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<document id="F85CD1C909AC19680276196A260E9B8E" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1723061803200" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rana, Rajendra S. &amp; Wilson, Gregory P." docDate="2003" docId="03AD87BEA163FFADA25B0CB0FC52A487" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.3.331-348.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Deccanolestes robustus Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="337" masterDocId="FF94FFC6A165FFABA23D085CFF8AA275" masterDocTitle="New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="331" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1723729457737" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0E228DD24185901DC1F6638D4ACE9B83">New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="802EFBF3628F3B46C8207964855BDD27">Rana, Rajendra S.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A163FFADA25B0CB0FE71A758" blockId="6.[102,733,1260,1358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">
<heading id="D0F381C4A163FFADA25B0CB0FE71A758" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA163FFADA25B0CB0FE71A758" authority="Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria, 1994" authorityName="Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria" authorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Deccanolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA25B0CB0FE95A77C" box="[102,287,1260,1289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Deccanolestes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA3720CB0FE37A77C" box="[335,445,1260,1289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">robustus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF954B59A163FFADA3FB0CB0FE71A758" author="Prasad, G. V. R. &amp; Jaeger, J. J. &amp; Sahni, A. &amp; Gheerbrant, E. &amp; Khajuria, C. K." pageId="6" pageNumber="337" pagination="260 - 277" refId="ref16988" refString="Prasad, G. V. R., Jaeger, J. J., Sahni, A., Gheerbrant, E., and Khajuria, C. K. 1994. Eutherian mammals from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Intertrappean Beds of Naskal, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: 260 - 277." type="journal article" year="1994">Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<tableCitation id="C6860313A163FFADA25B0D64FF3AA73B" box="[102,176,1336,1358]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[102,157,1298,1320]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) and ratios of Rangapur and Naskal lower molars. Abbreviations as follows:L, length; TRW, trigonid width; TAW, talonid width; PHL, posthypocristid length; PEL, postentocristid length; PDH, protoconid height; MDH, metaconid height; AML, premetaconid length; TAH, talonid height; TAL, talonid length. Naskal data from Prasad et al. (1994)." pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Table 2</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA163FFADA2870D64FF7EA73B" box="[186,244,1336,1358]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]" captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6523A163FFADA25B0D3DFC52A487" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A163FFADA25B0D3DFDB5A70C" blockId="6.[102,575,1377,1401]" box="[102,575,1377,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA25B0D3DFF42A70C" box="[102,200,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Material</emphasis>
.—ITV/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA3230D3DFEBAA70C" box="[286,304,1377,1401]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">R</collectionCode>
/Mm−6, right m1 or m2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A163FFADA25B0DD5FD3CA7B4" blockId="6.[102,774,1417,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA25B0DD5FF61A7D4" box="[102,235,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Distribution</emphasis>
.—Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Intertrappean beds of Naskal and Rangapur,
<collectingRegion id="49C0F84AA163FFADA3850DF5FDE6A7B4" box="[440,620,1449,1473]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3137638A163FFADA04B0DF5FD38A7B4" box="[630,690,1449,1473]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A163FFADA25B0D8EFB3BA13C" blockId="6.[102,775,1490,2026]" lastBlockId="6.[812,1485,721,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA25B0D8EFF6DA79C" box="[102,231,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Description</emphasis>
.—ITV/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA3060D8EFEC7A79F" box="[315,333,1490,1514]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">R</collectionCode>
/Mm−6 is identified as a right lower molar, either m1 or m2. The roots are missing and a small portion of the lingual base of the crown is eroded. The crown is much larger than the other Rangapur specimens (
<tableCitation id="C6860313A163FFADA05E0E6EFD4BA43F" box="[611,705,1586,1610]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[102,157,1298,1320]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) and ratios of Rangapur and Naskal lower molars. Abbreviations as follows:L, length; TRW, trigonid width; TAW, talonid width; PHL, posthypocristid length; PEL, postentocristid length; PDH, protoconid height; MDH, metaconid height; AML, premetaconid length; TAH, talonid height; TAL, talonid length. Naskal data from Prasad et al. (1994)." pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The trigonid is just wider than and over one−and−a−half times taller than the talonid. Cusps on the trigonid are well spaced and somewhat inflated. The protoconid is the tallest cusp, but only slightly taller than the metaconid. The paraconid is small, labial, and slightly anteriorly projecting but not crest−like. The metaconid is more distally positioned than the protoconid, and its apex is somewhat lingually deflected. The protoconid is connected to the metaconid by a high protocristid, and to the paraconid by a very low paracristid. A broad notch separates the metaconid and paraconid. The anterolabial face of trigonid is slightly worn but preserves a faint anterior labial cingulid. It runs subvertically from the base of the crown below the protoconid, anterolingually toward the paraconid. It terminates below the notch formed by the paracristid. An anterior lingual cuspule is absent but the inflated base of the paraconid may have served the same function. In labial view, the trigonid appears tipped anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA163FFADA6710B6DFB2EA13C" box="[1100,1188,817,841]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]" captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A163FFADA16F0B0EFBF2A7FC" blockId="6.[812,1485,721,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">
In occlusal view, the posterior face of the trigonid contacts the talonid at an oblique angle (
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA163FFADA6FF0B2DFAB3A1FC" box="[1218,1337,881,905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]" captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
). The talonid basin is wide but not very deep. It slopes downward in an anterolingual direction and is only weakly closed by a low entocristid on the lingual side. The talonid notch is deep. On the labial side, the cristid obliqua is higher than the entocristid and contacts the base of the trigonid just lingual to the protocristid notch below the base of the metaconid. A faint trace of a distal metacristid is present. The acute angle between the cristid obliqua and the posterior face of the trigonid forms a well−excavated hypoflexid. The hypoconid is more anterior than the entoconid and is labially shifted. The hypoconulid is closer to the entoconid than it is to the hypoconid. The hypoconid is the tallest of the talonid cusps, followed by the hypoconulid, and then the entoconid. In posterior view, the talonid is canted lingually with respect to the trigonid, and the labial margins of the talonid and protoconid are convex. A postcingulid is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A163FFADA1110DC7FC52A487" blockId="6.[812,1486,1434,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA1110DC7FC2DA7C7" box="[812,935,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">Discussion</emphasis>
.—In most respects, ITV/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA6FE0DC6FB5FA7C7" box="[1219,1237,1434,1458]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">R</collectionCode>
/Mm−6 is very similar to the only known lower molar of
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA163FFADA6F00DE7FADEA7A7" authorityName="Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria" authorityYear="1994" box="[1229,1364,1466,1490]" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Deccanolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA6F00DE7FADEA7A7" box="[1229,1364,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">D. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA75A0DE6FA17A7A7" box="[1383,1437,1466,1490]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xxmh-b3dj" name="Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" type="Museum">VPL</collectionCode>
/JU/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA1110D86FCF0A787" box="[812,890,1498,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">NKIM</collectionCode>
/14, m1). It differs from the latter in both size and in the arrangement of the talonid cusps. ITV/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA7370DA6FA96A467" box="[1290,1308,1530,1554]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">R</collectionCode>
/Mm−6 is about 24% larger than
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA1D30E46FBAEA447" box="[1006,1060,1562,1586]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xxmh-b3dj" name="Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" type="Museum">VPL</collectionCode>
/JU/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA6690E46FB15A447" box="[1108,1183,1562,1586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">NKIM</collectionCode>
/14 and has a hypoconulid that is closer to the entoconid than it is to the hypoconid (
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA1090E06FCE0A407" box="[820,874,1626,1650]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xxmh-b3dj" name="Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" type="Museum">VPL</collectionCode>
/JU/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA163FFADA1A70E06FC6CA407" box="[922,998,1626,1650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">NKIM</collectionCode>
/14 has the reverse arrangement). These differences may be due to preservational, intraspecific, or interspecific variation. Because sample sizes are still very small, we tentatively refer this specimen to
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA163FFADA6F70EE7FAC7A4A7" authorityName="Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria" authorityYear="1994" box="[1226,1357,1722,1746]" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Deccanolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA163FFADA6F70EE7FAC7A4A7" box="[1226,1357,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="337">D. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than to a new taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6523A16DFFA3A25B0B97FF73A67C" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0B97FDB5A192" blockId="8.[102,575,971,1033]" box="[102,575,971,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<heading id="D0F381C4A16DFFA3A25B0B97FDB5A192" box="[102,575,971,1000]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA16DFFA3A25B0B97FE59A19D" authorityName="Rana &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[102,467,971,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Sahnitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rangapurensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A25B0B97FE59A19D" box="[102,467,971,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Sahnitherium rangapurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24357C1A16DFFA3A3E60B97FDB5A192" box="[475,575,971,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0BAFFF73A67C" blockId="8.[102,575,971,1033]" box="[102,249,1011,1033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<tableCitation id="C6860313A16DFFA3A25B0BAFFF24A67C" box="[102,174,1011,1033]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[102,157,231,253]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in mm) and ratios of Rangapur and Naskal upper molars. Abbreviations as follows: AW, anterior width; PW, posterior width; PW1, posterior width sensu Butler (1990); PRW, protocone shelf width; MCL, postmetacrista length; BL, buccal length; PRL, protocone shelf length; PRH, protocone height; PAH, paracone height; MEH, metacone height. Naskal data from Prasad et al. (1994)." pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA16DFFA3A2870BAFFF7EA67C" box="[186,244,1011,1033]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E6523A16DFFA2A25B0C47FD77A7C5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0C47FDE6A638" blockId="8.[102,775,1051,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A25B0C47FEABA645" box="[102,289,1051,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Derivation of name</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA16DFFA3A3130C47FE33A645" authorityName="Rana &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[302,441,1051,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Sahnitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rangapurensis">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A3130C47FE33A645" box="[302,441,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">rangapurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CF5A16DFFA3A3820C47FDE2A638" country="India" location="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">
from the village of Rangapur near the
<typeStatus id="54BF880AA16DFFA3A2B40C6BFF38A638" box="[137,178,1079,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">type</typeStatus>
locality in the state of
<collectingRegion id="49C0F84AA16DFFA3A3B30C6BFDA0A638" box="[398,554,1079,1101]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3137638A16DFFA3A0090C6BFDE2A638" box="[564,616,1079,1101]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">India</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0C05FD4FA61A" blockId="8.[102,775,1051,1197]" box="[102,709,1113,1135]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CF5A16DFFA3A25B0C05FD4FA61A" box="[102,709,1113,1135]" collectionCode="R" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A25B0C05FF34A61A" box="[102,190,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<typeStatus id="54BF880AA16DFFA3A25B0C05FF34A61A" box="[102,190,1113,1135]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: ITV/
<collectionCode id="ED15AE6DA16DFFA3A2C40C05FE83A61A" box="[249,265,1113,1135]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">R</collectionCode>
/Mm−1, isolated right upper molar, M1 or M2.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0C20FE56A6D8" blockId="8.[102,775,1051,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A25B0C20FF6BA6E4" box="[102,225,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Type locality</emphasis>
: Terminal Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Intertrappean horizon, Rangapur,
<collectingRegion id="49C0F84AA16DFFA3A2C30CCBFE13A6D8" box="[254,409,1175,1197]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3137638A16DFFA3A39E0CCBFE5DA6D8" box="[419,471,1175,1197]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0CE3FDBEA682" blockId="8.[102,774,1215,1271]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A25B0CE3FF61A6A2" box="[102,235,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Distribution</emphasis>
.—Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Intertrappean beds of Rangapur,
<collectingRegion id="49C0F84AA16DFFA3A30B0C83FE63A682" box="[310,489,1247,1271]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3137638A16DFFA3A3C90C83FDBAA682" box="[500,560,1247,1271]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7B6620A16DFFA3A1110CA5FB98A730" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" startId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]" targetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A1110CA5FB98A730" blockId="8.[812,1486,1273,1349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
Fig. 6.
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA16DFFA3A14A0CA5FBF5A779" authorityName="Rana &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[887,1151,1273,1292]" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Sahnitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rangapurensis">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A14A0CA5FBF5A779" box="[887,1151,1273,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Sahnitherium rangapurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A1C60D49FB81A75D" bold="true" box="[1019,1035,1301,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A6260D49FBA0A75D" bold="true" box="[1051,1066,1301,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">B</emphasis>
), labial (
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A6B90D49FB1EA75D" bold="true" box="[1156,1172,1301,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">C</emphasis>
), anterior (
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A73E0D49FA99A75D" bold="true" box="[1283,1299,1301,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">D</emphasis>
), and posterior (
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A78B0D49FA4FA75D" bold="true" box="[1462,1477,1301,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">E</emphasis>
) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0D54FD17A535" blockId="8.[102,775,1288,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A25B0D54FEE8A755" box="[102,354,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
.—Similar in size and in some morphological aspects to
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA16DFFA3A3580D74FDE9A735" box="[357,611,1320,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Deccanolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A3580D74FDE9A735" box="[357,611,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Deccanolestes hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in that it is not as transversely wide; the postmetacrista is stronger, longer, and carries the so−called cusp “C”; a stylocone is not present; the metastylar area is more posterolabially expanded and larger than the parastylar region; the ectoflexus is shallower; the labial cusps are labiolingually compressed, convex in labial view, and with steeper lingual slopes; paraconule larger and more anterolingually placed; and the protocone height is greater and its labial aspect meets the crown at a steeper angle. The taxon is also diagnosed by a paracone slightly higher and more lingually expanded than the metacone; bases of the labial cusps slightly appressed (moderate zalambdodonty); conular region not anteroposteriorly constricted; conules wing−like with weak internal crests; protocone well−developed and somewhat anteroposteriorly expanded; the apex of the protocone anterolabially recumbent; and no cingula present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA3A25B0F0EFBB4A79F" blockId="8.[102,775,1874,2026]" lastBlockId="8.[812,1485,1394,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16DFFA3A25B0F0EFF60A51C" box="[102,234,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Description</emphasis>
.—ITV/R/Mm−1 is identified as a right upper molar, either M1 or M2 (
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA16DFFA3A3B80F2EFE41A5FF" box="[389,459,1906,1930]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The posterolabial and lingual roots are preserved. The enamel surface of the crown is pitted in some regions, and a small break can be seen in labial view at the anterolabial end of the crown (
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA16DFFA3A0120F8EFD0FA59F" box="[559,645,2002,2026]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). The break removed an anterolabial root and perhaps a parastylar hook and parastyle, if they existed. Otherwise, the labial margin of the crown, including the region where a stylocone would be preserved, is unaffected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16DFFA2A16F0DAEFD80A075" blockId="8.[812,1485,1394,2026]" lastBlockId="9.[102,776,232,1123]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="8" pageNumber="339">
Although the break slightly altered the buccal length and perhaps the anterior width, the crown was clearly not transversely wide (
<tableCitation id="C6860313A16DFFA3A1F90E6EFB9DA43F" box="[964,1047,1586,1610]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[102,157,231,253]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in mm) and ratios of Rangapur and Naskal upper molars. Abbreviations as follows: AW, anterior width; PW, posterior width; PW1, posterior width sensu Butler (1990); PRW, protocone shelf width; MCL, postmetacrista length; BL, buccal length; PRL, protocone shelf length; PRH, protocone height; PAH, paracone height; MEH, metacone height. Naskal data from Prasad et al. (1994)." pageId="8" pageNumber="339">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The main cusps of the crown are moderately tall and conical. The paracone is the tallest cusp, but it is only slightly taller than the metacone and protocone. The apices of the labial cusps are somewhat labiolingually compressed. The bases of these cusps are fused just above the level of the stylar shelf (moderate zalambdodonty). Centrocristae are weak. The base of the paracone is somewhat lingually expanded. The labial aspect of the paracone is flat to convex and gently slopes toward the labial margin of the tooth encroaching on the parastylar region. The labial aspect of the metacone is less convex and slopes more steeply toward the labial margin of the crown. The metastylar region slopes and then flattens but is not gutter−like. Also, this region is slightly posterolabially expanded. The postmetacrista is a distinct ridge that runs along a shallow gradient posterolabially toward the metastylar region. A metacrista cusp (cusp “C”) is present. The preparacrista is a less distinct ridge that runs along a steep gradient anterolabially toward the parastylar region. A faint trace of a raised ectocingulum is preserved on the labial margin of the stylar shelf, but a stylocone or accessory cusps are not present. The parastylar region (except a parastylar hook if one existed) is significantly smaller than the metastylar region. The ectoflexus forms a shallow curve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16CFFA2A2B60A57FD4EA617" blockId="9.[102,776,232,1123]" pageId="9" pageNumber="340">
The paraconule is larger than the metaconule. It is shifted anteriorly and positioned midway between the paracone and protocone. The metaconule is positioned closer to the metacone than to the protocone. The postmetaconule wing terminates at or before the lingual base of the metacone. The preparaconule wing extends labially to the parastylar region. The preparaconule crista runs labially and dorsally along the anterior margin of the crown and becomes a faint trace near the parastylar region. Faint traces of internal wings are present. The trigon basin is deep, especially so toward the labial cusps. The step down to the trigon basin from the metaconule is small and from the paraconule it is negligible. The base of the protocone is somewhat lingually expanded and anteroposteriorly widened. The apex of the protocone is tall and anterolabially deflected. The labial face of the protocone is nearly perpendicular to the rest of the crown, as are the lingual faces of the paracone and metacone (
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA16CFFA2A3C80C57FDC7A657" box="[501,589,1034,1059]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="340">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). In occlusal outline, there is little to no anteroposterior waisting of the crown in the conular region (
<figureCitation id="133F2A2DA16CFFA2A3640C17FE3BA617" box="[345,433,1098,1123]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="340">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). No cingula are present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB36A8A16CFFA2A25B0C24FD77A7C5" blockId="9.[102,775,1144,1456]" pageId="9" pageNumber="340">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16CFFA2A25B0C24FF6BA6FA" box="[102,225,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="340">Discussion</emphasis>
.—The specimen (ITV/R/Mm−1) is similar in size and in some morphological aspects to the M1 of
<taxonomicName id="4C044D2BA16CFFA2A0A40CC5FF7DA6A5" class="Mammalia" family="Adapisoriculidae" genus="Deccanolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="B970EABAA16CFFA2A0A40CC5FF7DA6A5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="340">Deccanolestes hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(VPL/JU/NKIM/10), but it differs in a number of important ways outlined in the diagnosis. Based on evaluation of upper molars from other Cretaceous eutherians, we judge these differences to be greater than preservational, interspecific, or even intrageneric variation. Thus, we erect a new genus and species for the single isolated upper molar because we are unaware of any other Cretaceous or Paleocene boreosphenidan or australosphenidan with this morphology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>