximally uprecurved ostium. @@ -428,13 +428,13 @@ and of Oberthür, 1916 (LT ♂♂ designated above under - + Ht. roussettae ; see -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 C–D) were examined and are clearly different, along with - + Ht. oberthueri , described below. @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ C–D) were examined and are clearly different, along with Additional information. DNA divergences: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:AAE4112 (exemplar BMAD200- 15, DL14Z-051) is about 2.58% divergent to - + Ht. oberthueri (cluster number BOLD:ACW4996, exemplar BMAD242-15, DL06-11, RNI Zahamena) and about 4.17% divergent from ‘sp. 28’ (BOLD:AAE5458), which is not likely to be the sister species. In their dataset for COII ( @@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ Torres , 2001 ), - + Ht. tianae (as their “ @@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ AY Phylogeny/sister species : probably - + Ht. oberthueri based on the close relationship of the COI-5P barcode (confirmed by @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ Torres (2001 : 467) suggested a topological relationship of - + Ht. tianae (sp. 49) with @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ Torres Distribution : endemic to the Angavo massif, including Anjozorobe and Andrangoloaka, as far as is known ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 C, dark pink dots). Due to a formatting error, the locality was incorrectly given in Table 1 of Torres @@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ Centre, forêt a l’Est du lac de Mantasoa, Andrangoloaka, 27-II/ ], data as above but: DCL-DB-4469, DCL-DB- 4470; ♂ [ BMNH ; probably referable to - + Ht. tianae ], diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C3BC61A1EB72BC9FD9D2680.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C3BC61A1EB72BC9FD9D2680.xml index a25dc26d7b1..95cee6d1566 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C3BC61A1EB72BC9FD9D2680.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C3BC61A1EB72BC9FD9D2680.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis angulifascia clade @@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ clade In the sampling of Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ), - + Ht. angulifascia ( Butler, 1879 @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ In the sampling of Aduse-Poku anceps ’ (= - + Ht. oberthueri ), @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ In the sampling of Aduse-Poku Ht. turbans and - + Ht. sabas formed a well-supported molecular clade. This clade, nested within the @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ formed a well-supported molecular clade. This clade, nested within the Ht. strigula sub-group, and named after - + Ht. angulifascia , also includes the described species diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5.xml index e5935001741..b5a9f1db018 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C3FC61A1EB72BCFFAD227D5.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ material., Deposition : ♂ ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 A): ♂, Madagascar , Montagne d'Ambre, @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ extract number], IA316 [isotope voucher], 010289156 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 B), Madagascar N, Montagne d'Ambre, tourist campsite, c. @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ barcode]; ♂, N, Montagne d'Ambre [ 010289188 [ QTR barcode]; ♂ ( -Fig. 23 +Fig. 23 A), Madagascar N, Montagne d'Ambre, W of divide, @@ -261,15 +261,15 @@ Montagne d'Ambre, ‘Les Roussettes’, With a white point emphasised in space-M2 and often M3 of the FW and in M1-M 3 in the HWV, - + Ht. roussettae looks very like - + Ht. andasibe . It is however allopatric to - + Ht. andasibe , as far as known confined to the northern rainforest of Montagne d’Ambre, and likewise it is allopatric to @@ -280,30 +280,30 @@ looks very like ) , - + Ht. tianae and - + Ht. oberthueri sp. nov. , which like - + Ht. andasibe are distributed at more central latitudes of the eastern rainforests. - + Ht. roussettae has a smoother outcurve to the HWV Mb than those species at M3, and in known material there is a strong tendency to expression of an ocellus, albeit small, in space-M3 on the HWD ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 A- B); these features distinguish it from the other four generally similar species. In the ♂ genitalia from LV, compared to - + Ht. andasibe , the tegumen has a relatively straight dorsal edge (and wide and shallow proximad notch from DV), appearing quite extended proximad and the uncus tip extends towards or slightly beyond maximum extension (distad lobe) of valve tips; the reliability of these distinguishing features is unknown. The HWV has a relatively straight Mb (compared to - + Ht. strigula (Mabille, 1877) @@ -316,15 +316,15 @@ and to Ht. anceps and the light orange - + Ht. menamenoides described above, distinguishing it strongly from members of the - + Ht. angulifascia clade ( - + Ht. strigula group). @@ -334,11 +334,11 @@ group). Description. Wings: Upperside uniform dark brown. FW space-CuA1 ocellus with black iris spanning veins CuA1 and CuA2; Orng not perfectly circular, tending to be angled towards base of vein CuA1. FW space-M1 ocellus small, with faint orange ring; M2 ocellus white pupil only evident. In HW, space-CuA1 ocellus elliptic, with narrow dark orange ring, spanning about 1/3 of vein CuA1-CuA2 distance; space-M3 ocellus expressed (unusually for a member of the - + Ht. strigula group), but smaller, less elliptic. White pupils as points only, in HW spaces-M1-M3 particularly. Underside has ochreous-olive brown cast. FW space-CuA1 ocellus with orange ring that is yellower towards costa tending to be blocked by vein M3, and forming Ore that follows concave curve of dark brown FWV Mb, which as usual curves back towards mid costa. Background colour is slightly yellower olivebrown distad of Mb. Mb in HW relatively straight, as in - + Ht. menamenoides , and there is a distinct dark brownish convex PMb. Fine irroration of small darker brown line fragments throughout wing and concentrated in basal area, with Cbs on FW comprising two sets of approximately parallel transverse lines in the FW cell area. Very wavy darker diffuse brown line runs submarginally in both wings especially FW (somewhat toothed outward at each vein) and narrow darker brown line tracks wing margin, which is fairly smooth, only very slightly crenate. @@ -362,23 +362,23 @@ group), but smaller, less elliptic. White pupils as points only, in HW spaces-M1 Aside from Sdb, dark dispersed Cub consists of brownish hairs emanating from above 1A+2A and 3A that may contact a blackish patch of specialized scales located on abdominal sternite A3–A5 ( Lees, 1997: 99, -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 ). Note that an androconial abdominal patch in this position is not very evident, and does not appear distinctly from superficial examination. The cubital/anal brush(es) partially overlie two ‘balloon’ inflations (swellings) terminating around mid-vein in 1A+2A and 3A, tapering towards base, covered in very small thin grey scales, that in 3A are rather larger than that in 1A+2A ( Lees 1997: 96, -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 A ). - + FIGURE 22. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture. A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ Lees & Kremen (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK010289154). B : ♀ PT of - + Ht. roussettae (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK010289157). @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ Lees & Kremen Oberthür, 1916 (‘Antsianaka’, 1890; BMNH(E) #674757; now - + Ht. andasibe Lees (2003)) @@ -414,27 +414,27 @@ Oberthür, 1916 (‘Antsianaka’, 1893; BMNH(E) #674762). Scale bar: 30 mm. E : ♀ of - + Ht. roussettae , in disturbed habitat (Montagne d’Ambre; 09/01/1995); F : ♀ of - + Ht. andasibe ( -Andasibe +Andasibe ; 24/ 10/2014). - + FIGURE 23. Adults in views stated. A : ♂ PT genitalia of - + Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen @@ -446,13 +446,13 @@ Lees & Kremen (Montagne d’Ambre; 33DL), LV, SV. Scale bar: 3 mm. B : ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in - + Ht. roussettae (“sp. 26” modified from Lees, 1997; not to scale), LV. C : ♂ genitalia and sternal androconial scaling in - + Ht. andasibe (modified from Lees, 1997: where labelled “ @@ -469,9 +469,9 @@ Lees & Kremen ♂ genitalia : 33DL ( -Fig. 23 +Fig. 23 A, PT): from LV, very similar to - + Ht. andasibe (as “ @@ -481,12 +481,12 @@ A, PT): from LV, very similar to ” in Lees 1997 : 107, - + Figure 7 g), but tegumen, which has fairly straight dorsal edge (and wide and shallow proximad notch from DV), appears quite extended proximad from LV and uncus tip extends towards or slightly beyond maximum extension (the distad lobe) of valve tip. Uncus slightly longer than tegumen and parallel sided from LV with distinct dorsal ‘head’ at tip; slightly inflated before tip from DV. Valves stout and asymmetric at base which also has a small and gently curved ‘shoulder’; dorsal valve margin is the much more recurved one, with a recurved spine facing proximad/mesad. As in - + Ht. andasibe , the shallowly bifid ends of valves impart a somewhat ‘crab pincer’-like appearance, heavily armed with spinoid setae along wide, uncus-facing margin. Saccus not long and aedeagus similar length to valve, quite deep and strongly uprecurved distad. The gnathos emanates from a distinctly rectangular base, recurved downward as crossing the fairly narrow and parallel-necked uncus, at an angle of around 40 degrees in the specimen examined. The juxta is narrow proximad and slightly down-lipped. @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ Named after Les Roussettes (a name likely derived from , a genus of fruit bat; note that the derivation used here though is feminine singular from the French word ‘roussette’, which might approximate the root of both names). Les Roussettes is a rather famous touristic site at PN Montagne d’Ambre and when visited this former forestry station was provided with a ‘ gite ’ around which this low-flying species could be found. The name also reflects that of the closely related species - + Ht. andasibe , also named after a familiar tourist destination in @@ -518,12 +518,12 @@ This species was first recognized in the field as “sp. 26” by Claire Kremen (two ♂♂). There is a single historical specimen of this species in PBZT included in the type series. All relevant - + Heteropsis types in the - + Ht. strigula group were examined to ensure recognition of this species as new. The former @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ were examined: LT ♂, according to the Code, was first designated by : 184) who illustrated a specimen of the first species with a red label next to it and a text which stated “♂ ( holotype ) as illustrated” ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 C); bearing labels “BMNH(E) #674757; Madagascar Antsianaka Perrot Freres 2e Semestre 1890”. Also examined were the STs of @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ Antsianaka Perrot Freres 2e Semestre 1890”. Also examined were the STs of Oberthür 1916 ; LT ♂, here designated ( -Fig. 22 +Fig. 22 D), specimen bearing labels “BMNH(E) #674762; Madagascar Antsianaka Perrot Freres 2e Semestre 1893”. Regarding @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ Ward, 1870 (HT ♂: “BMNH(E) 673767; Madagascar Ex COLL. CHRIS WARD”). See also under - + Ht. tornado regarding @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ and no COI-5P barcode yet available. The cytochrome b sequence, 357 bp (BMNH(E) #671644, FJ819174 ) is about 4.75% divergent from - + Ht. andasibe (comparison sequences BMNH(E) #676684 @@ -652,11 +652,11 @@ found morphological support for a clade consisting of this species (“TWNSX”) (“ ANCEPS ”) and - + Ht. andasibe (“ANTSI”), with a topology retained in analysis of ♂ genitalic characters. Although it resembles more closely - + Ht. andasibe , either species might potentially be its allospecific replacement in Northern @@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ Aduse-Poku Distribution : only known from Montagne d’Ambre, in the vicinity of Les Roussettes ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 C. ochre dots). diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C40C66E1EB72985FAE523DC.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C40C66E1EB72985FAE523DC.xml index 5b5d29efce6..25a42765773 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C40C66E1EB72985FAE523DC.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C40C66E1EB72985FAE523DC.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis sogai Lees @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 A), Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, Matsabory, en dessous de l’Andohanisambirano [ @@ -105,12 +105,12 @@ Deposition MNHN : ♀ ( -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 B), data as HT but DCL-DB-3387; ♂ ( -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 C, genitalia), data as HT but DCL-DB-3388| 96 DL [genitalia]; ♀, data as HT but DCL-DB-3389. @@ -145,15 +145,15 @@ Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, Matsabory, en dessous de l’Andohanisambirano [est Diagnosis. - + Heteropsis subsimilis and - + Ht. avaratra are very similar, ventrally variegated species, whereas - + Ht. kremenae and @@ -161,23 +161,23 @@ and Ht. pauper tend to have the base of FWV costa orange. However, the HWV Mb is much more jagged in - + Ht. sogai than any other species of the - + Ht. subsimilis group, whereas - + Ht. avaratra tends to have a yellowish ventral cast. HWV darker band of the central symmetry system (area between Mb and PMb) narrows more distinctly costad than in any other species of the - + Ht. subsimilis group. Two of FWV Cbs taper and meet tergad, demarcating pale ochreous area that is this relatively triangular rather than relatively oblong as in - + Ht. avaratra , for example. See below regarding androconial organs. @@ -191,17 +191,17 @@ Upperside with rather uniform mid brown background colour. FWD space-CuA1 ocellu Androconia : Sdb HWD dark brown but underlying patch has not been examined in detail. There is a not particularly bulbous anteriad inflation (but with 3–4 septa visible) in R near the anterior portion of the HWD cell, unlike for - + Ht. subsimilis and - + Ht. avaratra (sp. “25”). M2-2A veins in ♂ HW are all linearly inflated ( Lees 1997: 96, -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 a, “39” ). @@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ a, “39” ♂ genitalia : 96DL, PT, MNHN (Tsaratanana; -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 C). Small, about 1.6 mm long, and with configuration typical of the - + Ht. subsimilis group; no obvious difference in shape of the genitalic components from other group members ( @@ -260,21 +260,21 @@ in MNHN from specimens collected at Tsaratanana in 1966 by P. Griveaud ). As a possible endemic of Tsaratanana, it is understandable that there is such little material of this species, all from this single collection in MNHN, except for one specimen in BMNH dating from before 1924, which is not included in the type series as it has a dubious locality label (see below). Due to its similarity to the relatively widespread - + Ht. subsimilis , it is also not surprising the species has not been described until now. All other available types of the - + Ht. subsimilis group have been examined (see under - + Ht. kremenae ). As well as the two ♂♂ and two ♀♀ of - + Ht. sogai from Tsaratanana, there is a single ♂ specimen labelled Beforo SE @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ from Tsaratanana, there is a single ♂ specimen labelled Beforo SE in BMNH. When I revisited the type locality (now, of - + Ht. sogai ) in @@ -301,13 +301,13 @@ and no place name has been traced exactly as such (in any case, the similar soun bears the same locality and accession label. - + FIGURE 16. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural posture (photos: D.C. Lees). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis sogai , @@ -317,13 +317,13 @@ Adults in DV (left), VV (right) for mounted specimens and adults in natural post (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB-3386). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. sogai (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB-3387). Scale bar: 30 mm. C : ♀ of - + Ht. kremenae Lees @@ -341,13 +341,13 @@ Lees (Vohitaly, Makira; 30/12/ 2002). E : ♀ of - + Ht. subsimilis (Ambohitantely; 6/12/2006); F : ♀ of - + Ht. avaratra Lees & Kremen @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ locality; and that in late 2013 of R. Ranaivosolo, pers. comm, to an adjacent ar : in the morphological analysis of Lees (1997) this taxon (“THTNN”) connected to - + Ht. avaratra (“TWNFV”), which might possibly be its sister (as in combined tree in @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ for a marshy area or small lake within forest. Distribution : RNI Tsaratanana, where putatively endemic ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 D, mid green dots). See above regarding other localities. diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C45C6611EB72DBAFED12521.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C45C6611EB72DBAFED12521.xml index a25781003cd..671eac37606 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C45C6611EB72DBAFED12521.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C45C6611EB72DBAFED12521.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis avaratra Lees & Kremen @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ material., Deposition : ♂ ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 C), Madagascar N, Montagne d'Ambre, @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ NORD MONTAGNE D’AMBRE LES ROUSSETTES 1000 m 25-V-1970 P. GRIVEAUD|DCL-DB-3381; ♀ [MNHN] ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 D), MADAGASCAR NORD Montagne d’Ambre Les Roussettes alt. @@ -275,16 +275,16 @@ N, Montagne d'Ambre, Diagnosis. compared with -Ht. avaratra +Ht. avaratra , Ht. subsimilis has the Rs ocellus on HWV usually quite prominent and - + Ht. sogai has the Mb and PMb strongly dentate between M1 and CuA2. Populations of - + Ht. avaratra in the northern reaches of the main rainforest belt can be hard to distinguish by wing pattern from the sympatric @@ -292,19 +292,19 @@ in the northern reaches of the main rainforest belt can be hard to distinguish b Ht. subsimilis though easily discriminated by DNA barcoding, but - + Ht. avaratra lacks an inflated M1-M2 vein ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 E), and the inflated vein below the Sdb basad of the fork of Rs+M1 is more symmetric (more rounded on the anteriad edge) in Ht. subsimilis ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 D). - + Ht. avaratra , especially from the topotypical population, has a more prominently ventral yellow cast than in other species including @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ D). Ht. subsimilis , and is not variegated with orange as in - + Ht. kremenae . @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ group. FWD space-CuA1 ocellus with black iris at least spanning CuA1-CuA2, with Ht. subsimilis group, and the area between Mb and PMb is finely irrorated in brown to a greater extent than other parts of the wing. FWV space-CuA1 ocellus with black iris same size as upperside and ring fairly subhexagonal and mainly yellow with gradation to orange towards tergal edge. The ring is slightly more pointed towards proximad edge where it hugs a strongly concave rufous brown Mb before it bends back to mid costa and Ore as a yellow hook like the small tail of a comma, representing the end of a spiral arm. FWV space-M1 ocellus as on upperside, slightly more conspicuous with a yellowish ring of background colour. On HWV, space-CuA1 ocellus is the largest as usual and subelliptic and including the concentric yellow ring spanning about 4/5 of veins CuA1-CuA2 (generally smaller than in - + Ht. kremenae ). HWV space-CuA2 ocellus not evident in the HT ♂. HWV space Rs-M3 ocellus reduced to white point often with narrow black iris and Orng blending with background. The FWV cell area has two unequal brown edged more yellow transverse Cbs, the distad one wider. There is no distinctly orange shoulder to the basal FWV costa, which is strigulated evenly with black. The HWV is highlighted with coronal-like yellow-ochreous flares distad of the Mb, particularly in M2, where the Mb is toothed outwards slightly at vein intersections M2, M3 and CuA1, inflexed proximad of ocellus space-CuA1 and bends back towards 1A. @@ -340,11 +340,11 @@ group, and the area between Mb and PMb is finely irrorated in brown to a greater Ht. subsimilis , but - + Ht. avaratra tends to be a larger species (see also -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 F). Mb well marked and sometimes more jagged-slightly inflexed than in HT, with yellow Mf in space-M2 distad of the Mb sometimes rectangular, although this character is not distinct in the HT specimen. HWV space-CuA2 ocellus pointlike in some specimens, or subelliptic with a pale yellow ring. HWV space-Rs-M3 ocelli usually but not always point-like with that of HWV space-Rs sometimes slightly more evident, as may be that of space-CuA2. FWV Cbs sometimes delineate indistinctly a third yellow band. @@ -378,9 +378,9 @@ F). Mb well marked and sometimes more jagged-slightly inflexed than in HT, with : 315DL (referred specimen, Joffreville); Lees (1997: 106, -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 f; “25”; -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 B) . Miniaturised, about @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ Torres (2001) shows 5.27% pairwise divergence (398 bp compared) of - + Ht. avaratra (‘sp. 25’) to @@ -440,16 +440,16 @@ shows 5.27% pairwise divergence (398 bp compared) of : in the morphological analysis of Lees 1997 , this taxon (“TWNFV”) connected to - + Heteropsis sogai (“THRNN”) but in only one (jackknife) tree with support ( Lees 1997: 157, -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 ). In their analysis of COII sequences (where - + Ht. sogai was the only member of the @@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ Torres (2001 : 366) had a meager 64% bootstrap support for a sister relation of - + Ht. avaratra , their “ @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ AY 040145 based on one individual from Ranomafana National Park). - + Ht. avaratra (as “sp. 25”) was however strongly supported as sister to @@ -501,9 +501,9 @@ Linares (2009 , p. 488, their -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 ) including COI or also EF-1a and wingless (p. 490, their -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). However, neither the latter study nor that of Kodandaramaiah @@ -511,11 +511,11 @@ Kodandaramaiah (2010) , which found the same relationship, included - + Ht. kremenae nor - + Ht. sogai (but that of @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ Torres 2001 , who found the same with COII, did include - + Ht. kremenae as their ‘ @@ -539,15 +539,15 @@ was included among the Ht. subsimilis group. - + Ht. kremenae is more distant to - + Ht. avaratra by COII data (see also description above). - + Ht. sogai might be its sister (as in combined tree in @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ group have been examined and are clearly distinct with their localities further south in Madagascar (see under - + Ht. kremenae ). @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ localities further south in Behaviour : unusually for - + Heteropsis , adults have been seen visiting @@ -619,14 +619,14 @@ flowers in Montagne d’Ambre (pers. obs.). Adults fly low and would usually fee Distribution : Montagne d’Ambre is an important locality but the species occurs in rainforest also in the main rainforest block from Tsaratanana to Makira ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 B, red dots). If -Ht. sogai +Ht. sogai , not sequenced, is not more closely related, - + Ht. avaratra might represent @@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ might represent Ht. subsimilis ’s replacement in Montagne d’Ambre, and in that case, - + Ht. avaratra has achieved sympatry and secondary contact with @@ -656,14 +656,14 @@ assigned a series of specimens in BMNH from Mahassabe [= Mahasoabe], forêt SE F Ht. subsimilis or another species (plus this location includes a range of material that seems more characteristic of northeastern localities, for example - + Ht. erebina ( Oberthür, 1916 ) ; see also - + Ht. tornado ). @@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ extract number], ; D.C. Lees: DL-05-183, IA205 [isotope voucher]; ♂ [ BMNH ] ( -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 B), N, Joffreville [ca. 12.483o S , diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6161EB728DCFCB92691.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6161EB728DCFCB92691.xml index 40c63f16e10..afe313d3836 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6161EB728DCFCB92691.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6161EB728DCFCB92691.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis lanyvary Lees @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Lees : sp. 67 ( Lees 1997 : 66, where considered the same species as - + Ht. ankova ; @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 A), Madagascar NW, Tsaratanana, piste Mangindrano-Antetykalambazaha, @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Deposition : ♀ ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 B), Madagascar NW, Tsaratanana, piste Mangindrano- Antetykalambazaha, flat grass-bamboo area, @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ barcode], IA294 [isotope voucher], 010289147 [ QTR barcode]; ♂ ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 B, right), same data as HT but DL-05-845, IA192 [isotope voucher], [thoracic fragment for KAP], NHMUK 010289148 [ @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ voucher; cytochrome b], 223-15 [ DNA barcode voucher]; B43 [‘andromap’]. ♂ ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 B, left), NW, Tsaratanana, [Ampidiranala], 14.1958o S , @@ -387,11 +387,11 @@ NW, Tsaratanana, near forest margin, Diagnosis. The species resembles most closely - + Ht. ankova from which there are no obvious ♂ genitalic differences. - + Ht. turbata and @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ and Ht. pallida can be told apart by a more irregular HWV Mb. The most obvious difference from - + Ht. ankova is the darker, much more sombre diffuse dark grey colouration, especially on the underside. @@ -409,34 +409,34 @@ is the darker, much more sombre diffuse dark grey colouration, especially on the Description. Wings : upperside uniform dark brown, with FW space-CuA1 ocellus with a wide orange ring which is generally quite concentric but apparently a little wider and more angled proximad. FWD space-M1 ocellus small and slightly elliptic with very narrow orange ring. HWD space-CuA1 ocellus is the main one expressed there, as well as to lesser extents those of space-M3 and space-M2, as in - + Ht. ankova . Hairbrush around space-1A region lacking. Underside dark greyish brown, darker than typical of - + Ht. ankova , with fine brown and ochreous irroration, especially in basal parts of wings. FWV space-CuA1 ocellus with large orange ring yellowing slightly proximad following the reddish brown concave curve of the Mb before it bends back indistinctly to mid-costa, terminating as if pinched at the base of vein M3 (a feature also displayed by - + Ht. ankova ). FWV space-M1 ocellus rather small and slightly elliptic with a white pupil with narrow black iris and with a narrow pale orange ring. On HWV, space- CuA1 ocellus quite small and slightly elliptic with a narrow black iris also and pale orange concentric ring. In HT, no other ocelli expressed on HWV. HWV Mb reddish brown, slightly broader than in - + Ht. ankova and fairly straight, but finely irregular, with a yellow Mf distad of it in lower basal part of space-M2. A reddish PMb mirrors shape of Mb at least as far as vein 1A. HWV area distad of Mb lighter due to a higher concentration of ochreous scales than the basal area, but as in - + Ht. ankova , more fuscous brown scales predominate in the marginal area from veins Rs to M3 particularly, giving the wing margin a slightly ‘singed’ appearance. FWV cell area with four brown rather equally spaced transverse Cbs delineating spaces highlighted by ochreous-yellow hair-scales. Variation. ♂♂ vary quite a bit in size and wing patterning. HWV ocelli in space M1 and M2 often visible as white points. Sexes similar. - + FIGURE 19. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis lanyvary Lees @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ Lees (Tsaratanana; NHMUK010289144). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. lanyvary (Tsaratanana; NHMUK010289145). @@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ Oberthür, 1916 Oberthür, 1916 (‘Madagascar’; BMNH(E) 673678; - + Ht. turbata (Butler, 1880)) @@ -508,9 +508,9 @@ Oberthür, 1916 ♂ genitalia : DL-05-761, PT ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 B, left); DL05-845, PT ( -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 B, right). Tegumen with fairly rounded proximad profile (LV) and rather flat dorsal profile (LV) and very slight brow leading to uncus which is about 1/3 longer than the dorsal edge of the tegumen whose DV features a large proximad rather ‘v’-shaped notch, and an uncus whose depth (LV) increases slightly towards midpoint and features a distinct ‘head’ and a small toothed down-hook at tip, while it is slightly inflated medially (DV). The gnathos emerges from a right-angled base and is widest at its attachment and smoothly downrecurved until not quite in line with tegumen-uncus (LV) and is sinuate and slightly outsplayed (DV), with pointed tips slightly incurved. The valve has a small angled dorsal ‘shoulder’ (LV) and is roughly broad-triangular featuring a stubby and uprecurved arm leading to a small club covered with spinoid setae and with inpointing spine from DV. Saccus bulbous, widening proximad (LV), rather long; aedeagus quite deep and relatively straight with about 3–5 small lateral teeth post-medially (also found in Ht. ankova @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ Refers to the practical consideration in finding this species that a trip to Tsa Discussion. Sparse historical material of - + Ht. lanyvary collected by R. Paulian at the @@ -542,11 +542,11 @@ series, but the species was discovered again recently in the field (in locality. All available types in the - + Ht. strigula group were examined (see also under - + Ht. roussettae , and elsewhere below). The most relevant is the HT ♂ of @@ -555,15 +555,15 @@ group were examined (see also under Ward, 1870 (BMNH(E) 673767) ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 C), lacking locality, from the Chris Ward collection, which differs in ventral wing colouration from all known samples of - + Ht. lanyvary . See also -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 and under - + Ht. tornado regarding @@ -577,13 +577,13 @@ and Culapa pallida ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 D) and Culapa ornata ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 E). @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ E). Ht. ankova ; nor was it treated in any prior molecular works but - + Ht. lanyvary is very likely to be the (at Tsaratanana, sympatric) sister species of @@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ Aduse-Poku Distribution : endemic as far as is known, to the Tsaratanana massif ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 C, olive dots). diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6691EB729A7FABD24EA.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6691EB729A7FABD24EA.xml index 896f0ee7108..44ab80713e3 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6691EB729A7FABD24EA.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C48C6691EB729A7FABD24EA.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Ht. ankova sub-group @@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ sub-group Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ) recovered - + Ht. ankova and - + Ht. turbata + @@ -66,25 +66,25 @@ and Ht. pallida within a grade at the base of the - + Ht. strigula group, so it is not certain that this sub-group is monophyletic, unlike the - + Ht. strigula sub-group (see below). In Lees (1997: 156) , these ‘ - + Ht. ankova subgroup’ species formed a morphological clade with - + Ht. tornado (‘FFTFR’). All these species feature expression of an ocellus in space-M3 and sometimes space-M2 of the HWD. The species occur in marshy areas near rainforest margins ( - + Ht. turbata and diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543.xml index 2d55aacc634..2cd6c5ec642 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC6691EB72A7CFAA72543.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Torres 2001 : 462—where considered to belong to an unsampled clade); “Heteopsis_sp.nov_ -tornado +tornado ” [ sic , @@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ Torres , 2015. - + FIGURE 17. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♀ of - + Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku @@ -92,31 +92,31 @@ Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku (NHMUK010289143; Anjanaharibe Sud). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. tornado (Marojejy; KAP-MAD1403). C : ♂ of - + Ht. tornado (‘Mahassabe’) [from colour transparency]. D : ♀ of - + Ht. tornado (‘Mahassabe’; BMNH(E) #674881). Scale bar: 30 mm. - + FIGURE 18. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A : - + Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku @@ -128,20 +128,20 @@ Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku , ♂ genitalia (‘Mahassabe’; 362DL) (detail of valve inset; drawing modified after Lees, 1997: 106); not to scale. B : ♂ genitalia of - + Ht. lanyvary . (left: DL-05-761; right: DL-05-845). C : ♂ genitalia of - + Heteropsis barbarae sp. nov. (Antsamanarana R., Masoala; CK30, 141DL). D : ♂ genitalia of - + Heteropsis menamenoides Lees @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♀ ( -Fig. 17 +Fig. 17 A), Madagascar NE, R.S. Anjanaharibe Sud, slope above R. Marolakana, road between Befingotra and Analamazava, @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Deposition : ♀ ( -Fig. 17 +Fig. 17 B), Madagascar NE, P.N. Marojejy, @@ -243,26 +243,26 @@ Anjanaharibe Sud, slope above R. Marolakana, Diagnosis. The species is very distinctive especially on the underside (see -Fig. 17 +Fig. 17 ) and not readily confused with any other species. It has a superficial resemblance though on the dorsal surface to Ht. iboina . -Ht. tornado +Ht. tornado is significantly larger than the typical small size of the four known members of (see Lees, 1997 ) of the - + Ht. strigula group ( -Ht. ankova +Ht. ankova , -Ht. lanyvary +Ht. lanyvary , -Ht. turbata +Ht. turbata and @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ and ) (three members of which formed a paraphylum in the study of Aduse-Poku et al. , 2015), which like - + Ht. tornado routinely show expression of HWD ocellus M3. Including referred specimens, the ♂ and ♀ are similar, but the three known ♀♀ are larger than the one known ♂. @@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ routinely show expression of HWD ocellus M3. Including referred specimens, the Description. Wings : upperside uniform mid brown, with a reddish-orange flush in the basal areas of both wings. FWD space-CuA1 ocellus with black iris more than spanning veins CuA1-CuA2. Orng very large, subhexagonal, orange, spanning from upper part of space-M3 down to upper half of 1A. Space-M1 ocellus is slightly elliptic (especially on the HT right FW) and quite large in comparison with Malagasy - + Heteropsis , with a quite wide black iris and narrow orange ring, which extends slightly into space-M2. In HWD three subelliptic ocelli are expressed, the smallest in space-M2, but whose ring is almost contiguous with the ring of the largest of these ocelli in space-M3 whose ring nearly spans veins M3-CuA1, the second largest and most elliptic below it in space-CuA1 spanning about ¾ of inter-vein distance CuA1-CuA2. This is an eyespot expression configuration seen in the - + Ht. ankova clade, which is reminiscent also of ‘ @@ -298,30 +298,30 @@ clade, which is reminiscent also of ‘ ( Marshall , 1880) in the Western Ghats. Proximad of the smallest HWD ocellus, whose ring is about half the diameter of the largest, an orange Mf (median fleck) or crescent mark hugs vein M3 as far as its intersection with Mb (faintly visible on HWD). This Mf is a characteristic of quite a few species of the - + Ht. strigula group, most markedly so in - + Ht. strigula . HW distinctly crenate (as strongly so as in - + Ht. bicristata ), outwardly reflexed to each darker part of the fringe (forming in effect very convex tails) at the end of veins Rs-CuA1. Underside has an ochreous yellow cast, irrorated with rufous brown especially proximad of the Mb. FWV space-CuA1 Orng varying from light orange to darker orange towards the tergum, where occupying the width of space-1A, its Ore (ocellus ring extension) forming a ‘tornado’ pattern comprising the pale light orange-yellow outer arm of, in effect, a spiral., The paler yellowish colour of this outer arm of the spiral contrasts with the eccentric, elliptic to sub-hexagonal shape of the FWV Orng; such a pattern is evident, with the proximad yellow arm not usually as well separated costad, in a few other Malagasy - + Heteropsis which would be placed in different clades, such as Ht. iboina , -Ht. kremenae +Ht. kremenae , and - + Ht. undulans ( Oberthür, 1916 @@ -370,11 +370,11 @@ Refers in particular to the tornado-like markings, the sporadic rarity of this s of a relictual member of a greatly diversified lineage (Aduse- Poku et al. , 2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ). In different endemic radiating mycalesine clades in Madagascar , there is a trend towards reduction of the number of ocelli expressed in the upperside HW, so its configuration might also be correlated with a typically more open habitat, such as the marshy areas typical for - + Ht. turbata . @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ This species was first discovered by myself in an uncurated drawer of the Oberth ), with a unique ♂ and ♀ labelled as from ‘Mahassabe’ (see Referred specimens), collection dating pre-1923 ( Lees, 1997: 65 ). Because of the distance of the locality of these specimens from recent material and the uncertainty of the labels (see also above under - + Ht. sogai ) they are not actually included in the type series. The exceptional rarity of this distinctive species, despite intensive prior sampling from the 1890s to the present in the Fianarantsoa (?) and Marojejy-Anjanaharibe Sud areas, is noteworthy. Perhaps this species has naturally small populations, or normally occupies a particular niche that has not been properly sampled and difficult of access, such as open cliff slopes, like the spectacular habitat facing ‘Camp II Marojejya’. Mahasoabe (‘Mahassabe’; -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 D, lower brown dot) is a village located at around 1100 m , and its surroundings are largely deforested today, but the nearest primary forest is over @@ -402,17 +402,17 @@ D, lower brown dot) is a village located at around to the east, and assumed plantations or secondary forest can be viewed on Google Earth from 4 km to the west. The corresponding printed label is perhaps anyway as mentioned before unreliable, considering that that the same label is placed on series of characteristically northern and lowland species like - + Ht. erebina . The species is distinctive enough to be unmistakable, but all available types in the - + Ht. subsimilis and - + Ht. strigula groups were examined. In particular I checked the STs of @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ groups were examined. In particular I checked the STs of (which was synonymised by d’Abrera, 1980 : 182 with - + Ht. turbata (Butler, 1880) @@ -432,9 +432,9 @@ groups were examined. In particular I checked the STs of Culapa ornata ( -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 E, representing - + Ht. turbata ), here designated: BMNH(E) 673678, @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ of Oberthür, 1916 (LT ♂, missing abdomen, -Fig. 19 +Fig. 19 D, here designated, bearing label: “ Madagascar , Antsianaka, Perrot Freres, 2e Semestre 1890”|BMNH(E) 673775”; PLT ♂, BMNH(E) 673779 and ♀♀ BMNH(E) 673776 (illustrated in @@ -485,27 +485,27 @@ Mabille, 1880 Additional information. ♂ genitalia: 362DL (referred specimen, -Fig. 18 +Fig. 18 A): about 2 mm long; from LV, tegumen with bent down to fairly straight uncus leading to downward hook at tip without a distinct ‘head’. Gnathos from square base narrow and tapered, slightly uprecurved to tip. Hinge with vinculum wider than half maximum dimension of tegumen. Saccus rather short, stubby and bulbous. Aedeagus distinctly longer than valve, fairly stout, uprecurved distad of ostium. Valves fairly short, arms uprecurved and leading to club, which has spinoid setae at the end and a distinct ‘beak’ pointing dorsad/mesad. The overall impression is a similarity to genitalia of some of the - + Ht. strigula group (valves not symmetrically ‘skittle’-shaped’ from LV as in - + Ht. subsimilis group and rather uncus is more straight from LV; Lees 1997 : 106, -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 f). The genitalia of - + Ht. turbata are actually quite similar to those of - + Ht. tornado . @@ -515,20 +515,20 @@ are actually quite similar to those of DNA divergences : COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4939 (exemplar BMAD192-15, DL14A-0245), closest to members of - + Ht. strigula group, e.g. 6.7% divergent to - + Ht. barbarae sp. nov and 8.3% to - + Ht. turbata and a similar distance to - + Ht. ankova . @@ -538,28 +538,28 @@ and a similar distance to : Lees (1997: 156) had over 96% jackknife support for a sister relation of - + Ht. tornado (“FFTFR”) with the - + Ht. ankova ‘clade’ of (then three) species, but this resolution appeared only in the total evidence parsimony analysis. The species would therefore be tentatively placed in the - + Ht. strigula group based on morphological features and support. Molecular sequencing of multiple genes provides evidence - + Ht. tornado is sister to all others of the - + Ht. strigula group, including the ‘ ‘ - + Ht. ankova ’ sub-group (Aduse-Poku @@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ group, including the ‘ Distribution : Marojejy, Anjanaharibe Sud; (?) Mahasoabe, SE of Fianarantsoa ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 D, dark brown dots). diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D.xml index 3d18404e4d9..22fdf9f07e8 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C4FC66E1EB72FD1FAB4267D.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis strigula group @@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ group The - + Ht. strigula species group (the ‘ - + strigula 15 ’ group of @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Torres , 2001 ), now including - + Ht. tornado described here (Aduse-Poku @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Torres 2001 ) supported by mitochondrial DNA (COII and cytochrome b). Eight species sampled within it that include - + Ht. ankova (Ward, 1870) @@ -92,15 +92,15 @@ Lees, 1997 in a separate group, (the - + Ht. ankova clade of the - + Ht. strigula group that sometimes included - + Ht. tornado ) are united by a single C->T transversion in the highly conserved 28SDDFF region that is not observed elsewhere in the @@ -114,17 +114,17 @@ Monaghan ). Now with the ten gene study of Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, see -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 and Suppl. File S4) that included 13 sampled members, the slightly expanded - + Ht. strigula group is shown to be the wellsupported sister of the - + Ht. subsimilis clade, which might possibly be (with submarginal bootstrap support) sister to a clade consisting of - + Ht. narcissus ( @@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ clade, which might possibly be (with submarginal bootstrap support) sister to a Balletto & Lees, 2012 ) + - + Ht. ankaratra . Five sampled members of the - + Ht. strigula group were submarginally supported (pp=0.86) in the three-gene study of @@ -147,19 +147,19 @@ Kodandaramaiah (2010) . As for the - + Ht. subsimilis group, ♂♂ and ♀♀ are similar, apart mainly from size and androconial and/or inflated HW vein differences. ♀♀ of some species are as yet unknown. Both sexes are attracted strongly to fruit as adults, do not fly high, and seem to specialise on forest (or sometimes marshland) grasses. Most species (apart from - + Ht. tornado , and from the members -Ht. ankova +Ht. ankova , - + Ht. turbata (Butler, 1880) @@ -175,15 +175,15 @@ that were recovered as sister to the rest of the group in : 156, although equivocally, see Lees, 1997 : 168, and also apart from - + Ht. roussettae described below) show reduction in ocellus expression in the HW, so that only the space- CuA1 ocellus is expressed, as apparently parallelled in the - + Ht. subsimilis group, as described above. Var i ou s species show from LV a combination of relatively straight or gently sinuate ‘neck’ to the uncus before the apical hook, a relatively asymmetric valve base and the extensive development of spinoid setae on the valve tips, and a few members (belonging to - + Ht. angulifascia clade) show a striking planification of the gnathos into an ear-like structure, and wavy androconial tufts from HW space-CuA2 sometimes correlate with ventral androconial scale patches. The main radiation occurs throughout the eastern rainforest biome, but one member, @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ clade) show a striking planification of the gnathos into an ear-like structure, , also occurs in Western Madagascar . - + Ht. turbata and @@ -204,11 +204,11 @@ and Ht. pallida are unusual in that they occur outside forest margins in marshy areas, whereas - + Ht. ankova as well as - + Ht. lanyvary diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC.xml index df55fd29463..a681d025cb5 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis pauliani Lees @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 C, MNHN ), @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ extract, cytochrome b]; Deposition MNHN : ♀ ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 D), [ Madagascar NW], Mt. Tsaratanana, @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, en dessous de l’Andohanisambirano [position estim Diagnosis. No really similar species even in the - + Ht. drepana group. This species is very distinctive in possessing tails on the HW margin, giving it a superficial resemblance at least dorsally to a species of the @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ group. This species is very distinctive in possessing tails on the HW margin, gi Ht. antahala group. The long tails distinguish it also from the perhaps quite closely related - + Ht. imerina . @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ wingspan. ♂ genitalia : 97DL (PT, -Fig. 11 +Fig. 11 B): from LV, tegumen with distinct brow towards scythe-hooked uncus which is relatively broad at base and narrow in middle. Uncus slightly longer than dorsal profile of tegumen. Constriction at hinge with vinculus is relatively broad, about 2/3 length of tegumen. Gnathos fairly straight and tapered and slightly downcurved pointing towards dorsal edge of uncus. Valves quite long with a slight ventral elbow at base of arm and flattened blades strongly covered in spinoid setae on mesad face of distal club, those at the edge appearing like saw-tooth serrae. Valves protrude almost the full length of club beyond uncus tip. Saccus not especially long and up-bent. Aedeagus nearly full length of valve, quite long proximad of ostium and slightly recurved distad of it. @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ B): from LV, tegumen with distinct brow towards scythe-hooked uncus which is rel After the pioneering French entomologist the late Rector Renaud Paulian ( 1913–2003 ), who described two - + Heteropsis taxa and discovered the first known specimens of this species on Madagascar’s highest mountain a lifetime ago. @@ -294,11 +294,11 @@ in . All available types within the - + Ht. drepana group have been examined and the species is distinct from any - + Heteropsis hitherto described. @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ hitherto described. Additional information. DNA divergences: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4997 (exemplar MTSBR, BMAD234-15), 6.08% divergent to - + Ht. viettei (Anjanaharibe Sud; exemplar BMAD137-15, DL14A-0196, cluster number BOLD:AAK5839) and with a similar divergence to a few other related species. In their COII dataset ( @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ Torres 2001 ), with 422 bp comparable, - + Ht. pauliani (accession @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ AY ), based on a single individual, is closest (5% pairwise divergent) to “ H. sp. 32” (?also = - + H. viettei ; @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ AY 040143 ), based on one ♂ from Andohahela. It is considerably more pairwise divergent, about 7.67%, in the same COII dataset (417 bp compared) to - + Ht. imerina (their ‘ @@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ AY 040150 , based on two ♂♂ from Ankazomivady, an exemplar of which is illustrated in -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 E). This last taxon is also only marginally different from, and undoubtedly conspecific with (see - + Ht. imerina description below) ‘ @@ -374,17 +374,17 @@ Torres : sister group uncertain, without agreement so far between molecules and morphology (but see Aduse-Poku et al. , 2015; 2016, in press, where sister to - + Ht. imerina in combined tree). Based on parsimony analysis of morphological characters, Lees (1997: 156, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ) had over 96% jackknife support for a sister relationship between - + Ht. pauliani @@ -393,18 +393,18 @@ had over 96% jackknife support for a sister relationship between (“THRSV”) and Ht. 76 (“SVTSX”) + - + Ht. imerina (“TWNTW”), while - + Ht. westwoodi sp. nov. (THRTB) and - + Ht. viettei (THRTN) fell in the next branch down. In their cladistic parsimony analysis of COII sequences, @@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ Torres (2001 : 467) found a topological relationship, although with meagre 51% bootstrap support, for a clade consisting of - + Ht. pauliani (their @@ -424,13 +424,13 @@ Torres sp. 74’ + ‘ H . sp. 32’ (taxa from Andohahela and Anjanaharibe Sud, respectively that were fully supported as sisters; but they did not include - + Ht. viettei ( H . sp. 13) nor - + Ht. westwoodi ( @@ -455,18 +455,18 @@ AY 040169 ( - + Heteropsis laetifica ( Oberthür, 1916 ) , Analalava, a species in the - + Ht. strigula group), whereas the real morphospecies 74 should be either closely related, if not conspecific, with - + Ht. viettei Lees, 2003 @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ Lees, 2003 Distribution : endemic to the mountain ranges between Tsaratanana and Anjanaharibe Sud, as far as is known ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 A, dark green dots). Due to a formatting error, the locality was incorrectly given in Table 1 of Torres @@ -516,13 +516,13 @@ as Andohahela, instead of its true provenance in the line below, Anjanaharibe Su Conservation : probably the highest elevation - + Heteropsis in Madagascar . Not likely in imminent danger by habitat destruction. - + Ht. pauliani likely occurs on a number of high and rather inaccessible peaks or ridges across its range. It might however be endangered by global warming. No individuals were found in a lower elevational transect up to diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C54C6711EB72966FF2221A3.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C54C6711EB72966FF2221A3.xml index 87fc6c386da..5f460f837ed 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C54C6711EB72966FF2221A3.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C54C6711EB72966FF2221A3.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis westwoodi Lees @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Lees ] (Aduse-Poku et al., 2015: -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ). @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 A), Madagascar SE, Vohitrasiva, near ridge, " @@ -171,17 +171,17 @@ E, Vohitrasiva, Andringitra, Diagnosis. There is only one particularly similar species to - + Ht. westwoodi : - + Ht. viettei has a similar white band distad of the HWV Mb, but is generally smaller and much more widely distributed (sympatric in Fianarantsoa province) in Madagascar . Among related species, - + Ht. harveyi ♂♂ have yellow rather than whitish highlighting distad of the Mb in some forms. @@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ has a similar white band distad of the HWV Mb, but is generally smaller and much : dorsal surface fairly uniform dark brown, darker in area of cell and above towards costa. FWD space-CuA1 ocellus expressed, roughly circular, its black iris spanning inter-vein distance CuA1-CuA2, with a narrow concentric dark orange ring. HWD space-cuA1 ocellus elliptic, with a black iris spanning more than half intervein distance CuA1-CuA2, and a dark orange ring relatively slightly broader than in the FWD and nearly spanning the intervein distance. No other ocelli expressed on FWD. A dark Sml quite closely hugs the margin in both wings and both surfaces. HW margin moderately and evenly crenulate, with rather blunt dark blackish brown tails on the otherwise violet-grey-brown fringe. Ventral surface with a light grey-violet cast, especially on the HW. FWV ocellus space-CuA1 is circular and same size as on the FWD with a concentric quite narrow orange ring. M1 ocellus FWV fairly small and circular with black iris and faint narrow orange ring. A small ocellus with very small black iris is expressed just below the M1 ocellus FWV. In the HWV the space-CuA1 ocellus is as on the HWD and space-R5-M3 ocelli are expressed as very small white points. Mb irregular, strongly concave from the margin to M2 where it forms a cusp, then strongly and irregularly indented and maximally concave in space-CuA1, convex again in space-CuA2 and concave again to vein 1A+2A where it terminates. The Mb HWV delineates a relatively darker brown irrorated area proximad to the PMb that only slightly repeats the shape of the Mb. Distad of the Mb from veins M2-1A is a clear white band, also irregular, with prominence in space M2 and maximum width proximad of space-CuA1 ocellus, tapering to 1A+2A with a slight expansion in Space-CuA2. Distad of this white band is a slightly paler brown area irrorated less densely with darker brown than the band in the more basal area. Patterning on the FWV is fairly uniform, darker proximad of the Mb that is concave around the space-CuA1 ocellus and recurves back towards mid-costa, with indications of three or four paler stripes above the cell. There is slightly paler brown highlighting in premarginal area just proximad of the dark Sml. Variation. A PT ♂ (DL95- 0001) has a much stronger violet-grey cast, especially to the HWV. Sexually dimorphic ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 A–B), ♀ larger and lighter in referred specimen BMNH(E) #674842 ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 B), but similar in ventral patterning, although with a more contrasting darker band between the HWV PMb and Mb. @@ -223,12 +223,12 @@ B), but similar in ventral patterning, although with a more contrasting darker b : 236DL, PT ♂ from Vohitraseva ( Lees, 1997: 109, - + Fig. 7 i, “13B”; see -Fig. 11 +Fig. 11 A ). From LV, a very shallowly domed tegumen with a rather straight dorsal edge profile and slight brow leads to a ‘hand-scythe’-shaped uncus, which is fairly evenly deep except towards the tip of the hook, where it features more of a ‘head’ dorsad; very thin from DV. Tegumen with wide ‘U’-shaped proximad notch, from LV proximad profile bending round sharply to a constriction at junction with vinculum. This ‘waist’ is over half the maximum dimension of the tegumen (and thus the tegumen does not have a quadrate shape from LV). Valve with a very prominent convex dorsal ‘shoulder’ making up part of an oblong shape which leads to the narrow quite tapering and fairly straight valve arms, which are ventrally slightly elbowed and with a very slightly expanded club extending beyond the uncus tip, with a dorsal tooth and with a slightly incurved, rather blunt and serrate distal region (pointed and somewhat incurved from DV); this club covered in an array of spinoid setae on its mesad face. Gnathos from rightangled base pointing in line with the uncus tip in its porrect position, relatively straight and tapered to pointed tip and with negligible serration; from DV slightly sinuate and inrecurved at tip. Saccus moderately extended and markedly inflated proximad, less than a third of total valve length. Aedeagus very thin, dorsoventrally flattened and uprecurved in distad half, with a long ostium proximad, proximad tip rather semicircular from DV. Juxta quite prominent proximad and keel-like from LV, bilobed from DV. @@ -238,11 +238,11 @@ A Etymology. After John Obadiah Westwood, founder of the genus - + Heteropsis and describer of the remarkable - + Heteropsis drepana . The Hope Department of Entomology at Oxford, that Westwood founded, contains a number of other interesting species from @@ -270,22 +270,22 @@ was examined and belongs to a not closely related species, as discussed above. T Butler, 1879 was also examined (BMNH(E) #674838) together with its genitalic slide dissection (P. Viette no. 4847; see also above) and this species (now known as - + Heteropsis viettei Lees, 2003 ) is clearly not conspecific, despite the superficial similarity to - + Ht. westwoodi of Pl. 5, -Figs. 6 +Figs. 6 , -7 +7 of Mabille ([1885] ). The specimen represents - + Ht. viettei , as discussed above. @@ -297,13 +297,13 @@ of 2015) from Ambondrombe). - + FIGURE 10. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis westwoodi Lees @@ -314,13 +314,13 @@ Lees (Vohitrasiva, Andringitra; NHMUK010289130). B : referred ♀ of - + Ht. westwoodi (Andohahela, Antananandava, Andohahela; BMNH(E) #674842). C : HT ♂ of - + Ht. pauliani Lees @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Lees (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB-2966; MNHN). D : PT ♀ of - + Ht. pauliani (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB-2975; MNHN). Scale bar: 30 mm. @@ -341,21 +341,21 @@ Lees Phylogeny/sister species : apparently most closely related to - + Ht. harveyi (cluster number BOLD:ACW5694 and to - + Ht. viettei (BOLDAAK5839). Lees (1997) recovered - + Ht. westwoodi (as ‘THRTB’) as sister to - + Ht. viettei (‘THRTN’), based on all morphological evidence, genitalic characters, and non-genitalic characters, but without any jackknife support. @@ -365,16 +365,16 @@ Aduse-Poku (2016 , in press) confirm it as sister to - + Ht. viettei . - + FIGURE 11. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A: ♂ genitalia of - + Heteropsis westwoodi Lees @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ Lees sp. nov. (Antanandava, Andohahela; 236DL). B: - + Ht. pauliani , ♂ genitalia, PT ♂ (Tsaratanana; 97DL). @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ Lees : endemic to the southeastern mountains of Madagascar from Andohahela north to Andringitra, Mt. Ambondrombe and Mt Maharira, Ranomafana National Park ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 A, pink dots). @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ extract number], 243-15 [ DNA barcode number]; ♀ ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 B), SE, PN Andohahela, Antananandava, 1200 m , diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C5AC67A1EB729EDFCB32348.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C5AC67A1EB729EDFCB32348.xml index 8b721058cd7..ba3f6beb148 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C5AC67A1EB729EDFCB32348.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C5AC67A1EB729EDFCB32348.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis subsimilis group @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ group The ‘ - + subsimilis 7’ species group (after @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Linares presented a supported phylogeography of relationships of three species. Recently though, Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ) found strong support for three sampled species namely Ht. subsimilis @@ -157,40 +157,40 @@ and Ht. comorana , which clade they recovered as sister to 13 sampled species of the - + Ht. strigula group, including - + Ht. tornado sp. nov. and the - + Ht. ankova subgroup (see below). ♂ genitalia have valve tips with a stout inward projecting spine that fall far short of the uncus extension; from LV, the uncus is inflated before its tip. The ♂ genitalia are in fact remarkably miniaturised compared to other - + Heteropsis , only around 1.7 mm in length (apart from those of - + Ht. tornado which is about 2 mm long, it can be seen in figures here that those of the - + Ht. strigula group are generally between 2–3 mm long and the - + Ht. drepana and @@ -202,15 +202,15 @@ groups are more than three mm long and exhibit extension of particular parts). I Ht. subsimilis group, yet only in the - + Ht. drepana group is there a tendency to reduction or even loss (the supra-discocellular patch of - + Ht. narova ) of parts of the androconial system (perhaps regained in - + Ht. drepana only). Atrophication of the genitalic system may be compensated for in a different, possibly androconial character system. Phenotypically, adult ♂♂ and ♀♀ of the @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ only). Atrophication of the genitalic system may be compensated for in a differe Ht. subsimilis group are similar, nearly monomorphic except in size, but for simple androconia in the ♂ discocellular region and an inflated HW vein system also found in the - + Ht. strigula group. In the @@ -226,11 +226,11 @@ group. In the Ht. subsimilis group, this system features a set of linearly rather than bulbously inflated veins in the ♂ HW ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ; Lees, 1997 : 96). As predominant in the - + Ht. strigula group, all species have the reduced ocellus configuration of the HWD, with only that in space CuA1 expressed as well as often that in space Rs; the morphological ‘total evidence’ phylogenetic hypotheses of @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ that the Ht. subsimilis group is sister to only part of the - + Ht. strigula group (see also @@ -256,10 +256,10 @@ Kodandaramaiah (2010 , -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ) would imply that this configuration of HWD reduction is convergent between these two sister species groups (only with a gain of expression in HWD space-M 3 in - + Ht. roussettae diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C5BC6651EB72FAAFA9326FE.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C5BC6651EB72FAAFA9326FE.xml index e31f711e782..707be4dc625 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C5BC6651EB72FAAFA9326FE.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C5BC6651EB72FAAFA9326FE.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis kremenae Lees @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 A), Madagascar NE, Ambavaony R. [= Ambanivony R.], R. Onive (Ankavanana), E Masoala, @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ barcode]; ♂, NE, Ambavaony R., E. Masoala, 010289138 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 B), NE, Masoala Peninsula, Manosona, 45 m @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ voucher], E4 [egg voucher: “3 greenish eggs expressed 29/11”], 010289140 [ QTR barcode]; ♂ ( -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 A), NE, Masoala E, Ambanivony [=Ambavaony], 15.288o S , @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Apparently most similar to Ht. subsimilis and - + Ht. avaratra @@ -385,11 +385,11 @@ showed for one specimen that the veins that were significantly inflated along th ♂ genitalia : 19DL, PT ( -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 A); Lees (1997: 106, -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 f; “14A”) : from LV: miniaturised, about @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ were also examined (LT ♂, here designated, that illustrated by Butler, 1879 (BMNH(E) #674882) was examined ( -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 A), with which species Culapa undulata @@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ A), with which species : 185 was unable to locate) has been synonymised (Lees et al., 2003) (LT ♂, here designated, -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 C, bearing labels “ Lectotype | @@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ Culapa undulata ) of Culapa undulata Oberthür ”|BMNH(E) #674883; Oberthür specified as STs 190 other ♂♂ (including BMNH(E) #674885) and 58 ♀♀ (including BMNH(E) #674884, -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 B, illustrated in Oberthür 1916 : P. 367, f. 3065 and BMNH(E) #674886), which are then automatically PLTs of @@ -494,13 +494,13 @@ B, illustrated in ). - + FIGURE 13. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis kremenae , Lees @@ -511,13 +511,13 @@ Adults in DV (left), VV (right). (Ambavaony R., Masoala; NHMUK010289135). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. kremenae (Masoala; NHMUK010289139). C : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis avaratra Lees & Kremen @@ -528,13 +528,13 @@ Lees & Kremen (Montagne d’Ambre; NHMUK010289141). D : PT ♀ of - + Ht. avaratra (Montagne d’Ambre, Les Roussettes; DCL-DB-3385, MNHN). - + FIGURE 14. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). @@ -579,13 +579,13 @@ Oberthür, 1916 (‘Antakares’; BMNH(E) #674890). Scale bar: 30 mm. - + FIGURE 15. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right) unless otherwise stated. A : - + Heteropsis kremenae Lees @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ Lees (Masoala, Ambanivony; 19DL). B : - + Ht. avaratra Lees & Kremen @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ Lees & Kremen (315DL, referred specimen, Joffreville). C : - + Heteropsis sogai Lees @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ PT (Tsaratanana; 96DL, MNHN), LV, SV. Scale bar: 3 mm. Additional information. DNA divergences : cluster number BOLD:ACW4937 (exemplar BMAD249-15, Marojejy), diverges by 5.47% from that of - + H. avaratra (cluster number BOLD:AAD0195, exemplar BMAD016- 09) and by about 5.5% from that of @@ -635,13 +635,13 @@ Torres (2001) dataset, a COII sequence for - + Ht. kremenae (their “ Hen . sp. 14A”) from Masoala is 7.03% pairwise divergent to - + Ht. avaratra from Montagne d’Ambre ( @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ AY 040133 , 414 bp compared). Meanwhile, - + Ht. avaratra and @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ Linares Phylogeny/sister species : - + Ht. kremenae is likely most closely related to @@ -743,13 +743,13 @@ is likely most closely related to Ht. subsimilis and - + Ht. avaratra . Lees (1997) did not resolve the position of - + Ht. kremenae ‘FRTNA’] within the @@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ Aduse-Poku Distribution : endemic to lowland rainforest in the northeast of the rainforest belt and Masoala Peninsula ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 B, dark blue dots), with a preference for riparian areas. diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C5EC67C1EB7292BFD3E27E9.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C5EC67C1EB7292BFD3E27E9.xml index 6796f7267b2..dfd2ebc7d05 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C5EC67C1EB7292BFD3E27E9.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C5EC67C1EB7292BFD3E27E9.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis imerina Lees @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 C), Madagascar E, Mantadia National Park, Jofa, near bridge, @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ barcode]; E. route d’Anosibe VI-1966 /MUSEUM PARIS COLL. G. DUJARDIN DEL. ET R. VIOSSAT|DCL-DB-2908; ♀ ( -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 D), Madagascar Est, route de Lakato km 15, Ankasoka @@ -186,41 +186,41 @@ E., Mantadia National Park, Jofa, near bridge, Diagnosis. Very distinct by its shorter HW tails from the somewhat similar - + Ht. pauliani sp. nov. , where potentially (see discussion) sympatric (from RS Anjanaharibe Sud to RNI Tsaratanana). - + Heteropsis harveyi is the species most likely to be confused in the main central-eastern rainforest block, from which - + Ht. imerina differs by lack of an androconial patch on the FWV, by the proximad inflexion of the HWV medial band around ocellus space-CuA1 being rather sharply angled, and by the more evenly pronounced HW tails of the former, as for the other small dark species (in the case of ♂♂). - + Ht. vanewrighti sp. nov. , - + Ht. viettei and - + Ht. westwoodi are easily distinguished from - + Ht. imerina by their whitish highlighting distad of the HWV Mb, which in - + Ht. imerina ♂♂ is yellowish, sometimes with a reddish suffusion proximad of the space-CuA1 ocellus. @@ -230,15 +230,15 @@ by their whitish highlighting distad of the HWV Mb, which in Description. Wings : upperside uniform mid to dark brown (costad area not much darker) with space-CuA1 ocellus well expressed on FWD, with a round concentric orange-reddish ring, its black iris almost spanning or spanning CuA1-CuA2, and the Orng compromising these veins and moderately narrow and eccentric. FWD space- M1 ocellus not evident. HWD space-CuA1 ocellus also hardly evident. FWV space-CuA1 ocellus similar size to FWD and marginally more eccentric with mid orange ring slightly skewed to tergum. Space-M1 ocellus much smaller and with a small black iris and a faint mid orange ring; that in space-M2 almost reduced to a small white spot. HWV space-CuA1 ocellus relatively small compared with others of - + Ht. drepana group and subelliptic with a narrow mid orange ring. Other HWV ocelli, particularly those of spaces Rs-M3, also of space-CuA2-1A, expressed as white spots. Ventral wing background colour with a distinct dark reddish brown cast. FWV more uniform than HWV but paler towards tergal angle with a pale ochreous mark near costa towards apex, HWV lighter brown distad of Mb. This dark russet brown Mb is irregularly snaking, concave around its intersection with M1, convex around that with M2, curving back to the deepest concavity in space-CuA1 and convex again near vein CuA2 before terminating at 1A. This line is highlighted with ochreous admixture with reddish brown scales distad of it and sombrely shaded proximad of it, with a more consistent irroration with russet brown contrasting with more ochreous brown scales in the basal areas; the basal HWV areas are thus relatively dark in the ♂, while the PMb is indistinct and basad of it is also ochreous highlighted. Before the margin in both wings is a slightly more ochreous highlighting and a double thin russet-brown Pml (pre-marginal line), the outer of which follows the margin, which is lightly crenate. The slightly more prominent but short dark brown ‘tail’ is at the end of M3, which can be a field character distinguishing from similar members of the - + Ht. drepana group, particularly in the ♀ ( -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 D). Variation. ♂♂ vary quite a lot in their underside colouration, and the HWD space-CuA1 ocellus is sometimes expressed. White spots not always evident on HWV. ♀ is similar but larger, lighter brown on upperside and with more ochreous cast on upperside with PMb and Mb russet brown on HWV, thus more pronounced. In apparent dry seasonal forms, the HWV ocelli can be very reduced. @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ by Claire Kremen ( ) and as sp. 76 by the same worker in 1995–1996 at Anjanaharibe Sud, but there were earlier collections, mostly represented in MNHN. The morphospecies ‘sp. 76’ (Anjanaharibe Sud) is definitely referable to - + Ht. imerina , although its ♂ genitalia had been considered distinct in @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ at Anjanaharibe Sud, but there were earlier collections, mostly represented in M ; spp. ‘22’ and ‘76’ were recovered anyway as sister taxa in Lees (1997: 156) , but the recent discovery by myself of additional populations with adult phenotype similar to - + Ht. imerina from Manongarivo through Tsaratanana to Marojejy and Anjanaharibe Sud suggest the species is indeed quite widespread. A deeper study of variation in the genitalic variation would be interesting, especially if backed up by molecular sequences; the study of @@ -304,11 +304,11 @@ also showed minimal differences in COII (see below). : 154DL (not in type series, -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 C): from LV, tegumen with fairly straight dorsal profile (strong v-shaped notch proximad from DV), leading to narrowly scythe-hooked uncus without a strong ventral ‘dewlap’. Gnathos relatively thin and sinuate, tapering, first downcurved and then upcurved (also sinuate from DV). Constriction in division with vinculum about half maximum dimension of tegumen. Vinculum not strongly bowed and broadening towards base of saccus. Valves relatively long, with distinctly angled shoulder, and stretched out valve base narrowing gradually to valve arm which is slightly longer than valve base with distinct ventral ‘elbow’, leading to spatulate tips with a limited number of spinoid setae on inner face/at tip (valve arms gently incurved from DV without a strong terminal spine but with a small number of teeth on mesad edge towards tip). Valve tips protrude considerably proud of maximum extension of uncus tip ( Lees 1997: 109, - + Fig. 7 @@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ i , BMNH(E) #676685 FJ819267 ) is about 4.2% pairwise divergent to those of - + Ht. harveyi described here (BMNH(E) #671648 @@ -347,25 +347,25 @@ Monaghan , 2009 ; additional members of the - + Ht. drepana group in that study include Ht. passandava , -Ht. narova +Ht. narova , Ht. difficilis and - + Ht. strato ). A 706-bp relatively conserved 28SDDFF sequence (BMNH(E) #676640, FJ817836 ) as aligned is identical to those of - + Ht. strato (BMNH(E) #671544 @@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ Torres 2001 had ‘sp. 76’ as sister to - + Ht. imerina (their ‘ Hen . sp. 22’) with 100% bootstrap support. In their dataset, with 417 bp compared, ignoring two differences at the 5’ end, - + Ht. imerina ( @@ -427,19 +427,19 @@ AY , based on 2 ♂♂ from RS Anjanaharibe Sud). According to the ‘total evidence’ morphological analysis of Lees (1997: 156, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ) , there was 0.963 jackknife support for a sister relationship of these exemplars with - + Ht. pauliani (“sp. 37”). There is some support for - + Ht. imerina as the sister of - + Ht. pauliani in the combined tree of @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ occurs among native climbing bamboos, which it might feed on. Distribution : widespread in the principal eastern rainforest belt and also in high plateau relics notably Ankazomivady south of Ambositra ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 A, turquoise dots). The locality was incorrectly given in Table 1 of Torres @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ Torres (which contains a formatting glitch) as ‘Anjanaharibe Sud, 1240 m’ instead of the line below, ‘ 32 km S. of Ambositra’. The species extends to the northern mountain range of the rainforest biome. ‘Sp. 76’ from RS Anjanaharibe Sud is doubtless referable to - + Ht. imerina , as for material (‘sp. 65’) from Bekolosy (RS Manongarivo) and RNI Tsaratanana, while this is a species for which phylogeographic study is desirable. @@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ E, Bemoara camp (going out from to Ambavala), Zahamena PN [northwestern sector], , D.C. Lees: DL 06-023; ♂, -Imerina +Imerina Madagascar |1910 E. La Moult | COLL @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ E, Bemoara camp (going out from to Ambavala), Zahamena PN [northwestern sector], | H. andravahana ab. marmorata, Auriv. [sic]|DCL-DB-2897; ♀, -Imerina +Imerina Madagascar |1910 E. La Moult |DCL-DB-2911; ♂ [ MNHN diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C62C6401EB728FCFB6F2681.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C62C6401EB728FCFB6F2681.xml index 777ad4eb3c9..bfca2c49f8c 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C62C6401EB728FCFB6F2681.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C62C6401EB728FCFB6F2681.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis drepana group (including subgenus @@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ group (including subgenus The - + Ht. drepana group (comprising the ‘ - + narova -group’ of @@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ Lees Henotesia clade’, with the addition of - + H. drepana and - + Ht. fuliginosa ; see Aduse-Poku @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ with it, is based on (Mabille, 1877) . The - + Ht. drepana group, or at least the @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Kodandaramaiah clade is the dorso-ventrally flattened aedeagus ( Lees, 1997 ). However, the entire - + Ht. drepana group includes moderately to highly sexually dimorphic species ( @@ -163,18 +163,18 @@ group includes moderately to highly sexually dimorphic species ( Henotesia clade, had 92% bootstrap support as sister to - + Ht. drepana , and this clade 87% support as sister to the hitherto hard to place - + Ht. fuliginosa . The sister of Ht. - + drepana group is recovered with significant bootstrap support ( @@ -189,11 +189,11 @@ Aduse-Poku group’ of Malagasy - + Heteropsis that included - + Ht. vola , that was previously (and erroneously) placed in (subgenus) @@ -212,18 +212,18 @@ group also comprised (Ward, 1870) + - + Ht. parva ( Butler, 1879 ) and members of the - + Ht. avelona group (= - + bicristata group of @@ -233,24 +233,24 @@ Torres , 2001 ), including - + Ht. avelona (Ward, 1870) + - + Ht. uniformis ( Oberthür, 1916 ) , - + Ht. parvidens (Mabille, 1880) , and - + Ht. bicristata ( Mabille, 1878 @@ -261,13 +261,13 @@ Torres Ht. iboina group. In general, the question of the number and limits of subgenera in - + Heteropsis is left open here. If the name Houlbertia Oberthür was restricted to a clade of highly sexually dimorphic species that include - + Ht. narova , excluding @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Oberthür was restricted to a clade of highly sexually dimorphic species that in according to Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ), with Henotesia @@ -296,18 +296,18 @@ without a subgeneric name. While more faithful to traditional taxonomy in and Houlbertia with the nominotypical subgenus - + Heteropsis Westwood , perhaps with the addition of the previously enigmatic - + Ht. fuliginosa , forming together the well-supported clade in Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ). However, such an action, that would abandon names in prior use as historic curiosities, awaits a forthcoming study. It should also be noted that without explicit justification (perhaps merely because it seemed different to other African hairy-eyed mycalesines), d’Abrera (1997 : 226) included the African species ‘ @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ Aduse-Poku Species of the - + Ht. drepana group with the most vivid blue upperside ♂♂ such as @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ group with the most vivid blue upperside ♂♂ such as occur at lower elevations than those with dark ♂♂, further discussed below. The last group tend to be found in more montane areas, up to over 2300 m , in the case of - + Ht. pauliani , which is as high as any mycalesines are found in @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ Endl. ), whereas the opposite sex is regularly attracted to fruit. Adults sometimes feed on in situ fruits. Species fly from understory to lower canopy, males following lightgaps, sometimes resting on top of clumps of bamboo, whereas - + Ht. drepana males hilltop and rest on top of ridge bushes in sunny weather. Many if not all species seems to be closely associated with different @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ of forest bamboo, but early stage data is very sparse. Stands of bamboo (such as S.Dransf. in the lowlands) can sometimes support large sympatrically flying populations of several closely related species. ♀♀ of the more sexually dimorphic members of the - + Ht. drepana group tend to be very sedentary resting low in the undergrowth on leaf litter (where they are cryptic with fallen leaves including those of bamboo), and may not be noticed at all when not venturing off paths. The ♀♀ of @@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ along with ; see Lees, 1997 ). The more montane members of the - + Ht. drepana group have ♀♀ that tend to be vertical trunk-resting (as do often the ♂♂, likely explaining their less sexually dimorphic wing patterns). @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ group have ♀♀ that tend to be vertical trunk-resting (as do often the ♂♂ Within the - + Ht. drepana group are two or more groups of phenetically similar, moderately sexually dimorphic species, which inhabit montane forest ridges between @@ -431,9 +431,9 @@ group are two or more groups of phenetically similar, moderately sexually dimorp . Two sampled members in the phylogeny of Aduse-Poku et al., (2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ) are - + Ht. viettei Lees, 2003 @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ and andravahana ’ (= - + Ht. westwoodi @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ and Ht. obscura + - + Ht. difficilis (Mabille, 1880) @@ -475,22 +475,22 @@ sp. 13’ : 417; now including sp. 74), and sp. 13B, respectively, of Lees (1997: 64) . This species pair exhibit varying degrees of whitish or cream highlighting distal of the HWV Mb. The - + Ht. harveyi sub-group of the - + Ht. drepana group represents a tightly knit species complex with dark-uppersides and includes - + Ht. harveyi sp. nov. and - + Ht. vanewrighti @@ -505,27 +505,27 @@ Torres , 2001 ). The - + Ht. harveyi sub-group exhibits the presence or absence of a russet or dark patch on the underside of the FW along vein 1A+2A (in Madagascar , only the - + Ht. avelona group of mycalesines also exhibit a FWV patch). Another dark non-reflective upperside pair, more similar to - + Ht. viettei + - + Ht. westwoodi , although not represented in the phylogeny of Aduse-Poku et al., (2015), and so with relationship unresolved, is - + Ht. imerina @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ Torres , 2001 ) and - + Ht. pauliani (sp. 37 of @@ -575,13 +575,13 @@ locality, the first and main part of the short description matches at least the : Pl. 5, Fig. 6.7). However, this first part does not match the ♂ of the taxon represented by the “var.” in the latter work and illustrated in Mabille [1885] : Pl. 5, -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ). The additional details in Mabille ([1885 -7]) suggests that the original description had been based on at least three phenotypically divergent specimens, two ♂ and one ♀ (that illustrated dorsally by Mabille, [1885] : Pl. 5, -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 ). @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ of Mycalesis andravahana had been traced in the three main feasible repositories for Mabille material, BMNH and MNHN (DCL, pers. obs.), or ZHMU (W. Mey, pers. comm.). Although the ♂ ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A , ‘6, 7’) might have been a good choice for the lectotype of @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ identity and is now numbered as BMNH(E) #674841. Because of its wide and distinc for ‘ H . 13B’), to correspond to ‘sp. 13B’ (described below as - + Ht. westwoodi , a species apparently endemic to the southeastern mountains of @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ Mabille, 1880 . This last taxon is illustrated in Mabille, ([1885] , Pl. 7B, ‘2’, ‘2a’) and reproduced here ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A , ‘9’). M. difficilis @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ var. ). Although it is has not previously been clear what species is represented by the ♀ whose dorsal surface only is illustrated in Mabille ([1885] : Pl. 5, -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 ) as an example of Mycalesis andravahana @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ var. M. difficilis . In fact the resemblance to a recent photograph of a living ♀ from Anjanaharibe Sud is striking ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 C). About the original ♀ specimen, Mabille ([1887]: 58) stated “La femelle est d'une couleur plus claire que le mâle, surtout sur le disque. L'ocelle des ailes supérieures est très grand, d'un fauve clair; l'ocelle des inférieures est très petit. En dessous, les premières ailes ont les zébrures blanchâtres jusque dans la cellule; l'espace terminal est d'un gris cendré. Aux inférieures, il y a les mêmes dessins, mais plus délayés; la bandelette blanche est d'un gris sale. Les autres parties de l'insecte sont comme dans le type mâle que nous avons décrit plus haut”. Just below this he stated “L'envergure est de 36 millimetres chez le ♂, de 44 chez la ♀. @@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ had the same provenance (Mabille, 1880), but as implied above, would represent a M. andravahana coming from the Grose-Smith collection (BMNH(E) #674841; -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 D) measures 50.2 mm absolute wingspan and between @@ -707,11 +707,11 @@ absolute wingspan and between FWL. However, all four wings are fixed to the body with the FW tergal edges angled in a non-orthogonal orientation, with blobs of red sealing wax. My digital reconstruction of the wings shows that the apex to apex dimension, when reconstructed as Mabille ([1885] : Pl. 5, -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 ) actually would measure 44– 45 mm apex to apex. It should be acknowledged that in general, - + Heteropsis are in general hard to identify from uppersides, more so for a painting of a ♀. @@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ of , Lees et al., 2003) does not disagree with Mabille’s ([1885-7]) redescription in any significant aspect. The dorsal illustration would indeed represent a quite accurate portrayal of the original specimen. There is indication, especially on the non hand-coloured copy of Mabille’s work available on Biodiversity Heritage Library ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 B), of the pale HWV postmedian area showing through to the dorsal surface, just as it does in BMNH(E) #674841, and as clearly indicated in the illustration of Mycalesis difficilis @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ in Mabille ([1885 : Pl. 7B) ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A ). The relative size of dorsal FW and HW ocelli and their rings in these two versions of Mabille’s illustration (Pl. 5, ‘9’) is also convincingly accurate as corresponding. @@ -818,17 +818,17 @@ var. , has dull metallic blue upperside ♂♂, is not known from the Southeast of Madagascar ). ‘Sp. 12’, as known from Ranomafana, is now described below as - + Ht. harveyi (a manuscript name of Lees, 1997 ). - + Ht. harveyi not only has ♂♂ with very dark brown uppersides, but also lacks the distinctly white postmedial band which as mentioned above is present in - + Ht. viettei . It is not certain if the species without HWV whitish postmedian highlighting represented as “var.” of @@ -836,11 +836,11 @@ not only has ♂♂ with very dark brown uppersides, but also lacks the distinct Mycalesis andravahana in Mabille’s description and redescription (1878; [1885]: Pl. 5, -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ; [1887], text) and reproduced here in -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A is referable to - + Ht. harveyi , but it might be. However, @@ -852,15 +852,15 @@ described a similar ‘var.’ lacking the white postmedian HWV band as ‘ ab. marmorata ’ (specimen represented in -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 C). Its HT ♂ (‘TYPUS’, specimen NHRS- TOBI000000050) was examined by DCL in SNHM. This is an unavailable name (clearly infrasubspecific, Art 45.6.2), but the specimen matches well - + Ht. harveyi , in fact much more clearly than does that illustrated in Mabille ([1885] : Pl. 5, 8). As judged by Mabille’s [1885] plate, - + Ht. harveyi may have been one of the species under Mabille’s eyes when he described @@ -868,19 +868,19 @@ may have been one of the species under Mabille’s eyes when he described M. andravahana , even though not the first mentioned, or focal, form of the description. In - + Ht. harveyi , although the ventral irrorated pattern and general colouration resemble the ventral illustration in Mabille ([1885] : Pl. 5, -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ), generally the median and pre-median HWV bands are much more clearly delineated. This is the case in the HT of Aurivillius’ aberration, and in most specimens of - + Ht. harveyi , but not so for Mabille’s ♂ ‘var.’ ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A , ‘8’). @@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ To resolve the Mycalesis andravahana problem, the following synonymy of - + Heteropsis andravahana is thus proposed: @@ -897,20 +897,20 @@ is thus proposed: - + Heteropsis andravahana ( Mabille, 1878 ) . LT ♀, here designated ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 D), lacking abdomen (the only known surviving potential ST, from the Grose-Smith collection): BMNH(E) #674841, bearing labels “LT (round purplebordered label)/ Type HT (round red-bordered label)/ TYPE . [white red printed label]/Ex Grose-Smith, 1910/Joicey Bequest Brit. Mus. 1934-120./[Colour photocopy of -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 from plate 5 of Mabille, 1887]”; @@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ LT ♂, here designated (of 4 potential STs), lacking abdomen: BMNH(E) #674827, (round red-bordered label)/ Madagascar , Antsianaka, Perrot Freres, 2e Semestre 1893/Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3/ - + Gallienia undulosa var. luctuosa diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C66C6431EB72E14FCDB240A.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C66C6431EB72E14FCDB240A.xml index aa283bb159d..e21c37f6534 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C66C6431EB72E14FCDB240A.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C66C6431EB72E14FCDB240A.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 A), Madagascar NE, Ambery R., Masoala E., @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ barcode]. 010289117 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 B), Madagascar NE, Antsamanarana R., Masoala E., [ @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ voucher; cytochrome b], IA302 [isotope voucher], barcode voucher], KA2053 [=KA-P2053; DNA extract number]; ♂ ( -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 B), data as above but: 17:02, D.C. Lees: DL 93- 0017; 26 @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ NE, Masoala E., Ambery R., Diagnosis. this species has rather short and less pointed HW tails compared with - + Ht. alaokola and @@ -221,11 +221,11 @@ and Ht. ankoma . ♂♂ of - + Ht. hazovola have a dense black latero-ventral androconial patch on the abdominal sternum, whereas - + Ht. alaokola and @@ -233,11 +233,11 @@ and Ht. ankoma (particularly similar superficially) lack obvious black ventral abdominal scales in the ♂. Ventral wing pattern is very similar to other species in the group including - + Ht. alaokola , - + Ht. hazovola , and to a lesser extent, @@ -252,15 +252,15 @@ and type series of -Ht. hazovola +Ht. hazovola . On the dorsum, in fresh specimens, - + Ht. alaokola has the darkest wing colouration of these species, whereas in - + Ht. hazovola , the dorsal wing background colour tends to be reddish brown. @@ -268,11 +268,11 @@ has the darkest wing colouration of these species, whereas in Ht. mabillei has an even lighter mid-brown dorsal colour than - + Ht. hazovola , but generally has space-M3 ocellus HWD strongly expressed in the ♂. - + Ht. hazovola shares with @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ has a darker FWD margin). HWD this uniform dull reddish brown colour with a dark Ht. - + alaokola , more similar to the configuration in @@ -313,11 +313,11 @@ where they are relatively short. FW space-CuA1 ocellus weakly expressed. FWD spa Ht. antahala group. Highly irrorated pattern of dark brown strigulae and yellow flecks on a lilac-washed light brown background, but the lilac wash is only strongly evident in the HT and one of the PT ♂♂, and to a lesser extent in the PT ♀, which has a generally lighter greyer-brown colouration on either surface. A striking pattern of ventral irrorations (dark strigulae) which are most finely divided proximad of the jagged dark brown Mb, but continue distad of it in both wings except around the ocelli. The very thick Mb is sharply inflexed around the CuA1 ocelli in both wings, quite jagged, strongly concave in space-M3- CuA1, and again in space-1A, fairly straight to mid costa from just below vein M3. FWV Mb forms an angle distad near vein M2, and there is another dark FWV band slightly proximad but along the irroration, the PMb is not distinct in either wing. There is a prominent yellow patch (highlight) at the base of space-M2 just distad of the Mb. Such underside patterns are not particularly special for - + Ht. hazovola : in particular, - + Ht. alaokola and @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ and are very similar and confusable ventrally, but the type material of - + Ht. hazovola seems more deeply washed with violet colour. @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ the ♀ PT. ♀ PT HWV ocellus expression similar to the ♂ HT but larger, exce Ht. antahala group (the black spot in -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 A, right, FWV, is a broken wing fragment). Blackish brush emanating near base of space-CuA1, as usual for Ht. paradoxa @@ -367,23 +367,23 @@ group, over reflexed veins 1A+2A + 3A, and potentially contacting a broad and co Ht. paradoxa , despite a weakly developed hindwing brush arising in the cubital region), that is present in - + Ht. hazovola ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 C, PT ♂) but not evident in Ht. ankoma ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 D, LT ♂ of M. ankoma ) and indeed in - + Ht. hazovola it is more extensive and obvious than in others of the group that exhibit ventral blackish androconial scales, namely @@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ it is more extensive and obvious than in others of the group that exhibit ventra and -Ht. masoura +Ht. masoura . @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ and Ht. mabillei and - + Ht. alaokola . @@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ and ♂ genitalia : 26DL (PT, -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 B, LV, DV): tegumen shallowly domed from LV (wide concave proximad notch from DV), with strong brow, tegumen much longer than sickle-shaped uncus with strong ventrad ‘dewlap’-like cusp and angularly raised ‘head’ (characteristic of Ht. antahala @@ -425,21 +425,21 @@ group), leading to hook with fairly straight edge (uncus is narrow to hook from in particular ( Lees 1997: 105 ), protruding well beyond uncus tip at tip, slightly inbent towards midline with a short infacing spine, and a few serrae mesad towards tip (unlike - + Ht. alaokola ; 146DL, Fianarantsoa, illustrated in -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 C, which has a large number of teeth along the inside edge of the valves). Saccus strongly uprecurved, inflated towards tip. Aedeagus almost the same length as valves, slightly uprecurved towards blunt distal end, and broadening towards a cup-like ostium. Juxta narrow, not prominent proximad. - + FIGURE 4. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) unless otherwise stated. A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba @@ -450,13 +450,13 @@ Lees & Raharitsimba (Masoala; NHMUK010289116). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. hazovola (Masoala; NHMUK010289118). C : Abdomen of HT ♂ of - + Ht. hazovola (VV, left). @@ -481,25 +481,25 @@ Mabille, 1878 (BMNH(E) 672618). Scale bar: 30 mm (C–D with separate scale). - + FIGURE 5. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A : ♂ genitalia of - + Heteropsis mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; 278DL, CK529). B : ♂ genitalia of PT of - + Ht. hazovola (Masoala; NHMUK010289179, 26DL). C : ♂ genitalia of - + Ht. alaokola , @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ Mabille, in BMNH, plus an additional ST in MNHN ex Chris Ward from the Galichon collection, DCL-DB-2982). A LT has already been designated for - + Gallienia alaokola (see above), and as there is more possibility for confusion in this group, it is necessary to select another LT. The ♂ LT of @@ -558,11 +558,11 @@ in BMNH, plus an additional ST in MNHN ex Chris Ward from the Galichon collectio Mycalesis ankoma is here designated as that illustrated here, -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 D–E (there are several very similar STs but it is possible this is also the ♂ illustrated in Pl. 6 -Figs 11 +Figs 11 , -12 +12 of Mabille [1885] ), bearing the labels “ @@ -576,12 +576,12 @@ of M. ankoma from the Grose-Smith collection (BMNH(E) 672618) is illustrated in - + Fig. 4 F. - + Ht. hazovola now constitutes the first described butterfly species apparently endemic to the Masoala National Park (Kremen @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ now constitutes the first described butterfly species apparently endemic to the Additional information. DNA divergences : COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4994 (exemplars BMAD228-15 to BMAD230-15 from Masoala), 5.02% divergent to a still undescribed species (BMAD147-15, DL95-0005, Vohitraseva) which is in turn about 2–2.4% divergent to other members, whether conspecific or not, of cluster BOLD:ACW4938. - + Ht. hazovola appears more closely related to @@ -599,13 +599,13 @@ appears more closely related to Ht. mabillei in fact than to - + Ht. alaokola (see above regarding the shallow divergence of exemplars in Aduse-Poku et al. , 2010) but only 140 bp are currently available (BMAD131-15, DL14M0-0003, Anjozorobe, for which there is a G rather than A or T in the 517th nucleotide position) and this stretch is 3.1% divergent from the barcode of the HT ♂ of - + Ht. hazovola (BMAD229-15, DL93-0002). @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ in fact than to Phylogeny/sister species : the sister taxon of - + Ht. hazovola (as “sp. 53”) was unresolved in @@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ in fact than to Ht. ankoma and - + Ht. alaokola (“sp. 56”; @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ Aduse-Poku Distribution : endemic as far as is known to the eastern lowlands of the Masoala Peninsula ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 A, light blue dots). diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C69C6751EB72C61FB15228C.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C69C6751EB72C61FB15228C.xml index a14943f39b5..aa00250cf90 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C69C6751EB72C61FB15228C.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C69C6751EB72C61FB15228C.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 A), Madagascar NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Deposition : ♀ ( -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 B), Madagascar NW, Bekolosy Mt., RS Manongarivo, @@ -351,12 +351,12 @@ NW, Bekolosy, RS Manongarivo, Diagnosis. Especially in ♂♂, - + Ht. vanewrighti is the smallest species of Malagasy - + Heteropsis so far known (only in Africa are found smaller mycalesines such as @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ so far known (only in Africa are found smaller mycalesines such as : Condamin, 1973 ). It can normally be distinguished from - + Ht. harveyi by the lack of an androconial patch on the FWV, and by its restriction, as presently known, to the extreme northwestern part of the rainforest biome. In Marojejy, northeastern @@ -381,27 +381,27 @@ Torres 2001 ), which could be confused with - + Ht. vanewrighti , which sometimes exhibits extremely reduced FWV patch. However, counting from the start of the standard 358 bp COI-5P barcode, a barcoded individual of - + Ht. vanewrighti from Bekolosy (CCDB-02225-F04, BMAD064-09) has the following five potentially autapomorphic nucleotide states relative to other members (in parentheses) of the - + Ht. harveyi group: 268, 292, 547: T(C); 352: A(G); 451: C(T). - + FIGURE 9. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees @@ -412,13 +412,13 @@ Lees (Mt. Bekolosy; NHMUK010289124). B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. vanewrighti (Mt. Bekolosy; NHMUK010289125). C : HT ♂ of - + Ht. imerina Lees @@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ Lees (Mantadia; NHMUK010289132). D : PT ♀ of - + Ht. imerina (Ankasoka, route Lakato; DCL-DB-2906, MNHN). Scale bar: 30 mm. @@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ as revised here, with a near right angle inflexion around vein CuA1, curving con Male genitalia ( -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 B, 233DL, PT): from LV: tegumen shallowly domed (with small concave proximad notch from DV), with fairly distinct brow down to scythe-hooked uncus. Gnathos fairly straight, thin and tapered, in line with up-hook of uncus in specimen examined (slightly incurved and not sinuate from DV bending round from stout oblong base). Tegumen-vinculum division slightly more than maximum dimension of tegumen. Valve base fits in rather oblong frame with rather angular ‘shoulder’ at base of dorsal edge, leading abruptly to gently elbowed rather parallel-sided valve arm which has a very slender ‘head’ for club with stout small spine at tip, uprecurved and significantly proud of uncus tip (strongly incurved at tip from DV and with a few short distad teeth). Aedeagus very long and thin, dorso-ventrally flattened, more than one and a half times length of valve, gently and smoothly uprecurved distad from ostium, which is itself long and cupped proximad, winged into two lobes proximad from DV. Saccus relatively long, and juxta featuring a prominent down-lip, which also has small side lobes. @@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ at Bekolosy mountain in the Réserve Spéciale de Manongarivo ( Butler, 1879 (= - + Heteropsis viettei Lees, 2003 @@ -512,11 +512,11 @@ ab. marmorata Aurivillius, 1911 . This and a large series of specimens referred to - + Heteropsis harveyi in the Oberthür collection are clearly distinct from - + Ht. vanewrighti in being generally larger in size, possessing a FWV androconial patch, and occurring much further south in the central to southeastern parts of the rainforest biome. @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ HM 240620 ); for more details see under - + Ht. harveyi . @@ -547,15 +547,15 @@ HM Phylogeny/sister species : without a detailed phylogeographic analysis of the - + Ht. harveyi -complex, the sister taxon of - + Ht. vanewrighti is not yet certain, but the closest currently described relative is - + Ht. harveyi . @@ -593,11 +593,11 @@ sp. 20. Distribution : Bekolosy and Antsatrotro mountains (where found in 2011), Réserve Spéciale de Manongarivo, to where, as far as is known, -Ht. vanewrighti +Ht. vanewrighti i s endemic ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 A, purple dots). diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C6DC6481EB72DBAFBA8218A.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C6DC6481EB72DBAFBA8218A.xml index 59bb3e5f583..eafd9b7f249 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C6DC6481EB72DBAFBA8218A.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C6DC6481EB72DBAFBA8218A.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis harveyi Lees & Kremen @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Mabille ♂ “var.” ( Mabille [1885] : Pl. 5 -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 , [1887: 57–59]); @@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ Ackery Andravahana provenant de Fianarantsoa et d'Antsianaka” (subsequently known as - + Heteropsis viettei Lees, 2003 ; Lees, 1997 : 62; 391–392, but here treated as - + Heteropsis andravahana ), “et 78 ♂♂ et 45 ♀♀ du supposé @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Lees, 2003 Wardii , capturés également à Fianarantsoa et dans l’Antsianaka"; referred to here as - + Ht. harveyi ; All 78 ♂♂ and 13 of the ♀♀ of Oberthür’s “ @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Torres “ - + Heteropsis ( Henotesia @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 A), Madagascar E, Sahavondronina VOI, Ranomafana National Park, @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Deposition 010289120 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 B), 8/11/2014 : 10:57, D.C. Lees: @@ -351,33 +351,33 @@ E, Sahavondronina VOI, Ranomafana National Park, Diagnosis. - + Ht. vanewrighti and an undescribed species (‘ Ht . sp. 20’) are both generally smaller than - + Ht. harveyi and the former occurs only in NW Madagascar , whereas - + Ht. harveyi is generally similar to - + Ht. vanewrighti in wing colouration, but in all known specimens shows a prominent androconial patch on the FWV. As currently recognized, - + Ht. harveyi occurs in the centre-east of the montane rainforest biome at latitudes south of about 17.5o S , whereas - + Ht. vanewrighti is only known from the extreme northwestern part of the rainforest biome, but @@ -385,19 +385,19 @@ is only known from the extreme northwestern part of the rainforest biome, but . sp. 20 appears to occur partially sympatrically, distributed from the NE to CE of Madagascar . - + Ht. westwoodi is quite distinctive from either of these species, having a more uniform colouration on the FWV towards the costa than any of these species, while - + Ht. viettei also has a prominent pale or whitish highlighting distal of the HWV Mb. Counting from the start of the 658 bp COI-5P barcode, the following four putatively fixed nucleotide differences in the DNA barcode appear (n=4) to be diagnostic within the - + Ht. harveyi complex (cluster number BOLD:ACW5694) throughout its range, where in parentheses is specified the un-derived state: 274 C(T); 298 T(C); 466 A(G); 498 C(A). DNA barcoding is currently the best means for determining material of - + Ht. harveyi among material that exhibit the FWV patch. @@ -415,17 +415,17 @@ among material that exhibit the FWV patch. ’). Distad of the central HWV band and highlighting it there is a more obscure dark violet to grey-brown region, and the FWV pattern is generally more dark-obscure and less marbled but with about four ochreous strigulae (Costal bars, henceforth ‘Cbs’) perpendicular to the costa beyond mid-costa. Variation. ♂♂ similar, but vary in the intensity of the darker brown irroration and Mb on the HWV. Sexually dimorphic, but marginally so. The ♂ and ♀ are one of the most similar of the - + Ht. drepana group and in fact the only pair in the - + Ht. drepana group to have been correctly matched by Oberthür (1916) , but the ♀ is larger and paler. The ♂ and ♀ have been photographed in copula ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 D). The ♀ is similar to the ♂, but rather larger and lighter brown on either surface, with a similar ocellus configuration, although the space-CuA1 ocelli tend to be larger in either wing. @@ -459,18 +459,18 @@ After Don Harvey, who first pointed out (to Claire Kremen) the FWV androconial p Discussion. Apart from - + Ht. tianae sp. nov. , - + Ht. harveyi is the - + Heteropsis species described here which has longest been known in historical collections (in BMNH, MNHN, and SNHM, at least). The first modern field specimens of this species were recognized by C. Kremen in @@ -481,19 +481,19 @@ in what is now Ranomafana National Park ( Lees, 1997: 64 ). Until now, recognition of this species has been taxonomically very confusing (as detailed above). Compared with closely related species, it can readily be distinguished androconially and allopatrically from - + Ht. vanewrighti . However, as mentioned above, morphological and genetic variation across the potential full range of - + Ht. harveyi needs further examination and this is amenable to a phylogeographic analysis, to see if its circumscription might eventually comprise one or more potentially allopatric or sympatric morphospecies that also have a ventral androconial patch, ‘sp. 20’ (same as ‘sp. 77’?) known from the northeastern montane rainforests of the island (see also Lees, 1997 ). As mentioned above, the HT ♂ (NHRS-TOBI000000050; -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 C) of - + Ht. andrahahana ab. @@ -504,12 +504,12 @@ Aurivillius was examined in SNHM and is considered to be conspecific, but the na Butler, 1879 (BMNH(E) 697802); now called - + Heteropsis viettei Lees, 2003 , a species potentially confused with - + Ht. harveyi in Mabille’s (1878) description of @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ in Mabille’s (1878) description of Mycalesis andravahana , is not conspecific and the genitalia are different (P. Viette dissection slide no. 4847). Differences in the lateral shape of the tegumen and the extent of the valve relative to the uncus tip in this slide to other preparations of - + Ht. viettei is considered to represent distortion towards two dimensions due to slide preparation, with distortion occurring most noticeably in the structures most susceptible to pressing, and not in the aedeagus or its relative length. @@ -527,14 +527,14 @@ is considered to represent distortion towards two dimensions due to slide prepar : ( Lees, 1997: 109, - + Fig. 7 i, “12”, voucher 98DL, -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 A, specimen of - + Heteropsis cf. harveyi @@ -542,17 +542,17 @@ cf. from Anjozorobe ). From LV, a very shallowly domed tegumen with a rather straight dorsal edge profile and a distinctly angled brow leads to a hand-scythe shaped uncus whose ventral edge at the base is downbent as if like a ‘dewlap’ and with a rather narrow and pointed hook. Tegumen dorsal profile features a quite narrow v-shaped proximad notch and lateral profile bends round to constriction at division with vinculum, which is over half the maximum dimension of the tegumen (and thus the tegumen does not have a quadrate shape from LV). Valve with a very prominent convex dorsal shoulder and valve base very broad leading abruptly to the narrow quite tapering and sub-sinuate valve arms, which are ventrally elbowed and with only a slight indication of a ventral ‘head’ at the unexpanded club, covered with fine setae and sporting a stout spine, inrecurved from DV, where somewhat serrate on mesad edge, pointing towards the uncus tip, which falls well short of the maximum uncus extension, in fact points to the middle of the ‘hook’. Gnathos from right-angled base pointing in line with the uncus tip from LV where relatively straight blade-like, tapered to tip, recurved inward from DV. Saccus quite extended and inflated proximad, less than a third of total valve length (it is longer in the - + Ht. vanewrighti specimen described below). Aedeagus particularly thin and dorsoventrally flattened, very gently uprecurved distad of the ostium, also quite extended proximad of it, distad tip quite pointed, about 1.75 x total length of valve. Juxta quite prominent proximad and rounded like a small plate from DV. A specimen referred to - + Ht. harveyi from Miaranony, 1080 m (156DL) is very similar in proportions to 98DL, with valve terminating in an inwardly pointing spine that falls short of uncus tip, but has a saccus about 1/4 longer and the hook of uncus about 1/3 deeper (from LV). A future more satisfactory resolution of genitalic variation within the - + Ht. harveyi complex (currently containing four COI- 5P BIN clusters) should be based on DNA barcoded material. @@ -568,16 +568,16 @@ locality and BMAD270-15, DL-4-963 from Ambondrombe) which is 1.52% divergent to . sp. 20 (exemplar BMAD213- 15 DL14A-0387, Anjanaharibe Sud, cluster number BOLD:ACW5777), 1.67% divergent to Ht . sp. - + cf. harveyi (BMAD268-15, DL14AM-0025 from Anjozorobe, cluster number BOLD:ACW5778) and 1.98% divergent to - + Ht. vanewrighti (BMAD064-04, Bekolosy, cluster number BOLD:AAE4111). The 357 bp cytochrome b sequence of - + Ht. harveyi (exemplars BMNH(E) 671648 @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ cf. . sp. 20 (as Ht . sp. 77; exemplar CK678 from Anjanaharibe Sud) and to - + Ht . harveyi @@ -595,11 +595,11 @@ cf. (exemplar BMNH(E) #676467 FJ819454 , DL-05-385 from Ranomafana), and is about 1.56% divergent to - + Ht. vanewrighti (exemplar DLBEK94-130, BMNH(E) #697875 from Bekolosy), whereas it is about 4.2% pairwise divergent to sequences of - + Heteropsis imerina (BMNH(E) #676683 @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ group in that study included Ht. passandava , -Ht. narova +Ht. narova , ‘ @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ group in that study included stat. rev. ] and - + Ht. strato ). No COII sequence is available on GenBank (see below). @@ -643,11 +643,11 @@ group in that study included Phylogeny/sister species : closely related to - + Ht. vanewrighti , and to two (?) still undescribed species in the same cryptic complex. In their cladistic analysis of COII sequences, not including - + Ht. vanewrighti , @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ Torres : 465) had full support for a sister relation of - + Ht. harveyi (their “ @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ Torres 2001 [here considered to be the same as “sp. 20” from Masoala] appears from putatively fixed differences in its DNA barcodes (n=10 currently on BOLD; cluster number BOLD:ACW5777) not to be conspecific with - + Ht. harveyi (as also treated by @@ -707,19 +707,19 @@ Torres : from Fianarantsoa/Ranomafana (including type locality) probably at least as far north as Andasibe-Mantadia in the eastern rainforest biome, south to Ambondrombe (according to DNA barcode) and possibly as far South as Chaines Anosyennes (referred specimen) ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 D, lilac dots). Light brown dots in -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 D represent localities for specimens morphologically similar to - + Ht. harveyi falling outside the known range of this species, and where the presence of cluster BOLD:ACW5694 has not been confirmed. Populations in the more central Angavo Massif (exemplar BMAD268-15, cluster number BOLD:ACW5778, Anjozorobe) might represent a different species. However, data is currently insufficient to indicate whether the illustrated genitalia from Anjozorobe represent - + Ht. harveyi or not (hence the labelling ‘ - + Ht . cf. harveyi diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C78C6471EB729E2FC722384.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C78C6471EB729E2FC722384.xml index c28913dbeb8..cf19c6f0a41 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C78C6471EB729E2FC722384.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C78C6471EB729E2FC722384.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Gallienia alaokola problem @@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ problem The left image (#3043) in -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 A represents the specimen (BMNH(E) 672621) that P. Viette intended to represent the LT of - + Gallienia alaokola Oberthür, 1916 @@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ A represents the specimen (BMNH(E) 672621) that P. Viette intended to represent ) illustrated as [a ♀ of] ‘ M. ? - + alaokola ’. I contend, considering dorsal colouration, ocellus expression in space-M3 and relatively more pointed HW tails, that both specimens in fact represent - + Ht. mabillei (both surfaces of the HT ♂ of @@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ A represents the specimen (BMNH(E) 672621) that P. Viette intended to represent Butler, 1879 , BMNH(E) 672624, are figured in -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 C). Moreover, although d’Abrera (1980 : 190) had placed a red label next to photograph of “ - + M. alaokola ”, the accompanying text says “♀ (? @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ would be extremely unsatisfactory in this difficult-to-distinguish species group , considering in particular his qualification of use of the word 'type' by a question mark (Art. 74.5). A proportion of Oberthür’s syntype specimens of - + Gallienia alaokola from Fianarantsoa and some also from Antsianaka (the current region around RNI Zahamena) have apparently generally shorter HW tails than in the HT of @@ -103,21 +103,21 @@ from Fianarantsoa and some also from Antsianaka (the current region around RNI Z Butler ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 C) and a much darker upperside. They lack the ocellus expression in both space-M3 and CuA1 of the ♂ HW upperside, with sometimes neither ocellus expressed (this variation in his mixed series is alluded to in Oberthür’s 1916: 205–206 description). Among Oberthür’s 75 syntypes , a LT ♂ specimen of - + Gallienia alaokola is here therefore chosen to resolve the problem. This LT ♂ is here designated as the specimen ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 B) bearing data labels “ Madagascar , Fianarantsoa, Perrot Frères, 2e Semestre 1892|Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3|Photographed by B. d'Abrera 77/78|BMNH(E) 1717102 [ QTR label]”. This is also the “ - + Masoura ? sp.” illustrated by @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ label]”. This is also the “ : 229) in DV/VV, following preference for a previously illustrated specimen (Recommendation 74B of the code), although in this case, not the one that the original author intended. This action is also in the spirit of the Code as it promotes stability and obviates the need to describe a new species within Oberthür’s syntypic series. The majority of the series of Oberthür (1916) ’s - + G. alaokola STs from “Fianarantsoa” belong to @@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ STs from “Fianarantsoa” belong to (see Lees, 1997 : 99) and also, more markedly, - + Ht. masoura . It (“sp. 56”; Lees, 1997 : 105) also has multiply toothed long valves, which do not have such a projected sharply inbent tip, as does the genitalia of Oberthür’s ♂ ‘iconotype’ of - + G. alaokola (= @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ STs from “Fianarantsoa” belong to Ht. mabillei ) ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 D). This feature is not in fact evident in the HT specimen of Strabena mabillei @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ Butler Ht. mabillei (in fresh specimens, - + Ht. alaokola , as here fixed, also has a darker dorsal colouration). Note the androconial scales on abdominal sternum third segment and the inwards recurved valve tips characteristic of @@ -176,25 +176,25 @@ Butler Ht. mabillei ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 D) and also ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 A,C) that Ht. mabillei has relatively long tails especially at M3, a lighter brown dorsal colouration, and three or four white stripes on the FWV tending to be more strongly represented as marks on the FWD costa, than the species/specimen here selected to represent - + Ht. alaokola ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 B). It may be noted that samples respectively representing Ht. mabillei and - + Ht. alaokola (KAP524 [KA-P524] = DL-4-233, Anjozorobe; KAP537 [KA-P537] = DL-02-20, Makira, in the study of Aduse-Poku diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C7BC6591EB728FCFDFA2509.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C7BC6591EB728FCFDFA2509.xml index aad3344c0ba..bce54568415 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C7BC6591EB728FCFDFA2509.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C7BC6591EB728FCFDFA2509.xml @@ -1,51 +1,51 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis antahala group (subgenera - + Masoura and @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ and A new species is described here in the - + Ht. antahala group, and so it is convenient to characterise its nominal species. The LT ♂ of @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ group, and so it is convenient to characterise its nominal species. The LT ♂ o Ward, 1872 is here designated as the specimen ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 F) bearing data “ Lectotype | @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ as well as the more strongly HWtailed mycalesines traditionally placed in the su Hemming 1964 (see below). Here, the status of - + Ht. alaokola ( Oberthür, 1916 @@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ group ( , -Ht. alaokola +Ht. alaokola , - + Ht. mabillei ( Butler, 1879 @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ in Ht. antahala group; see also - + Ht. subsimilis group, in respect of possible breakdown in pre-mating isolating system. It may be necessary to inspect androconial features of ♂♂ closely to assist in identification. This group are canopy specialists attracted to ripe fruit as adults (sometimes feeding on fruit @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ group, in respect of possible breakdown in pre-mating isolating system. It may b ) observed to roost gregariously as adults ( Lees, 1997 ). The ♂♂ indulge in vigorous hilltopping behaviour on ridgetops, sitting atop bushes just like - + Ht. drepana , and making canopy chases. Unfortunately there are as yet no biological observations on the large and obvious monomorphic @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ group, in respect of possible breakdown in pre-mating isolating system. It may b Mylothris mimic, - + Ht. masoura ; its female is one of the largest mycalesines globally (around @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ and four sampled members of the group: Aduse-Poku et al. , 2015, -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ; which was submarginally supported (pp=0.91) for the two exemplars in Kodandaramaiah @@ -207,17 +207,17 @@ Kodandaramaiah the ♂ HW ( Lees, 1997: 76 ) and overlying at least, vein 1A, a character which is only sporadically seen elsewhere, e.g. in the African ‘ - + Heteropsis ’ peitho (Plötz, 1880) group and in - + Ht. drepana and (2) the ocelli in hwv space M2, CuA1 and particularly CuA2, where the ventral pattern is pronounced (i.e. not in - + Ht. masoura , but in @@ -229,11 +229,11 @@ and (2) the ocelli in hwv space M2, CuA1 and particularly CuA2, where the ventra Ht. paradoxa , except in - + Ht. masoura , which has the upper surface suffused with white. This FWD trend can also be seen in ♀♀ of some - + Heteropsis (e.g. diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A.xml index b1d737f4184..394ac9af2f5 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65A1EB72934FCB3240A.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis mimetica Lees and Kremen @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Lees and Kremen : “sp. 72” ( Lees 1997: 56, -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 G, 7H ). @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ material., Deposition Holotype : ♂ ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 A), Madagascar NE, Anjanaharibe Sud, @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ voucher]; (E) 1717112 [ QTR barcode]; ♀ ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 B), data as HT but: CK517, DNA [ @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ NE, Anjanaharibe Sud, Diagnosis. The combination in - + Ht. mimetica of the space-M3 as well as space-CuA1 ocellus expressed on the HWD and a white-translucent ocellus ring (hereafter ‘Orng’) extended close to the base of space M3 and CuA @@ -243,23 +243,23 @@ the FWD, forming a rectangle, as in some forms of Ht. turbans , is diagnostic for this species for both known populations. In the closely related allospecies - + Ht. cowani , the Orng is nearly circular for all known populations. This trait is consistent in all - + Ht. mimetica . - + FIGURE 2. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A : HT ♂ of - + Heteropsis mimetica Lees & Kremen @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Lees & Kremen (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH(E) 1717105), B : PT ♀ of - + Ht. mimetica (Anjanaharibe Sud; BMNH(E) 1717113). @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Oberthür, 1923 Ward, 1872 ([Madagascar], BMNH(E) 672567). Scale bar: 30 mm. The figure shows apparent contrasting mimicry on the two surfaces across three different - + Heteropsis clades. @@ -303,20 +303,20 @@ clades. Description. Wings. Upperside uniform mid brown, except light brown in the area around the expressed ocelli of HWD where the ventral white area shows through. On FW, space-MI ocellus expressed as conspicuous white spot. Space-CuA1 ocellus has narrow whitish-orange ring set in a somewhat rectangular white-translucent area whose lower proximad corner extends close to the base of space-CuA1, as in - + Ht. sabas ( Oberthür, 1923 ) ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 E), rather than Ht. cowani ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 C-D Fianarantsoa material). Only two ocelli are conspicuously expressed in HWD, that of space-M3 and space-CuA1, both subelliptic and surrounded by a similarly shaped light orange ring. HW margin has two conspicuous mid brown Smls (submarginal lines) following the somewhat crenate margin, slightly more crenate than typical in Ht. cowani @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ is almost identical in patterning on either surface except for the proximad exte . Variation. Not much variation is evident between individuals of - + Ht. mimetica and there only one ♂ was dissected. Sexes similar, but ♀ larger, and may have more extensive white area near FW ventral apex. @@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ and there only one ♂ was dissected. Sexes similar, but ♀ larger, and may hav ♂ genitalia : 278DL, PT ( -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 A, LV, DV). Tegumen with fairly straight dorsal profile from LV, where it is relatively quadrate (slight proximad notch from DV). Gnathos narrow with small rounded projection distad at base arising almost perpendicular to base of uncus in its porrect position and curving strongly towards its forwardprojecting and pointed tips (from DV gnathos bends in and out strongly from its stout base). Vinculum strongly arched proximad with moderate constriction with tegumen. Valves with strongly rounded ‘shoulder’ at base, broad throughout with valve arm not much less broad than valve base, fairly parallel sided and spatulate, tips extending further than maximum extension of uncus, with an area of spinoid setae on inner face of tip (not as extensive as in Ht. cowani and - + Ht. exocellata ; @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ and Ht. cowani and - + Ht. exocellata ) and inflated towards tip, while juxta is quite broad and down-lipped proximad. Aedeagus narrowly cupped beyond ostium and quite recurved away from body, fairly thin and parallel-sided. @@ -390,20 +390,20 @@ and Etymology. Refers to the seemingly dual mimetic colour pattern ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 ), on the upperside to - + Ht. sabas ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 E), and on the underside to some forms of Ht. antahala (Ward, 1872) ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 F); some Strabena @@ -421,15 +421,15 @@ and exhibit similar HWV patterns (see e.g. d’Abrera, 1997 ). In these butterflies, there is a similar configuration on the underside of ocelli set in a mainly white area. Unlike in most of the - + Ht. strigula group, but as in others of the - + Ht. exocellata group, and in some other more early diverging clades of - + Heteropsis , the HW space-M3 ocellus is expressed. @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ This species was first recognized in the field by Claire Kremen at Anjanaharibe Ht. cowani in BMNH and MNHN from Fianarantsoa ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 C-D), Ranomafana, Andrambovato or other collected localities of author or others (Vohiparara/ Sahavondronina, Ambondrombe, Anjozorobe). In Ht. cowani @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ were examined. The LT ♂ of Butler, 1880 is here designated as the specimen ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 C) bearing labels “ Lectotype | @@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ of , pl. 569, figs 4909, 4910 from ‘Fianarantsoa’, were also examined; the ♂ specimen, that is here designated the lectotype ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 D), bears the data “ Lectotype | @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ is clearly synonymous with Ht. cowani (BMAD122-15, DL14Z-050, Anjozorobe), whereas about 10% divergent to - + Ht. exocellata ( @@ -527,11 +527,11 @@ is clearly synonymous with Ht. cowani has a G and a C (as in - + Ht. exocellata ), - + Ht. mimetica has an A and a C (n= @@ -565,11 +565,11 @@ growing on quartzite substrate, next to a stream (pers. obs.). Similar habitat o Behaviour : flies low, apparently mimetic of - + Ht. sabas in flight, as first noted by Claire Kremen (pers. comm.). All individuals were caught low down along or near the path; - + Ht. mimetica , like @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ seems reluctant to come to fruit bait. The key functional aspect of this whiteni endemic to the rainforest of northeast Madagascar and apparently extremely localized, known from only two very localised sites ( -Fig. 30 +Fig. 30 A, yellow dots). The species was searched for in its type locality in diff --git a/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2.xml b/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2.xml index a5c122282bb..39b2f354cf5 100644 --- a/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2.xml +++ b/data/03/87/47/038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2.xml @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ - - - -Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision + + + +Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision - - -Author + + +Author -C, Lees David +C, Lees David -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2016 - -4118 + +2016 + +4118 - -1 + +1 - -1 -97 + +1 +97 -journal article -38930 -10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 -a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 -1175-5326 -264597 -CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD +journal article +38930 +10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1 +a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619 +1175-5326 +264597 +CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD - + - + Heteropsis exocellata group @@ -52,37 +52,37 @@ group A small clade supported by multiple genes (Aduse-Poku et al ., 2015, -Fig 1 +Fig 1 ; Suppl. S4) for two sampled species, - + Ht. exocellata and - + Ht. cowani (Butler, 1880) , with an intriguing published topology (albeit with moderate bootstrap support) as sister to all other Malagasy Region - + Heteropsis . This clade is also morphologically characterised ( Lees, 1997 ) by the following combination of features: HW ocellus strongly expressed in dorsal space-M3 as well as space-CuA1; spatulate valves, toothed mesad near the slightly folded tip which projects beyond the uncus; gnathos with basal curved projection which is unique among Malagasy - + Heteropsis and developed (at least in - + Ht . exocellata and - + Ht. cowani ) with its main arm downward arching over the uncus ( @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ and ). The vinculum is strongly bowed proximad from LV. See Paulian (1951) for variation in the ♂ genitalia of - + Ht. exocellata (under its synonyms @@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ Linares : 488–489), who include representatives from the type localities of both nominal taxa and find no evidence for reciprocal monophyly among the respective populations. The biology of the - + H. exocellata group is unknown, but these are low flying forest interior butterflies likely to be associated with low grasses, which seem rarely attracted to fruit. They tend to occur in localised and bright forest pockets with a very humid aspect such as near streams, up to around 1800 m elevation. - + Ht. exocellata has been observed hilltopping on a ridge (pers. obs.). diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF802E06FF09124AFE08F7CF.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF802E06FF09124AFE08F7CF.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 48d3eb4d0ac..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF802E06FF09124AFE08F7CF.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,400 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius semiflavus -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - - - - - - - - -( -Figs 6C -, -7D -, -9D, G -, -11A–C -, 12G, 13G, 14G) - - - - - -Fairmaire and Germain 1862: 428 -(original description as - -Quedius semiflavus - -); -Gemminger and Harold 1868: 570 -(as synonym of - -Quedius lividipennis - -); -Bernhauer and Schubert 1916: 434 -(as - -Quedius semiflavus - -, catalogue); -Germain 1903: 443 -(as - -Loncovilius semiflavus - -, characters); -Coiffait and Sáiz 1966: 411 -(as - -Loncovilius -s.s. -semiflavus - -; characters); Coiffait and Sáiz, 1968: 365 (as - -Loncovilius -s.s. -semiflavus - -, checklist); -Sáiz 1971: 385 -(as - -Loncovilius -s.s. -semiflavus - -; additional material); -Herman 2001b: 3083 -(as - -Loncovilius semiflavus - -; catalog). - - - - - -Type material. - -Lectotype -: -male -, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial, with labels as follows: Coll. et det -A. Fauvel - - -Quedius semiflavus -Fairm and Germ - -. R.I.S. - -c.N.B. 17.479/ Concepcion/Lectotype [Red label]/ - -Loncovilius - -( -s -. -s -.) - -semiflavus - -1964 det. -Coiff. -et -Sáiz/J. L. Reyes-Hernández -det. 2022 [ -RBINS -]. - - - - -Paralectotypes -: - -Coll. et det. -A. Fauvel -, - - -Quedius semiflavus -Fairm and Germ - -., R.I.Sc.N.B. - -17.479/paralectotype [red paper]/ - -Loncovilius semiflavus - -, 1964 det. Coiff. et -Sáiz/J. L. Reyes-Hernández -det. 2022; concepcion/ - -semiflavus -Fairm. Germ. - -/R.I.Sc.N.B. 17.479, Coll. et det. A. Fauvel/paralectotype [red paper]/ - -Loncovilius semiflavus - -, 1964 det. Coiff. et Saiz/J. L. Reyes-Hernández det. 2022 [ -RBINS -]. - - - -Other material examined: -Supporting Information, File S7. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Elytra translucent yellow or yellowish-brown. Male tergite X with broad U-shape emargination medially ( -Fig. 12G -); female tergite X slightly emarginate medio-apically ( -Fig. 13G -). Aedeagus as in -Figure 11A–C -. - - - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 10]: FBL = 3.82–4.19 (4.02); TL = 6.25–6.88 (6.54); HW = 1–1.05 (1.03); HL = 0.98–1.09 (1.02); HW/HL = 0.96–1.04 (1.01); PW = 1.28–1.44 (1.35); PL = 1.28–1.43 (1.35); PW/ PL = 0.99–1.01 (1); EW = 1.66–1.8 (1.74); EL = 1.5–1.8 (1.65); PW/HW = 1.27–1.37 (1.32). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 10]: FBL = 4.1– 4.45 (4.29); TL = 7.2–8.6 (7.77); HW = 1.08–1.15 (1.1); HL = 1.04–1.13 (1.06); HW/HL = 1–1.06 (1.04); PW = 1.4– 1.5 (1.47); PL = 1.38–1.5 (1.46); PW/PL = 0.98–1.05 (1.01); EW = 1.85–1.9 (1.88); EL = 1.67–1.82 (1.77); PW/ HW = 1.27–1.39 (1.34). - -Head and pronotum yellow-orange or reddish-brown, usually females darker than males; elytra translucent yellow; antennae, mouthparts, and legs yellow or yellowish-brown; mesosternum, metasternum, metacoxa and abdomen dark reddish-brown; abdominal segments with pale posterior margin. - -Head from slightly wider than long, to slightly longer than wide; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures and very fine microsculpture of transverse waves, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with sparse setiferous punctures of medium and small size. Eyes medium size (EYL/HL = x = 0.5), from 1.2 to 1.4 times as long as temples (in lateral view); distance between eyes about 1.2 times as long as length of eye in males and 1.39 times in females. Antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length; antennomeres 4 and 5 subequal in length; antennomeres 5 to 10 gradually becoming shorter apicad; a11 is from 1.88 to 2 times as long as a -10 in -males and from 1.6 to 1.8 times in females. Basal puncture single; parocular puncture usually single too, distinctly separated from eye margin; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; ventral basal ridge rather straight, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge reduced; postmandibular ridge reaching close to eye margin; PMP greatly reduced; nuchal ridge distinct only laterally, nuchal and infraorbital ridges fused; gular sutures moderately and equally separated in both sexes. Mandibles without dorsolateral groove; labrum with trapezoidal sclerotized region and entire apical margin; mentum with seta alpha only; penultimate labial palpomere only weakly dilated apicad, subequal in width with more or less subconical apical palpomere. - -Pronotum about as wide as long, strongly convex, evenly curved at sides, with two PPDS, without APP, with one SLSP; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) not interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly punctate, interspaces from about as long as, to three times as long as, diameter of punctures. Mesosternum with three or four macrosetae arranged in a row medially. -Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, without laterodorsal row of thick spines in both sexes. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin straight or slightly sinuate. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with only a few rows of coarse punctures of moderate density, with large impunctate area; tergite VIII distinctly emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina descending medially at a sharp point; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flattened. Male sterniteVIIIwithstrong ( -Fig.14G -),V-shapedemarginationmedially; female sternite VIII with weak apical medial emargination; male sternite IX with arcuate emargination medially, its basal portion distinctly longer than distal portion; male tergite X with broad U-shape emargination medially ( -Fig. 12G -); female tergite X slightly emarginate medio-apically ( -Fig. 13G -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially. - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 11A–C -, its length 1.21; median lobe rod-like with moderately emarginate apex; paramere slightly produced over apex of median lobe, wider than median lobe, its sides converging in a trapezoidal slightly emarginate apex, with small translucent ‘peg setae’, in lateral view almost straight and slightly concave apically. - - - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius semiflavus - -is known only from -Chile -, from the -Biobío -, -Maule -, Ñuble, and -Santiago -Metropolitan regions where it occurs from -200 to 1200 m -of elevation. Its distribution is confined to the northern portions of the Valdivian temperate forest ecoregion. It has been collected by sifting leaf litter and beating the forest vegetation and flowers, e.g. from - -Drimys winteri - -( -Winteraceae -). - - - - - -Remarks: -Lonvcovilius semiflavus - -was described as a species of - -Quedius - -based on an unspecified number of specimens from ‘Concepcion’ (Concepción city in Central -Chile -) ( -Fairmaire and Germain 1862 -). -Gemminger and Harold (1868) -listed it as a synonym of - -Quedius lividipennis -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 - -, but -Germain (1903) -considered both species valid when erecting a new genus - -Loncovilius - -for them. -Coiffait and Sáiz (1966) -examined -three specimens -from the collection of A. Fauvel in Brussels that they considered -syntypes -of - -L -. -semiflavus - -and designated -one male -as a -lectotype -. Morphology and labels of these -three specimens -match the original description and the type locality, respectively. According to Camousseight (1980), the type material of the species described by Philibert Germain is kept at the National Museum of -Chile -in -Santiago -. However, even though Camousseight (1980) listed type material for - -L. lividipennis - -(see below that species) and some other -Amblyopinini -as being deposited there, he did not mention any types of - -L. semiflavus -. - -Presumably, they could have disappeared, as some other material did during a period when this collection was neglected (Camousseight, 1980), while the material from RBINS studied by -Coiffait and Sáiz (1966) -are -syntypes -that P. Germain could have shared with A. Fauvel, a prominent colleague of that time. Based on that material, -Coiffait and Sáiz (1966) -illustrated the aedeagus of - -L -. -semiflavus - -and, together with - -L -. -lividipennis - -, treated it as a member of the subgenus - -Loncovilius -s.s. - -. Apart from the types, a specimen from La Jaula in Curicó Province of -Chile -listed in -Sáiz (1971) -, was the only additional material reported for this species prior to our revision. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF812E04FEFB1086FD7EF2BF.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF812E04FEFB1086FD7EF2BF.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 7c94c9a3c76..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF812E04FEFB1086FD7EF2BF.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -semiflavus - -group - - - - - - - -Included species: -Loncovilius barclayi - -sp. nov. -and - -L -. -semiflavus -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - -. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Head about as wide as long, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; nuchal ridge absent dorsally, nuchal and infraorbital ridges joined; gula without isodiametric microsculpture in the middle; postmandibular ridge located close to eye margin; PMP (usually reduced); females with antennomere 11 distinctly longer than antennomere 10 (a11:a10 ratio>1.5). Pronotum outline evenly curved, with one SLSP. Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, in both sexes without laterodorsal row of thick spines. Tergites III and IV with only a few rows of coarse punctures of moderate density, with large impunctate area near apical margin ( -Fig. 9D -); tergite VIII with medial apical emargination in both sexes; ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially ( -Fig. 9G -). - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF812E05FEAC12D2FE55F23C.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF812E05FEAC12D2FE55F23C.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 8088a811c57..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF812E05FEAC12D2FE55F23C.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,343 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius barclayi - -sp.nov. - - - - - - - -( -Figs 6D -, -11D–F -, 12H, 13H, 14D) - - - -Zoobank registration: - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -B426E064- 0842-4911-A48A-C7A73A73B5E0 - -. - - -Type material. - - -Holotype -: - -male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial, with labels as follows: -CHILE -: -Valdivia -: -Purulón -[-39.47, -72.69], - -10.I.1986 - -L.E. Peña -, leg. FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST./ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 665 - -/ -HOLOTYPE - -Loncovilius barclayi - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. Deposited at FMNH. - - -Paratypes -: - -CHILE -: -Valdivia -: -Purulón -[-39.47, -72.69], - -10.I.1986 - -L. E. Peña -, leg. FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST./ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 667 - -/ -Loncovilius barclayi J. L. Reyes-Hernández -[ -1♀ -FMNH]; - -CHILE -: -Valdivia -: -Purulón -[-39.47, -72.69], - -10.I.1986 - -L. E. Peña -, leg. FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST./ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 666 -/ -Loncovilius barclayi J. L. Reyes-Hernández -[ -1♂ -NHM -ex. -FMNH -]; - - -Nahuelbuta -IX -Region-Chile -, - -20-I-1993 - -, -Coll. T Curkovic -/ -Loncovilius? semiflavus -det. -Newton -2000 [ -1♂ -]; [ - - -CHILE -:] COLL. CERDA -MNHN -CHILE/ -Nahuelbuta Parque -[-37.80, -73.01] - -22.1.1981 - -. P. [illegible] B/Santiago Mus [ -MNNC -1♂ -] - -; - -CHILE -, IX r., - -25-31.i.2005 - -, -P.N. Nahuelbula -[ -Araucanía -, -Nahuelbuta National Park -] - -37°48 -ʹ -530 - - -73°00 -ʹ -954 - -[-37.80, -73.01], - -1200 m - -, -Sv Bíly -lgt./ -NHMD -916914 -[ -1♂ -NMPC -]; [ - - -CHILE -: no exact location] col. -Fairmaire -/1251/ -Quedius semiflavus -n.sp. -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 190 -[ -1♂ -MNNC -ex. -FMNH -]. - -All -paratypes -with label: PARATYPE - -Loncovilius barclayi - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. - - -Diagnosis: -Elytra yellow or yellowish-brown with black marks around mesoscutellum and on suture. Male tergite X trilobed ( -Fig. 12H -); female tergite X deeply emarginate medio-apically ( -Fig. 13H -). Aedeagus as in -Figure 11D–F -. - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 2.42–3.86 (3.56); TL = 7.13–7.5 (7.32); HW = 0.9– 0.98 (0.95); HL = 0.9–0.98 (0.95); HW/HL = 0.99–1.03 (1); PW = 1.19–1.31 (1.25); PL = 1.25–1.3 (1.28); PW/ PL = 0.93–1.02 (0.98); EW = 1.54–1.75 (1.64); EL = 1.45– 1.65 (1.56); PW/HW = 1.28–1.34 (1.31). - - -Measurements -♀ -( -N -= 1): FBL = 4.03; TL = 7.5; HW = 1.05; HL = 1; HW/HL = 1.05; PW = 1.38; PL = 1.38; PW/PL = 1; EW = 1.7; EL = 1.65; PW/HW = 1.31. - -Head and pronotum yellow-orange; antennae, mouthparts, and legs yellow or yellowish-brown; elytra yellow or yellowish-brown with dark mark around mesoscutellum and on suture; meso- and metasternum, all coxae, femora and abdomen dark reddish-brown; abdominal tergites and sternites with pale posterior margin. - -Head from slightly wider than long, to slightly longer than wide; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures and very fine microsculpture of transverse waves, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with sparse setiferous punctures of medium and small-size. Eyes medium size (EYL/HL = x = 0.52), from 1.4 to 1.55 times longer than length of temples (in lateral view); distance between eyes about equal to length of eye. Antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length; antennomeres 4 to 6 subequal in length; antennomeres 6 to 10 gradually reduced in length; a11 1.75 to 1.88 times as long as a -10 in -males and -1.69 in -females. Basal and parocular punctures usually single; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; ventral basal ridge more or less straight in checkmark shape, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge reduced; postmandibular ridge reaching close to eye margin; PMP greatly reduced; nuchal ridge present only laterally, fused with infraorbital ridge; gular sutures moderately separated. Mandibles without dorsolateral groove; labrum with trapezoidal sclerotized region and entire apical margin; mentum with seta alpha only; penultimate labial palpomere only weakly dilated apicad, subequal in width with more or less subconical apical palpomere. - -Pronotum about as wide as long, strongly convex, evenly curved, with two PPDS, without APP, with one SLSP; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (or process) not interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly punctate, interspaces from about as long as, to two or four times as long as, diameter of punctures. Mesosternum with four macrosetae arranged in a row medially. -Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, without laterodorsal row of thick spines in both sexes. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 2–4with pale adhesive setae without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin straight or slightly sinuate. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with only a few rows of coarse punctures of moderate density, with large impunctate area; tergite VIII distinctly emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina descending medially at a sharp point; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flattened. Male sternite VIII with strong, V-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14H -); female sternite VIII with weak apical medial emargination; male sternite IX not emarginate medio-apically, its basal portion distinctly longer than distal portion; male tergite X trilobed ( -Fig. 12H -); female tergite X deeply emarginate medio-apically ( -Fig. 13H -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially ( -Fig 9G -). - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 11D–F -, its length ~ 1.46; median lobe rod-like, in parameral view apex deeply emarginate; internal sac with pair of long I-shaped copulatory sclerites. Paramere slightly produced over apex of median lobe, wider than median lobe, its sides converging into a deeply emarginate apex, with dark peg setae, in lateral view almost straight and slightly concave apically. - - -Etymology: -The species epithet is a patronym in recognition of Maxwell V.L.Barclay, in particular for his earlier mentoring of J.J.S.. - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius barclayi - -is known only from -Chile -, from the -Araucanía -and -Los Ríos -regions, in the north-central portion of the Valdivian temperate forest ecoregion. It is unknown how it was collected. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF822E00FCC41098FA3AF32C.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF822E00FCC41098FA3AF32C.xml deleted file mode 100644 index ffc4cbbc55b..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF822E00FCC41098FA3AF32C.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,349 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius lividipennis -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - - - - - - - - -( -Figs 7A -, -9E -, -11G, H -, 12I, 13I, 14I) - - - - - -Fairmaire and Germain 1862: 430 -(as - -Philonthus lividipennis - -, original description); Fauvel, 1866: 338 (as - -Quedius lividipennis - -, additional characters); -Bernhauer and Schubert 1916: 427 -(as - -Quedius lividipennis - -, catalogue); Scheerpeltz, 1972: 23 [as - -Quedius (Loncovilius) lividipennis -; - -additional material]; -Germain 1903: 443 -(as - -Loncovilius lividipennis - -, characters); -Coiffait and Sáiz 1966: 409 -(as - -Loncovilius -s.s. -lividipennis - -; characters; additional material); Coiffait and Sáiz, 1968: 365 (as - -Loncovilius -s.s. -lividipennis - -, checklist); -Sáiz 1971: 385 -(as - -Loncovilius -s.s. -lividipennis - -; additional material); -Herman 2001b: 3083 -(as - -Loncovilius lividipennis - -, catalogue); - -Jenkins Shaw -et al -., 2020: 337 - -(as - -Loncovilius -nr. -semiflavus - -; phylogeny). - - - - -Material examined: -Supporting Information, File S7. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Pronotum very rarely with APP. Elytra yellow or yellowish-brown. Sternite III with basal transverse carina sharply pointed medioapically. Aedeagus as in -Figure 11G, H -. - - - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 10]: FBL = 3.09–3.36 (3.22); TL = 5.15–6.86 (6.20); HW = 0.79– 0.84 (0.81); HL = 0.78–0.84 (0.81); HW/HL = 0.98–1.02 (1); PW = 1.05–1.17 (1.11); PL = 0.97–1.08 (1.02); PW/ PL = 1.08–1.11 (1.09); EW = 1.38–1.84 (1.56); EL = 1.33– 1.44 (1.4); PW/HW = 1.31–1.42 (1.37). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 10]: FBL = 3.13–3.68 (3.42); TL = 5.87–6.68 (6.29); HW = 0.78– 0.89 (0.85); HL = 0.8–0.9 (0.85); HW/HL = 0.98–1.02 (1); PW = 0.95–1.24 (1.14); PL = 0.89–1.16 (1.06); PW/ PL = 1.04–1.11 (1.08); EW = 1.54–1.82 (1.64); EL = 1.33– 1.63 (1.5); PW/HW = 1.1–1.41 (1.35). - -Most of antennae, mouthparts, pronotum, elytra, legs yellow or yellowish-brown; last three or five antennomeres and pronotum sometimes darker; head, mandibles, pro-, meso-, and metasternum, metacoxal, and abdomen reddish-brown; tergites and sternites with pale posterior margin. - -Head from slightly wider than long, to slightly longer than wide; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures and microsculpture of transverse waves, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with several setiferous punctures of medium and small size. Eyes small (EYL/ HL = x = 0.47), from 1.07 to 1.44 times as long as temples (in lateral view) in males and -1.06 to 1.25 in -females; distance between eyes about 1.16 times as long as length of eye in males and 1.35 times in females. Antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length; antennomeres 4 to 7 subequal in length; antennomeres 8 to 10 subequal in length; a11 from 1.88 to 2.2 times long as a -10 in -males and from -1.72 to 1.94 in -females. Basal and parocular punctures usually single; posterior frontal puncture located posterior to temporal puncture; without small setose punctures between frontoclypeal punctures and anterior frontal punctures; ventral basal ridge rather straight, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge present; postmandibular ridge reaching close to eye margin; PMP greatly reduced; nuchal ridge present laterally and dorsally, fused with infraorbital ridge; gula without microsculpture medially, gular sutures moderately separated. Mandibles without dorsolateral groove; labrum with trapezoidal sclerotized region and entire apical margin; mentum with seta alpha only; penultimate labial palpomere markedly dilated apicad, apical palpomere distinctly narrower than previous and more or less subconical. - -Pronotum slightly transverse, convex, evenly curved, with two PPDS, usually without APP, with one SLSP; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) not interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly punctate, interspaces from about as long as, to one or three times as long as, diameter of punctures. Mesosternum with seven macrosetae arranged in two rows medially. -Protibiae usually sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines only in females; rarely in males too. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 moderately longer than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin straight or slightly sinuate. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with several rows of punctures of moderate size and density, without a sizeable impunctate area; tergite VIII emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina descending medially at a sharp point; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flattened. Male sternite VIII with deep sharp V-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14I -); female sternite VIII with arcuate emargination medially; male sternite IX with V-shaped emargination medially, its basal portion moderately longer than distal portion; male tergite X with deep U-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 12I -); female tergite X with V-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 13I -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially. - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 11G, H -; its total length 1.05–1.15. - - - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius lividipennis - -is known from -Chile -and -Argentina -. In -Chile -, it occurs in the -Araucanía -, -Biobío -, -Los Lagos -, -Los Ríos -, and Ñuble regions. In -Argentina -, it is confined to the westernmost portions of the -Chubut -, -Neuquén -, and -Río Negro -provinces. The species occurs from -550 to 1600 m -elevation; it is reported in the - -Araucaria -- -Nothofagus - -forests from central and north-central portions of the Valdivian temperate forest ecoregion. It has been collected using Malaise and window traps, beating the forest vegetation, attracted to ultraviolet lights, sifted from moss and leaf litter, and directly from male cones of - -Araucaria araucana - -and flowers, e.g. from - -Desmaria mutabilis - -( -Loranthaceae -) on - -Nothofagus -sp. - - - - - -Remarks: -This species was described in the genus - -Philonthus -( -Fairmaire and Germain 1862: 430 -) - -based on an unspecified number of -syntypes -from the Andean forests near Chillan, a city in central -Chile -. Fauvel (1866) moved the species to the genus - -Quedius - -, while -Germain (1903) -to his genus - -Loncovilius - -. Scheerpeltz (1972), who treated - -Loncovilius - -at the rank of a subgenus of - -Quedius - -, listed significant new material for this species. -Coiffait and Sáiz (1966) -provided the species redescription and first illustration of the aedeagus based on the non-type material that comes from localities other than ‘Chillan’. -Sáiz (1971) -listed a few more specimens. Camousseight (1980) lists a ‘ -paratype -N 2267–2272’ of - -Philonthus lividipennis - -from Germain’s collection at the National Museum of -Chile -in -Santiago -, which is apparently a -syntype -. -Coiffait and Sáiz (1966) -denoted one of the specimens they examined as a -neotype -of - -L.lividipennis - -. Although we were unable to examine any -syntypes -of - -L. lividipennis - -, we assume that the currently accepted concept of this species is correct, because the only other externally similar species, - -L. carlsbergi - -sp. nov. -, is known only further south, from the Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregion. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF832E06FEFD17FDFABFF0F0.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF832E06FEFD17FDFABFF0F0.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 1ae54682402..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF832E06FEFD17FDFABFF0F0.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -lividipennis - -group - - - - - - - -Included species: -Loncovilius carlsbergi - -sp. nov. -and - -L -. -lividipennis -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - -. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Head about as wide as long, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; nuchal ridge complete dorsally, connected with infraorbital ridge; gula without isodiametric microsculpture in the middle; posterior frontal puncture located posterior to temporal puncture; postmandibular ridge located close to eye margin; PMP (usually reduced); females with antennomere 11 distinctly longer than antennomere 10 (a11:a10 ratio>1.5). Pronotum outline evenly curved. Tergites III and IV with several rows of punctures of moderate size and density, without a sizeable impunctate area near to apical margin ( -Fig. 9E -); tergite VIII with medial apical emargination in both sexes; ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF832E07FC7D1086FB1DF0EE.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF832E07FC7D1086FB1DF0EE.xml deleted file mode 100644 index dea63524ade..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF832E07FC7D1086FB1DF0EE.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,406 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius carlsbergi - -sp.nov. - - - - - - - -( -Figs 7B, E -, -8A -, -11I, J -, 12J, 13J, 14J) - - - -Zoobank registration: - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -C2A7BAAE-3D40-4ED6-9C8D-09602F86B9B3 - -. - - -Type material. - - -Holotype -: - -male, pinned, with labels as follows: [ -CHILE -: -Magallanes -and - -Chilean -Antarctica, Puerto Edén - -] -Wellington Is. Pto. Eden -[-49.11, -74.40] - -4.XII1958 - -/CHILE -Fr Kuschel -/ -NHM -[blue label]/ -NHMD -916967 - -/ -HOLOTYPE - -Loncovilius carlsbergi - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. Deposited at NHM. - - -Paratypes -: - -[ -CHILE -: -Magallanes -and - -Chilean -Antarctica, Puerto Edén - -] Wellington Is. Pto. Eden - -4.XII.1958 - -/ - - -CHILE -Fr Kuschel/ -NHM -[blue label] [ -2♂ -6♀ -NHM -; -1♀ -NHMD -ex. -NHM -; -1♀ -CZUG -ex. -NHM -; -1♂ -FMNH -ex. -NHM -]; [same data as above except:] - -20.XI.1958 - -[ -5♂ -1♀ -NHM -; -1♀ -FMNH -ex. -NHM -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes -and -Chilean Antarctica -] - -Nothofagus antarctica - -/ CHILE HE -I.Puerto Eden -, -Isla Wellington -[-49.126, -74.40] 490S - -40 ft. - - -29.xi.1958 - -/ -NHM -[ -1♀ -NHM -]; [same data as above except:] - - -CHILE -HE6. [ -1♀ -NHM -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica -] S. CHILE -Pto. Edén Wellington Is -. [-49.126, -74.40] - -Dec.7-15 - -,’62 PJDarlinton/FIELD MUSEUM ex -MCZ -(retained duplic.)/ - -Loncovilius lividipennis - -( -F -+ -G -) det. -A. Newton -1993 [ -1♂ -FMNH -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica -] - -Nothofagus antarctica - -/CHILE -Pena.Munoz -, HM3. -Gamero -. - -20–40 ft. - -[-52.33, -73.53, - -12m - -] - -27.xii.1958 - -/ -NHM -[ -3♂ -2♀ -NHM -; -1♂ -1♀ -MNNC -ex. -NHM -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica -] -Munoz Gamero -[-52.33, -73.53] - -27.XII.1958 - -/CHILE -Fr. Kuschel -/Shore/ -NHM -[ -6♂ -3♀ -NHM -; - - -1♂ -NHMD -ex. -NHM -]; [ -CHILE -: -Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica -] -P.Voillians -[Puerto Williams, -54.93, -67.619] 10.1-1959/CHILE -Fr Kuschel -/4/ -NHM -[ -1♂ -CZUG -ex. -NHM -]. - -All paratypes with label: PARATYPE - -Loncovilius carlsbergi - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. - - -Diagnosis: -Pronotum with APP. Elytra yellowish-brown. Sternite III with basal transverse carina evenly converging at an obtuse angle. Aedeagus as in -Figure 11I, J -. - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 3.5–3.95 (3.69); TL = 6.47–7.17 (6.71); HW = 0.87– 0.95 (0.9); HL = 0.89–0.95 (0.91); HW/HL = 0.95–1.03 (0.99); PW = 1.19–1.3 (1.25); PL = 1.11–1.2 (1.16); PW/ PL = 1.03–1.13 (1.08); EW = 1.75–1.86 (1.81); EL = 1.46–1.8 (1.61); PW/HW = 1.36–1.44 (1.38). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 3.73– 3.94 (3.85); TL = 6.82–8.54 (7.92); HW = 0.91–0.96 (0.94); HL = 0.93–0.97 (0.95); HW/HL = 0.98–1 (0.99); PW = 1.2– 1.36 (1.28); PL = 1.2–1.26 (1.23); PW/PL = 1–1.09 (1.04); EW = 1.71–1.96 (1.84); EL = 1.59–1.74 (1.67); PW/ HW = 1.32–1.42 (1.36). - -Head, mandibles, legs, last antennomeres, and last palpomeres dark-brown; first palpomeres and antennomeres, and elytra yellow; pronotum yellowish-brown; tergites and sternites with pale posterior margin. - -Head from slightly wider than long, to slightly longer than wide; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures and microsculpture of transverse waves, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with several setiferous punctures of medium and small-size. Eyes small size (EYL/HL = x = 0.45), from 1.27 to 1.35 times as long as temples (in lateral view) in males and from 1 to 1.16 times in females; distance between eyes about 1.24 times as long as length of eye in males and 1.41 times in females. Antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length; antennomeres 4 to 7 subequal in length; antennomeres 8 antennomeres 10 subequal in length; a11 from 1.62 to 2 times as long as a -10 in -males and from -1.56 to 1.69 in -females. Basal and parocular punctures usually single; posterior frontal puncture located posterior to temporal puncture; without small setose punctures between frontoclypeal punctures and anterior frontal punctures; ventral basal ridge rather straight, ends distinctly far from gular sutures; postgenal ridge present; postmandibular ridge reaching close to eye margin; PMP greatly reduced; nuchal ridge present laterally and dorsally, fused with infraorbital ridge; gula without microsculpture medially, gular sutures moderately separated in males and widely in females. Mandibles without dorsolateral groove; labrum with trapezoidal sclerotized region and entire apical margin; mentum with seta alpha only; penultimate labial palpomere markedly dilated apicad, apical palpomere distinctly narrower than previous and more or less subconical. - -Pronotum slightly transverse, convex, evenly curved, with two PPDS, with an APP, with one SLSP; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) not interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly punctate, interspaces from about as long as, to three or five times as long as, diameter of punctures. Mesosternum with five macrosetae arranged in two rows medially. -Protibiae sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines only in females. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 moderately longer than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin bilobed. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with several rows of punctures of moderate size and density, without a sizeable impunctate area; tergite VIII emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina evenly converging at an obtuse angle; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flattened. Male sternite VIII with rectangular V-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14J -); female sternite VIII with arcuate emargination medially; male sternite IX with obtuse emargination medially, its basal portion moderately longer than distal portion; male tergite X with U-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 12J -); female tergite X with U-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 13J -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially. - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 11I, J -; its total length 1.35–1.45. - - -Etymology: -The species epithet is in honour of the Denmarkbased Carlsberg beer brewery, whose generous grants and beverages have facilitated much research in the Solodovnikov Lab. In addition, the male aedeagus resembles a bottle opener. - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius carlsbergi - -is known only from the Magallanes and Chilean -Antarctica -Region of -Chile -, where it occurs in lowlands confined to Magellanic subpolar forest ecoregions. It is unknown how it was collected. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF842E01FF3913F8FB72F0F0.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF842E01FF3913F8FB72F0F0.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 24059f16796..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF842E01FF3913F8FB72F0F0.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,205 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - -Genus - -Lienturius -Coiffait and Sáiz, 1966 - -stat. nov. - - - - - - - -( -Fig. 15B -) - - - - - -Coiffait and Sáiz 1966: 403 -[original description; as subgenus of - -Loncovilius - -; species included: - -aeneipennis - -(as - -heeri - -), - -discoideus - -, - -germaini - -, and - -leiocephalus - -]; -Sáiz 1969: 9 -(subgenus of - -Lienturius - -; notes); -Sáiz 1971: 382 -, 383 (subgenus of - -Lienturius - -; characters; -Chile -); -Newton, 2022 -[synonym of - -Quedius -( -Apoquedius -) Scheerpeltz, 1972 - -]. - - - - - -Type -species: - - -Lienturius leiocephalus -( -Solier, 1849 -) - - -comb. nov. - - - - - -Diagnosis: -The phylogenetic relationship of - -Lienturius - -to the rest of the -Amblyopinini -genera remains unknown, so it is likely that the diagnosis of this genus will change as we wait for the results of our pending phylogenomic research. For the moment the only species of this genus is distinguished based on the combination of the following characters: head with three or more paraocular punctures on each side (not in a row), of which at least one is close to the eye margin and one is far from the eye margin and the remaining paraocular punctures, posterior frontal puncture anterior to temporal puncture; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) rounded and not interrupted by inferior line; elytra without humeral spines or spine-like setae; two short empodial setae on each tarsomere 5; tergites III–VI with PTBC, sternite III with basal transverse carina converging abruptly at an acute angle with rounded tip. - -Lienturius - -is easily distinguished from - -Loncovilius - -by the absence of a complete frontoclypeal suture; ventral side of meso- and metatarsi in males and females without pale adhesive setae; presence of protergal glands; presence of PTBC in tergites III to VI. - - - - -Distribution: -Only known from the Southern zone of -Chile -. - - - - -Remarks: -The new combination implemented here [ - -Lienturius leiocephalus -( -Solier, 1849 -) - -] is supported by the phylogenetic analysis based on eight homoplasious synapomorphies: right mandible with proximal tooth and distal tooth, distal tooth not bifid, space between proximal and distal teeth narrow and smooth (character 24, state 2); labrum, shape of anterior margin (only sclerotized part, excluding apical membrane where present) entire, without emargination (character 28, state 1); three or more paraocular punctures (character 41, state 2); posterior frontal puncture anterior to temporal puncture (character 42, state 0); pronotum with SLSP (character 55, state 1); protarsi with tarsomeres 1–3 as long as wide (character 63, state 0); tergite VI with PTBC (character 89, state 1); sternite III with basal transverse carina converging abruptly at an acute angle with rounded tip (character 99, state 3). - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF842E02FCF1108AFE04F4D2.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF842E02FCF1108AFE04F4D2.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 53c6ebb8219..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF842E02FCF1108AFE04F4D2.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,349 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - -Genus - -Sphingoquedius -Bernhauer, 1941 - -stat. nov. - - - - - - - -( -Fig. 15C -) - - - - - - -Sphingoquedius -Bernhauer 1941: 27 - -(original description; species included: - -strandi - -); Klimaszewski -et al -. (1996): 151 ( - -Sphingoquedius - -; endemic to -New Zealand -); -Solodovnikov and Schomann 2009: 34 -(included in phylogenetic analysis); -Jenkins Shaw and Solodovnikov (2016) -: 22 (absent on Lord Howe Island); Solodovnikov and Brunke (2016): 43 (new combination); Solodovnikov and -Jenkins Shaw (2017) -: 318 (notes on relationship); - -Jenkins Shaw -et al -. 2017: 714 - -(included in phylogenetic analysis); - -Jenkins Shaw -et al -. 2020a: 45 - -(notes on relationship); - -Jenkins Shaw -et al -. 2020b: 2 - -(description of new fossil species). - - - - - -Type -species: - - -Sphingoquedius strandi -Bernhauer, 1941 - -. - - - - -Included species: - -Sphingoquedius brevis -( -Sáiz 1971 -) - - -comb. nov. - -, - - -S -. -discoideus - -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - - -comb. nov. -, - - -S -. -meto -Jenkins Shaw et al., 2020b - -, - - -S -. -nanus - -( -Sáiz, 1971 -) - - -comb. nov. - -, - -S -. -novaezeelandiae -(Duvivier, 1883) - -, - -S -. -strandi -Bernhauer, 1941 - -. - - - - -Diagnosis: -The diagnosis of - -Sphingoquedius - -is likely to change pending phylogenomic results; however, these species can be tentatively placed in - -Sphingoquedius - -based on the large eyes and presence of patches of pale radiating setae on abdominal tergites III and IV. American - -Sphingoquedius - -are easily distinguished from - -Loncovilius - -by empodial setae as long as the tarsal claws; ventral side of meso- and metatarsi in males and females without pale adhesive setae; presence of protergal glands; presence of patches of pale radiating setae on abdominal tergites; sternite III with basal transverse carina converges abruptly at an acute angle with rounded tip (projection sides invaginated). - - - - -Distribution: -After the taxonomic changes implemented here, - -Sphingoquedius - -occurs in -New Zealand -and southern South America. A single fossil species ( - -Sphingoquedius meto - -) is known from the earliest Miocene of -New Zealand -( - -Jenkins Shaw -et al -. 2020b - -). - - - - -Remarks: -The new combinations implemented here [ - -Sphingoquedius nanus -( -Sáiz, 1971 -) - -; - -Sphingoquedius brevis -( -Sáiz, 1971 -) - -; - -Sphingoquedius discoideus -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - -] are supported by the phylogenetic analysis where species of - -Sphingoquedius - -are united based on two unique synapomorphies: empodial setae longer or at least as long as tarsal claws (character 62, state 1; empodial setae missing in - -S -. -strandi - -); abdomen with tergites III and IV bearing patches of pale radiating setae (character 93, state 2; also see: - -Jenkins Shaw -et al -. 2020b - -: fig. 2.3); and a single homoplasious synapomorphy: postmandibular ridge located close to eye margin (character 16, state 1). - - - -Figure 15. -Habitus of -Amblyopinini -genera. A, - -Apoquedius aeneipennis -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - -. B, - -Lienturius leiocephalus -( -Solier, 1849 -) - -. C, - -Sphingoquedius discoideus -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - -. - - - -Numerous described and undescribed species from -New Zealand -and -Australia -may also belong to - -Sphingoquedius - -and will be dealt with separately pending further study. Even though the generic placement of the new combinations implemented here may change further, their placement in - -Sphingoquedius - -is supported by the phylogenetic analysis and can at least be regarded as a step in the right direction. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF852E01FC11135AFE64F3CE.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF852E01FC11135AFE64F3CE.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 5159be6cd2a..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FF852E01FC11135AFE64F3CE.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,216 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - -Genus - -Apoquedius -Scheerpeltz, 1972 - -stat. nov. - - - - - - - -( -Fig. 15A -) - - - - - - -Apoquedius -Scheerpeltz, 1972: 24 - -, 25 (original description; as subgenus of - -Quedius - -; included species: - -aeneipennis - -and - -piciformis - -); -Herman 2001a: 24 -(synonym of - -Loncovilius - -); -Newton, 2022 -(synonym of - -Loncovilius -( -Lienturius -) - -. - - - - - -Type -genus: - - -Apoquedius aeneipennis -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - - -comb. nov. - - - - - -Included species: - -Apoquedius aeneipennis -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - - -comb. nov. - -, - -A. piciformis -(Bernhauer, 1912) - - -comb. nov. - - - - - - -Diagnosis: -Apoquedius - -can be diagnosed based on the head with frontoclypeal suture distinct only laterally; wide neck; paraocular punctures present; apical segment of maxillary palpi fusiform; apical segment of labial palpi fusiform, widest at the middle portion; apical labial palpomere distinctly longer than penultimate labial palpomere; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension or process elongated and thin; two short empodial setae on each tarsal 5 segment; metacoxae with more than four spines on the posterior surface; abdomen with apical row of setae at the anterior margin of tergites and sternites III–VI; anterior margin of tergites III–VI distinctly crenulate. - -Apoquedius - -is easily distinguished from - -Loncovilius - -by the shape of the maxillary palps, which are fusiform; the shape of the postcoxal process which is thin and elongated; ventral side of meso- and metatarsi in males and females without pale adhesive setae; presence of protergal glands; presence of PTBC in tergites III to V; the most apical row of setae at the apical margin of tergites and sternites III to VI giving a crenulated appearance. - - - - -Distribution: -As of now, - -Apoquedius - -is restricted to -Chile -and -Argentina -. - - - - -Remarks: -The monophyly of - -Apoquedius - -is supported by a unique synapomorphy: flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension or process elongated and thin (character 58, state 1); and 11 homoplastic synapomorphies: head with frontoclypeal suture distinct only laterally (character 1, state 1); infraorbital ridge (IOR) not merged with postgenal ridge (PGR) (character 17, state 1); apical segment of maxillary palpi more or less fusiform, widest at its middle portion (character 29, state 0); apical segment of labial palpi more or less fusiform, widest at the middle portion (character 32, state 0); apical labial palpomere distinctly longer than penultimate labial palpomere (character 33, state 1); two parocular punctures on each side (character 41, state 1); basisternum from about as long as to moderately longer than furcasternum (character 46, state 0); protibiae, apical tibial spur distinctly outside tibial margin (character 66, state 1); more than four spines on the posterior surface of metacoxae (character 73, state 1); mesothorax with sternopleural (anapleural) suture transverse, or nearly transverse (very slightly oblique) (character 79, state 0); abdomen with apical row of setae at the anterior margin of tergites and sternites III–VI and anterior margin of tergites III–VI distinctly crenulate (character 90, state 1). Several undescribed species from southern South America and one described species from -Tasmania -likely belong to - -Apoquedius - -pending further examination. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFAB2E33FF4015B0FA8BF353.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFAB2E33FF4015B0FA8BF353.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 9d8a8fac2f8..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFAB2E33FF4015B0FA8BF353.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,996 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - -Genus - -Loncovilius -Germain, 1903 - -sensu nov. - - - - - - - -( -Figs 4–15 -) - - - - - - - -Loncovilius -Germain 1903: 439 - -(original description; species included: - -semiflavus - -, - -lividipennis - -); - -Bernhauer and Schubert 1916: 417 - - - -(subgenus of - -Quedius - -); - -Blackwelder 1952: 226 - - -( - -type -species - -Loncovilius semiflavus - -, by subsequent designation); - -Coiffait and Sáiz 1966: 401 - -(characters; key to Chilean species); - -Sáiz 1971: 387 -, 389 - -(notes on biogeography; notes on phenetic relationships). - - - - - - -Type -species: - - -Loncovilius semiflavus -( -Fairmaire and Germain 1862 -) - -. - - - - - -Included species: -Loncovilius barclayi - -sp. nov. -, - -L -. -cantharoides - -sp. nov. -, - -L. carlsbergi - -sp. nov. -, - -L -. -edwardsianus -(Korge, 1963) - -, - -L -. -germaini -( -Scheerpeltz, 1933 -) - -, - -L -. -hammondi - -sp. nov. -, - -L -. -impunctus - -sp. nov. -, - -L -. -lividipennis -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - -, - -L -. -semiflavus -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - -, and - -Loncovilius variabilis - -sp. nov -.. - - - - - -Diagnosis: -Loncovilius - -can be distinguished from all other genera in -Amblyopinini -based on the combination of the following characters: frontoclypeal (epistomal) suture complete ( -Fig. 7C–E -); basisternum flat, with few punctures, without pair of macrosetae; with rounded flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension or process; two short empodial setae on each tarsomere 5; ventral side of meso- and metatarsi in males and females with pale adhesive setae ( -Fig. 7F -); abdomen without protergal glands; all tergites without posterior transverse basal carina (PTBC); lateral tergal sclerites IX at least slightly longer than tergite VIII. Free-living; females distinctly larger than males. - - - - -Description: -Frontoclypeal (epistomal) suture complete; neck constriction fully developed; neck moderately wide; nuchal ridge latero-ventrally extended anteriad beyond level of postgenal ridge, merged with, or coming very close to, infraorbital ridge; dorsal basal ridge absent; ventral basal ridge extending more or less parallel to ventral portion of postoccipital suture; postgenal ridge partially or completely missing; no extra ridge anterior to postgenal ridge; postmandibular ridge short; infraorbital ridge incomplete; frontoclypeal, anterior frontal, parocular, posterior frontal, and basal punctures present; supra-antennal and interocular punctures absent. To avoid future confusion with the terminology of the setiferous punctures of the head in ventral view we decided to follow that of figure 1 of -Smetana and Davies (2000) -except for its 'genal seta' which we rename here as postmandibular setiferous puncture (PMP) in order to not confuse it with the 'genal puncture' of -Brunke et al. (2019) -which is located in the anterodorsal genal region. PMP is found in the anteroventral genal region, in the area delimited by the margin of the eye, the base of the mandible, and the maxilla, generally associated with the anterior part of the postmandibular ridge when present. In - -Loncovilius - -, the PMP is present, in the - -germaini - -group it is well developed ( -Fig. 8E -), and in the rest of the groups, it is reduced ( -Fig. 8F -). Gula with distinct transverse basal impression; gular sutures (gs) separated from each other. Antennal insertions situated at equal distance to frontoclypeus and to eye (except - -L -. -germaini - -with antennal insertions situated closer to frontoclypeus than to eye); antennae relatively long, all antennomeres elongate, antennomere 1 shorter than or subequal to antennomeres 2 and 3 combined, antennomeres 4 to 11 with tomentose pubescence, males with antennomere 11 (a11) distinctly longer than antennomere (a10) (a11:a10 ratio>1.5), this character varies in females. Mandibles in dorsal view slightly straight with curved base and apex; right mandible with proximal tooth and distal tooth with varying shape; teeth of left mandible vary. In - -germaini - -group, on right mandible, distal tooth bifid, space between proximal and distal teeth narrow and smooth. In - -edwardsianus - -, - -lividipennis - -, - -semiflavus - -, and - -variabilis - -groups, on right mandible, distal tooth not bifid, space between proximal and distal teeth wide and rough; in germaini group left mandible only with proximal, not bifid tooth; in - -edwardsianus - -, - -lividipennis - -, - -semiflavus - -, and - -variabilis - -groups left mandible with proximal and distal teeth not bifid, the latter short and truncated, space between teeth rough, in lateral view right and left mandibles deflexed ventrally at an angle of 25–30° -c -. one-fourth to one-third distance from base to apex; ligula small and entire; labrum with transparent apical membrane; maxillary palpomere 4 (mp4, apical) more or less subconical, with evenly narrowed apex, as long as or longer than palpomere 2; preapical maxillary palpomere 3 only weakly wider than apical palpomere, about as long as mp4; labial palpomere 2 with sparse brushes of setae. - - -Thorax -: Chaetotaxy of pronotum varies between species groups. Paired punctures in dorsal series ( -PPDS -) may be present in different combinations; sublateral setiferous punctures ( -SLSP -) defined here as punctures found in the area between PPDS, anterior marginal row of setiferous punctures ( -AMRSP -), large lateral setiferous puncture ( -LLSP -) and large posterior setiferous puncture ( -LPSP -). - -Loncovilius carlsbergi - -sp. nov. -has the most complete chaetotaxy set where all -types -of setiferous punctures occur ( -Fig. 9A -). Pronotum and prosternum not fused, pronotosternal suture complete even in procoxal cavity; postcoxal hypomeral translucent process present, rounded or triangular; sternacostal ridge not protruding, not joining with superior line of hypomeron; basisternum (bs) flat with few punctures, triangular, its lateral arms narrowed subapically, without pair of macrosetae, bs distinctly longer than furcasternum (fs) (bs/fs ratio>1.5). Elytra without humeral spines or spine-like setae; mesoscutellum setose without posterior scutellar ridge or subbasal ridge; hind wings with veins CuA and MP4 fused in one vein, vein MP3 absent; metascutellum with mid-longitudinal suture; apex of intercoxal process in mesothorax rounded or broadly pointed, forming obtuse angle; anterior margin of mesoventrite confluent with distinctly oblique sternopleural suture; posterior border of mesocoxal cavities complete; mesometasternal suture present. Tarsal formula 5-5-5; protibiae cylindrical to slightly broadened apically, ventrally with a middle long spine directed anteriad; protarsomeres 1–3 distinctly wider than long, bilobed, and ventrally with pale adhesive setae; ventral side of meso- and metatarsomeres -1–4 in -males and females with pale adhesive setae; pale adhesive setae on meso- and metatarsi with terminal plate ( -Fig. 8B -) or without ( -Fig. 8C -); all legs with a pair of empodial setae distinctly shorter than claws; procoxae with internal and external ridges present, internal not running along external ridge, ending distinctly before or nearly joining external ridge; metacoxae with no more than four spines on posterior surface; mesotarsal segments with pale adhesive setae. - - - -Figure 3. -Ecological niche modelling of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -–D, potential suitable areas predicted with free extrapolation in South America. Binarized projection with 5% threshold for suitability values and mobility-oriented parity analysis (MOP) showing areas for which current model predictions are strictly based on extrapolation. E–H, predictions under shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) 126, and agreement between different global climate models (GCMs), and MOP agreement among GCMs with strict extrapolative conditions under the low emissions. I–L, predictions under SSPs 585, agreement between different GCMs, and MOP agreement among GCMs with strict extrapolative conditions under the high emissions. - - - - -Figure 4. -Distribution of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -, - -semiflavus - -group. B, - -lividipennis - -group. C, - -germaini - -group. D, - -edwardsianus - -group. E, - -variabilis - -group. - - - -Abdomen -: Protergal glands absent; tergites III–VI with anterior transverse basal carina (ATBC) laterally straight continuing to paratergites, tergite VII with ATBC not continuing to paratergite, tergites VII and VIII with ATBC descending laterally without reaching tergite margin ( -Fig. 9D -); all tergites without PTBC; anterior margin of tergites and sternites III–VI entire; tergite VII with white fringe along posterior edge; tergite IX in males at least slightly longer than tergite VIII; apical margin of male sternite VIII with medial emargination; basal portion of male sternite IX asymmetrical; paramere fused to median lobe only at base and very closely appressed to median lobe along entire length, often of complex and diverse shape, with minute pale sensory peg setae or usual peg setae; internal sac often with visible sclerites; ovipositor with two paired gonocoxites and minute styli. - - - - -Distribution and habitat: -The genus is only known from -Chile -and -Argentina -; in -Chile -from the regions of -Araucanía -, -Aysén -, -Los Lagos -, -Los Ríos -, -Magallanes -and Chilean -Antarctica -, Maule, Ñuble, O’Higgins, and from Santiago Metropolitan; in -Argentina -from the provinces of -Chubut -, -Neuquén -and -Río Negro -( -Fig. 4 -). The genus occurs in the area from lowlands to -2600 m -elevation in the mountains, with an average annual rainfall of between 500 and -3000 mm -and an average annual temperature of between 1°C and 12°C. It is confined to various -types -of forests in the Chilean Matorral, Magellanic subpolar, and Valdivian temperate forest ecoregions. It has been collected using Malaise and flight intercept traps, sifting moss, dead wood, and leaf litter, beating and directly from flowers of the families -Cunoniaceae -, -Ericaceae -, -Loranthaceae -, -Myrtaceae -, and -Winteraceae -. - - - - -Figure 5. -Female habitus of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -, - -L -. -germaini - -. B, - -L -. -hammondi - -. C, - -L -. -impunctus - -. D, - -L -. -variabilis - -. - - - - -Figure 6. -Habitus of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -, male of - -L -. -edwardsianus - -. B, male of - -L -. -cantharoides - -. C, female of - -L -. -semiflavus - -. D, male of - -L -. -barclayi - -. - - - - -Figure 7. -Female habitus of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -, - -L -. -lividipennis - -. B, - -L -. -carlsbergi - -. Head. C, - -L -. -hammondi - -. D, - -L -. -semiflavus - -. E, - -L -. -carlsbergi - -. F, Male mesotarsi of - -L -. -cantharoides - -. - - - - -Figure 8. -A, pronotum of - -L -. -carlsbergi - -. AMRSP = anterior marginal row of setiferous punctures, APP = additional paired punctures adjacent to AMRSP, LLSP = large lateral setiferous puncture, LPSP = large posterior setiferous puncture, PPDS = paired punctures on dorsal serial, SLSP = sublateral setiferous puncture. B, - -L -. -cantharoides - -ventral view of mesotarsomere 3 with pale adhesive setae with terminal plate. C, - -L -. -cantharoides - -ventral view of metatarsomere 4, apical margin emarginated (bilobed), with pale adhesive setae without terminal plate. D, - -L -. - -cantharoides -tergites VI and VII. Black arrow up = anterior transverse basal carina (ATBC) laterally straight continuing to paratergites, white arrow down = ATBC descending laterally without reaching tergite margin. Head in ventral view of - -Loncovilius -species. E - -, - -L -. -hammondi - -. F, - -L -. -lividipennis - -. PMP = postmandibular puncture, PMR = postmandibular ridge, EM = eye margin. - - - - -Figure 9. -Details of the abdominal structures of - -Loncovilius -species - -; tergites III and IV (A–E); ovipositor (F–H). A, - -Loncovilius germaini - -. B, - -L -. -variabilis - -. C, - -L -. -edwardsianus - -. D, - -L -. -semiflavus - -. E, - -L -. -lividipennis - -. F, - -L -. -impunctus - -. G, - -L -. -semiflavus - -. H, - -L -. -edwardsianus - -. - - - - -Figure 10. -Aedeagus of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -–C, - -Loncovilius germaini - -. D–F, - -L -. -hammondi - -. G, H, - -L -. -impunctus - -. I–K, - -L -. -variabilis - -. L–N, - -L -. -edwardsianus - -. O–Q, - -L -. -cantharoides - -. A, D, G, I, L, O, aedeagus dorsally (parameral side). B, E, J, M, P, apical portion of paramere, underside. - -C, F, H, K, N, Q, aedeagus laterally. - - - -Figure 11. -Aedeagus of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -–C, - -L -. -semiflavus - -. D–F, - -L -. -barclayi - -. G, H, - -L -. -lividipennis - -. I, J, - -L -. -carlsbergi - -. A, D, G, I, aedeagus dorsally (parameral side). B, E, apical portion of paramere, underside. C, F, H, J, aedeagus laterally. - - - - -Figure 12. -Male tergite X of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -, - -L -. -germaini - -. B, - -L -. -hammondi - -. C, - -L -. -impunctus - -. D, - -L -. -variabilis - -. E, - -L -. -edwardsianus - -. - - -F, - -L -. -cantharoides - -. G, - -L -. -semiflavus - -. H, - -L -. -barclayi - -. I, - -L -. -lividipennis - -. J, - -L -. -carlsbergi - -. - - - - -Figure 13. -Female tergite X of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -, - -Loncovilius germaini - -. B, - -L -. -hammondi - -. C, - -L -. -impunctus - -. D, - -L -. -variabilis - -. E, - -L -. -edwardsianus - -. F, - -L -. -cantharoides - -. G, - -L -. -semiflavus - -. H, - -L -. -barclayi - -. I, - -L -. -lividipennis - -. J, - -L -. -carlsbergi - -. - - - - -Figure 14. -Male sternite VIII of - -Loncovilius -species. A - -, - -Loncovilius germaini - -. B, - -L -. -hammondi - -. C, - -L -. -impunctus - -. D, - -L -. -variabilis - -. E, - -L -. -edwardsianus - -. F, - -L -. -cantharoides - -. G, - -L -. -semiflavus - -. H, - -L -. -barclayi - -. I, - -L -. -lividipennis - -. J, - -L -. -carlsbergi - -. - - - - -Remarks: -The monophyly of - -Loncovilius - -is supported by two unique synapomorphies: females with pale adhesive setae present at mesotarsal segments 2–4 [(character 69, state 1; reversed condition in - -variabilis - -and - -edwardsianus - -groups (character 69, state 0)]; tergite IX at least slightly longer than tergite VIII (ratio up to 1.1, character 92, state 1); and by five homoplastic synapomorphies: eyes small [(eye/head length ratio more than three-tenths but less than half, character 37, state 1; in - -semiflavus - -group and - -L -. -impunctus - -eyes of medium size (eyes/head length ratio more than half but less than three-quarters, character 37, state 2)]; metascutellar mid-longitudinal suture well developed (character 82, state 0); protergal glands absent (character 84, state 0); female sternite VIII with medial emargination at apical margin [(character 99, state 1; reversed condition in - -variabilis - -and - -edwardsianus - -groups (character 100, state 0)]; paramere(s) with black sensory peg setae [(character 105, state 1; reversed condition in - -edwardsianus - -group (character 105, state 0)]. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB62E3CFDFC1373FA5EF08E.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB62E3CFDFC1373FA5EF08E.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 3599068da47..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB62E3CFDFC1373FA5EF08E.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,201 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - -Key to the species of - -Loncovilius - - - - - - - -1. Head transverse, round in outline; disc with coarse non-setiferous punctures (Fig. 7C); postmandibular ridge distinctly separated from eye margin; PMP conspicuous (Fig. 8E); mandibles with a shallow dorso-lateral groove; right mandible with distal tooth bifid; left mandible only with proximal, non-bifid tooth. Abdominal tergites III–V with two patches of setiferous punctures separated by an impunctate area (Fig. 9A); second gonocoxite without macrosetae (Fig. 9F)..................................2 - - -- Head about as wide as long or elongate, its outline mostly longitudinally elliptical; disc without coarse non-setiferous punctures (Fig. 7D, E); postmandibular ridge situated very close to eye margin; PMP reduced and hard to see (Fig. 8F); mandibles without dorso-lateral groove; right mandible with distal tooth not bifid; left mandible with proximal and distal teeth, the latter not bifid, short and truncated, space between proximal and distal teeth rough. Abdominal tergites III–V not as described above; second gonocoxite with at least one macroseta (Fig. 9G, H) ................................................................................4 - - - - - -2. Disc of head without microsculpture; antennal insertions situated closer to frontoclypeus than to eye. Aedeagus as in Figure 10A–C........................................................................................................................................ -Loncovilius germaini -( -Scheerpeltz, 1933 -) - - - -- Disc of head with microsculpture; antennal insertions situated at equal distance to frontoclypeus and to the eye, or closer to the eye. Aedeagus not as above ....................................................................................................................................................................3 - - - - - -3. Microsculpture on dorsal surface of head meshed to isodiametric. Pronotum and elytral disc with few and scattered coarse non-setiferous punctures. Aedeagus as in Figure 10G, H ................................................................. -Loncovilius impunctus -sp. nov. - - - - -- Microsculpture on dorsal surface of head as transverse waves. Pronotum and elytral disc with conspicuous coarse non-setiferous punctures. Aedeagus as in Figure 10D–F........................................................................... -Loncovilius hammondi -sp. nov. - - - - - -4. Head: nuchal ridge present dorsally and laterally. Abdomen: tergites III and IV with more than three rows of punctures, anterior half punctate (Fig. 9B, E) ...................................................................................................................................................................5 - - -- Head: nuchal ridge missing dorsally, present laterally. Abdomen: tergites III and IV with less than three rows of punctures, anterior half impunctate (Fig. 9C, D).........................................................................................................................................................7 - - - - - -5. Protibia in both sexes without a row of thick laterodorsal spines; first metatarsomere shorter than fifth or at most both tarsomeres subequal. Abdominal tergites III and IV with several rows of sparse and fine punctures of moderate density (Fig. 9B); sternite III with basal transverse carina strongly arcuate; aedeagus as in Figure 10I–K ........................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... -Loncovilius variabilis -sp. nov. - - - -- Protibia with a row of thick laterodorsal spines present at least in females; first metatarsomere moderately longer than fifth. Abdominal tergites III and IV with several rows of punctures of moderate size and density (Fig. 9E); sternite III with basal transverse carina projecting medially in a sharp or obtuse angle; aedeagus not as above ...............................................................6 - - - - - -6. Pronotum rarely with additional paired punctures adjacent to anterior marginal row of setiferous punctures (Fig. 8A). Abdominal sternite III with basal transverse carina sharply pointed medioapically; aedeagus as in Figure 11G, H ........................ ........................................................................................................................... -Loncovilius lividipennis -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - - - - -- Pronotum always with additional paired punctures adjacent to anterior marginal row of setiferous punctures (Fig. 8A). Abdominal sternite III with basal transverse carina evenly converging at an obtuse angle; aedeagus as in Figure 11I, J .......................................................................................................................................................................... -Loncovilius carlsbergi -sp. nov. - - - - - -7. Head and pronotum microsculpture consisting of isodiametric meshes. Head elongate. Pronotum without sublateral setiferous punctures. Males: aedeagus, paramere strongly produced over apex of median lobe. Females: second gonocoxite with three or more macrosetae (Fig. 9G) ...........................................................................................................................................................8 - - -- Head and pronotum with very fine microsculpture of long transverse and diagonal waves. Head about as wide as long. Pronotum with sublateral setiferous punctures. Males: aedeagus, paramere slightly shorter or produced over apex of median lobe. Females: second gonocoxite with one or two macrosetae (Fig. 9H).........................................................................................9 - - - - - -8. Head with small setiferous punctures between frontoclypeal and anterior frontal punctures. Pronotum outline evenly curved. Protibia with a row of thick laterodorsal spines only in females. Elytra rarely with weak bright metallic iridescence .................................................................................................................................................................... -Loncovilius cantharoides -sp. nov. - - - - -- Head without small setiferous punctures between frontoclypeal and anterior frontal punctures. Pronotum outline hexagonal. Protibia in both sexes without a row of thick laterodorsal spines. Elytra with bright greenish, bluish, or purplish metallic iridescence (Figs 1A, 6A)......................................................................................... -Loncovilius edwardsianus -(Korge, 1963) - - - - - - -9 Elytra with brown-black marking around mesoscutellum and on suture (Fig. 6D). All femora reddish-brown. Male sternite IX without median emargination at apex; male tergite X trilobed (Fig.12H); aedeagus as in Figure 11D–F .............................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ -Loncovilius barclayi -sp. nov. - - - - -- Elytra without dark mark around mesoscutellum and on suture. All femora yellow or yellowish-brown; male sternite IX with median emargination at apex; male tergite X emarginate medio-apically (Fig. 12G); aedeagus as in Figure 11A–C ............................................................................................................................. -Loncovilius semiflavus -( -Fairmaire and Germain, 1862 -) - - - - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB82E3EFE8E175FFEF9F74C.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB82E3EFE8E175FFEF9F74C.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 3b46ebeb370..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB82E3EFE8E175FFEF9F74C.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,285 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius hammondi - -sp.nov. - - - - - - - -( -Figs 5B -, -7C -, -10D–F -, -12B -, -13B -, -14B -) - - - -Zoobank registration: - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -4DCCE49B-5875-4A73-9DA6-203BC4455E20 - -. - - -Type material. - - -Holotype -: - -male, mounted, with genitalia in a separate microvial, with labels as follows: -Wellington Is. Pto. Eden -[-49.11, -74.40] - -4.XII1958 - -/ -CHILE -Fr Kuschel - -/ -HOLOTYPE - -Loncovilius hammondi - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. Deposited at NHM. - - -Paratypes -: - -Wellington Is. Pto. Eden -[-49.11, -74.40] - -4.XII.1958 - -/ -CHILE -Fr Kuschel [ -4♂ -8♀ -NHM; -1♂ -NHMD ex. NHM; -1♂ -CZUG ex. NHM]; -Nothofagus -forest/ -CHILE -HE6. -Puerto Eden -Isla -Wellington -[-49.11, -74.40] -49° S -I200 ss. - -2.xii.1958 - -[ -1♀ -MNNC ex. NHM]; -Chiloé S. Pedro -[-43.32, -73.72] - -10.XI.1958 - -/ -CHILE -Fr Kuschel -/ -Flowers of Perneưya -mucronata/ -Qued. -sp. 8/‘ -Loncovilius’ -cf germaini Scheerp. P.M. Hammond -det. 1980 [ -1♂ -NHM]; -CHILE -: -Cautín Pr. Volcán Villarrica -[-39.36, -71.94], - -1120m - -, site 654 - -15-29.xii.1982 - -Noth. Dombeyi-Saxe-gothea with -Drimys A.Newton and M.Ŋayer -/ -window trap -[ -1♂ -1♀ -FMNH]. All -paratypes -are supplied with the label: PAÞTYPE - -Loncovilius hammondi - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022 - -. - - -Diagnosis: -Head dorsally with microsculpture of transverse waves; gula with isodiametric microsculpture in the middle; females with a11 distinctly longer than a10 (a11:a10 ratio>1.5). Elytra reddish-brown, disc with coarse non-setiferous punctures and only a few rows of setiferous punctures, epipleura evenly setose. Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, in both sexes with laterodorsal row of thick spines. Tergite VIII with medial apical emargination in both sexes. Aedeagus as in -Figure 10D–F -. - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 3.5–3.91 (3.67); TL = 6.7–7.31 (7.01); HW = 1.06– 1.16 (1.11); HL = 0.94–1.02 (0.97); HW/HL = 1.12–1.16 (1.14); PW = 1.36–1.51 (1.43); PL = 1.16–1.26 (1.21); PW/ PL = 1.17–1.2 (1.19); EW = 1.65–1.82 (1.76); EL = 1.38–1.63 (1.49); PW/HW = 1.29–1.3 (1.29). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 3.88– 4.22 (4.04); TL = 7.06–8.88 (7.81); HW = 1.13–1.21 (1.18); HL = 0.98–1.07 (1.03); HW/HL = 1.13–1.19 (1.15); PW = 1.5–1.67 (1.58); PL = 1.23–1.37 (1.31); PW/ PL = 1.18–1.22 (1.20); EW = 1.9–2.3 (2.05); EL = 1.67–1.78 (1.7); PW/HW = 1.31–1.38 (1.33). - -Head black to brown-black; most of antennae, pronotum, mouthparts, elytra, legs, and abdomen reddish-brown; pronotum, apical antennomeres, tibiae, and disc of abdominal segments darker. - -Head transverse; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures and microsculpture of transverse waves, with coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with few setiferous punctures of medium and small size. Eyes small (EYL/HL = x = 0.47), from 1.3 to 1.8 times longer than temples (in lateral view); distance between eyes about 1.7 times as long as length of eye in males and 1.68 times in females. Antennal insertions situated at equal distance from frontoclypeus and from eye; antennomeres 2 and 3 usually subequal in length; antennomeres 4 to 6 gradually reduced in length; antennomeres 7 to 10 subequal in length; antennomere 11 is from 1.53 to 1.69 times as long as antennomere -10 in -males and from 1.63 to 1.71 times in females. Basal and parocular punctures usually single; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; without small setiferous punctures between frontoclypeal punctures and anterior frontal punctures; ventral basal ridge rather straight in L-shape, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge absent; postmandibular ridge distinctly separated from eye margin; well-developed PMP; nuchal ridge present laterally and dorsally, fused with infraorbital ridge; gula with microsculpture medially, gular sutures moderately separated. Mandibles with dorsolateral groove; labrum with subrectangular sclerotized region and emarginate apical margin; mentum with seta beta only; penultimate labial palpomere markedly dilated apicad, apical palpomere distinctly narrower than previous and more or less subconical. - -Pronotum transverse, convex, evenly curved, with one PPDS and with an APP, without SLSP, with several coarse non-setiferous punctures; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) interrupted by inferior line. Elytra with epipleura evenly setiferous punctate; disc with only a few rows of setiferous punctures and with several coarse non-setiferous punctures. Mesosternum with four macrosetae arranged in a row medially. -Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines in both sexes. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin slightly sinuate. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with two patches of punctures of moderate size and density, with middle impunctate line; tergite VIII emarginate medio-apically. Sternum III with basal transverse carina strongly arcuate; lateral tergal sclerites IX laterally flaưened only in males. Male sternite VIII with a broad V-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14B -); female sternite VIII with a U-shaped emargination medially; male sternite IX with an obtuse emargination medially, its basal portion shorter than distal portion; male tergite X truncate medially ( -Fig. 12B -); female tergite X truncate to slightly arcuate medially ( -Fig. 13B -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite without macrosetae medially. - - -Aedeagus. As in -Figure 10D–F -; its total length ~1.21. - - -Etymology: -Ŋe species epithet isa patronym in recognition of the late Peter. M. Hammond, a prominent coleopterist who also conducted some work on this genus, which was unpublished but which we were able to trace through his labels. - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius hammondi - -is known only from -Chile -, from the -Araucanía -, -Los Lagos -, as well as from -Magallanes -and Chilean -Antarctica -regions. Known distribution consists of three widely separated areas, two of them confined to the Valdivian temperate forest and one to the Magellanic subpolar forest. It has been collected using window traps, and directly from flowers of - -Pernetya mucronata - -( -Ericaceae -). - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB92E3CFEE21311FD2DF2AF.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB92E3CFEE21311FD2DF2AF.xml deleted file mode 100644 index b4f84016a9e..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB92E3CFEE21311FD2DF2AF.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -germaini - -group - - - - - - -Included species: - -Loncovilius germaini -( -Scheerpeltz, 1933 -) - -, - -L -. -hammondi - -sp. nov. -, and - -L -. -impunctus - -sp. nov. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Head transverse, with coarse non-setiferous punctures; nuchal ridge complete dorsally, nuchal and infraorbital ridges joined; postmandibular ridge distinctly separated from eye margin and well-developed PMP ( -Fig. 8E -; - -Brunke -et al -. 2019 - -: fig. 1); right mandible with distal tooth bifid; left mandible only with proximal, non-bifid tooth. Pronotum transverse, outline evenly curved. Tergites III and IV with two patches of punctures of moderate size and density, with a middle impunctate line ( -Fig. 9A -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite without macroseta medially ( -Fig. 9F -). - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB92E3DFF6412DFFF2FF72D.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB92E3DFF6412DFFF2FF72D.xml deleted file mode 100644 index a8436be97d1..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFB92E3DFF6412DFFF2FF72D.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,284 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius germaini -(Scheerpeltz, 1933) - - - - - - - - -( -Figs 5A -, -9A -, -10A–C -, -12A -, -13A -, -14A -) - - - -Germain 1903: 412 (as - -Philonthus cribripennis - -, original description); Bernhauer and Schubert 1914: 332 (as - -Philonthus chilensis - -, replacement name); Scheerpeltz 1933: 1344 (as - -Philonthus germaini - -, replacement name); Coiffait and Sáiz 1966: 406 (as - -Loncovilius -( -Lienturius -) -germaini - -, characters); Coiffait and Sáiz 1968: 365 [as - -Loncovilius -( -Lienturius -) -germaini - -; -checklist]; Sáiz 1971: 385 [as - -Loncovilius -( -Lienturius -) -germaini - -; listed without new data]; Herman 2001a: 26 (as - -Loncovilius chilensis - -, nomenclature); Herman 2001b: 3083 (as - -Loncovilius chilensis - -, catalogue); Newton 2017: 22 (as - -Loncovilius germaini - -, nomenclature). - - -Material eoamined: -Supporting Information, File S7. - - -Diagnosis: -Head dorsally without microsculpture; gula without isodiametric microsculpture in the middle; females with a11 distinctly longer than a10 (a11:a10 ratio <1.5). Elytra, including epipleura, evenly setose and with several coarse non-setiferous punctures. Protibiae sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines only present in females. Tergite VIII with medial apical emargination only in females. Aedeagus as in -Figure 10A–C -. - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 2.9–3.44 (3.19); TL = 5.6–6.25 (6.01); HW = 0.87– 1.01 (0.94); HL = 0.76–0.86 (0.82); HW/HL = 1.12–1.2 (1.14); PW = 1.11–1.29 (1.21); PL = 0.97–1.18 (1.08); PW/ PL = 1.1–1.14 (1.12); EW = 1.4–1.64 (1.52); EL = 1.16–1.4 (1.3); PW/HW = 1.26–1.33 (1.29). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 3.36– 3.87 (3.6); TL = 7.31–7.77 (7.54); HW = 0.96–1.12 (1.03); HL = 0.85–0.95 (0.91); HW/HL = 1.11–1.18 (1.13); PW = 1.25–1.48 (1.34); PL = 1.13–1.28 (1.2); PW/PL = 1.1– 1.16 (1.12); EW = 1.5–1.88 (1.68); EL = 1.38–1.64 (1.49); PW/HW = 1.26–1.33 (1.3). - -Head black to brown-black; mouthparts, antennae, pronotum, legs, disc of elytra, and abdominal segments dark reddish-brown; epipleura, abdominal tergites, and sternites with posterior margin light reddish-brown. - -Head transverse; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures, dorsally without microsculpture, with coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with few setiferous punctures of medium and small size. Eyes small (EYL/ HL = x = 0.46), from 1.4 to 1.86 times longer than the length of temples (in lateral view); distance between eyes about 1.68 times as long as length of the eye in males and 1.8 times in females. Antennal insertions situated closer to frontoclypeus than to eye; antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length; antennomeres 5 to 10 subequal in length; antennomere 11 from 1.53 to 1.69 times longer than antennomere -10 in -males and from -1.5 to 1.6 in -females. Basal and parocular punctures usually single; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; no small setose punctures between frontoclypeal punctures and anterior frontal punctures; ventral basal ridge rather straight in L-shape, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge absent; postmandibular ridge distinctly separated from eye margin; well-developed PMP; nuchal ridge present laterally and dorsally, fused with infraorbital ridge; gula without microsculpture medially, gular sutures moderately separated. Mandibles with dorsolateral groove; labrum with subrectangular sclerotized region and entire apical margin; mentum with seta beta only; penultimate labial palpomere markedly dilated apicad, apical palpomere distinctly narrower than penultimate and more or less subconical. - -Pronotum transverse, convex, evenly curved, usually with one PPDS with additional paired punctures adjacent to AMRSP (APP), without SLSP, with few coarse non-setiferous punctures; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly setose and with several coarse non-setiferous punctures.Mesosternumwithfourmacrosetaearrangedinarowmedially. -In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin slightly sinuate. Protibiae sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines only in females. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 2–4withpaleadhesivesetae,withoutterminalplate. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with two patches of punctures of moderate size and density, with middle impunctate line ( -Fig. 9A -); in females tergite VIII emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina converging evenly at an obtuse angle; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flaưened. Male sternite VIII with deep V-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14A -); female sternite VIII with U-shaped emargination medially; male sternite IX with obtuse emargination medially, its basal portion shorter than distal portion; male tergite X subtruncate medially ( -Fig. 12A -); female tergite X with U-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 13A -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite without macrosetae medially ( -Fig. 9F -). - - -Aedeagus. As in -Figure 10A–C -; its total length ~ 1.21. - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius germaini - -is known only from -Chile -, from the -Araucanía -, -Aysén -, and -Los Lagos -regions where it occurs in the eastern portion of the Valdivian temperate forest ecoregion, from -750 to 1450 m -of elevation. It has been collected by sissing leaf liưer and moss, also by using Malaise and window traps, as well as carrion and dung baited pitfall traps. - - - -Remarks: -Loncovilius germaini - -was described as - -Philonthus cribripennis - -based on an unspecified number of -syntypes -from an uncertain type locality in -Chile -. Ŋis name was found to be preoccupied and replaced by another preoccupied name - -P -. -chilensis -Bernhauer and Schubert 1914 - -; the laưer was replaced again by - -P -. -germaini -Scheerpeltz, 1933 - -. Coiffiat and Sáiz (1966, 1968) and Sáiz (1971) treated - -L -. -germaini - -as a member of the subgenus - -Lienturius - -of the genus - -Loncovilius - -without adding much data about morphology or distribution of this species, for which even the aedeagus hitherto remained not illustrated. Coiffait and Sáiz (1966) mentioned that the species was known from a female -holotype -kept in the collection of the Natural History Museum of -Chile -. At the same time, Camousseight (1980) did not list this species among the type material in Germain’s collection in this museum. We did not find any material that could be interpreted as types of - -L. germaini -. - -Given the uncertainty about type material in the original description and the catalogue by Camousseight (1980), the type status of the female listed by Coiffait and Sáiz (1966) as ‘holotype’ must be verified in the future. For now, we have matched the identity of this species based on the description by Coiffait and Sáiz (1966). As explained by Newton (2017), Herman’s (2001a) interpretation of both names as replacements for only - -P. cribripennis - -and his resurrection of - -P. chilensis - -as the valid name for this species was incorrect. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBA2E39FC481020FEE0F51A.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBA2E39FC481020FEE0F51A.xml deleted file mode 100644 index a4bb0f96500..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBA2E39FC481020FEE0F51A.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,935 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius variabilis - -sp.nov. - - - - - - - -( -Figs 1C -, -5D -, -9B -, -10I–K -, -12D -, -13D -, -14D -) - - - -Zoobank registration: - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -6008BBBE-2EF2-4459-8ACD-5AA4E242AA4A - -. - - - - - -Type material. - -Holotype -: -male -, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial, with labels as follows: -CHILE -: [ -Los Lagos -, -Hualaihué -] -Palena Pr. -: -Austral Highway -, km 62.9 ( -6.7 km -S Contao turnoff), - -230m - -, - -41°51.155 -ʹ -S - -, - -72°42.175 -ʹ -W - -[-41.85, -72.70], - -23-25.i.1997 - -, young secondary Valdivian rainforest;/beating flowers - -Tepulia stipularis - -(myrtaceae) [ -Myrtaceae -] -A. Newton -and -M. Thayer -FIELD MUSEUM NAT. HIST./HOLOTYPE - -Loncovilius variabilis - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. Deposited at FMNH. - - - - -Paratypes -: - -CHILE -: [ -Araucanía -, -Vilcún -] -Cautín Temuco -, -Cherquenco -[~ -38.69, -72.00] -I-II.1978 -L. E. Peña -leg. FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST. [ -3♂ -1♀ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: Reg. XI [ -Aysén -] -Queulat N.P. -[~ -44.38, -72.25] -P.M. Hammond/Below -base - -1-10.xii.03 - -shrub flowers/ -NHM -/[ -5♂ -4♀ -NHM -; -1♂ -1♀ -NHMD -ex. -NHM -; -1♀ -CZUG -ex. -NHM -]; [ - - -same data as above except:] -Glacier Path - -21.xi-12.xii.03 - -/ -Malaise trap -[ -1♀ -NHM -]; [ - - -same data as above except:] -Base area Beating [or] Base Camp Area - -21.xi-12.xii.03 - -[ -8♂ -7♀ -NHM -]; -CHILE -: [ -Los Lagos -, -Hualaihué -] -Palena Pr. -: - - -Austral Highway -, km 62.9 ( - -6.7km -S - -Contao turnoff -), - -230m - -, -41°51.15’S -, -72°42.17’W -[-41.85, -72.70], - -23-25.i.1997 - -, young secondary Valdivian rainforest;/beating flowers - -Tepulia stipularis - -(myrtaceae) [ -Myrtaceae -] -A. Newton -and -M. Thayer -FIELD MUSEUM NAT. HIST [ -5♂ -FMNH -]; - - -Chile -[ -Los Lagos -] -Llanquihue Lago Chapo -[-41.40, -72.52] - -febrero 1985 - -leg. -J. Zuñiga -[ -1♂ -3♀ -FMNH -]; - - -HORNOHUINCO SW. Lago Chapo Lianquihue -[ -Los Lagos -, -Llanquihue -, -41.40, -72.52] 21,24- - -Dic.1972 - -Coll: -L.E.Pena -[ -1♂ -1♀ -FMNH -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Los Lagos -] -Rio Gol-Gol Osorno Prov -. [~ -40.66, -72.18]/ - -II-8- 57 - -Peña -/ -CHILE -[green label]/ -CNCI -L2004-28 -/ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 263-265 -[ -3♂ -CNC -]; - - -CHILE -: -Chiloé Pr. -, -Isla -Chiloé -, -Compu Alto -[-42.87, -73.70], - -18.i.1998 - -, -T. Cekalovic -leg. FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST./ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 165-167 -[ -1♂ -FMNH -; -1♂ -1♀ -MNNC -ex. -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: -Prov. Chiloé -: -Isla Chiloé -, -Compu Alto -[-42.87, -73.70] - -18-I-1998 - -T. Cekalovic -CHIL1C98 001 -/[Barcode] -SM0722732 KUNHM-ENT -[ -1♂ -SEMC -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Los Lagos -, -Puerto Montt -] -Prov. Llanquihue Correntoso -[~ -41.45, -72.66] - -22-Enero-1969 - -Coll: -L.E.Pena -[ -2♂ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: [ -Los Lagos -, -Chonchi -] -Chiloé Pr. -: -Miraflores -, road to ( - -0.6km - -W Hwy 5), - -130m - -, - -42°46.73 -ʹ -S - - -73°47.71 -ʹ -W - -[ --42.7788 -, --73.7953 -] - -17.i.1997 - -, secondary Valdivian rainforest:/beating flowering Cald-cluvia paniculata [ - -Caldcluvia paniculata - -] ( -Cunoniaceae -) -A.Newton -and -M.Thayer -994 FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST. [ -1♂ -1♀ -FMNH -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Los Lagos -, -Hualaihué -] 11 Chile X, -peninsula Huequi under logs termas, Porcelana - -42°27 -ʹ -30.8 -ʹʹ -S - - -72°27 -ʹ -15.0 -ʹʹ -W - -[-42.4585, -72.4541] - -40 m - -R. Vila -leg. - -13.xii.2014 - -/ -Loncovilius sp -det. -V. Assing - -2015/V. - -Assing Coll. J Jenkins Shaw det. 2016 [yellow label] [ -1♂ -NHMW -]; - - -CHILE -: [ -Los Lagos -, -Puyehue National Park -] -Osorno Prov. Parque Nac. Puyehue -, - -4.1km -E - -Anticura -[-40.66, -72.12], - -430m - -, trap site 662 - -19-26.xii.1982 - -Valdivian rainfor. -A.Newton -and -M.Thayer -/Screen- sweeping/ - -Loncovilius -sp. - -7 det. -A.Newton -1984/ -♀ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 163 -[ -1♀ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: [ -Los Lagos -, -Puyehue National Park -] -Osorno Prov -., -Puyehue Nat. Pk. Aguas Calientes -[-40.73, -72.30], - -500m - -, - -20.XII.1984 - -- - -8.II.1985 - -/FMHD#85-930 -Derumbes for. Trail -, S.andJ. Peck, P#85-45, FIT FIELD MUSEUM NAT HIST/ -♀ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 169 -[ -1♂ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: [ -Los Ríos -] -Valdivia Prov -., - - -26 km - -SE - -Panguipulli -[-39.75, -72.15] - - -300m - - -, - -16.XII.1984 - -- - -11.II.1985 - -/FMHD#85-921, - -Nothofagus -remnant S. - -andJ. -Peck -, P#85-34, carrion trap FIELD MUSEUM NAT HIST/ -♀ -/FMNH-INS 0000 024 168 [ -1♀ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: [ -Los Ríos -] Prov. Valdivia: Parque Oncol (Cruce Sendero Tepual) Rio Cruces [-39.72, -73.27] -8-I-2001 -T Cekalovic CHIL1CO1 005/[Barcode] SM0723095 KUNHM-ENT [ -1♂ -SEMC -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Los Ríos -] 85/Süd-Chile -31.1.90 -Puerto Puyehue [~ -40.65, -72.33] leg.G.H. Schwabe [ -2♂ -1♀ -SDEI]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes -and Chilean -Antarctica -] Welling Is. Pto. Eden [-49.11, -74.40] -13.XII.1958 -/ -CHILE -Fr Kuschel/ -Quedius -nigroflavus Tottenham -TYPE -[manuscript name]/ -NHM -[ -1♂ -NHM -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes -and Chilean -Antarctica -] Welling Is. Pto. Eden [-49.11, -74.40] -13.XII.1958 -/ -CHILE -Fr Kuschel/ -Quedius -nigroflavus Tottenham PARATYPE [manuscript name]/ -NHM -[ -3♂ -2♀ -NHM -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes -and Chilean -Antarctica -]/ -Paratype -/Welling Is. Pto. Eden [-49.11, -74.40] -30.XI.1958 -/C. E. Tottenham collection. B.M. 1974-587/ -CHILE -Fr Kuschel/ nigroflavus Tot [manuscript name]/ -NHM -/PARATYPE - -Loncovilius variabilis - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2023/ -NHMUK -015025170 [ -1♀ -NHM -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Magallanes -and Chilean -Antarctica -] Welling Is. Pto. Eden [-49.11, -74.40] -13.XII.1958 -/ -CHILE -Fr Kuschel/Qued. Sp. 5/ - -Loncovilius -sp. - -Nov. P.M. Hammond det. 1980/ -NHM -[Blue label]/ -NHMD -917069 [ -1♀ -NHM -]; - - -CHILE -: -Santiago -[ -Santiago -Metropolitan]: El Alfalfal [~ -33.51, -70.20] -I.1977 -L.E.Peña, leg. FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST./FMNH-INS 0000 024 157–162 [ -1♂ -2♀ -FMNH -; -1♂ -1♀ -NHMD -ex. -FMNH -; -1♂ -CZUG -ex. -FMNH -; -* - -this is potentially a labelling error. The - -L -. -variabilis - -model shown in -Figure 3 -does not include this occurrence. The sets of variables and the calibration results that do include this occurrence can be consulted in the Supporting Information, -Table S1 -, and in the Supporting Information, File S6]; [ - -CHILE -: unknown locality and date] -Chili -./ -Chili -[Green round label]/Sharp Coll 1905-313./ -Quedius -nigroflavus Tottenham PARATYPE [manuscript name]/ -NHM -[ -1♀ -NHM -]; - - -[ -CHILE -: unknown locality and date] -Chili -Sharp Coll./ -Quedius -nigroflavus Brnh (Typ.) [manuscript name]/BRIT. MUSEUM DON. ARROW/B. Typ. ohne Flg.d streifen/Chicago NHMus M.Bernhauer Collection/Bernhauer MS name? Current genus: -Loncovilius -teste A.Newton 2000 [ -1♂ -FMNH -]; [ - - -CHILE -: unknown locality and date] 53793/Reed/ -Chili -/Fry Coll. 1905.100/Chicago NHMus M.Bernhauer Collection/ -♂ -/ FMNH-INS 0000 024 171 [ -1♂ -FMNH -]. All -paratypes -with label: PARATYPE - -Loncovilius variabilis - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. - - - - - -Diagnosis: -Same as - -variabilis - -group diagnosis. - - - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 10]: FBL = 2.79–3.19 (2.98); TL = 5.12–6.25 (5.61); HW = 0.72–0.8 (0.77); HL = 0.74–0.83 (0.79); HW/ HL = 0.95–1 (0.97); PW = 0.95–1.05 (1); PL = 0.88–0.98 (0.93); PW/PL = 1.02–1.09 (1.07); EW = 1.31–1.54 (1.38); EL = 1.17–1.43 (1.25); PW/HW = 1.23–1.33 (1.30). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 10]: FBL = 3.05–3.53 (3.33); TL = 5.5–7.44 (6.4); HW = 0.79– 0.86 (0.83); HL = 0.82–0.9 (0.85); HW/HL = 0.94–1 (0.97); PW = 1.05–1.17 (1.10); PL = 1–1.08 (1.04); PW/PL = 1.03– 1.09 (1.06); EW = 1.36–1.74 (1.56); EL = 1.22–1.55 (1.43); PW/HW = 1.29–1.39 (1.34). - -Head, pronotum, and elytra black to brown-black, head darker; antennae, mouthparts, and legs yellowish-brown; abdominal tergites and sternites variable in coloration, from dark reddish-brown to brown-black with pale posterior margin. - -Head from about as wide as long to, usually, slightly longer than wide; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures and very fine microsculpture of transverse waves, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with sparse setiferous punctures of medium and small size. Eyes small (EYL/ HL = x = 0.47), from 1.03 to 1.29 times as long as temples (in lateral view); distance between eyes about 1.25 times as long as length of eye in males and 1.34 times in females. Antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 2; antennomeres 4 to 7 subequal in length; antennomeres 8 to 10 subequal in length; a11 1.53-1.72 times as long as a -10 in -males and -1.47-1.70 in -females. Basal puncture usually double; parocular punctures usually single; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; no small setiferous punctures between frontoclypeal and anterior frontal punctures; ventral basal ridge more or less straight in checkmark shape, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge reduced to small trace near gular sutures; postmandibular ridge reaching close to eye margin; PMP greatly reduced; nuchal ridge present laterally and dorsally, fused with infraorbital ridge; gula with isodiametric microsculpture medially, gular sutures moderately and equally separated in both sexes. Mandibles without dorsolateral groove; labrum with sub-rectangular sclerotized region and entire to slightly notched apical margin; mentum with seta alpha only; penultimate labial palpomere only weakly dilated apicad, subequal in width with more or less subconical to fusiform apical palpomere. - -Pronotum slightly wider than long, convex, evenly curved, with two PPDS, without APP, with one SLSP; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) not interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly punctate, interspaces from about as long as, to 5 or even 10 times as long as, diameter of punctures. Mesosternum with four macrosetae arranged in a row medially. - -Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, without laterodorsal row of thick spines in both sexes. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 not sexually dimorphic, in both sexes with pale adhesive setae and mesotarsomeres -1–3 in -both sexes with terminal plate. Metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin bilobed. - - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with several rows of sparse and fine punctures of moderate density, without sizeable impunctate area; tergite VIII only slightly emarginate medio-apically in females. Sternite III with basal transverse carina strongly arcuate; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flattened. Male sternite VIII with broad and shallow U-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14D -); female sternite VIII without emargination; male sternite IX without emargination medially (apex subtruncate), its basal portion moderately longer than distal portion; male tergite X with anterior margin subtruncate ( -Fig. 12D -); female tergite X apically truncate ( -Fig. 13D -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially. - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 10I–K -; its total length ~ 0.95. Median lobe rod-like, apex not emarginate; internal sac with median vertical sclerite and pair of short I-shaped copulatory sclerites. Paramere slightly produced over apex of median lobe; wider than median lobe; converging into a subrounded apex, slightly projected in the middle; with dark peg setae; in lateral view paramere almost straight, slightly concave apically. - - - - -Etymology: -The species epithet is the Latin adjective - -‘ -variabilis - -’ (variable) and refers to a notable intraspecific morphological variation of this taxon. This variation can occur between individuals from the same locality, e.g. it can be completely blackishbrown forms and others with a reddish-brown abdomen. The head punctation also varies, and loss or duplication of paraocular and basal punctures is common. - - - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius variabilis - -is known only from -Chile -, from the following regions: -Araucanía -, -Aysén -, -Los Lagos -, -Los Ríos -, -Magallanes -, and Chilean -Antarctica -, and from Santiago Metropolitan. The species occurs from lowlands to -1300 m -of elevation in the mountains; confined to various -types -of forests in the Magellanic subpolar and Valdivian temperate forest ecoregions. It has been collected using Malaise traps, and directly from flowers, e.g. from - -Tepualia stipularis - -( -Myrtaceae -) and - -Caldcluvia paniculata - -( -Cunoniaceae -). - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBA2E3FFEF11447FC16F1B4.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBA2E3FFEF11447FC16F1B4.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 526ff43fc55..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBA2E3FFEF11447FC16F1B4.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -variabilis - -group - - - - - - - -Included species: -Loncovilius variabilis - -sp. nov -.. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Head usually elongate, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; nuchal ridge complete dorsally, joined with infraorbital ridge; gula with isodiametric microsculpture in the middle; postmandibular ridge located close to eye margin ( -Fig. 8F -); PMP (usually reduced); females with a11 distinctly longer than a10 (a11:a10 ratio>1.5). Pronotum slightly wider than long, its outline evenly curved. Elytra with even but sparse setiferous punctation on disc and epipleura. Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, in both sexes without laterodorsal row of thick spines. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 not sexually dimorphic, in both sexes with pale adhesive setae and mesotarsomeres -1–3 in -both sexes with terminal plate. Tergites III and IV with several rows of fine punctures of moderate density, without sizeable impunctate area near to posterior margin ( -Fig. 9B -); tergite VIII only slightly emarginate medio-apically in females; ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with one macroseta medially. Aedeagus as in -Figure 10I–K -. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBB2E3FFEB8177AFD30F437.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBB2E3FFEB8177AFD30F437.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 504ce65be78..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBB2E3FFEB8177AFD30F437.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,286 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius impunctus - -sp.nov. - - - - - - - -( -Figs 5C -, -10G, H -, -12C -, -13C -, -14C -) - - - -Zoobank registration: - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -45463DC0- 4ECA-4B24-8220-24008B5BE531 - -. - - - - -Type material. - - -Holotype -: - -male -, mounted, with genitalia in a separate microvial, with labels as follows: -CHILE -: -Cherquenco -[~ -38.70, -72.01] - -VII-1954 - -L. Pena -, leg./♂/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 367 - -/ -HOLOTYPE - -Loncovilius impunctus - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. Deposited at FMNH. - - -Paratypes -: - -CHILE -: -Cherquenco -[~ -38.70, -72.01] - -VII-1954 - -L. Pena -, leg./♀/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 368-369 -[2♀ FMNH] - -; - -CHILE -: -Malleco Prov. - -20km -E Manzanar - -[-38.44, -71.51] - -1100m - - -19-21.xii.1976 - -H. F. Howden -/ -CNCI -L2004- 28/ -♀ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 465 -[1♀ CNC] - -; - -Chile -: -Tolhuaco -[~ -38.23, -71.71] - -11.I.62 - -/ -Coll. L. Peña -/ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 024 364–366 -[ -2♂ -FMNH -; -1♀ -MNNC -ex. -FMNH -] - -. - - -All -paratypes -are supplied with the label: PARATYPE - -Loncovilius impunctus - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022 - - - - -Diagnosis: -Head dorsally with meshed microsculpture; gula with isodiametric microsculpture in the middle; females with antennomere 11 (a11) distinctly longer than antennomere 10 (a10; a11:a10 ratio>1.5). Elytra reddish-brown, disc glossy with only a few rows of setiferous punctures, epipleura evenly setose. Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, in both sexes with laterodorsal row of thick spines. Tergite VIII in both sexes with medial apical emargination. Aedeagus as in -Figure 10G, H -. - - - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 3]: FBL = 3.35–3.59 (3.48); HW = 1.01–1.1 (1.07); HL = 0.85– 0.93 (0.89); HW/HL = 1.18–1.21 (1.19); PW = 1.4– 1.44 (1.42); PL = 1.2–1.25 (1.23); PW/PL = 1.14–1.17 (1.15); EW = 1.67–1.7 (1.68); EL = 1.3–1.44 (1.36); PW/ HW = 1.28–1.39 (1.33). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 4]: FBL = 3.71– 3.93 (3.81); TL = 7.5–7.53 (7.52); HW = 1.17–1.18 (1.18); HL = 0.93–0.97 (0.95); HW/HL = 1.22–1.26 (1.24); PW = 1.54–1.59 (1.56); PL = 1.29–1.37 (1.32); PW/ PL = 1.16–1.19 (1.18); EW = 1.82–1.9 (1.87); EL = 1.46–1.59 (1.54); PW/HW = 1.32–1.35 (1.33). - -Head, mouthparts, and legs black to brown-black; pronotum, antennae, elytra, and abdomen dark reddish-brown, elytra lighter. - -Head transverse; dorsally and ventrally glossy with few micropunctures and microsculpture of transverse meshes, with coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with few setiferous punctures of medium and small size. Eyes of medium size (EYL/HL = x = 0.52), from 1.51 to 1.64 times longer than temples (in lateral view); distance between eyes around 1.8 times the length of eye. Antennal insertions situated at equal distance from frontoclypeus and from eye; antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length; antennomeres 4 to 10 gradually reduced in length; a11 from 1.54 to 1.75 times longer than a -10 in -males and from -1.54 to 1.68 in -females. Basal and parocular punctures usually single; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; without small setose punctures between frontoclypeal and anterior frontal punctures; ventral basal ridge rather straight in L-shape, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge absent; postmandibular ridge distinctly separated from eye margin; well-developed PMP; nuchal ridge present laterally and dorsally, fused with infraorbital ridge; gula with microsculpture medially, gular sutures moderately separated. Mandibles with dorsolateral groove; labrum with subrectangular sclerotized region and emarginate apical margin; mentum with seta beta only; penultimate labial palpomere markedly dilated apicad, apical palpomere distinctly narrower than penultimate and more or less subconical. - -Pronotum transverse, convex, evenly curved, with one PPDS and an APP, without SLSP, with few coarse non-setiferous punctures; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) interrupted by inferior line. Elytra with epipleura evenly setose; disc with only a few rows of setiferous punctures. Mesosternum with four macrosetae arranged in a row medially. -Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines in both sexes. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrallywith apical margin slightly sinuate. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with two patches of punctures of moderate size and density, with middle impunctate line; tergite VIII emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina strongly arcuate; lateral tergal sclerites IX laterally flattened only in males. Male sternite VIII with broad V-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14C -); female sternite VIII with U-shaped emargination medially; male sternite IX with obtuse emargination medially, its basal portion shorter than distal portion; male tergite X truncate medially ( -Fig. 12C -); female tergite X truncate to slightly arcuate medially ( -Fig. 13C -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite without macrosetae medially. - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 10G, H -; its total length 1.2. Median lobe bulky, in parameral view with truncated apex; internal sac with pair of long I-shaped copulatory sclerites. Paramere slightly produced over apex of median lobe, wider than median lobe, its sides converging into M-shape apex, with dark peg setae, in lateral view almost straight and slightly concave apically. - - - - -Etymology: -The species epithet is derived from the Latin prefix ‘ -im -’ (not) and adjective ‘ -punctate -’ (dotted), referring to the disc of pronotum and elytra mostly impunctate. - - - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius impunctus - -is known from the -Araucanía Region -in -Chile -where it is confined to Valdivian temperate forest ecoregion. It is unknown how it was collected. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBC2E39FEDB15AAFE13F72E.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBC2E39FEDB15AAFE13F72E.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 3465f975994..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBC2E39FEDB15AAFE13F72E.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -edwardsianus - -group - - - - - - - -Included species: -Loncovilius cantharoides - -sp. nov. -, and - -L -. -edwardsianus -(Korge, 1963) - -. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Head elongate, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; nuchal and infraorbital ridges not joined; gula with isodiametric microsculpture in the middle; postmandibular ridge located close to eye margin; PMP strongly reduced or rarely absent; females with a11 slightly longer than a10 (a11:a10 ratio <1.5). Pronotum without SLSP. Tergites III and IV with only a few rows of coarse, sparse punctures, with large impunctate area near apical margin ( -Fig. 9C -); tergite VIII without medial apical emargination; ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with three or more macrosetae medially ( -Fig. 9H -). - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBC2E3AFE8617A3FAFCF4B2.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBC2E3AFE8617A3FAFCF4B2.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 5f16861c561..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBC2E3AFE8617A3FAFCF4B2.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,812 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius cantharoides - -sp.nov. - - - - - - - -( -Figs 6B -, -7F -, -10O–Q -, -12F -, -13F -, -14F -) - - - -Zoobank registration: - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -9199958E-5D1F-4C33-9DE8-4FBDDBFBFD72 - -. - - - - -Type material. - - -Holotype -: - -male, mounted, with labels as follows: -CHILE -: -Malleco Prov. -6.5 -Km E Malalcahuello - -1080m - -, trap site 651 - -13-31.xii.1982 - -North. Dombeyi with Chusquea -A. Newton -and -M. Thayer -/window trap/ -Loncovilius Sp. -5 Solodovnikov det. 2002/ - -L -. -cantharoides -J. Jenkins Shaw - -det. 2016/ -NHMD -916904 -/HOLOTYPE - -Loncovilius cantharoides - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. Deposited at FMNM. - - - -Paratypes -: - -CHILE -: -Malleco Prov -. - -6.5 km - -E Malalcahuello [-38.46, -71.51], - -1080m - -, trap site 651, - -13-31.xii.1982 - -Noth. dombeyi -[ - -Nothofagus dombeyi - -] with Chusquea -A.Newton -and -M.Thayer -/window trap/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 458–463 -, -465–466 -, -467–471 -, -472–474 -, -476–477 -, -478 -, -481 -, -484–485 -[ -13♂ -9♀ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: -Malleco Prov -., - -40 km - -W [ - -40 km - -E] -Curacautin -[-38.44, -71.50], - -1500 m - -, - -12.XII.1984 - -- - -16.II.1985 - -/FMHD#85-905, - -Nothofagus -- - - -Araucaria -, S. Peck, P - -#85-19, Malaise FIELD MUSEUM NAT HIST/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 490–532 -, -602–613 -[ -35♂ -24♀ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: -Malleco Prov -. - -14 km - -E Malalcahuello -[-38.43, -71.48] - -1570m - -, trap site 649, - -13-31.xii.1982 - -Noth. -pumilio-Araucaria -f. [ - -Nothofagus pumilio -- -Araucaria - -forest], -A.Newton -and -M.Thayer -/window trap 649/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 475 -, -478 -, -480 -, -482 -, -486–489 -[ -3♂ -5♀ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: -Malleco Prov -. - -12km - -E Malacahuello -[-38.43, -71.49] - -1350m - -, trap site 650 - -13-31.xii.1982 - -Noth. dombeyi-Araucaria f. -A.Newton -and -M.Thayer -/carrion trap (squid)/ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 595 -[ -1♂ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -, -MallecoProv -. - -20km - -E Manzanar [-38.44, -71.51] - -1100m - - -19-21.xii.1976 - -H.F.Howden -/Beating/ -CNCI -L2004-28/ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 593-594 -[ -2♂ -CNC -]; - - -CHILE -: -Malleco -: -Las Raices -( -W -of) [-38.54, -71.45], - -21-22.XII.1976 - -L.E.Peña -leg. FIELD MUSE. NAT. HIST./ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 596 -[ -2♂ -FMNH -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Araucanía -] -Rio Blanco Malleco Prov -. [-39.10, -71.61]/ - -I-27-59 - -Pena/ -CNC -928331-928333 -[ -1♂ -2♀ -CNC -]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Araucanía -] -Cabrerias 1100 metro Cord. Nahuelbuta -[-37.71, -73.03] - -18.I.1977 - -/ - -Loncovilius -sp. - -det. -Newton -2000/ -♂ -/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 577 -[ -1♂ -2♀ -FMNH -]; - - -CHILE -: [ -Araucanía -] -Malleco -: -Cord. Nahuelbuta, Cabreria -[-37.71, -73.03] - -1100m - -, - -14.XII.1976 - -L.E.Peña leg. FIELD MUS. NAT. HIST./ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 585-590 -, -592 -, -600 -[ -6♂ -2♀ -FMNH -]; - - -Chile -[ -Araucanía -, -Curacautín -]: -P.N.Lonquimay -, - -23/12/2013 - -, -38.44°S -– -71.51°W -[ --38.4400 -, --71.5100 -], litter layer small stream [ -1♀ -TSC]; - - -Chile -[ -Araucanía -, -Pucón -]: -Palguin -, - -05/12/2013 - -, -39.43°S -– -71.79°W -[ --39.4300 -, --71.7900 -], litter layer/ - -Loncovilius - -n. sp. -[ -1♂ -1♀ -TSC]; [ - - -CHILE -: -Araucanía -, -Melipeuco -] -♂ -/ Chile, La Araucania (IX Región), - -85 km - -E Temuco -, - -26 km - -NNE Melipeuco -, -Parque Nacional Corguillío -, NE coast of Laguna Conguillío, - -38°38.24 -ʹ -S - -, W - -71°36.74 -ʹ -W - -[ --38.6291 -, --71.6203 -], - -1200 m - -V.I.Gusarov - -9.xii.1999 - -/ - -Loncovilius -sp. - -n. -A.Solodovnikov -det. 2004 [ -1♂ -NHMO -]; - - -CHILE -: -Nuble -[Ñuble] Prov., - -72 km - -SE Chillan, Trancas nr Termas -[-36.90, -71.44], - -1700m - -, - -6.XII.1984 - -- - -19.II.1985 - -/FMNHD#85-893, -Nothofagus -forest, S.Peck, P#85-8 FIT FIELD MUSEUM NAT HIST/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 578–584 -[ -3♂ -4♀ -FMNH -]; - - -ARGENTINA -, -Rio Negro -8: -Lago Nahuel Huapi Puerto Blest -[-41.02, -71.81], - -770 m - - -4.xii.1978 - -Mision Cientifica Danesa -[pale orange label -2♂ -1♀ -NHMD -; - - -1♂ -1♀ -MNNC -ex. -NHMD -; - - -1♂ -1♀ -CZUG -ex. -NHMD -]; [ - - -ARGENTINA -: same locality, only the date different ( - -16.xii.1978 - -) -1♂ -3♀ -NHMD -; - - -1♂ -1♀ -NHM -ex. -NHMD -]; -Argentina -, -Rio Negro Prov. -, - -Bariloche forest, -Nothofagus -antartica, unburnt - -, - -41°21 -ʹ -9 -ʹʹ -S - - -71°37 -ʹ -34.5 -ʹʹ -W - -, [ --41.352500 -, --71.626250 -] 823 ± - -150 m - -, ABCONF17 P.Sackmann/Argentina, Patagonia ABCONF17 -Paula Sackmann -leg./ -Loncovilius sp. -♀ -V.I. Gusarov -det. 2002 [ -1♀ -NHMO]; - - -ARGENTINA -, -Neuquén -: -Cerro Malo -, - -6km - -N Pucara -, - -Jan. 22, 1972 - -L.Herman -874/ -AMNH -1489 [pale orange label]/ -FMNH-INS 0000 023 597–599 -[ -1♂ -2♀ -FMNH -]. - - - -All -paratypes -with label: PARATYPE - -Loncovilius cantharoides - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Nuchal ridge with small portion absent dorsally. Pronotum outline evenly curved. Elytra yellow or yellowish-brown with brown-black mark around mesoscutellum and suture. Protibiae sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines only females. Aedeagus as in -Figure 10O–Q -. - - - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 5]: FBL = 3.98–4.34 (4.22); TL = 7.18–8.4 (7.59); HW = 0.93– 1.08 (1); HL = 1.03–1.23 (1.16); HW/HL = 0.88–0.91 (0.89); PW = 1.28–1.36 (1.32); PL = 1.25–1.36 (1.31); PW/ PL = 1–1.04 (1.02); EW = 1.74–1.92 (1.84); EL = 1.59–1.81 (1.7); PW/HW = 1.26–1.28 (1.27). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 5]: FBL = 4.43– 4.67 (4.55); TL = 8.13–8.47 (8.3); HW = 1.18–1.22 (1.20); HL = 1.25–1.33 (1.29); HW/HL = 0.92–0.94 (0.93); PW = 1.44–1.49 (1.47);PL = 1.4–1.44 (1.42);PW/PL = 1.03– 1.03 (1.03); EW = 2–2.1 (2.05); EL = 1.78–1.9 (1.84); PW/ HW = 4.43–4.67 (4.55). - -Head and pronotum brown-black with slight greenish, bluish, or golden overtones, with yellow margins; antennae, mouthparts, and legs yellow or yellowish-brown; elytra yellow with brown-black mark around mesoscutellum and suture; tergites and sternites dark reddish-brown with pale posterior margin. - -Head elongate; dorsally and ventrally dull with metallic iridescence; with micropunctures and microsculpture of transverse isodiametric meshes, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with several setiferous punctures of medium and small size. Eyes small (EYL/ HL = x = 0.44), from 1.05 to 1.11 times as long as temples (in lateral view); distance between eyes about 1.24 times as long as length of eye in both sexes. Antennomere 3 moderately longer than antennomere 2; antennomeres 4 and 5 subequal in length; antennomeres 8 to 10 subequal in length; a11 from 1.52 to 1.7 times long as a -10 in -males and from -1.4 to 1.48 in -females. Basal and parocular punctures usually double; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; with small setiferous punctures between frontoclypeal and anterior frontal punctures: ventral basal ridge in checkmark shape, almost united with gular sutures; postgenal ridge reduced; postmandibular ridge reaching close to eye margin; PMP greatly reduced; nuchal ridge present laterally and a little dorsally, not fused with infraorbital ridge; gula with conspicuous isodiametric microsculpture medially, gular sutures widely and equally separated in both sexes. Mandibles without dorsolateral groove; labrum with trapezoidal sclerotized region and entire apical margin; mentum with seta alpha only; penultimate labial palpomere only weakly dilated apicad, subequal in width with more or less subconical apical palpomere. - -Pronotum about as wide as long, convex, evenly curved, with two PPDS, without APP, without SLSP; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) not interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly punctate, interspaces from about as long as, to four or five times as long as, diameter of punctures. Mesosternum with four macrosetae arranged in a row medially. -Protibiae sexually dimorphic, with laterodorsal row of thick spines only females. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin bilobed. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with only a few rows of coarse, sparse punctures, with large, impunctate area; tergite VIII not emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina evenly converging at obtuse angle; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flattened. Male sternite VIII with U-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14F -); female sternite VIII without emargination; male sternite IX without emargination medially, with rounded apex, its basal portion shorter than distal portion; male tergite X with anterior margin subtruncate ( -Fig. 12F -); female tergite X medio-apically distinctly subacute to acute ( -Fig. 13F -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with three macrosetae medially. - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 10O–Q -; its total length 1.25–1.31. Median lobe rod-like; internal sac with pair of long inverted L-shaped copulatory sclerites. Paramere distinctly produced over apex of median lobe; wider than median lobe; converging to a subrectangular apex; with small translucent peg setae; in lateral view almost straight, curved away from median lobe apically. - - - - -Etymology: -The species epithet is derived from the Greek κανθαΡίς ( -kantharís -; soldier beetles) and suffix -ειδής ( - --eid -ḗ -s - -; like), as the habitus resembles some species of the beetle family -Cantharidae -. - - - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius cantharoides - -is known from -Chile -, from the -Araucanía -and Ñuble regions, and from the westernmost portions of the -Neuquén -and -Río Negro -provinces of -Argentina -. The species occurs from -800 to 1600 m -of elevation; reported in the - -Araucaria -- -Nothofagus - -forests from the central and north-central portions of the Valdivian temperate forest ecoregion. It has been collected using Malaise, window, carrion and dung-baited pitfall traps, and sifting leaf litter. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBF2E04FC2414C0FE3AF0F0.xml b/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBF2E04FC2414C0FE3AF0F0.xml deleted file mode 100644 index b43f15755ee..00000000000 --- a/data/03/D1/87/03D187F3FFBF2E04FC2414C0FE3AF0F0.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,373 +0,0 @@ - - - -Phylogeny-based taxonomic revision and niche modelling of the rove beetle genus Loncovilius Germain, 1903 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) - - - -Author - -Reyes-Hernández, José L. -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark -jl.reyeshdez@gmail.com - - - -Author - -Hansen, Aslak Kappel -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Berlin, Germany - - - -Author - -Shaw, Josh Jenkins -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - - - -Author - -Solodovnikov, Alexey -Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - - -2023-10-28 - - -202 - - -1 - - -1 -42 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 - -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad143 -0024-4082 -14541979 -CE2383A-68A1-40A0-8F48-1271F96F86F1Corresponding - - - - - - - -Loncovilius edwardsianus -(Korge, 1963) - - - - - - - - -( -Figs 1A -, -6A -, -10L–N -, -12E -, -13E -, -14E -) - - - - - -= - -Loncovilius edwardsi -(Bernhauer, 1935) - -nec - -Quedius edwardsi -Sharp, 1886 - -. - - -Bernhauer, 1935: 92 (as - -Quedius edwardsi - -, original description); Korge, 1963 (as - -Quedius edwardsianus - -, replacement name); -Coiffait and Sáiz 1966: 413 -( - -Quedius edwardsianus - -, redescription without new material or data); Coiffait and Sáiz, 1968: 365 (listed as - -Quedius edwardsianus - -, without new data); -Newton 2017: 28 -(as - -Loncovilius edwardsianus - -, moved from - -Quedius - -to - -Loncovilius - -). - - - - - -Type material. - -Lectotype -: (here designated): -male -, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial, with labels as follows: S. -Chile -: -Llanquihue prov. -F. and -M. Edwards -. B.M. 1927–63/ -Casa Pangue -[-41.04, -71.87] - -4-10.xii.1926 - -./ -Bernhauer -det. [unreadable]/Chicago NHM M. Bernhauer collection/ -Quedius edwardsi Brh. -n. sp. -/ -Edwardsi Bernhauer -Quedius -/ LECTOTYPE - -Loncovilius edwardsianus -(Korge, 1963) - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2022. Deposited at -FMNH -. - - - - -Paralectotype -: - -male -, pinned, with genitalia attached to the card, with labels as follows: S. -Chile -: -Llanquihue prov. -F. and -M. Edwards -. B. M. 1927–63/ -Casa Pangue -[-41.04, -71.87] - -4-10.xii.1926 - -./ -Quedius - -edwardsi -Bernh - -n. sp. -/ LECTOTYPE C.E.Tottenham of -Q.edwardsi Bernh.Nec Sharp -/ -Quedius -ultor n. n. Tottenham/edwardsi repl. By - -edwardsianus Korge 1963 -M. K. Thayer - -det. 2005/ -NHMUK015024785 -/ - - -PARALECTOTYPE - -Loncovilius edwardsianus -(Korge, 1963) - -des. Reyes-Hernández, Hansen, Jenkins Shaw et Solodovnikov 2023. Deposited at -NHM - -. - - -Other material examined: -Supporting Information, File S7. - - - - -Diagnosis: -Nuchal ridge absent dorsally. Pronotum outline hexagonal. Elytra yellowish-brown to brown-black with greenish, bluish, or purplish iridescence. Protibiae without sexual dimorphism, both males and females without laterodorsal row of thick spines. Aedeagus as in -Figure 10L–N -. - - - - -Description: -Measurements -♂ -[min–max (average); -N -= 6]: FBL = 3.95–4.21 (4.1); TL = 7.92–8 (7.95); HW = 1–1.11 (1.05); HL = 1.13–1.25 (1.19); HW/HL = 0.83–0.92 (0.88); PW = 1.15–1.24 (1.21); PL = 1.15–1.25 (1.21); PW/ PL = 0.95–1.03 (1); EW = 1.76–1.9 (1.81); EL = 1.67–1.71 (1.69); PW/HW = 1.11–1.21 (1.15). - - -Measurements -♀ -[min–max (average); -N -= 3]: FBL = 4.47– 4.76 (4.59); TL = 7.32–8.56 (7.76); HW = 1.16–1.21 (1.18); HL = 1.3–1.36 (1.33); HW/HL = 0.87–0.9 (0.89); PW = 1.33–1.5 (1.4); PL = 1.31–1.44 (1.37); PW/PL = 1.01– 1.04 (1.02); EW = 1.98–2.13 (2.06); EL = 1.83–1.96 (1.9); PW/HW = 1.15–1.24 (1.18). - -Head and pronotum dark brown to black with metallic blue overtones; antennae, mouthparts, pronotum at margins and legs yellowish-brown; elytra yellowish-brown to brown-black with greenish, bluish, or purplish iridescence, sometimes darker around mesocutellum and at suture; abdominal tergites and sternites brown-black or dark reddish-brown with pale posterior margin. - -Head elongate; dorsally and ventrally with iridescence and with micropunctures and microsculpture of transverse isodiametric meshes, without coarse non-setiferous punctures; posterior angles indistinct with moderate setiferous punctures of medium and small-size. Eyes small (EYL/HL = x = 0.44), from 1.18 to 1.46 times as long as temples (in lateral view) in males and -0.84 to 1.04 in -females; distance between eyes about 1.13 times as long as length of eye in males and 1.44 times in females. Antennomere 3 moderately longer than antennomere 2; antennomeres 4 to 7 subequal in length; antennomeres 8 to 10 subequal in length; a11 from 1.52 to 1.75 times as long as a -10 in -males and from -1.23 to 1.4 in -females. Basal and parocular punctures usually double; posterior frontal puncture located anterior to temporal puncture; without small setose punctures between frontoclypeal and anterior frontal punctures; ventral basal ridge more or less straight in checkmark shape, ending distinctly far from gular sutures; postgenal ridge reduced; postmandibular ridge reaching close to eye margin; PMP greatly reduced; nuchal ridge present only laterally, not fused with infraorbital ridge; gula with conspicuous isodiametric microsculpture medially, gular sutures moderately and equally separated in both sexes. Mandibles without dorsolateral groove; labrum with trapezoidal sclerotized region and entire apical margin; mentum with seta alpha only; penultimate labial palpomere only weakly dilated apicad, subequal in width with more or less subconical apical palpomere. - -Pronotum about as wide as long, convex, hexagonal, with two PPDS, without APP, without SLSP; flexible postcoxal hypomeral extension (process) not interrupted by inferior line. Elytra evenly punctate, interspaces from about as long as, to two or even up to six times as long as, diameter of punctures. Mesosternum with six macrosetae arranged in a row medially. Metasternum with several macrosetae. -Protibiae not sexually dimorphic, without laterodorsal row of thick spines in both sexes. In males, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, mesotarsomeres 1–3 with terminal plate. In females, mesotarsomeres 1–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate. In both sexes, metatarsomeres 2–4 with pale adhesive setae, without terminal plate; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 5, metatarsomere 4 ventrally with apical margin bilobed. - -Abdominal tergites III and IV with only a few rows of coarse, sparse punctures, with large impunctate area; tergite VIII not emarginate medio-apically. Sternite III with basal transverse carina usually evenly converging at an obtuse angle; lateral tergal sclerites IX not dorsoventrally or laterally flattened. Male sternite VIII with U-shaped emargination medially ( -Fig. 14E -); female sternite VIII without emargination; male sternite IX without emargination medially, with rounded apex, its basal portion shorter than distal portion; male tergite X apically subtruncate ( -Fig. 12E -); female tergite X with apical margin distinctly subacute to acute ( -Fig. 13E -); ovipositor, its second gonocoxite with three macrosetae medially. - - -Aedeagus as in -Figure 10L–N -; its total length 1.25–1.31. Median lobe rod-like, its apex in parameral view slightly V-shaped, emarginate, internal sac with pair of long inverted L-shaped copulatory sclerites. Paramere distinctly produced over apex of median lobe; wider than median lobe; converging to a round apex; with small translucent peg setae; in lateral view almost straight, curved away from median lobe apically. - - - - - -Distribution and habitat: -Loncovilius edwardsianus - -is known from -Chile -, from the -Araucanía -, -Aysén -, -Biobío -, -Los Lagos -, and -Los Ríos -regions. In addition, it occurs in the westernmost portions of the -Chubut -and -Río Negro -provinces of -Argentina -. The species occurs from -200 to 1200 m -elevation; it is reported from wet sclerophyll and open - -Nothofagus - -forests along the Valdivian temperate forest ecoregion. It has been collected by sifting leaf litter and moss. - - - - - -Remarks: -Loncovilius edwardsianus - -was described under the preoccupied name - -Quedius edwardsi - -based on an unspecified number of -syntypes -from Casa Pangue in Llanquihue Province in Southern -Chile -. Korge (1963) replaced the name with - -Q. edwardsianus - -and, interestingly, this species was treated in the genus - -Quedius - -by -Coiffait and Sáiz (1966 -, 1968) who neither studied the type material nor reported any new material. Presumably, all mentioned authors knew this species only from literature because even -Sáiz (1971) -did not mention it in the fauna of -Chile -. The species was transferred to the genus - -Loncovilius - -much later by -Newton (2017) -. To fix the identity of the species, a male from the Bernhauer’s collection at the FMNH, which is clearly a -syntype -, is here designated as a -lectotype -of - -L. edwardsianus -. - - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/22/E1/F9/22E1F903849F59E9B57DA8AA89046C6D.xml b/data/22/E1/F9/22E1F903849F59E9B57DA8AA89046C6D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f442feb51ec --- /dev/null +++ b/data/22/E1/F9/22E1F903849F59E9B57DA8AA89046C6D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ + + + +New wasps of † Falsiformicidae from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber + + + +Author + +Wang, Zhen +https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1981-8323 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + + + +Author + +Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. +A. A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647, Russia + + + +Author + +Perkovsky, Evgeny E. +0000-0002-7959-4379 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Vilhelmsen, Lars +0000-0002-5593-5722 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Gao, Taiping +0000-0002-8118-8708 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + +text + + +Journal of Hymenoptera Research + + +2025 + +2025-01-03 + + +98 + + +1 +18 + + + +journal article +10.3897/jhr.98.136200 +77736D1C-30F9-4D6C-8310-3A04121CACE2 + + + + +Genus + +Siccibythus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + + + + + + +Type +species. + + + + +Siccibythus musculosus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + +. + + + + +Species included. + + + +Siccibythus musculosus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + +, + +S. martynovae +Rasnitsyn, Zhang, Müller & Zhang, 2020 + +, + +S. oculatus +Rasnitsyn, Zhang, Müller & Zhang, 2020 + +, + +S. ohmkuhnlei +Rasnitsyn, Zhang, Müller & Zhang, 2020 + +, + +S. pallidus +Rasnitsyn, Zhang, Müller & Zhang, 2020 + +, + +S. paulus +Rasnitsyn, Zhang, Müller & Zhang, 2020 + +, + +S. aristovi + +sp. nov. +and + +S. robustus + +sp. nov. + + + + +Revised diagnosis. + + +Propodeum weakly sculptured with longitudinal carinae; antenna with 13 segments in male, +12 in +female, scape elongate and flattened, pedicel weakly pyriform; three or four labial palpomeres; fore wing with no cells closed with tubular veins in its middle and distal part, vein 1 m-cu at most only partially tubular; vein +R +1 absent apical to pterostigma, and apical parts of M, M + Cu and A (distally of Cu-a) spectral. Fore tarsus and mid tarsus with large, bilobed arolium, smaller arolium present on hind tarsus, claws simple. + + + + +Remarks. + + +† + +Siccibythus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + +differs † + +Falsiformica +Rasnitsyn, 1975 + +and † +Neophenax +Engel, 2022 +by having fore wing with vein 1 m-cu at most partially tubular and pronotum with dorsal surface longer than wide or, rarely, subquadrate. † + +Siccibythus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + +differs from † +Falsiformix + +Zhang & Rasnitsyn, +2024 in + +having a fore wing longer than mesosoma. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/54/BF/FD/54BFFD0035125A8E8C223856B09A20C9.xml b/data/54/BF/FD/54BFFD0035125A8E8C223856B09A20C9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ea9b2d04cd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/54/BF/FD/54BFFD0035125A8E8C223856B09A20C9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + +New wasps of † Falsiformicidae from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber + + + +Author + +Wang, Zhen +https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1981-8323 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + + + +Author + +Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. +A. A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647, Russia + + + +Author + +Perkovsky, Evgeny E. +0000-0002-7959-4379 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Vilhelmsen, Lars +0000-0002-5593-5722 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Gao, Taiping +0000-0002-8118-8708 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + +text + + +Journal of Hymenoptera Research + + +2025 + +2025-01-03 + + +98 + + +1 +18 + + + +journal article +10.3897/jhr.98.136200 +77736D1C-30F9-4D6C-8310-3A04121CACE2 + + + + + +Siccibythus robustus +Wang, Rasnitsyn, Perkovsky & Vilhelmsen + +sp. nov. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +The length of the scape is less than 0.3 times the length of the flagellum. Fore wing with 2 Rs distal of r-rs several times as long as r-rs; Cu nebulous. Fore tibial spur long, thin and acute apically. Metabasitarsus longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined. Propodeum outline angular. Anterior outline of 1 +st +metasomal tergum somewhat angular. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The species is named after the Latin adjective +robustus +, meaning “ thick ” and referring to the thick fore femur. + + + + +Type material. + + + +Holotype + +• female. No. CNU-HYM-MA 2016212. A well-preserved and complete specimen (Figs +1 +, +2 +). + +Paratype + +• male. No. CNU-HYM-MA 2016213. A well-preserved and complete specimen (Figs +3 +, +4 +). + + + + + + +Photographs of + +Siccibythus robustus + +sp. nov. +(Female holotype; CNU-HYM-MA- 2016212) +A +habitus in lateral view +B +head in lateral view +C +fore wing venation. + + + + + + + +Photographs of + +Siccibythus robustus + +sp. nov. +(Female holotype; CNU-HYM-MA- 2016212) +A +mesosoma in dorsal view +B +mesosoma in lateral view, arrowheads indicate metapleural-propodeal boundary, black arrow indicates the carinae +C +hind leg in lateral view +D +metasoma in lateral view. + + + + + + + +Photographs of + +Siccibythus robustus + +sp. nov. +(Male paratype; CNU-HYM-MA- 2016213) +A +habitus in lateral view +B +head in lateral view. + + + + + + + +Photographs of + +Siccibythus robustus + +sp. nov. +(Male paratype; CNU-HYM-MA- 2016213) +A +mesosoma in dorsal view +B +fore wing venation +C +hind leg in lateral view +D +metasoma in lateral view. + + + + + +Type locality and horizon. + + +The amber specimens were collected from +Kachin +, northern +Myanmar +, lowermost Cenomanian, mid-Cretaceous, which was dated at 98.79 ± 0.62 Ma ( +Cruickshank and Ko 2003 +; +Shi et al. 2012 +). + + + + +Description. + + +Female. +Head globose, with eyes bulging, occupying most of lateral parts of head (except for wide, convex temples), almost reaching mandibular bases, occipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal carina well behind mandibular base, vertex and frons narrow, longer than wide, ocelli in small acute triangle well distant from eyes, interantennal space flat, clypeus short, simple. Antenna slender, with 12 antennomeres in female ( +13 in +male), each antennomere is approximately 1–2 times longer than wide, scape slightly longer than pedicel and first flagellomere combined, pedicel longer than first flagellomere, flagellomeres slightly shortening gradually toward apex except for shorter first flagellomere and longer apical segment (Fig. +1 B +). Labrum not visible externally, mandibles small, overlapping, maxillary and labial palps not visible ( +paratype +can be observed mandibles with three teeth, maxillary palp with four palpomeres visible, three apical long, narrow). + + +Pronotum posterior margin extended, with pronotum accounting for 0.4 times the length of mesosoma, pronotum short declivitous part delimited by transverse groove posteriorly. Propleura long, slender, abutting throughout ventrally. Mesoscutum convex between notauli; notauli complete, parapsides and lateral edges incomplete; notauli widely spaced anteriorly, converging to almost meet posteriorly; transscutal articulation distinct; mesoscutellum triangular, narrow, the length is 0.4 times its maximum width, weakly convex, carinate laterally. Meso- and metapleuron smooth, metapleuron delimited from propodeum with incomplete row of pits (Fig. +2 A, B +). Metanotum short, with indistinct metascutellum in female (metanotum short, with distinct metascutellum in male). Propodeum with clear dorsal and posterior surfaces meeting in angle, dorsal with longitudinal and one transverse carinae, posterior surface with lateral longitudinal carinae, sublateral longitudinal carinae and supracoxal transverse carinae (Fig. +2 B +). + + +Fore wing distal of basal veins (1 Rs and 1 M), r-rs and 1 cu-a without tubular veins, except for pterostigma and half section of 2 Rs distal of r-rs, all other distal veins nebulous in female (fore wing distal of basal vein (1 Rs and 1 M) and cu-a with no tubular veins, except for pterostigma, r-rs and most of Rs distal of r-rs, all other veins nebulous in male). Pterostigma prominent, longer than wide; vein 1 Rs straight, shorter than 1 M, arise from Sc + +R +just proximal to pterostigma; 1 cu-a shorter than 1 M, placed distinctly before it, parallel to 2 cu-a; Cu parallel to A; vein A extending distal to 1 cu-a, and distal part tubular, extending distal to 2 cu-a as nebulous vein, both 1 cu-a and 2 cu-a reaching A; r-rs slightly curved, arising beyond midlength of pterostigma; r-m not present (Fig. +1 C +). Hind wing with thin, tubular veins Rs arising from Sc + +R +; A present; other veins not visible. Seven hamuli present. + + +Fore coxa swollen, triangular, nearly as long as wide; fore trochanter short, fore trochantellus not visible in female (fore trochantellus trapezoidal, the ratio compared to the length of the fore femur is approximately 1: +17 in +male); fore femur swollen in middle, twice as long as wide (calcar long, thin, gently curved and acute apically in male); fore tibia nearly as long as femur; fore tarsus shorter than fore tibia, basitarsomere shorter than combined length of remaining tarsomeres in female (basitarsomere longer than combined length of remaining tarsomeres in male). Mid coxa slender, smaller than both fore and hind coxa, twice as long as wide; mid trochanter short, mid trochantellus very short and ring-like, approximately 0.1 times as long as femur; mid femur swollen in middle, twice as long as wide; mid tibia slenderer than femur, three times as long as wide, tibia shorter than femur; mid tarsus nearly as long as mid tibia, basitarsomere shorter than combined length of remaining tarsomeres. Hind coxae elongate, swollen, three times as long as wide, with lamella dorsally, basally in female (no lamella in male); hind trochanter short, bulging dorsally, hind trochantellus very short and ring-like (ca. 0.02 as long as femur); hind femur swollen in middle, nearly three times as long as wide in female (nearly six times as long as wide in male); hind tibia very slender, slightly longer than femur; hind tarsus nearly as long as hind tibia, basitarsomere slightly shorter than combined length of remaining tarsomeres (Fig. +2 C +). Claw simple, arolium small. Tibial spur formula 1 / 2 / 2. + + +First metasomal segment short, tergum node-like, female with anterior outline, low triangular, second metasomal segment longest and highest, following segments gradually smaller, apical metasomal sternum high, with dorsal sides overlapping (Fig. +2 D +) (male first metasomal tergum with fore surface convex, dorsal surface short, rather flat, elevated above hind surface; seventh metasomal sternum with two long upcurved teeth). + + + + +Measurements (mm). + + +Holotype +female. Total body length (excluding sting and antenna) 3.93; head length 0.47, width 0.61, height 0.53; scape length 0.25, pedicel length 0.13, the first flagellum length 0.08, total flagellum length 0.87; fore wing length 2.22; hind wing length 1.56; fore coxa length 0.30, fore trochanter length 0.57, fore femur length 0.58, fore tibia length 0.55, fore tarsal length 0.32; mid coxa length 0.31, mid trochanter length 0.09, mid trochantellus 0.05, mid femur length 0.50, mid tibia length 0.38, mid tarsal length 0.38; hind coxa length 0.44, hind trochanter length 0.14, hind trochantellus 0.02, hind femur length 0.67, hind tibia length 0.78, hind tarsal length 1.02; the first metasomal segment length 0.28, metasoma length 2.18. + + +Paratype +male. Total body length (excluding antenna) 3.54; head length 0.50, width 0.42, height 0.50; scape length 0.25, pedicel length 0.16, the first flagellum length 0.09; total flagellum length 0.99; fore wing length 1.98; hind wing length 1.47; fore coxa length 0.21, fore trochanter length 0.08, fore trochantellus 0.03, fore femur length 0.50, fore tibia length 0.45, fore tarsal length 0.32; mid coxa length 0.12, mid trochanter length 0.10, fore trochantellus 0.02, mid femur length 0.40, mid tibia length 0.30, mid tarsal length 0.34; hind coxa length 0.28, hind trochanter length 0.12, hind femur length 0.55, hind tibia length 0.60, hind tarsal length 0.57; the first metasomal segment length 0.25, metasoma length 1.62. + + + + +Remarks. + + +The new species is classified in † + +Siccibythus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + +based on the fore wing with no cells closed with tubular veins in its middle and distal part ( +Rasnitsyn et al. 2020 +). However, the new species is differentiated from + +Siccibythus martynovae + +, + +S. pallidus + +and + +S. oculatus + +by fore wing with 2 Rs distal of r-rs several times as long as r-rs, basitarsus longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined (vs. 2 Rs distal of r-rs at most about as long as r-rs, basitarsus not longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined in + +S. martynovae + +, + +S. pallidus + +and + +S. oculatus + +). It is distinguished from + +S. musculosus + +by the following characters: 1) Cu is nebulous (vs. Cu is tubular); 2) calcar long, thin and acute apical (vs. calcar short, bifid apically). It is differentiated from + +S. paulus + +by the length of the scape being less than 0.3 times the length of the flagellum (vs. the scape is longer than or equal to 0.3 times of the flagellum). It is distinguished from + +S. ohmkuhnlei + +by the following characters: 1) anterior outline of 1 +st +metasomal tergum somewhat angular (vs. straight); 2) propodeum outline angular (vs. more smoothly curved). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7B/67/07/7B670705B95353228DE96C96DD49E7A3.xml b/data/7B/67/07/7B670705B95353228DE96C96DD49E7A3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..78936a695d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7B/67/07/7B670705B95353228DE96C96DD49E7A3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ + + + +New wasps of † Falsiformicidae from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber + + + +Author + +Wang, Zhen +https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1981-8323 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + + + +Author + +Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. +A. A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647, Russia + + + +Author + +Perkovsky, Evgeny E. +0000-0002-7959-4379 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Vilhelmsen, Lars +0000-0002-5593-5722 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Gao, Taiping +0000-0002-8118-8708 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + +text + + +Journal of Hymenoptera Research + + +2025 + +2025-01-03 + + +98 + + +1 +18 + + + +journal article +10.3897/jhr.98.136200 +77736D1C-30F9-4D6C-8310-3A04121CACE2 + + + + + +Siccibythus aristovi +Wang, Rasnitsyn, Perkovsky & Vilhelmsen + +sp. nov. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Fore wing with 2 Rs distal of r-rs at most about as long as r-rs; Rs + M and Cu both nebulous; A behind 1 cu-a not pigmented (except for very base). Fore tibial spur short, bifid apically. Basitarsus not longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined. Pronotum short, propodeal horns long. + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific name “ +aristovi +” is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. Daniil Sergeevich Aristov, for his outstanding contribution to palaeoentomology. + + + + +Type material. + + + +Holotype + +• female. No. CNU-HYM-MA 2016214. A well-preserved and complete specimen (Figs +5 +, +6 +). + + + + + + +Photographs of + +Siccibythus aristovi + +sp. nov. +(Female holotype; CNU-HYM-MA- 2016214) +A +habitus in dorsal view +B +habitus in lateral view. + + + + + + + +Photographs of + +Siccibythus aristovi + +sp. nov. +(Female holotype; CNU-HYM-MA- 2016214) +A +head in lateral view +B +mouthparts +C +mesosoma in lateral view, black arrow indicates the carinae +D +mesosoma in dorsal view +E +fore wing venation +F +metasoma in lateral view. + + + + + +Type locality and horizon. + + +The amber specimen was collected from +Kachin +, northern +Myanmar +, lowermost Cenomanian, mid-Cretaceous, which was dated at 98.79 ± 0.62 Ma ( +Cruickshank and Ko 2003 +; +Shi et al. 2012 +). + + + + +Description. + + +Female. +Body brown, metasoma dark brown. Head globose, with eyes bulging, occupying three-quarters of head in lateral view, almost reaching mandibular bases, occipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal carina well behind mandibular base, ocelli in small acute triangle well distant from eyes, interantennal space flat. Antenna narrow, with 12 antennomeres, each antennomere is approximately 1–2 times longer than wide, scape shorter than pedicel, pedicel longer than first flagellomere, flagellomeres slightly shortening gradually toward apex except for longer apical segment (Fig. +6 A +). Mandibles with three teeth, not overlapping; labrum not visible; maxillary palp short with six elongate palpomeres, labial palp short, with four slightly elongate to subquadrate palpomeres (Fig. +6 B +). + + +Pronotum with long dorsal part shorter than wide before lateral lobes, constricted near midlength, with fore declivitous part short, delimited by transverse groove posteriorly. Propleura long, slender, in lateral view, the length is 4 times its width, and abutting throughout. Mesoscutum with deep notauli widely spaced anteriorly, converging to almost meet posteriorly; transscutal articulation distinct; mesoscutellum rather short, wide apically, weakly convex. Meso- and metapleurae smooth. Metanotum short, with metascutellum very short and wide. Propodeum with dorsal and posterior surfaces meeting in angle, dorsal with longitudinal carina, and with transverse one midway between sublateral carinae, posterior surface with lateral longitudinal carinae, sublateral longitudinal carinae and supracoxal transverse carinae (Fig. +6 C, D +). + + +Fore wing basal veins (C, Sc + +R +, M + Cu, A, 1 Rs and 1 M), r-rs, short pterostigma, part of 2 Rs distal of r-rs and cu-a tubular, other veins nebulous. Pterostigma prominent, longer than wide; vein 1 Rs straight, shorter than 1 M, arise from Sc + +R +just proximal to pterostigma; 1 cu-a shorter than 1 M, parallel to 2 cu-a, placed slightly basally of 1 M; 1 Cu parallel to A; vein A extends distal up to 1 cu-a only; r-rs straight, arising beyond midlength of pterostigma; r-m not present (Fig. +6 E +). Hind wing with Sc + +R +; other veins not visible. + +Fore trochanter present, fore trochantellus ring-like; fore femur slightly swollen in middle, nearly three times as long as wide; fore tibia shorter than femur, calcar acute (not bifid); fore tarsus shorter than fore tibia, basitarsomere shorter than combined length of remaining tarsomeres. Mid trochanter present, mid trochantellus ring-like; mid femur slightly swollen in middle, four times as long as wide; mid tibia nearly as long as femur, six times as long as wide; mid tarsus shorter than mid tibia, basitarsomere shorter than combined length remaining tarsomeres. Hind trochanter short, bulging dorsally, hind trochantellus ring-like; hind femur slightly swollen in middle, nearly four times as long as wide; hind tibia slender than femur, longer than femur; hind tarsus nearly as long as hind tibia, remaining tarsomeres combined shorter than basitarsomere. Claw simple, arolium small. Tibial spur formula 1 / 2 / 2. + +First metasomal segment short, tergum node-like, triangular in lateral view, with anterior surface concave, second segment slightly longer and higher than following, following gradually smaller, apical (sixth) sternum high, apparently folded, with upper sides and apical orifice apparently not specialized, tergum 7 as visible (in lateral view) small but more or less sclerotized, with spiracle not enlarged (Fig. +6 F +). Sting straight, apparently short, without teeth. + + + + +Measurements (mm). + + +Holotype +female. Total body length (excluding sting and antenna) 4.14; head length 0.94, width 0.62, height 0.48; scape length 0.20, pedicel length 0.19, the first flagellum length 0.14, total flagellum length 1.11; fore wing length 1.95; hind wing length 1.20; fore coxa length 0.27, fore trochantellus 0.06, fore femur length 0.64, fore tibia length 0.49, fore tarsal length 0.64; mid coxa length 0.25, mid trochanter length 0.10, mid trochantellus 0.04, mid femur length 0.60, mid tibia length 0.64, mid tarsal length 0.39; hind coxa length 0.23, hind trochanter length 0.10, hind trochantellus 0.06, hind femur length 0.69, hind tibia length 0.58, hind tarsal length 0.79; the first metasomal segment length 0.29, metasoma length 1.66. + + + + +Remarks. + + +The new species is classified in † + +Siccibythus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + +based on the fore wing with no cells closed with tubular veins in its middle and distal part ( +Rasnitsyn et al. 2020 +). It is differentiated from + +Siccibythus musculosus + +, + +S. paulus + +, + +S. ohmkuhnlei + +and + +S. robustus + +by fore wing with 2 Rs distal of r-rs shorter than r-rs, basitarsus not longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined (vs. 2 Rs distal of r-rs several times as long as r-rs, basitarsus longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined in + +S. musculosus + +, + +S. paulus + +, + +S. ohmkuhnlei + +and + +S. robustus + +). It is distinguished from + +S. martynovae + +by fore wing veins Rs + M and Cu both being nebulous (vs. Rs + M and Cu are both tubular in + +S. martynovae + +). It is differentiated from + +S. pallidus + +by the following characters: 1) fore wing with 2 A not pigmented (except for very base) (vs. fore wing with 2 A pigmented); 2) pronotum constricted in the middle (vs. not constricted). It is distinguished from + +S. oculatus + +by pronotum short, propodeal horns long (vs. pronotum long, propodeal horns short). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/EC/53/11/EC531111868A5194B7C353CA91169FF3.xml b/data/EC/53/11/EC531111868A5194B7C353CA91169FF3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d495b2c6716 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/EC/53/11/EC531111868A5194B7C353CA91169FF3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ + + + +New wasps of † Falsiformicidae from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber + + + +Author + +Wang, Zhen +https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1981-8323 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + + + +Author + +Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. +A. A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647, Russia + + + +Author + +Perkovsky, Evgeny E. +0000-0002-7959-4379 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Vilhelmsen, Lars +0000-0002-5593-5722 +Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark + + + +Author + +Gao, Taiping +0000-0002-8118-8708 +College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China + +text + + +Journal of Hymenoptera Research + + +2025 + +2025-01-03 + + +98 + + +1 +18 + + + +journal article +10.3897/jhr.98.136200 +77736D1C-30F9-4D6C-8310-3A04121CACE2 + + + + +Family † + +Falsiformicidae +Rasnitsyn, 1975 + + + + + + +Type +genus. + + + +† + +Falsiformica +Rasnitsyn, 1975 + +. + + + + +Genera included. + + +† + +Falsiformica +Rasnitsyn, 1975 + +, † + +Siccibythus +Cockx & McKellar, 2016 + +, † +Neophenax +Engel, 2022 +, +Falsiformix +Zhang & Rasnitsyn, 2024 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file