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<document id="BB3CAA8BB90592721E8A43ACC060D888" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190" ID-publisher-id="138190" URI-arpha="2EE04AE6-60CC-5CCC-8939-A396BA49F4FB" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1739384605553" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Metusala, Destario" docDate="2025" docId="F384924D3987587C92289507231E449E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 252: 65-76" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 252" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/138190/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Chiloschista tjiasmantoi Metusala 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="2EE04AE660CC5CCC8939A396BA49F4FB" masterDocTitle="A new species of genus Chiloschista (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Sumatra Island, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1739391739865" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods id="DCA29C5748321A4FE8D7787852184654" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C420F4CEDD46ADB2C2276FC013BE2B21">
<mods:title id="3DDB856FC7F7158565E688203C1D31CC">A new species of genus Chiloschista (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Sumatra Island, Indonesia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4AA46CDA7A7FCC4F5DB022188007140E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3E1701D3EE215A44CED97B248EEED33B">
<mods:roleTerm id="770100A166204248865EB9A65FDEBE6D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FF2AC42F8E409FFA16EE04F2C3851566">Metusala, Destario</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="36B67A58BB36C725E7F2CF2ACD4B0B90" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0483-1883</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2EBDF123C4902D1947BCC8C72AA42AC6">Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7DD0D0FF8903A4C3EE534FED6D3799E5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="72618A6DF9D12C00FBE7E017F21776C7">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="625025212BCBB56225C393E23F6D17CF">
<mods:date id="66C829989A12A0094DF2B20A0DC62877">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F70A2B2442627F8CDE549614E53829F8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="23619B235794806A7F4E4AF68C58C99B">2025-02-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B3CFF9305D6E65BAD82003ADCF7FA15E" type="volume">
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<mods:classification id="CAF491504E2AE4155D86CFF0C8C63175">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BEC1471086983D8C494138E3874ACFE9" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F384924D3987587C92289507231E449E" ID-arpha="F384924D-3987-587C-9228-9507231E449E" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77356634-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F384924D3987587C92289507231E449E" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77356634-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F384924D3987587C92289507231E449E" scope_family="Orchidaceae">
<subSubSection id="F63B3FA863B2F3A299589E5CDDF050FB" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="849CAAA9A067A66DD369B4C67C649DB8">
<taxonomicName id="14F6C58EDC2C1BE90278374E31715537" authority="Metusala" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6BD8FD89D8165B9855F5048E8F489E57" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
Metusala
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7D4369DD364FD576F6B4418F85D910C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3MAC" type="material">
<paragraph id="4734665D95A90FAB9020FAC1009BB66B">
<heading id="292FF8DD60DE5127A8D359E21E108605" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEF2D3F1D9423ADF5321F18440652497">
<materialsCitation id="203C0473A1FE2A5B141A5BCDFAFFBB1F" collectionCode="BO" country="Indonesia" county="Aceh Province" elevation="900" location="Aceh Province" specimenCode="RIO 9118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatra" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="488C79AF3432A83BE3468E4ACA8F01B7" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="9C989C13D93DDC4B17C292F9C237C19C" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="F86141827060E9115A3EFB9902B3F504">Aceh Province</collectingCounty>
, c.
<quantity id="D4056073DD715BED904CC2A60A26B534" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation id="D1FDAD8ACFF176C745F987C81BE0B58E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="CBA5B02146F6C97227D8B57292F0F2D8" italics="true">
<specimenCode id="03879934D1782E794EDDC2E579164A55">RIO 9118</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="2901EE90ACE95CE471E22FBAE4BED5D8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="64E9E649C81694AEC1445E71F6C7D179" country="Indonesia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15186" name="Herbarium Bogoriense" type="Herbarium">BO</collectionCode>
!) (detailed localities are not shown here for conservation purpose)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EENAC" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4A43FFAD1A62A22738BBA48153C6E4C6">
<heading id="2EBBDE241577ABE15C77C178088B78EC" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4503537B094BF4C75A014D6E578685B7">
<taxonomicName id="E5D6A25BC0B6D6D8BE476B10CA21BA0F" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="A95E9A084CFE674180A97312F73F7DC9" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="6153079D121F04187F9FF49FC7B21DA6" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="748CCFCCE29F571FEE4613F885AD46C8" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in having oblong-obovate petals (vs. broadly elliptic to ovate petals), narrowly oblique oblong side lobes with truncate to obtuse apex (vs. relatively straight triangular side lobes with obtuse apex), a lip sac that has a “ V ” shape in longitudinal section view with a narrow angle of about 45–50 ° (vs. a lip sac that has an “ L ” shape in longitudinal section view with a wide angle of about 90 °), and a very narrow cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip (vs. a rather broad cavity).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAOAC" type="description">
<paragraph id="3B46CA7325B12E7C5B32FB67346A19EE">
<heading id="D01720BC160B08B67C747FDFC3CEDEB3" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1AD50A1B47D1D3ED0FB2783B0C46A57">
Epiphytic herb. Roots numerous, spreading, terete to slightly flattened, 2.0–
<quantity id="42C1A87CD105EBE7D43C9434E25F72B3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, greyish-green when wet and becoming grayish-white when dry, grow radially from a short stem as the central, and mature individuals can grow elongated to reach more than 30.0 cm. Stem reduced, very short, erect, simple 2.0–4.0 mm long, up to 3.0 mm in diameter, densely covered with dry stem bracts. Stem bracts are triangular active, and persistent, and encircle the stem tightly. Leaves one or two,
<quantity id="4411BF62020071C88F055FE48EC5FCD1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
long, deciduous, unseen in cultivation. Inflorescence axillary, arising among the roots gap, pendulous, up to 31.0 cm long in total, peduncle c. 2.0 mm in diam. near base, terete, densely covered with short white hairs, purplish near base and becoming purplish green toward apex, sometimes branched at the base, up to 30 flowered per rachis, flowers arranged spirally in a slightly zig-zag pattern and open simultaneously, each flower can last up to 5 days; flower bracts triangular, 2.0–3.0 mm long × 1.5–2.0 mm wide, acuminate to caudate, pubescent, greenish and soon becoming brown when old. Pedicel and ovary about 2.0 mm long, terete, brownish-green to purplish-green, covered with whitish hairs. Flower rather thin-textured, 1.0–
<quantity id="259201A66250914905B77C12E7D7017B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
high × 1.0–
<quantity id="482F45A037A92A39F4DEE968073510EB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
wide, open widely, sepals and petals yellowish cream or yellow with orange or reddish spots, labellum yellowish cream with reddish or orange spots on their sac, column yellowish green with orange tinge on its foot. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, 5.0–6.0 mm long × 4.0 mm wide, obtuse to rounded, both surfaces pubescent. Petals oblong-obovate, 5.0–6.0 mm long × 3.0–4.0 mm wide, truncate to rounded, both surfaces pubescent. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-elliptic, 6.0 mm long × 4.0–5.0 mm wide, obtuse, both surfaces pubescent. Lip immobile, minutely papillose externally, 3 - lobed, deeply saccate, indistinctly canaliculated ventrally,
<quantity id="AA9F54250D64A7347DFA41999EF61034" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.2 mm</quantity>
long, 4.0–
<quantity id="3FC6A4C1305BF7B82B287D0FF78DA591" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
high (from side lobes apex to basal part of sac), 2.0–
<quantity id="9D2D8FAEF53D95F89456E3CB93E85B80" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
wide at front; side lobes erect to slightly curved inwards, obliquely oblong to rather falcate, c. 2.0 mm long × c.
<quantity id="6FE4745FC3B3D6C597369C9DFACA1D27" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
wide near base and narrowed gradually to about 1.0 mm near apex, apex truncate to rounded, yellowish cream with red streaks on internal surface; front lobe subtrapezoid, short c. 1.0–
<quantity id="7112FD99CE9D14C7F474B3068655E94E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="32E1EA699FCC6E65E03DE243106573B8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, apex truncate to slightly emarginate, curved; sac ovate to subrectangular from front view, “ V ” shape in longitudinal section view, 2.0–
<quantity id="91BF0B0FA9A82FD6C2493DD72D8B45CD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long × 2.0–
<quantity id="173E1D4F176312492EC6F036FF42A133" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
wide, apex truncate or retuse or slightly bilobed, yellowish cream with pale reddish or pale orange spots on external surface around the apex; callus a fleshy thickening arise from basal to middle of the internal front wall, split into two oblong hairy callus that rises up to sac opening, creating a small narrow cavity between apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip; column short 1.5–2.0 mm long (excluding the anther cap), foot about
<quantity id="8611D9E735C3DFF1DC652C8DB19C2720" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.5 mm</quantity>
long; anther cap cucullate, yellowish or cream, c.
<quantity id="43FE1A1EBA8AA003261D683ACEC82FBC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="2654A932BE7039261D94E8C85A08832F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; pollinarium two unequal globose on a narrowly linear to triangular stipe, yellow. Fruit not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFOAC" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DA15C19AF0ED3F365189D77A9E51CEFF">
<heading id="C5FE7F9CC94555D1A2C152911F25E2E1" reason="title">Distribution, habitat and phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="482BFC9F6E5661F12F383C21F963D642">
Based on the existing data, the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="5C6CEA2E65B77198898696B72DD4A62C" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="62786E14B6EE180894FD6AFE1DB5926A" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be restricted to
<collectingRegion id="613C6276AB9105D2DEFBDC1D158D6339" country="Indonesia" name="Aceh">Aceh Province</collectingRegion>
, the most northern part of
<collectingRegion id="47442DDEF6E26277B9371E9757F43DBA" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
Island. This new species is currently only known from five locations in two different regencies at elevation ranging from
<quantity id="F4ED0CF739C6FAA444104C438B583E6F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="700.0">700–1000 m</quantity>
. The populations of this species were mostly found growing epiphytically on old coffee trees (
<taxonomicName id="664A1375E4BD4767E0F503D411F8FAB4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="304266796B114C7A1028B493D89843E7" italics="true">Coffea</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
) and shade trees (
<taxonomicName id="3E2F29661A78C1A11AF3AB4B0597EF81" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leucaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F59EE8A81E71D5617181AA592A33E3C7" italics="true">Leucaena</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
) in the local coffee plantations, together with
<taxonomicName id="292F937CEAFEF469C96942678834B1C7" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Vanda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="8DDC4D8BD39CED8680561A1434CFC3D0" italics="true">Vanda pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="97FD64B1EE92CA2DBC6E684986CE8E44" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
), in a windy and semi – opened wet habitat with medium sunlight intensity. Flowering recorded in mid-July, early November to late December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUPAC" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="47AB2E793153D0D4279EF276A1F901EA">
<heading id="B175E19C4532001277ED39BE8D94B779" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFBA013DA3F18D92D143C8A54EFF896D">The specific epithet “ tjiasmantoi ” honors Wewin Tjiasmanto, the chairman of Tjiasmanto Conservation Fund and a philanthropist concerned with the Indonesian plant conservation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZPAC" type="Cultivation">
<paragraph id="85B0A7BB74801EE7DBC70911E68F2947">
<heading id="CD9D6F5C38587571E1B9C88C6E76B863" reason="title">Cultivation.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05FCE204EAB42F1468AD5B1C39980F44">
<taxonomicName id="3F8E34578C6742BF7EDD96F368FF673B" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="E285B4552B099BCB7903DA8F2AC6F9AF" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems rather difficult to cultivate at lower elevations (
<specimenCount id="810D4F89D3E1C5BCA4D47DA9C2556011" count="300" type="generic">
<quantity id="28EECD63E5B80F35A81F8C912D368C0D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a. s. l). However, it was successfully grown by attaching it to a slab of tree fern with a top dressing of moss to prevent the roots from drying out, under a light intensity of about 30–75 % with good air circulation and humidity levels of about 80 % or more.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELAAE" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9E2CD9A1B207A6E57128533108B7416F">
<heading id="62E1389CADD0CAD129CD5A023B71B648" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686BD94121A7B125EAF26CA760AE4914">
This new species is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="B291025C21BBC678D18D28D922C8DE9D" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="8A8878F77854F981E3602A1D4AC3D192" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="469E61C43CDC1C0207C7CD59B3A9B81B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Chiloschista tjiasmantoi sp. nov. (A, B) and Chiloschista javanica (C, D) A inflorescence B flower, oblique view. C flower, front view D flower, oblique view. Photos by Destario Metusala." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1247922">1 C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2D9613EFA869CDF23DA3084CEBF9E314" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lip of three Chiloschista species A C. sweelimii, natural shape, front view B C. tjiasmantoi, natural shape, front view C C. javanica, natural shape, front view D C. sweelimii, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view E C. tjiasmantoi, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view F C. javanica, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view. A and D redrawn after Ong Poh Teck in Teck (2016). Drawn by Destario Metusala." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1247925">4 C, F</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="978B239D31DA833CA12113D2467927AF" baseAuthorityName="Teck" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sweelimii">
<emphasis id="E02884A58C380C3D8A9CAA940CE02D9A" italics="true">C. sweelimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="58838BA84CC557F86128175396F0F745" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lip of three Chiloschista species A C. sweelimii, natural shape, front view B C. tjiasmantoi, natural shape, front view C C. javanica, natural shape, front view D C. sweelimii, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view E C. tjiasmantoi, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view F C. javanica, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view. A and D redrawn after Ong Poh Teck in Teck (2016). Drawn by Destario Metusala." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1247925">4 A, D</figureCitation>
). However, there is a geographical separation among these three species.
<taxonomicName id="32B432FCDDFF4A8BF38665B147E869BD" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="A412723E3ABBA6EAD00AF6889628A908" italics="true">C. tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thus far only recorded from Aceh Province, the northernmost region of Sumatra Island;
<taxonomicName id="1DE0A55BCC504C9A7DA0D3F29D585F87" baseAuthorityName="Teck" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sweelimii">
<emphasis id="A99ECF954C034A99C48FDF30CE74DA5F" italics="true">C. sweelimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Malay Peninsula and
<collectingCountry id="70E0F34441419AEB20F47ECA01E75C8F" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="56F9599CA2DCA778793E2E8FC144AFEA" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="80512BDEB8C4556476538E8100CDB3EA" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Java Island.
</paragraph>
<caption id="72858704343D6B9B76C15AFAD5152FB8" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190.figure1" ID-arpha="878FF1F5-0C27-5DE9-8FE9-99762AC9949C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1247922" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="7A56C3350E22B170554A0EBBFC69CA17">
<label id="AB3F064B9F5FE2AF2F55181F6932861B">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A0CA114A1BE58E33FCD628F12DC85F9">
<taxonomicName id="A2F5C8768ED4D3A9FAE3C83749EBA881" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="82FC7C47C3D2AA2312FCA87288E8A886" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CEAF8E3058C71645448C39CAB261ACFC" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="D8BEEFB43167B8CE79009676D5C415B5" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="A1C24542DFEF4EE2989658786DA3EA96" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="42ED8327079A2A2C2FAAF3883D6016FA" italics="true">Chiloschista javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="FF6AE4E0592963C3AB00FF03EBC5804C" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="4C3BB04AF2553AEB349A05B11FC9318C" bold="true">A</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis id="BADC64202B3B34A85F4671F5A7F25746" bold="true">B</emphasis>
flower, oblique view.
<emphasis id="F150A76931CE7E9DD8C4FDBC7215D1DC" bold="true">C</emphasis>
flower, front view
<emphasis id="CD454E7099805427FD6ABB440CD25202" bold="true">D</emphasis>
flower, oblique view. Photos by Destario Metusala.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5CC895C52020DCE3DBF0A8390DEFFE11">
<taxonomicName id="75F15D36F09728C7E4C8F0085522891B" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="B2E4CE36AE3D4439D8860A9A3C840ACA" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="296E325142E7A8C97B53983DBCFA81EF" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="66FAD6FADBCA5A03A054D068B7DF393E" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having narrower oblong-obovate petals, narrowly oblique oblong side lobes with truncate to obtuse apex, a lip sac that has a “ V ” shape in longitudinal section view with a narrow angle of about 45–50 °, a narrow cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip. Meanwhile,
<taxonomicName id="CBF2EA716ED16064BA6709D8E823621E" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B72E33B3C698EA7BE4A9D32E6D1E874A" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has broadly elliptic to ovate petals, relatively straight triangular side lobes with obtuse apex, a lip sac that has an “ L ” shape in longitudinal section view with a wide angle of about 90 °, and a rather broad cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3E9131B278922787F1CF0B3EF3A20B85" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190.figure2" ID-arpha="63527D5B-E6D1-5C41-81A5-3A22105AF724" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1247923" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="646F1E1F7EF9648ABA0F4839EC09B7D2">
<label id="6914C8379A434DCF8431931FB9891025">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="409D9929C629DA9ECC9BA29B4191A8AA">
<taxonomicName id="6AFBFA8D1487AF5FB0918642BACD86B5" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DD43CA62852C70733E60D73E2C1883D0" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="775DA9597DA9AA706DE92D548F3B8956" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="A7D49AE4D5E7A410EB5D1BE4D1E98758" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habitus with inflorescence
<emphasis id="2EA8DF4F1C7EC7835049D0BDAC30929D" bold="true">B</emphasis>
flower, natural shape, front view
<emphasis id="2414EEF5431D2CF602E4EFE2CC9AF27B" bold="true">C</emphasis>
flower, natural shape, oblique view
<emphasis id="DEDD828EC78615589093EA0653B610BB" bold="true">D</emphasis>
dorsal sepal, flat shape
<emphasis id="90FB0DCB30ACA0F941530278E00FECAA" bold="true">E</emphasis>
petal, flat shape
<emphasis id="3B8DD1A95559341FAEAF20BA12234C7D" bold="true">F</emphasis>
lateral sepal, flat shape
<emphasis id="1936CE1A803D3B9431F42117661B8E26" bold="true">G</emphasis>
column and foot, oblique view
<emphasis id="5A0D26C06EFE2FE875C64F6EB8FB82CF" bold="true">H</emphasis>
column and foot, front view
<emphasis id="4012E911B24B0CAB9FF5B1952B97DC7D" bold="true">I</emphasis>
column and lip, side view
<emphasis id="91FC72063E3A3EF5790C920368676469" bold="true">J</emphasis>
pollinia
<emphasis id="B351FAC45C40FB2BC18C44C12C29A957" bold="true">K</emphasis>
stipe and viscidium
<emphasis id="B4FBA8D92C9807AB190F2CF7B9C4C23D" bold="true">L</emphasis>
lip, above view
<emphasis id="3F33D82AECFD48B0255BFEFECE1D2A0A" bold="true">M</emphasis>
lip interior, back view. Line drawing by Destario Metusala from
<emphasis id="4905671BCEC1C62E9A3FF9B3554B5CA2" italics="true">RIO 9118</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F059A9F455BAD4215EC452FEA740F3C2">
Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="21E3F10DBC0BF0E8410AB654D5EBAFC1" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="BC62153151282E28245C422F36D6B297" italics="true">C. tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="F29D8EDC99BFFEA71ACBF428274588B3" baseAuthorityName="Teck" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sweelimii">
<emphasis id="90136A0D89B33B9CE39CECCDC06DE0A5" italics="true">C. sweelimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having sepals and petals with hairs on both sides, oblong-obovate petals, a broadly oblong-elliptic dorsal sepal, basal front lobe without any callus, an ovoid to subrectangular lip’s sac from front view with a truncate to slightly bilobed apex, and an oblong fleshy thickening that arises from basal to middle of the internal front wall. This thickening then divides into a 2 - lobed hairy callus that rises near the sac opening, creating a cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="1795596D5FD4956CEF05FA35D3978D30" baseAuthorityName="Teck" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sweelimii">
<emphasis id="B53466D5C0050E8FB9971B283C7EADF0" italics="true">C. sweelimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has sepals and petals with hairs only on their adaxial surface, ovate to orbicular petals, an ovate dorsal sepal, basal front lobe with large callus on either side (each c. 1.5 × 1.0 mm), a triangular shaped lip’s sac from front view with pointed obtuse apex, and the absence of prominent internal callus inside the lip’s sac (
<bibRefCitation id="08C381452735890B7B1F3B447A7BD404" author="Teck" firstAuthor="Teck" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Orchid Review" pagination="83-85" refId="B37" refString="Teck OP (2016) A revised description of Chiloschista sweelimii, an endemic orchid species from Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Orchid Review 50: 83–85." title="A revised description of Chiloschista sweelimii, an endemic orchid species from Peninsular Malaysia." volume="50" year="2016">Teck 2016</bibRefCitation>
). A comparison between the new species and its morphological allies is shown in Table
<tableCitation id="E34DD29C5B351FD93CA7CE902C050E67" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison among the new species and its allies." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/05CC9D29B6F2B636AA1E0257748E1FB1" tableUuid="05CC9D29B6F2B636AA1E0257748E1FB1">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="05CC9D29B6F2B636AA1E0257748E1FB1" ID-Table-UUID="05CC9D29B6F2B636AA1E0257748E1FB1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/05CC9D29B6F2B636AA1E0257748E1FB1" startId="T1" targetIsTable="true">
<paragraph id="1BA1DF20CDDB356F35ECB20A49747562">
<label id="D451480D824506A0009E4304EB1E6F21">Table 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1ACAB26D6ABEBA76A6BAA3DEFDDA0417">Morphological comparison among the new species and its allies.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="88C95C6AD0E63159753A93F670BCF2D0">
<table id="TID0EMYAG" rules="all">
<tbody id="7C75ED9D8D681588EBDF9476BAAA6BDE">
<tr id="4807ECAEEC41F0569B43CC5B94030C43">
<th id="F10165B319DB56942DC92E809E1B7C88" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th id="D65B9E6EC97C267CBAA00E71DDB4039E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="78B8CD310B938BE8762C08EEC11B0023" authority="Metusala" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="A1E99E5DE63928201DB8521F49A9A4BF" italics="true">C. tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
Metusala
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="CAAE3190B6851FBCAD915533C8B69B4E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="95084C041AEC130BAE8E6A473611D508" authority="Schltr" authorityName="Schltr" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="A26B87FB1302982CA0FD16B20348FC15" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
Schltr
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<taxonomicName id="A8265BE3E59A3A5D70E1C318BB8C74EB" authority="Holttum Flower" authorityName="Holttum Flower" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sweelimii">
<th id="EF351D209D01638832F7B028FF657C02" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="68A4CAB9EBDD3559A1CEE1C7766D7479" italics="true">C. sweelimii</emphasis>
Holttum
</th>
<tr id="C920E3A5F277A743836B709924749C2D">
<td id="9E987CCAACE3D1437268651884715931" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Flower colour</td>
<td id="CA6C1C6AEECC439B7CC76EC7ED656F06" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sepals and petals yellowish cream or yellow with orange or reddish spots, lip yellowish cream with reddish or orange spots on their sac and side lobes with pale reddish orange stripes</td>
<td id="3466C575A2134BCD8E2683FAD7DE9961" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sepals and petals yellowish cream or yellow with orange or reddish spots, lip white or cream with pale reddish or orange spots on their sac and side lobes with pale reddish orange stripes</td>
<td id="1A26345604D7D282050E6E99FD1BE479" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sepals and petals yellow with orange-brown blotches, lip white on their sac and side lobes with reddish-orange stripes</td>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
</tr>
<tr id="E604BE8009BCE579C3937C195DB5E9CF">
<td id="9B75F6C4C5FA670A2AC1C6D1866E0A01" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Dorsal sepal</td>
<td id="7A2EC46B8F791F04D4123F06BF5FAEC7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Oblong-elliptic, 5.0–6.0 mm long × 4.0 mm wide, obtuse to rounded, both surfaces pubescent but abaxial with shorter hairs</td>
<td id="436C9EA94C3B0F2A016CEA92C3AF370D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptic, 5.0–6.0 × 3.0–3.5 mm, obtuse to rounded, adaxial surface pubescent, abaxial with scattered shorter hairs</td>
<td id="6BEAD902525B8C263E275FF9C456244A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ovate, 5.0–6.0 × 3.5–5.0 mm, obtuse to acute, only adaxial surface pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3B8EAE5EAA7BA0B628AC29DDEFBA680B">
<td id="F9F05202740E0F04BC9D2F9510A8CDA2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Lateral sepals</td>
<td id="9E02F4230FCACEE282A568E38761CAEB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Obliquely oblong-elliptic, 6.0 mm long × 4.0–5.0 mm, obtuse, both surfaces pubescent but abaxial with shorter hairs</td>
<td id="02E00BC66183A9A82F9F17423C264374" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Elliptic, 4.0–5.0 mm × 3.0–3.5 mm, obtuse to rounded, adaxial surface pubescent, abaxial with scattered shorter hairs</td>
<td id="5530DF0E015E94263A87B731BE4A493D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, 5.0–6.0 × 3.5–5.0 mm, obtuse to acute, only adaxial surface pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C7FC9DECBFFCFD3AC8D15685F779619">
<td id="173025344494CA8EDFDC78B4A6F6A0B5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Petals</td>
<td id="1A82E43A62602883326E197BA8FFA519" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Oblong-obovate, 5.0–6.0 mm long × 3.0–4.0 mm wide, truncate to rounded, both surfaces pubescent but abaxial with shorter hairs</td>
<td id="43F778CCD0FBB50109B6A96AE3BBA37E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Broadly elliptic to ovate, 4.0–4.5 × 3.0–3.5 mm, obtuse to rounded, adaxial surface pubescent, abaxial with scattered shorter hairs</td>
<td id="D51BFC9DAE60CEF2C1ACB9F693111DA4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ovate-orbicular, 4.0–5.0 × 3.0–4.5, obtuse, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="29AD96C2353140FB86BF70030E7550D4">
<td id="FDFFFE676590B61DC13F103887BA3302" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Side lobes</td>
<td id="8D3E26E9F61BAC3F78B6725245C4F7FE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Obliquely oblong, slightly falcate,
<emphasis id="9498289F7B90FFA2D9A5EBCE9171871E" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 1.5 mm wide at base and narrowed gradually to about 1.0 mm near apex, truncate to obtuse
</td>
<td id="BDC70D89962F92C684BE3BB8B0EF4E7E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Triangular, relatively straight,
<emphasis id="C550B37096FE473E7CA1FD53F09BDD7C" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 1.9 mm wide at base and narrowed gradually to about 0.8 mm near apex, acute
</td>
<td id="A1A47D572A2AFFD2C824805DF4704392" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Obliquely oblong, slightly falcate, c. 2 mm wide at base and narrowed gradually to about 0.9 mm near apex, acute to obtuse</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3C25CBBA35AE4F2E98558B7AA7A20D80">
<td id="4E313BED93B1F5850DBD9ED7FBCF67EF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Front lobe</td>
<td id="39DD781B9FD5CF7C67FE645DAC136344" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Broadly subtrapezoid, short,
<emphasis id="A7CEB55721A67BE456BDA70BE1AA7AB1" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 1.0–1.5 × 1.5 mm, apex truncate to slightly emarginate, curved, base without any callus
</td>
<td id="34A3B13EC4024440024AE64A8AEFFBC4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Broadly subtrapezoid, short,
<emphasis id="F9AD8A0BD79DE7684818A02696B32CA3" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 1.0–1.5 × 1.5 mm, apex truncate to slightly emarginate, curved, base without any callus
</td>
<td id="40041519674E8C3EED48A972E01622AE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Broadly triangular, short,
<emphasis id="2D537469C4D186BAA7518EB2C98ECA71" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 2.0 × 1.0 mm, apex retuse, base with large callus on either side (
<emphasis id="A77D4B2C6961723B8CBF56AE847671C4" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 1.5 × 1.0 mm)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="447830C0248708C148882A959C315ECD">
<td id="FFE431A8C230AA77628AECA0CF55D280" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Lip’s sac</td>
<td id="F8F76A52C6F7D2F1526DBE8CF5145FDD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Ovate to subrectangular from front view, forming a “ V ” shape in longitudinal section view with a narrower angle (45–50 °),
<emphasis id="BD526AFEC689BA1FA184D059E3D434C3" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 2.0–2.5 × 2.0–2.3 mm, apex retuse to slightly bilobed
</td>
<td id="8D3705AC519F63338FD1A3258A831DB1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Subrectangular from front view, forming an “ L ” shape in longitudinal section view with a wider angle (90 °),
<emphasis id="26ABC2D938BDB73715F2582E0D713759" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 2.0–2.3 × 2.7–3.0 mm, apex retuse
</td>
<td id="2628269A01C9601952A7806489AF98AB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Triangular from front view, forming a “ V ” shape in longitudinal section view with a narrower angle (45–50 °),
<emphasis id="6E833E39BED2695C0295853BF6C76685" italics="true">c</emphasis>
. 4.0–5.0 × 3.0–3.5 mm, apex obtuse
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="945DA07C60327EF101CA6FC66B7F9EA9">
<td id="05D44D3AB0F6DE75DF9AC57FCB1D63E3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Internal lip’s sac ornament</td>
<td id="851F2BA9A139C9B72CF9BA6DB04653DA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">An oblong fleshy thickening arises from basal to middle of the internal front wall, split into 2 lobed hairy callus that rises to sac opening, creating a small narrow cavity between apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe</td>
<td id="1AFFB2A9E10166547698B302DCB0C137" colspan="1" rowspan="1">A large and high oblong fleshy thickening arises from basal to middle of the internal front wall, split into 2 lobed long protruding hairy callus that rises to sac opening, creating a cavity between apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe</td>
<td id="02A8E5001954D3552D45308F4EBCEB5D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Internal callus absence</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="5F7D0393CF7F2F1FBA67D28518BE2E12" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190.figure3" ID-arpha="930BB319-7FFF-5C20-9368-7E3DCA90BBAB" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1247924" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="A7E12800FACF0FBCF993CFC2C630B16B">
<label id="87BBCCBFE67C45FD7DD4137FE578C322">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B89D6434F8A4725E613A84FC4DF6A779">
<taxonomicName id="F2463F382D9E43D3205D8A459AC37CDF" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9EA8EB438142A06548BDC51502955DE5" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B1F4FC0DECCD6712A06B4D0B4B04CA5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Flowering plants
<emphasis id="FAF6A6AC011BF1107D2E790B49FCD7AC" italics="true">in situ</emphasis>
. Photos by Alfajaruddin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EA753B72AE79590A70D18F903D93D9B4">
This new species will be the fifth
<taxonomicName id="C58D47B28A7CEA683A4312EB1128D10C">
<emphasis id="6032B54B33FB9447CC4735C437B4E933" italics="true">Chiloschista</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="C5177417245ED79482D2AC3CD86C70F7" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, and the first record of this genus on
<collectingRegion id="77B1F9880F627FD78AB3526BC937C0E9" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
Island. With the exception of
<taxonomicName id="2B6539CEF274BA8438E3295319FACAC6" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phyllorhiza">
<emphasis id="A98DD1338ED58D1874769864FD57E570" italics="true">C. phyllorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species are endemic to the country and appear to have restricted distributions. Although the flowers of some species appear nearly identical in appearance, the internal structure of the lip can be very different, which suggests this would be a good key character for further identification of this genus (
<bibRefCitation id="B490CDF276D1B09B2D3721A38C9F4060" DOI="10.15517/lank.v19i1.37030" author="Gyeltshen" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gyeltshen" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Lankesteriana" pagination="23-29" refId="B7" refString="Gyeltshen C, Dalstrom S, Gyeltshen N, Tobgay K (2019) A new spotted Chiloschista (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) From Bhutan. Lankesteriana 19 (1): 23–29. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v19i1.37030" title="A new spotted Chiloschista (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) From Bhutan." volume="19" year="2019">Gyeltshen et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7D33AD35C14CEDD174A150DF15785BF9" DOI="10.15517/lank.v20i2.43454" author="Dalstrom and Kolanowska" firstAuthor="Dalstrom" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Lankesteriana" pagination="241-248" refId="B5" refString="Dalstrom S, Kolanowska M (2020) A new yellow-flowered Chiloschista (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) from Thailand. Lankesteriana 20 (2): 241–248. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v20i2.43454" title="A new yellow-flowered Chiloschista (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) from Thailand." volume="20" year="2020">Dalstrom and Kolanowska 2020</bibRefCitation>
). A deeper investigation into its floral morphological variation needs to be carried out in the future, as this is essential to support species delimitation of Indonesian
<taxonomicName id="84EB1BCF9BE947E106F03067978CA026" authorityName="Lindl. (1832:" authorityYear="1522" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4AB2B62AA26415B6B52A68596A61C402" italics="true">Chiloschista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2C4F26F16744F4FBED3C5687D5A66F6E" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.452.4.6" author="Metusala D" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="298-300" refId="B17" refString="Metusala D (2020 b) A new synonym of Spathoglottis tricallosa (Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 452 (4): 298–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.452.4.6" title="A new synonym of Spathoglottis tricallosa (Orchidaceae)." volume="452">Metusala 2020 b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3BE628FD68F1510ECB3A60A1C01DBD15" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.464.3.4" author="Metusala" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Metusala" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="227-235" refId="B22" refString="Metusala D, Wibowo ARU, Mambrasar YM, Hendrian H (2020) A new synonym of Bulbophyllum ovalifolium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae). Phytotaxa 464 (3): 227–235. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.464.3.4" title="A new synonym of Bulbophyllum ovalifolium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae)." volume="464" year="2020">Metusala et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="338252AD82BD3850E4AE18E5A6BBD599" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190.figure4" ID-arpha="0FB8B21A-0029-5ED7-8AF2-387546F79DF2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1247925" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="8157318126348E5991630F072F53AA5F">
<label id="15D152BC37E64A0BFB5D55349295BAB5">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22102FC9A94869AF1A1B19DCE8A77DBB">
Lip of three
<taxonomicName id="589F1C38D4DE0CB07DC67F29612EF78A" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="4C112DA72EDC1C1DE3A0D21F889C709B" italics="true">Chiloschista</emphasis>
species
<emphasis id="25B7B9393D26239CCB4614EE4FA91ED4" bold="true">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="90DB56000F98600DBFEED4791156EC1F" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sweelimii">
<emphasis id="D639BB9107405FC1541B5F6428EF6C4D" italics="true">C. sweelimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, natural shape, front view
<emphasis id="8849AEE72500D52311F36F8DB1125E91" bold="true">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="905919AFA370E8D822A021EFA939DC49" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="48A06A66B688A03D4D32317A186B758F" italics="true">C. tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, natural shape, front view
<emphasis id="7140AC14A676859DDFCCB60F3C585712" bold="true">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CD95495A8C72244CB6164BA0F613F72D" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="EBD792DF75487FB443057523F9354231" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, natural shape, front view
<emphasis id="E0999C22B549F2B4E26C9A7B1BE539A7" bold="true">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1913F1F914F0244B3D34D313507C656B" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sweelimii">
<emphasis id="EF14DEF4697A9C2A5FD6A47FA73B2CFD" italics="true">C. sweelimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view
<emphasis id="43F09DB2548255E95175D50F8F2AE12A" bold="true">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9EC69E7651A265C6C36502D1F2DC8329" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="0105E9A8D48CD15F40EF652436781BFE" italics="true">C. tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view
<emphasis id="FF125FBD685A69705F16880F00EF8199" bold="true">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BE2814C093B1DB593E604B665A18D84C" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="C7042B9455F0C405D3FFC8A69FBCA7C4" italics="true">C. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view.
<emphasis id="65A389EA1E37E6569B13CBF78DF60798" bold="true">A</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9A59E09E230624766A60B47855401DCD" bold="true">D</emphasis>
redrawn after Ong Poh Teck in
<bibRefCitation id="EDF3CC61B9417D90B2F013C9996BCEE5" author="Teck OP" firstAuthor="Teck" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Orchid Review" pagination="83-85" refId="B37" refString="Teck OP (2016) A revised description of Chiloschista sweelimii, an endemic orchid species from Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Orchid Review 50: 83–85." title="A revised description of Chiloschista sweelimii, an endemic orchid species from Peninsular Malaysia." volume="50" year="2016">Teck (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. Drawn by Destario Metusala.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETTAE" type="Conservation">
<paragraph id="988803AF3BF49B74837B904038D9591E">
<heading id="6644CFB028B234C3021A915ED3D72CDB" reason="title">Conservation.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3AA349DE18190C34D30512B0374E9F0B">
<taxonomicName id="20CDBDEC56B506F9E3C93015D21484AD" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="39A212DE801302A4A3A749254EE93378" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from five locations in
<collectingRegion id="E850A754E9A60237585C6A91622EF94E" country="Indonesia" name="Aceh">Aceh Province</collectingRegion>
. Based on currently available data, the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of this species is
<quantity id="F309F5488B46D6A1EEE29EB18F028F59" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1701" unit="km" value="117.01">117.01 km</quantity>
<superScript id="28BD1710E9F23D4ABF1EEE5849B82668">2</superScript>
with user-defined cell width =
<quantity id="0FAED6F79DC076AFE3F9EFC367A61142" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
(criterion B 1: &lt;
<quantity id="DF7241F44908E7D4E7CF593CA43AB52D" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5000.0">5,000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="6ED9C40D7B663E68D7AC0930196C4EF6">2</superScript>
) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) value of 20.00 km
<superScript id="D3D60AE046A292B752544294A4C96074">2</superScript>
(criterion B 2: &lt;
<quantity id="EB049C4EEE9A9834507BE8EE454A2EE7" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
<superScript id="DD83A87874D7426A967170CB96E39E6C">2</superScript>
). Their natural habitat is threatened by land conversion, especially from large-scale coffee plantations. Existing populations were estimated to be less than 2,500 mature individuals (≤
<quantity id="2F7B6F7A34AC79807B999318696EEE95" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" unit="in" value="250.0">250 in</quantity>
most subpopulations) where they mostly found attached to the branches of coffee trees and its shade trees (
<taxonomicName id="FC518D3AFF4F606C5D1741E4809E5784" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Leucaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7D9EDBA331DC0C1816F8C9AC34BB95C7" italics="true">Leucaena</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
). Unfortunately, coffee plantations provide a vulnerable habitat for this new orchid species as they can be pruned or cut down at any time. Moreover, many coffee farmers believe that this orchid is a harmful parasitic plant and eradicate them by clearing the coffee branches from any epiphytic plants. This species has also been found traded on domestic online platforms as an ornamental orchid, although currently in small quantities as its habit and small flowers are considered less attractive to Indonesian hobbyists. In many cases, unsustainable commercial harvesting may have a significant impact on the viability of wild orchid populations (
<bibRefCitation id="037D91EFD028579B44BFD88F36ABE82A" DOI="10.1093/botlinnean/box083" author="Hinsley" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hinsley" issue="186" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pagination="435-455" refId="B9" refString="Hinsley A, de Boer HJ, Fay MF, Gale SW, Gardiner LM, Gunasekara RS, Kumar P, Masters S, Metusala D, Roberts DL, Veldman S, Wong S, Phelps J (2018) A review of the trade in orchids and its implications for conservation. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 4 (186): 435–455. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/box083" title="A review of the trade in orchids and its implications for conservation." volume="4" year="2018">Hinsley et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, I consider this species to likely be in the Endangered category B 1 and B 2 + ab (i, ii, iii, iv), C 2 + a (i) (IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD1E52DAA3AA2C9533E98A92025CDF7B">
It has been well-documented that ecosystems in the highland of
<collectingRegion id="48B6A172262B40C9B4555FA17F15612F" country="Indonesia" name="Aceh">Aceh Province</collectingRegion>
are severely affected by climate change, particularly through increased temperatures (
<bibRefCitation id="642D892771CE8F7404F761BA838BAE55" DOI="10.1007/s10113-014-0713-x" author="Schroth" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schroth" issue="7" journalOrPublisher="Regional Environmental Change" pagination="1473-1482" refId="B29" refString="Schroth G, Laderach P, Blackburn CDS, Neilson J, Bunn C (2015) Winner or loser of climate change? A modeling study of current and future climatic suitability of Arabica coffee in Indonesia. Regional Environmental Change 15 (7): 1473–1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0713-x" title="Winner or loser of climate change? A modeling study of current and future climatic suitability of Arabica coffee in Indonesia." volume="15" year="2015">Schroth et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). This could also have a major impact on various sensitive plant species, such as many highland epiphytic orchids, including natural populations of
<taxonomicName id="4D939576B85F187CF77192C0BE6781C0" authorityName="Metusala" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tjiasmantoi">
<emphasis id="91EC43208D14DE8E35B42053981A8498" italics="true">Chiloschista tjiasmantoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, conservation-based researches are needed to determine the vulnerability of these species to climate change-related pressures, especially drought stress (
<bibRefCitation id="89CE25ED71FF109D98141A44511B31D2" DOI="10.1063/1.4991219" author="Al Farishy" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Al Farishy" refId="B1" refString="Al Farishy DD, Nisyawati, Metusala D (2017) Characterization anatomical leaf blade five species Nepenthes from Kerinci Seblat National Park, Kerinci regency, Jambi Province. In: Mart T, Triyono D, Sugeng KA (Eds) AIP Conference Proceedings 1862, 030115. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991219" year="2017">Al Farishy et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5EC6F9F72B57D58DF7C72D4CFF239FC7" DOI="10.1063/1.4991215" author="Arimy" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Arimy" refId="B2" refString="Arimy NQ, Nisyawati, Metusala D (2017) Comparison of leaf anatomy on some Nepenthes spp. (Nepenthaceae) from highland and lowland habitat in Indonesia. In: Mart T, Triyono D, Sugeng KA (Eds) AIP Conference Proceedings 1862, 030111. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991215" year="2017">Arimy et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BE72ABCAC7499EB3B9713556D946ECFE" DOI="10.1063/1.4991217" author="Metusala D" refId="B13" refString="Metusala D (2017 b) An alternative simple method for preparing and preserving cross-section of leaves and roots in herbaceous plants: Case study in Orchidaceae. In: Mart T, Triyono D, Sugeng KA (Eds). AIP Conference Proceedings 1862: 030113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991217">Metusala 2017 b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEE5C0C51FCD736049CB71071DB5D5" DOI="10.1063/1.4991222" author="Metusala" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Metusala" refId="B21" refString="Metusala D, Supriatna J, Nisyawati, Sopandie D (2017) Comparative leaf and root anatomy of two Dendrobium Species (Orchidaceae) from different habitat in relation to their potential adaptation to drought. In: Mart T, Triyono D, Sugeng KA (Eds). AIP Conference Proceedings 1862: 030118. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991222" year="2017">Metusala et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DF6685B1B9BCC620CF659F33279D59E6" DOI="10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012005" author="Suffan" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Suffan" refId="B35" refString="Suffan W, Metusala D, Nisyawati (2021) Micromorphometric analysis of five Begonia spp. leaves (Begoniaceae). In: Herdiansyah H et al. (Eds) IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science 846: 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012005" year="2021">Suffan et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EA9DFFBFFDF454C3B55766FDC1854758" DOI="10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012016" author="Ishmah" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ishmah" refId="B10" refString="Ishmah S, Metusala D, Nisyawati, Supriatna J (2021) Anatomical Comparison of Two Grammatophyllum spp. (Orchidaceae) Species and Their Specific Ecological Adaptation. In: Herdiansyah H et al. (Eds) IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science 940: 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012016" year="2021">Ishmah et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EDA07A8C45009EE85BB1FBD3C4627682" DOI="10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126476" author="Trimanto" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Trimanto" refId="B38" refString="Trimanto MD, Metusala D, Erlinawati I, Angio MH, Yusuf HM, Budiarto K (2023) Study of population and conservation of Dendrobium capra J. J. Smith, an endangered and endemic orchid from Java Island, Indonesia. Journal for Nature Conservation 75: 126476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126476" year="2023">Trimanto et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>