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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i3.53367" ID-GBIF-Dataset="50124bbf-9113-492c-b240-bbfce4a51a60" ID-PMC="PMC7387363" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1993-078X-3-339" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2CD35BDCEE2B569795486A48059CE160" ID-PubMed="32774782" ID-ZooBank="D2A1B8A1B2EE42518F3666B295BA1B73" ModsDocID="1993-078X-3-339" checkinTime="1595285223654" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gavrilov-Zimin, Ilya A." docDate="2020" docId="C7E5B42574835FCBB95FE643E84A9C09" docLanguage="en" docName="CompCytogen 14(3): 339-352" docOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 14 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i3.53367" docTitle="Coccus viridis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2CD35BDCEE2B569795486A48059CE160" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="2CD35BDCEE2B569795486A48059CE160" masterDocTitle="Chromosomal and reproductive features of some Oriental and Australasian scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea)" masterLastPageNumber="352" masterPageNumber="339" pageNumber="339" updateTime="1668127365948" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Chromosomal and reproductive features of some Oriental and Australasian scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gavrilov-Zimin, Ilya A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">coccids@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Comparative Cytogenetics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>339</mods:start>
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<mods:end>352</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i3.53367</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i3.53367</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1993-078X-3-339</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D2A1B8A1B2EE42518F3666B295BA1B73</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2CD35BDCEE2B569795486A48059CE160</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C7E5B42574835FCBB95FE643E84A9C09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7E5B42574835FCBB95FE643E84A9C09" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C7E5B425-7483-5FCB-B95F-E643E84A9C09" authority="(Green, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccus viridis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">Coccus viridis (Green, 1889)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Embryonic cells and chromosomes of the studied species (Coccidae). a Coccus viridis (2 n = 18) b Discochiton expansum (2 n = 18) c Luzulaspis australis (2 n = 18) d Megalocryptes buteae (2 n = 18) e Megapulvinaria maxima (2 n = 20) f Saccharolecanium krugeri (2 n = 18). Scale bars: 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433338" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Figs 3a</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. General anatomy of the female reproductive system in the studied species (Coccidae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433339" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="339" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">K 939, Indonesia, Bali, mountain forest above Lake Buyan, about 1200 m altitude, on leaves of an undetermined tree, 13.XI. 2011, I.A. Gavrilov-Zimin.</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433338" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Embryonic cells and chromosomes of the studied species (
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<taxonomicName family="Coccidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">a</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccus viridis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Coccus viridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 18)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Discochiton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discochiton expansum" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Discochiton expansum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 18)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">c</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luzulaspis australis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Luzulaspis australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 18)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">d</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megalocryptes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalocryptes buteae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buteae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Megalocryptes buteae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 18)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">e</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria maxima" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Megapulvinaria maxima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 20)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">f</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saccharolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saccharolecanium krugeri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krugeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Saccharolecanium krugeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 18). Scale bars: 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="339" type="new data">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">New data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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2n = 18; there is no heterochromatinization (and thus no Lecanoid system) in all 50 studied embryos from 3 females, no sperm in spermathecae and no males in the studied population; so, the thelytocous reproduction is characteristic of this species. Complete ovoviviparity. Female reproductive system is of the usual for the soft scales type (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. General anatomy of the female reproductive system in the studied species (Coccidae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433339" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="339" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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The type species of the genus,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccus hesperidum" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758, shows 2n =14 and different variants of parthenogenesis (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398903" author="Thomsen, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Wissenschaftliche Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" refId="B26" refString="Thomsen, M, 1927. Studien ueber die partenogenese bei einigen Cocciden und Aleyrodiden. Zeitschrift fuer Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 5(1/2): 1-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398903" title="Studien ueber die partenogenese bei einigen Cocciden und Aleyrodiden. Zeitschrift fuer Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 5 (1 / 2): 1 - 116." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398903" year="1927">Thomsen 1927</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomsen, M" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Wissenschaftliche Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" refId="B27" refString="Thomsen, M, 1929. Sex-determination in Lecanium. In: Jordan K, Horn W (Eds) Fourth International Congress of Entomology, Ithaca, August 1928, 2, Ithaca, 18-24." title="Sex-determination in Lecanium. In: Jordan K, Horn W (Eds) Fourth International Congress of Entomology, Ithaca, August 1928, 2, Ithaca, 18 - 24." year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286431" author="Nur, U" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma (Berlin)" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" pagination="89 - 104" refId="B22" refString="Nur, U, 1979. Gonoid thelytoky in soft scale insects (Coccidae: Homoptera). Chromosoma (Berlin) 72: 89 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286431" title="Gonoid thelytoky in soft scale insects (Coccidae: Homoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286431" volume="72" year="1979">Nur 1979</bibRefCitation>
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), whereas two other studied species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. longulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" rank="species" species="longulus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">C. longulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Douglas, 1887) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Coccus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., were reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="Moharana, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" refId="B21" refString="Moharana, S, 1990. Cytotaxonomy of coccids (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the VI International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies. Krakow, August 6-12, 1990, 2. Krakow, 47-54." title="Cytotaxonomy of coccids (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the VI International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies. Krakow, August 6 - 12, 1990, 2. Krakow, 47 - 54." year="1990">Moharana (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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as having 2n=18, but without any comments on genetic system and reproductive peculiarities. All other (more than 110) species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coccus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Coccus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758, are still unstudied cytogenetically.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433339" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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General anatomy of the female reproductive system in the studied species (
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<taxonomicName family="Coccidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433340" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Females of some species on twigs of host plants.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">a</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Gossypariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gossypariella siamensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Gossypariella siamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria maxima" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Megapulvinaria maxima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">c</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megalocryptes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalocryptes buteae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buteae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Megalocryptes buteae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(with a colony of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Ocnerodrilidae" genus="Kerria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerria" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Kerria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. at the background)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">d</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saccharolecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saccharolecanium krugeri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krugeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Saccharolecanium krugeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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