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<taxonomicName LSID="D86A67A8-DCB7-5621-6B95-B98989717ADD" authority="Moench, 1794" authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Baccharoides Moench, 1794</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figures 1 A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Illustrations: A Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. B Bothriocline aggregata Hutch., note: this taxon is not found in southern Africa C Ethulia conyzoides L. f., note: lack of pappus; and D Gymnanthemum koekemoerae H. Rob. & V. Funk, note: broad involucral bracts without a high midrib. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77474" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">; 2 A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron electron micrographs from three collections of acetolyzed echinolophate Baccharoides pollen showing variations in spine shape from acute to markedly blunt. A-H. Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench. A polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Near polar view E Equatorial view F Fractured grain G Lateral view H Equatorial view I Fractured grain. (A-C, USDA P. I. 283729; D-F, Cooray 70031701 R; G-I, Koelz 7469). [Views from Robinson and Skvarla (2010); Figure 1 B = original Figure 1 G; Figure 1 C = original Figure 1 H; and Figure 1 H = original Figure 1 J.]" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77475" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<figureCitation id="D211E9C8C78228E08DC9B396F579366E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figures 1 A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8FF2FD094113298D1A3D1C51FCC4C851" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Illustrations: A Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. B Bothriocline aggregata Hutch., note: this taxon is not found in southern Africa C Ethulia conyzoides L. f., note: lack of pappus; and D Gymnanthemum koekemoerae H. Rob. & V. Funk, note: broad involucral bracts without a high midrib. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77474" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">; 2 A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3DB7BB6EA95BF30E5A1BB34B5AE999B4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron electron micrographs from three collections of acetolyzed echinolophate Baccharoides pollen showing variations in spine shape from acute to markedly blunt. A-H. Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench. A polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Near polar view E Equatorial view F Fractured grain G Lateral view H Equatorial view I Fractured grain. (A-C, USDA P. I. 283729; D-F, Cooray 70031701 R; G-I, Koelz 7469). [Views from Robinson and Skvarla (2010); Figure 1 B = original Figure 1 G; Figure 1 C = original Figure 1 H; and Figure 1 H = original Figure 1 J.]" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77475" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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; 3
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Baccharoides</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="BBD954805011B9F8CF9E60B262571A71" authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Baccharoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Moench, Methodus 328 (1794). - Type:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conyza anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Conyza anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="98E4213DE40DAFF6E8D1773FC1946BED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conyza anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
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<emphasis id="CB6E8465813AD2CAC12255ED4C6FE64A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Conyza anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cassini" authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ascaricida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ascaricida" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ascaricida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9FFEC2F94D9972DBD7F11F4F2B7DBE2E" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="8F795D696735A527D31D1241F265527A" authorityName="Cassini" authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ascaricida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ascaricida" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ascaricida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 3, suppl. 38 (1817), nom. superfl. - Type:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conyza anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Conyza anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="868FB7D38066EB07B624844FE277F662" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conyza anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="12FD2449076F06AAF5138EE51EFF03A9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Conyza anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M.Tenore" authorityYear="1839" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Candidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Candidea" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Candidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="35E5CB0E2896475835C1E1ED3F134B06" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="2C645B6AF2D2ADF0D0FA7B2EE071F061" authorityName="M.Tenore" authorityYear="1839" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Candidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Candidea" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Candidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Tenore, Atti Reale Accad. Sci. Sez. Soc. Reale Borbon 4 (CI. Botan.): 104, t. 1, 2 (1839). - Type:
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ten" authorityYear="1839" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Candidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Candidea senegalensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Candidea senegalensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0C70721AB6084D21E4BBEF9B043FECF4" authorityName="Ten" authorityYear="1839" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Candidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Candidea senegalensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
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<emphasis id="7FC33C05B395B32C8BEB6E6DE3E3671A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Candidea senegalensis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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Tenore.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName authority="subsect. Stengelia" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" subsection="Stengelia">Vernonia subsect. Stengelia</taxonomicName>
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1BDE1317219BDAF825353E2CCF9701A2" authority="subsect. Stengelia" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" subsection="Stengelia">Vernonia subsect. Stengelia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sch. Bip. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 946 (1843). - Type:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="20DCD696F6F419B56131840CF4B33FB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9DF0E039CF008863B1580A0F9075C045" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sch. Bip. ex Walp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Stengelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stengelia" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stengelia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED5BB1043C7035533ACEB4EABF2DF66D" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E0AE56DCF0FF82B02415FB939F0590CB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Stengelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stengelia" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stengelia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb., Bot. 360. 1864. - Type:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia schimperi" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia schimperi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57B183EFFA9260FF9F57BB26D44DD33D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia schimperi" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schimperi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F4591724B9516D5975890030AE9E16B3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia schimperi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
DC.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Stengelia">Vernonia sect. Stengelia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="01EEFACB7A716BB1A8CFB28C2E763744" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9BF8A25227483F3BBBD2175D0B2AF8CA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Stengelia">Vernonia sect. Stengelia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) Benth. in Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 127 (1873).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="resources">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Resources.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="07493B11BD347B63ABE5B85F2565DDD6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="resources">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8162FEF7644531E2AD2EBFF1A7F492F8" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Resources.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5E62ED55B291C1A76D51F311A5CB7888" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
Treatment by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Isawumi, MA" journalOrPublisher="Grana" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="205 - 230" publicationUrl="10.1080/00173139609430008" refId="B17" refString="Isawumi, MA, El-Ghazaly, G, Nordenstam, B, 1996. Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Grana 35: 205 - 230, DOI: 10.1080/00173139609430008" title="Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.1080/00173139609430008" volume="35" year="1996">Isawumi et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="04A9A11FF3B064A0FD10DF7589B57309" author="Isawumi, MA" journalOrPublisher="Grana" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="205 - 230" publicationUrl="10.1080/00173139609430008" refId="B17" refString="Isawumi, MA, El-Ghazaly, G, Nordenstam, B, 1996. Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Grana 35: 205 - 230, DOI: 10.1080/00173139609430008" title="Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.1080/00173139609430008" volume="35" year="1996">Isawumi et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="descriptions">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Descriptions.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0E4DE8CC2947CDF67B7AB55A47555369" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="descriptions">
|
||||
<paragraph id="69BE7300BAA78822A39C6495F6F909A1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Descriptions.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="24C8464491184A4E6D17612C4E96F30F" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
Annual or perennial herbs, suffruticose; stems erect or reclining; hairs short-stalked with an erect, elongate apical cell. Leaves alternate, narrowly petiolate; blades chartaceous, ovate to elliptic, serrate, secondary veins pinnate, ascending at 45° angles or more. Inflorescence with single lateral or terminal head or heads in corymbiform groups; peduncles usually solid, sometimes fistulose. Heads with involucres broadly campanulate or hemispherical; bracts 25-100 in 4-8 series, mostly gradate but with outer bracts sometimes elongate and foliiform, tips of bracts appendaged, white or colored; receptacles epaleate. Florets 25-100 in a head; corollas reddish or lavender to white, with long slender basal tube, limb abruptly expanded at base, cylindrical, with lobes about as long as throat, erect, with various hairs and glands outside, inside with cells elongate, transversely striate; anther thecae spurred with small tails; endothecial cells with nodular thickenings on tranverse walls; apical appendages oblong-ovate, rounded or acute at tips, glabrous; nectary elongate, cylindrical; style base without node; sweeping hairs acicular. Achenes cylindrical or turbinate, 8-20-costate, glabrous or with setulae distinctly cleft or with glands or idioblasts, carpopodium annuliform, large to obsolete, with thickened porose walls, raphids in ovules elongate, with rhomboid tips; pappus pluriseriate, persistent or caducous, inner capillary, flattened, barbellate on margins, sometimes shortly connate at base, sometimes with outer row of small scales. Chromosome number x = 10 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="168 - 171" publicationUrl="10.2307/2483355" refId="B20" refString="Jones, SB, 1970. Chromosome numbers in Compositae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 97 (3): 168 - 171, DOI: 10.2307/2483355" title="Chromosome numbers in Compositae." url="10.2307/2483355" volume="97" year="1970">Jones 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="42FDCCBA11BE9DF0409FF86988E0BD99" author="Jones, SB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="168 - 171" publicationUrl="10.2307/2483355" refId="B20" refString="Jones, SB, 1970. Chromosome numbers in Compositae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 97 (3): 168 - 171, DOI: 10.2307/2483355" title="Chromosome numbers in Compositae." url="10.2307/2483355" volume="97" year="1970">Jones 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mathew, PM" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="679 - 690" publicationUrl="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/cytologia/41/0/_contents" refId="B29" refString="Mathew, PM, Mathew, A, 1983. Studies on south Indian Compositae. V. Cytotaxonomic consideration of the tribes Vernonieae and Eupatoriae. Cytologia 48: 679 - 690, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/cytologia/41/0/_contents" title="Studies on south Indian Compositae. V. Cytotaxonomic consideration of the tribes Vernonieae and Eupatoriae." url="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/cytologia/41/0/_contents" volume="48" year="1983">Mathew and Mathew 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="40837CDBA6286DB581535F7E8B8C9895" author="Mathew, PM" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="679 - 690" publicationUrl="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/cytologia/41/0/_contents" refId="B29" refString="Mathew, PM, Mathew, A, 1983. Studies on south Indian Compositae. V. Cytotaxonomic consideration of the tribes Vernonieae and Eupatoriae. Cytologia 48: 679 - 690, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/cytologia/41/0/_contents" title="Studies on south Indian Compositae. V. Cytotaxonomic consideration of the tribes Vernonieae and Eupatoriae." url="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/cytologia/41/0/_contents" volume="48" year="1983">Mathew and Mathew 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<paragraph id="22436835C48656A46C08E4A45DB3AC74" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
Pollen. 43.5-72.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A6EE41F2CBD31676FB6E0BD6BD93828A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
diam. (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Isawumi, MA" journalOrPublisher="Grana" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="205 - 230" publicationUrl="10.1080/00173139609430008" refId="B17" refString="Isawumi, MA, El-Ghazaly, G, Nordenstam, B, 1996. Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Grana 35: 205 - 230, DOI: 10.1080/00173139609430008" title="Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.1080/00173139609430008" volume="35" year="1996">Isawumi et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3481392FA87BD48D8D6BEBBF3F5D122F" author="Isawumi, MA" journalOrPublisher="Grana" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="205 - 230" publicationUrl="10.1080/00173139609430008" refId="B17" refString="Isawumi, MA, El-Ghazaly, G, Nordenstam, B, 1996. Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Grana 35: 205 - 230, DOI: 10.1080/00173139609430008" title="Pollen morphology, floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the genus Baccharoides Moench (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.1080/00173139609430008" volume="35" year="1996">Isawumi et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); tricolporate, echinolophate; lacunae regularly disposed, one at each pole, 2 across intercolpus; tectum restricted to muri, with distinct microperforations; stout baculae under muri firmly attached to footlayer (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron electron micrographs from three collections of acetolyzed echinolophate Baccharoides pollen showing variations in spine shape from acute to markedly blunt. A-H. Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench. A polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Near polar view E Equatorial view F Fractured grain G Lateral view H Equatorial view I Fractured grain. (A-C, USDA P. I. 283729; D-F, Cooray 70031701 R; G-I, Koelz 7469). [Views from Robinson and Skvarla (2010); Figure 1 B = original Figure 1 G; Figure 1 C = original Figure 1 H; and Figure 1 H = original Figure 1 J.]" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77475" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="31971A8DDB8B6EC1F543EB3DBE668086" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron electron micrographs from three collections of acetolyzed echinolophate Baccharoides pollen showing variations in spine shape from acute to markedly blunt. A-H. Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench. A polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Near polar view E Equatorial view F Fractured grain G Lateral view H Equatorial view I Fractured grain. (A-C, USDA P. I. 283729; D-F, Cooray 70031701 R; G-I, Koelz 7469). [Views from Robinson and Skvarla (2010); Figure 1 B = original Figure 1 G; Figure 1 C = original Figure 1 H; and Figure 1 H = original Figure 1 J.]" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77475" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="46A9CB0BFD70E2562CF3153262283558" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974333" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="D8D168D32D96A2BA500B9F8AF327C378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="974333" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0479B5947C77E9E2635080430B1B3CB5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5179C91B5F1C6B763F38EFC89E9058C0" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photographs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="502E24257B881463FC4338DF499EC9B8" authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BD7942D46CDA7FE319281C8B0843035E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bothriocline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriocline" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Bothriocline</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C0A2B989EFB9258F1D127DCD066DB2E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bothriocline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriocline" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B632D551763612C39C17B60D593CA32F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Bothriocline</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia potamophila</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E51E172C6198DBAB6883FA1C9B02D4CA" authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03F783D3B1145E71ECC7FCFCD624E188" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia potamophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38BBB4CFDF234C8AB82BDA5E0A837E1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A6B0BF8E0BAB5AD625660B509E2B359" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BD6E9598B05F24662E1CD5C1D6B10C4E" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Habit
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="279ECEF6F24C176A9A23720408083641" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish;
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bothriocline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriocline laxa" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Bothriocline laxa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C31241B85BAA4BF49D4792654E1A5BA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bothriocline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriocline laxa" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2EDBBCDED4956CCCCD79D90D7D36726" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Bothriocline laxa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
N.E. Br.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CF8FBD635FEDA226F41DCE92F057F9F2" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
Immature heads;
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia potamophila</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A58A4518A8FDAC22741807AF2305EFB9" authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF7AF6A86C6D7EC8A642F9680DD262C7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia potamophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Klatt.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DE34C870051BB96A826DBE07B4217450" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||||
Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974355" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77474" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="7951A39792B77AA0D11BD0A92A3D562C" ID-Zenodo-Dep="974355" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77474" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E6DB8C80FE89D9DF31A2F54B17F9B5C2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C85B7D96EDD7086CCD2824FABC0375F5" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Illustrations:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5ADC193172DAE344F0827CC77F7664D4" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="75F9277BD25086E46E2940B53FEBB832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A7C7DD7F10EE8D36232FB2DE68EAA604" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Wild & G. V. Pope" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Hutch." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bothriocline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriocline aggregata" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Bothriocline aggregata</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="82A4C76C46F505EA6B7416565BDC6DCC" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E050A9577725C47140F30EA241616E44" authorityName="H. Wild & G. V. Pope" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Hutch." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bothriocline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriocline aggregata" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="04F20042C0EB2BACC8C6F899E2691DF7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Bothriocline aggregata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hutch., note: this taxon is not found in southern Africa
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. f. subsp. conyzoides" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Ethulia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ethulia conyzoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conyzoides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Ethulia conyzoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5BC88FEE6A8625B1D1B3C3CF97D1673E" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4A5CB48927C0DADF766E51AD22072134" authorityName="L. f. subsp. conyzoides" authorityYear="1762" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Ethulia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ethulia conyzoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conyzoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="06DB7DBDBB6AD7EEF94CCF9967C5BF07" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Ethulia conyzoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.f., note: lack of pappus; and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. & V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum koekemoerae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koekemoerae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gymnanthemum koekemoerae</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8BF505451B696238877295FAD50B1779" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="208E081B5BF7E531A0CE798CE6925059" authorityName="H. Rob. & V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum koekemoerae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koekemoerae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0D735C8D2C79BFDBFB22CDF3AB9F1996" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Gymnanthemum koekemoerae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
H. Rob. & V. Funk, note: broad involucral bracts without a high midrib. See Appendix C for citation details.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974373" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77475" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="873B037C8234AC12A0D42071F2370B38" ID-Zenodo-Dep="974373" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77475" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="59AB2F0E91DD3C9445DD4278B50D5D0D" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB7F53BD828D6BBC1876CA9E7BE5ACA6" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Scanning electron electron micrographs from three collections of acetolyzed echinolophate
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="48D80400903931BB10305D3BF6D41D14" authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="291ACEA8990B89ABF4752E3B3B9ACBB2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pollen showing variations in spine shape from acute to markedly blunt.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9AFE645A4F65C445692B98A510BE74AF" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7525DDB032A5B9EC65F9AE38EBEB657D" originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E39E4143FB877852DC096FC5660E3FF4" authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Baccharoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharoides anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="266CCED564F65067652167B374E86D81" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Baccharoides anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Moench.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CBB9F6014DD2F5B218CDB64DC92C65BB" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||||
polar view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="81D43BAD3F1076A70694ECA4ABB92C9B" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Equatorial view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC268B409AB2BCCF200BB4DDDA3D47E" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||||
Lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DDE185B6A16FC2D961809D49D1A9A0D0" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||||
Near polar view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E5DDB11F2C7F777D4D5F90D37738215" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">E</emphasis>
|
||||
Equatorial view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B22A02021D485B93A8C80774AA039586" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">F</emphasis>
|
||||
Fractured grain
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="998F17D04A07728C4CB231FD4650A2E2" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">G</emphasis>
|
||||
Lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4259ACDA7BA0BDD5790405CB53187391" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">H</emphasis>
|
||||
Equatorial view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E6AAA1DDFBFC87181E4E368F067556" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">I</emphasis>
|
||||
Fractured grain. (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E68E4C71EEC76D43ACF257A0EC58235E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, USDA P.I.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">283729</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="079BF5300C11AAF19D2AC6C86EA85A1B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">283729</emphasis>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7FD04D1306A4545352AC8EA740BB0150" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Cooray 70031701R;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CE497ACC0837CBB3A91961AE580FA6C0" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Koelz 7469</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D7AFD6C7A60C23D96D119FB8FEB4DAC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Koelz 7469</emphasis>
|
||||
). [Views from Robinson and Skvarla (2010); Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2DBD332B4C6D39565F18F23ECFAE958" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
= original Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7796876366DEDD8222B1DF45E4D544D7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1G</figureCitation>
|
||||
; Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2412D722363BA552E49E25CE03ED62EF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
= original Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="71012AF24E01F1CDD4A8C76E9394BFA6" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
; and Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="47CAED8C1BBCBF90AA2C76855B1CF515" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
= original Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1J</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3CE91F7525846AC1766431E9A9EE4316" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of Baccharoides, Bothriocline, and Vernonia potamophila. Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. A Habit B Close up of flowering head: note that the corollas are narrowed near the apex and have an lengthened throat that is much longer than the short lobes and the involucral bracts have a differentiated margin that is often pale or reddish; Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. C Immature heads; Vernonia potamophila Klatt. D Image of herbarium specimen (PRE). See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77473" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1J</figureCitation>
|
||||
.]
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8394D023FC9A1C439AB738BC2E01606A" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||||
Most notable secondary metabolites, sesquiterpene elemanolides (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A96845D658273B591A3B159A19694744" author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B9F44C52D3971E978025D4EE0FB0F89" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia anthelmintica" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthelmintica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1B8A87EB9AA6FE6E2E46A25DA4E7904A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia anthelmintica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Willd.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia hymenolepis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hymenolepis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia hymenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3ED67BDEBF148625168C3E3C1CB28B25" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia hymenolepis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hymenolepis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B0C05BAA7BFC62B349DB4006618EB053" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia hymenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
A. Rich.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia lasiopus" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiopus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia lasiopus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0EC5517A4FCFDB7E33BE152B5BE1A5C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia lasiopus" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C19AFA8DA0A24668A4F7C686FD42A8AF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia lasiopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
O. Hoffm.), eudesmanolide (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovi 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AA5BEC30053872FD1850B8E874DE015B" author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovi 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DEF4906C5F416C5E154D452984EDFEAA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia adoensis" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48298AE1BEF2CF029B0A739641211ED9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Vernonia adoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sch. Bip. ex Walp.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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