From 3bb4b0da9876e21ce07a4ba33a08e4010b6cd872 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver <ggserver@srv1.plazi.org> Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2024 17:44:26 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-07-26 17:38:17 --- .../87/E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1.xml | 280 +++ .../87/E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973.xml | 280 +++ .../87/E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E.xml | 261 +++ .../87/E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53.xml | 171 ++ .../87/E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B.xml | 1617 +++++++++++++++++ .../87/E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1.xml | 335 ++++ 6 files changed, 2944 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1.xml create mode 100644 data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973.xml create mode 100644 data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E.xml create mode 100644 data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53.xml create mode 100644 data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B.xml create mode 100644 data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1.xml diff --git a/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1.xml b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fc2828ef400 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +<document id="471A132B4461B56F4ADF113C4A70AF04" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0168887" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5235366" ID-PubMed="28085887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827437" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974433489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Boonprakob, Atchaneey, Gaonkar, Chetan C., Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F., Lange, Carina B., Hernández-Becerril, David, Chen, Zuoyi, Moestrup, Øjvind & Lundholm, Nina" docDate="2017" docId="E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.12.1.e0168887.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0168887) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chaetoceros mannaii Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="1445FF8C8364FFDBFFF37C16AC40FFC3" masterDocTitle="Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1722015472371" updateUser="valdenar"> +<mods:mods id="4767E0E31CB56951471DE8F6E970ADB6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="7329268726FE89C758D250F06D239508"> +<mods:title id="BB52CF23524B0C2B747CC7C5CA70AFC7">Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="3B5632A617CC87EB02A57B69755A851C" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="19D4CE93B2B29754ADC45A0D5637757A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="94519CB2FFF5815519B8C3F793BF15C6">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7A1F2F82A56114F6B812969C256AC2F8">Li, Yang</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="0AC34743E9963C766099488B4FDD19EB">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="A46A45CE78CFD35711C274EBE3781821" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="EF39C2A02C99B7C64108849B5332AB99"> +<mods:roleTerm id="3A9C83BECEE0E51C6F561A3E805A611E">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="91CF4B6DBAEAA27649FD85BB65ECB199">Boonprakob, Atchaneey</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="A5433DCD312C759B7CDDCAF8A4862844">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="06A91CDA2D1497AB7EB9B6E84E463CE1" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="5DBF3C6E8E2F1E4A0CE6151F37FA4646"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2C21DB377047E955BFCF578B838A5AD4">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6EC180C1A05FAA3A1DECE9140D734DC4">Gaonkar, Chetan C.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="EBCA1C0836B60796D73BF328E5BA3952">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="4409E139801FF4A85F4E958702C22F2A" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="EF2A50868B66D1BDF07A6ECEEAD4B9AA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="225E633FE19ACFA61EC8DB96274DD1DF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="413B97972A585DD785A4812BF2C6CF4C">Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="E0DD76BEBF871FD0C7729022B9A99FD2">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="95B63C3B7E1A03D10A8CAA62B2FD4764" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="BC7B78AD73C69A1E5B417F5E0D64404F"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2F1DE56763BFB934DEE4008FEA9BD638">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5ED221827EEDD0C690098786A9E8FF2E">Lange, Carina B.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="9C84BC5D16330A69506565FDD0528762">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy, & Department of Oceanography and Center COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7134C4A87FAC7C2E790D1FDA338B9D5D" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="C82A0E71E1FD3EA3B5F9FE11EAE4EDDF"> +<mods:roleTerm id="54FE85D71B232CF9E607C0BCEFBD87AC">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0FCE2F45825C7348ECEAF5F04540B0EE">Hernández-Becerril, David</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="DA33E970D710D424E0BCE213F55BB102">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="5FC7A07648D2BC04C11AF5CE2F4B52C7" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="0D5264C526EBCE37F21284D05A2A8CD4"> +<mods:roleTerm id="89E5C3C47004945A0937CFF9FC4D4E1F">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7580D3532CDA5E8C17A97CB6EE72E6FD">Chen, Zuoyi</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="51129CA43B112FDC7FF442946FFAE78B">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="5BE4F5F8EF98C7A892F7EF5257BB95E3" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E2BC6650C23A75EBA34FE108CB254FAC"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F556611506336DAAFAECBD1E9BB743EF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B6F903428DFFB60E22D07A28A919F336">Moestrup, Øjvind</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="87457EA7FAB3AFCB3917C9E86C45CD62">Section of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="107D8B2D619161E2A5D1900B1E9215C9" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E0F08959E4A965F45B4D595EC59EEF73"> +<mods:roleTerm id="95487C5DD5B65996F2CDB694CB57149C">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C1D2A57EFC982F6B62DCF4D6AFA845C6">Lundholm, Nina</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="B91C5599A50397FFC0ABEDB7CF84EE01">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="06617D0E294FFF8C7A358F4A3366D33A">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="F2BB9D6DCA884B41BB124C6BD568EAB5" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="B406038AC81B959F3A2ADC84D5929303"> +<mods:title id="F4E49BF1D3D2A70C82C59153A112860F">PLoS ONE</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="3D6246D930E4CCBAE7A01082275CCF23"> +<mods:date id="64154C00075FFD69B2FA6E19D684F1F7">2017</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="97CC721FB72BF0BED2D17C0C3E44392A" type="series"> +<mods:title id="C21148E14069EB2034BCA281E77BD3B9">e 0168887</mods:title> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="FB23677D28EF8564410EBB7E24210256" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="882DBD68A121A4AF694C3C2959F016AD">2017-01-13</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="64D195C90C722C5D8A026CC5904C7001" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="A95B998A7C41B0D5F48D9008D828F1AB">12</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="3722EF431DE5978C517AA1947AE7A960" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="F500936117119DB3306AC292BB7B7C58">1</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="8DD6262ECDF7B44906B982C85B50BBA0" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="1389B8AC24C07D80924CF3A002AF714C">1</mods:start> +<mods:end id="20F9946BC2487CC61244DA0422B4114A">38</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="15C695BC1C3137D18B8562FEE502FA00">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="CF0172FD98C01C7D5B39767E43C9DA07" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0168887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="D00836D5C91CFC71ADD122B972D3A19E" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="272F468E6ECC54B70D2AA20258A71FB3" type="PMC">PMC5235366</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="7A038909B9A464D71CCC2C16F4F1CB97" type="PubMed">28085887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="8D32A5D8ED784E22C7781B2937CA85BD" type="Zenodo-Dep">12827437</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87C87F48344FFFAFDE67ACDAF56FCD1" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698344FFFBFDE67ACDAF7FF934" box="[533,831,1755,1783]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28344FFFBFDE67ACDAF7FF934" blockId="32.[533,1511,1755,1897]" box="[533,831,1755,1783]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<heading id="3B22818E8344FFFBFDE67ACDAF7FF934" box="[533,831,1755,1783]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="8"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFDE67ACDAF7FF934" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[533,831,1755,1783]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFDE67ACDAF7FF934" box="[533,831,1755,1783]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Chaetoceros mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698344FFFAFDE67B1DAF56FCD1" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28344FFFAFDE67B1DA990FE19" blockId="32.[533,1511,1755,1897]" lastBlockId="33.[533,1535,207,786]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +Cells of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFD997B1AAE9DF8E0" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[618,733,1803,1827]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFD997B1AAE3BF8E0" box="[618,635,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFD757B1AAE9DF8E0" box="[646,733,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are ultrastructurally similar to field material identified as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFAB17B1AA997F8E0" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1346,1495,1803,1827]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFAB17B1AA913F8E0" box="[1346,1363,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFAAC7B1DA997F8E0" box="[1375,1495,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFDA37B38AEF2F885" box="[592,690,1838,1862]" name="Thailand" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thailand</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFD4F7B38AF4BF885" box="[700,779,1838,1862]" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mexico</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFCCC7B38AF3BF885" box="[831,891,1838,1862]" name="Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Japan</collectingCountry> +([ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138344FFFBFC677B38AFEDF885" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[916,941,1838,1862]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17876" refString="12. Hernandez-Becerril DU. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot). 1996; 26: 1 - 73" type="journal article" year="1996">12</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138344FFFBFC4A7B38AF92F885" author="Okuno H." box="[953,978,1838,1862]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="182 - 200" refId="ref18739" refString="36. Okuno H. Electron microscopical study on fine structure of diatom frustules. XIV. Observation on the genus Chaetoceros. Bot Mag, Tokyo. 1956; 69: 182 - 200" type="journal article" year="1956">36</bibRefCitation> +], own observations). Compared to the original description of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFD5C7B47AF03F8AB" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[687,835,1872,1897]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFD5C7B47AE80F8AB" box="[687,704,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFD387B46AF03F8AB" box="[715,835,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFCA37B47AF83F8AB" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[848,963,1873,1897]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFCA37B47AF21F8AB" box="[848,865,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC9F7B47AF83F8AB" box="[876,963,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has large poroids on the setae, 0.7±0.2 μm long, the largest among strains of section +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFC9A7CD9AF81FF24" box="[873,961,207,231]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC9A7CD9AF81FF24" box="[873,961,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dicladia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +examined by us, and readily visible in LM. They are more closely spaced (12.3±1.6) than in the +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408345FFFAFC297CE4A847FEC9" box="[986,1031,242,266]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus> +material of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB767CE5A95AFEC9" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1157,1306,242,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB767CE5A8D6FEC9" box="[1157,1174,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB517CE4A95AFEC9" box="[1186,1306,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(7.2±1.7), and smaller than those of the Mexican ([ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFC607D03AFECFEEE" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[915,940,277,301]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17876" refString="12. Hernandez-Becerril DU. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot). 1996; 26: 1 - 73" type="journal article" year="1996">12</bibRefCitation> +], pl. 23, figs 3 and 4) and Japanese material ([ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFA7C7D03A9E8FEEE" author="Okuno H." box="[1423,1448,277,301]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="182 - 200" refId="ref18739" refString="36. Okuno H. Electron microscopical study on fine structure of diatom frustules. XIV. Observation on the genus Chaetoceros. Bot Mag, Tokyo. 1956; 69: 182 - 200" type="journal article" year="1956">36</bibRefCitation> +], pl. +<collectionCode id="06C4AE278345FFFAFA2E7D03A9BBFEEE" box="[1501,1531,277,301]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">VI</collectionCode> +, fig 7) tentatively identified as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFCBD7D2EAFA2FE8C" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[846,994,311,336]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCBD7D2EAF1FFE8C" box="[846,863,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC997D21AFA2FE8C" box="[874,994,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, where poroids of 1 μm or more were illustrated. In addition, the apertures of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFCB77D4CAFF8FEB1" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[836,952,346,370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCB77D4CAF15FEB2" box="[836,853,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC927D4DAFF8FEB1" box="[865,952,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are hexagonal, compared to the more quadrangular apertures of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD697D6BAF6EFE56" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[666,814,381,405]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD697D6BAEEBFE57" box="[666,683,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD457D6BAF6EFE56" box="[694,814,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(compare +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFC527D6BA871FE56" box="[929,1073,381,405]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 11C, 11d</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFBCF7D6BA884FE56" box="[1084,1220,381,405]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">16A and 16B</figureCitation> +) [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFB2E7D6BA8AAFE56" author="Grunow A." box="[1245,1258,381,405]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="137 - 162" refId="ref17735" refString="8. Grunow A. Uber einige neue und ungenugend bekannte Arten und Gattungen von Diatomaceen. Verhandl kaiserl-konigl zool-bot Ges. 1863; 13: 137 - 162" type="journal article" year="1863">8</bibRefCitation> +]. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB0C7D6BA998FE56" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1279,1496,381,405]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB0C7D6BA998FE56" box="[1279,1496,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetoceros mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also differs in having a smaller apical axis, 5.7–12.9 μm, compared to 20–43 μm in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFA897DB6AE7AFE19" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA897DB6A9CBFE74" box="[1402,1419,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA647D89AE7AFE19" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +[ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFDBA7DD4AE16FE19" author="Grunow A." box="[585,598,450,474]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="137 - 162" refId="ref17735" refString="8. Grunow A. Uber einige neue und ungenugend bekannte Arten und Gattungen von Diatomaceen. Verhandl kaiserl-konigl zool-bot Ges. 1863; 13: 137 - 162" type="journal article" year="1863">8</bibRefCitation> +], 13–25 μm in the Mexican material [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFC157DD4AFBFFE19" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[998,1023,450,474]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17876" refString="12. Hernandez-Becerril DU. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot). 1996; 26: 1 - 73" type="journal article" year="1996">12</bibRefCitation> +] and around 30 μm (with a variation of 10– +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDE67DF3AFDBFE3E" blockId="33.[533,1535,207,786]" box="[533,923,485,509]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +80 μm) in the Japanese material [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFC807DF3AFCCFE3E" author="Okuno H." box="[883,908,485,509]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="182 - 200" refId="ref18739" refString="36. Okuno H. Electron microscopical study on fine structure of diatom frustules. XIV. Observation on the genus Chaetoceros. Bot Mag, Tokyo. 1956; 69: 182 - 200" type="journal article" year="1956">36</bibRefCitation> +]. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDC67E1EAF96FD0E" blockId="33.[533,1535,207,786]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +Cells of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD797E1EAEBDFDDC" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[650,765,520,544]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD797E1EAEDBFDDC" box="[650,667,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD557E1EAEBDFDDC" box="[678,765,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are otherwise characterized by heavily silicified frustules and a distinct furrow above the basal ring of the mantle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFC247E3CA866FD81" box="[983,1062,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig 11F</figureCitation> +, arrowheads). The terminal cell of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFA6B7E3CAE7EFDA6" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA6B7E3CA9E9FD82" box="[1432,1449,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA477E3DAE7EFDA6" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +carries a relatively long and distinct external tube of the rimoportula ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFAD07E5BA9F2FDA6" box="[1315,1458,589,613]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 11E, 11F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFDE67E66AE01FD4B" box="[533,577,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">12C</figureCitation> +). An external tube was not observed in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFC177E66A81FFD44" box="[996,1119,623,648]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC177E66AFB5FD44" box="[996,1013,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFBF27E79A81FFD44" box="[1025,1119,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB987E66A8BBFD44" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1131,1275,623,648]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB987E66A83CFD44" box="[1131,1148,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB747E79A8BBFD44" box="[1159,1275,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFADD7E66A9C3FD44" box="[1326,1411,624,648]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFADD7E66A97FFD44" box="[1326,1343,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAB97E66A9C3FD44" box="[1354,1411,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFA617E66A9A0FD4B" box="[1426,1504,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 2F</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFDE67E84AE72FD69" box="[533,562,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">8E</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFD967E84AED2FD69" box="[613,658,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14G</figureCitation> +), and a very short one was present in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFBD27E84A8C7FD69" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1057,1159,658,682]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFBD27E84A872FD6A" box="[1057,1074,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFBCE7E84A8C7FD69" box="[1085,1159,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFB657E84A96EFD69" box="[1174,1326,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig 5D and 5E</figureCitation> +). This character still needs to be explored in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFCCF7EA3AF91FD0E" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[828,977,693,717]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCCF7EA3AF0DFD0F" box="[828,845,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCAA7EA3AF91FD0E" box="[857,977,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDC67ECEAF56FCD1" blockId="33.[533,1535,207,786]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +Resting spores were not observed in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFC4B7ECEA86BFD2C" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[952,1067,728,752]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC4B7ECEAF89FD2C" box="[952,969,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC277ECEA86BFD2C" box="[980,1067,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +although several attempts were made to induce spore formation. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973.xml b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..54c2e3a73f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973.xml @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +<document id="4386D350BBC8239BA1B8558210C87236" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0168887" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5235366" ID-PubMed="28085887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827437" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974433489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Boonprakob, Atchaneey, Gaonkar, Chetan C., Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F., Lange, Carina B., Hernández-Becerril, David, Chen, Zuoyi, Moestrup, Øjvind & Lundholm, Nina" docDate="2017" docId="E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.12.1.e0168887.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0168887) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chaetoceros elegans Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="1445FF8C8364FFDBFFF37C16AC40FFC3" masterDocTitle="Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1722015775328" updateUser="ExternalLinkService"> +<mods:mods id="99E7E9085A4A5BA7FC434A244C605BA5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="E93FC3E7A2B63E1C2E30EFA7DF03740C"> +<mods:title id="C315FF7CA60B0A08DD9B4E69FDA40B2A">Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="028899745B6B6E6979FA0BBF0C5ECE45" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="27C5C046EB356BD064682F04BB191587"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2CB56503881A44F9BADF95B544E08560">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="42E8EBB040052E784B50D6A2A121FACC">Li, Yang</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="A111F70BB07D9D53A7FF35B76A9067FE">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="3E9E3FEC9C6659DE52EB312D35AEA05E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="DC3F83AD7B45293E3A22C02D8F3D53EA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="0076D83A3C61F5594B379230E119A356">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="9F761FBCA267D834B8547D9E0A45C784">Boonprakob, Atchaneey</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="FDEDE907CE7B54DBA58FD3818D1F4035">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="FE86C530CBC65579597D7D4FD508DEFD" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7233FDFE2EF43B2EB82DA1163B02CCEA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="339DA415274269BDC40407931EF85A65">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="CE351F0FB0EB3E3E1C28A70AA1CB022E">Gaonkar, Chetan C.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="31D5C4E8F3334D50F46E84CE4A4C8994">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7BE7816636601A82CEFC96E325B59132" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="2F7D416B483F37F4540D6E2DC2603AE1"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4DD6A9589828E269009338FFB9B6C2A1">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="A13298ECCD95BB3808A11D145CAC09AD">Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="33FD22481EB336EAB6D0FF3B7C311BF8">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="5EAEE5033691B46EC6128E3E356FA9C8" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="0EDC31780CC5F621AFA5CDD11FC94831"> +<mods:roleTerm id="EA6AF3BBAABFE331AB1C6D9238EB0CA1">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B9D528D47D0B0CFD2AA6EF617159C0C0">Lange, Carina B.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="14F88C3B79487184F20DFFA6CA567D52">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy, & Department of Oceanography and Center COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="A5D03EB01396590A832169388C12F3E8" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="752762DEB8B9FA7E7E79BE053968107D"> +<mods:roleTerm id="9D1A0F794439C74AC3C024C18CB8E560">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6DE981B9B438DC929101BB17F78804FA">Hernández-Becerril, David</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="89902E5A2ECF1D1F9CA5A337D5088651">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="BB002A9D471BE4622A1022C7BDA7F260" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="560D69D5525F18556515307A304241A0"> +<mods:roleTerm id="BD67778C87DA9D30E4AA6CDE13B8E259">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="441AA94F982AD32E119ECA2A69D07994">Chen, Zuoyi</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="008B3E9E6374D3D85230160FEACDB1D2">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="4EDF88977798999347C62FE7271AF3CD" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="B13DFE5E0A2B196A2034F4B33ADE56FB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="7462165434099C4FF83CD1CE1579708D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="FF70D7984EAA524D914B7E44D527E91D">Moestrup, Øjvind</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="FDFD5A7375932F61288E922ABD4EEA57">Section of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="A3B4D99C58909EFC11E6927EDC39873F" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="21238982BD958061D5618F4F8B413AE5"> +<mods:roleTerm id="017B25F84B5C2B59F22CA14292A57AAA">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="91630A03783BF1FD16326AB8E09D226B">Lundholm, Nina</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="9F1FB09EC2BBB18C8DDA402171503230">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="DCB0B0B0ABE18983EB94C24B3BD7EE32">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="ECADA18B4543BD7D6B2884A6B666F359" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="AAF1D8B587571B8560F9D0DECA373B8A"> +<mods:title id="92729CD20E88FDE119AEB847DDF55E59">PLoS ONE</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="39CA3CDF500E248DEAF56AE3F39F9409"> +<mods:date id="C04E762BD1982FD8DA503B17B52F21DC">2017</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="ADBAB6B871297AEA2B16CC51B181E026" type="series"> +<mods:title id="36CE14E754E072225931AA26F9457BA9">e 0168887</mods:title> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="116C48A2AC6D468B822CECBFC1EFED20" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="03018D65086F0CE502A29E92B2F56312">2017-01-13</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="1C5717DEAE17EBF21A234EB307D6833D" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="261AB4F5F79FFB0CBC1C9A51BFAD7A43">12</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="19A03B88849CD738505C7F1FA956C960" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="A1D3B529B722C2320A3BF7B0395E235B">1</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="883B858DBD43542AA98ABA1EBD48F2EE" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="A29063A93072662DECBFF07DADEA565F">1</mods:start> +<mods:end id="4D54AA8A26AEE075B81569DC98DB7508">38</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="C04E636C6BA9851DF98C11F3573E14FC">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="91FF6DA97A38A4E79DFE74B30E634019" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0168887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="8F50546FB8B8E91F7FB6B24DC50A9922" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="A525B56D6D4A02C713488F7C2E3FBABD" type="PMC">PMC5235366</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="F98F96D9D9051C8ABB893D12A91E9B70" type="PubMed">28085887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="7ABBAE77EB84623B19E8091B5AEF7AF3" type="Zenodo-Dep">12827437</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630674" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87C87F48344FFFBFDE67F99A9CFF973" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698344FFFBFDE67F99AF7FFC68" box="[533,831,911,939]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28344FFFBFDE67F99AF7FFC68" blockId="32.[533,1536,911,1712]" box="[533,831,911,939]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<heading id="3B22818E8344FFFBFDE67F99AF7FFC68" box="[533,831,911,939]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="8"> +C +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFDDF7F99AF7FFC68" box="[556,831,911,939]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +haetoceros +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFD237F99AF7FFC68" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[720,831,911,939]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">elegans</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698344FFFBFDE67FD6A9CFF973" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28344FFFBFDE67FD6A8FAFB83" blockId="32.[533,1536,911,1712]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +The species +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFD667FD6AEBBFC14" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[661,763,959,984]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFD667FD6AEE6FC14" box="[661,678,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFD427FA9AEBBFC14" box="[689,763,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +possesses intermediate-sized poroids on the setae, 0.5 ± 0.2 μm, visible in LM. Besides the size, which is statistically different from the other examined taxa, the mostly tear-shaped setae poroids are unique ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFC5A7813A800FBDE" box="[937,1088,1029,1053]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig 6E and 6G</figureCitation> +; +<tableCitation id="2D5703598344FFFBFBBF7813A8DAFBDE" box="[1100,1178,1029,1053]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +). Poroid density also differentiates this species from all other taxa except +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFC20783EA80EFBFC" box="[979,1102,1063,1088]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC20783EAFA4FBFC" box="[979,996,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC037831A80EFBFC" box="[1008,1102,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598344FFFBFBAE783EA8EBFB83" box="[1117,1195,1064,1088]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28344FFFBFDC6785CA895FA23" blockId="32.[533,1536,911,1712]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFDC6785CAF42FBA1" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[565,770,1098,1122]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFDC6785CAF42FBA1" box="[565,770,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Chaetoceros elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is characterized by large rounded quadrangular-rectangular apertures ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFDEF787BAED8FB46" box="[540,664,1133,1157]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 4A, 4C</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFD56787BAF53FB46" box="[677,787,1133,1157]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">5B and 5C</figureCitation> +), and differs in this respect from the other species ( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598344FFFBFAC1787BA9C0FB46" box="[1330,1408,1133,1157]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +) except +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFA2A787BAECDFB64" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFA2A787BA9AAFB47" box="[1497,1514,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFDE67899AECDFB64" box="[533,653,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has been illustrated with quadrangular-hexagonal apertures ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFA977886A9B7FB6B" box="[1380,1527,1168,1192]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 16A, 16B</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFDB078A4AE31FB09" box="[579,625,1202,1226]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">20D</figureCitation> +) [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138344FFFBFD7B78A4AED5FB09" author="Grunow A." box="[648,661,1202,1226]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="137 - 162" refId="ref17735" refString="8. Grunow A. Uber einige neue und ungenugend bekannte Arten und Gattungen von Diatomaceen. Verhandl kaiserl-konigl zool-bot Ges. 1863; 13: 137 - 162" type="journal article" year="1863">8</bibRefCitation> +]. A large aperture/pervalvar index also characterizes +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFB3B78A4A96EFB09" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1224,1326,1202,1226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB3B78A4A899FB0A" box="[1224,1241,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB1778A4A96EFB09" box="[1252,1326,1202,1226]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598344FFFBFACE78A4A9CBFB09" box="[1341,1419,1202,1226]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +), and differentiates it from the other taxa except +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFC4978C3A875FB2E" ID-CoL="TB3X" box="[954,1077,1237,1261]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC4978C3AF8BFB2F" box="[954,971,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC2478C3A875FB2E" box="[983,1077,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFB9A78C3A8BDFB2E" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1129,1277,1237,1261]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB9A78C3A83AFB2F" box="[1129,1146,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB7678C3A8BDFB2E" box="[1157,1277,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Distinct basal parts of the setae are present in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFCFE78EEAF33FACC" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[781,883,1271,1296]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFCFE78EEAF5EFACC" box="[781,798,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFCDA78E1AF33FACC" box="[809,883,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFC7178EEA858FAD3" box="[898,1048,1272,1296]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig 5B and 5C</figureCitation> +). A very short basal part is present also in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFA2478EEAE2CFAF1" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFA2478EEA9A8FACC" box="[1495,1512,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFDE6790DAE2CFAF1" box="[533,620,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFD8E790CAF71FAF1" box="[637,817,1306,1330]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig 11C and 11D</figureCitation> +) while basal parts are absent in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFB72790CA952FAF1" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1153,1298,1306,1330]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB72790CA8D2FAF2" box="[1153,1170,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB6D790CA952FAF1" box="[1182,1298,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFAEF790CA9D7FAF1" ID-CoL="TB3X" box="[1308,1431,1306,1330]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFAEF790CA96DFAF2" box="[1308,1325,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFACA790CA9D7FAF1" box="[1337,1431,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFA39790CAE0EFA97" ID-CoL="TB63" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFA39790CA99BFAF2" box="[1482,1499,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFDE6792BAE0EFA97" box="[533,590,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and apparently also in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFCBF792BAFA0FA96" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[844,992,1341,1365]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFCBF792BAF1DFA97" box="[844,861,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC9B792BAFA0FA96" box="[872,992,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFC03792BA8DFFA96" box="[1008,1183,1341,1365]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig 16A and 16B</figureCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFB46792BA9C2FA96" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1205,1410,1341,1365]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB46792BA9C2FA96" box="[1205,1410,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Chaetoceros elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +seems to be a widely distributed species. In addition to our findings in +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFB6D7976A8A1FABB" box="[1182,1249,1376,1400]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">China</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFB187976A90BFABB" box="[1259,1355,1376,1400]" name="Thailand" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thailand</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFA8C7976A9FAFABB" box="[1407,1466,1376,1400]" name="Chile" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Chile</collectingCountry> +, sequences of specimens from +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFCA37994AFE1FA59" box="[848,929,1410,1434]" name="Canada" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Canada</collectingCountry> +(previously reported as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFB527994A97AFA59" ID-CoL="TB3X" box="[1185,1338,1410,1434]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB527994A8F2FA5A" box="[1185,1202,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. cf. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFB2F7994A97AFA59" box="[1244,1338,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) have been identified ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678344FFFBFDBF79B3AECDFA7E" box="[588,653,1445,1469]" captionStart="Fig 19" captionStartId="28.[396,428,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[401,1533,212,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-2@28.[396,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig 19. Molecular phylogenetic tree. Based on analyses of the D1-D3 region of the LSU rDNA sequences. Numbers indicated on the branches are posterior probability of Bayesian analyses (MrB) and boot strap support of neighbor joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g019" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827480/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig 19</figureCitation> +), and material which we refer to this species has been illustrated from +<collectingCountry id="18C276728344FFFBFA8679B3A9F1FA7E" box="[1397,1457,1445,1469]" name="Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Japan</collectingCountry> +(as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFA2879B3AE33FA1C" ID-CoL="TB3X" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFA2879B3A9ACFA7F" box="[1499,1516,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFDE679D1AE33FA1C" box="[533,627,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138344FFFBFD6D79DEAEF7FA23" author="Okuno H." box="[670,695,1480,1504]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="182 - 200" refId="ref18739" refString="36. Okuno H. Electron microscopical study on fine structure of diatom frustules. XIV. Observation on the genus Chaetoceros. Bot Mag, Tokyo. 1956; 69: 182 - 200" type="journal article" year="1956">36</bibRefCitation> +]) and Gulf of California (as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFC1079DEA837FA1C" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[995,1143,1479,1504]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC1079DEAFB4FA1C" box="[995,1012,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC0C79D1A837FA1C" box="[1023,1143,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138344FFFBFB5079DEA8FCFA23" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[1187,1212,1480,1504]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17876" refString="12. Hernandez-Becerril DU. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot). 1996; 26: 1 - 73" type="journal article" year="1996">12</bibRefCitation> +]). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28344FFFBFDC679FCA9CFF973" blockId="32.[533,1536,911,1712]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33"> +The resting spores of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFCEB79FCAF3FF9C1" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[792,895,1514,1538]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFCEB79FCAF69F9C2" box="[792,809,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFCC679FCAF3FF9C1" box="[821,895,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618344FFFBFC4079FCA848F9C1" ID-CoL="TB63" box="[947,1032,1514,1538]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC4079FCAF84F9C2" box="[947,964,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08344FFFBFC3C79FDA848F9C1" box="[975,1032,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +both possess two elevations and branching processes on the primary valve and 1–2 bulges on the secondary valve. Using the terminology of Suto [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138344FFFBFD837A26AEC9F98B" author="Suto I." box="[624,649,1584,1608]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="331 - 356" refId="ref18261" refString="24. Suto I. Taxonomy of the marine resting spore genera Dicladia Ehrenberg, Monocladia gen. nov. and Synendrum Ehrenberg and their stratigraphic significance in Miocene strata. Diatom Res. 2003; 18: 331 - 356." type="journal article" year="2003">24</bibRefCitation> +], the resting spores are distinguished from each other based on 1) the length of the apical axis 2) the length of the pervalvar axis of the primary valve, 3) the relationship between the length of the pervalvar axis of the primary valve and the length of the branching processes, 4) the slope of the elevations, and 5) the position where the elevations join ( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598344FFFBFAC27A8EA93FF973" box="[1329,1407,1688,1712]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,588,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-497@13.[533,1536,235,638]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters of resting spores of C. elegans and C. mitra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20">Table 2</tableCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E.xml b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..97956910cd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +<document id="3BD42FF1C86C44AF0E7F22A95C847352" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0168887" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5235366" ID-PubMed="28085887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827437" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974433489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Boonprakob, Atchaneey, Gaonkar, Chetan C., Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F., Lange, Carina B., Hernández-Becerril, David, Chen, Zuoyi, Moestrup, Øjvind & Lundholm, Nina" docDate="2017" docId="E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.12.1.e0168887.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0168887) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Dicladia" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="1445FF8C8364FFDBFFF37C16AC40FFC3" masterDocTitle="Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1722015472371" updateUser="valdenar"> +<mods:mods id="01A4AD9BAD374762F8244220AD611547" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="E06540D02B14E64EDEFDBEB8B906FD89"> +<mods:title id="5AF9DD659219E01C06C41501DDD75EF9">Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="CE22558CB5A5F73AD66749D1D6221832" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="2A68D792D10918DCB39033CA08071253"> +<mods:roleTerm id="3D9A3ABF8B1C77A82EB8D9CADA913698">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="9AC516B460C6DC9D69A6EE487831AAD7">Li, Yang</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="77ADE3FEE0EE85DF2E95A6EE6D282E3C">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E71CCFB94E6C686B026D0EF81E9A80DC" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="AF937F7B6EE18EE398C87A1F2D55BA02"> +<mods:roleTerm id="9E39BDE687989CF974AEED2175805244">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="9E19EB93CBCB342B2D3E282A82C46FBD">Boonprakob, Atchaneey</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="0BEE1B3EC9FD13C5C1B77EA7FEA7B412">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="B731F356B8375374A48BCF54D51C6506" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="C11ACA66D95B04CCA97CBE8A898F49CC"> +<mods:roleTerm id="12BAF6FD97E9DD9BCEEACC177CEA006A">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="737CF6F65CD349D9EEC1FD26B353DFB7">Gaonkar, Chetan C.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="6193E55A9B4D699ABFCA9A14FEB0B3F1">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="AE42B13D04AA0C61343FEF1A5122C4E0" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="87ECAB3A59C2B0902EDD163B61109DF4"> +<mods:roleTerm id="0C624A84D965EAFDBBDF8FE8B66401FD">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B5E37DB6DDD25FDB77A5D725AF234D43">Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="F5B576B7D550A36D90E22D4C077D4A28">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="175EA4806443EE4EE08F909FF7F125AA" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="17D2788A29688E33E61F30450A3AC25F"> +<mods:roleTerm id="742BA9224F1761751289B7715C0C21BF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="13B5DD10CEA778C9B13E78CC24E0FCE6">Lange, Carina B.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="596710290D672FF2EA1EDA52FA52EF0D">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy, & Department of Oceanography and Center COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="19208BC844B6AB5DCBF5614A7CD9C578" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="A525014FF92DADE30B1E6510CCCDA18B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="68CE301C9EFE272E2450BEBB660F9B49">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="8D5B83966BE0B06FDFBCC2F5C6C17B6D">Hernández-Becerril, David</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="F658415141296A76C4F3728493E4F5E1">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7B1032508B0B5550EC3D1552C4D18647" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="A2EE2DF3EBF846ECBE696300BCD1B1CA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="52D690238DB21B87A024F3492057FA82">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C9CC6FAEFB8697D23A73EFC3A1A5420C">Chen, Zuoyi</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="037D5CFF7BAEBA120DE1E7C7F6D1B228">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="17748C9CF7EFE4A5425E368BA9718386" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="74149408A7DC61C3320BA2B3767C2405"> +<mods:roleTerm id="E4AC4B0BD9573D530153BDEB830C4F17">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2A27F66F663E5725B315124EC113A414">Moestrup, Øjvind</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="8E429CB2A058DD0A8BBD5AA57D442798">Section of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="41424848BEF511724292D9CB35A8E64C" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8291065F23D160A2749F64BC86B0A0AE"> +<mods:roleTerm id="8CC0A44E1F2A4BA708EDDA1A32B000B7">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="FDCF891335209D8FB9FE913706255B71">Lundholm, Nina</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="FCCE8B9A48CFB49EC4B9C1E4A12569E3">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="AE1651997BB5666FD145059AFCD3B5E1">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="9FC5965402502B4C8672D9BFD9D4B0A3" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="B83CB389A914CA2ADCB47A1422FD8A36"> +<mods:title id="D8B9EA51471CB40631D18195B5CEEA26">PLoS ONE</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="D66534C7E6329AA552CA7F5AF0649AFE"> +<mods:date id="A453DCACFA1C93E02D97143ADAFD1365">2017</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="8960AE719B3E480BA0BF3D42C1428914" type="series"> +<mods:title id="04EC634B5B0A3F1DEAEB264395D8E2DC">e 0168887</mods:title> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="95C8C842F2C85DA790F83F088900706A" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="EEF23B5FBFAB07BA2D2B54FDD144C7A2">2017-01-13</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="45E15369B94C2D567E812249C37988A2" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="4E87E9D551EDB9003B4E1AAEFD8E12CE">12</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="294249D67A2876899E923DB695F46681" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="FF6DFABAD3EC8D3963C75CF7F7978831">1</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="4B4076F8FAEC15DEE90D947650B7BB33" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="D0332498AAD92A6F7BE7AA784115D365">1</mods:start> +<mods:end id="191A0EEF76170A4B6907AB41C241AE66">38</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="E9A234BDB1C3934043C85C9F1B039E32">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="70EEB93636325CDEFE58142B0D273035" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0168887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="3376E983954938CBD7BB12B0532E4541" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="926FD3BE7252B812D922C621F19ADFE8" type="PMC">PMC5235366</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="8F541F81B92B9AAB98393AFED5ED682B" type="PubMed">28085887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="EA5FF37B8CFBBBB4386E9524BB88648A" type="Zenodo-Dep">12827437</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698345FFFAFDE678C5A95AFB2C" box="[533,1306,1235,1263]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDE678C5A95AFB2C" blockId="33.[533,1537,1235,1897]" box="[533,1306,1235,1263]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +<heading id="3B22818E8345FFFAFDE678C5A95AFB2C" box="[533,1306,1235,1263]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="8"> +Additional morphological characters in section +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB6B78C5A94BFB2C" box="[1176,1291,1235,1263]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">Dicladia</taxonomicName> +? +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698345FFF9FDE67912A811FE3E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDE67912AFB8F9CD" blockId="33.[533,1537,1235,1897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +A feature of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD6B7912AF69FAD8" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[664,809,1283,1308]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD6B7912AEE9FAD8" box="[664,681,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD467915AF69FAD8" box="[693,809,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +which occurs also in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFBF97912A8C5FAD8" box="[1034,1157,1283,1308]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFBF97912A85BFAD8" box="[1034,1051,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFBD47915A8C5FAD8" box="[1063,1157,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB4A7912A95FFAD8" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1209,1311,1283,1308]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB4A7912A88AFAD8" box="[1209,1226,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB267915A95FFAD8" box="[1237,1311,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFADF7912A93FFADF" box="[1324,1407,1284,1308]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 1G</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFA407912A993FADF" box="[1459,1491,1284,1308]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4D</figureCitation> +, arrowheads) is the presence of a non-silicified, V-shaped protrusion on the terminal valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFDED795FAE25FAA2" box="[542,613,1353,1377]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig 8A</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD0B795EA852FAA3" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[760,1042,1352,1377]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD0B795EAF34FAA3" box="[760,884,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetoceros</emphasis> +cf. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC69795EA852FAA3" box="[922,1042,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from the Gulf of +<collectingCountry id="18C276728345FFFAFB38795FA961FAA2" box="[1227,1313,1353,1377]" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Panama</collectingCountry> +shows the same feature [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFDA3797AAE29FA47" author="Kooistra WHCF & Sarno D & Hernandez-Becerril DU & Assmy P & Prisco CD & Montresor M." box="[592,617,1388,1412]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="471 - 500" refId="ref18695" refString="35. Kooistra WHCF, Sarno D, Hernandez-Becerril DU, Assmy P, Prisco CD, Montresor M. Comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of taxa in the Chaetocerataceae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia. 2010; 49: 471 - 500" type="journal article" year="2010">35</bibRefCitation> +]. This, together with the reduced external tube of rimoportula on the terminal valve (loc. cit. figs +<quantity id="A72D9B078345FFFAFD687998AEB7FA65" box="[667,759,1422,1446]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9939" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.9558" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="78.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="77.0">77–80 in</quantity> +[ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFCF57998AF5FFA65" author="Kooistra WHCF & Sarno D & Hernandez-Becerril DU & Assmy P & Prisco CD & Montresor M." box="[774,799,1422,1446]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="471 - 500" refId="ref18695" refString="35. Kooistra WHCF, Sarno D, Hernandez-Becerril DU, Assmy P, Prisco CD, Montresor M. Comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of taxa in the Chaetocerataceae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia. 2010; 49: 471 - 500" type="journal article" year="2010">35</bibRefCitation> +]) clearly places this material as belonging to +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB0A7998A9C9FA65" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1273,1417,1422,1446]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB0A7998A94AFA66" box="[1273,1290,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAE67998A9C9FA65" box="[1301,1417,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, The Vstructure was observed in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFCDA79A7AFE4FA0B" box="[809,932,1456,1481]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCDA79A7AF7AFA0B" box="[809,826,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCB579A6AFE4FA0B" box="[838,932,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by Rines & Hargraves [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFB6C79A7A8F8FA0A" author="Rines JEB & Hargraves PE" box="[1183,1208,1457,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="5 - 196" refId="ref17794" refString="10. Rines JEB, Hargraves PE. The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Bibl Phycol. 1988; 79: 5 - 196" type="journal article" year="1988">10</bibRefCitation> +] and Jensen & Moestrup [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFA2279A7A99EFA0A" author="Jensen KG & Moestrup O." box="[1489,1502,1457,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="5 - 68" refId="ref17764" refString="9. Jensen KG, Moestrup O. The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in inner Danish coastal waters. Opera Bot. 1998; 133: 5 - 68" type="journal article" year="1998">9</bibRefCitation> +], and may be present in more species of the section. Because of its non-silicified nature, the structure disappears in acid-cleaned material. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDC67A0FA8D4F8AA" blockId="33.[533,1537,1235,1897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +The ear-like structures at the marginal border of the apertures have been observed in all the studied strains, often in different shapes on the intercalary valves and terminal valves. In +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFA4C7A2AA996F997" box="[1471,1494,1596,1620]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA4C7A2AA990F990" box="[1471,1488,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67A48AE33F9B5" box="[533,627,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD547A48AEBDF9B5" box="[679,765,1630,1654]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD547A48AEF8F9B6" box="[679,696,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD377A49AEBDF9B5" box="[708,765,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the structures are very distinct, and they interconnect the edges of sibling valves on each side of the aperture ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFC497A97A874F95A" box="[954,1076,1665,1689]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 3B, 3C</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFB9B7A97A8CFF95A" box="[1128,1167,1665,1689]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14F</figureCitation> +). In +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB317A97A967F95B" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1218,1319,1664,1689]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB317A97A893F95B" box="[1218,1235,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB2D7A96A967F95B" box="[1246,1319,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAC77A97A984F95B" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1332,1476,1664,1689]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAC77A97A905F95B" box="[1332,1349,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAA37A96A984F95B" box="[1360,1476,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFDE67AB2AEC9F978" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[533,649,1699,1723]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67AB2AE66F978" box="[533,550,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDC17AB2AEC9F978" box="[562,649,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +they are smaller, sometimes with overlapping parts ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFB4B7AB5A972F978" box="[1208,1330,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 6A, 6B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFACE7AB5A9C4F978" box="[1341,1412,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">9A, 9B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFA637AB5A9A9F978" box="[1424,1513,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">11C and</figureCitation> +11D). On the terminal valves, these structures vary in shape, as fringes in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAE87AD0A9D6F91D" box="[1307,1430,1734,1758]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAE87AD0A96CF91E" box="[1307,1324,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFACB7AD0A9D6F91D" box="[1336,1430,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA527AD0A9F2F91E" box="[1441,1458,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA4D7AD0AA41F91D" box="[1470,1537,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67AFFAE0FF8C3" box="[533,591,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis> +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD707AFFAE98F8C3" box="[643,728,1769,1793]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD707AFFAED4F8C3" box="[643,660,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD6C7AFFAE98F8C3" box="[671,728,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFD147AFFAF75F8C2" box="[743,821,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 2F</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFCB37AFFAF1FF8C2" box="[832,863,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">9C</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFC607AFFAF80F8C2" box="[915,960,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14G</figureCitation> +) and as slice-shaped structures in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAD97AFFA9D1F8C3" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1322,1425,1768,1793]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAD97AFFA97BF8C3" box="[1322,1339,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAB47AFEA9D1F8C3" box="[1351,1425,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFA367AFFA99BF8C2" box="[1477,1499,1769,1793]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA367AFFA996F8C3" box="[1477,1494,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67B1AAE2CF8E0" box="[533,620,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFD887B1DAE8FF8E0" box="[635,719,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 5D</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFCF07B1DAF6BF8E0" box="[771,811,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">11E</figureCitation> +). Based on the morphological variation observed, and the potential influence of environmental factors on the development of the structures, it is somewhat uncertain whether they can be used as a species-specific character. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28346FFF9FDC67CC6A811FE3E" blockId="34.[533,1536,208,509]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"> +Although our study was based on established strains, with the risk of culture condition artefacts affecting the morphology, we regard the present species delineation sound, due to the following: 1) strains were fixed soon after establishment and morphology is thus not very likely affected by artefacts, 2) several of the species are based on strains from separate locations showing the same morphology, 3) observations of field samples made it possible for us to identify the taxa based on the descriptions provided, 4) evaluations with previously published records of species belonging to +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618346FFF9FCFF7D89AF24FE74" box="[780,868,415,439]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08346FFF9FCFF7D89AF24FE74" box="[780,868,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Dicladia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, for which electron micrographs are available (S3 Table) support our observations and 5) the study was performed over a long period, and subsequently established strains confirmed the species descriptions. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53.xml b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c31d4e152dc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53.xml @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +<document id="B622EE7283FFF03E8A12A4C29BBE90E0" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0168887" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5235366" ID-PubMed="28085887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827437" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974433489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Boonprakob, Atchaneey, Gaonkar, Chetan C., Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F., Lange, Carina B., Hernández-Becerril, David, Chen, Zuoyi, Moestrup, Øjvind & Lundholm, Nina" docDate="2017" docId="E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.12.1.e0168887.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0168887) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chaetoceros laevisporus Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="1445FF8C8364FFDBFFF37C16AC40FFC3" masterDocTitle="Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1722015775328" updateUser="ExternalLinkService"> +<mods:mods id="FBACC0DA0B575E3D77659D2BC16C3024" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="30D2868AC562A826A65FEDB447B42A5B"> +<mods:title id="E1377D65FA2B3755158DF10C74E19E30">Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="82D4E2D8E345DE502B6759F57F4937D4" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="B8652EBCE234ACCB6CBAD93530FBFD80"> +<mods:roleTerm id="BA4B9A6D0F7A34B9F1CA497DE0C3F6F6">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B97535459D349E90D4D74AF7C77F77D0">Li, Yang</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="302502DE424AB849B902E786D6F735C3">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="FC9D02D1A5C15FD9B4B93017DDD89D22" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D2078CCD8BA5470D5F23C275F27A0746"> +<mods:roleTerm id="04331F3D578914117C3FCE75D47B8FB5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="F2F099E552B94F16C79F8086337C4616">Boonprakob, Atchaneey</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="621AE110067662D5A9FBAEEA8F6C6459">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="DBAD1154E4EB32E23A0B4622B53D01AE" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D171BF026DB97010C556385DB0EC740F"> +<mods:roleTerm id="940B37AEF533E05C41EDA2EA6C30339D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5D8C5F8337BC451E76427405174A9BFF">Gaonkar, Chetan C.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="9DCC8F47ECDC6770588C1A77E7B85985">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="6F26CB309FF41810236CAFE7AED3A8C5" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9A62C6082EAF9D32E1C29DD14891D0EE"> +<mods:roleTerm id="D8E367386F971DFABFECF483E8F16A0D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="146EF5ACAD72189C44D38A95DCDA11F3">Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="3C0E9CBCD637D55AB18582B669612B8B">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E601BB7B76DE15DB2A4A04D112C325BC" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="5E9F5222DF44F592F860CED2BA94903A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F4A7EC7413EC0D3527DAC098B2DEF5CD">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="4B809B5685697076014CADE51A370CFE">Lange, Carina B.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="3C2CEAEEDF8C0A80633C904293145130">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy, & Department of Oceanography and Center COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="561F460AA4D932EDCB86AA3BAED57F90" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="612EE2A9B4BB122EF51F4C653345C46A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5A3C26DB4D7A91A74B01B40DB7A99EC1">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="446E7056950320ED150CEA84F47EA147">Hernández-Becerril, David</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="D0FB4C7835EE8EE83034A36B878A410E">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="4FE77992285B92D85757D76DDBE1D380" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="94407DB6508D66647E6E40525C01B690"> +<mods:roleTerm id="76A93A59376BFF448618EA4E12285F28">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="694CA799C3380C3199A5C5FE6180B338">Chen, Zuoyi</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="2079CCE38137D618DE1B857D90CFA5FE">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="AB992051C3148BCFB4D8166B75BE8662" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7A2FB1008D2D4BBEB8E1B9F4ADE7D081"> +<mods:roleTerm id="B106E42D152D7440C9E7130B793B9CBA">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="E3E117E25A9060A8EC9D8282777FF7E6">Moestrup, Øjvind</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="C036317D34F3BE3683F4CFAF40DB897C">Section of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="75CBF95C0E5511646B396BB10FC3EDDC" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="B246287061A8D953C54C94A978B913FD"> +<mods:roleTerm id="D50137950057FC4BE95B3D5B7AB1BF25">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="98B753DC13A4CD85B1D1E51A090B0690">Lundholm, Nina</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="D0DB5631C8F609C396757AF78E774E02">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="00A640049A899D6766E2FE7DCE35BBBF">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="823489E93016E40B2ECFCF9AF77AA171" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="AC438449E55656C7C9D4865DB4FEA6D4"> +<mods:title id="E55D259F1E884BADF0A1BAAF80F4C64A">PLoS ONE</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="DB8DE4D9B5597E3115E05B458BE754B5"> +<mods:date id="27E1A9DDF2CE95703D23125613475F1F">2017</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="7D567146BD12C29A12A2BDE21AA5A21D" type="series"> +<mods:title id="2302FBCFDA4DDEF0EEB0308C18E23FFE">e 0168887</mods:title> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="E183C51B6BE926181C17475C50C6241D" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="BC0888AE0FDAC6BDACDFDFF03ADBB2FF">2017-01-13</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="C597CF6067DA08AF651961DC9C71FFFB" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="23425A9C20B3B511C7AE5D51A62142AB">12</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="D47FC617F5F6C2331D69384CBA4DAF5C" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="2ADB63FC98D2022562A102DE4A562734">1</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="F2A62AA2D2D0B83E643A524B8F946DCE" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="2E6B8639B7B38705F8F5721AC34EB382">1</mods:start> +<mods:end id="EF41042A3BCC1D3B30385151DF394C97">38</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="444B18FC0E6C660C83C95176DE325F12">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="73F2B4F42A51C5849622840BEB4729E6" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0168887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="B1B5F6E1283717E9CB5AF2A9EB4449AF" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="4B9C0FA801E4BF8F16D744E8534E084D" type="PMC">PMC5235366</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="DA9C54989E5C0A3BAC3076B74D4955F5" type="PubMed">28085887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="59889190321D9C3BDDF858DBC1098398" type="Zenodo-Dep">12827437</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630684" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87C87F48345FFFAFDE67F43A921FB53" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698345FFFAFDE67F43AF30FCB2" box="[533,880,853,881]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDE67F43AF30FCB2" blockId="33.[533,1536,853,1168]" box="[533,880,853,881]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +<heading id="3B22818E8345FFFAFDE67F43AF30FCB2" box="[533,880,853,881]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="8"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFDE67F43AF30FCB2" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[533,880,853,881]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67F43AF30FCB2" box="[533,880,853,881]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetoceros laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698345FFFAFDE67F90A921FB53" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDE67F90A921FB53" blockId="33.[533,1536,853,1168]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34"> +This is the only species in the +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFCA37F90AFA4FC5E" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[848,996,901,926]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCA37F90AF21FC5E" box="[848,865,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC9F7F93AFA4FC5E" box="[876,996,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +complex with smooth resting spores without processes, and in the phylogenetic tree the strains form a separate branch. The smooth resting spore ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFDAD7FDDAF4DFC20" box="[606,781,971,995]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[128,160,781,800]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,757]" captionTargetId="figure-521@17.[128,1536,208,760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Resting spores of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A) and SEM (B). Resting spores within mother cells of a chain (A) and single, released resting spore (B); strain DY1. A scale bar, 20 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827460/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig 10A and 10B</figureCitation> +) differs markedly from the spores of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB667FDDA969FC20" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1173,1321,971,995]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB667FDDA8E6FC21" box="[1173,1190,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB427FDDA969FC20" box="[1201,1321,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAC57FDDA9CBFC21" box="[1334,1419,971,995]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAC57FDDA907FC21" box="[1334,1351,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAA17FDDA9CBFC21" box="[1362,1419,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFA337FDDAE04FBC6" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA337FDDA991FC21" box="[1472,1489,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA2F7FDDAE04FBC6" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with their dichotomously-branching extensions. Furthermore the apertures are oval-peanut shaped in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD5F7806AF7CFBEB" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[684,828,1040,1064]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD5F7806AEFDFBE4" box="[684,701,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD3B7806AF7CFBEB" box="[712,828,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFCBB7806AFAEFBEB" box="[840,1006,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 8A, 8B, 8D</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFBD17806A80DFBEB" box="[1058,1101,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[128,160,781,800]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,757]" captionTargetId="figure-521@17.[128,1536,208,760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Resting spores of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A) and SEM (B). Resting spores within mother cells of a chain (A) and single, released resting spore (B); strain DY1. A scale bar, 20 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827460/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">10A</figureCitation> +), thus differing from most other taxa in the complex. Seta poroid density is intermediate, 13.8± +<quantity id="A72D9B078345FFFAFBA87825A8D6FB88" box="[1115,1174,1075,1099]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="1.9">1.9 in</quantity> +10 μm as in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAE87825A9CEFB89" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1307,1422,1075,1099]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAE87825A96CFB89" box="[1307,1324,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAC47825A9CEFB89" box="[1335,1422,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598345FFFAFA6C7825A9ADFB88" box="[1439,1517,1075,1099]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +), but different from all the other taxa. Poroid size on the setae was assessed to be c. 0.6 μm, slightly less than in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD17786EAF18FB53" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[740,856,1144,1168]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD17786EAEB5FB4C" box="[740,757,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCF2786FAF18FB53" box="[769,856,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but the poroids were still visible in LM ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFAFF786EA911FB53" box="[1292,1361,1144,1168]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig 8C</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B.xml b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5fafdf90dbb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1617 @@ +<document id="A79735EF7B13398E5650DAA6FA14AA63" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0168887" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5235366" ID-PubMed="28085887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827437" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974433489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Boonprakob, Atchaneey, Gaonkar, Chetan C., Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F., Lange, Carina B., Hernández-Becerril, David, Chen, Zuoyi, Moestrup, Øjvind & Lundholm, Nina" docDate="2017" docId="E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.12.1.e0168887.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0168887) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chaetoceros decipiens Cleve 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="1445FF8C8364FFDBFFF37C16AC40FFC3" masterDocTitle="Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1722015775328" updateUser="ExternalLinkService"> +<mods:mods id="341EA8207BAE3E436EE99F96650ABCF3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="B2D965AE833DA6B101E2D6001ABA02E5"> +<mods:title id="0BF6D920FBFDD9AB2315454101F2612F">Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="F0839CF596E4FBCEB376CFCB6A21DAC7" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="1D3FD5C15E4C8412771F1DCEB24BBC65"> +<mods:roleTerm id="8F4C8C7FE985A8A402C9AA3212EE0075">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="00E83B651AB8917A148F9487A18DE253">Li, Yang</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="AC23D420CD8FD8FC5849628710F589F3">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="AC97593DBE1E33CF7239641A585C7F9E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7964D7967C7E2466DA4A8A79E4814047"> +<mods:roleTerm id="552C6130D6643BB9609C0E00DF13CD1D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="94992E7EE938223985FFF34ECB1052F6">Boonprakob, Atchaneey</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="D72FE6893047E2648DCB265913D721B7">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="21A14016EF2FDC73CB51A232AC6F9368" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="C1D7D8416132FCBDD7388CBB6C9B04F2"> +<mods:roleTerm id="1FFE0578B6B4ED7F09F1169EDEAAB688">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6E88C36A71F98DA1FFE329FA20DEFC64">Gaonkar, Chetan C.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="E14C3A36248276659475B926F4BDF5E4">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="F1CF8BF7F9F84E18229D2C7353922E2F" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="AA8A47AA1BADE9F9DD1C0CB3E54DC143"> +<mods:roleTerm id="DFAB9F3161AC43AD73F21DF43A4B7B9A">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5EA2ECAEBF232FFE2BB01DC9C18001BA">Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="898D1D1A9414049428B61ADF51919FC5">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="F09000E430693262065063431BA05056" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="57023DBB60125A6A96D935DBB945380C"> +<mods:roleTerm id="379A55313C5A5E332A885D26A6481AED">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="9E91DE248B96B872D54E68230EF12523">Lange, Carina B.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="6DCB5EC0B25871870774F832495B9ABB">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy, & Department of Oceanography and Center COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="1119CC9E419F6A16BCD4E6D89E94138D" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="BD6669DD69150DE72D54B46B2CD33583"> +<mods:roleTerm id="FADFF806F35388AE0C8C2D612BC444F6">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0B9896C7238E1435C16321559A8F52E4">Hernández-Becerril, David</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="23205AB6B2A0834F04BC2F5E6C168F80">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E1F5980138AEEED6F462B6D30FC1DA71" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="0D1C20FD386CBACB7AF889B221AA62FA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="ED39ED01428A2E9ECD3669E4217E658F">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="D25A1550A1A2B4BEB15DD992A11A765A">Chen, Zuoyi</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="C24AF19BAEC2C21C9CAFB63AED07BA36">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="C6B36EA006F37F913F074587B8AA7976" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7AAFBC0DC8ACCF6B433139B3411DD06A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="22ADA8D1F21F7CD9E5D8FA509737EDA8">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="400BB24E3939BDFCE863E4B8E0ADD779">Moestrup, Øjvind</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="F88A94A686BCACAC6B52333D0E7A7A6C">Section of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="5C4B78A1A62E6FEDDD7C65019F7ADAD7" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="42ECF6FF8D2C2112A9306792CF37770A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="93FEC40CA88F26738AF3D03BBF2C1E7A">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6E55C778AED3500BF726634439620088">Lundholm, Nina</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="B3C34DB83F7EB97884BB2BCCDD8C2EC7">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="5E27F46D0264FE8AE862E5EAEEFB1A1F">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="2269440FB74BC9388855746668A9C19F" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="BC5AFCC3209993329208A2A86F5B65BC"> +<mods:title id="7A92F0C114C51359614E40A276855C5D">PLoS ONE</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="B8BD644432DC405EAA8F87243267DE98"> +<mods:date id="2F679E3641B2059BEE09C849F2E5B4C7">2017</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="EA010171D3C6D69D66AB499B96C8D754" type="series"> +<mods:title id="AFB8CC395C2F822A428F3143FDBB1EE9">e 0168887</mods:title> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="22B8B4A861C24DA3AE83D6ED5D3E4F7D" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="B06D7EECA6BC18C28B6A2C92EF8368BC">2017-01-13</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="7A39F216058CEAC9CFBC5B13F43610EC" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="E00739ECFBDD959DE5CFAC29EA9D8D92">12</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="F142BA0AB1F60BD7B16B9A3D05322FD3" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="F34B64D264FDC0A8690E09F22C194FFF">1</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="1068B34BB3D42ACFBFF31B4069FC526F" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="6F4A0644A37AB271E34AA3BAD75E5B94">1</mods:start> +<mods:end id="D8D9E647E0C505A36E74ABE965254D77">38</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="7D44FA891E8148DA30800083EFDC8A9E">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="47FF279CBBAA18A832CDDD189161B95A" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0168887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="8BBB9D794FA1585684D129EC3571A62C" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="3D202A9710B6FFBAEA84E1E88EF700BE" type="PMC">PMC5235366</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="BFDBFD89CEE29212B85A8CE0C4259873" type="PubMed">28085887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="44F75D3038D86E963672DBB7520DC7D1" type="Zenodo-Dep">12827437</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630658" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<heading id="3B22818E8360FFDFFDE67F93A820FC02" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="9"> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698360FFDFFDE67F93AEDFFC02" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFDE67F93AEDFFC02" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618360FFDFFDE67F93AFFBFC5D" ID-CoL="TB3X" authority="Cleve 1873, p. 11" authorityName="Cleve" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1873" box="[533,955,901,926]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08360FFDFFDE67F93AF42FC5E" bold="true" box="[533,770,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chaetoceros decipiens</emphasis> +Cleve 1873, p. 11 +</taxonomicName> +, Pl. I, fig 5a & 5b, emend. Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698360FFDFFD567FBFA864FA47" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFD567FBFA820FC02" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" box="[677,1120,937,961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFD567FBFAEBEFC02" box="[677,766,937,961]" captionStart-0="Fig 1" captionStart-1="Fig 2" captionStart-2="Fig 3" captionStartId-0="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionStartId-1="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionStartId-2="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox-0="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetBox-1="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetBox-2="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId-0="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetId-1="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetId-2="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" captionText-1="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" captionText-2="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +Figs 1– +<geoCoordinate id="05E150258360FFDFFD027FBFAEBEFC02" box="[753,766,937,961]" degrees="3, 20" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="555" value="3.2">3</geoCoordinate> +</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFCFA7FBFAF91FC02" box="[777,977,937,961]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20E and 20F and S</figureCitation> +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFC227FBFAF9BFC02" box="[977,987,937,961]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</figureCitation> +and S +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFBE87FBFA868FC02" box="[1051,1064,937,961]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</figureCitation> +Figs. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFDC67FDDA84AFC20" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" box="[565,1034,971,995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +Synonym: +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618360FFDFFD547FDDA84AFC20" authority="Schutt 1895" authorityName="Schutt" authorityYear="1895" box="[679,1034,971,995]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="grunowii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08360FFDFFD547FDDAFC7FC20" box="[679,903,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chaetoceros grunowii</emphasis> +Schütt 1895 +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFDC67FF8AE3CFBAD" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<materialsCitation id="D0BD3CBF8360FFDFFDC67FF8AE3CFBAD" collectionCode="MIC, T" country="Sweden" location="Cleve's" municipality="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Stockholm" typeStatus="lectotype"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408360FFDFFDC67FF8AEDDFBC5" box="[565,669,1006,1030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus> +designated here. A holotype was not chosen by Cleve. We have chosen slide +<collectionCode id="06C4AE278360FFDFFDE67807AE06FBEA" box="[533,582,1041,1065]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/is9g-wzwv" name="Mar Ivanios College (Zoology museum)" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MIC</collectionCode> +<quantity id="A72D9B078360FFDFFDB47807AED7FBEA" box="[583,663,1041,1065]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.362964" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="5366.0">5366 in</quantity> +P. +<collectionCode id="06C4AE278360FFDFFD427807AE84FBEA" box="[689,708,1041,1065]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T</collectionCode> +. +<location id="650A60398360FFDFFD3E7807AF57FBEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A60398360FFDFFD3E7807AF57FBEA" box="[717,791,1041,1065]" country="Sweden" municipality="The" name="Cleve's" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Stockholm">Cleve’s</location> +collection, Stockholm, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728360FFDFFBE37807A822FBEA" box="[1040,1122,1041,1065]" name="Sweden" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sweden</collectingCountry> +as the lectotype. +<collectingMunicipality id="800EAC988360FFDFFAE57807A900FBEA" box="[1302,1344,1041,1065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The</collectingMunicipality> +slide is labelled “Atlanten ytan 27/5-71 Lat 60˚25 Long 19˚50 ThM Fries”. +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFB8C7825A8B7FB88" box="[1151,1271,1075,1099]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1A, 1B</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFAD87825A90AFB88" box="[1323,1354,1075,1099]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2A</figureCitation> +illustrate the lectotype. +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFDC6786FAE36FAA2" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +Examination of the +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408360FFDFFCF4786FAF74FB52" box="[775,820,1145,1169]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus> +material revealed the morphology to be in agreement with Cleve’s description and with our strains identified as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618360FFDFFC05788AA830FB70" box="[1014,1136,1179,1203]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08360FFDFFC05788AA847FB70" box="[1014,1031,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08360FFDFFBE1788DA830FB70" box="[1042,1136,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The Cleve material from the North Atlantic and the Davis Strait looked similar. Most prominently some sibling setae were found to fuse for a longer distance; however, in others no fusion was seen. A very delicate striation of the setae was observed, in agreement with Cleve [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138360FFDFFBD37915A86DFAD8" author="Cleve PT" box="[1056,1069,1283,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref17709" refString="7. Cleve PT. On diatoms from the Arctic Sea. Bihang till K Svenska Vet-Akad Handlingar. 1873; 1: 1 - 28" type="journal article" year="1873">7</bibRefCitation> +]. We did not at first observe the striation in our cultured material, but a closer examination showed a similar and extremely delicate striation. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFDC6797AA864FA47" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" box="[565,1060,1388,1412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality: North Atlantic 60˚25’N 19˚50’W</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</heading> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698360FFCFFDC67998AF62F91A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFDC67998AED5F9F2" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +<materialsCitation id="D0BD3CBF8360FFDFFDC67998AED1F9F2" collectionCode="LSU" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" latitude="67.905" location="The" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-4.3238" municipality="Natural History Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="Epitype"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408360FFDFFDC67998AEC6FA65" box="[565,646,1422,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="epitype">Epitype</typeStatus> +designated here: Glutaraldehyde-fixed material of strain P10E5 isolated from the Norwegian Sea ( +<geoCoordinate id="05E150258360FFDFFD3179A7AF6CFA0A" box="[706,812,1457,1481]" degrees="67,9050" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="5" value="67.905">67,9050N</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="05E150258360FFDFFCC579A7AFDAFA0A" box="[822,922,1457,1481]" degrees="4.3238" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="5" value="-4.3238">4.3238W</geoCoordinate> +). +<location id="650A60398360FFDFFC5979A7AF94FA0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A60398360FFDFFC5979A7AF94FA0A" box="[938,980,1457,1481]" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" latitude="67.905" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-4.3238" municipality="Natural History Museum" name="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The</location> +material has been deposited at the +<collectingMunicipality id="800EAC988360FFDFFAB579A7AE34FA2F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Natural History Museum</collectingMunicipality> +of +<collectingCountry id="18C276728360FFDFFD6679C2AEBDFA2F" box="[661,765,1492,1516]" name="Denmark" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Denmark</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCounty id="890B4E6E8360FFDFFCF479C2AFCEFA2F" box="[775,910,1492,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Copenhagen</collectingCounty> +(C-A-92068). +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFBDB79C2A882FA2F" box="[1064,1218,1492,1516]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 1C and 1D</figureCitation> +illustrate the epitype. A sequence of D1-D3 +<collectionCode id="06C4AE278360FFDFFD1479E0AF56F9CD" box="[743,790,1526,1550]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode> +rDNA represents the epitype (Genbank accession number KX065223) +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28360FFDFFDC67A2AA9A0F8AA" blockId="4.[533,1532,901,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5"> +Emended description: Chains are usually straight, sometimes slightly arc-shaped curved ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFDED7A48AF45F9B5" box="[542,773,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 1A, 1C, 1E and 1F</figureCitation> +). In broad girdle view, the cells are quadrangular or rectangular ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFA4B7A48AE9EF95A" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 1A, 1B and 1D–1G</figureCitation> +) sometimes with the apical axis longer than the pervalvar axis ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFA8F7A97A9FEF95A" box="[1404,1470,1665,1689]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 1F</figureCitation> +), sometimes the reverse ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFCFC7AB5AFBAF978" box="[783,1018,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 1B, 1D, 1E and 1G</figureCitation> +). Solitary cells also occur ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFAE77AB5A91AF978" box="[1300,1370,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 3A</figureCitation> +). Several (3– 12) chloroplasts are present in each cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFC307AD0A814F91D" box="[963,1108,1734,1758]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 1E and 1F</figureCitation> +). In valve view, valves are broadly elliptical to round-oval; the valve face is saddle-shaped ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFBC07AFFA8C2F8C2" box="[1075,1154,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFB467AFFA891F8C2" box="[1205,1233,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3B</figureCitation> +), the central region slightly raised and higher than the valve face margin. A silica rib along the valve face margin is broadly arcshaped ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFD7D7B38AE9CF885" box="[654,732,1838,1862]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFCFC7B38AF6CF885" box="[783,812,1838,1862]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3B</figureCitation> +). On the valve face, the costae diverge while anastomosing from a central annulus, with solitary poroids scattered between the costae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678360FFDFFB127B47A969F8AA" box="[1249,1321,1873,1897]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 2H</figureCitation> +). The intercalary +</paragraph> +<caption id="34AA666A8361FFDEFE4C7AF5AF40F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" targetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28361FFDEFE4C7AF5A988F898" blockId="5.[447,1533,1763,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08361FFDEFE4C7AF5AF63F935" bold="true" box="[447,803,1763,1782]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6"> +Fig 1. LM of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618361FFDEFDCB7AF5AF5DF935" box="[568,797,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08361FFDEFDCB7AF5AF5DF935" bold="true" box="[568,797,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chaetoceros decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28361FFDEFE4C7B67AF40F847" blockId="5.[447,1533,1763,1924]" box="[447,768,1905,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A8362FFDDFF7379CEAD82F9A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" targetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28362FFDDFF7379CEA882F9F4" blockId="6.[128,1530,1496,1632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08362FFDDFF7379CEADE9FA28" bold="true" box="[128,425,1496,1515]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +Fig 2. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618362FFDDFF4E79CEADE2FA28" box="[189,418,1496,1515]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08362FFDDFF4E79CEADE2FA28" bold="true" box="[189,418,1496,1515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chaetoceros decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28362FFDDFF737A5BAD82F9A3" blockId="6.[128,1530,1496,1632]" box="[128,450,1613,1632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="606A36E28362FFDDFDE67A88A81BF91A" blockId="6.[533,1535,1694,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +valve corners touch those of the adjacent cells ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678362FFDDFBF57A88A886F975" box="[1030,1222,1694,1718]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1B and 1D–1F</figureCitation> +). The apertures are variable, narrow slit-like oval to hexagonal ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678362FFDDFC757AD7A80BF91A" box="[902,1099,1729,1753]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1B and 1D–1G</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28362FFD3FDC67AF5A997FE56" blockId="6.[533,1535,1694,1891]" lastBlockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +Setae are stiff and extend from the corners of the cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678362FFDDFB9C7AF5A89EF938" box="[1135,1246,1763,1787]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1A–1F</figureCitation> +). All setae of a chain are located more or less in the apical plane (Brunel group I) [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138362FFDDFB817B10A8CBF8DD" author="Brunel J." box="[1138,1163,1798,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="315 - 327" refId="ref18662" refString="34. Brunel J. Orientation of setae in the genus Chaetoceros, in regard to the apical axis. J Mar Biol Ass India. 1972; 14: 315 - 327" type="journal article" year="1972">34</bibRefCitation> +] ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678362FFDDFB507B10A958F8DD" box="[1187,1304,1798,1822]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1A–1D</figureCitation> +), sometimes diverging very slightly from the apical plane ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678362FFDDFC417B3FAFB5F882" box="[946,1013,1833,1857]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1E</figureCitation> +). Sibling setae cross over just outside the chain border and may fuse for a shorter or longer distance ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678362FFDDFBB97B5DA88AF8A0" box="[1098,1226,1867,1891]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 1A–1D</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678362FFDDFB257B5DA904F8A0" box="[1238,1348,1867,1891]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3B and 3C</figureCitation> +). The setae lack a basal part ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFD7B7AB4AF44F979" box="[648,772,1698,1722]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 1B, 1D</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFCCB7AB4AF15F979" box="[824,853,1698,1722]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3C</figureCitation> +). The extent of fusion varies even within a single chain and between the two sides of adjacent cells ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFC4B7AD3A840F91E" box="[952,1024,1733,1757]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 1D</figureCitation> +, arrowheads, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFB607AD3A897F91E" box="[1171,1239,1733,1757]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 3B</figureCitation> +). The terminal setae diverge, forming an open U ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFCBB7AF1AFACF93C" box="[840,1004,1767,1791]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 1A, 1C, 1F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFBEC7AF1A87EF93C" box="[1055,1086,1767,1791]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3A</figureCitation> +). On the intercalary valve, a silica membrane of variable size is present at the margin of the apertures, forming a continuation of the marginal silica rib. The membranes of sibling cells may overlap to form a junction between the cells ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFDA17B59AED5F8A4" box="[594,661,1871,1895]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 3B</figureCitation> +, arrow, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678363FFDCFD1F7B59AF71F8A4" box="[748,817,1871,1895]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 3C</figureCitation> +). Silica fringes are present on the mantle below the membranes ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FDED7CC6AE24FF2B" box="[542,612,208,232]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 3C</figureCitation> +, arrowhead) and are more distinct on the terminal valves, sometimes with long protuberances ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FD727CE4AE84FEC9" box="[641,708,242,266]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2F</figureCitation> +, arrowheads, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FCA47CE4AFDEFEC9" box="[855,926,242,266]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 3A</figureCitation> +). Four to six rows of poroids and spines are arranged in longitudinal rows along the setae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FC727D03AFB0FEEE" box="[897,1008,277,301]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2C–2E</figureCitation> +). The poroids are round-oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FACA7D03A9E8FEEE" box="[1337,1448,277,301]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2C–2E</figureCitation> +), 0.3 ±0.1 μm long in size and with a density of 19.0±6.7 poroids in 10 μm (n>50). Sometimes a striation is visible under LM ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FCDE7D4CAF33FEB1" box="[813,883,346,370]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2A</figureCitation> +), sometimes not ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FBC07D4CA837FEB1" box="[1075,1143,346,370]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2B</figureCitation> +), not reflecting poroid density, but more or less similar to the density of the spines ( +<tableCitation id="2D570359836CFFD3FBE77D6BA822FE56" box="[1044,1122,381,405]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +). All setae have the same structure. +</paragraph> +<caption id="34AA666A8363FFDCFF7379EAAD82F9A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" targetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28363FFDCFF7379EAAE5AF982" blockId="7.[128,1485,1532,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08363FFDCFF7379EAADE9F9CC" bold="true" box="[128,425,1532,1551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +Fig 3. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618363FFDCFF4E79EAADE2F9CC" box="[189,418,1532,1551]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08363FFDCFF4E79EAADE2F9CC" bold="true" box="[189,418,1532,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chaetoceros decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28363FFDCFF737A41AD82F9A9" blockId="7.[128,1485,1532,1642]" box="[128,450,1623,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67DB6A90DFD4B" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +A single rimoportula without an external tube is situated centrally on the terminal valve ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FDED7DD4AE1CFE19" box="[542,604,450,474]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2I</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). No processes were observed on the intercalary valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FADF7DD4A935FE19" box="[1324,1397,450,474]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2H</figureCitation> +). Sometimes, V-shaped non-silicified protrusions can be seen in LM centrally on the terminal valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FDED7E1EAE25FDE3" box="[542,613,520,544]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 1G</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). In LM, a constriction is visible at the border between the mantle and the girdle bands ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FD547E3CAF7FFD81" box="[679,831,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 1B and 1D</figureCitation> +, arrows), and the mantle occupies approximately one third of the pervalvar axis. The mantle has narrow parallel rows of costae separated by single rows of poroids ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FDA27E66AED8FD4B" box="[593,664,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 3D</figureCitation> +). Silica warts are present on the basal ring of the mantle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FB047E66A97EFD4B" box="[1271,1342,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2G</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67E84A980FD33" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +The girdle bands have parallel costae separated by single rows of scattered poroids ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FA547E84A9A4FD69" box="[1447,1508,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2J</figureCitation> +). The apical axis of the valve is 7.8–64.3 μm long, the pervalvar axis 7.8–78.9 μm long, the length of the aperture in the pervalvar axis 3.3–15.1 μm (n>100). No resting spores were found. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67EECAFECFC9B" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sexual reproduction was observed, and was thus homothallic (S1 and S2 Figs). Auxospores adhered to the girdle of the mother cell (S1 and S2 Figs, arrows). New daughter cells achieved a larger apical axis of the valves (S2 Fig).</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67F74AF76FBEB" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +Geographical distribution: Davis Strait, North Atlantic [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FB757F74A8D3FCB9" author="Cleve PT" box="[1158,1171,866,890]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref17709" refString="7. Cleve PT. On diatoms from the Arctic Sea. Bihang till K Svenska Vet-Akad Handlingar. 1873; 1: 1 - 28" type="journal article" year="1873">7</bibRefCitation> +]; Disko Bay, +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FAD37F74A9D1FCB9" box="[1312,1425,866,890]" name="Greenland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Greenland</collectingCountry> +(April, present study); +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FD4B7F93AF5EFC5E" box="[696,798,901,925]" name="Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Denmark</collectingCountry> +Strait; Beaufort Sea; Norwegian Sea; +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FB557F93A94CFC5E" box="[1190,1292,901,925]" name="Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Denmark</collectingCountry> +(April, present study; most of the year with a maximum in spring [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FC1C7FBEAFBCFC03" author="Jensen KG & Moestrup O." box="[1007,1020,936,960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 68" refId="ref17764" refString="9. Jensen KG, Moestrup O. The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in inner Danish coastal waters. Opera Bot. 1998; 133: 5 - 68" type="journal article" year="1998">9</bibRefCitation> +]); Narragansett Bay of Rhode Island [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FA7E7FBEA9E6FC03" author="Rines JEB & Hargraves PE" box="[1421,1446,936,960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 196" refId="ref17794" refString="10. Rines JEB, Hargraves PE. The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Bibl Phycol. 1988; 79: 5 - 196" type="journal article" year="1988">10</bibRefCitation> +]; Gulf of Naples, +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FD767FDCAEF4FC21" box="[645,692,970,994]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Italy</collectingCountry> +([ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FD3F7FDCAEA5FC21" author="Kooistra WHCF & Sarno D & Hernandez-Becerril DU & Assmy P & Prisco CD & Montresor M." box="[716,741,970,994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="471 - 500" refId="ref18695" refString="35. Kooistra WHCF, Sarno D, Hernandez-Becerril DU, Assmy P, Prisco CD, Montresor M. Comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of taxa in the Chaetocerataceae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia. 2010; 49: 471 - 500" type="journal article" year="2010">35</bibRefCitation> +], present study); Peter the Great Bay, Sea of +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FB487FDCA8B7FC21" box="[1211,1271,970,994]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Japan</collectingCountry> +[ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FAF57FDCA95FFC21" author="Shevchenko OG & Orlova TYu & Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[1286,1311,970,994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="236 - 258" refId="ref17916" refString="13. Shevchenko OG, Orlova TYu, Hernandez-Becerril DU. The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta) from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Bot Mar. 2006; 49: 236 - 258" type="journal article" year="2006">13</bibRefCitation> +]; Japanese coast [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FDED7FFBAE77FBC6" author="Okuno H." box="[542,567,1005,1029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="182 - 200" refId="ref18739" refString="36. Okuno H. Electron microscopical study on fine structure of diatom frustules. XIV. Observation on the genus Chaetoceros. Bot Mag, Tokyo. 1956; 69: 182 - 200" type="journal article" year="1956">36</bibRefCitation> +]; Pacific coast of +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FD037FFBAF7FFBC6" box="[752,831,1005,1029]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry> +[ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FCBC7FFBAF28FBC6" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[847,872,1005,1029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17876" refString="12. Hernandez-Becerril DU. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot). 1996; 26: 1 - 73" type="journal article" year="1996">12</bibRefCitation> +]; southern Gulf of +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FBC17FFBA8C1FBC6" box="[1074,1153,1005,1029]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry> +[ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836CFFD3FB627FFBA8EAFBC6" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU & Flores Granados C." box="[1169,1194,1005,1029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="505 - 519" refId="ref17987" refString="15. Hernandez-Becerril DU, Flores Granados C. Species of the diatom genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in the plankton from the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Bot Mar. 1998; 41: 505 - 519" type="journal article" year="1998">15</bibRefCitation> +]; Daya Bay, south +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FA837FFBA9F1FBC6" box="[1392,1457,1005,1029]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry> +(December, present study). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67824A934FB89" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,1396,1074,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836CFFD3FDC67824A8FBFB89" authority="Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityName="Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[565,1211,1074,1098]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836CFFD3FDC67824AF4DFB89" bold="true" box="[565,781,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chaetoceros elegans</emphasis> +Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B836CFFD3FB327824A955FB89" box="[1217,1301,1074,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836CFFD3FB327824A94FFB89" bold="true" box="[1217,1295,1074,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FAE87824A934FB89" box="[1307,1396,1074,1098]" captionStart-0="Fig 4" captionStart-1="Fig 5" captionStart-2="Fig 6" captionStart-3="Fig 7" captionStartId-0="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionStartId-1="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionStartId-2="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionStartId-3="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetBox-2="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId-0="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetId-1="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetId-2="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetId-3="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" captionText-1="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" captionText-2="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" captionText-3="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 4–7</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67843A9D3F9F3" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Formal diagnosis: Straight chains or solitary cells. Four to ten chloroplasts typically present in each cell. Apical axis 11.7–39.7 μm. Pervalvar axis 8.9–42.2 μm. Aperture in pervalvar axis 4.4–14.5 μm. Cells quadrangular in girdle view. Saddle-shaped valve face. Central annulus, diverging costae and scattered poroids on valve face, continuing onto mantle. Silica rib on the valve face edge. A rimoportula present on the terminal valve. Furrow above the basal ring of mantle. Large and rounded, quadrangular-rectangular apertures. Setae in the apical plane. Basal part of setae extend in the pervalvar direction. Sibling setae cross over outside chain border without fusing. Terminal setae diverge in direction of chain. Silica ear-like structures present on base of setae. Four to six rows of poroids and spines on the four-six sided setae. Tear-shaped to elongate poroids on setae, ca. 0.5±0.2 μm in size and 17.8±5.4 poroids in 10 μm. Several bands, each band with parallel costae and scattered poroids. Resting spore with smooth surface. The primary valve extends into two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes. The secondary valve with one or two bulges. The angle of the outer slope of the elevation is acute. Length of elevation is 1–2 times longer than the branching processes.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67A2CAEB0F979" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +<materialsCitation id="D0BD3CBF836CFFD3FDC67A2CAEB0F979" collectionCode="LSU" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" location="Glutaraldehyde-fixed" municipality="Natural History Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840836CFFD3FDC67A2CAEDBF991" box="[565,667,1594,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +: +<location id="650A6039836CFFD3FD577A2CAFC6F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A6039836CFFD3FD577A2CAFC6F991" box="[676,902,1594,1618]" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" municipality="Natural History Museum" name="Glutaraldehyde-fixed" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Glutaraldehyde-fixed</location> +material of strain YL7 deposited at the +<collectingMunicipality id="800EAC98836CFFD3FAD47A2CAE34F9B6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Natural History Museum</collectingMunicipality> +of +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FD667A4BAEBDF9B6" box="[661,765,1629,1653]" name="Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Denmark</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCounty id="890B4E6E836CFFD3FCF57A4BAFCDF9B6" box="[774,909,1629,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Copenhagen</collectingCounty> +(C-A-92069). +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FBD47A4BA8E5F9B6" box="[1063,1189,1629,1653]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 4A–4D</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FB427A4BA8BFF9B6" box="[1201,1279,1629,1653]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5D–5G</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FAC17A4BA9DEF9B6" box="[1330,1438,1629,1653]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6A–6C, H</figureCitation> +illustrate the holotype. A sequence of D1-D3 +<collectionCode id="06C4AE27836CFFD3FC7C7A96AFFEF95B" box="[911,958,1664,1688]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode> +rDNA represents the holotype (Genbank accession number KX065232). +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67AD3A884F91E" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,1220,1733,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +<materialsCitation id="D0BD3CBF836CFFD3FDC67AD3A880F91E" box="[565,1216,1733,1757]" collectionCode="R" country="China" location="Dapeng Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong"> +Type locality: +<location id="650A6039836CFFD3FD3A7AD3AF0BF91E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A6039836CFFD3FD3A7AD3AF0BF91E" box="[713,843,1733,1757]" country="China" name="Dapeng Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Guangdong">Dapeng Bay</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="A211F800836CFFD3FCA57AD3A87BF91E" box="[854,1083,1733,1757]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion> +, P. +<collectionCode id="06C4AE27836CFFD3FBAC7AD3A832F91E" box="[1119,1138,1733,1757]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode> +. +<collectingCountry id="18C27672836CFFD3FB8F7AD3A880F91E" box="[1148,1216,1733,1757]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry> +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD3FDC67AFEAEEFF8E1" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology: referring to the characteristic very elegant overall look of the chains and the resting spores.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836CFFD2FDC67B3BA850FA25" blockId="8.[533,1536,208,1896]" lastBlockId="9.[533,1536,1209,1892]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +The chains are straight and stiff ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FC627B3BAF98F886" box="[913,984,1837,1861]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 4A</figureCitation> +). Cells are quadrangular in broad girdle view ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FA357B3BAE23F8AB" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 4A–4D</figureCitation> +). Solitary cells also occur ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836CFFD3FC8F7B46AF80F8AB" box="[892,960,1872,1896]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 4B</figureCitation> +). Typically four to ten chloroplasts are present within each cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FD8D78AFAE84FB12" box="[638,708,1209,1233]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 4C</figureCitation> +). The valves are broadly elliptical to round-oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FB3E78AFA953FB12" box="[1229,1299,1209,1233]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5A</figureCitation> +) with a saddle-shaped valve face, as the central region is slightly raised ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FBE978CDA8C7FB30" box="[1050,1159,1243,1267]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5B–5E</figureCitation> +). The valve face edge is broadly arc shaped and marked by an elevated silica rib ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FC0378E8A81DFAD5" box="[1008,1117,1278,1302]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5B–5E</figureCitation> +). On the valve face, costae diverge from a central annulus, with poroids scattered in between ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FB757937A888FAFA" box="[1158,1224,1313,1337]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5F</figureCitation> +). A constriction is visible at the border between the mantle and the girdle bands ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FBB47955A8CEFA98" box="[1095,1166,1347,1371]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 4D</figureCitation> +, arrows). The mantle occupies nearly one third of the pervalvar axis, and is ornamented with narrow parallel rows of costae interspersed by single rows of poroids ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FC46799FAFBDFA62" box="[949,1021,1417,1441]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5G</figureCitation> +). A ring-shaped furrow is present above the basal ring of the mantle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FCEE79BDAF9EFA00" box="[797,990,1451,1475]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5B–5E and 5G</figureCitation> +arrowhead). Apertures are large and rounded quadrangular-rectangular ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FCC679D8AFC6FA25" box="[821,902,1486,1510]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4C</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FC6179D8A840FA25" box="[914,1024,1486,1510]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5B and 5C</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" ID-Table-UUID="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" box="[96,1410,208,227]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[96,151,208,227]" targetBox="[96,1506,247,1103]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" blockId="9.[96,1410,208,227]" box="[96,1410,208,227]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FD9F7CC6AEA7FF20" box="[620,743,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FD9F7CC6AE3BFF20" bold="true" box="[620,635,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FD757CC6AEA7FF20" bold="true" box="[646,743,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FD017CC6AF1AFF20" authorityName="Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[754,858,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FD017CC6AF41FF20" bold="true" box="[754,769,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FCF87CC6AF1AFF20" bold="true" box="[779,858,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FC977CC6AFB3FF20" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[868,1011,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FC977CC6AF33FF20" bold="true" box="[868,883,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FC8D7CC6AFB3FF20" bold="true" box="[894,1011,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FC0D7CC6A827FF20" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1022,1127,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FC0D7CC6A84DFF20" bold="true" box="[1022,1037,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FBE47CC6A827FF20" bold="true" box="[1047,1127,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FB827CC6A8FFFF20" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1856" box="[1137,1215,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FB827CC6A8C0FF20" bold="true" box="[1137,1152,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FB787CC6A8FFFF20" bold="true" box="[1163,1215,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FB1E7CC6A93CFF20" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1261,1404,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FB1E7CC6A8BCFF20" bold="true" box="[1261,1276,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FAF47CC6A93CFF20" bold="true" box="[1287,1404,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836DFFD2FF937CE1AD3EFB8C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<table id="12D5C442836D0024FF937CE1A9A2FB8C" box="[96,1506,247,1103]" gridcols="7" gridrows="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937CE1A9A2FEE7" box="[96,1506,247,292]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937CE1AD0DFEE7" box="[96,333,247,292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FF937CE1AC83FEC9" bold="true" box="[96,195,247,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Character</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977CE1ADA0FEE7" box="[356,480,247,292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FE977CE1ADA0FEC9" box="[356,480,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FE977CE1ADA0FEC9" bold="true" box="[356,480,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +C. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FE8D7CE1ADA0FEC9" bold="true" box="[382,480,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">decipiens</emphasis> +</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97CE1AEDDFEE7" box="[538,669,247,292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FDD47CE1AED0FEC9" authorityName="Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[551,656,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FDD47CE1AED0FEC9" bold="true" box="[551,656,247,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FDD47CE1AE76FEC9" bold="true" box="[551,566,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FDB27CE1AED0FEC9" bold="true" box="[577,656,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">elegans</emphasis> +</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7CE1AF2EFEE7" box="[734,878,247,292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FD2D7CE1AF2EFEC9" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[734,878,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FD2D7CE1AF2EFEC9" bold="true" box="[734,878,247,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FD2D7CE1AEADFEC9" bold="true" box="[734,749,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FD0B7CE1AF2EFEC9" bold="true" box="[760,878,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">laevisporus</emphasis> +</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797CE1AFB5FEE7" box="[906,1013,247,292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FC797CE1AFB5FEC9" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[906,1013,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FC797CE1AFB5FEC9" bold="true" box="[906,1013,247,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FC797CE1AFD9FEC9" bold="true" box="[906,921,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FC577CE1AFB5FEC9" bold="true" box="[932,1013,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mannaii</emphasis> +</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87CE1A8B3FEE7" box="[1035,1267,247,292]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FBAB7CE1A8E6FEC9" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1856" box="[1112,1190,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FBAB7CE1A8E6FEC9" bold="true" box="[1112,1190,247,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FBAB7CE1A827FEC9" bold="true" box="[1112,1127,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FB817CE1A8E6FEC9" bold="true" box="[1138,1190,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mitra</emphasis> +</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27CE1A9A2FEE7" box="[1313,1506,247,292]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FAD27CE1A9E9FEE7" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836DFFD2FAD27CE1A9F1FEC9" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1313,1457,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FAD27CE1A970FEC9" bold="true" box="[1313,1328,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836DFFD2FAC87CE1A9F1FEC9" bold="true" box="[1339,1457,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +type material +</emphasis> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937D25A9A2FE85" box="[96,1506,307,326]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937D25AD0DFE85" box="[96,333,307,326]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Seta poroid shape</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977D25ADA0FE85" box="[356,480,307,326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">round-oval</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97D25AEDDFE85" box="[538,669,307,326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">tear-shaped</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7D25AF2EFE85" box="[734,878,307,326]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">round-oval</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797D25AFB5FE85" box="[906,1013,307,326]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">oval</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87D25A8B3FE85" box="[1035,1267,307,326]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">round-oval</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27D25A9A2FE85" box="[1313,1506,307,326]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">round</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937D43A9A2FEAB" box="[96,1506,341,360]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937D43AD0DFEAB" box="[96,333,341,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Seta poroid size (μm)</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977D43ADA0FEAB" box="[356,480,341,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.1–0.6</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97D43AEDDFEAB" box="[538,669,341,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.2–1.3</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7D43AF2EFEAB" box="[734,878,341,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.3–0.9</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797D43AFB5FEAB" box="[906,1013,341,360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.4–1.2</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87D43A8B3FEAB" box="[1035,1267,341,360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.1–0.3</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27D43A9A2FEAB" box="[1313,1506,341,360]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n.d.</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937D60A9A2FE4A" box="[96,1506,374,393]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1"> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977D60ADA0FE4A" box="[356,480,374,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(0.3±0.1)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97D60AEDDFE4A" box="[538,669,374,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(0.5±0.2)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7D60AF2EFE4A" box="[734,878,374,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.6±0.1</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797D60AFB5FE4A" box="[906,1013,374,393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.7±0.2</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87D60A8B3FE4A" box="[1035,1267,374,393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.2±0.1</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937D81A9A2FE69" box="[96,1506,407,426]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937D81AD0DFE69" box="[96,333,407,426]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Seta poroid number in</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977D81ADA0FE69" box="[356,480,407,426]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14–38</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97D81AEDDFE69" box="[538,669,407,426]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7–29</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7D81AF2EFE69" box="[734,878,407,426]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11–17</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797D81AFB5FE69" box="[906,1013,407,426]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11–15</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87D81A8B3FE69" box="[1035,1267,407,426]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">30–56</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27D81A9A2FE69" box="[1313,1506,407,426]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5–9</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937DA6A9A2FE0F" box="[96,1506,432,460]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937DA6AD0DFE0F" box="[96,333,432,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10 μm</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977DA6ADA0FE0F" box="[356,480,432,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(19.0±6.7)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97DA6AEDDFE0F" box="[538,669,432,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.8±5.4</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7DA6AF2EFE0F" box="[734,878,432,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13.8±1.9</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797DA6AFB5FE0F" box="[906,1013,432,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12.3±1.6</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87DA6A8B3FE0F" box="[1035,1267,432,460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">39.8±7.4</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27DA6A9A2FE0F" box="[1313,1506,432,460]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.2±1.7</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937DCCA9A2FE2E" box="[96,1506,474,493]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937DCCAD0DFE2E" box="[96,333,474,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brunel group</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977DCCADA0FE2E" box="[356,480,474,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97DCCAEDDFE2E" box="[538,669,474,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7DCCAF2EFE2E" box="[734,878,474,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797DCCAFB5FE2E" box="[906,1013,474,493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87DCCA8B3FE2E" box="[1035,1267,474,493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27DCCA9A2FE2E" box="[1313,1506,474,493]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937DEDA9A2FDEB" box="[96,1506,507,552]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937DEDAD0DFDEB" box="[96,333,507,552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fusion of seta bases</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977DEDADA0FDEB" box="[356,480,507,552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">present/ absent</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97DEDAEDDFDEB" box="[538,669,507,552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">absent</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7DEDAF2EFDEB" box="[734,878,507,552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">absent</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797DEDAFB5FDEB" box="[906,1013,507,552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">absent</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87DEDA8B3FDEB" box="[1035,1267,507,552]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">absent</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27DEDA9A2FDEB" box="[1313,1506,507,552]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">present</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937E20A9A2FDA1" box="[96,1506,566,610]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937E20AD0DFDA1" box="[96,333,566,610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Resting spore</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977E20ADA0FDA1" box="[356,480,566,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">unknown</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97E20AEDDFDA1" box="[538,669,566,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">two branching processes</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7E20AF2EFDA1" box="[734,878,566,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">smooth</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797E20AFB5FDA1" box="[906,1013,566,610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">unknown</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87E20A8B3FDA1" box="[1035,1267,566,610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">two branching processes</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27E20A9A2FDA1" box="[1313,1506,566,610]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">two branching processes?</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937E67A9A2FD5E" box="[96,1506,625,669]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937E67AD0DFD5E" box="[96,333,625,669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aperture shape</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977E67ADA0FD5E" box="[356,480,625,669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ovalhexagonal</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97E67AEDDFD5E" box="[538,669,625,669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">rounded quadrangular</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7E67AF2EFD5E" box="[734,878,625,669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">oval peanutshaped</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797E67AFB5FD5E" box="[906,1013,625,669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hexagonal</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87E67A8B3FD5E" box="[1035,1267,625,669]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">oval-hexagonal, peanut shaped</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27E67A9A2FD5E" box="[1313,1506,625,669]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">oval-hexagonal</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937EBDA9A2FD1B" box="[96,1506,683,728]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937EBDAD0DFD1B" box="[96,333,683,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aperture/pervalvar axis index</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977EBDADA0FD1B" box="[356,480,683,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.5</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97EBDAEDDFD1B" box="[538,669,683,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.5</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7EBDAF2EFD1B" box="[734,878,683,728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.4</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797EBDAFB5FD1B" box="[906,1013,683,728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.3</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87EBDA8B3FD1B" box="[1035,1267,683,728]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.2</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27EBDA9A2FD1B" box="[1313,1506,683,728]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.5–1.0</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937EF0A9A2FD3A" box="[96,1506,742,761]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937EF0AD0DFD3A" box="[96,333,742,761]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basal part of setae</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977EF0ADA0FD3A" box="[356,480,742,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lacking</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97EF0AEDDFD3A" box="[538,669,742,761]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">present</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7EF0AF2EFD3A" box="[734,878,742,761]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lacking</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797EF0AFB5FD3A" box="[906,1013,742,761]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">present</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87EF0A8B3FD3A" box="[1035,1267,742,761]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lacking</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27EF0A9A2FD3A" box="[1313,1506,742,761]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">present</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937F11A9A2FCD9" box="[96,1506,775,794]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937F11AD0DFCD9" box="[96,333,775,794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Poroids on valve face</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977F11ADA0FCD9" box="[356,480,775,794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">yes</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97F11AEDDFCD9" box="[538,669,775,794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">yes</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7F11AF2EFCD9" box="[734,878,775,794]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">no</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797F11AFB5FCD9" box="[906,1013,775,794]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">no</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87F11A8B3FCD9" box="[1035,1267,775,794]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">no</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27F11A9A2FCD9" box="[1313,1506,775,794]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n.d.</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937F3FA9A2FC96" box="[96,1506,809,853]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937F3FAD0DFC96" box="[96,333,809,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">External tube of rimoportula</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977F3FADA0FC96" box="[356,480,809,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">no</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97F3FAEDDFC96" box="[538,669,809,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">short</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7F3FAF2EFC96" box="[734,878,809,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">no</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797F3FAFB5FC96" box="[906,1013,809,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">distinct</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87F3FA8B3FC96" box="[1035,1267,809,853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">no</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27F3FA9A2FC96" box="[1313,1506,809,853]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n.d.</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937F75A9A2FCB5" box="[96,1506,867,886]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937F75AD0DFCB5" box="[96,333,867,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Apical axis (μm)</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977F75ADA0FCB5" box="[356,480,867,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.8–64.3</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97F75AEDDFCB5" box="[538,669,867,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11.7–39.7</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7F75AF2EFCB5" box="[734,878,867,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">22.4–46.3</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797F75AFB5FCB5" box="[906,1013,867,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.7–12.9</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87F75A8B3FCB5" box="[1035,1267,867,886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">16.5–23.8</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27F75A9A2FCB5" box="[1313,1506,867,886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20–43</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937F93A9A2FC5B" box="[96,1506,901,920]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1"> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977F93ADA0FC5B" box="[356,480,901,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(29.5±14.7)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97F93AEDDFC5B" box="[538,669,901,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(26.4±10.6)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7F93AF2EFC5B" box="[734,878,901,920]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(32.7±7.9)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797F93AFB5FC5B" box="[906,1013,901,920]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(10.3±2.1)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87F93A8B3FC5B" box="[1035,1267,901,920]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(20.6±2.0)</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937FB0A9A2FC7A" box="[96,1506,934,953]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937FB0AD0DFC7A" box="[96,333,934,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pervalvar axis (μm)</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977FB0ADA0FC7A" box="[356,480,934,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.8–78.9</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97FB0AEDDFC7A" box="[538,669,934,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.9–42.2</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7FB0AF2EFC7A" box="[734,878,934,953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13.2–42.5</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797FB0AFB5FC7A" box="[906,1013,934,953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.4–29.6</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87FB0A8B3FC7A" box="[1035,1267,934,953]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">28.1–48.2</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27FB0A9A2FC7A" box="[1313,1506,934,953]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n.d.</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937FD1A9A2FC19" box="[96,1506,967,986]" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1"> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977FD1ADA0FC19" box="[356,480,967,986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(18.5±10.9)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97FD1AEDDFC19" box="[538,669,967,986]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(18.6±8.1)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7FD1AF2EFC19" box="[734,878,967,986]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(21.6±6.4)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797FD1AFB5FC19" box="[906,1013,967,986]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(17.0±5.2)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87FD1A8B3FC19" box="[1035,1267,967,986]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(35.6±5.2)</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937FFFA9A2FC3F" box="[96,1506,1001,1020]" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937FFFAD0DFC3F" box="[96,333,1001,1020]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aperture in pervalvar axis</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977FFFADA0FC3F" box="[356,480,1001,1020]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.3–15.1</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97FFFAEDDFC3F" box="[538,669,1001,1020]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.4–14.5</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7FFFAF2EFC3F" box="[734,878,1001,1020]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6.3–12.0</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797FFFAFB5FC3F" box="[906,1013,1001,1020]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.6–5.6</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87FFFA8B3FC3F" box="[1035,1267,1001,1020]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.9–10.0</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FAD27FFFA9A2FC3F" box="[1313,1506,1001,1020]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n.d.</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF937814A9A2FBDE" box="[96,1506,1026,1053]" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-6="1"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF937814AD0DFBDE" box="[96,333,1026,1053]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(μm)</th> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FE977814ADA0FBDE" box="[356,480,1026,1053]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(9.0±2.8)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FDE97814AEDDFBDE" box="[538,669,1026,1053]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(10.1±2.2)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FD2D7814AF2EFBDE" box="[734,878,1026,1053]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(9.6±1.5)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FC797814AFB5FBDE" box="[906,1013,1026,1053]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(5.1±0.4)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC836D0024FBF87814A8B3FBDE" box="[1035,1267,1026,1053]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(6.7±1.3)</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A0836D0024FF93782AA9A2FB8C" box="[96,1506,1084,1103]" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<th id="9D345DDC836D0024FF93782AA9A2FB8C" box="[96,1506,1084,1103]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n.d. indicates no data available</th> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836DFFD2FF93787AADDCFBBC" blockId="9.[96,412,1132,1151]" box="[96,412,1132,1151]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +<tableNote id="9D33376C836DFFD2FF93787AADDCFBBC" box="[96,412,1132,1151]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[96,1506,247,1103]" targetPageId="9">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.t001</tableNote> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836DFFD1FDC679E7A976F899" blockId="9.[533,1536,1209,1892]" lastBlockId="10.[533,1535,1685,1882]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +All setae of a chain are located in the apical plane (Brunel group I) ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FB0D79E7A905F9CA" box="[1278,1349,1521,1545]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 4A</figureCitation> +) [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13836DFFD2FAAF79E7A935F9CA" author="Brunel J." box="[1372,1397,1521,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="315 - 327" refId="ref18662" refString="34. Brunel J. Orientation of setae in the genus Chaetoceros, in regard to the apical axis. J Mar Biol Ass India. 1972; 14: 315 - 327" type="journal article" year="1972">34</bibRefCitation> +]. The setae protrude from the elongated corners of the cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FBE17A05A823F9E8" box="[1042,1123,1555,1579]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4C</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FB9C7A05A89EF9E8" box="[1135,1246,1555,1579]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5B and 5C</figureCitation> +). The basal parts of the setae extend initially in approximately the direction of the pervalvar axis, before curving and crossing over ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FD427A4FAF07F9B2" box="[689,839,1625,1649]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5B and 5C</figureCitation> +). Sibling setae diverge at an acute angle to each other, and cross over just outside the chain border without fusing ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FBD47A6DA838F950" box="[1063,1144,1659,1683]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4C</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FB777A6DA8B3F950" box="[1156,1267,1659,1683]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5B and 5C</figureCitation> +). Intercalary setae near the ends of the chain are directed slightly more in the direction of the chain ends ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FA8B7A88A9FFF975" box="[1400,1471,1694,1718]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 4A</figureCitation> +). The two terminal setae diverge slightly, continuing more or less in the direction of the chain ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FA327AD7AEC5F938" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 4A and 4B</figureCitation> +). On the terminal valve, two silicified, ear-like structures project from the base of the setae, one on each side ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FCC87B10AFC2F8DD" box="[827,898,1798,1822]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 5D</figureCitation> +, arrows), forming a continuation of the narrow silica rib on the valve edge. On the intercalary valves, these ‘ears’ of sibling cells overlap and form a junction between the cells, in some cases fusing ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FC447B5AA871F8A7" box="[951,1073,1868,1892]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5B, 5C</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836DFFD2FBCE7B5AA8ECF8A7" box="[1085,1196,1868,1892]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6A and 6B</figureCitation> +, arrows). A small gap is sometimes seen between the crossing bases of sibling setae and the overlapping, ear-like structures ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836EFFD1FDAA7AAEAEB0F913" box="[601,752,1720,1744]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 6A and 6B</figureCitation> +). The setae are four to six-sided, with four to six longitudinal rows of poroids and spines arranged alternatingly on the setae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836EFFD1FBC87ACCA8F0F931" box="[1083,1200,1754,1778]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 6D–6G</figureCitation> +). The seta poroids are tear shaped ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836EFFD1FD9C7AEBAEA3F8D6" box="[623,739,1789,1813]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 6D–6G</figureCitation> +), 0.5±0.2 μm long with a density of 17.8±5.4 poroids in 10 μm (n>70) ( +<tableCitation id="2D570359836EFFD1FDED7B36AE2CF8FB" box="[542,620,1824,1848]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +). The poroids are visible in LM ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836EFFD1FC3A7B36A84FF8FB" box="[969,1039,1824,1848]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 6C</figureCitation> +). Poroids are smaller, oval and less numerous near the base of the setae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67836EFFD1FCD87B54AF81F899" box="[811,961,1858,1882]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 6A and 6B</figureCitation> +). All setae have the same structure. +</paragraph> +<caption id="34AA666A836EFFD1FF7379F2AD82F990" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" targetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836EFFD1FF7379F2A8CCF9EA" blockId="10.[128,1478,1508,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836EFFD1FF7379F2AE5FFA34" bold="true" box="[128,543,1508,1527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +Fig 4. LM of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836EFFD1FF0A79F2AD8CFA34" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[249,460,1508,1527]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836EFFD1FF0A79F2AD8CFA34" bold="true" box="[249,460,1508,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chaetoceros elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B836EFFD1FE2379F2AE5FFA34" box="[464,543,1508,1527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836EFFD1FF737A56AD82F990" blockId="10.[128,1478,1508,1619]" box="[128,450,1600,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A836FFFD0FF5B7AF5ADA9F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" targetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836FFFD0FF5B7AF5AE76F898" blockId="11.[168,1509,1763,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836FFFD0FF5B7AF5AE4CF935" bold="true" box="[168,524,1763,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +Fig 5. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836FFFD0FF167AF5ADF8F935" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[229,440,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836FFFD0FF167AF5ADF8F935" bold="true" box="[229,440,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chaetoceros elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B836FFFD0FE4F7AF5AE4CF935" box="[444,524,1763,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836FFFD0FF5B7B67ADA9F847" blockId="11.[168,1509,1763,1924]" box="[168,489,1905,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A8368FFD7FF7378F6AD82FAAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" targetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28368FFD7FF7378F6AE9FFAFC" blockId="12.[128,1518,1248,1384]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08368FFD7FF7378F6ADA3FB30" bold="true" box="[128,483,1248,1267]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"> +Fig 6. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618368FFD7FF4E78F6ADD0FB30" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,400,1248,1267]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08368FFD7FF4E78F6ADD0FB30" bold="true" box="[189,400,1248,1267]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chaetoceros elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B8368FFD7FE6778F6ADA3FB30" box="[404,483,1248,1267]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28368FFD7FF737943AD82FAAB" blockId="12.[128,1518,1248,1384]" box="[128,450,1365,1384]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="606A36E28368FFD7FDC6799DAE2CF956" blockId="12.[533,1535,1419,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"> +A single rimoportula with a short external tube is situated centrally on the terminal valve ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678368FFD7FDEC79BBAEA6FA06" box="[543,742,1453,1477]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 5A, 5D and 5E</figureCitation> +), while processes are absent on the intercalary valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678368FFD7FAC679BBAE70FA2B" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 5B, 5C and 5F</figureCitation> +). In LM, a V-shaped non-silicified protrusion is visible centrally on the terminal valve ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678368FFD7FDEC79E5AE28F9C8" box="[543,616,1523,1547]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4D</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). Several open girdle bands are present, each band ornamented with parallel costae, which are separated by single rows of scattered poroids ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678368FFD7FAD27A03A92BF9EE" box="[1313,1387,1557,1581]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 6H</figureCitation> +). The apical axis is 11.7–39.7 μm long, the pervalvar axis 8.9–42.2 μm long, the pervalvar axis including basal parts 17.1–31.9 μm long, the length of the aperture in the pervalvar axis 4.4–14.5 μm (n>80). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28368FFD7FDC67AB6A9DAF8A6" blockId="12.[533,1535,1419,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"> +The resting spores are located centrally in the mother cells, touching the bands and sometimes the valves of the mother cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678368FFD7FC787AD5A861F918" box="[907,1057,1731,1755]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 7A and 7B</figureCitation> +). The surface of the resting spore is mainly smooth ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678368FFD7FD867AF3AF4FF93E" box="[629,783,1765,1789]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 7C and 7D</figureCitation> +). The primary valve extends into two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes, and one or two bulges are present on the secondary valve face ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678368FFD7FDED7B3DAED3F880" box="[542,659,1835,1859]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 7A–7D</figureCitation> +). The elevations are 32.5–48.0 μm long, the branching processes 5.5–14.2 μm long, and the apical axis 32.5–48.0 μm. The angle of the outer slope of the elevation is acute +</paragraph> +<caption id="34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" ID-Table-UUID="34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" box="[533,1312,208,227]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[533,588,208,227]" targetBox="[533,1405,247,684]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" blockId="13.[533,1312,208,227]" box="[533,1312,208,227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +Table 2. Morphological characters of resting spores of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618369FFD6FBC67CC6A8DEFF20" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1077,1182,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FBC67CC6A804FF20" bold="true" box="[1077,1092,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FBBC7CC6A8DEFF20" bold="true" box="[1103,1182,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618369FFD6FB3F7CC6A959FF20" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1856" box="[1228,1305,208,227]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +C. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FB157CC6A959FF20" bold="true" box="[1254,1305,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDE67CE1AFFBFD6F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<table id="12D5C44283690024FDE67CE1A93DFD6F" box="[533,1405,247,684]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67CE1A93DFEC9" box="[533,1405,247,266]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67CE1AF25FEC9" box="[533,869,247,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FDE67CE1AEC4FEC9" bold="true" box="[533,644,247,266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Characters</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7CE1A825FEC9" box="[1007,1125,247,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618369FFD6FC1C7CE1A818FEC9" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1007,1112,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FC1C7CE1A818FEC9" bold="true" box="[1007,1112,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +C. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FBFA7CE1A818FEC9" bold="true" box="[1033,1112,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">elegans</emphasis> +</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7CE1A93DFEC9" box="[1262,1405,247,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618369FFD6FB1D7CE1A97DFEC9" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1856" box="[1262,1341,247,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FB1D7CE1A97DFEC9" bold="true" box="[1262,1341,247,266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FB1D7CE1A8BDFEC9" bold="true" box="[1262,1277,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FAFA7CE1A97DFEC9" bold="true" box="[1289,1341,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">mitra</emphasis> +</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67D0FA93DFEEE" box="[533,1405,281,301]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67D0FAF25FEEE" box="[533,869,281,301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apical axis (μm)</th> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7D0FA825FEEE" box="[1007,1125,281,301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">36.5±3.4</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7D0FA93DFEEE" box="[1262,1405,281,301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +18.1±2.3 +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FAB07D0FA927FEEE" box="[1347,1383,281,301]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">***</emphasis> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67D2DA93DFE8D" box="[533,1405,315,334]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7D2DA825FE8D" box="[1007,1125,315,334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(32.5–48)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7D2DA93DFE8D" box="[1262,1405,315,334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(14.6–21.4)</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67D4AA93DFEB3" box="[533,1405,348,368]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67D4AAF25FEB3" box="[533,869,348,368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pervalvar axis of primary valve (μm)</th> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7D4AA825FEB3" box="[1007,1125,348,368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.2±2.3</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7D4AA93DFEB3" box="[1262,1405,348,368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +25.4±3.9 +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FAB07D4AA927FEB3" box="[1347,1383,348,368]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">***</emphasis> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67D68A93DFE52" box="[533,1405,382,401]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7D68A825FE52" box="[1007,1125,382,401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(9.0–18.5)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7D68A93DFE52" box="[1262,1405,382,401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(21.8–36.2)</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67D89A93DFE71" box="[533,1405,415,434]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67D89AF25FE71" box="[533,869,415,434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Length of branching processes (μm)</th> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7D89A825FE71" box="[1007,1125,415,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9.1±2.2</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7D89A93DFE71" box="[1262,1405,415,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8.3±1.5</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67DD7A93DFE17" box="[533,1405,449,468]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7DD7A825FE17" box="[1007,1125,449,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(5.5–14.2)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7DD7A93DFE17" box="[1262,1405,449,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(5.7–11.4)</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67DF4A93DFE36" box="[533,1405,482,501]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67DF4AF25FE36" box="[533,869,482,501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Outer slope of elevation</th> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7DF4A825FE36" box="[1007,1125,482,501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Acute angle</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7DF4A93DFE36" box="[1262,1405,482,501]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Almost straight</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67E15A93DFDD5" box="[533,1405,515,534]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67E15AF25FDD5" box="[533,869,515,534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Joining of two elevations</th> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7E15A825FDD5" box="[1007,1125,515,534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Near mantle</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7E15A93DFDD5" box="[1262,1405,515,534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Halfway</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67E33A93DFDFB" box="[533,1405,549,568]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67E33AF25FDFB" box="[533,869,549,568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Secondary valve bulges</th> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7E33A825FDFB" box="[1007,1125,549,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1–2</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7E33A93DFDFB" box="[1262,1405,549,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1–2</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67E53A93DFD9A" box="[533,1405,581,601]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67E53AF25FD9A" box="[533,869,581,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Elevations/branching processes</th> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7E53A825FD9A" box="[1007,1125,581,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.6±0.3</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7E53A93DFD9A" box="[1262,1405,581,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +3.2±0.8 +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FACB7E53A91BFD9A" box="[1336,1371,581,601]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">***</emphasis> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67E71A93DFDB9" box="[533,1405,615,634]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FC1C7E71A825FDB9" box="[1007,1125,615,634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(1.1–2.1)</td> +<td id="9D345DDC83690024FB1D7E71A93DFDB9" box="[1262,1405,615,634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(2.2–4.5)</td> +</tr> +<tr id="DEE534A083690024FDE67E8EA93DFD6F" box="[533,1405,664,684]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<th id="9D345DDC83690024FDE67E8EA93DFD6F" box="[533,1405,664,684]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FDE67E8EAE79FD6F" box="[533,569,664,684]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">***</emphasis> +indicates statistical difference (p<0.0001) +</th> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDE67EDFAF12FD1F" blockId="13.[533,850,713,732]" box="[533,850,713,732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<tableNote id="9D33376C8369FFD6FDE67EDFAF12FD1F" box="[533,850,713,732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[533,1405,247,684]" targetPageId="13">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.t002</tableNote> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDE67F03A9E1FCEE" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" box="[533,1441,789,813]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FDED7F03AEF9FCEE" box="[542,697,789,813]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 7C and 7D</figureCitation> +). Length of elevation is 1–2 times longer than the branching processes +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDE67F21AF2FFC74" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598369FFD6FDED7F21AE2CFC8C" box="[542,620,823,847]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,588,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-497@13.[533,1536,235,638]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters of resting spores of C. elegans and C. mitra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20">Table 2</tableCitation> +). Sometimes, several silica bulges are located at the bases of the two processes ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FA5D7F21AE24FCB1" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 7C and 7D</figureCitation> +). Each process branches into a tree-like structure with the distal tips pointed and possessing one or several hooks ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FCBE7F6BAFD0FC56" box="[845,912,893,917]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 7F</figureCitation> +). A single ring of puncta is located near the margin of the secondary valve mantle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FCEF7F89AF1FFC74" box="[796,863,927,951]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 7E</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDC67FD4AEB9FB81" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +Geographical distribution: Japanese coast (as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618369FFD6FBE57FD4A8D1FC1A" box="[1046,1169,961,986]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FBE57FD4A867FC1A" box="[1046,1063,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FBC07FD7A8D1FC1A" box="[1075,1169,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138369FFD6FB487FD4A894FC19" author="Okuno H." box="[1211,1236,962,986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="182 - 200" refId="ref18739" refString="36. Okuno H. Electron microscopical study on fine structure of diatom frustules. XIV. Observation on the genus Chaetoceros. Bot Mag, Tokyo. 1956; 69: 182 - 200" type="journal article" year="1956">36</bibRefCitation> +]); Gulf of California (as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618369FFD6FA2B7FD4AECDFC3F" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FA2B7FD4A9A9FC1A" box="[1496,1513,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FDE67FF2AECDFC3F" box="[533,653,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138369FFD6FD4A7FF3AE92FC3E" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[697,722,997,1021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17876" refString="12. Hernandez-Becerril DU. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot). 1996; 26: 1 - 73" type="journal article" year="1996">12</bibRefCitation> +]); +<collectingRegion id="A211F8008369FFD6FD037FF3AFD9FC3E" box="[752,921,997,1021]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Brunswick</collectingRegion> +<collectingCountry id="18C276728369FFD6FC6C7FF3AFB0FC3E" box="[927,1008,997,1021]" name="Canada" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Canada</collectingCountry> +(present study); Concepción, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728369FFD6FADD7FF3A927FC3E" box="[1326,1383,997,1021]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chile</collectingCountry> +(October, present study); Dapeng Bay, south +<collectingCountry id="18C276728369FFD6FC757811AF87FBDC" box="[902,967,1031,1055]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">China</collectingCountry> +(August, present study); Mannai Island, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728369FFD6FA8B7811A998FBDC" box="[1400,1496,1031,1055]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thailand</collectingCountry> +(June, present study). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDC6785AA9EDFBA6" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" box="[565,1453,1100,1125]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618369FFD6FDC6785AA8A8FBA6" authority="Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityName="Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[565,1256,1100,1125]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FDC6785AAF7AFBA7" bold="true" box="[565,826,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chaetoceros laevisporus</emphasis> +Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B8369FFD6FB1D785BA902FBA6" box="[1262,1346,1101,1125]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08369FFD6FB1D785BA97CFBA6" bold="true" box="[1262,1340,1101,1125]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FABB785BA9EDFBA6" box="[1352,1453,1101,1125]" captionStart-0="Fig 8" captionStart-1="Fig 9" captionStart-2="Fig 10" captionStartId-0="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionStartId-1="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionStartId-2="17.[128,160,781,800]" captionTargetBox-0="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetBox-1="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetBox-2="[131,1533,211,757]" captionTargetId-0="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetId-1="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetId-2="figure-521@17.[128,1536,208,760]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" captionText-1="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" captionText-2="Fig 10. Resting spores of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A) and SEM (B). Resting spores within mother cells of a chain (A) and single, released resting spore (B); strain DY1. A scale bar, 20 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g010" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827460" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12827460/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 8–10</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDC67879A9EDFB44" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" box="[565,1453,1135,1159]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Formal diagnosis: Straight chains. Several chloroplasts in each cell. Apical axis 22.4–</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDE67884A9C3FA21" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">46.3 μm. Pervalvar axis 13.2–42.5 μm. Aperture in pervalvar axis 6.3–12.0 μm. Cells rectangular in girdle view. Saddle-shaped valve face. Costae diverge from a central annulus on the valve face, continuing on to the mantle. Silica rib on the valve edge. A rimoportula present on the terminal valve. A furrow located above the basal ring of the mantle. Oval-peanut shaped apertures. Setae in the apical plane. Valve corners on sibling valves touch each other. Sibling setae cross over just outside the chain border. Terminal setae diverge in the direction of the chain. Silica ear-like structures and fringes present on the base of setae. Four to six rows of poroids and spines on the setae. Round-oval setae poroids, 0.6±0.1 μm in size, with 13.8±1.9 poroids in 10 μm. Several bands with parallel costae and separated poroids. Smooth resting spores with two conical elevations on the primary valve and one or two on the secondary valve.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDC679FAAEFDF9AF" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +<materialsCitation id="D0BD3CBF8369FFD6FDC679FAAEFDF9AF" collectionCode="LSU" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" location="Glutaraldehyde-fixed" municipality="Natural History Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408369FFD6FDC679FAAEDBF9C7" box="[565,667,1516,1540]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +: +<location id="650A60398369FFD6FD5779FAAFC6F9C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A60398369FFD6FD5779FAAFC6F9C7" box="[676,902,1516,1540]" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" municipality="Natural History Museum" name="Glutaraldehyde-fixed" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Glutaraldehyde-fixed</location> +material of strain N7 deposited at the +<collectingMunicipality id="800EAC988369FFD6FAE879FAAE34F9E4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Natural History Museum</collectingMunicipality> +of +<collectingCountry id="18C276728369FFD6FD667A19AEBDF9E4" box="[661,765,1551,1575]" name="Denmark" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Denmark</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCounty id="890B4E6E8369FFD6FCF47A19AFCEF9E4" box="[775,910,1551,1575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Copenhagen</collectingCounty> +(C-A-92070). +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FBDB7A19A88DF9E4" box="[1064,1229,1551,1575]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 8A, 8D–8F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FAF27A19A90DF9E4" box="[1281,1357,1551,1575]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9A–9G</figureCitation> +illustrate the holotype. A sequence of D1-D3 +<collectionCode id="06C4AE278369FFD6FC9B7A24AFD7F989" box="[872,919,1586,1610]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode> +rDNA represents the holotype (Genbank accession number KX065240). +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDC67A61A8D8F94C" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" box="[565,1176,1655,1679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +Type locality: Mannai Island, +<collectingRegion id="A211F8008369FFD6FC837A61A868F94C" box="[880,1064,1655,1679]" country="Thailand" name="Rayong" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rayong Province</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728369FFD6FBC27A61A8D4F94C" box="[1073,1172,1655,1679]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thailand</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFD6FDC67A8CA9E3F971" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" box="[565,1443,1690,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology: laevis (Lat.): smooth, the resting spores are smooth without extensions.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28369FFCAFDC67AAAAFACFB48" blockId="13.[533,1534,789,1887]" lastBlockId="17.[533,1536,931,1892]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +The chains are straight and stiff ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FC627AAAA814F917" box="[913,1108,1724,1748]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8A, 8B and 8D</figureCitation> +). In broad girdle view, cells are rectangular, the apical axis usually longer than the pervalvar axis ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FB797AC9A960F934" box="[1162,1312,1759,1783]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8A and 8B</figureCitation> +). Several chloroplasts (more than ten) are present within each cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FBC07B14A83AF8D9" box="[1075,1146,1794,1818]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8A</figureCitation> +). The valves are broadly elliptical to round-oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FD6F7B33AE9DF8FE" box="[668,733,1829,1853]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8F</figureCitation> +). The valve face is saddle shaped, as the central region is slightly raised ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FA247B33AE75F89C" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8D</figureCitation> +). The valve face edge is broadly arc shaped and marked by an elevated silica rib ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678369FFD6FA787B51A993F89C" box="[1419,1491,1863,1887]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8D</figureCitation> +). On the valve face, costae diverge from a central annulus, without poroids between the costae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFDEF7FD0AE2BFC1D" box="[540,619,966,990]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 8F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFD6D7FD0AEFDFC1D" box="[670,701,966,990]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9C</figureCitation> +). In LM, a constriction is visible at the border between the mantle and the girdle bands, and the mantle occupies approximately one third of the pervalvar axis ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFA8B7FFFA9FEFBC2" box="[1400,1470,1001,1025]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8A</figureCitation> +, arrows). The mantle is ornamented with narrow, parallel rows of costae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFAEA781DA91FFBE0" box="[1305,1375,1035,1059]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9C</figureCitation> +). A circular furrow is present above a basal ring of the mantle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFBDE7838A833FB85" box="[1069,1139,1070,1094]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9C</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). Valve corners on intercalary valves are elevated and almost touch those of adjacent cells ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFB267847A92FFBAA" box="[1237,1391,1105,1129]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8A and 8D</figureCitation> +). Apertures are oval-peanut shaped ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFCE97865AF9CFB48" box="[794,988,1139,1163]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8A, 8B and 8D</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="34AA666A836AFFD5FF1D7AF5AE70F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" targetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836AFFD5FF1D7AF5AD0CF898" blockId="14.[238,1534,1763,1924]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836AFFD5FF1D7AF5AF46F935" bold="true" box="[238,774,1763,1782]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +Fig 7. Resting spores of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836AFFD5FE2C7AF5AEF2F935" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[479,690,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836AFFD5FE2C7AF5AEF2F935" bold="true" box="[479,690,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chaetoceros elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B836AFFD5FD457AF5AF46F935" box="[694,774,1763,1782]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836AFFD5FF1D7B67AE70F847" blockId="14.[238,1534,1763,1924]" box="[238,560,1905,1924]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A836BFFD4FEF87AF5AE0CF847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" targetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836BFFD4FEF87AF5A8D6F898" blockId="15.[267,1513,1763,1924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836BFFD4FEF87AF5AED5F935" bold="true" box="[267,661,1763,1782]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +Fig 8. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61836BFFD4FEBB7AF5AE01F935" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[328,577,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0836BFFD4FEBB7AF5AE01F935" bold="true" box="[328,577,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chaetoceros laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B836BFFD4FDB57AF5AED5F935" box="[582,661,1763,1782]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2836BFFD4FEF87B67AE0CF847" blockId="15.[267,1513,1763,1924]" box="[267,588,1905,1924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A8374FFCBFF047AF5AE78F892" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" targetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28374FFCBFF047AF5A8A8F8EB" blockId="16.[247,1533,1763,1873]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08374FFCBFF047AF5AE8BF935" bold="true" box="[247,715,1763,1782]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +Fig 9. TEM of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618374FFCBFE8D7AF5AE37F935" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[382,631,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08374FFCBFE8D7AF5AE37F935" bold="true" box="[382,631,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chaetoceros laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B8374FFCBFD8F7AF5AE8BF935" box="[636,715,1763,1782]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28374FFCBFF047B28AE78F892" blockId="16.[247,1533,1763,1873]" box="[247,568,1854,1873]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A8375FFCAFF737F1BAD82FCA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827460/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[128,160,781,800]" targetBox="[131,1533,211,757]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28375FFCAFF737F1BAF7FFCF9" blockId="17.[128,1459,781,867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08375FFCAFF737F1BAE8AFCE3" bold="true" box="[128,714,781,800]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"> +Fig 10. Resting spores of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618375FFCAFE8E7F1BAE36FCE3" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[381,630,781,800]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08375FFCAFE8E7F1BAE36FCE3" bold="true" box="[381,630,781,800]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chaetoceros laevisporus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B8375FFCAFD887F1BAE8AFCE3" box="[635,714,781,800]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +LM (A) and SEM (B). Resting spores within mother cells of a chain (A) and single, released resting spore (B); strain DY1. A scale bar, 20 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28375FFCAFF737F46AD82FCA0" blockId="17.[128,1459,781,867]" box="[128,450,848,867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g010</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="606A36E28375FFCAFDC67880AE3CF98D" blockId="17.[533,1536,931,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"> +Setae of a chain are situated more or less in the apical plane (Brunel group I) ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFA957880A9EAFB6D" box="[1382,1450,1174,1198]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8B</figureCitation> +), sometimes diverging very slightly from the apical plane ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFBC778AFA83BFB12" box="[1076,1147,1209,1233]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8A</figureCitation> +). The intercalary setae are straight or slightly curved, those near the ends curving more towards the ends ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFAF778CDA908FB30" box="[1284,1352,1243,1267]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8B</figureCitation> +). The setae vary greatly in length ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFD2378E8AF54FAD5" box="[720,788,1278,1302]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8B</figureCitation> +). They protrude from the corners of the cell, and sibling setae cross over just outside the chain border, without any fusion ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFBAF7937A8B7FAFA" box="[1116,1271,1313,1337]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8A and 8D</figureCitation> +). An ear-like structure is present at the seta base of intercalary valves near the marginal border of the aperture ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFA537955A9A6FA98" box="[1440,1510,1347,1371]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9A</figureCitation> +, arrows). The ‘ears’ sometimes form a junction between sibling cells ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFB197970A96DFABD" box="[1258,1325,1382,1406]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9B</figureCitation> +, arrow). The two terminal setae diverge slightly, continuing more or less in the direction of the chain ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFA60799FAE20FA00" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8A and 8B</figureCitation> +). The setae are four to six-sided, and four to six longitudinal rows of poroids and spines are arranged alternatingly on the setae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFC4A79D8A840FA25" box="[953,1024,1486,1510]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9G</figureCitation> +). The seta poroids are round-oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFA8B79D8A9FEFA25" box="[1400,1470,1486,1510]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9G</figureCitation> +), 0.6 ±0.1 μm μm long, with 13.8±1.9 poroids in 10 μm (n>25), visible in LM ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFAEE79E7A922F9CA" box="[1309,1378,1521,1545]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8C</figureCitation> +)( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598375FFCAFA8679E7A983F9CA" box="[1397,1475,1521,1545]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +). Poroids near the seta bases are smaller and more scattered ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFB797A05A88EF9E8" box="[1162,1230,1555,1579]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9B</figureCitation> +). All setae have the same structure. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28375FFCAFDC67A4FA898F8A0" blockId="17.[533,1536,931,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"> +A single rimoportula, which lacks an external tube, is situated centrally on the terminal valve ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFDA97A6DAEDEF950" box="[602,670,1659,1683]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8E</figureCitation> +, arrowhead, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFCD47A6DAF29F950" box="[807,873,1659,1683]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8F</figureCitation> +, lower valve). In LM, a V-shaped non-silicified protrusion is visible centrally on the terminal valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFC4A7A88AFBFF975" box="[953,1023,1694,1718]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8A</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). Processes are absent on the intercalary valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFD5B7AD7AEAAF91A" box="[680,746,1729,1753]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8F</figureCitation> +, upper valve). Siliceous fringes are present near the terminal seta base ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFA287AD7AE74F938" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9C</figureCitation> +, arrows). Several open girdle bands are present ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFBC57AF5A83EF938" box="[1078,1150,1763,1787]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9D</figureCitation> +), each with parallel costae separated by two, occasionally three, rows of scattered pores, in addition to larger poroids ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678375FFCAFA9F7B10AE70F882" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9E and 9F</figureCitation> +). The apical axis is 27.7–34.2 μm long, the pervalvar axis 13.2–42.5 μm long, and the length of the aperture in the pervalvar axis measures 6.3–12.0 μm (n>80). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67CC6A952FEEE" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +The resting spores are located centrally in the mother cells, touching both valves and bands of the mother cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FD2C7CE4AF71FEC9" box="[735,817,242,266]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[128,160,781,800]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,757]" captionTargetId="figure-521@17.[128,1536,208,760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Resting spores of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A) and SEM (B). Resting spores within mother cells of a chain (A) and single, released resting spore (B); strain DY1. A scale bar, 20 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827460/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 10A</figureCitation> +). The spore surface is smooth with two conical elevations on the primary valve and one or two on the secondary valve ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FBA07D03A943FEEE" box="[1107,1283,277,301]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[128,160,781,800]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,757]" captionTargetId="figure-521@17.[128,1536,208,760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Resting spores of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A) and SEM (B). Resting spores within mother cells of a chain (A) and single, released resting spore (B); strain DY1. A scale bar, 20 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827460/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 10A and 10B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67D2EA990FEB1" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +Geographical distribution: Daya Bay, south +<collectingCountry id="18C276728376FFC9FBF67D2EA806FE93" box="[1029,1094,312,336]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">China</collectingCountry> +(December, present study); Mannai Island, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728376FFC9FD907D4CAE83FEB1" box="[611,707,346,370]" name="Thailand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thailand</collectingCountry> +(December, present study), Gulf of +<collectingCountry id="18C276728376FFC9FBCC7D4CA8D5FEB1" box="[1087,1173,346,370]" name="Panama" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Panama</collectingCountry> +(as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618376FFC9FB4C7D4CA932FEB1" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1215,1394,346,370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08376FFC9FB4C7D4CA890FEB2" box="[1215,1232,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis> +. cf. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08376FFC9FB097D4CA932FEB1" box="[1274,1394,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138376FFC9FA6D7D4CA9F7FEB1" author="Kooistra WHCF & Sarno D & Hernandez-Becerril DU & Assmy P & Prisco CD & Montresor M." box="[1438,1463,346,370]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="471 - 500" refId="ref18695" refString="35. Kooistra WHCF, Sarno D, Hernandez-Becerril DU, Assmy P, Prisco CD, Montresor M. Comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of taxa in the Chaetocerataceae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia. 2010; 49: 471 - 500" type="journal article" year="2010">35</bibRefCitation> +]). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67D6AA981FE56" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" box="[565,1473,380,405]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618376FFC9FDC67D6AA889FE56" authority="Boonprakob, Li, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityName="Boonprakob, Li, Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[565,1225,380,405]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08376FFC9FDC67D6AAF5AFE56" bold="true" box="[565,794,380,405]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chaetoceros mannaii</emphasis> +Boonprakob, Li, Moestrup & Lundholm +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B8376FFC9FB3C7D6BA963FE56" box="[1231,1315,381,405]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08376FFC9FB3C7D6BA95DFE56" bold="true" box="[1231,1309,381,405]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sp. nov</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FADA7D6BA934FE56" box="[1321,1396,381,405]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 11</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FA5B7D6BA981FE56" box="[1448,1473,381,405]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67DB6AFBFFCD1" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Formal diagnosis: Short straight chains or solitary cells. Several chloroplasts in each cell. Apical axis 5.7–12.9 μm. Pervalvar axis 8.4–29.6 μm. Aperture in pervalvar axis 4.6–5.6 μm. Cells rectangular in girdle view. Saddle-shaped valve face. Heavily silicified frustule. Robust diverging costae on the valve face, continuing onto the mantle. Silica rib on the valve face edge. A rimoportula, with long external process on the terminal valve. The mantle occupies one fourth of the pervalvar axis. A furrow is present above the basal ring of the mantle. Hexagonal apertures. Setae in or slightly diverging from the apical plane. Short basal part present, sibling setae cross over outside chain border. Terminal setae diverge in the direction of the chain. Silica ear-like structures present on the base of setae. Four to six rows of poroids and spines on the setae. Large oval setae poroids, 0.7±0.2 μm in size, 12.3±1.6 poroids in 10 μm. Several bands with parallel costae and scattered pores.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67F0BA9D5FCB9" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +<materialsCitation id="D0BD3CBF8376FFC9FDC67F0BA9D5FCB9" collectionCode="LSU" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" location="Glutaraldehyde-fixed" municipality="Natural History Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408376FFC9FDC67F0BAEDBFCF6" box="[565,667,797,821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +: +<location id="650A60398376FFC9FD577F0BAFC6FCF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A60398376FFC9FD577F0BAFC6FCF6" box="[676,902,797,821]" country="Denmark" county="Copenhagen" municipality="Natural History Museum" name="Glutaraldehyde-fixed" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Glutaraldehyde-fixed</location> +material of strain N1 deposited at +<collectingMunicipality id="800EAC988376FFC9FB007F0BAA40FCF6" box="[1267,1536,797,821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natural History Museum</collectingMunicipality> +of +<collectingCountry id="18C276728376FFC9FDC37F56AED8FC9B" box="[560,664,832,856]" name="Denmark" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Denmark</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCounty id="890B4E6E8376FFC9FD517F56AF69FC9B" box="[674,809,832,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Copenhagen</collectingCounty> +(C-A-92071). +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FC307F56A84DFC9B" box="[963,1037,832,856]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 11</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FBB17F56A81BFC9B" box="[1090,1115,832,856]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12</figureCitation> +illustrate the holotype. A sequence of D1-D3 +<collectionCode id="06C4AE278376FFC9FD967F74AED4FCB9" box="[613,660,866,890]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode> +rDNA represents the holotype (Genbank accession number KX065246). +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67F93A8D8FC5E" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" box="[565,1176,901,925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +Type locality: Mannai Island, +<collectingRegion id="A211F8008376FFC9FC837F93A868FC5E" box="[880,1064,901,925]" country="Thailand" name="Rayong" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rayong Province</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728376FFC9FBC27F93A8D4FC5E" box="[1073,1172,901,925]" name="Thailand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thailand</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67FBEAFBDFC03" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" box="[565,1021,936,960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +Etymology: from Mannai Island, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728376FFC9FC657FBEAFB9FC03" box="[918,1017,936,960]" name="Thailand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thailand</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC67FDCA89BFAFE" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +Short straight chains are typical ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FC617FDCAFA5FC21" box="[914,997,970,994]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11A</figureCitation> +), but solitary cells also occur. Several chloroplasts (4–10) are present within each cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FC637FFBAFA3FBC6" box="[912,995,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11A</figureCitation> +). In broad girdle view, cells are rectangular ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FA4F7FFBAE00FBEB" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11A</figureCitation> +). In valve view, valves are broadly elliptical to round-oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FB437806A940FBEB" box="[1200,1280,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11B</figureCitation> +). The valve face is saddle shaped, as the central region of the valve face is slightly raised ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FB057824A9EAFB89" box="[1270,1450,1074,1098]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11C and 11D</figureCitation> +). The valve face edge is broadly arc shaped and marked by an elevated silica rib ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FAD57843A9EFFBAE" box="[1318,1455,1109,1133]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11C–11E</figureCitation> +). Robust costae diverge from the centre of the valve face, without poroids between the costae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FDEF788CAE37FB71" box="[540,631,1178,1202]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 11F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FD58788CAE96FB71" box="[683,726,1178,1202]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12C</figureCitation> +), and continue onto the mantle as robust parallel longitudinal ribs ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FA57788CAE03FB16" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 12D</figureCitation> +). In LM, a constriction is visible at the border between the mantle and the girdle bands ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FDED78F6AE31FB3B" box="[542,625,1248,1272]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11A</figureCitation> +, arrows), and the mantle occupies ca. one fourth of the pervalvar axis. The basal ring of the mantle is heavily silicified, with a distinct furrow above the ring ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FAF07914A91EFAD9" box="[1283,1374,1282,1306]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 11F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FA617914A9FFFAD9" box="[1426,1471,1282,1306]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12D</figureCitation> +, arrowheads). The apertures are hexagonal ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FC137933A88CFAFE" box="[992,1228,1317,1341]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11A, 11C and 11D</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFC9FDC6795EA860F8C3" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +Setae of a chain seem to be located more or less in the apical plane (Brunel group I), or sometimes slightly diverging from the apical plane ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FBCA797CA8C9FA41" box="[1081,1161,1386,1410]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11B</figureCitation> +). The intercalary setae are straight or slightly curved ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FD2E799BAF6DFA66" box="[733,813,1421,1445]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11B</figureCitation> +). The setae protrude from the elevated corners of the cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FA6B799BA9ABFA66" box="[1432,1515,1421,1445]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11C</figureCitation> +). Sibling setae cross over just outside the chain border, with short basal parts present ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FA6379A6AE31FA29" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11C and 11D</figureCitation> +). Terminal setae diverge in an acute to 90 degrees angle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FB3F79C4A9EEFA29" box="[1228,1454,1490,1514]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11A, 11E and 11F</figureCitation> +). Silicified ear-shaped structures are located at the base of the setae on both the intercalary and terminal valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FD797A0EAF7BF9F3" box="[650,827,1560,1584]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11D and 11E</figureCitation> +, arrowheads). The ‘ears’ form a continuation of the narrow silica rib on the valve face edge ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FCDD7A2CAF3EF991" box="[814,894,1594,1618]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11E</figureCitation> +). In the intercalary valves, the ears of sibling setae do not appear to overlap ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FD2F7A4BAFD0F9B6" box="[732,912,1629,1653]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11C and 11D</figureCitation> +). Setae are four-six sided with four to six longitudinal rows of poroids and spines arranged alternatingly on the setae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FB477A96A944F95B" box="[1204,1284,1664,1688]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 12B</figureCitation> +). The seta poroids are oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FDA37AB4AEE0F979" box="[592,672,1698,1722]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 12B</figureCitation> +), 0.7±0.2 μm long and with 12.3±1.6 poroids in 10 μm (n = 20), readily visible in LM ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FDBB7AD3AEE7F91E" box="[584,679,1733,1757]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 11A</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FD287AD3AF46F91E" box="[731,774,1733,1757]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12A</figureCitation> +)( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598376FFC9FCEA7AD3AF27F91E" box="[793,871,1733,1757]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +). Those near the seta base are slightly smaller and more scattered ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FDA87AFEAEEBF8C3" box="[603,683,1768,1792]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 12B</figureCitation> +). All setae have the same structure. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28376FFCFFDC67B1CAED5F9B2" blockId="18.[533,1537,208,1896]" lastBlockId="20.[533,1525,1556,1892]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"> +A single rimoportula with a long external tube is situated centrally on the terminal valve ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FDEF7B3BAEEBF886" box="[540,683,1837,1861]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 11E, 11F</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FD2C7B3BAF4AF886" box="[735,778,1837,1861]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12C</figureCitation> +). Processes are absent on the intercalary valves ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FAF97B3BA9FEF886" box="[1290,1470,1837,1861]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 11C and 11D</figureCitation> +). Several open girdle bands are present ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678376FFC9FC797B46AF9AF8AB" box="[906,986,1872,1896]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 12E</figureCitation> +), each with parallel costae separated by one row of scattered pores ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678370FFCFFD307A02AF52F9EF" box="[707,786,1556,1580]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-120@20.[128,1536,208,1346]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig 12F</figureCitation> +). The apical axis is 6.7–12.9 μm long, the pervalvar axis 8.4–29.6 μm long, the length of the aperture in the pervalvar axis 4.6–5.6 μm (n = 20). No resting spores were found. +</paragraph> +<caption id="34AA666A8377FFC8FEB57AF5AEC7F8A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" targetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28377FFC8FEB57AF5A9A5F881" blockId="19.[326,1535,1763,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08377FFC8FEB57AF5AEF6F935" bold="true" box="[326,694,1763,1782]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20"> +Fig 11. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618377FFC8FE7C7AF5AE22F935" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[399,610,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08377FFC8FE7C7AF5AE22F935" bold="true" box="[399,610,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chaetoceros mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B8377FFC8FD947AF5AEF6F935" box="[615,694,1763,1782]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28377FFC8FEB57B4EAEC7F8A8" blockId="19.[326,1535,1763,1899]" box="[326,647,1880,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A8370FFCFFF73794EAD82FA04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827464/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[128,160,1368,1387]" targetBox="[131,1533,211,1343]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28370FFCFFF73794EADECFA5E" blockId="20.[128,1505,1368,1479]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFF73794EADB0FAA8" bold="true" box="[128,496,1368,1387]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +Fig 12. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618370FFCFFF3A794EADDDFAA8" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[201,413,1368,1387]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFF3A794EADDDFAA8" bold="true" box="[201,413,1368,1387]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chaetoceros mannaii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4992578B8370FFCFFE52794EADB0FAA8" box="[417,496,1368,1387]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +LM (A), SEM (B) and TEM (C–F); strain N1. A and B: Setae with oval poroids. C: Terminal valve showing valve structure and rimoportula with external projection. D: Poroids and costae on the mantle. E and F: Girdle bands with poroids. A scale bar, 10 μm. B scale bar, 5 μm. C–F scale bars, 2 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28370FFCFFF7379A2AD82FA04" blockId="20.[128,1505,1368,1479]" box="[128,450,1460,1479]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g012</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="606A36E28370FFCFFDC67A6AAF62F91A" blockId="20.[533,1525,1556,1892]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +Geographical distribution: Peter the Great Bay, Sea of +<collectingCountry id="18C276728370FFCFFB827A6AA8EDF957" box="[1137,1197,1660,1684]" name="Japan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Japan</collectingCountry> +(as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618370FFCFFB2B7A6AA92CF950" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1240,1388,1659,1684]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFB2B7A6AA8A9F950" box="[1240,1257,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFB077A6DA92CF950" box="[1268,1388,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138370FFCFFA6B7A6AA9F1F957" author="Shevchenko OG & Orlova TYu & Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[1432,1457,1660,1684]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="236 - 258" refId="ref17916" refString="13. Shevchenko OG, Orlova TYu, Hernandez-Becerril DU. The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta) from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Bot Mar. 2006; 49: 236 - 258" type="journal article" year="2006">13</bibRefCitation> +]; Gulf of California (as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618370FFCFFD357A89AF1AF975" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[710,858,1694,1718]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFD357A89AE97F975" box="[710,727,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFD117A88AF1AF975" box="[738,858,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138370FFCFFC757A88AFDFF975" author="Hernandez-Becerril DU" box="[902,927,1694,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17876" refString="12. Hernandez-Becerril DU. A morphological study of Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta) from the plankton of the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Bot). 1996; 26: 1 - 73" type="journal article" year="1996">12</bibRefCitation> +]; +<collectingRegion id="A211F8008370FFCFFC477A88A844F975" box="[948,1028,1694,1718]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sinaloa</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728370FFCFFBFD7A88A81DF975" box="[1038,1117,1694,1718]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mexico</collectingCountry> +(present study); near Mannai Island, +<collectingCountry id="18C276728370FFCFFDE67AD7AE35F91A" box="[533,629,1729,1753]" name="Thailand" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thailand</collectingCountry> +(present study). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698370FFCFFDC67AF5AF85F8A7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28370FFCFFDC67AF5AFD6F8DD" blockId="20.[533,1525,1556,1892]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618370FFCFFDC67AF5AFB4F93F" ID-CoL="TB63" authority="(Bailey) Cleve 1896 p. 4" authorityName="Cleve" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="Bailey" box="[565,1012,1763,1788]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFDC67AF5AEBBF938" bold="true" box="[565,763,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chaetoceros mitra</emphasis> +(Bailey) Cleve 1896 p.4 +</taxonomicName> +, Pl I, fig 6 emend. Li, Boonprakob, Moestrup & Lundholm +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678370FFCFFD7F7B10AEBEF8DD" box="[652,766,1798,1822]" captionStart-0="Fig 13" captionStart-1="Fig 14" captionStart-2="Fig 15" captionStartId-0="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionStartId-1="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionStartId-2="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetBox-1="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetBox-2="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId-0="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetId-1="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetId-2="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionText-0="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" captionText-1="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" captionText-2="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 13–15</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678370FFCFFCC17B10AFD6F8DD" box="[818,918,1798,1822]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">20A–20C</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28370FFCFFDC67B3FAF82F882" blockId="20.[533,1525,1556,1892]" box="[565,962,1833,1857]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +Basionym: +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618370FFCFFD587B3FAF82F882" authority="Bailey 1856" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1856" box="[683,962,1833,1857]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFD587B3FAF02F883" box="[683,834,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dicladia mitra</emphasis> +Bailey 1856 +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28370FFCFFDC67B5AAF85F8A7" blockId="20.[533,1525,1556,1892]" box="[565,965,1867,1892]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"> +Synonym: +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618370FFCFFD547B5AAF85F8A7" authority="Cleve 1873" authorityName="Cleve" authorityYear="1873" box="[679,965,1867,1892]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="groenlandica"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFD547B5AAEFAF8A0" box="[679,698,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08370FFCFFD367B5DAF0AF8A0" box="[709,842,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">groenlandica</emphasis> +Cleve 1873 +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<caption id="34AA666A8371FFCEFF737A82AD82F92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" targetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28371FFCEFF737A82A886F903" blockId="21.[128,1474,1684,1769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08371FFCEFF737A82AD82F964" bold="true" box="[128,450,1684,1703]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22"> +Fig 13. LM of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618371FFCEFEF67A82ADFCF964" box="[261,444,1684,1703]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08371FFCEFEF67A82ADFCF964" bold="true" box="[261,444,1684,1703]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chaetoceros mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28371FFCEFF737AC0AD82F92A" blockId="21.[128,1474,1684,1769]" box="[128,450,1750,1769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A8372FFCDFEEC7AF5AE20F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" targetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28372FFCDFEEC7AF5AE07F898" blockId="22.[287,1519,1763,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08372FFCDFEEC7AF5AE65F935" bold="true" box="[287,549,1763,1782]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23"> +Fig 14. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618372FFCDFE9B7AF5AE5EF935" box="[360,542,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08372FFCDFE9B7AF5AE5EF935" bold="true" box="[360,542,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chaetoceros mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28372FFCDFEEC7B67AE20F847" blockId="22.[287,1519,1763,1924]" box="[287,608,1905,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="34AA666A8373FFCCFE677AF5AE95F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" targetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28373FFCCFE677AF5ADBCF898" blockId="23.[404,1527,1763,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08373FFCCFE677AF5AF6FF935" bold="true" box="[404,815,1763,1782]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24"> +Fig 15. +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618373FFCCFE2E7AF5AED5F935" box="[477,661,1763,1782]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08373FFCCFE2E7AF5AED5F935" bold="true" box="[477,661,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chaetoceros mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +resting spores. +</emphasis> +LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28373FFCCFE677B67AE95F847" blockId="23.[404,1527,1763,1924]" box="[404,725,1905,1924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015</paragraph> +</caption> +<subSubSection id="28CF6569837CFFC3FDC67CC6A87EFEC9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDC67CC6A87EFEC9" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840837CFFC3FDC67CC6AEDDFF2B" box="[565,669,208,232]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus> +designated here: fig 2, plate II in Cleve [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13837CFFC3FBB67CC6A81EFF2B" author="Cleve PT" box="[1093,1118,208,232]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="3 - 22" refId="ref18095" refString="18. Cleve PT. Diatoms from Baffins Bay and Davis Strait. K Svenska Vet-Akad Handl. 1896; 22: 3 - 22" type="journal article" year="1896">18</bibRefCitation> +] (shown as +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FB2D7CC6A970FF2B" box="[1246,1328,208,232]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 20C</figureCitation> +). A +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840837CFFC3FAAE7CC6A9FAFF2B" box="[1373,1466,208,232]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +does not exist and a lectotype has therefore been selected. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF6569837CFFC2FDC67D03A825FEEE" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDC67D03A8EBFE56" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25"> +<materialsCitation id="D0BD3CBF837CFFC3FDC67D03A8E6FE56" collectionCode="LSU, SSU" country="Norway" county="Sequences" location="Fixed" municipality="Copenhagen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="KX611427" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="Epitype"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840837CFFC3FDC67D03AEC6FEEE" box="[565,646,277,301]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="epitype">Epitype</typeStatus> +designated here: +<location id="650A6039837CFFC3FCCC7D03AF3AFEEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A6039837CFFC3FCCC7D03AF3AFEEE" box="[831,890,277,301]" country="Norway" county="Sequences" municipality="Copenhagen" name="Fixed" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fixed</location> +material of strain P10A1, from TromsØ, +<collectingCountry id="18C27672837CFFC3FAD97D03A9C2FEEE" box="[1322,1410,277,301]" name="Norway" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Norway</collectingCountry> +. +<location id="650A6039837CFFC3FA787D03A9A5FEEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A6039837CFFC3FA787D03A9A5FEEE" box="[1419,1509,277,301]" country="Norway" county="Sequences" municipality="Copenhagen" name="Material" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material</location> +has been deposited at the +<location id="650A6039837CFFC3FCD77D2EA871FE93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48360FFC2FDE67F93AFD3FC9B:650A6039837CFFC3FCD77D2EA871FE93" box="[804,1073,312,336]" country="Norway" county="Sequences" municipality="Copenhagen" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Natural History Museum</location> +of Denmark, +<collectingMunicipality id="800EAC98837CFFC3FB377D2EA90BFE93" box="[1220,1355,312,336]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Copenhagen</collectingMunicipality> +(C-A-92072). +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FDE67D4CAEC7FEB1" box="[533,647,346,370]" captionStart-0="Fig 13" captionStart-1="Fig 14" captionStart-2="Fig 15" captionStartId-0="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionStartId-1="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionStartId-2="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetBox-1="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetBox-2="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId-0="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetId-1="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetId-2="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionText-0="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" captionText-1="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" captionText-2="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 13–15</figureCitation> +illustrate the epitype. +<collectingCounty id="890B4E6E837CFFC3FC837D4CAF9EFEB1" box="[880,990,346,370]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sequences</collectingCounty> +of D1-D3 +<collectionCode id="06C4AE27837CFFC3FBBD7D4CA83DFEB1" box="[1102,1149,346,370]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode> +rDNA (Genbank accession number KX065247) and +<collectionCode id="06C4AE27837CFFC3FD317D6BAEAFFE56" box="[706,751,381,405]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fye2-vfes" name="Saratov State University" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SSU</collectionCode> +rDNA ( +<specimenCode id="30739E99837CFFC3FCB67D6BAFF8FE56" box="[837,952,381,405]" collectionCode="KX" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">KX611427</specimenCode> +) represent the epitype +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDC67DB6AFD9FE7B" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" box="[565,921,416,440]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type locality: Sea of Kamtschatka</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDC67DD4AF96FCB9" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25"> +Chains are straight ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCFF7DD4AF1FFE19" box="[780,863,450,474]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 13A</figureCitation> +), or slightly curved (not shown). Several chloroplasts are present in each cell (often 6–14). In broad girdle view, cells are usually rectangular, the pervalvar axis often longer than the apical axis ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC577E1EA814FDE3" box="[932,1108,520,544]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 13A and 13B</figureCitation> +). In valve view, the valves are broadly elliptical to round-oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCE77E3CAF32FD81" box="[788,882,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 13C</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC8D7E3CA84CFD81" box="[894,1036,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14G and 14H</figureCitation> +). The valve face is saddle-shaped, as the central region of the valve face is slightly raised ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC307E5BA861FDA6" box="[963,1057,589,613]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 13C</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FBA67E5BA8C2FDA6" box="[1109,1154,589,613]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14G</figureCitation> +). The valve face edges are broadly arc shaped and marked by an elevated silica rib ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FBE67E66A832FD4B" box="[1045,1138,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 13C</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FB547E66A894FD4B" box="[1191,1236,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14G</figureCitation> +). On the valve surface, costae diverge from a central annulus ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC7E7E84AFA2FD69" box="[909,994,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14H</figureCitation> +), without distinct poroids between the costae. A constriction is located at the border between the mantle and the girdle bands ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FABF7EA3A9DDFD0E" box="[1356,1437,693,717]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 13B</figureCitation> +, arrows). The mantle occupies one third to one fifth of the pervalvar axis, but sometimes less–as little as one tenth during resting spore formation ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC2B7EECA8CAFCD1" box="[984,1162,762,786]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15A and 15C</figureCitation> +). The mantle is ornamented with narrow parallel rows of costae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC927F0BAFF5FCF6" box="[865,949,797,821]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14G</figureCitation> +). A furrow is situated above the basal ring of the mantle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FDCD7F56AEAEFC9B" box="[574,750,832,856]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14F and 14G</figureCitation> +, arrows). Apertures are narrow oval to hexagonal, sometimes slightly indented in the middle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCE47F74AF87FCB9" box="[791,967,866,890]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 13A and 13B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDC67F93A9E4FB3B" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25"> +The setae of a chain are diverge from the apical plane (Brunel group II) ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FAC17F93A9C5FC5E" box="[1330,1413,901,925]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 13A</figureCitation> +). Setae are soft and more or less curved and protrude from the corners of the cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FAF67FBEA9F5FC03" box="[1285,1461,936,960]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 13A and 13B</figureCitation> +). The terminal setae have almost the same orientation as the intercalary setae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FAE27FDCA9DDFC21" box="[1297,1437,970,994]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 13A–13C</figureCitation> +) or they are slightly V-shaped in broad girdle view. Sibling setae cross over at the chain border, with no basal parts ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FD617806AF65FBEB" box="[658,805,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 13A, 13B</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCAA7806AFC1FBEB" box="[857,897,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">14F</figureCitation> +). Silicified wing-like structures are present near the seta base and form a bridge between sibling cells ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC067824A804FB89" box="[1013,1092,1074,1098]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14F</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). They also form a continuation of the silica rib along the valve face edge on the intercalary valves. On the terminal valve they are replaced by fringes ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCB5786EAFDAFB53" box="[838,922,1144,1168]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14G</figureCitation> +, curved arrow). The setae are four-six sided with four to six rows of poroids and spines arranged alternatingly on the setae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FB24788CA91DFB71" box="[1239,1373,1178,1202]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14B–14E</figureCitation> +). Poroids of the setae are round-oval ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCD078ABAFE9FB16" box="[803,937,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14B–14E</figureCitation> +), 0.2±0.1 μm in size, 39.8±7.4 poroids in 10 μm (n>20), the density varying within a single seta. The poroids are barely visible in LM ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FABB78F6A9DAFB3B" box="[1352,1434,1248,1272]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14A</figureCitation> +) +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDE67914A9E7FAD9" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" box="[533,1447,1282,1306]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25"> +( +<tableCitation id="2D570359837CFFC3FDED7914AE2CFAD9" box="[542,620,1282,1306]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +). Poroids near the seta bases are slightly smaller and more scattered ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FABA7914A9D7FAD9" box="[1353,1431,1282,1306]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14F</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDC67933AEB3FA0B" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25"> +A single slit-like rimoportula without any external tube is situated slightly excentrically on the terminal valve ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FD11795EAF76FAA3" box="[738,822,1352,1376]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14G</figureCitation> +, arrowhead). Processes on intercalary valves are absent ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FA7E795EA9A2FAA3" box="[1421,1506,1352,1376]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14H</figureCitation> +). Several open bands are present, each with parallel costae ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FB84797CA957FA41" box="[1143,1303,1386,1410]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 14I and 14J</figureCitation> +). The apical axis is 16.5–23.8 μm, the pervalvar axis 28.1–48.2 μm, the length of the aperture in the pervalvar axis 2.9–10.0 μm (n>20). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837CFFC3FDC679C4AEE1F886" blockId="24.[533,1537,208,1861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25"> +Resting spores are most often situated close to one valve of the mother cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FAA779C4AE00F9CE" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15A and 15C</figureCitation> +), sometimes in the middle of the cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC2579E3A866F9CE" box="[982,1062,1525,1549]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15B</figureCitation> +). The surface of the resting spore is mainly smooth ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FD867A0EAEBFF9F3" box="[629,767,1560,1584]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15E–15G</figureCitation> +). The primary valve extends into two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FC7D7A2CA858F991" box="[910,1048,1594,1618]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15B–15G</figureCitation> +). One or two bulges are present on the secondary valve face ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FD287A4BAFCCF9B6" box="[731,908,1629,1653]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15E and 15G</figureCitation> +). The elevations are 21.8–36.2 μm long, the branching processes 5.7–11.4 μm long, the apical axis 14.6–21.4 μm ( +<tableCitation id="2D570359837CFFC3FB897A96A888F95B" box="[1146,1224,1664,1688]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,588,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-497@13.[533,1536,235,638]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters of resting spores of C. elegans and C. mitra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20">Table 2</tableCitation> +). The outer slope of the elevation is almost straight ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCD27AB4AF91F979" box="[801,977,1698,1722]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15F and 15G</figureCitation> +). Length of elevation is 2–5 times longer than the branching processes ( +<tableCitation id="2D570359837CFFC3FD087AD3AF09F91E" box="[763,841,1733,1757]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,588,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-497@13.[533,1536,235,638]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters of resting spores of C. elegans and C. mitra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="34AA666A8369FFD6FDE67CC6A960FF20">Table 2</tableCitation> +). A single circular row of small silica warts is visible along the secondary valve edge ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FCF07AFEAF13F8C3" box="[771,851,1768,1792]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15E</figureCitation> +, arrowheads). The mantle touches the bands of the mother cell ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FDED7B1CAEEBF8E1" box="[542,683,1802,1826]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15A–15C</figureCitation> +). A ring of puncta is present at the margin of secondary valve mantle ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837CFFC3FA677B1CA9A8F8E1" box="[1428,1512,1802,1826]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig 15G</figureCitation> +, arrowheads). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837DFFC2FDC67CC6A825FEEE" blockId="25.[533,1533,208,856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26"> +Geographical distribution: +<collectingCountry id="18C27672837DFFC2FCA77CC6AF85FF2B" box="[852,965,208,232]" name="Greenland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Greenland</collectingCountry> +(April, present study); Sea of Kamtschatka [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13837DFFC2FA6A7CC6A9F2FF2B" author="Bailey JW" box="[1433,1458,208,232]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref18062" refString="17. Bailey JW. Notice of microscopic forms found in the soundings of the Sea of Kamtschatka. Am J Sci Arts Sec Ser. 1856; 22: 1 - 6" type="journal article" year="1856">17</bibRefCitation> +]; Cape Wankarema, east coast of +<collectingCountry id="18C27672837DFFC2FCD97CE4AFDDFEC9" box="[810,925,242,266]" name="Greenland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Greenland</collectingCountry> +, Baffin Bay [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13837DFFC2FBD07CE4A87CFEC9" author="Cleve PT" box="[1059,1084,242,266]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="3 - 22" refId="ref18095" refString="18. Cleve PT. Diatoms from Baffins Bay and Davis Strait. K Svenska Vet-Akad Handl. 1896; 22: 3 - 22" type="journal article" year="1896">18</bibRefCitation> +]; Narragansett Bay of Rhode Island [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13837DFFC2FA367CE4A99EFEC9" author="Rines JEB & Hargraves PE" box="[1477,1502,242,266]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="5 - 196" refId="ref17794" refString="10. Rines JEB, Hargraves PE. The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Bibl Phycol. 1988; 79: 5 - 196" type="journal article" year="1988">10</bibRefCitation> +], Gulf of St. Lawrence; +<collectingCountry id="18C27672837DFFC2FD0A7D03AF0AFEEE" box="[761,842,277,301]" name="Canada" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Canada</collectingCountry> +(as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837DFFC2FC877D03A848FEEE" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[884,1032,277,301]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837DFFC2FC877D03AFC5FEEF" box="[884,901,277,300]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837DFFC2FC637D03A848FEEE" box="[912,1032,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13837DFFC2FBC77D03A80DFEEE" author="Berard-Therriault L & Poulin M & Bosse M." box="[1076,1101,277,301]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 387" refId="ref17828" refString="11. Berard-Therriault L, Poulin M, Bosse M. Guide d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent incluant egalement certains protozoaires. Publ. spec. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 1999; 128: 1 - 387." type="journal article" year="1999">11</bibRefCitation> +]). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF6569837DFFC2FDC67D21A84FFE3E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837DFFC2FDC67D21A8A6FE93" blockId="25.[533,1533,208,856]" box="[565,1254,311,336]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837DFFC2FDC67D21AFF0FE93" ID-CoL="TB5V" authority="Grunow 1863 p. 157" authorityName="Grunow" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1863" box="[565,944,311,336]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837DFFC2FDC67D21AE92FE8C" bold="true" box="[565,722,311,336]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837DFFC2FDC67D21AE06FE8C" bold="true" box="[565,582,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837DFFC2FDA07D21AE92FE8C" bold="true" box="[595,722,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</emphasis> +Grunow 1863 p. 157 +</taxonomicName> +, Pl 14, fig 13 +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837DFFC2FBC97D2EA8C5FE93" box="[1082,1157,312,336]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 16</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837DFFC2FB4A7D2EA8A6FE93" box="[1209,1254,312,336]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">20D</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837DFFC2FDC67D4CA84FFE3E" blockId="25.[533,1533,208,856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26"> +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840837DFFC2FDC67D4CAEDDFEB1" box="[565,669,346,370]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus> +designated here: A slide in a capsule (Acqu 1901/3674) with a coverslip of mica found in Grunow’s accession book under number 501 (Grunow 501). The capsule is glued onto a small paper sheet, and next to the capsule is a sketch of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837DFFC2FB557DB6A97BFE74" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1190,1339,415,440]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837DFFC2FB557DB6A8F7FE74" box="[1190,1207,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837DFFC2FB307D89A97BFE74" box="[1219,1339,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +made by Grunow similar to fig +<quantity id="A72D9B07837DFFC2FD527DD4AE97FE19" box="[673,727,450,474]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity> +Grunow [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B13837DFFC2FCB67DD4AF12FE19" author="Grunow A." box="[837,850,450,474]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="137 - 162" refId="ref17735" refString="8. Grunow A. Uber einige neue und ungenugend bekannte Arten und Gattungen von Diatomaceen. Verhandl kaiserl-konigl zool-bot Ges. 1863; 13: 137 - 162" type="journal article" year="1863">8</bibRefCitation> +] (here illustrated in +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837DFFC2FBD97DD4A83FFE19" box="[1066,1151,450,474]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig 20D</figureCitation> +). +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837DFFC2FB607DD4A903FE19" box="[1171,1347,450,474]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig 16A and 16B</figureCitation> +illustrate the +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840837DFFC2FA207DD4AE1AFE3E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus> +. A +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840837DFFC2FD8F7DF3AE99FE3E" box="[636,729,485,509]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +was not selected by Grunow. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF6569837DFFC2FDC67E1EAFD3FC9B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837DFFC2FDC67E1EAF0AFDE3" blockId="25.[533,1533,208,856]" box="[565,842,520,544]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type locality: Adriatic Sea</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837DFFC2FDC67E3CA814FDA6" blockId="25.[533,1533,208,856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Original description: Rectangular or quadrangular cells in girdle view, setae bend out, setae long, delicate with punctuation. Apical axis 20–43 μm.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E2837DFFC2FDC67E66AFD3FC9B" blockId="25.[533,1533,208,856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26"> +Examination of the +<typeStatus id="BF6E8840837DFFC2FCF47E66AF27FD4B" box="[775,871,624,648]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus> +material: only a few frustules were found on the slide. (The mica was observed using a 40X objective without oil to avoid destroying it): The aperture was quadrangular-hexagonal ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837DFFC2FCD97EA3AF3CFD0E" box="[810,892,693,717]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig 16A</figureCitation> +). The setae protruded from the elevated corners of the cell and were located more or less in the apical plane. Sibling setae crossed over just outside the chain border, with some fusion of the basal parts of the setae and with short basal parts present ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837DFFC2FDED7F0BAE8EFCF6" box="[542,718,797,821]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig 16A and 16B</figureCitation> +). Seta poroids were large and visible in LM as punctuations ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837DFFC2FAA07F0BA9E3FCF6" box="[1363,1443,797,821]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="25.[128,160,1831,1850]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,912,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-291@25.[128,1536,909,1810]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig 16. Lectotype material of C. lorenzianus from the Grunow Collection. A: Intercalary valves with oval-hexagonal aperture and some fusion of the basal parts of the setae. B: Intercalary seta poroids visible under the LM. Scale bars are 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g016" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827474/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig 16B</figureCitation> +), with a density of 7.2±1.7 poroids in 10 μm. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1.xml b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3f2e3eabcf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E8/7C/87/E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ +<document id="20E6535D58C12DC6E47974D061C8442A" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0168887" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5235366" ID-PubMed="28085887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827437" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974433489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Boonprakob, Atchaneey, Gaonkar, Chetan C., Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F., Lange, Carina B., Hernández-Becerril, David, Chen, Zuoyi, Moestrup, Øjvind & Lundholm, Nina" docDate="2017" docId="E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.12.1.e0168887.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0168887) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chaetoceros mitra" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="1445FF8C8364FFDBFFF37C16AC40FFC3" masterDocTitle="Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1722015775328" updateUser="ExternalLinkService"> +<mods:mods id="AC1C725CB81BE9463B707D10E43C22D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="F1F8B77A6C7CEBF0992E2A3A54CD2E95"> +<mods:title id="B7317F61564FA862CE2A3A7CD06A3F74">Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="B668F33CA32B3618B056C06EB97472E3" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="799E1E5AB76960D838AB8937E889408D"> +<mods:roleTerm id="CBA7D5C8DBBA8579903C0EA3B01C82D7">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="30067F03A66B073D473A4C3F35A7F617">Li, Yang</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="BF42EF7269CEA862A31461C95E022AE9">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="B608698FFB50EDF8A5222C80F8A4592E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="BDB2AFEB393CFC2A6791E811CBC4DA9A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="74F54174CF300571B2857746A1A254E8">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="07DD15ACDBBE7C8037982B9A7D81C50D">Boonprakob, Atchaneey</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="B6529AB343CAB5C4B635C268AD06AE01">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="00D24A56B28F8AD16779D554810EA700" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D318E68B7F6FDF19748D2B22172B6656"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6CD45100F4E99AC2E6AE2D18C35B2F11">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="F8BDFCAABE58CD81745344A757B13938">Gaonkar, Chetan C.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="BA9A2B7F946930BECB200BF0BDF44557">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7CFE85C59A552D747A9C0B6415760D8C" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="6FE41B9B4056DF966FE33597CDABAF53"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F96B8CB0E9EA4DD906B171FA04307AC9">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="1247E54208CD3239108C4E29C362CD2F">Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="A7BEBAE5D7CB3CA4D6FA5CE89CA7BDC3">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="254136A662CDAE7F09F2E10D7FFF6D5B" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="B7ED057F13BC8B10BFF421EEA09CBA4A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="16939B508E2D5E00298B2E0DAC7BF373">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="9909CFA83DDAC6625E1CE01F9B4CE6A1">Lange, Carina B.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="31E09F309E728A10B439B1A3DF1E4F7F">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy, & Department of Oceanography and Center COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="6DD8C77EED3DF2466BEC45A9CF9C3DC7" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="F4890694A78B97BD0DA89D7EBED78287"> +<mods:roleTerm id="263A0268F30C91BFC4D6985644E49592">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5AD3401DCF6E30EB292AB638F5C3AD78">Hernández-Becerril, David</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="F6531DE4BAEA0BA95E4015B6E366F5A1">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="FF5275A2459D27822D1A4B3D03C8E760" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="246C69C7E9CE77D6BF8E0006D15FCC20"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2593E10B618BBFB2F1BF3DEE426657FD">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="66AE60EB9C3821B4C222ECCA81C51D64">Chen, Zuoyi</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="090D4A1D68EC4E4444B74CF1AA9B539E">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="4988F55CE4D24D8FA26E2A1825A10B51" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="0956D23DBEDB580919E718B72DF9755C"> +<mods:roleTerm id="57F074F16C6F0D66AB004F95711651A3">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="8C9B73247CF89F5312E79635B3D7F4A5">Moestrup, Øjvind</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="FE580B5B5472325102965031E50293FD">Section of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="B15FD588B756CC8B05FDE4D80BACB318" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="616C26A9BC92A77F6638A1870E4E9AD3"> +<mods:roleTerm id="287764BAEC5B9ED46D94BC9F6587BFBB">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="A19A433F8D10C3C1D84F4DFF6BD4DC29">Lundholm, Nina</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="D052C438617ED1C7E93AE97821B14C7E">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="4451E442663D5EB68DC8069CEBF9ED21">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="EA820C316DE9253D392088CA0872531A" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="BC12BD74D679B679A238897F32DEB962"> +<mods:title id="048671FEF40134385D23FE2C3AF96640">PLoS ONE</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="483B538F378772F75C01F2231A3E9D51"> +<mods:date id="ECDB41938AD107CFC051D4626E666C15">2017</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="A59B9802D44953C50980C8471BE8C019" type="series"> +<mods:title id="4D534CDA185A934099FDFF7A41FB3F12">e 0168887</mods:title> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="48C8453537E6559BC039E28E97E24A93" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="C3AC360EDDC3860BED49352DC1727228">2017-01-13</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="1B3A0034C74A5C59871171D4273257F7" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="916B3A0236732123D04150696473B542">12</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="F42884D30611AEA3B47DCA376C45BD63" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="3BFF5F5C8B0DFC35E373F5161C2F9717">1</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="462F614727D6D01189C6BED011FF053C" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="B6252FCD394BE7FF230BE9094024A151">1</mods:start> +<mods:end id="BAB1062DCEE086F15441A52AEA6A3B5C">38</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="EB8E602E71C35AC37A78D7336AFE0C07">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="B407300F193B1AA39D9B555E5E126718" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0168887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="C7D20C9F4C9013C6C38E71FB989E858E" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="EF6DEF545D2F17803416BBF39CF7D018" type="PMC">PMC5235366</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="11986D9495DBE2E21A3229D41649CB9A" type="PubMed">28085887</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="BFB1D3A5361D256013E0D26442316B04" type="Zenodo-Dep">12827437</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87C87F48379FFC4FDE67F25A9EAFEB1" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30"> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698379FFC6FDE67F25AF57FC8C" box="[533,791,819,847]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28379FFC6FDE67F25AF57FC8C" blockId="29.[533,1536,819,1897]" box="[533,791,819,847]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30"> +<heading id="3B22818E8379FFC6FDE67F25AF57FC8C" box="[533,791,819,847]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="8"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FDE67F25AF57FC8C" ID-CoL="TB63" box="[533,791,819,847]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FDE67F25AF57FC8C" box="[533,791,819,847]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chaetoceros mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="28CF65698379FFC4FDE67F75A9EAFEB1" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description"> +<paragraph id="606A36E28379FFC6FDE67F75A83EFB52" blockId="29.[533,1536,819,1897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30"> +This was the first species of the +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FC927F72AFB6FCB8" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[865,1014,867,891]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FC927F72AF32FCB8" box="[865,882,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FC8D7F75AFB6FCB8" box="[894,1014,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +complex to be described, as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FAD77F75A9FBFCB8" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1856" box="[1316,1467,867,891]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FAD77F75A9FBFCB8" box="[1316,1467,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dicladia mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from the Sea of Kamtschatka ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FCE87F90AF2DFC5D" box="[795,877,902,926]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 20A</figureCitation> +) [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FC757F90AFDFFC5D" author="Bailey JW" box="[902,927,902,926]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref18062" refString="17. Bailey JW. Notice of microscopic forms found in the soundings of the Sea of Kamtschatka. Am J Sci Arts Sec Ser. 1856; 22: 1 - 6" type="journal article" year="1856">17</bibRefCitation> +] based only on a valve of a resting spore. When chains of cells were found, the taxon was transferred to +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FC087FBEA837FC03" box="[1019,1143,936,960]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FC087FBEA837FC03" box="[1019,1143,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chaetoceros</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +[ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FB757FBFA8DFFC02" author="Cleve PT" box="[1158,1183,937,961]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="3 - 22" refId="ref18095" refString="18. Cleve PT. Diatoms from Baffins Bay and Davis Strait. K Svenska Vet-Akad Handl. 1896; 22: 3 - 22" type="journal article" year="1896">18</bibRefCitation> +]. Cleve described the cells as forming straight chains with narrow peanut-shaped to narrow elliptical apertures, concave valves and strong terminal setae diverging c. 90˚, and diverging from the apical plane (Brunel Group II) with spirally arranged puncta and indistinct transverse striations ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FACE7807A9ACFBEA" box="[1341,1516,1041,1065]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 20B and 20C</figureCitation> +) [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FDED7825AE77FB88" author="Cleve PT" box="[542,567,1075,1099]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="3 - 22" refId="ref18095" refString="18. Cleve PT. Diatoms from Baffins Bay and Davis Strait. K Svenska Vet-Akad Handl. 1896; 22: 3 - 22" type="journal article" year="1896">18</bibRefCitation> +]. This agrees with our observations, except for the spiral arrangement of puncta. Cleve’s drawings (loc. cit. +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FD247840AF5DFBAD" box="[727,797,1110,1134]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 1C</figureCitation> +) show a pattern of spines or puncta on the spines similar to what we have seen ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FD79786FAF58FB52" box="[650,792,1145,1169]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 14A–14D</figureCitation> +), perhaps spirally inserted spines. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28379FFC6FDC6788DA950FA65" blockId="29.[533,1536,819,1897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30"> +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FDC6788DAEB1FB70" ID-CoL="TB63" box="[565,753,1179,1203]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FDC6788DAEB1FB70" box="[565,753,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chaetoceros mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can distinguished from all the other species of the complex by the sibling setae diverging 30˚–80˚ from the apical plane, defined as Brunel Group II ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FADE78A8A99DFB15" box="[1325,1501,1214,1238]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 13A and 13B</figureCitation> +) (Brunel 1972), as depicted by Cleve ([ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FC5178F7AFFBFB3A" author="Cleve PT" box="[930,955,1249,1273]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="3 - 22" refId="ref18095" refString="18. Cleve PT. Diatoms from Baffins Bay and Davis Strait. K Svenska Vet-Akad Handl. 1896; 22: 3 - 22" type="journal article" year="1896">18</bibRefCitation> +], +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FC2378F7A863FB3A" box="[976,1059,1249,1273]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 20C</figureCitation> +in the present paper). In the other species, setae are positioned more or less in the apical plane, i.e., Brunel Group I ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FAEA7915A9D9FAD8" box="[1305,1433,1283,1307]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 1C–1D</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FA567915A9B0FAD8" box="[1445,1520,1283,1307]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">4A–4C</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FDE67930AE1EFAFD" box="[533,606,1318,1342]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">8A–8B</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FD617930AEFDFAFD" box="[658,701,1318,1342]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">11A</figureCitation> +). Hasle & Syvertsen [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FC527930AFEEFAFD" author="Hasle GR & Syvertsen EE" box="[929,942,1318,1342]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="5 - 387" refId="ref17677" refString="6. Hasle GR, Syvertsen EE. Marine Diatoms. In Tomas CR (ed) Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press, London; 1997. pp 5 - 387" type="book chapter" year="1997">6</bibRefCitation> +] stated that +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FBC27930A8C6FAFD" ID-CoL="TB63" box="[1073,1158,1318,1342]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FBC27930A802FAFE" box="[1073,1090,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FBBE7931A8C6FAFD" box="[1101,1158,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, when seen in broad girdle view, has parallel or convergent terminal setae and in this way differs from +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FB03795FA9C4FAA3" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1264,1412,1352,1377]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FB03795FA941FAA3" box="[1264,1281,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FAFF795EA9C4FAA3" box="[1292,1412,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, whose terminal setae are diverging. This does not agree with our findings, the terminal setae in our material of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FD7D7998AEA4FA65" ID-CoL="TB63" box="[654,740,1422,1446]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FD7D7998AEDFFA66" box="[654,671,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FD587999AEA4FA65" box="[683,740,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were diverging, as illustrated by Cleve [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FB7A7998A8E2FA65" author="Cleve PT" box="[1161,1186,1422,1446]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="3 - 22" refId="ref18095" refString="18. Cleve PT. Diatoms from Baffins Bay and Davis Strait. K Svenska Vet-Akad Handl. 1896; 22: 3 - 22" type="journal article" year="1896">18</bibRefCitation> +], +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FB4B7998A94AFA65" box="[1208,1290,1422,1446]" captionStart="Fig 20" captionStartId="30.[533,565,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[533,1419,208,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-7@30.[533,1420,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 20. The original drawings of species of the C. lorenzianus complex. A: Resting spore of C. mitra by Bailey [17]. B and C: C. mitra by Cleve [18]. Vegetative chain, intercalary valve,terminal seta and apical view of seta positions (C), and chain with resting spores (B, lectotype).D: Vegetative chain of C. lorenzianus by Grunow [8]. E and F: Chaetoceros decipiens by Cleve [7]. G and H: Resting spores of C. lorenzianus by Okamura [39]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827482/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 20C</figureCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28379FFC6FDC679A7A965F8C2" blockId="29.[533,1536,819,1897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30"> +The morphology of the resting spore as a distinguishing character for +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FAE679A7A92AFA0B" ID-CoL="TB63" box="[1301,1386,1457,1481]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FAE679A7A966FA0B" box="[1301,1318,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FAC279A7A92AFA0B" box="[1329,1386,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +needs evaluation as similar resting spores can be found in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FC0679C2A81BFA28" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1013,1115,1491,1516]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FC0679C2A846FA28" box="[1013,1030,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FBE279C5A81BFA28" box="[1041,1115,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FB9979C2A89AFA2F" box="[1130,1242,1492,1516]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="14.[238,270,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[241,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@14.[238,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Resting spores of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (A and B) and SEM (C–F). A and B: Resting spores within mother cells in a chain; strain MC785. C and D: Released resting spores, showing two elongated elevations with dichotomous branching processes distally on the primary valve face and one (C) or two bulges (Fg D) on the secondary valve face; strain Ch12A1. E: Internal view of secondary valve with a ring of marginal punctae; strain Ch12A1. F: Hooks on the distal tips; strain MC785. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C–E scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827454/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 7A–7F</figureCitation> +) and were reported in material identified as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FD0979E0AFCFF9CD" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[762,911,1526,1550]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FD0979E0AF4BF9CE" box="[762,779,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FCE479E0AFCFF9CD" box="[791,911,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +[ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FC6C79E0AFECF9CD" author="Hasle GR & Syvertsen EE" box="[927,940,1526,1550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="5 - 387" refId="ref17677" refString="6. Hasle GR, Syvertsen EE. Marine Diatoms. In Tomas CR (ed) Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press, London; 1997. pp 5 - 387" type="book chapter" year="1997">6</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FC4479E0AF84F9CD" author="Jensen KG & Moestrup O." box="[951,964,1526,1550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="5 - 68" refId="ref17764" refString="9. Jensen KG, Moestrup O. The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in inner Danish coastal waters. Opera Bot. 1998; 133: 5 - 68" type="journal article" year="1998">9</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FC2379E0AFA9F9CD" author="Rines JEB & Hargraves PE" box="[976,1001,1526,1550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="5 - 196" refId="ref17794" refString="10. Rines JEB, Hargraves PE. The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Bibl Phycol. 1988; 79: 5 - 196" type="journal article" year="1988">10</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FC0679E0A84EF9CD" author="Okamura K." box="[1013,1038,1526,1550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="3 - 18" refId="ref18859" refString="39. Okamura K. Some littoral diatoms of Japan. Rep Imper Fish Inst Tokyo Japan. 1911; 7: 3 - 18" type="journal article" year="1911">39</bibRefCitation> +]. The differences with the +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FADA79E0A9CFF9CD" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1321,1423,1526,1550]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FADA79E0A97AF9CE" box="[1321,1338,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FAB679E0A9CFF9CD" box="[1349,1423,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">elegans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +resting spore is discussed below and differentiation with the spore of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FB527A0FA975F9F3" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[1185,1333,1560,1585]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FB527A0FA8F2F9F3" box="[1185,1202,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FB4E7A0EA975F9F3" box="[1213,1333,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +must await “true” +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FDE67A2AAEEAF990" ID-CoL="TB5V" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[533,682,1595,1620]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FDE67A2AAE66F990" box="[533,550,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FDC17A2DAEEAF990" box="[562,682,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">lorenzianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(from the +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408379FFC6FCEF7A2AAF09F997" box="[796,841,1596,1620]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus> +locality) being brought into culture. The illustration of a resting spore ([ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FD947A48AEC0F9B5" author="Berard-Therriault L & Poulin M & Bosse M." box="[615,640,1630,1654]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 387" refId="ref17828" refString="11. Berard-Therriault L, Poulin M, Bosse M. Guide d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent incluant egalement certains protozoaires. Publ. spec. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 1999; 128: 1 - 387." type="journal article" year="1999">11</bibRefCitation> +], pl. 38, fig e) appears to disagree with +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FBEF7A48A831F9B5" ID-CoL="TB63" box="[1052,1137,1630,1654]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FBEF7A48A86DF9B6" box="[1052,1069,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FBCB7A49A831F9B5" box="[1080,1137,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +due to the length of the elevations, the relationship between the length of the elevation and the processes as well as the slope of the elevation. In an account of fossil +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FC837AB5AFACF978" ID-CoL="62LPC" box="[880,1004,1699,1723]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FC837AB5AFACF978" box="[880,1004,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chaetoceros</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +spores by [ +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FB967AB5A83EF978" author="Suto I." box="[1125,1150,1699,1723]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="331 - 356" refId="ref18261" refString="24. Suto I. Taxonomy of the marine resting spore genera Dicladia Ehrenberg, Monocladia gen. nov. and Synendrum Ehrenberg and their stratigraphic significance in Miocene strata. Diatom Res. 2003; 18: 331 - 356." type="journal article" year="2003">24</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="04444B138379FFC6FB787AB5A8E4F978" author="Suto I." box="[1163,1188,1699,1723]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="351 - 374" refId="ref18884" refString="40. Suto I. Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the fossil marine diatom resting spore genera Dicladia Ehrenberg, Monocladia Suto and Syndendrium Ehrenberg in the North Pacific and Norwegian Sea. Diatom Res. 2005; 20: 351 - 374." type="journal article" year="2005">40</bibRefCitation> +], three ‘species’ (form-species) of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FDC37AD0AEC8F91D" box="[560,648,1734,1758]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FDC37AD0AEC8F91D" box="[560,648,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dicladia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are treated. Suto’s +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FCA37AD0AFA7F91D" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1856" box="[848,999,1734,1758]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FCA37AD0AFA7F91D" box="[848,999,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dicladia mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is different from our +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FB3E7AD0A95EF91D" box="[1229,1310,1734,1758]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="23.[404,436,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[407,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@23.[404,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 15. Chaetoceros mitra resting spores. LM (A–C), TEM (D) and SEM (E–G); strain P10A1. A: Early stage of resting spore formation. B and C: Mature resting spores within mother cells. D: Two elongated processes with dichotomous branches distally. E–G: Resting spores in different views,showing a row of silica warts along the secondary valve edge (arrowheads in E) and a ring of puncta at the secondary valve mantle (arrowheads in G). A–C scale bars, 10 μm. D–G scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g015" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827472/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 15B</figureCitation> +of +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FACD7AD0AE0EF8C3" ID-CoL="TB63" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FACD7AD0AE0EF8C3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chaetoceros mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The relationship between the recent and the fossil taxa is unknown. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="606A36E28379FFC4FDC67B1DA9EAFEB1" blockId="29.[533,1536,819,1897]" lastBlockId="31.[533,1524,207,370]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30"> +The size and density of the seta poroids ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FC177B1DA82AF8E0" box="[996,1130,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 14B–14E</figureCitation> +) differentiates +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FAF97B1AA920F8E0" box="[1290,1376,1803,1827]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FAF97B1AA95BF8E0" box="[1290,1307,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FAD47B1AA920F8E0" box="[1319,1376,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from all the other species in the complex ( +<tableCitation id="2D5703598379FFC6FCA37B38AFDEF885" box="[848,926,1838,1862]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[96,151,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-382@9.[96,1536,235,1056]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters for differentiating C. decipiens, C. elegans, C. laevisporus, C. mannaii, C. mitra and C. lorenzianus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" tableUuid="34AA666A836DFFD2FF937CC6A9C2FF20">Table 1</tableCitation> +), as +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618379FFC6FC3D7B38A864F885" box="[974,1060,1838,1862]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FC3D7B38AF9FF886" box="[974,991,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF08379FFC6FC187B39A864F885" box="[1003,1060,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has the smallest +<typeStatus id="BF6E88408379FFC6FB257B38A943F885" box="[1238,1283,1838,1862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus> +of seta poroids ( +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678379FFC6FA407B38AE6EF8AA" captionStart="Fig 17" captionStartId="26.[533,565,860,879]" captionTargetBox="[538,1359,211,835]" captionTargetId="figure-54@26.[533,1365,208,838]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig 17. Comparison of setae poroid sizes. Small letters on the x-axis indicate statistically significant differences among taxa. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g017" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827476/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig 17</figureCitation> +), measuring 0.2 ± 0.1 um, a size that can hardly be resolved in LM. The shape of the apertures is similar in +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837BFFC4FCF37CC6AF3BFF24" box="[768,891,207,232]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FCF37CC6AF51FF24" box="[768,785,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FCEE7CD9AF3BFF24" box="[797,891,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837BFFC4FC5C7CC6A844FF24" box="[943,1028,208,232]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FC5C7CC6AF80FF24" box="[943,960,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FC387CC6A844FF24" box="[971,1028,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and poroid sizes overlap, but the two species +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837BFFC4FDE67CE4AEB6FEC9" box="[533,758,242,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FDE67CE4AEB6FEC9" box="[533,758,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chaetoceros decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837BFFC4FCD97CE5AFC0FEC9" box="[810,896,242,266]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FCD97CE5AF7BFEC9" box="[810,827,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FCB47CE5AFC0FEC9" box="[839,896,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differ from each other in the density of setae poroids, presence/absence of fusion of the seta bases, the divergence of the intercalary setae from the apical plane (compare +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837BFFC4FD327D2EAF53FE93" box="[705,787,312,336]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 1D</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837BFFC4FCB47D2EAF30FE93" box="[839,880,312,336]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="21.[128,160,1684,1703]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-2@21.[128,1536,208,1662]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 13. LM of Chaetoceros mitra. Strain P10A1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and apertures.B: Detail of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle. C: Valve structure of terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 20 μm. C scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g013" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827468/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">13B</figureCitation> +) and the ornamentation of the valves. While +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837BFFC4FABD7D2EA988FE8C" box="[1358,1480,311,336]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FABD7D2EA91FFE8C" box="[1358,1375,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FA997D21A988FE8C" box="[1386,1480,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has scattered poroids, +<taxonomicName id="A7D54D61837BFFC4FD2B7D4CAF6DFEB1" box="[728,813,346,370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra"> +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FD2B7D4CAEA9FEB2" box="[728,745,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="52A1EAF0837BFFC4FD077D4DAF6DFEB1" box="[756,813,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">mitra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +lacks poroids on the valve face (compare +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837BFFC4FB157D4CA979FEB1" box="[1254,1337,346,370]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 2H</figureCitation> +and +<figureCitation id="F8EE2A67837BFFC4FA9E7D4CA9DAFEB1" box="[1389,1434,346,370]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">14H</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file