diff --git a/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C40E670FF30FB3193E0F90A.xml b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C40E670FF30FB3193E0F90A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..59ee5800180 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C40E670FF30FB3193E0F90A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ + + + +New combinations for nothotaxa of Populus (Salicaceae) from China + + + +Author + +Shang, Ce + + + +Author + +Zhang, Limei + + + +Author + +Zhang, Zhixiang +Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2016 + +2016-03-23 + + +253 + + +2 + + +176 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 +1179-3163 +13675991 + + + + + +Populus +× +xiaohei +T.S.Hwang & Y.Liang nothovar. +xiaozhuanica +(W.Y.Hsu & Y.Liang) C.Shang + + +comb. et stat. nov. + + + + + +Basionym:— + +Populus +× +xiaozhuanica +W.Y.Hsu & Y.Liang + +in +Wang & Dong (1982: 107) +. Parental taxa: + +Populus nigra +Linnaeus var. +italica +Münchhausen (1785: 79) + +× + +Populus simonii +Carrière. + + + + + +Type:— + +CHINA +. +Beijing +: 1963. + +Liang Yan +1004 + +( +holotype +: +CAF +not seen) + +. + + + + + +Populus +× +gansuensis + +and + +P. ×xiaozhuanica + +were described based on two artificial hybrids, and their hybrid formula were cited as + +P. nigra +var. +thevestina + +× + +P. simonii + +and + +P. nigra +var. +italica + +× + +P. simonii + +respectively. Both of the two names were in an inappropriate rank, since the rank of a nothotaxon should be the lowest rank of its parent taxa, if ranks of their parents are unequal (Art. H.5.2 of ICN). However, either of them may be nevertheless correct for + +P. nigra + +× + +P. simonii + +(Art. H.5.2 Note 1 and Ex. 1 of ICN). According to Art. H.4, only one name could be correct in the appropriate rank corresponding to a particular hybrid formula. Another name for a hybrid between + +P. nigra + +and + +P. simonii + +, + +P. +× +xiaohei + +was published in the same article, competing for the priority of + +P. nigra + +× + +P. simonii + +with + +P. +× +gansuensis + +and + +P. ×xiaozhuanica + +. Given that + +P. +× +xiaohei + +is a name in the appropriate rank, we propose two new combinations for + +P. +× +gansuensis + +and + +P. ×xiaozhuanica + +( +Fig. 1B +). + + +When + +P. +× +gansuensis + +was published, +Yang Xi-Lin 79014 +♀ +was cited as the type and two sheets of +Yang Xi-Lin 79014 +♀ +were found in LZD. According to the collecting record, the +two specimens +belong to the same gathering and should be treated as +syntypes +(Art. 9.5). With more mature leaves preserved well, LZD barcode 02727 is designated as the +lectotype +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E670FF30F82694DDFB76.xml b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E670FF30F82694DDFB76.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..47fd410b723 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E670FF30F82694DDFB76.xml @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ + + + +New combinations for nothotaxa of Populus (Salicaceae) from China + + + +Author + +Shang, Ce + + + +Author + +Zhang, Limei + + + +Author + +Zhang, Zhixiang +Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2016 + +2016-03-23 + + +253 + + +2 + + +176 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 +1179-3163 +13675991 + + + + + +Populus +× +xiaohei +T.S.Hwang & Y.Liang nothovar. +gansuensis +(Z.Wang & H.L.Yang) C.Shang + + +comb. et stat. nov. + + + + + +Basionym:— + +Populus +× +gansuensis +Z.Wang & H.L.Yang + +in in +Wang & Dong (1982: 106) +. Parental taxa: + +Populus nigra +Linnaeus var. +thevestina +( +Dode 1905: 210 +) +Bean (1914: 217) + +× + +Populus simonii +Carrière. + + + + + +FIGURE 1. +Correct names in the appropriate rank and their parentage for nothotaxa of + +Populus + +in +Flora of China +. +A, + +P. +× +berolinensis + += + +P. laurifolia + +× + +P. nigra + +, + +P. +× +berolinensis + +nothovar. + +berolinensis + += + +P. laurifolia + +× + +P. nigra +var. +italica + +, + +P. +× +berolinensis + +nothovar. + +jrtyschensis + += + +P. laurifolia + +× + +P. nigra +var. +nigra + +; +B, + +P. +× +xiaohei + += + +P. nigra + +× + +P. simonii + +, + +P. +× +xiaohei + +nothovar. + +xiaohei + += + +P. nigra +var. +nigra + +× + +P. simonii + +, + +P. +× +xiaohei + +nothovar. + +gansuensis + += + +P. nigra +var. +thevestina + +× + +P. simonii + +, + +P. +× +xiaohei + +nothovar. + +xiaozhuanica + += + +P. nigra +var. +italica + +× + +P. simonii + +. + + + + + +Type:— +CHINA +. +Gansu +: +Wuwei +, + +3 Apr 1979 + +. + +Yang Xi-Lin +79014 + +♀ +( +lectotype +: +LZD +barcode 02727 [image!], designated here; + + +isolectotype +: +LZD +barcode 02725 [image!]) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30F8B29777F881.xml b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30F8B29777F881.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7131c6d3820 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30F8B29777F881.xml @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ + + + +New combinations for nothotaxa of Populus (Salicaceae) from China + + + +Author + +Shang, Ce + + + +Author + +Zhang, Limei + + + +Author + +Zhang, Zhixiang +Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2016 + +2016-03-23 + + +253 + + +2 + + +176 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 +1179-3163 +13675991 + + + + + +Populus +× +xiaohei +T.S.Hwang & Y.Liang nothovar. +xiaohei + +. + + + + +Parental taxa: + +Populus nigra +Linnaeus var. +nigra + +× + +Populus simonii +Carrière + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30F92295E6F8F5.xml b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30F92295E6F8F5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..35fac085c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30F92295E6F8F5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + +New combinations for nothotaxa of Populus (Salicaceae) from China + + + +Author + +Shang, Ce + + + +Author + +Zhang, Limei + + + +Author + +Zhang, Zhixiang +Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2016 + +2016-03-23 + + +253 + + +2 + + +176 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 +1179-3163 +13675991 + + + + + +Populus +× +xiaohei +T.S.Hwang & Y.Liang + +in +Wang & Dong (1982: 109) +. + + + + +Parental taxa: + +Populus nigra +Linnaeus + +× + +Populus simonii +Carrière (1867: 360) + +. + + + + +Type:— + +CHINA +. +Beijing +: 1960. + +Liang Yan +1008 + +. ( +holotype +: +CAF +not seen) + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FB8E9459FBC5.xml b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FB8E9459FBC5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..681469af0cc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FB8E9459FBC5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ + + + +New combinations for nothotaxa of Populus (Salicaceae) from China + + + +Author + +Shang, Ce + + + +Author + +Zhang, Limei + + + +Author + +Zhang, Zhixiang +Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2016 + +2016-03-23 + + +253 + + +2 + + +176 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 +1179-3163 +13675991 + + + + + +Populus +× +berolinensis +K.Koch nothovar. +berolinensis + +. + + + + +Parental taxa: + +Populus laurifolia +Ledebour + +× + +Populus nigra +Linnaeus var. +italica +Münchhausen (1770: 229) + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FBE29520F985.xml b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FBE29520F985.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..422023d16da --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FBE29520F985.xml @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ + + + +New combinations for nothotaxa of Populus (Salicaceae) from China + + + +Author + +Shang, Ce + + + +Author + +Zhang, Limei + + + +Author + +Zhang, Zhixiang +Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2016 + +2016-03-23 + + +253 + + +2 + + +176 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 +1179-3163 +13675991 + + + + + +Populus +× +berolinensis +K.Koch nothovar. +jrtyschensis +(Chang Y.Yang) C.Shang + +comb. & stat. nov. + + + + +Basionym:— + +Populus +× +jrtyschensis +Chang Y.Yang + +in +Wang & Dong (1982: 112) +. Parental taxa: + +Populus laurifolia +Ledebour + +× + +Populus nigra +Linnaeus var. +nigra + +. + + + + +Type:— + +CHINA +. +Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region +: +Ertix River, Beitun +, s. dat, + +Yang Chang-you +755787 + +( +holotype +: +XJA +not seen) + +. + + + + + +Populus +× +jrtyschensis + +was described for a natural hybrid species distributed aside Ertix River. While the name was originally published, the multiplication sign ‘×’ was added ahead of the epithet ( +Wang & Dong 1982 +), declaring its hybridity. Its parents were then indicated to be + +P. laurifolia + +and + +P. nigra + +based on the transitional morphology characters between putative parent species ( +Yang 1992 +, +2012 +), and molecular evidence supporting this hypothesis was provided from a DNA barcode research ( + +Feng +et al. +2013 + +). However, the parentage statement of + +P. +× +jrtyschensis + +would make it a synonym of + +P. +× +berolinensis + +. + +Populus +× +berolinensis + +was described from +Berlin +and was thought to be a hybrid between + +P. laurifolia + +and + +P. nigra +var. +italica + +. Although it is in a rank inappropriate in relation to that hybrid formula (Art. H.5.2 of ICN), + +P. +× +berolinensis + +is nevertheless the correct name applicable to all hybrids between + +P. laurifolia + +and + +P. nigra + +(Art. H.5 Note 1 and Ex. 1 of ICN). Hence we propose a new combination for + +P. +× +jrtyschensis + +( +Fig. 1A +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FCFE97C4FC29.xml b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FCFE97C4FC29.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d9af41dcbaa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FC/87/03FC87825C41E671FF30FCFE97C4FC29.xml @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ + + + +New combinations for nothotaxa of Populus (Salicaceae) from China + + + +Author + +Shang, Ce + + + +Author + +Zhang, Limei + + + +Author + +Zhang, Zhixiang +Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2016 + +2016-03-23 + + +253 + + +2 + + +176 +178 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.253.2.9 +1179-3163 +13675991 + + + + + +Populus +× +berolinensis +K. +Koch (1865: 239) + +. + + + + +Parental taxa: + +Populus laurifolia +Ledebour (1833: 297) + +× + +Populus nigra +Linnaeus (1753: 1034) + +. + + + + +Type +:—Not designated. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F3/79/64/F3796406C03055A79C702BED3A537469.xml b/data/F3/79/64/F3796406C03055A79C702BED3A537469.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..be69f626f3b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F3/79/64/F3796406C03055A79C702BED3A537469.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1770 @@ + + + +Description of a new uniformly brown estuarine moray eel (Anguilliformes, Muraenidae) from the Central Indo-Pacific Ocean + + + +Author + +Huang, Wen-Chien +0000-0002-9482-8188 +Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Hibino, Yusuke +0000-0002-5670-3851 +Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan + + + +Author + +Balisco, Rodulf Anthony +0000-0001-9503-0912 +Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan & College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines + + + +Author + +Liao, Te-Yu +0000-0001-7588-200X +Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +15 +34 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1220.129685 +F5B389BC-9656-4288-A277-D236526727D8 + + + + + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 +, +4 +, +5 +, +6 +, +7 +, +Table 1 Common name: Hades’ snake moray + + + + + + + +Uropterygius concolor + +(not of Rüppell): +Sakai and Sato 1982: 79 + +, fig. 1, pl. I-A (Amami and +Okinawa +islands, +Japan +); + +Hatooka and Yoshino 1982: 95 + +, fig. 6, pl. IV ( +Okinawa +and Ishigaki islands, +Japan +); + +McCosker et al. 1984: 262 + +(Amami, +Okinawa +, and Ishigaki islands, +Japan +); + +Maeda and Tachihara 2006: 19 + +, table 1 ( +Okinawa +Island, +Japan +); + +Kanda et al. 2009 + +: fig. 3 A, table 1 (Ishigaki island, +Japan +); + + +Hibino +2018 in + + +Motomura et al. 2018: 25, unnumbered fig. (Kakeroma Island, +Japan +); + +Miyake et al. 2019 + +: fig. S 1 c, table 2 ( +Okinawa +Island, +Japan +). + + + + + +Uropterygius +cf. +concolor + + +4: + +Huang et al. 2023 a +: 595 + +, figs 1, 3, tables 2, 3 (Ryukyu Archipelago, +Japan +; possibly +Fiji +and southern +Java +, +Indonesia +). + + + + + + +Type material. + + + + + +Holotype + +. + +• +NMMB-P 039570 +( +349 mm +TL +, male); +estuary of the Zhuan River +( + +24°50'24.7"N +, +121°49'18.1"E + +), +Yilan County +, northeastern +Taiwan +; +dip net +at + +1.5 m + +, + +11 January 2024 + +, coll. +W. C. Jhuang +; GenBank + +COI + +accession number +PP 817258 + +. + + + + + +Paratypes + +. + +10 specimens +( +163–313 mm +TL +). + +Japan + +: • + +KAUM–I +.128986 + +( +205 mm +, sex unknown), +Sumiyo Bay +, +Amami Island +, +Amami group +, +Kagoshima Prefecture +, + +20 March 2019 + +, coll. +R. Furuhashi + +• + + +KAUM–I +.132509 + +( +171 mm +, mature female), +tidal flat of Sumiyo Bay +, +Amami Island +, +Amami group +, +Kagoshima Prefecture +, + +31 August 2019 + +, coll. +R. Furuhashi + +• + + +KAUM–I +.153507 + +( +264 mm +, mature female), +mouth of Yakukachi River +, +Sumiyo +, +Amami Island +, +Amami group +, +Kagoshima Prefecture +, + +27 April 2002 + +, coll. +T. Yonezawa + +• + + +KAUM +–I + +.177723 + +( +215 mm +, sex unknown) • + + +KAUM–I +.177724 + +( +190 mm +, sex unknown), +Setouchi +, +Kakeroma Island +, +Amami group +, +Kagoshima Prefecture +, + +23 November 2022 + +, coll. +S. Hashimoto + +• + + +KMNH VR +100621 + +( +231 mm +, mature female), +Oura River +, +Okinawa Island +, +Okinawa Prefecture +, + +20 May 2023 + +, coll. +K. Takatsuki + +• + + +KYUM-PI +4637 + +( +246 mm +, sex unknown), +Oura River +, +Okinawa Island +, +Okinawa Prefecture +, + +6 October 2014 + +, coll. +K. Maeda + +• +URM-P 48530 +( +163 mm +, sex unknown) • + +URM-P 48531 +( +204 mm +, sex unknown), coll. with +KYUM-PI +4637, GenBank accession numbers + +AP 019352 + +and + +AP 019353 + + +. + + +Philippines + +: • + +PNM +15806 + +( +313 mm +, mature female), + +inside the cave, about +50 m +from the entrance of the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River + +( + +10°11'55.6"N +, +118°55'33.7"E + +), +Palawan +, +tube trap at the bottom of the river +, about + +9.6 m +depth + +, + +03 May 2023 + +, coll. +W. C. Huang +, +R. A. Balisco +, and +W. C. Jhuang +, GenBank + +COI + +accession number +PP 817259 + +. + + + + +Non-type material. + + + +Three specimens +( +148–158 mm +TL +). + +Fiji + +: • + +AMS I +.43866-001 + +( +158 mm +, sex unknown), +mid Suetabu River +, +Vanua Levu +, + +February 2006 + + +. + + +Indonesia + +: • + +ZRC +44083 + +( +148 mm +, sex unknown), +Ujung Genteng +, +southern Java +, +obtained through aquarium trade +, + +02 October 1999 + + +. + + +Philippines + +: • + +ZRC +63518 + +( +155 mm +, sex unknown), +Matutinao River +, +Badian +, +Cebu +, + +25 November 2001 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +A small, slender moray eel, possible maximum +TL +< +350 mm +, female mature at +171 mm +TL +. Anus at mid-length of body. Eyes small and anteriorly placed. Snout pointed. Upper jaw slightly longer than lower jaw. Teeth sharply pointed with smooth edges and recurved tips; intermaxillary teeth in 5 rows; maxillary and dentary teeth biserial, inner rows extending to about posterior end of jaws; vomerine teeth in single row. No branchial pore. Body uniformly dark brown; head pores, oral cavity, and inner skin of posterior nostril and gill opening whitish; iris reddish-brown. Total vertebrae 117–122. + + + + +Description. + + +Values shown below from all the +14 specimens +, including +holotype +, +paratypes +, and non-types. Proportions in percentage of +TL +: tail length 47.6–51.4 ( +x ̄ += 49.6); preanal length 48.6–52.4 ( +x ̄ += 50.4); trunk length 35.8–41.3 ( +x ̄ += 38.6); head length 10.5–12.8 ( +x ̄ += 11.8); body depth at gill opening 2.9–4.4 ( +x ̄ += 3.7); body depth at anus 3.3–5.0 ( +x ̄ += 3.8). Proportions in percentage of +HL +: length of upper jaw 26.3–35.1 ( +x ̄ += 29.9); length of lower jaw 25.5–33.6 ( +x ̄ += 28.9); interorbital width 5.9–9.6 ( +x ̄ += 7.9); snout length 9.3–12.0 ( +x ̄ += 10.5); eye diameter 5.0–7.2 ( +x ̄ += 5.8). Vertebral counts: pre-anus vertebrae 55–58 ( +x ̄ += 57); pre-dorsal fin vertebrae 102–109 ( +x ̄ += 105); pre-anal fin vertebrae 103–110 ( +x ̄ += 106); total vertebrae 117–122 ( +x ̄ += 119) (Table +1 +). + + + + + + +Morphometric measurements, teeth, and vertebral counts of + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +and + +U. mactanensis + +. Mean values are indicated in parentheses and mode values are indicated in brackets. Abbreviations: +HL +, head length; +TL +, total length. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Source + +U. hades + +sp. nov. + + +U. mactanensis + +
HolotypeParatypes & non-typesThis study (Iriomote Island) +Huang et al. 2023 a +
+NMMB-P 039570 + +n += 13 + +n += 2 + +n += 21 +
+TL +(mm) +349148–313316–370231–342
+% +TL +
Tail length47.647.9–51.4 (49.8)51.4–52.548.5–52.7 (51.0)
Preanal length52.448.6–52.1 (50.2)47.5–48.647.3–51.5 (49.0)
Trunk length41.335.8–40.3 (38.4)35.4–35.834.5–39.2 (36.6)
Head length11.210.5–12.8 (11.8)11.7–13.211.0–13.5 (12.4)
Body depth at gill opening4.42.9–4.4 (3.6)5.2–5.65.1–6.5 (6.0)
Body depth at anus3.93.3–5.0 (3.8)4.4–4.94.2–6.1 (5.1)
+% +HL +
Length of upper jaw35.0 +26.3–35.1 (29.5) +a +33.3–34.933.7–40.9 (38.7)
Length of lower jaw33.6 +25.5–33.1 (28.5) +a +32.7–34.333.2–40.8 (38.1)
Snout length11.79.3–12.0 (10.4)13.8–14.312.6–15.7 (14.3)
Interorbital width9.6 +5.9–9.1 (7.8) +a +9.8–13.09.1–12.6 (10.9)
Eye diameter5.25.0–7.2 (5.9)7.8–9.27.8–10.4 (8.8)
Teeth
Intermaxillary-peripheral11 +8–13 [9] +a +10–129–14
Intermaxillary-intermediate3 – 4 +3–6 [3] +a +22–5
Intermaxillary-median3 +2–5 [3] +a +32–3
Maxillary-outer24 – 28 +18–36 [26] +a +17–2216–25
Maxillary-inner14 – 16 +7–19 [11 & 13] +a +5–65–8
Vomerine3 +2–9 [5] +a +6–82–11
Dentary-outer35 – 36 +26–43 [36] +a +31–3627–40
Dentary-inner18 +8–22 [13] +a +5–76–8
Vertebrae
Pre-anus58 +55–58 (57) +b +48–5047–51 (49)
Pre-dorsal fin105 +102–109 (105) +b +9995–101 (98)
Pre-anal fin106 +103–110 (106) +b +102100–104 (102)
Total119 +117–122 (119) +c +110–111107–112 (110)
+ + + +a +Data not including +AMS I +. 43866-001. +b +Data not including +AMS I +. 43866-001 and +URM-P 48530 +. +c +Data not including +URM-P 48530 +. + + + +A small, slender moray eel, anus at mid-length of body, tail laterally compressed, body depth roughly consistent throughout whole fish except for narrower, pointed head and tail tip (Figs +3 +, +4 +). Fins inconspicuous and restricted to posterior portion of tail, caudal fin short. Gill opening small and oval, below lateral midline of body. Eyes small and anteriorly placed, closer to snout tip than to mouth corner, snout / upper jaw length 0.30–0.40 ( +x ̄ += 0.36). Snout short and somewhat pointed, space between eyes narrow, anterior portion of head triangular in dorsal view. Jaws moderately long, upper jaw slightly longer than lower jaw, teeth not visible when mouth closed. Anterior nostril short and tubular, close to tip of snout, shorter than eye dimeter in length. Posterior nostril a large oval hole with a raised rim, above and posterior to anterior margin of eye, opening upward (Fig. +5 +). + + + + + + +Fresh colorations of + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +A +NMMB-P 039570 +, holotype, 349 mm +TL +, male +B +PNM +15806, paratype, 313 mm +TL +, female. Arrows indicate the position of the anus. + + + + + + + +Live photos of + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +A +NMMB-P 039570 +, holotype, 349 mm +TL +, male +B +PNM +15806, paratype, 313 mm +TL +, female. + + + + + + + +Lateral views of the head of + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +showing the positions of cephalic sensory pore series and whitish superficial neuromasts +A +NMMB-P 039570 +, holotype, 349 mm +TL +; red circles for supraorbital pores; green circles for infraorbital pores; blue circles for preoperculo-mandibular pores +B +ZRC +44083, non-type specimen, 148 mm +TL +. Arrows indicate the gill opening. + + + +Three supraorbital pores, first and second pores on tip of snout; first pore below base of anterior nostril; second pore next to upper base of anterior nostril at horizontal level of lower eye margin; third pore on upper margin of snout, above and posterior to first infraorbital pore. Four infraorbital pores, arranged along upper jaw with equal intervals, first pore posteriorly next to base of anterior nostril; second pore below and anterior to eye; third pore below midpoint of eye; fourth pore below and posterior to eye. Six preoperculo-mandibular pores lining along lower jaw anterior to mouth corner (Fig. +5 A +). No branchial pore observed except in +one specimen +( + +ZRC + +63518) having one pore on left side of posterior-dorsal head, representing a rare variation. + + +Teeth sharply pointed with smooth edges and recurved tips. Intermaxillary tooth plate with 5 rows of teeth; peripheral rows with 8–13 (mode 9) tightly arranged small teeth on each side; teeth on intermediate and median rows significantly larger than those on peripheral rows, about twice as tall and depressible, intermediate rows with 3–6 (3) teeth on each side, median row with 2–5 (3) teeth. Maxillary teeth biserial; outer row with 18–36 (26 and 28) teeth, continuous with peripheral intermaxillary teeth of similar size and shape, teeth slightly smaller at posterior end; inner row with 7–19 (11 and 13) straight, widely spaced teeth, continuous with intermediate intermaxillary teeth of approximately the same size and shape, extending to, exceeding, or near posterior end of outer row, with teeth becoming smaller at posterior end. Vomerine with 2–9 (5) small, conical teeth in single row. Dentary teeth biserial; outer row with 26–43 (36) teeth, small and equal-sized, closely arranged; inner row with 8–22 (13) slender and straight teeth, twice taller than teeth on outer row, widely spaced, anterior and posterior teeth smaller than middle ones, extending to or near posterior end of outer row (Fig. +6 +). + + + + + + +Dentition of + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +, +NMMB-P 039570 +, holotype. Upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right). Dotted circles represent the sockets of missing teeth. + + + +Body uniformly dark brown, color slightly lighter ventrally, covered with greenish mucus when alive. Head pores, oral cavity, and inner skin of posterior nostril and gill opening whitish. Iris reddish-brown. Whitish superficial neuromasts arranged in several lines on head region and in a row along lateral body (Fig. +5 B +). Preserved color mostly same as in fresh, but slightly faded. + + + + +Distribution. + + +This species is widely distributed in estuaries of the Central Indo-Pacific Ocean, ranging from southern Java to +Fiji +, and extending north to the Ryukyu Archipelago of +Japan +. + + + + +Etymology. + +The new moray eel is named after Hades, the ancient Greek god of the underworld, in reference to its habitation in turbid estuarine waters, high sensitivity to light, and its uniformly dark coloration, reminiscent of the underworld god. A noun in apposition. + + + +Comparisons. + + +In molecular analyses, the topology of the + +COI + +tree (Fig. +2 +) reveals that + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +, + +U. concolor + +, + +U. +cf. +concolor + +1, + +U. +cf. +concolor + +2, + +U. +cf. +concolor + +3, and + +U. mactanensis + +are monophyletic, which concord with the findings of +Huang et al. (2023 a +). Two + +COI + +sequences from GenBank, originally identified as “ + +U. concolor + +” ( + + +AP +019352 + + +and + + +AP +019353 + + +), clustered with the two + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +sequences generated in this study. The two voucher specimens, +URM-P 48530 +and +URM-P 48531 +, have been examined and designated as +paratypes +of + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +Additionally, a sequence from BOLD Systems identified as “ + +Gymnothorax australicola + +” ( +PHILV +560-15) was found to cluster with + +U. +cf. +concolor + +1 (Fig. +2 +). This extends the possible distribution range of + +U. +cf. +concolor + +1 northward to the +Philippines +, where it overlaps with + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +and + +U. mactanensis + +(Fig. +1 +). Lastly, large +K 2 P +genetic distances were observed between + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +and + +U. concolor + +(18.1 %), + +U. +cf. +concolor + +1 (18.5 %), + +U. +cf. +concolor + +2 (17.1 %), + +U. +cf. +concolor + +3 (20.0 %), and + +U. mactanensis + +(19.7 %), further supporting the validity of the new species. + + +In morphological comparisons, + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +can be easily distinguished from + +U. concolor + +(including its three synonyms) and + +U. mactanensis + +by its exclusively small eyes (5.0–7.2 % vs 7.7–11.0 % and 7.8–10.4 % of +HL +), absence of branchial pore (vs one in both species) and extended inner rows of teeth reaching the posterior end of jaws (Table +2 +). + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +has a similar vertebral formula to + +U. concolor + +(Fig. +7 +), but the former has a shorter tail compared to the latter (47.6–51.4 % vs 52.4–60.0 % of +TL +). Additionally, despite overlapping in tail length proportions, + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +differs from + +U. mactanensis + +by having a narrower body depth at gill opening (2.9–4.4 % vs 5.1–6.5 % of +TL +), a shorter snout (9.3–12.0 % vs 12.6–15.7 % of +HL +), shorter jaws (25.5–35.1 % vs 32.7–40.9 % of +HL +), a narrower interorbital width (5.9–9.6 % vs 9.1–13.0 % of +HL +), and more vertebrae (117–122 vs 107–112) (Table +1 +). Morphological data for the remaining members of the + +U. concolor + +species complex (i. e., + +U. +cf. +concolor + +1, + +U. +cf. +concolor + +2, and + +U. +cf. +concolor + +3) are quite limited and cannot be compared with the new species, except for one + +COI + +sequence-bearing specimen of + +U. +cf. +concolor + +3 ( +WAM +P. 34389-001, +301 mm +TL +) with 112 total vertebrae ( +Huang et al. 2023 a +). Nevertheless, the tree topology and genetic distances between each clade strongly support their classification as different species (Fig. +2 +). + + + + + + +Comparison of selected characteristics of + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +, + +U. concolor + +, + +U. mactanensis + +, and the three synonyms of + +U. concolor + +: + +Anarchias insuetus + +, + +A. vermiformis + +, and + +Gymnomuraena fusca + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +Eye diameter (% +HL +) + +Tail length (% +TL +) +Total vertebrae +N +of branchial pore +Teeth row extends to the posterior end of jaw?Source
Inner maxillaryInner dentary
+ +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +5.0–7.247.6–51.4117–1220YesYesThis study
+ +Uropterygius concolor + +7.7–11.052.4–60.0117–1241YesNo1, 2
+ +Anarchias insuetus + +7.955.01131NoNo1, 3
+ +Anarchias vermiformis + +7.756.51171n / an / a1
+ +Gymnomuraena fusca + +1058.3114 +1NoNo1
+ +Uropterygius mactanensis + +7.8–10.448.5–52.7107–1121NoNo3, this study
+ + + +1. +Böhlke and Smith 2002 +; 2. +Smith et al. 2019 +; 3. +Huang et al. 2023 a +. + + + + + + + +Radiograph showing the skeletal structure of + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +, +PNM +15806, paratype, 313 mm +TL +. Arrow indicates the position of anus. + + + + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +may also be confused with six uniformly brown moray eels in the genus, namely + +Uropterygius cyamommatus +Huang, Liao & Tan, 2023 + +, + +Uropterygius genie +Randall & Golani, 1995 + +, + +Uropterygius golanii +McCosker & Smith, 1997 + +, + +Uropterygius inornatus +Gosline, 1958 + +, + +Uropterygius versutus +Bussing, 1991 + +, and + +Uropterygius xenodontus +McCosker & Smith, 1997 + +. The absence of a branchial pore in + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +can serve as the primary diagnostic characteristic to distinguish it from congeners. + +Uropterygius cyamommatus + +, + +U. genie + +, + +U. golanii + +, + +U. inornatus + +, and + +U. xenodontus + +each possess a single branchial pore, while + +U. versutus + +has two branchial pores. + +Uropterygius hades + +sp. nov. +also has fewer vertebrae (117–122 total vertebrae) compared to + +U. cyamommatus + +(141–149), + +U. golanii + +(145–148), + +U. versutus + +(131–138), and + +U. xenodontus + +(152–157), but overlaps with + +U. genie + +(121–122) and + +U. inornatus + +(116–133). However, + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +differs from + +U. genie + +and + +U. inornatus + +by having smaller eyes (5.0–7.2 % vs 10.4–11.4 % and 7.7–10.0 % of +HL +), a shorter tail (47.6–51.4 % vs 53.5–54.5 % and 52.4–54.5 % of +TL +), and different dentition (biserial maxillary teeth vs about 4 rows and uniserial). Refer to table +2 in +Huang et al. (2023 b +) and the references cited therein for more detailed comparisons. + + + + + +Note on additional records of + +U. mactanensis + +. + + + +During our survey at several Japanese museums, +two specimens +having one branchial pore on both sides of head, formerly identified as + +U. concolor + +, were found from the Kyushu University Museum (catalog numbers + + +KYUM-PI + +2591 + +and 2612) (Fig. +8 +). Although we were unable to assess the genetic features of these specimens, they can be identified as + +U. mactanensis + +based on diagnostic characteristics (Table +1 +). They were collected from the shallow bottoms around two adjacent small reef crests, one located off Funaura and the other off the mouth of the Kura River on Iriomote Island. The collection sites feature coarse sandy areas with large patch reefs, while the shallower regions contain scattered small patches of seagrass. Several marine muraenid species were collected by the same series of tube traps, such as + +Echidna nebulosa +( +Ahl, 1789 +) + +, + +Gymnothorax flavimarginatus +( +Rüppell, 1830 +) + +, + +Gymnothorax javanicus +( +Bleeker, 1859 +) + +, + +Gymnothorax thyrsoideus +( +Richardson, 1845 +) + +, + +Gymnothorax zonipectis +Seale, 1906 + +, and + +Scuticaria tigrina +( +Lesson, 1828 +) + +. + + + + + + + +Uropterygius mactanensis + +collected from Iriomote Island, + +KYUM-PI +2591 + +, 316 mm +TL +A +fresh coloration +B +live photo. Photographed by Atsushi Tawa. + + + +The second author has examined most museum collections of “ + +U. concolor + +” from Japanese waters, identifying the majority as + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +, with only +two specimens +identified as + +U. mactanensis + +. This implies the rarity of + +U. mactanensis + +in the Ryukyu Archipelago. As a rare case of confusion between the two species, the general information previously provided for Japanese “ + +U. concolor + +” (e. g., +Tachihara 2017 +) possibly refers solely to + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +Many photos of “ + +U. concolor + +” collected from the estuary of Iriomote Island can further support the identification of + +U. hades + +sp. nov. +based on general appearance and the absence of branchial pores. These photos can be found on FishPix ( +https://fishpix.kahaku.go.jp/fishimage-e/ +) ( + +KPM-NR +275 + +, 3350, 20306, 42937, 42948, 42949, 42950), photographed by H. Senou and T. Suzuki. + + + + +Material examined. + + +• + + +KYUM-PI + +2591 + +( +316 mm +TL +), off mouth of Kura River, Iriomote Island, Yaeyama Group, Ryukyu Islands, +1 November 2009 +, coll. A. Tawa • + + +KYUM-PI + +2612 + +( +370 mm +TL +), off Funaura, Iriomote Island, Yaeyama Group, Ryukyu Islands, +5 November 2009 +, coll. A. Tawa. + + + + \ No newline at end of file