From 3fa9a866f747b8b4524ac82b69a09065652e3f0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2024 13:11:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-09 13:06:37 --- .../87/561287C41500D7332D63F990FE33FC1B.xml | 159 +- .../87/561287C41515D7272D1FF97FFAA5FA37.xml | 262 +++ .../87/561287C41517D7302FB2FA78FD05FA1F.xml | 1937 +++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 2275 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/56/12/87/561287C41515D7272D1FF97FFAA5FA37.xml create mode 100644 data/56/12/87/561287C41517D7302FB2FA78FD05FA1F.xml diff --git a/data/56/12/87/561287C41500D7332D63F990FE33FC1B.xml b/data/56/12/87/561287C41500D7332D63F990FE33FC1B.xml index 57be1d802c3..73d3456c899 100644 --- a/data/56/12/87/561287C41500D7332D63F990FE33FC1B.xml +++ b/data/56/12/87/561287C41500D7332D63F990FE33FC1B.xml @@ -1,57 +1,57 @@ - - - -An integrative taxonomic and phylogenetic approach reveals a new genus of Australasian Cycas-pollinating weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) + + + +An integrative taxonomic and phylogenetic approach reveals a new genus of Australasian Cycas-pollinating weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hsiao, Yun -Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan & Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia & Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia -yunhsiao@outlook.com +Hsiao, Yun +Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan & Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia & Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia +yunhsiao@outlook.com - - -Author + + +Author -Oberprieler, Rolf G. -Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia -yunhsiao@outlook.com +Oberprieler, Rolf G. +Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia +yunhsiao@outlook.com -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + +2024 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. - -2024-01-04 + +2024-01-04 - -202 + +202 - -2 + +2 - -1 -22 + +1 +22 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 -0024-4082 -14244448 -83066B9-A377-4D41-813D-74BD818762F6XXXXX +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 +0024-4082 +14244448 +83066B9-A377-4D41-813D-74BD818762F6XXXXX @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ - + ( @@ -93,11 +93,16 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0A0B8FB6-6DE9-406F-88F3- 7E9940C88B15 + + Type locality -Erap, Markham Valley, +Erap +, +Markham Valley +, Morobe , Papua New Guinea @@ -107,25 +112,17 @@ Erap, Markham Valley, Type material - + Holotype , ♂ -: ‘ -NEW -GUINEA -/ -Markham Valley -/ Erap. / +: ‘NEW GUINEA / Markham Valley / Erap. / 17.VIII.1956 W. / J.H. Ardley -// -From -♂ -cone / of +// From ♂ cone / of Cycas @@ -135,51 +132,35 @@ cone / of papuana -// -COM -. -INST -. ENT. / -COLL -. NO. 14956 // - - -HOLOTYPE -/ +// COM. INST. ENT. / COLL. NO. +14956 +// HOLOTYPE / Zimmiodes papuanus / -Hsiao -& -Oberprieler +Hsiao & Oberprieler , 2024’ ( -ANIC +ANIC ) . - + Paratypes -(all labelled ‘ -PARATYPE -/ +(all labelled ‘PARATYPE / Zimmiodes papuanus / -Hsiao -& -Oberprieler +Hsiao & Oberprieler , 2024’): 2 ♂♂ , 6 ♀♀ -, same as -holotype -( -ANIC +, same as holotype ( +ANIC ) . @@ -188,12 +169,12 @@ cone / of Other material - + Madang District , Faita airstrip, -Ramu Valley +Ramu Valley , 27 July 1955 @@ -207,12 +188,16 @@ sp. Hoogland leg. ( 1 ♂ -, 3 exx., -ANIC +, +3 exx +., +ANIC ) . + + Diagnosis @@ -223,6 +208,8 @@ The species is readily distinguishable from as specified in the diagnosis of the latter above. + + Description @@ -275,6 +262,8 @@ Sternite VIII of male subtrapezoidal, plates sclerotized, slanting, apical margi Fig. 13D ). + + Derivation of name @@ -287,6 +276,8 @@ refers to the Papuan region of New Guinea , the only known area of occurrence of this species. + + Distribution @@ -297,6 +288,8 @@ This species is known only from the eastern regions of Fig. 14 ). + + Natural history diff --git a/data/56/12/87/561287C41515D7272D1FF97FFAA5FA37.xml b/data/56/12/87/561287C41515D7272D1FF97FFAA5FA37.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4f86483252a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/12/87/561287C41515D7272D1FF97FFAA5FA37.xml @@ -0,0 +1,262 @@ + + + +An integrative taxonomic and phylogenetic approach reveals a new genus of Australasian Cycas-pollinating weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) + + + +Author + +Hsiao, Yun +Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan & Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia & Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia +yunhsiao@outlook.com + + + +Author + +Oberprieler, Rolf G. +Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia +yunhsiao@outlook.com + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2024 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2024-01-04 + + +202 + + +2 + + +1 +22 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 +0024-4082 +14244448 +83066B9-A377-4D41-813D-74BD818762F6XXXXX + + + + + + + +Zimmiodes + +gen. nov. + + + + + + + +( +Figs 1 +, +3–13 +) + + + +LSID: + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +8E098942-8DEE-43A6-B547- C7BF03901B46 + + + + + + +Type +species: +Zimmiodes australis + +sp. nov. +, by present designation. + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +Zimmiodes + +can be distinguished from other genera of +Pentarthrini +by the combination of the following characters: body elongate oval, entirely reddish to blackish brown and glabrous; rostrum moderately long, as long as pronotum ( +Fig. 3A, B +); eyes large and strongly prominent ( +Fig. 3A, B +); funicles with segment 2 slightly longer than or as long as segment 1 ( +Fig. 3C +); pronotum roundly trapezoidal ( +Fig. 3D, E +); elytral interstriae costate on declivity, with costae 4 and 5 not joined apically, 9 apically callose; suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 laterally barely visible ( +Fig. 3G, H +); temones confluent anteriorly and joined ventrally to body of penis ( +Fig. 12 +). + + + +Zimmiodes + +differs from the similar genera + +Cossonideus + +( +Zimmerman, 1992 +: plate 386) and + +Pacindonus + +(Supporting Information, Appendix S3) in having the apical margin of tergite VIII only sparsely fringed with short setae ( +Fig. 5C +) (not with long and dense cilia), from + +Cossonideus + +( + +Cossonideus pascoei +Wollaston + +) further in possessing sclerolepidia and from + +Pacindonus + +further in having slanting plates of sternite VIII in the male and, in the female, a longer, slender spermatheca, with the insertions of duct and gland close together ( +Figs 11 +, +13 +). + +Zimmiodes + +is also externally similar to the + +Tychiodes + +group ( + +Tang +et al. +2020 + +: fig. 2; + +Hsiao +et al. +2023 + +: fig. 2; Supporting Information, Appendix S4) but readily distinguishable from it by its male genitalia, with the temones being anteriorly confluent ( +Fig. 12 +) (separate in the + +Tychiodes + +group). + + + + +Figure 3. +Diagnostic external characters of + +Zimmiodes + +. A, head, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, right antenna. D, pronotum, dorsal view. E, pronotum, ventral view. F, meso- and metaventrite. G, abdomen, male. H, abdomen, female. Scale bars: 0.50 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.20 mm in C. + + + + +Description + + +Adult: +Body small, slender and elongate, length ~3.0 mm in both sexes, width ~0.4× length. Body and legs brown, lustrous, glabrous. Rostrum moderately long ( +Fig. 3A, B +). Eyes subcircular, convex and strongly protruding laterally ( +Fig. 3A, B +), dorsally widely separated, with forehead as wide as basal width of rostrum; ventrally widely separated, as wide as distance between procoxae. Antennae inserted behind middle of rostrum; funicles five-segmented, segments stout and short ( +Fig. 3C +); clubs stout and short, distinctly shorter than funicles. Pronotum roundly trapezoidal, nearly as wide as elytra at humeri, sides moderately narrowing anteriorly ( +Fig. 3D, E +); surface densely and distinctly punctate, with elongate longitudinal apunctate ridge medially. Prothorax without ocular lobes; procoxal cavities widely separated; prosternellum absent; intermesocoxal process absent; metanepisterna with sclerolepidia; metaventrite flattened, without median pit, discrimen present ( +Fig. 3F +). Elytra slender and elongate, jointly ~0.5× as broad as long, sides subparallel, weakly narrowing apicad; disc weakly convex, elytral derm deeply and coarsely punctostriate, without well-developed tubercles; interstriae faintly convex on disc but prominently bluntly costate on declivity, with costae 1–4 extending to elytral apex (4 kinked and sometimes interrupted where it approaches 5), 5 short, not joined to 4, 6 shorter than 5, 7 longer but not reaching apex, 8 about as short as 6, 9 stronger and reaching apex, there callose but not flared, 10 about as short as 8. Abdomen flattened and elongate, suture between ventrites 1 and 2 weakly developed laterally ( +Fig. 3G, H +). Femora without ventral tooth; tibiae with well-developed premucro and uncus; meso- and metatibiae without distal setal comb ( +Fig. 4 +). Terminalia: tergite VII of male roundly trapezoidal ( +Fig. 5A +), of female semicircular ( +Fig. 5B +), in both sexes with apical margin densely covered with short setae; tergite VIII of male subquadrate, with apical margin rounded to medially protruding, sparsely covered with short setae ( +Fig. 5C +), of female semicircular, with apical margin sparsely covered with short setae ( +Fig. 5D +); rectal valve in the form of an elongate loop ( +Fig. 5E +); penis thick, temones anteriorly confluent and joined to body of penis ventrally ( +Fig. 12 +); ovipositor ( +Fig. 13 +) short, gonocoxites elongate, narrow, styli apical, subcylindrical, with apical tufts of sparse setae, bursa copulatrix with a pair of long, narrow ventral sclerites, spermatheca evenly narrow, insertions of duct and gland close together, duct inserted ventroterminally in bursa, gland elongate, almost as long as spermatheca. + + + +Figure 4. +Diagnostic external characters of + +Zimmiodes + +. A, foreleg, male. B, foreleg, female. C, midleg, male. D, midleg, female. E, hindleg, male. F, hindleg, female. Scale bars: 0.20 mm. + + + +Larva: +Head pale orange ( +Fig. 6 +). Body of nearly equal width throughout, with very short brown setae. + + +Pupa: +Setae yellowish brown, very short, tapering, mounted on small tubercles ( +Fig. 7A, B +); pterothecae striate, with interstriae convex; pseudocerci short, with subcylindrical apex, darkening apicad, without associated setae ( +Fig. 7C +). + + + + +Derivation of name + +The genus name is dedicated to the late Dr Elwood Curtin Zimmerman (1912–2004), former weevil taxonomist at the ANIC, who is renowned for his invaluable works on Australian weevils; the gender of the name is masculine. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/12/87/561287C41517D7302FB2FA78FD05FA1F.xml b/data/56/12/87/561287C41517D7302FB2FA78FD05FA1F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b50adf509ba --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/12/87/561287C41517D7302FB2FA78FD05FA1F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1937 @@ + + + +An integrative taxonomic and phylogenetic approach reveals a new genus of Australasian Cycas-pollinating weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) + + + +Author + +Hsiao, Yun +Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan & Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia & Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia +yunhsiao@outlook.com + + + +Author + +Oberprieler, Rolf G. +Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia +yunhsiao@outlook.com + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2024 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2024-01-04 + + +202 + + +2 + + +1 +22 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad190 +0024-4082 +14244448 +83066B9-A377-4D41-813D-74BD818762F6XXXXX + + + + + + + +Zimmiodes australis + +sp.nov. + + + + + + + +( +Figs 8A, B +, +9A, B +, +10A, C +, +11A, C, E +, +12A–C +, +13A, B +, +14 +) + + + +LSID: + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +0BCB4DF9-22DF-4C1D-8926- 029FB03D52BA + + + + + +Type locality + + +Mulgrave River +Forestry Road +, +Wooroonooran +, +Queensland +, +Australia +. + + +Type material + + + +Holotype +, +♂ +: + +2. XI. 2019 + +/ AU: QLD: +17°12'37.0"S +/ +145°44'58.9"E +/ Mulgrave River Rd., / Wooroonooran / +Y. Hsiao +, +Z. Liu +& +H. Escalona +/ leg + +. // Ex +♂ +cone of + +Cycas media + +/ +banksii +// +HOLOTYPE +/ + +Zimmiodes australis + +/ +Hsiao +& +Oberprieler +, 2024 ( +ANIC +). + + + +Figure 5. +Terminalia of + +Zimmiodes + +. A, tergite VII, male. B, tergite VII, female. C, tergite VIII, male. D, tergite VIII, female. E, female terminalia. Scale bars: 0.20 mm. + + + + +Figure 6. +Habitus of final-instar larva of + +Zimmiodes australis + +, lateral view. Scale bar: 1.00 mm. + + + + +Paratypes +(all labelled ‘PARATYPE / + +Zimmiodes australis + +/ +Hsiao & Oberprieler +, 2024’): +15 ♂♂ +, +14 ♀♀ +, same as holotype ( +ANIC +) + +. + + +Other material + + + +Northern Territory +: + +30 miles + +south of +Berry Spring +, + +13 August 1964 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +P.B. Carne +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +, +9 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +30 miles +south + +of +Darwin +, + +September 1969 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +R.H. Wharton +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +, +16 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Channel Point +via +Stapleton Station +, + +25 November 1982 + +, + +Cycas canalis + +, +C. Wilson +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +7 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Rum Jungle +, +Darwin region +, + +29 June 1987 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, A +.N. Andersen +leg. ( +2 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Arnhem Highway +, + +3.1 km +east + +junction with +Wanderrie Road +, + +15 July 1990 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +R. Ornduff +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +2 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Road to +Mandorah +, +west +of +Stuart Highway +, +southwest +of +Darwin +, + +17 July 1990 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +R. Ornduff +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +1 ex. +, +ANIC +) + +; + +Acacia Hills +, along +Stuart Highway +, +south +of +Darwin +, + +18 July 1990 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +R. Ornduff +leg. ( +1 ♀ +, +1 ex. +, +ANIC +) + +; + +Humpty Doo +, + +20. August 1995 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +J. Risler +leg. ( +2 ♂♂ +, +9 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +12°27 +ʹ +14.0″S + +, + +130°55 +ʹ +26.0″E + +, +Wishart +, +Darwin +, + +8 April 2006 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +M.F. Braby +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +, +23 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +12°24 +ʹ +S + +, + +130°55 +ʹ +E + +, +Berrimah +, + +12 September 2006 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +M.F. Braby +leg. ( +60 exx +., +22 larvae +, +15 pupae +, +ANIC +) + +; + +Darwin +, + +15 August 2006 + +, + +Cycas armstrongii + +, +M.F. Braby +leg. ( +222 exx +., +ANIC +, ANIC database no. +25 077620–25 077621 +) + +; + + +12°23 +ʹ +16.0″S + +, + +136°37 +ʹ +08.0″E + +, +Repeater Station +, +Gove Peninsula +, + +21 August 2007 + +, + +Cycas orientis + +, +R.G. Oberprieler +leg. ( +24 exx +., +ANIC +, ANIC database no. +25 077624–25 077625 +) + +; + +Goyder River Crossing +, +Arnhem Land +, + +27 August 2007 + +, + +Cycas arnhemica + +, +R.G. Oberprieler +leg. ( +74 exx +., +ANIC +, ANIC database no. +25 077622–25 077623 +) + +; + +12°28'48.0"S +130°43'48.0"E +, + +7 km +south + +Wagait +, +Cox Peninsula +, + +1 July 2021 + +, + +Cycas maconochiei + +, +R.G. Oberprieler +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +5 larvae +, +5 pupae +, +413 exx +., +ANIC +) + +. + +Queensland +: same as type series ( +537 exx +., +ANIC +, ANIC database no. +25 077599 +, +25 077615 +) + +; + +Bamaga +, + +Cycas semota + +, +B. +& +Y. Dalzielleg. +(nodate) ( +1637 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +RockyRiver +, +EastCoast +, +Silver Plains +, +Cape York Peninsula +, + +18 November 1958 + +, + +Cycas media ensata + +, +J.L. Wassell +leg. ( +2 ♂♂ +, +l larva +, +15 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +15 miles +west + +of +Gordonvale +, + +13 December 1966 + +, +B. Cantrell +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +21 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Bamaga +, +Cape York +, + +15–18 June 1969 + +, + +Cycas semota + +, +G.B. Monteith +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +6 exx +., +ANIC +, +ANIC +database no. +25 077618–25 077619 +) + +; + +15°24'36.0"S +145°07'12.0"E +, +Annan R. + +3 km +west by south + +of +Black Mountain +, + +27 November 1980 + +, + +Cycas media ensata + +, +T. Weir +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +, +11 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +17°07'48.0"S +145°27'00.0"E +, +Mulgrave R. Valley +, + +13 km +south by west + +of +Gordonvale +, + +15 November 1981 + +, +J. Balderson +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +2 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +17°09'36.0"S +145°15'36.0"E +, + +2 km +west northwest + +of +Mt. Baldy +, + +860 m + +, + +29 March 1984 + +, + +Cycas +sp. + +, +A. Calder +& +T. Weir +leg. ( +2 ♂♂ +, +95 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +17°12'36.0"S +144°32'24.0"E +, + +23 km +east + +Almaden +, + +500 m + +, + +31 March 1984 + +, + +Cycas platyphylla + +, +A. Calder +& +T. Weir +leg. ( +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +, +33 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Atherton Rifle Range +, + +17 December 1986 + +, +H. +& +A. Howden +leg. ( +1 ♀ +, +ANIC +) + +; + + +6 km +north + +Ellis Beach +near +Cairns +, + +7 November 1988 + +, + +Cycas media banksii + +, +R. Ornduff +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +, +92 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Gillies Range Highway +, + +14 February 1988 + +, + +Cycas media banksii + +, +R.G. Oberprieler +leg. ( +14 pupae +, +236 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +17°12'36.0"S +144°31'48.0"E +, + +3.3 km +past + +Petford on Almaden +road, + +1 June 1991 + +, + +Cycas platyphylla + +, +P.I. Forster +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +, +36 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Keppel Sands +, + +23 October 1991 + +, + +Cycas ophiolitica + +, +G.W. Wilson +leg. ( +2 ♂♂ +, +16 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +23°20 +ʹ +S + +, + +150°43 +ʹ +E + +, + +6.5 km + +along +Keppel Sands Road +off +Emu Park Road +, +Ross Range +, + +4 November 1992 + +, + +Cycas ophiolitica + +, +P.I. Forster +& +P.J. Machin +leg. ( +229 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +23°01 +ʹ +S + +, + +150°16 +ʹ +E + +, + +1 km +west + +of +Glen Geddes +, + +4 November 1992 + +, + +Cycas ophiolitica + +, +P.I. Forster +& +P.J. Machin +leg. ( +16 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +24°26 +ʹ +S + +, + +151°26 +ʹ +E + +, +Blackman’s Gap Road +, + +18 km + +from +Bruce Highway +near +Miriam Vale +, + +4 November 1992 + +, + +Cycas megacarpa + +, +P.I. Forster +& +P.J. Machin +leg. ( +5 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +24°31 +ʹ +S + +, + +151°25 +ʹ +E + +, +Bulburin Road +, + +5 km + +off +Builyan +to +Bundaberg Road +, + +5 November 1992 + +, + +Cycas megacarpa + +, +P.I. Forster +& +P.J. Machin +leg. ( +14 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Keppel Sands +, + +1 October 1994 + +, + +Cycas ophiolitica + +, +G.W. Wilson +leg. ( +4 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + +Tungamul +, + +8 January 1995 + +, + +Cycas ophiolitica + +, +G.W. Wilson +leg. ( +3 ♂♂ +, +3 ♀♀ +, +8 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +17°02 +ʹ +S + +, + +145°21 +ʹ +E + +, +Granite Gorge +, + +450 m + +, + +26 November 1997 + +, + +Cycas +sp. + +, +Monteith +, +Cook +& +Burwell +leg. ( +7 exx +., +QMBA +) + +; + + +24°04 +ʹ +30″S + +, + +150°39 +ʹ +11″E + +, +State Forest + + +618, +38 km + +north northeast + +of +Biloela +, + +22 November 2003 + +, + +Cycas megacarpa + +, +P.I. Forster +leg. ( +14 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +24°08 +ʹ +24.74″S + +, + +150°44 +ʹ +19.52″E + +, + +10 December 2018 + +, probably + +Cycas ophiolitica + +(no collector) ( +8 exx +., +ANIC +, ANIC database no. +25 077616–25 077617 +) + +; + +Near Palm Cove +, +Captain Cook Highway +, + +29 October 2019 + +, + +Cycas media banksii + +, +Y. Hsiao +leg. ( +8 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +16°42 +ʹ +07.7″S + +, + +145°37 +ʹ +18.9″E + +, +Captain Cook Highway +, + +2 November 2019 + +, + +Cycas media banksii + +, +Y. Hsiao +& +L. Li +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +3 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +17°09 +ʹ +08.3″S + +, + +145°42 +ʹ +18.0″E + +, +Little Mulgrave Forest Reserve +, +Lamb Range +, ~ + +220 m + +, + +2 November 2019 + +, + +Cycas media banksii + +, +Y. Hsiao +& +H. Escalona +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +27 exx +., +ANIC +) + +; + + +16°37 +ʹ +46.0″S + +, + +145°32 +ʹ +56.5″E + +, +Oak Beach +, +Captain Cook Highway +, + +2 November 2019 + +, + +Cycas media banksii + +, +Y. Hsiao +& +L. Li +leg. ( +1 ♂ +, +39 exx +., +ANIC +) + +. + + + + +Figure 7. +Pupa of + +Zimmiodes australis + +. A, habitus, ventral view. B, habitus, dorsal view. C, pseudocerci. Scale bars: 1.00 mm in A, B; 0.20 mm in C. + + + + +Figure 8. +Habitus of + +Zimmiodes + +, dorsal view. A, + +Zimmiodes australis + +, male, holotype. B, + +Z. australis + +, female, paratype. C, + +Zimmiodes papuanus + +, male, holotype. D, + +Z. papuanus + +, female, paratype. Scale bars: 1.00 mm. + + + + +Figure 9. +Habitus of + +Zimmiodes + +, lateral view. A, + +Zimmiodes australis + +, male, holotype. B, + +Z. australis + +, female, paratype. C, + +Zimmiodes papuanus + +, male, holotype. D, + +Z. papuanus + +, female, paratype. Scale bars: 1.00 mm. + + + + +Figure 10. +Diagnostic differences of antennae and forelegs of + +Zimmiodes australis + +and + +Zimmiodes papuanus + +. A, + +Z. australis + +, right antenna. B, + +Z. papuanus + +, right antenna. C, + +Z. australis + +, foreleg of male. D, + +Z. papuanus + +, foreleg of male. Scale bars: 0.20 mm. + + + + +Figure 11. +Terminalia of + +Zimmiodes + +. A, + +Zimmiodes australis + +, sternite VIII, male.B, + +Zimmiodes papuanus + +, sternite VIII, male.C, + +Z. australis + +, sternite VIII, female.D, + +Z. papuanus + +, sternite VIII, female.E, + +Z. australis + +, spiculum gastrale. F, + +Z. papuanus + +, spiculum gastrale.Scale bars:0.20 mm. + + + + +Figure 12. +Male genitalia (aedeagus) of + +Zimmiodes + +. A, + +Zimmiodes australis + +, dorsal view. B, + +Z. australis + +, ventral view. C, + +Z. australis + +, lateral view. D, + +Zimmiodes papuanus + +, dorsal view. E, + +Z. papuanus + +, ventral view. F, + +Z. papuanus + +, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.20 mm. + + + + +Diagnosis + + +Adults of this species are distinguishable from + +Z. papuanus + +by the following characters (states of + +Z. papuanus + +in parentheses): rostrum nearly straight, slightly ventrally curved, slightly thickened at antennal insertions ( +Figs 8A, B +, +9A, B +) (distinctly ventrally curved, distinctly thickened at antennal insertions; +Figs 8C, D +, +9C, D +); eyes strongly convex and protruding ( +Figs 8A, B +, +9A, B +) (slightly flatter; +Figs 8C, D +, +9C, D +); scapes thinner and internal margin of funicle segments 1 straight ( +Fig. 10A +) (scapes thicker and internal margin of funicle segments 1 distinctly emarginate basally; +Fig. 10B +); pronotal punctures coarser ( +Fig. 8A, B +) (finer; +Fig. 8C, D +); elytral interstriae distinctly convex ( +Figs 8A, B +, +9A, B +) (flatter; +Figs 8C, D +, +9C, D +); profemora moderately narrowing apicad ( +Fig. 10C +) (distinctly obtusely protruding inwards in male; +Fig. 10D +); sternite VIII of male with smaller sclerotized lateral plates and larger membranous apical plate, of female with lateral margins angled apically ( +Fig. 11A, C +) (of male with larger lateral plates and smaller apical plate, of female with lateral margins slightly rounded apically; +Fig. 11B, D +); tegmen with manubrium longer ( +Fig. 12A–C +) (very short; +Fig. 12D–F +); penis short and thick, with temones ~2.0× as long as body of penis ( +Fig. 12A–C +) (elongate and slender, with temones ~1.2× as long as body of penis; +Fig. 12D–F +); endophallus short, medially with a sleeve of weakly developed denticles, basally with a pair of sclerites ( +Fig. 12A–C +) (long, extending below body of penis, medially with a sleeve of strongly developed denticles, apically with a pair of sclerites; +Fig. 12D–F +). + + + + +Description + + +Shape and size: +Body slender and elongate ( +Fig. 8A, B +), length +2.3–3.2 mm +in both sexes, width ~0.35–0.37× length, weakly convex in lateral view ( +Fig. 9A, B +). + + +Colour and vestiture: +Body and legs reddish to blackish brown, semilustrous, glabrous. + + + +Figure 13. +Female genitalia of + +Zimmiodes + +. A, + +Zimmiodes australis + +, ovipositor. B, + +Z. australis + +, spermatheca with gland. C, + +Zimmiodes papuanus + +, ovipositor. D, + +Z. papuanus + +, spermatheca with gland. Scale bars: 0.20 mm. + + + + +Figure 14. +Geographical distribution of + +Zimmiodes + +in Australia and Papua New Guinea. + + + +Head: +Rostrum: moderately long, as long as pronotum, robust, slightly thinner in female, nearly straight, slightly ventrally curved, dorsoventrally flattened, slightly broadened apically in dorsal view, coarsely punctate dorsally, punctures finer in distal half. Eyes: subcircular in outline, strongly convex and protruding ( +Fig. 3A, B +). Antennae: inserted close to base of rostrum in male and female ( +Figs 8A, B +, +9A, B +); scapes reaching eye; funicles with segment 1 ~0.9×, 1.6×, 1.6×, and 1.5× as long as segments 2–5, respectively; clubs stout, ~1.7–1.8× as long as wide, densely and finely pubescent ( +Figs 3C +, +10A +). + + +Thorax: +Pronotum: roundly trapezoidal, apex ~0.6× as wide as base ( +Fig. 3D +); anterior and posterior margins subtruncate, lateral margins mostly rounded, distinctly narrowed anteriorly; disc weakly and evenly convex; surface densely and distinctly punctate. Scutellar shield: roundly pentagonal. Elytra: ~2.1– 2.2× as long as pronotum, jointly ~0.5× as broad as long, slightly broader base of pronotum; humeri broadly rounded, slightly protruding; surface slightly evenly convex, deeply and coarsely punctate in rows, forming distinct striae. Legs: femora ventrally without subapical tooth ( +Figs 4 +, +10C +); tibiae with premucro smaller than uncus; tarsi with claws free, divergent. + + + +Terminalia +: + +Sternite VIII of male subtrapezoidal, plates sclerotized, slanting, apical margin rounded, sparsely covered with short setae subapically, basal margin strongly sclerotized ( +Fig. 11A +), of female abruptly angled laterally, with apical margin densely covered with short setae ( +Fig. 11C +); spiculum gastrale strongly curved apically, base lightly sclerotized ( +Fig. 11E +); tegmen with complete ring, without parameroid lobes, manubrium short; penis thick (~1.6– 1.8× as long as wide), subparallel-sided, slightly widening apicad, moderately narrowed apically, dorsum strongly sclerotized, without median groove, apical margin dorsally roundly emarginate, ventrally broadly rounded, apical opening with a pair of lanceolate orificial sclerites, temones slender, ~2.0× as long as body of penis, anteriorly confluent, joined ventrally to body of penis ( +Fig. 12A–C +); endophallus short, membranous, medially with a sleeve of dense, weakly developed denticles, basally with a pair of slender sclerites, bent outwards; ovipositor with gonocoxites slender, elongate, apically bluntly rounded, styli short, subcylindrical, bluntly rounded and setose apically ( +Fig. 13A +); spermatheca evenly narrow, right-angled, gland elongate, narrowing apicad, rounded apically ( +Fig. 13B +). + + + + +Derivation of name + + +The specific epithet + +australis + +means ‘southern’, referring to the only known distribution of the species in +Australia +. + + + + +Distribution + + +This species is known from the coastal regions of the +Northern Territory +to central +Queensland +( +Fig. 14 +). Owing to the distributional range of + +Cycas + +in +Australia +, it is probably also distributed in northern +Western Australia +, and it might also occur in southern +Papua New Guinea +, where three species of the + +Cycad +media + +group occur ( +Hill 1994 +). + + + + +Natural history + + +The species apparently has a considerably wide range of hosts, including + +Cycas armstrongii + +, + +Cycas arnhemica + +, + +Cycas canalis + +, + +Cycas maconochiei + +, + +Cycas media banksii + +, + +Cycas media ensata + +, + +Cycas megacarpa + +, + +Cycas ophiolitica + +, + +Cycas orientis + +, + +Cycas platyphylla + +and + +Cycas semota + +. The role of + +Z. australis + +in the pollination of + +Cycas + +has been studied by +Hall and Walter (2018) +, who mentioned it as an undescribed weevil ( +Curculionidae +). Based on our field observations on + +Cycas media banksii + +in northern +Queensland +( +Fig. 1A +) and on + +Cycas armstrongii + +, + +Cycas arnhemica + +and + +Cycas maconochiei + +in the +Northern Territory +, large numbers of adults congregate among the sporophylls of microstrobili (male cones) during the coning period, with> +500 adults +collected from a single cone ( +Fig. 1B, C +), and smaller numbers of weevils also gather in young (closed) megastrobili, predominantly among the inner sporophylls. The larvae develop only in the male cones, tunnelling and feeding in the sporophylls and the central rachis ( +Fig. 1F +), where they also pupate ( +Fig. 1G +), not leaving the cones to pupate in surrounding substrates as do some species of + +Tranes +Schoenherr ( + +Hall +et al. +2004 + +) + +and + +Miltotranes +Zimmerman ( +Hsiao and Oberprieler 2020a +) + +. The adults eclose from their pupal chambers on the lower surface of the outer (thicker) part of the sporophylls and inside the disintegrating rachis. As reported in previous studies ( +Ornduff 1991 +, + +Forster +et al. +1994 + +), + +Z. australis + +commonly co-exists with certain other beetles in the male cones, mainly + +Aethina +( +Circopes +) +unguiculata +Kirejtshuk, 1987 + +( +Nitidulidae +), + +Hapalips +sp. + +( +Erotylidae +) and + +Ulomoides australis +(Carter, 1932) + +( +Tenebrionidae +), but the numbers of these beetles are considerably smaller than those of + +Z. australis + +. Adults of + +Z. australis + +also visit young (closed) female strobili of + +Cycas + +( +Oberprieler 2004 +, +Hall and Walter 2018 +) and play a major role in the pollination of their hosts ( +Hall and Walter 2018 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file