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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48692519-18e8-4386-993c-557e691208f7" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-205-453" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EE97C14B072C545884F09054F6B79DF3" ModsDocID="1314-2003-205-453" checkinTime="1661230043405" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Koenen, Erik J. M." docDate="2022" docId="BA26D0AF4AC55303B0FC76FC0B9B17E7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 205: 453-470" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 205" docPubDate="2022-08-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821" docTitle="Osodendron altissimum E. J. M. Koenen 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="EE97C14B072C545884F09054F6B79DF3" lastPageNumber="453" masterDocId="EE97C14B072C545884F09054F6B79DF3" masterDocTitle="Osodendron gen. nov. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), a new genus of mimosoid legumes of tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="470" masterPageNumber="453" pageNumber="453" updateTime="1661230868407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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||||
<mods:title>Osodendron gen. nov. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), a new genus of mimosoid legumes of tropical Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||||
<mods:role>
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||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
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||||
<mods:namePart>Koenen, Erik J. M.</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-4339</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||||
<mods:affiliation>Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Faculte des Sciences, Campus du Solbosch - CP 160 / 12, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">erikk_botany@gmx.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-08-22</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>205</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>453</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>470</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-205-453</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EE97C14B072C545884F09054F6B79DF3</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA26D0AF4AC55303B0FC76FC0B9B17E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA26D0AF4AC55303B0FC76FC0B9B17E7" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="453" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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||||
1.
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||||
<taxonomicName LSID="BA26D0AF-4AC5-5303-B0FC-76FC0B9B17E7" authority="(Hook. f.) E. J. M. Koenen" authorityName="E. J. M. Koenen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="E. J. M. Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="2022" family="Fabaceae" genus="Osodendron" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Osodendron altissimum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="species" species="altissimum" status="comb. nov.">Osodendron altissimum (Hook. f.) E.J.M. Koenen</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="453">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="453" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Confusing pods of Cathormion s. l. A pods of Osodendron altissimum that are very similar to B pods of the Australian species Albizia moniliformis (DC.) F. Muell. (syn. Cathormion umbellatum subsp. moniliforme (DC.) Brummit) C pods of Osodendron dinklagei and D pods of Osodendron leptophyllum that were likened to those of E Samanea (S. saman (Jacq.) Merr. is pictured here) and / or Cathormion F pods of Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata (De Wild.) E. J. M. Koenen (syn. Cathormion obliquifoliolatum) that are superficially similar to those of O. leptophyllum in particular; hence, this species having also been classified in a broadly circumscribed Cathormion in the past, but note that the pods become disarticulated while still on the tree rather than tardily as in Osodendron and Albizia moniliformis G and H pods of the closest relative of Osodendron, the Neotropical genus Robrichia (R. schomburgkii is pictured here). Images: A Jos Stevens, voucher unknown B Russel Cumming, voucher unknown C J. Alves Pereira 2664 (MA) D R. Gutzwiller 1865 (P) E J. F. Maxwell 91 - 300 (L) F B. Descoings 8278 (MPU) G Cristoph Moning, voucher unknown H Jose Benito Quezada Bonilla, J. B. Quezada Bonilla 623 (HULE, MO). A from www. africanplants. senckenberg. de B-H from www. gbif. org B-G distributed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 Licence H distributed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 Licence." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/733585" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Osodendron altissimum A distribution of the two subspecies as per the legend, based on data from Gbif. org with the addition of occurrence records for O. altissimum subsp. busiraensis from specimens at BR B trunk on riverbank C bipinnate leaf D close-up of leaflets E close-up of rachis apex showing nectary F inflorescences G unripe pod H mature pod. Images: B, F, H William Hawthorne (FHO) C-E, G David Harris (E), from www. africanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/733586" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="453" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pithecellobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pithecellobium altissimum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissimum" status="comb. nov.">Pithecellobium altissimum</taxonomicName>
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||||
(Hook. f.) Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 2: 364. 1871.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Feuilleea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Feuilleea altissima" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima" status="comb. nov.">Feuilleea altissima</taxonomicName>
|
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(Hook. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 187. 1891.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pithecellobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pithecellobium stuhlmannii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stuhlmannii" status="comb. nov.">Pithecellobium stuhlmannii</taxonomicName>
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Taub., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 193. 1895. Type material: Democratic Republic of Congo, Bataibo bei Duki, 850 m,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Stuhlmann 2773</emphasis>
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(holotype: B†), neotype here designated: Democratic Republic of Congo, Irumu,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Bequaert 4887</emphasis>
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(BR!).
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia passargei" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passargei" status="comb. nov.">Albizia passargei</taxonomicName>
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Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 26: 253. 1899. Type material: Cameroon,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngaoundéré">Ngaoundere</normalizedToken>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Passarge 164</emphasis>
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(holotype: B†), neotype here designated: Cameroon, Bordure du Meng
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<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
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des lacs de Boubala,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Letouzey 2562</emphasis>
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(P [P03502143] digital image!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cathormion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cathormion altissimum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissimum" status="comb. nov.">Cathormion altissimum</taxonomicName>
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(Hook. f.) Hutch. & Dandy, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 1: 364. 1928; Hutchinson & Dandy in Kew Bull. 1928 (10): 401. 1928.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arthrosamanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arthrosamanea altissima" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima" status="comb. nov.">Arthrosamanea altissima</taxonomicName>
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(Hook. f.) G.C.C. Gilbert & Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="État">Etat</normalizedToken>
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Bruxelles 22: 182. 1952.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Inga altissima" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima" status="comb. nov.">Inga altissima</taxonomicName>
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(Hook.f.) Roberty, Bull. Inst.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Franç">Franc</normalizedToken>
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. Afrique Noire, A. 16: 343. 1954.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="453" type="basionym">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Basionym.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia altissima" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Albizia altissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hook. f. Niger Fl. [W. J. Hooker]. 332. 1849.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="453" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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Ghana, Cape Coast, 7/41,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">T. Vogel 18</emphasis>
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(lectotype here designated from amongst the syntypes: K!); Nigeria, Aboh, 8/41,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">T. Vogel 28</emphasis>
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(syntype: K!).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/733586" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. J. M. Koenen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="E. J. M. Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="2022" family="Fabaceae" genus="Osodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Osodendron altissimum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="species" species="altissimum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Osodendron altissimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">A</emphasis>
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distribution of the two subspecies as per the legend, based on data from Gbif.org with the addition of occurrence records for
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<taxonomicName genus="O." lsidName="O. altissimum subsp. busiraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="subSpecies" species="altissimum" subSpecies="busiraensis">O. altissimum subsp. busiraensis</taxonomicName>
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from specimens at BR
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">B</emphasis>
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trunk on riverbank
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">C</emphasis>
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bipinnate leaf
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">D</emphasis>
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close-up of leaflets
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">E</emphasis>
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close-up of rachis apex showing nectary
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">F</emphasis>
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inflorescences
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">G</emphasis>
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unripe pod
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">H</emphasis>
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mature pod. Images:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">B, F, H</emphasis>
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William Hawthorne (FHO)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">C-E, G</emphasis>
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David Harris (E), from www.africanplants.senckenberg.de.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="453" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Tree</emphasis>
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or rarely
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">shrub</emphasis>
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, unarmed or sometimes with blunt spine-like projections on young twigs (W. Hawthorne, personal communication), 5-35 m tall, stem to 40 cm in diameter. Branches covered with many minute round lenticels 0.1-0.2 mm, twigs, stipules, bud scales, all leaf axes and peduncles brown pubescent, often densely so. Foliage consisting of bipinnate leaves with opposite to sub-opposite pinnae with closely-spaced, distinctly discolourous leaflets, slightly wider in the middle with the apical pair distinctly distally projected, in the basal pair often one or both leaflets reduced to paraphyllidia. The inflorescences consisting of sub-spherical capitula emerging in axillary fascicles, often aggregated into pseudoracemes emerging from the perulate resting buds, with the leaves not fully developing and caducous.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Stipules</emphasis>
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deltoid to linear, 2-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.0-1.8 mm, caducous, perulae deltoid, 2-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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1.8-3 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Leaves</emphasis>
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with (3-)5-7(-8) pairs of pinnae, apical pairs usually slightly longer and the basal pair sometimes much shorter with fewer leaflets, petiole 1.3-2.5 cm, pulvinate, adaxially shallowly canaliculate and often laterally and abaxially grooved, with a circular to elliptic sessile cupular nectary ca. 0.8-2.1 mm in diameter located ca. mid-petiole, rachis (1.8-)4.5-11(-14.5) cm, adaxially shallowly canaliculate and often laterally and abaxially grooved, with 2-5 circular to elliptic sessile cupular nectaries between or just below the distal pairs of pinnae ca. 0.5 mm in diameter, pinna-rachises (2.4-)3.5-8(-10.2) cm, proximally pulvinate, laterally compressed, with elliptic to circular sessile cupular nectaries of 0.2-0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.5 mm between the upper 1-4(-15) leaflet pairs, pinnae with (7-)13-20(-25) leaflet pairs, very often the abaxial leaflet of the lowermost pair reduced to a paraphyllidium, leaflets sessile, pulvinate, inequilaterally hastate or weakly sigmoid, with acute or sometimes obtuse apex or (in subsp.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. J. M. Koenen, stat. nov. et" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="E. J. M. Koenen, stat. nov. et" baseAuthorityYear="2022" family="Fabaceae" genus="Osodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Osodendron altissimum subsp. busiraensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="subSpecies" species="altissimum" subSpecies="busiraensis">Osodendron altissimum busiraensis</taxonomicName>
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) weakly rhombic with oblique base and mostly obtuse apex or sometimes apiculate, (4-)7-14(-18)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(1.5-)3-4 mm, asymmetrically palmately-pinnate secondary venation with 7-10 veins starting from leaflet base next to the mid-rib and (7-)15-22 major and intercalary secondary veins laterally from the mid-rib, brochidodromous to craspedodromous, distinctly prominent on both surfaces when dry (or obscure on adaxial surface in subsp.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. J. M. Koenen, stat. nov. et" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="E. J. M. Koenen, stat. nov. et" baseAuthorityYear="2022" family="Fabaceae" genus="Osodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Osodendron altissimum subsp. busiraensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="subSpecies" species="altissimum" subSpecies="busiraensis">Osodendron altissimum busiraensis</taxonomicName>
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), tertiary venation finely reticulate, hardly visible on adaxial surface.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Capitula</emphasis>
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ca. 35-50-flowered, on peduncles 1.8-3.2 cm, dimorphic with 3-9 central flowers with broader base and longer staminal tubes, bracts lanceolate to lanceolate-spatulate, ca. 0.9-1.2
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.1-0.2 mm, ciliate in upper half, caducous. Peripheral flowers slenderly campanulate with pale green or greenish-white calyx and corolla, subsessile to shortly pedicellate, pedicel to ca. 0.5 mm, sparsely pubescent. Calyx 5-merous, 2-3.2 mm long, the deltoid lobes ca. 0.5
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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0.5 mm, ciliate at the apex and often also a few scattered short hairs on the outer surface of calyx tube and lobes, otherwise glabrous, corolla 5-merous, 5-7.5 mm long, glabrous, androecium of ca. 20-25 stamens, filaments white, ca. 12-17 mm long, fused into a tube at the base for ca. 2-3 mm, anthers yellow, basifixed, pollen aggregated into 32-celled flattened polyads. Pistil ca. 13-18 mm long, the ovary ca. 3 mm with a few scattered hairs on distal half and the funnel-shaped stigma extending ca. 1 mm beyond the anthers. Central flowers similar, but sessile, broadly campanulate and staminal tube ca. 5.5-8.5 mm long (i.e. the stamens are approximately the same length, but the fused tube is longer than in peripheral flowers), the tube exserted beyond the corolla.
|
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Fruit</emphasis>
|
||||
a spirally-curved, twisted or coiled lomentiform pod, usually articulate between the seeds, breaking up tardily after abscission in water or on the forest floor, often with arenchymous swollen mesocarp for flotation, (10-)18-29(-30)
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(0.8-)1.1-1.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.2-0.6 cm, (3-)9-20(-23) seeded. Seeds plano-compressed, nearly round or slightly elliptic, ca. 5-7.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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4-6
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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1.5-2 mm, chestnut brown with a small 2.1-3.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1-1.5 mm elliptic to obovate or oblong open pleurogram.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="453" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
A specimen seen at Kew, of
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Santo 1858
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, collected in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinée-Bissau">Guinee-Bissau</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, is doubtfully placed in this species. This specimen is highly unusual in the number of pairs of pinnae (13) and leaflet pairs (14-35) and the leaflets appear relatively small and elongate (even though they appear not fully expanded), while having the typical asymmetrical hastate shape. Furthermore, the fruit is not clearly articulate and also differs in being only somewhat curved rather than twisted or coiled.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JPM" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" refId="B6" refString="Brenan, JPM, Brummitt, RK, 1965. New and little-known species from the Flora Zambesiaca area: 19. Leguminosae-Mimosoideae. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, serie 2, 39: 189-205." title="New and little-known species from the Flora Zambesiaca area: 19. Leguminosae-Mimosoideae. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, serie 2, 39: 189 - 205." year="1965">Brenan and Brummitt (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also cited this material as being unusual and speculated that it may be a distinct taxon. I do not share this opinion as I do not think it is sufficiently morphologically distinct. It is perhaps more likely of hybrid origin with
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="O." lsidName="O. dinklagei" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="species" species="dinklagei">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">O. dinklagei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which occurs sympatrically, as the other parent. However, this unusual specimen resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="O." lsidName="O. altissimum" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="species" species="altissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">O. altissimum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
much more closely than
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="O." lsidName="O. dinklagei" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="species" species="dinklagei">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">O. dinklagei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the number of pinnae and leaflets and dimensions of the leaflets clearly distinguish it from that species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
The holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pithecellobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pithecellobium stuhlmannii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stuhlmannii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Pithecellobium stuhlmannii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was destroyed at B and no surviving isotypes are known. According to the Flora of East Tropical Africa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JP" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" refId="B5" refString="Brenan, JP, 1959. Flora of tropical East Africa. Leguminosae: subfamily Mimosoideae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." title="Flora of tropical East Africa. Leguminosae: subfamily Mimosoideae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." year="1959">Brenan 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), the original material was collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo, west of Lake Albert. The specimen of
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Bequaert 4887</emphasis>
|
||||
from BR is from the same region, includes leaves, flowers and immature fruit and matches the description in the protologue and is here selected as the neotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. stuhlmannii" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="species" species="stuhlmannii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">P. stuhlmannii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="453">
|
||||
The holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia passargei" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passargei">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Albizia passargei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was also destroyed at B, but
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Villiers, JF" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" refId="B24" refString="Villiers, JF, 1989. Leguminosae-Mimosoideae. Flore du Gabon (31): 3-174." title="Leguminosae-Mimosoideae. Flore du Gabon (31): 3 - 174." year="1989">Villiers (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
placed the name in synonymy with
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. altissimum" pageId="0" pageNumber="453" rank="species" species="altissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">C. altissimum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on the description in the protologue. A specimen of
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="453">Letouzey 2562</emphasis>
|
||||
from P, comprising leaves and flowers, is here chosen as the neotype as it was collected in N Cameroon (ca. 150 km SW of the type locality) and matches the description in the protologue.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
525
data/BA/26/DB/BA26DB7601B2C1B975989599C1B41692.xml
Normal file
525
data/BA/26/DB/BA26DB7601B2C1B975989599C1B41692.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
|
|||
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="292563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="afb01eb3-6b5a-4e13-a9ad-48739805ae24" checkinTime="1706642155971" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Info Flora" docDate="2021" docId="BA26DB7601B2C1B975989599C1B41692" docLanguage="de" docName="InfoFlora.Lamiaceae.xml" docOrigin="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/lamiaceae.html (accessed 2023-10-20)" docSource="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/lamiaceae.html" docTitle="Melissa officinalis L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="687D52DCC04125B29482765A459B9A41" masterDocId="39FFBFE86367472A05D58FE9CD9DB16B" masterDocTitle="Info Flora Schweiz - Lamiaceae" updateTime="1712202354046" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="D00BA7A6CD9B3BBD2B40758DA5E1226C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="C98FEAC761B89477675BA850BD8F632F">
|
||||
<mods:title id="7B594B6937B56909E0AF216D77BB2FA5">Info Flora Schweiz - Lamiaceae</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="4A871A678D1B40206DD8FDCDDC102D93" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="00DA526CD00DCC6D758CA649FB4D13E4">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="D3D54907F2202F1288BCFBFBE9D8C3FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F0893A1F5DF94D88F2A7307DDDCD150C">Info Flora</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2CDA38F3BFDF46A8F12C16661B65530E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:originInfo id="1C328613D0E7408179032E900DEC455D">
|
||||
<mods:dateIssued id="CAD1060EFB717F0A82B4F704C6A96AED">2021</mods:dateIssued>
|
||||
<mods:dateCaptured id="D04B98BEFF02F1E3DE57089A1E66FC9D">2023-10-20</mods:dateCaptured>
|
||||
<mods:publisher id="3ED25D6FB0D32DBB7596609CE17D303E">Info Flora Schweiz</mods:publisher>
|
||||
<mods:place id="3260844395881410B466CBFCC1972924">
|
||||
<mods:placeTerm id="67E7299357F542448A6FC9FE438AFD80">Geneve</mods:placeTerm>
|
||||
</mods:place>
|
||||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||||
<mods:location id="5211DC3D0FDABF63182D644F82F739C6">
|
||||
<mods:url id="9638DC06E30245FFA42B6AF670A155D2">https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/lamiaceae.html</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="B9A8D190CA36F5F3E5E73A9D2392A1AD">url</mods:classification>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BA26DB7601B2C1B975989599C1B41692" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10921673" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224777153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10921673" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA26DB7601B2C1B975989599C1B41692" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA26DB7601B2C1B975989599C1B41692">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="82B73E1EFB92DBA34C30943CE2210323" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F2C21E9D72617E12B678760BFD87DAA3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A2FDC8003F8ED64086A29AA9B2181B2" ID-CoL="3ZJGV" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1DD3B6180D2216A8646D8EE23F0F6E3E" italics="true">Melissa officinalis</emphasis>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D393F030648F916AEFFDD42A33255F63" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4CA6898DDF3594D255FD6FFCCF23D2D0">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="C4258C04DF96C2BE3BE4F83CF5C74BF6">Zitronen-Melisse</vernacularName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="580FD7F93B7888D903355939EA8AF2B8" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B853A76D6001CEC2CFBD51799FF685A">
|
||||
Art ISFS: 257800 Checklist: 1028780
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="10E4B947664CC6DCF935C3ABED1DF2DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C2ED43C804ED4013686B4212C5F74811" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melissa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C43D624744E46D4E99CEE084D2955312" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D4B11128CF069D0A9CACE448790B47E0">
|
||||
<heading id="8C7AB032B0E9C2063017E2ADBDF43A5B">Zusammenfassung</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1506D1BCD2B8D69C97FC51722CE736D7" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2800C08C5193B2E1A3142818789B8BF8">
|
||||
Artbeschreibung
|
||||
<emphasis id="7505C6ABCE5D24D33967D4EABEC98EA9" italics="true">
|
||||
(nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4ECF9A871B1A06FD4F5397C619FEA248" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. & Wagner, G. & Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber & al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<quantity id="0900DB15133D675DE545CBF071EEB860" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="60.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="30.0">30-90 cm</quantity>
|
||||
hoch, verzweigt, kurz behaart,
|
||||
<emphasis id="BFC82ED8D58F8D80D097C97D48FFCC8A" bold="true">
|
||||
mit Zitronengeruch.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5B0A6CFF087FD401664ACE189C191A5A" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7EC232F94C1AD6FDC484CC35C7ECEC60" originalValue="eiförmig">eifoermig</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, grob
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C2D06C357EF16E24641116F3CD46ECA5" originalValue="gezähnt">gezaehnt</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, in den kurzen Stiel
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FC649CEB059D4664CF4CA03A3C21D038" originalValue="verschmälert">verschmaelert</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Spreite
|
||||
<quantity id="9BB33423D6C3B470D82DE5E7838010A6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2-8 cm</quantity>
|
||||
lang.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="20BAC460A7B5868E6B65B9FE624E277B" originalValue="Blüten">Blueten</normalizedToken>
|
||||
zu 3-6 +/- einseitswendig in den Achseln der oberen
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7221C5973817317C2AC0C940BBD2691A" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="71986E616526B1514D3E22A220612D99" bold="true">Krone weiss</emphasis>
|
||||
, ca.
|
||||
<quantity id="813745865F81DC9BDF930971F16B6F67" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||||
lang,
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDBA486318A6B53B63FE0B33261268E6" bold="true">
|
||||
mit bauchig erweiterter,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="19A6E5B7BF6577AEFCB4A9895BD90346" originalValue="aufwärts">aufwaerts</normalizedToken>
|
||||
gebogener
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="75AB97D7ED11C6CAC041E79A0D1C1A48" originalValue="Röhre">Roehre</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, flacher, ausgerandeter Oberlippe und 3teiliger Unterlippe.
|
||||
<emphasis id="CADA9C6CF7365716939BB1DE7D6FB1B9" bold="true">
|
||||
Kelch
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5B722323B3FCEA4DE9DB663F2A093AC0" originalValue="glockenförmig">glockenfoermig</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, zweilippig
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="676A4FFBE1A340B515C8B9EE52CDF05F" originalValue="Zähne">Zaehne</normalizedToken>
|
||||
der Unterlippe grannig
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F1FC991B4BADE34D6DA4D9647EB423BD" originalValue="verlängert">verlaengert</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3DC55B5ABA9F4F055DF5E66DB48D0A11" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F552FBE4B57B1688AC3BE72F7F653F4F">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1E2790A21E50053E96BDD08FBC0FB9E1" originalValue="Blütezeit">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E490D453BD8C2B8E32E1956A9B905D23" italics="true">
|
||||
(nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="06D51E81E1E3019867D10B7F3C72B15C" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. & Wagner, G. & Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber & al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: 6-8
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="269C32B854FE7AE0274305FBBB3F895D">
|
||||
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F94FDA80743FA9C12AE3D11A0AA872D" italics="true">
|
||||
(nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="12A9C225FF6B95B18F557908221B823B" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. & Wagner, G. & Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber & al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: Kultiviert und gelegentlich verwildert / kollin(-montan) /
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6D6ECB244CB2F48667D4FEA2BFBACB12" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="55757325F4DA74347E2F69D569182994">
|
||||
Verbreitung global
|
||||
<emphasis id="A7B634B3194CDBC5BD85FB2D78193C1E" italics="true">
|
||||
(nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6C5482E6D90E17826EE9DB547FCA8F2B" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. & Wagner, G. & Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber & al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: Ostmediterran
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="574E5C07C765F1855106FF9923325E58" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2EF7E3D7293EAC0D5684296CE65970D2">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0937D5FF8DD5B74FBB67F234320DECA6" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Zeigerwerte
|
||||
<emphasis id="A0FD4CBEC12979B235CCF3EC911D4D63" italics="true">
|
||||
(nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1D5E2AD6892146C462C8E667841AE413" author="Landolt, E. & Bäumler, B. & Erhardt, A. & Hegg, O. & Klötzli, F. & Lämmler, W. & Nobis, M. & Rudmann-Maurer, K. & Theurillat, J.P. & Urmi, E. & Vust, M. & Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt & al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
344-34 + 2.g-h.2n=32
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8444734018972E523446F83B26D8678A" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BAB4FC43A58A4263112BC19C49262566">Status</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="650136D91A3A500E8D21EEB98A9D556C" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="318336906AFDCC6819C3265A7F67EA09">
|
||||
<heading id="1899C14DB4F1E405D724C0D1E255FA17">Status IUCN</heading>
|
||||
: Nicht
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E50FF1A0EBF130BDB5CB9A8D5EBD894B" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E83FE18B887296BA70AFACC38AE605CD" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1572E6EF581D2F0281DD1E1242054AF2">
|
||||
<heading id="E05B26054E58F2FC18AE2C1DAB035A1D">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="22C3A185F41611A444D3A665DFA14424" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FDAB7B7BE093746DFD9BB1F155A1EEDB">
|
||||
Lebensform Geophyt,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="227FCCD776D8FF0B6927348FE2177B9C" originalValue="Mehrjähriger">Mehrjaehriger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Hemikryptophyt
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3130553BFE3D829BCB8495B46D0614DE">
|
||||
<heading id="E03547A20E2831E1D1D87A4531DCD23F">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
|
||||
nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="73DEA3D12FD3A1A88211BFD9B78B339B" author="Delarze, R. & Gonseth, Y. & Eggenberger, S. & Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze & al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A274DFB98ADD0560F3D34338813E6CFC">
|
||||
<table id="630B1F346BD4658E1B8DED1FD6F35E94" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tr id="4D05DBC8761902C05CE4179DEB749D03">
|
||||
<td id="1EABA95C5CBFF4F14DFA9D8A13745F96">
|
||||
<tbody id="B95FB804104F5CB61124CCE6B7D5834F">
|
||||
7.1.8 -
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6243CE53697B2886EF2204222B5712D0" originalValue="Lägerflur">Laegerflur</normalizedToken>
|
||||
der Tieflagen (
|
||||
<emphasis id="5E63BADA7B45860267EFF9B2922DEC88" italics="true">Arction</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="11AFA6BCE11D9410C4AF8C53984531B8">
|
||||
<tableNote id="A06246898FE9D01A515F81EDC9392230">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B2A0A1C3EB1605EEC946CA0BFB34E9CE" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="625D0CB521113EDF2D4AB02B6449AE31" italics="true">
|
||||
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8BE5FB8F1CC94A422FA9E98D9FFCDC26" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B18E88E9AC22FE6B9CC0912A21054DB2" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6372E51DD5773EA6ACD6F3F3498862D2" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
|
||||
</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A4346718B88F27F6F7168699AA4F904A" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1433A298C1A0837BD2347D68B7B4391A">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C4A9BAFF674DC2CD4B6946069957E07D" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Zeigerwerte nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="749D251926BB57C380BA921397CBE383" author="Landolt, E. & Bäumler, B. & Erhardt, A. & Hegg, O. & Klötzli, F. & Lämmler, W. & Nobis, M. & Rudmann-Maurer, K. & Theurillat, J.P. & Urmi, E. & Vust, M. & Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt & al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A1AE2D91F31C2E5417B4B90411C7F29C">
|
||||
<table id="4704E4EBD85A6C9ABE21F6B5D0A474BB" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="5D0A854522BD622B1E5773860A15D6E6">
|
||||
<tr id="2CB30132F7AFBD3E751712045B718C42">
|
||||
<th id="51642E65EE07B1600337B57091012C0C" colspan="2">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D4D1EA16DE71B8A8E97713AC1A20ABFC" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="2865A846D6E4FDAF994F2C54A1292F06" colspan="2">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DFFE1A53D63149BBE9842E115C704186" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="FA1AFC7DB72E87E009D6EA6D53D3A533" colspan="2">
|
||||
<emphasis id="31BBA54B7D018B0C0528F7BA049E006F" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4E9FA5010476CA363DD747C683C7DDDB">
|
||||
<td id="A8969E80F89233375438497A7CBE6A36">Feuchtezahl F</td>
|
||||
<td id="1B0C8649CAA609EE335FA29B315E47F8" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="76189F8A58A806CA94BD2E47EDB5A126" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
|
||||
feucht
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="12A2E256DE8F8CD5272233EB38AC595C">Lichtzahl L</td>
|
||||
<td id="8F75F17FC9F8DCCAAA3DB9C568D5E302" style="text-align:left;width:60px">halbschattig</td>
|
||||
<td id="E54469B409579FF2BBA96D3A2AD0C428">Salzzeichen</td>
|
||||
<td id="F0071ECC7A6C02BDC70EDA86F5214887" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="442CCF712DCEDC47870594935B653795">
|
||||
<td id="A684F2864FC20D5DC8A67D01B133A6BE">Reaktionszahl R</td>
|
||||
<td id="C5E98505A8A3569EB00393AE73222915" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
|
||||
<td id="E6002A2CD19B62CC8FF394397AC5AF29">Temperaturzahl T</td>
|
||||
<td id="02A083316C7DA77283E72F5A188D62C3" style="text-align:left">warm-kollin</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="93AF5EDFE7E50B675EBADD17CCDFABBB">
|
||||
<td id="819144CE9B02F7E62DAA1C0E7FE0542C">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0A6AEB104EAD962A82F2717EC5AB73AE" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
N
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="50DD58949BB080D7F7B7A4B5F30D6269" style="text-align:left">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0CFBD198E0541DA5D92C800D84E97622" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="60952ED4F1AB28FBC138D8ABA2E5B48F">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="202AEB551726BA8BEEF6BD98540AF79D" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
|
||||
K
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="FA0B082351662F158FD975F452653970" style="text-align:left">subozeanisch (hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit, geringe Temperaturschwankungen, eher milde Winter)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C591E028675DF0D2CE4B655648ECDF4F" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EC6329FCB7310D446719049CAD23E3B3">
|
||||
<heading id="5033B0795279E463BAFEDCBC5441B13A">Nomenklatur</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4770BE567FAF025CCE1AD85559E7593D">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="4F27068C7552255137200552047CB20C">
|
||||
<heading id="4BD5D41D550E62666B325018EC919226">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BDCE032FC328EE5BACF9ED451A5F92F3" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Name (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A2661C7CF8A8B0544E8139EB105BA529" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B01D33C30FE70C1B83CFDCD5C6E37264" ID-CoL="3ZJGV" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0741AF0574CB6EEC6AA4D50888FD29CA" italics="true">Melissa officinalis</emphasis>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="587681C34D96304C61FD1E784E0FBC74" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DC5FAF4B06C56903743B28E545F84E30">
|
||||
Volksname Deutscher Name:
|
||||
<vernacularName id="79B4B76FC565204F7AA73352C9AE246C" language="deu">Zitronen-Melisse</vernacularName>
|
||||
Nom
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6474A5CD944B6C8A96EE363BA46BA6C6" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<vernacularName id="0E81BBCFBCA90D9ED8FA8DE465B07544" language="fra">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2EAECA09D27F9F23D566DA1D28A5936C" originalValue="Mélisse">Melisse</normalizedToken>
|
||||
officinale
|
||||
</vernacularName>
|
||||
Nome italiano:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="738A78D7E77CBD0584F027F38B9678EC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vera">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="0F91137C49381AFFA1ACC124688D91A8" language="ita">Melissa vera</vernacularName>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AC73E40B29DD9C5EDADAEC5B3E50583B" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7BAAD1E594B5EEC5A49A807A1F3ABF5B">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0A8BBF9D1A2B07E91CF06C8B69C10FAA" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
|
||||
mit anderen Referenzwerken
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3886187AB12E2B907BC73D0D849FB8CD">
|
||||
<table id="2E4918FC6610CC31C7E436BA56E3D5F1" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="7CF2A10F914CAE061701D6023A6A4F09">
|
||||
<tr id="9C8BC9D67AC83187737B61D0B58F9169">
|
||||
<th id="D9780C3580848F779E47C7585EFAD392" width="80px">Relation</th>
|
||||
<th id="6096808F11CC1E1648272403ECF0B94D">Nom</th>
|
||||
<th id="8226A34D12546C1B094339BB9786F66A">Referenzwerke</th>
|
||||
<th id="73DD153182E51B8352A78925A3933FC8" width="90px">No</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="D295018A9F6BEB5ED14EF4912259736C">
|
||||
<td id="253748EB91A8374366F4273642410BFB" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="F3E08525042EA3D4417DA361E39F7A19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56E6C82C000F4FD854003E7194178A03" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="A5222F52DD92DC463DA624DD5EA4332D">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="5890C29C77564B5BA1B59D98D21600D7">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8FBA36A35B9167C433093B181F73C956" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="7696E61BBD4F150168A8FC9A61C0B73F">257800</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="2A20EB142DBFB6DEE57F3EED3379044D">
|
||||
<td id="D13AB2832A666FE5B14944A760D9E0D1" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="5B334D9207D43B56B82E64F1B0417484">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F792BE61506C6442ED6383C21E6FAA6" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="CDD7EC08A42FA2C549D631FCC9D70177">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="A07B4B2B1DFD608DE867CE2D1B8E2545">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C68ACDDF3B3230EA30C1E45001D9E817">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="C5AED74F1F0A9F20CE1A56589AAC9975">1711</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C977FB5D84D357380DED69E45431F5ED">
|
||||
<td id="1217CC365B515508F7313733CD4117BF" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="8F553F887FE363E91E33C76261D1D0BB">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8AC16EB4E89C42BA417CB2C48CD7C998" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="2429DB5B77B889B2AC2F8B5AD6ED231F">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="0457C7D2408D88B89B6F29C88E144BE3">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A53B47196F182E65CD850FB06C0DDFE9">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="E860DA06E1D74CAFDAAF2B0620C155F7">1596</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="B7F73212BB7AF313F5FC001C9F4082D7">
|
||||
<td id="5A8D8F1EF1729B11AD413AE9FD26D1D7" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="2A80665948C665211DDF1D6EDAD5B898">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A7DF7F234513A56B39A09967C07ECA6" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="F98790276190DCAE4B6AC719207E75B5">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="6DE5C6C48F3FAA61F6094A1F2DA1FEA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16743D200D8BF62CF47D73027A2FED82">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2133C9C1EC816DFC0EF55355B6245E88">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="5C7340FAAFDACFD5D4E83DC0B2AE13BA">1596</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A451E58DAAEFEDD12D26DA56863428EB">
|
||||
<td id="39384C54EB48DCF559B0A0440D12EA4F" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="E696717ACD693987EB6FB4E7CA393AFE">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64DC7C46362EC691700BA6FCB184DE8F" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="F99690BA9EB04222EBB96AC2F39810A0">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="6A2807CB76B72653A4909CAF1AF307AD">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="00D8B3E4644373A1F373826CEB2FB571">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="F87615A96FD8714D3850E95D4BAB5C60">257800</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4EC48013031906D3F53A70B4E9A87C98">
|
||||
<td id="D2D63A281D0F0B76729DED7168AF19BC" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="1F62A9C2F37BA5D7AB4DDFF61B8D9719">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4EBE5AE4E50964831320F53F42881243" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="BC751C171BE1227AA50AC4865000E061">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="409B8A319D69949CD248E5C32FB6ACA1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="75CEC767070D48B470666E71917F9D23">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="8DFFAD95517AC7A63BC0C9A8B3B30772">2543</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="33617D139ECAB8B550986BFA71863C1F">
|
||||
<td id="9C86416714FE1C627C483F8CB3045956" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="94D726AD47AF9046184F3E59A749C7A1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5F53ACA64BEF41F18DC8FEA0FBDA624" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="98FB2F3431FF4F69994A047B287381D2">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="7C272318B2520125812CDF3A1E3C4E81">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F73E974F89ABCB43B079E86EB2E1385D">Landolt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="CBEC7F81198AAE87979CA4A44FCA65A2">2068</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="7448A66B17FDD893507876C62546A2D2">
|
||||
<td id="56060A993F83F9D56757EBDEEEB78634" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
|
||||
<td id="6D4E439769F797BB69F846A8230B4E12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B7FE7FFBA77F7774B39B5037D785745" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Melissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">Melissa officinalis L.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="B6F6CA3AA239EB25EA9F95E2E2E05D66">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="DEDEA14DAE23B4D7B4C247F445EA4B8F">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C0D34F969413D4891DD023F24E45761">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="60A638B5AE367DEA8C1593CC3239AC0B">257800</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="03E9919F9C187544A3244EDA442EFC55">
|
||||
<tableNote id="FB02FB5CF009E85F8EF9317663B13D32">
|
||||
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="43F44B434B8AB1792F146121E64B4491" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="03F17B45EE230B0C8E73F784D0F60A46" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) <Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FCDC5C54DD5A9558765F38DBEB4829D1" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) enthalten> Taxon
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="77CC5503B9C9EB137AB60F9151D83DF7" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5E327B2CA89BF7C1AD102A01B425C1FB" author="Juillerat, P. & Bäumler, B. & Bornand, C. & Gygax, A. & Jutzi, M. & Möhl, A. & Nyffeler, R. & Sager, L. & Santiago, H. & Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9DCE70DAC0E611FA7063F6546C01B4AA" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="616E75C5D24E8FADF1AEB85F18B0026B">
|
||||
<heading id="35221D5D6F8F13EB64858FCB1111FB31">Status Indigenat</heading>
|
||||
: Archeophyt: vor der Entdeckung von Amerika in der Region aufgetreten (vor 1500)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5C5A123DE34C816027676D536ACE9F73">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F455D23002AF69E623B16545D9277DC" bold="true">
|
||||
<heading id="EB1B8038F1DBA9F481BEDD64B320FE83">
|
||||
Liste der
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA105323CEB5E3C3B7AC48BFD4632307" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Pflanzen IUCN
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
(nach
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AE3B9DD6425E60622E255919745A8821" author="Walter, K.S. & Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter & Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Nein
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="430283395C88C7B338FC2AA26FCA9288">
|
||||
<heading id="98E3082448D2B600B3D7593F9701C245">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="67A36651772F06C1E869E84CBD3318D0">
|
||||
<heading id="D3406627867EAF4CCC1B6D60971F7F88">Status IUCN</heading>
|
||||
: Nicht
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A82DAD92152D7CB320F1E4F3A9173B6D" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="43B0CD567609753C0988E6E0C2977C2A">
|
||||
<heading id="8578D97229A57339EC72E8104BFFFDD3">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F7AF8496E6F0CC2E174CD5DEF92185EA" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Informationen
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
Kriterien IUCN: --
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F32D09C6EFE57C8A6E579EF449B5BD85">
|
||||
<heading id="E58BAA9B69695D6899762CB99EE78BB4">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="07382BC46FD45F0D8BC5E78A93909C83">
|
||||
<table id="BFD884C4AB9FA02BF7481F54B2C93221" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tbody id="AF82EAF73C457F123A4C99549EECB71F">
|
||||
<tr id="D3AE7B6DE9576F5998891309393EC9CB">
|
||||
<th id="86EC0A27AC3173AA1E1CC19C60BEA213">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
|
||||
<th id="2AA508B0CEFC98B55EDEB4536CE5C477">Status</th>
|
||||
<th id="229009390FCCB38860C087CF9F53EDF9">Kriterien IUCN</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="69971E9E710CF2B06423072665AD0611">
|
||||
<td id="70493D01A28B86FEE95B2F1B6B2FAD11" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
|
||||
<td id="252BC9E938E5C5CB46CE870727ACAE80">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="FF76BE033B02AC095F69EA35D011385A">
|
||||
<td id="A51A1602E7FE96938D4FABC74A923943" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
|
||||
<td id="4D0BD330F9AD5975A10576580F1CB104">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4F4077B112819D2BE97B6803AAC20FF4">
|
||||
<td id="6BDDBD92779C8E0E95B4B278F322FB2D" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
|
||||
<td id="33704318B242776A64F4764BD513EC8E">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A23D09EE35FFD8F186AEA7A710132F00">
|
||||
<td id="7108F22EB327E292BF9C8A081E33A88D" class="regional_status">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D5CBCD574F9C07E265B7B7B2FE94BD19" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(SA)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6F4E40B299E989958906B90896A755E9">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="DE9571BBAD2768C5AB6CE6ECE4B5C346">
|
||||
<td id="218C628CA63F34F5BDEFB2D04C7CBEDA" class="regional_status">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1A76F75F3D788B1EB6247633DCCE4E9C" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Zentralalpen (EA)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="CFF4D9A41168E92CF2B99A928B91A974">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="D9BDD04CF2B0AEAFD24942240B7E87DA">
|
||||
<td id="1E48B02E4A21C0BA53EB98DC0D8A7C1D" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
|
||||
<td id="7E13BABC85364C24553A9C8775D00726">nicht beurteilt (Not Evaluated)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="49401C6A4EF58EB205B47A034A671FCC">
|
||||
<heading id="64AA3F6F3DA664D373B494EDE883CC1C">
|
||||
Status nationale
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D3BFD2D587FA96F1AB72EE365ABC3D26" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
/Verantwortung
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F4ACB8F546928696BCB8E58281749731">
|
||||
<table id="1CBE8BD3C0ECE8D42040404B1C933169" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tr id="6AEF08F8473BB0B261F8F915AC32A167">
|
||||
<td id="970B81C824AF2992A98398428BE7582B">
|
||||
Keine nationale
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3BF06068481E86D4B6CCBF4DA2B0EF5D" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
oder internationale Verantwortung
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9BBDECAB5B31DB202C7D1E747FD386F5">
|
||||
<heading id="250BBFAC226B7F258EA5441EC31CBCA7">Schutzstatus</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1074C0042AB96CB22FEA94843D54D7A3">
|
||||
<table id="460313BAFB64F87164093F694BDBBC88" class="table" inLine="true">
|
||||
<tr id="5A5E30663D8FA1C2B29338F090BD1EA9">
|
||||
<td id="DBBE15298C98655C710C11CF4EAD2CF4">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
601
data/BA/26/F7/BA26F7DFCCDE5E55A2175606F27447D8.xml
Normal file
601
data/BA/26/F7/BA26F7DFCCDE5E55A2175606F27447D8.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cede2a7-3880-480c-8401-1015e5440145" ID-PMC="PMC7674391" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-990-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" ID-PubMed="33269011" ID-ZooBank="7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704" ModsDocID="1313-2970-990-1" checkinTime="1605112396458" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimizu, So, Broad, Gavin R. & Maeto, Kaoru" docDate="2020" docId="BA26F7DFCCDE5E55A2175606F27447D8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 990: 1-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 990" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542" docTitle="Enicospilus Stephens 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169845364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Shimizu, So</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & DC and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Maeto, Kaoru</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>990</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>144</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-990-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170296346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA26F7DFCCDE5E55A2175606F27447D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA26F7DFCCDE5E55A2175606F27447D8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="BA26F7DF-CCDE-5E55-A217-5606F27447D8" authority="Stephens, 1835" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enicospilus Stephens, 1835</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enicospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Stephens, 1835: 126; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion merdarius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merdarius">Ophion merdarius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gravenhorst sensu Stephens (=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon ramidulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramidulus">Ichneumon ramidulus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Linnaeus), by monotypy (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Stephens, JF" journalOrPublisher="Baldwin & Cradock, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B160" refString="Stephens, JF, 1845. Index, list of plates and errata of "Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata. Vol. VII.". Baldwin & Cradock, London, 307-312." title="Index, list of plates and errata of " Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata. Vol. VII. ". Baldwin & Cradock, London, 307 - 312." year="1845">Stephens 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Henicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Henicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Henicospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz, LJR" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B2" refString="Agassiz, LJR, 1846. Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. Sumptibus Jent et Gassmann, Soloduri [= Solothurn, Switzerland], viii + 393 pp." title="Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. Sumptibus Jent et Gassmann, Soloduri [= Solothurn, Switzerland], viii + 393 pp." year="1846">Agassiz 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 138; unjustified emendation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Allocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allocamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Allocamptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869: 150; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion undulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">Ophion undulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gravenhorst, 1829, by subsequent designation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thomson, CG" journalOrPublisher="Lund" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1185 - 1201" refId="B170" refString="Thomson, CG, 1888. XXXVI. Oefversigt af de i Sverige funna arter af Ophion och Paniscus. Opuscula Entomologica. Lund 12: 1185 - 1201" title="XXXVI. Oefversigt af de i Sverige funna arter af Ophion och Paniscus. Opuscula Entomologica." volume="12" year="1888">Thomson 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1189).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dispilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dispilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dispilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kriechbaumer, 1894: 309; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion (Dispilus) natalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis" subGenus="Dispilus">Ophion (Dispilus) natalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kriechbaumer, 1894, by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pleuroneurophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleuroneurophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pleuroneurophion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1900: 86; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pleuroneurophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1900, by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Banchogastra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Banchogastra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1900: 87; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Banchogastra niger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">Banchogastra niger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1900, by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pycnophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pycnophion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1900: 87; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pycnophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnophion molokaiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molokaiensis">Pycnophion molokaiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1900, by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymatoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymatoneura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cymatoneura</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kriechbaumer, 1901a: 22; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion undulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">Ophion undulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gravenhorst, 1829, by subsequent designation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B187" refString="Viereck, HL, 1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin 83: 1 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" title="Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" volume="83" year="1914">Viereck 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 8).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kriechbaumer, 1901b: 156; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion (Enicospilus) dubius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius" subGenus="Enicospilus">Ophion (Enicospilus) dubius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Tosquinet, 1896, by subsequent designation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B187" refString="Viereck, HL, 1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin 83: 1 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" title="Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" volume="83" year="1914">Viereck 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 126); junior homonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rondani, 1856.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kreichbaumer" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Trispilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trispilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trispilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kriechbaumer, 1901b: 156; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus" subGenus="Enicospilus">Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Tosquinet, 1896, by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Abanchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abanchogastra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Abanchogastra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Perkins, 1902: 141; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Abanchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abanchogastra debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Abanchogastra debilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Perkins, 1902, by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Metophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metophion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1905: 28; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Metophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metophion bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Metophion bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1905, by subsequent designation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B187" refString="Viereck, HL, 1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin 83: 1 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" title="Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" volume="83" year="1914">Viereck 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 94).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ceratospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ceratospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1905: 28; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ceratospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratospilus biroi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">Ceratospilus biroi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1905, by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Atoponeura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atoponeura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atoponeura</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1905: 34; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Atoponeura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atoponeura concolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">Atoponeura concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1905 (=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus atoponeurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atoponeurus">Enicospilus atoponeurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cushman, 1947), by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophiomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiomorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ophiomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1905: 34; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion curvinervis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvinervis">Ophion curvinervis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cameron, 1886 (=
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dalla Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus cameronii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cameronii">Enicospilus cameronii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dalla Torre, 1901), by subsequent designation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, CW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 176" refId="B49" refString="Hooker, CW, 1912. The Ichneumon flies of America belonging to the tribe Ophionini. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 38: 1 - 176" title="The Ichneumon flies of America belonging to the tribe Ophionini." volume="38" year="1912">Hooker 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 134); junior homonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophiomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiomorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ophiomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nilsson, 1836.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cryptocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptocamptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1909: 230; unnecessary replacement name for
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Allocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allocamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Allocamptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Amesospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amesospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amesospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Enderlein, 1914: 222; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Vollenhoven" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion unicallosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicallosus">Ophion unicallosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Vollenhoven, 1878, by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eremotyloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eremotyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eremotyloides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Perkins, 1915: 530; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eremotylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eremotylus orbitalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitalis">Eremotylus orbitalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1901, by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Schizospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Seyrig, 1935: 79; type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Schizospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizospilus divisus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisus">Schizospilus divisus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Seyrig, 1935, by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Afrotropical, Australasian, Holarctic, Neotropical, Oceanic, and Oriental regions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="www.taxapad.com" refId="B199" refString="Yu, DSK, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="bionomics">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
According to the available evidence, species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are koinobiont endoparasitoids of usually late instar
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae, but sometimes ovipositing in early instars (see summary in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Broad, GR" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 418" refId="B8" refString="Broad, GR, Shaw, MR, Fitton, MG, 2018. Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 7 (12): 1 - 418" title="Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology." volume="7" year="2018">Broad et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Many lepidopteran families, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" family="Notodontidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Saturniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are recorded as hosts (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B40" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1978. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1978">Gauld and Mitchell 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 309" refId="B35" refString="Gauld, ID, 1988. A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 57: 1 - 309" title="A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica." volume="57" year="1988">Gauld 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" author="Broad, GR" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B7" refString="Broad, GR, Shaw, MR, 2016. The British species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae). European Journal of Taxonomy 187: 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" title="The British species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" volume="187" year="2016">Broad and Shaw 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). They are frequently collected at light and usually considered to be nocturnal or crepuscular (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 309" refId="B35" refString="Gauld, ID, 1988. A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 57: 1 - 309" title="A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica." volume="57" year="1988">Gauld 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Shimizu, S" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="203 - 207" refId="B148" refString="Shimizu, S, Maeto, K, 2016. Three Oriental species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) newly recorded from Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 22: 203 - 207" title="Three Oriental species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) newly recorded from Japan." volume="22" year="2016">Shimizu and Maeto 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0067" author="Shimizu, S" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="183 - 194" refId="B142" refString="Shimizu, S, 2017. Description of a new species and revised key to species of the Enicospilus antefurcalis species-group from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57: 183 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0067" title="Description of a new species and revised key to species of the Enicospilus antefurcalis species-group from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0067" volume="57" year="2017">Shimizu 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Some
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are parasitoids of economically important
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pests (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nagatomi, A" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 105" refId="B102" refString="Nagatomi, A, Kusigemati, K, Kawasaki, H, Baba, T, 1972. Parasites of Sesamia inferens Walker at sugar cane field in Kagoshima Pref., Japan (Lep., Noctuidae). Mushi 46: 81 - 105" title="Parasites of Sesamia inferens Walker at sugar cane field in Kagoshima Pref., Japan (Lep., Noctuidae)." volume="46" year="1972">Nagatomi et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kusigemati, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="125 - 127" refId="B84" refString="Kusigemati, K, 1976. New host records of Ichneumonidae from Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University 12: 125 - 127" title="New host records of Ichneumonidae from Japan." volume="12" year="1976">Kusigemati 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). For instance,
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tosquinet" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus signativentris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signativentris">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus signativentris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Tosquinet, 1903) is a parasitoid of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" family="Poaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pests, such as the noctuid moths
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anadevidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anadevidia peponis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peponis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anadevidia peponis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fabricius, 1775,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Autographa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Autographa nigrisigna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrisigna">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Autographa nigrisigna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Walker, 1857 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trichoplusia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichoplusia intermixta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermixta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trichoplusia intermixta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Warren, 1913) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kusigemati, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="125 - 127" refId="B84" refString="Kusigemati, K, 1976. New host records of Ichneumonidae from Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University 12: 125 - 127" title="New host records of Ichneumonidae from Japan." volume="12" year="1976">Kusigemati 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kusigemati, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="135 - 138" refId="B85" refString="Kusigemati, K, 1981. New host records of Ichneumonidae from Japan (IV). Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University 17: 135 - 138" title="New host records of Ichneumonidae from Japan (IV)." volume="17" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kusigemati, K" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="83 - 88" refId="B86" refString="Kusigemati, K, Tanaka, A, 1992. New host records of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera), with description of a new Eriborus species from Japan (VIII). Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University 28: 83 - 88" title="New host records of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera), with description of a new Eriborus species from Japan (VIII)." volume="28" year="1992">Kusigemati and Tanaka 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. sakaguchii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sakaguchii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. sakaguchii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Matsumura & Uchida, 1926) is also known as a parasitoid of the rice pests
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bulter" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Sesamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sesamia turpis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turpis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sesamia turpis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Butler, 1879) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. inferens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inferens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. inferens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Walker, 1856) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nagatomi, A" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 105" refId="B102" refString="Nagatomi, A, Kusigemati, K, Kawasaki, H, Baba, T, 1972. Parasites of Sesamia inferens Walker at sugar cane field in Kagoshima Pref., Japan (Lep., Noctuidae). Mushi 46: 81 - 105" title="Parasites of Sesamia inferens Walker at sugar cane field in Kagoshima Pref., Japan (Lep., Noctuidae)." volume="46" year="1972">Nagatomi et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Hence,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophioninae">Ophioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
could potentially be useful for agriculture as biocontrol agents (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B40" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1978. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1978">Gauld and Mitchell 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 309" refId="B35" refString="Gauld, ID, 1988. A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 57: 1 - 309" title="A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica." volume="57" year="1988">Gauld 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="generic diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Generic diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species are moderately to very large insects, fore wing length usually 10.0-30.0 mm, with ophionoid facies. Easily distinguishable from other
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophioninae">Ophioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the following characters: fore wing discosubmarginal cell with extensive glabrous area (fenestra), often with one or more sclerites (e.g., Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Morphological terms and measurement characters for wings A fore wing (AC = anal cell, BC = basal cell, DS = discosubmarginal cell, FE = fenestra, FS = first subdiscal cell, FSM = fourth submarginal cell, MC = marginal cell, SD = second discal cell, SB = subbasal cell, SS = second subdiscal cell, TD = third discal cell) B hind wing (NI = mn / no, AC = anal cell, BC = basal cell, DC = discal cell, MC = marginal cell, SB = subbasal cell, SDC = subdiscal cell, SM = submarginal cell) C central part of fore wing (AI = cd / ab, CI = gf / fh, DI = k / fe, ICI = ab / bc, SDI = ef / gi, SI = l / j, SRI = ce / ef). Brown letters indicate veins and sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
); mandibles narrow, slightly to strongly twisted (e.g., Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Morphological terms and measurement characters for head and mandible A head in frontal view (fh = face height, fw = face width, ch = clypeus height, cw = clypeus width) B head in lateral view (be = breadth of eye, bg = breadth of gena; GOI = be / bg) C mandible in outer view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473768" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
); inner surface of fore tibial spur lacking membranous flange.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species can be confused with the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dicamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicamptus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but easily distinguished by the weakly to strongly tapered and twisted mandible (mandible very weakly tapered and never strongly twisted in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dicamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicamptus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). A key to the Japanese genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophioninae">Ophioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has also been provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.011" author="Shimizu, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="193 - 197" refId="B149" refString="Shimizu, S, Watanabe, K, 2017. Discovery of the enigmatic genus Skiapus Morley, 1917 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from Japan. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 193 - 197, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.011" title="Discovery of the enigmatic genus Skiapus Morley, 1917 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.011" volume="20" year="2017">Shimizu and Watanabe (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Generic description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Middle- to large-sized wasps (fore wing length usually 10.0-30.0 mm).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head. Clypeus flat to strongly convex in profile, ventral margin acute, blunt, or impressed. Mandible weakly to strongly tapered and twisted, usually moderately long, outer surface with or without diagonal setose groove or line of punctures, and bidentate apically. Frons, vertex and gena shiny and smooth. Ocelli usually very large and posterior ocellus often close to or touching eye. Occipital carina usually complete, ventrally reaching oral carina or not. Antennae usually longer than fore wing, with usually more than 50 flagellomeres.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma entirely weakly to moderately shiny with setae. Pronotum finely punctate or diagonally wrinkled and not specialised. Mesoscutum shiny and punctate to smooth with setae, evenly rounded in profile, and notauli usually absent. Scutellum moderately convex and usually with lateral longitudinal carinae. Epicnemium usually densely punctate with setae. Epicnemial carina present, straight to curved, inclined to curved to anterior margin of mesopleuron. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum usually complete. Propodeum evenly rounded or declivous in profile; anterior transverse carina usually complete; anterior area longitudinally striate; spiracular area usually smooth; posterior area reticulate, wrinkled, striate, or rugose; and posterior transverse carina usually absent.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings. Fore wing pterostigma fairly slender; vein 1m-cu&M evenly curved, angulate or sinuate, usually without a ramulus; vein 2r&RS usually more or less widened and sinuate; discosubmarginal cell usually with bare fenestra, often with one or more sclerotised sclerites. Hind wing vein RS usually straight and rarely weakly curved; vein RA usually with 4-12 uniform hamuli.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs. Inner mesal surface of fore tibial spur without membranous flange. Outer distal margin of mid and hind trochantelli usually simple without decurved tooth. Hind tarsal claw moderately to strongly curved and usually simply pectinate.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma very slender. Spiracle of T1 far behind middle. Thyridium well developed. Ovipositor straight and almost always not longer than posterior depth of metasoma.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour. General body colour usually entirely testaceous, with posterior metasomal segments sometimes darker, but body sometimes entirely dark brown to black or pale. Wings usually entirely hyaline or weakly infuscate, but wings with strong infumate area in a few species; fenestra always hyaline; sclerites weakly to strongly pigmented amber.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species criteria">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species criteria.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
We summarise the especially important diagnostic characters to identify
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Morphological terms and measurement characters for head and mandible A head in frontal view (fh = face height, fw = face width, ch = clypeus height, cw = clypeus width) B head in lateral view (be = breadth of eye, bg = breadth of gena; GOI = be / bg) C mandible in outer view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473768" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The head provides many good characters to define species, as many previous authors have indicated (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B40" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1978. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1978">Gauld and Mitchell 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 309" refId="B35" refString="Gauld, ID, 1988. A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 57: 1 - 309" title="A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica." volume="57" year="1988">Gauld 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.462.8229" author="Schwarzfeld, MD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 114" refId="B135" refString="Schwarzfeld, MD, Sperling, FAH, 2014. Species delimitation using morphology, morphometrics, and molecules: definition of the Ophion scutellaris Thomson species group, with descriptions of six new species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). ZooKeys 462: 59 - 114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.462.8229" title="Species delimitation using morphology, morphometrics, and molecules: definition of the Ophion scutellaris Thomson species group, with descriptions of six new species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.462.8229" volume="462" year="2014">Schwarzfeld and Sperling 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.550" author="Johansson, N" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 136" refId="B60" refString="Johansson, N, Cederberg, B, 2019. Review of the Swedish species of Ophion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with the description of 18 new species and an illustrated key to Swedish species. European Journal of Taxonomy 550: 1 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.550" title="Review of the Swedish species of Ophion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with the description of 18 new species and an illustrated key to Swedish species." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.550" volume="550" year="2019">Johansson and Cederberg 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Among them, the width of lower face as well as of clypeus, colour of interocellar area (or stemmaticum), shape of clypeus, and mandibular characters are especially useful and easy to use.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Width of the lower face is usually stable within a species group and/or species, even if the species is widespread, and sometimes provides enough gaps between species, although a few species, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. capensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, exhibit considerable variation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Although body colour can be very variable within species, the colour of the interocellar area is usually stable at the species level and a good diagnostic character.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The shape of the clypeus is also very useful. For instance, the nasute clypeus is one of the most critical diagnostic characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. riukiuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. riukiuensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and related species (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Enicospilus riukiuensis (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">40D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and the flat and projecting clypeus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. sakaguchii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sakaguchii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. sakaguchii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinctive (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Enicospilus sakaguchii (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473807" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The shape of the ventral margin, i.e., acute, blunt, or impressed, is also a very useful diagnostic character.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Features of mandibles are some of the most important diagnostic characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. First, the outer mandibular surface sculpture, especially presence or absence of a diagonal setose groove or line of punctures between the dorsoproximal corner and base of the apical teeth, is important. For example, the outer mandible surface of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ramidulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ramidulus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. ramidulus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a diagonal setose groove (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Enicospilus ramidulus (Linnaeus, 1758) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">39B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pungens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pungens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. pungens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is smooth (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Enicospilus pungens (Smith, 1874) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473804" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Second, the torsion of the mandible is a useful character, although it is rather difficult to measure. For instance, the strongly twisted mandible of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. acutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. acutus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. is one of the most important diagnostic characters for this species (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Enicospilus acutus Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ from Japan (PT) A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473777" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Finally, length and shape also provide good characters. For instance, the mandible of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. shikokuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shikokuensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. shikokuensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very long, slender, strongly tapered proximally, and subparallel-sided distally (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Enicospilus shikokuensis (Uchida, 1928) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473810" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. sakaguchii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sakaguchii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. sakaguchii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very short, stout, and evenly tapered (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Enicospilus sakaguchii (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473807" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">41B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Some mandibular diagnostic characters at the species level, such as degree of torsion and length of teeth are possibly adaptive characters and have been considered to be related to modes of emergence from host insects; hence, these characters are usually easily modified and not phylogenetically restricted, so it is indeed useful for species level taxonomy.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological terms for mesosoma A lateral view B dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mesosomal characters are also very informative. Surface microsculuptures of meso- and metapleuron are rather stable within species and also show large gaps between species and/or species groups. For example, the mesopleuron is coarsely longitudinally striate and metapleuron coarsely rugose in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nigristigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigristigma">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. nigristigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Enicospilus nigristigma Cushman, 1937 ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but the meso- and metapleuron are evenly moderately punctate and strongly shiny in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. unctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unctus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. unctus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 50. Enicospilus unctus Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ (HT) from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">50E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Propodeum characters are useful as well. The posterior transverse carina of the propodeum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. signativentris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="signativentris">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. signativentris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unique in the Japanese species (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Enicospilus signativentris (Tosquinet, 1903) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473812" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and globally few
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species possess this carina. In other cases, the posterior area can be entirely densely punctate to finely reticulate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. limnophilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limnophilus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. limnophilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Enicospilus limnophilus Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ (A-E HT F PT) from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473791" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but coarsely concentrically striate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. insinuator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="insinuator">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. insinuator</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Enicospilus insinuator (Smith, 1860) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473785" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), providing an easy means to separate them. In this way, the propodeum is useful for definition of the species or species group when combined with other characters. Characters of the scutellum are also sometimes good for species recognition. For example, the quadrate scutellum of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. formosensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. formosensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
contributes to its identification, with the scutellum more or less trapezoidal or triangular in most
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. Additionally, the length of the lateral longitudinal carinae of the scutellum is almost always stable within species and useful, with very rare exceptions, such as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. limnophilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limnophilus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. limnophilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., that exhibits a very wide range of variation (length of the carinae varies from 0.1-1.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
scutellum length).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Morphological terms and measurement characters for wings A fore wing (AC = anal cell, BC = basal cell, DS = discosubmarginal cell, FE = fenestra, FS = first subdiscal cell, FSM = fourth submarginal cell, MC = marginal cell, SD = second discal cell, SB = subbasal cell, SS = second subdiscal cell, TD = third discal cell) B hind wing (NI = mn / no, AC = anal cell, BC = basal cell, DC = discal cell, MC = marginal cell, SB = subbasal cell, SDC = subdiscal cell, SM = submarginal cell) C central part of fore wing (AI = cd / ab, CI = gf / fh, DI = k / fe, ICI = ab / bc, SDI = ef / gi, SI = l / j, SRI = ce / ef). Brown letters indicate veins and sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Wing characters have probably been regarded as the most important diagnostic characters in nocturnal
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophioninae">Ophioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by many previous authors (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS049" author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology (Supplementary Series)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B31" refString="Gauld, ID, 1977. A revision of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology (Supplementary Series) 49: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS049" title="A revision of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS049" volume="49" year="1977">Gauld 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332" author="Shimizu, S" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="69 - 126" refId="B144" refString="Shimizu, S, 2020. The Nepalese species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae): a preliminary revision and identification key to species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67: 69 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332" title="The Nepalese species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae): a preliminary revision and identification key to species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332" volume="67" year="2020">Shimizu 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). These are much easier to use than other characters and can easily be measured.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
First, the number, shape, and position of sclerites of the fore wing fenestra is usually very useful in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The number of sclerites varies in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species from zero to four, but is nearly always stable within a species. The shape and position of sclerites are also very diverse, and some previous research has suggested that some species exhibit a wide range of intraspecific variation (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, it is stable in many cases and, if a species shows a wide range of intraspecific variation, it is likely that cryptic species are involved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Second, the shape and setosity of the fore wing fenestra is sometimes a very useful character. For example, among Japanese species, the fenestra of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nigribasalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigribasalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. nigribasalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. stenophleps" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stenophleps">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. stenophleps</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is long and its anterodistal corner interstitial to fore wing vein RS (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Enicospilus nigribasalis (Uchida, 1928) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473796" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Enicospilus stenophleps Cushman, 1937 ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473813" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but in other Japanese species the fenestra is shorter and its anterodistal corner clearly antefurcal to RS (e.g., Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Enicospilus limnophilus Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ (A-E HT F PT) from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473791" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Enicospilus pudibundae (Uchida, 1928) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Finally, the length and shape of wing veins also offer very good diagnostic characters. For example, the shape of fore wing veins 1m-cu&M and 2r&RS, the position of fore wing vein 1cu-a, and values of indices (e.g., AI, CI, ICI) are useful to distinguish species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
. Legs do not seem to provide many useful characters, but some characters, such as the density of spines on the outer surface of the fore tibia, and pectination of the hind tarsal claw, are useful in species definition. For example,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. maruyamanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="maruyamanus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. maruyamanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pudibundae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pudibundae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. pudibundae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are very difficult to distinguish from each other, but the hind tarsal claw of the former is entirely uniformly pectinate, and the latter is not pectinate proximally.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Morphological terms and measurement characters for metasoma (DMI = e / f, PI = a / b, THI = c / d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473771" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The shape of the first metasomal segment (e.g., sinuous or straight in profile, slender or stout) is useful (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" author="Broad, GR" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B7" refString="Broad, GR, Shaw, MR, 2016. The British species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae). European Journal of Taxonomy 187: 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" title="The British species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" volume="187" year="2016">Broad and Shaw 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.550" author="Johansson, N" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 136" refId="B60" refString="Johansson, N, Cederberg, B, 2019. Review of the Swedish species of Ophion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with the description of 18 new species and an illustrated key to Swedish species. European Journal of Taxonomy 550: 1 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.550" title="Review of the Swedish species of Ophion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with the description of 18 new species and an illustrated key to Swedish species." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.550" volume="550" year="2019">Johansson and Cederberg 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body size</emphasis>
|
||||
. Measuring body length is rather difficult due to the wide range of contraction or expansion of metasomal segments after death, hence fore wing length is a more useful character. However, body size shows a very wide range of variation in many species, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pseudoconspersae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudoconspersae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. pseudoconspersae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although it is stable in a few species (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. concentralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="concentralis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. concentralis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nigronotatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigronotatus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. nigronotatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Therefore, this character is occasionally useful for species definition.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
. As mentioned above, this character can easily change intraspecifically. For instance,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nigropectus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigropectus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. nigropectus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. signativentris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="signativentris">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. signativentris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
show a considerable range of colour variation (body entirely blackish to entirely testaceous). However, this character is stable within some species (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. acutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. acutus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nigribasalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigribasalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. nigribasalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as in Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Enicospilus acutus Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ from Japan (PT) A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473777" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Enicospilus nigribasalis (Uchida, 1928) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473796" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Hence, this is also a useful critical character, but we need to be careful when relying on colour pattern.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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