From 394ce4645554c1ba3c1e095b729da61b456b1c3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2024 18:07:22 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-18 18:02:19 --- .../A6/F275A6752C794002FCA6A64FFDDE6A42.xml | 239 ++++++++++++++++++ .../A6/F275A6752C794004FCA6A38EFC816962.xml | 186 ++++++++++++++ .../A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A34EFF466A82.xml | 115 +++++++++ .../A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A5AEFD8B6BC2.xml | 105 ++++++++ .../A6/F275A6752C7F4002FF70A56EFE566822.xml | 133 ++++++++++ 5 files changed, 778 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794002FCA6A64FFDDE6A42.xml create mode 100644 data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FCA6A38EFC816962.xml create mode 100644 data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A34EFF466A82.xml create mode 100644 data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A5AEFD8B6BC2.xml create mode 100644 data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C7F4002FF70A56EFE566822.xml diff --git a/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794002FCA6A64FFDDE6A42.xml b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794002FCA6A64FFDDE6A42.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..95500e7520a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794002FCA6A64FFDDE6A42.xml @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ + + + +A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales + + + +Author + +García, Miguel A. +Ladislav Mucina & Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo + + + +Author + +Mucina, Ladislav +& Daniel L. Nickrent & 28014 Madrid, Spain & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia & & Daniel L. Nickrent & Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nickrent, Daniel L. +Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, 332 Emerson Hall, College of Agriculture and Life Science, + +text + + +TAXON + + +2024 + +2024-02-29 + + +73 + + +1 + + +190 +236 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.13123 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.13123 +1996-8175 +14047584 + + + + + +5. +Thesidium +clade: + + + + + +Thesium +subg. +Hagnothesium + +(BIPP 1). +— +To maintain a monophyletic + +Thesium +( +Forest & Manning, 2013 +) + +, species previously classified in the genus + +Thesidium +( +Sonder, 1857 +) + +were reclassified as + +Thesium +sect. +Hagnothesium + +A +.DC. +Zhigila & al. (2020) +. They later raised this section to the rank of subgenus ( + +T + +. subg. + +Hagnothesium + +( +A +.DC.) Zhigila & al.). These species are CFR endemics and include annual to shrubby plants with mostly tetramerous flowers and a dioecious sexual condition. Some species, including + +T. microcarpum + +A +.DC, + +T. fragile + +( +Fig. 3C +) and + +T. quartzicolum +Zhigila + +& al. have morphologically similar male and female plants (monomorphic) whereas + +T. fruticulosum + +( +A +. +W +.Hill) J. +C +.Manning & F.Forest, + +T. minus + +( +A +. +W +.Hill) J. +C +.Manning & F.Forest, + +T. strigulosum + +A +.DC. (= + +T. hirtum +(Sond.) Zhigila + +& al., nom. illeg.), + +T. longicaule +Zhigila + +& al. and + +T. leptostachyum + +A +.DC. are dimorphic. In the latter case, male plants usually have small herbaceous bracts and female plants have conspicuous leafy bracts. Although we only sampled five species, the ITS phylogeny ( +Fig. 2A +) resolves two highly supported clades separating sexually dimorphic and monomorphic species. + + + +Fig. 3. +Caption on next page. + + + +The nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies suggest that + +Thesium +subg. +Hagnothesium + +is an early-divergent lineage that, in spite of being endemic to the CFR, is more closely related to Eurasian, North African, and +Canary Islands +lineages ( + +T + +. subg. + +Thesium + +). According to our chloroplast phylogeny it is sister to + +T + +. subg. + +Thesium + +, however this relationship is not resolved by ITS. Instead, + +T + +. subg. + +Hagnothesium + +is nested within + +T + +. subg. + +Thesium + +(clade 2), making the latter paraphyletic. + + +Unsampled species include + +T. leptostachyum + +, + +T. longicaule + +, + +T. quartzicolum + +, and + +T. strigulosum + +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FCA6A38EFC816962.xml b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FCA6A38EFC816962.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..95b3d7ce1f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FCA6A38EFC816962.xml @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ + + + +A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales + + + +Author + +García, Miguel A. +Ladislav Mucina & Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo + + + +Author + +Mucina, Ladislav +& Daniel L. Nickrent & 28014 Madrid, Spain & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia & & Daniel L. Nickrent & Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nickrent, Daniel L. +Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, 332 Emerson Hall, College of Agriculture and Life Science, + +text + + +TAXON + + +2024 + +2024-02-29 + + +73 + + +1 + + +190 +236 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.13123 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.13123 +1996-8175 +14047584 + + + + + +4. +Kunkeliella +clade (BIPP 1). + + + + +— +This clade ( +Fig. 2A +), composed of endemics to the +Canary Islands +archipelago, was formerly placed in the genus + +Kunkeliella +( +Stearn, 1972 +) + +and members were reclassified as + +Thesium +sect. +Kunkeliella + +by +Forest & Manning (2013) +. Two species were sampled here: + +T. subsucculentum +(Kämmer) J.C.Manning & F.Forest + +( +Fig. 3B +) from the north coast of Tenerife ( +Canary Islands +, +Spain +) and + +T. retamoides + +( +A +.Santos) J. +C +.Manning & F.Forest from the southern part of the same island. The three ITS clones of + +T. subsucculentum + +( +A +, B, +C +) and two clones of + +T. retamoides + +( +A +, B) were not monophyletic based on species. However, +Rodríguez-Rodríguez & al. (2022) +found enough genetic variation based on microsatellite markers to consider them different species, a conclusion also supported by morphology. On Tenerife, all the species have stems covered with an indument of tiny hairs, whereas + +T. canariense +(Stearn) J.C. Manning & F.Forest + +, endemic to Gran Canaria Island, is glabrous. Otherwise, the flowers, fruits and general habit of these plants are similar except for the smaller flowers of + +T. canariense + +. That species is the only one in the genus known to be gynodioecious, i.e., with bisexual and female flowers on separate plants ( +Pérez de Paz & al., 2015 +). +Stearn (1972) +considered this a genus separate from + +Thesium + +based mainly upon its possession of isopolar pollen and drupaceous fruits. Isopolar pollen is of questionably diagnostic value as it has been found in several South African species of + +Thesium + +plus intermediates between heteropolar and isopolar pollen +types +are known ( +Lobreau-Callen, 1980 +). Fleshy fruits are also present in + +T. fragile + +L.f., + +T. triflorum + +and + +T. radicans + +. + + +Unsampled species include + +Thesium canariense + +from Gran Canaria and + +T. psilotocladum +Svent. + +from Tenerife (extinct). Recently, a new species, + +T. palmense +P.Pérez & P.Sosa + +, was described from La Palma, closely related to + +T. retamoides + +from Tenerife. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A34EFF466A82.xml b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A34EFF466A82.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..62cf885ff89 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A34EFF466A82.xml @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ + + + +A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales + + + +Author + +García, Miguel A. +Ladislav Mucina & Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo + + + +Author + +Mucina, Ladislav +& Daniel L. Nickrent & 28014 Madrid, Spain & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia & & Daniel L. Nickrent & Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nickrent, Daniel L. +Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, 332 Emerson Hall, College of Agriculture and Life Science, + +text + + +TAXON + + +2024 + +2024-02-29 + + +73 + + +1 + + +190 +236 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.13123 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.13123 +1996-8175 +14047584 + + + + + +0. +Lacomucinaea +clade (BIPP 1). + + + + +— +Lacomucinaea lineata +(L.f.) Nickrent & M. +A +.García ( +Fig. 3A +), previously known as + +Thesium lineatum + +, was classified as a distinct genus by +Nickrent & García (2015) +based on molecular and morphological evidence. This genus is sister to + +Osyridicarpos + +and that clade is sister + +Thesium + +, relationships with the highest support from both ITS and the chloroplast genes ( +Fig. 2A +). One may ask why + +Lacomucinaea + +was not included within + +Osyridicarpos + +. These two genera share several morphological features, e.g., primary phloem fiber bundles near the stem surface, bisexual flowers, lack of a swollen pedicel, and fleshy fruits with smooth exocarps. They differ in other characters such as habit (shrub vs. scrambling subshrub), leaf morphology, leaf persistence, inflorescence structure, presence of external floral gland, style length and ribbing on ovary. Four species have been described in + +Osyridicarpos + +although it is frequently treated as monotypic ( + +O. schimperianus + +). Further studies might prove that several species should be recognized in the genus, all of them very different from + +Lacomucinaea + +. Thus, the preponderance of molecular and morphological evidence justifies recognition of two genera. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A5AEFD8B6BC2.xml b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A5AEFD8B6BC2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9f909f3024e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C794004FF70A5AEFD8B6BC2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + +A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales + + + +Author + +García, Miguel A. +Ladislav Mucina & Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo + + + +Author + +Mucina, Ladislav +& Daniel L. Nickrent & 28014 Madrid, Spain & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia & & Daniel L. Nickrent & Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nickrent, Daniel L. +Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, 332 Emerson Hall, College of Agriculture and Life Science, + +text + + +TAXON + + +2024 + +2024-02-29 + + +73 + + +1 + + +190 +236 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.13123 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.13123 +1996-8175 +14047584 + + + + + +1. +Thesium +clade (BIPP 1). + + + + +— +This clade ( +Fig. 2A +) contains all species now classified as + +Thesium + +and includes taxa formerly placed in + +Austroamericium + +, + +Chrysothesium + +, + +Kunkeliella + +, and + +Thesidium + +. The monophyly of + +Thesium + +including these genera and excluding + +Lacomucinaea + +is also resolved with chloroplast markers with the highest support + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C7F4002FF70A56EFE566822.xml b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C7F4002FF70A56EFE566822.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c1cc725b639 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F2/75/A6/F275A6752C7F4002FF70A56EFE566822.xml @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ + + + +A tough nutlet to crack: Resolving the phylogeny of Thesium (Thesiaceae), the largest genus in Santalales + + + +Author + +García, Miguel A. +Ladislav Mucina & Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo + + + +Author + +Mucina, Ladislav +& Daniel L. Nickrent & 28014 Madrid, Spain & Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Perth, Australia & & Daniel L. Nickrent & Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nickrent, Daniel L. +Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, 332 Emerson Hall, College of Agriculture and Life Science, + +text + + +TAXON + + +2024 + +2024-02-29 + + +73 + + +1 + + +190 +236 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.13123 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.13123 +1996-8175 +14047584 + + + + + +6. +Mauritanica +clade (BIPP 1). + + + + +— +In our sampling this clade contains a single species, + +Thesium mauritanicum + +( +Fig. 3D +), from North Africa ( +Morocco +, +Algeria +). Its position on the phylogenetic tree ( +Fig. 2A +) indicates that it is phylogenetically distinct from the African clade (26). When +Battandier (1889) +described + +T. mauritanicum + +he suggested a relationship with + +T. bergeri +Zucc. + +(and its synonym + +T. graecum +Boiss. & Spruner + +) from +W +Asia and +Greece +. However, ITS and chloroplast sequences show that species as part of clade 9. The flowers of + +T. mauritanicum + +differ little from Eurasian + +Thesium +species + +but dense pubescence on the stems, leaves, bracts, abaxial surface of the petals and fruits are uncommon characters in the genus. This clade corresponds to + +T + +. ser. + +Mauritanica +Hendrych + +that also included the Libyan endemic + +T. erythronicum +Pamp. It + +shares with + +T. mauritanicum + +a subshrub habit and reticulate fruits; however, the two species differ in several vegetative and inflorescence features suggesting that it might be related to other Paleoboreal species, possibly in clades 8 or 9. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file