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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870782" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605854DDFA7DBB673D128792359CF792" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605854DDFA7DBB673D128792359CF792" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName LSID="605854DD-FA7D-BB67-3D12-8792359CF792" authority="H. Rob., 1999" authorityName="H. Rob." authorityYear="1999" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Orbivestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Orbivestus" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<taxonomicName id="2A34280EFCAE8BC3A376AA24CEF0DEDD" ID-CoL="63FPK" LSID="605854DD-FA7D-BB67-3D12-8792359CF792" authority="H. Rob., 1999" authorityName="H. Rob." authorityYear="1999" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Orbivestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Orbivestus" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="9A464D2098DD38AE1DCA905C945AE23B" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" start="start">Orbivestus</pageBreakToken>
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H. Rob., 1999
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs of Oocephala and Orbivestus: A-B Oocephala centauroides (Klatt) H. Rob. & Skvarla, note: egg-shaped head C-E Orbivestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77489" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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<figureCitation id="F8866DB19DDCC14FF66F0A52E04B8929" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs of Oocephala and Orbivestus: A-B Oocephala centauroides (Klatt) H. Rob. & Skvarla, note: egg-shaped head C-E Orbivestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77489" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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Figures 17
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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<figureCitation id="912CEE5419E24C25386C67E24A0FC12F" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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; 19
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Orbivestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Orbivestus" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="85" start="start">Orbivestus</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName id="4A1E5027CE3E2D4DFE1779742B99401C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Orbivestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Orbivestus" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="5FF9FA0238245C8E478295B74B3548C2" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" start="start">Orbivestus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 112(1): 230. 1999. - Type:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv & Hiern" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia karaguensis" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karaguensis">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Vernonia karaguensis</emphasis>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="3642AB16E0EDFF45D69683752FB9DEE2" authorityName="Oliv & Hiern" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia karaguensis" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karaguensis">
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||||
<emphasis id="9FC9535742E498E62AE9E189B60A3E36" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Vernonia karaguensis</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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Oliv. & Hiern.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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||||
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Orbisvestus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonia subg. Orbisvestus</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="9F0E12027C8484897B3A29EF8F2A00B3" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="3BF48C6DC1CC25273EBA654ADA49881E" authority="subg. Orbisvestus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonia subg. Orbisvestus</taxonomicName>
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||||
S.B. Jones, Rhodora 83: 60. 1981. - Type:
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliv & Hiern" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia karaguensis" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karaguensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Vernonia karaguensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B94168665F09A4D946A2D589E5E2693B" authorityName="Oliv & Hiern" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia karaguensis" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karaguensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D3DA4796A3BBB83204D5ED83DAB6FC8B" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Vernonia karaguensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
Oliv. & Hiern.
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" type="descriptions">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="ACEC98E69DE83A345243988076E6017A" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" type="descriptions">
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<paragraph id="8E86016FA1B452F8A184748A50108E36" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2031315FBF8B333AF92C062252C9A50" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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Subshrubs to small shrubs with erect stems from a woody base, not or sparsely branched between base and inflorescence; hairs T-shaped. Leaves alternate, usually decrescent upwardly, sessile or short petiolate, blades elliptical or ovate to oblanceolate, mostly 4-9 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, base short-obtuse to acuminate, margins scarcely repand-dentate, apex short-acute, upper surface with small spinules and few small hairs, lower surface paler, grayish with slender hairs and partially sunken glandular dots; venation pinnate, with up to six or eight lateral veins each side, spreading at 45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–60º">-60°</normalizedToken>
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angles. Inflorescences with leaves of main axis only somewhat to greatly reduced, with only minute bracteoles on branches. Inflorescence shape broadly corymbiform or cylindrical with rounded to flattened top, with lower heads appearing sessile as result of proliferation by immediately subtending branches forming seriate or scorpioid cymes, branches of inflorescence tomentose with T-shaped hairs. Heads broadly campanulate, 4-14 mm high and wide; involucral bracts mostly persistent, innermost somewhat deciduous, ca. 50-100 in 5-7 series, strongly gradate, 1-8 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, ovate to oblong, subacute and mucronate to apiculate at tip, innermost acute, tips appressed, margins membraneous and irregularly denticulate distally, often reddish, with dark median keel extending to apex, scarcely thickened and greenish near keel, with numerous small T-shaped hairs except at margins. Receptacle epaleate and tuberculate. Florets 15-ca. 50 in a head; corollas purplish, narrowly funnelform, 4-8 mm long, with sparsely scattered glandular dots, tube slender, 2-3 mm long, throat 1.5-2.5 mm long, lobes 1.0-2.5 mm long, linear-lanceolate, erect, not recurving, sparsely glanduliferous to distinctly or minutely scabridulous outside, without longitudinal internal ducts filling lobe; anther thecae 1-2 mm long, without glandular dots, calcarate and with long tails at base, endothecial cells short usually with 2-3 nodes on transverse walls; apical appendage 0.5-1.0 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, often sharply acute; style base with distinct expanded node; sweeping hairs on style branches and scarcely extending on to upper style shaft, slender and narrowly acute. Achenes 1.5-2.0 mm long when mature, 5-costate, with few to many setulae when young, often glabrous at maturity, often with numerous glandular dots on sides between costae, surface with numerous idioblasts that are not joined in series, with narrowly rhomboid raphids internally; carpopodium stopper-shaped to slightly turbinate, with many series of small thick-walled cells; inner pappus of 25-30 slender capillary bristles, rather flattened outside and barbellate on sides, tips only slightly narrowed, outer pappus of narrow scales 0.5-1.5 mm long. Chromosome numbers n = 10, 18, 20 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mangenot, S" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="411 - 447" publicationUrl="10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" refId="B27" refString="Mangenot, S, Mangenot, S, 1962. Enquete sur les nombres chromosomiques dans une collection d'especes tropicales. Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales 25: 411 - 447, DOI: 10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" title="Enquete sur les nombres chromosomiques dans une collection d'especes tropicales." url="10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" volume="25" year="1962">Mangenot and Mangenot 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2A37513127F2BA109441390045939BFE" author="Mangenot, S" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="411 - 447" publicationUrl="10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" refId="B27" refString="Mangenot, S, Mangenot, S, 1962. Enquete sur les nombres chromosomiques dans une collection d'especes tropicales. Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales 25: 411 - 447, DOI: 10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" title="Enquete sur les nombres chromosomiques dans une collection d'especes tropicales." url="10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" volume="25" year="1962">Mangenot and Mangenot 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bhandari, MM" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="107 - 109" refId="B4" refString="Bhandari, MM, Singhvi, DM, 1977. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports. Taxon 26: 107 - 109" volume="26" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports." year="1977">Bhandari and Singhvi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CCFD59C8C54B3A44450EF6CB6AC75FD3" author="Bhandari, MM" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="107 - 109" refId="B4" refString="Bhandari, MM, Singhvi, DM, 1977. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports. Taxon 26: 107 - 109" volume="26" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports." year="1977">Bhandari and Singhvi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, JK" journalOrPublisher="Opera Botanica" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="159 - 172" refId="B31" refString="Morton, JK, 1993. Chromosome numbers and polyplody in the flora of Cameroon Mountain. Opera Botanica 121: 159 - 172" title="Chromosome numbers and polyplody in the flora of Cameroon Mountain." volume="121" year="1993">Morton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="87B36F735D54CD22762E5367015E53D6" author="Morton, JK" journalOrPublisher="Opera Botanica" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="159 - 172" refId="B31" refString="Morton, JK, 1993. Chromosome numbers and polyplody in the flora of Cameroon Mountain. Opera Botanica 121: 159 - 172" title="Chromosome numbers and polyplody in the flora of Cameroon Mountain." volume="121" year="1993">Morton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="86" start="start">Pollen</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0D1D955133E953F41D801E04CE170558" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="FDA8C5F654F6C098D866C73840140A97" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" start="start">Pollen</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
grains ca. 50
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="10BADF60F85D203C1DEC72B5D1CD4E3D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter in fluid, type A, sublophate, tricolporate, echinate, with perforated tectum continuous between colpi (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A0EC4BBC9C1530DC911F9B07382ABDA8" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
19
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9AFC356046F41EE6B205BEE3D4C679FB" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The grains may also be somewhat asymmetrical (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">19 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3441B70231F6C0691721F997B98DF21C" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">19 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974353" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="EB170E694FA57E60B57F6D520134D11D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="974353" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D8899619502614352347F23F959209EA" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9AC9BF7D4A5A230BC05B6B812058DD89" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Orvibestus" lsidName="Orvibestus cinerascens" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Orvibestus cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="17F0DCE18927D903049983E61B2DAC5D" genus="Orvibestus" lsidName="Orvibestus cinerascens" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="83DFCF552F15658CC8DE62DA6120AB93" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Orvibestus cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEB8432F2B4E4B619418BDB14517ECE0" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Polar view showing 3 colpi
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3E06ADC5E37D41D9027CC1333D00BD47" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Polar view showing 4 colpi
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="32BF436D3D6626C73F2D9DBBEC1D6F8C" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">C</emphasis>
|
||||
Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="325A4A7DF0CF42CFDB63A3BC619BAA16" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">D</emphasis>
|
||||
Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D3F0E25642B3B2F2BAB0CF44CA7DDAAA" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">E</emphasis>
|
||||
Lateral/equatorial view showing 2 pores
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3E4335AD3F5B3F946FEA06F809F64F7C" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">F</emphasis>
|
||||
Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AFDC641ACFAE28DAE8CBBD7B49BEE9CF" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">G</emphasis>
|
||||
Fractured polar surface (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">A-G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Koekemoer 232</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AAF9E6834E57269C9C1218819E1020EA" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">A-G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="15534B4E8183B544485C2DF7DD595B6C" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Koekemoer 232</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="87" start="start">Most</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D8DCDB04635E668F43947E7663F5D588" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="444143E3E52D69B952D123F5AF5E5CA0" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" start="start">Most</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
notable secondary metabolites are 5-alkylcomumarins (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4768C66B4D7F756B3DB552E66179EF71" author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Vernoniia" lsidName="Vernoniia cinarescens" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="cinarescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernoniia cinarescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6350C9CDA6215A0C17F6EBF851E4F1B1" genus="Vernoniia" lsidName="Vernoniia cinarescens" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="cinarescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7198E57ABD3DDBFECF09832708EC50C8" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernoniia cinarescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sch. Bip.) and sesquiterpene glaucolides (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FD121B6971E8A682B62A31BB60763780" author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia cistifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cistifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernonia cistifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="86C915F263D5EB7D01C7B5ACF7B3EC41" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia cistifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cistifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0A7DE65AC6E159F2B06676F8B9AFC129" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernonia cistifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
O. Hoffm.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<paragraph id="347FC2F8BCCF5DA2DD0F6F768BBD7D32" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
The genus is almost alone in the eastern hemisphere in its seriate cymes, often referred to as scorpioid cymes. Such inflorescences are common in the western hemisphere
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Compositae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" rank="tribe" tribe="Vernonieae">Vernonieae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D37E6D170823893D8155B74747A874CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Vernonieae">Vernonieae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, occurring in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9FA9D21D15A6565186FA633D2864E68" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F00E79F7AA12D69CF962741BFC7312CB" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
itself.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,108 +1,108 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6076855591A42074920F88073B4B9633" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6076855591A42074920F88073B4B9633" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
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|
||||
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="60768555-91A4-2074-920F-88073B4B9633" authority="Sond., 1850" authorityName="Sond." authorityYear="1850" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonella Sond., 1850</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Illustrations Hilliardiella, Linzia, Parapolydora, and Vernonella: A Hilliardiella capensis (Houtt.) H. Rob., Skvarla & V. A. Funk B Linzia glabra Steetz in Peters, note: characteristic teeth on involucral bracts C Parapolydora gerrardii (Harv.) H. Rob D Vernonella africana Sond. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77485" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Figures 13 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Vernonella and Vernoniastrum. A-C Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate-echinolophate pollen of Vernonella africana Sond. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Oblique polar view. A-C from Wood 753. D-I Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed echinolophate pollen of Vernoniastrum nestor (S. Moore) H. Rob., showing diversity of lacunae and lophae. D-H Oblique and near polar views showing apertures in markedly long lacunae with irregular lophae H Lateral view with apertures (arrows) occupying long lacunar spaces I Enlarged section of surface showing columellae in irregular rows under muri). D-I from Reekmans 9185." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77497" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<treatment id="6076855591A42074920F88073B4B9633" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6076855591A42074920F88073B4B9633" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6076855591A42074920F88073B4B9633" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" scope_family="Asteraceae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E3ACED67B46393C5B620FFA1A251B385" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B834B74C9C558F375E27CB0948B5591E" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF732EA7D7FABA1F268FE73C4818D23A" ID-CoL="63VMF" LSID="60768555-91A4-2074-920F-88073B4B9633" authority="Sond., 1850" authorityName="Sond." authorityYear="1850" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonella Sond., 1850</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1A706AC15CB9B22C1D40209A57FCDDFB" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Illustrations Hilliardiella, Linzia, Parapolydora, and Vernonella: A Hilliardiella capensis (Houtt.) H. Rob., Skvarla & V. A. Funk B Linzia glabra Steetz in Peters, note: characteristic teeth on involucral bracts C Parapolydora gerrardii (Harv.) H. Rob D Vernonella africana Sond. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77485" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Figures 13 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5524B6629405BFFB4235C397FA0537E4" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Vernonella and Vernoniastrum. A-C Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate-echinolophate pollen of Vernonella africana Sond. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Oblique polar view. A-C from Wood 753. D-I Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed echinolophate pollen of Vernoniastrum nestor (S. Moore) H. Rob., showing diversity of lacunae and lophae. D-H Oblique and near polar views showing apertures in markedly long lacunae with irregular lophae H Lateral view with apertures (arrows) occupying long lacunar spaces I Enlarged section of surface showing columellae in irregular rows under muri). D-I from Reekmans 9185." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77497" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
; 25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C9030EA2418E97544A103BEC4AAAB89D" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1AC7C4BE62075F6855BD67359E862609" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="27D47226360736291DB06512263F4172" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="874B699110F151D2CFBA0792A14B110B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sond., Linnaea 23: 62. 1850. - Type:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella africana" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Vernonella africana</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1AA9AA69C1C836D2C3E3F2F0B20891E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella africana" order="Asterales" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD73BFB4D1F9E8CA544DEDC261D55DB5" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Vernonella africana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sond.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="95" type="resources">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Resources.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8CEAFF2EA0756CF5CE2D28008DD97FAE" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" type="resources">
|
||||
<paragraph id="83E8B884B31C624175473363D1832059" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Resources.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="48F2622A588009FE09D7D08A34B0CAEB" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
Species reviewed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, CE" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Research Service, USDA" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" refId="B51" refString="Smith, CE, 1971. Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia. In: Agriculture Handbook. Agricultural Research Service, USDA" title="Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia." volumeTitle="Agriculture Handbook." year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DF50156B3EA7E0CA8F116C0AA402A3A2" author="Smith, CE" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Research Service, USDA" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" refId="B51" refString="Smith, CE, 1971. Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia. In: Agriculture Handbook. Agricultural Research Service, USDA" title="Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia." volumeTitle="Agriculture Handbook." year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="181 - 192" publicationUrl="10.2988/09-28.1" refId="B48" refString="Robinson, H, Skvarla, JJ, 2010a. The restoration of the genus Vernonella Sond. (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 123 (3): 181 - 192, DOI: 10.2988/09-28.1" title="The restoration of the genus Vernonella Sond. (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.2988/09-28.1" volume="123" year="2010 a">Robinson and Skvarla (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="096E737FB3846C13F2F587770B498325" author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="181 - 192" publicationUrl="10.2988/09-28.1" refId="B48" refString="Robinson, H, Skvarla, JJ, 2010a. The restoration of the genus Vernonella Sond. (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 123 (3): 181 - 192, DOI: 10.2988/09-28.1" title="The restoration of the genus Vernonella Sond. (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.2988/09-28.1" volume="123" year="2010 a">Robinson and Skvarla (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" type="descriptions">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Descriptions.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D8640905463F6FC17C6D1ABCEC7EE62E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="46" pageNumber="95" type="descriptions">
|
||||
<paragraph id="78E9C788982916173F5047FCF6EC53F5" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">Descriptions.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5EAA1DFC8E5222E8D7490AFDEF74745C" pageId="46" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
Annual or perennial herbs, with leaves rosulate or on leafy stems, basal rosettes often withered at anthesis, bases of plants erect, with or without a dense basal cloak of hairs. Hairs simple or lacking on stems. Inflorescences monocephalic, laxly cymose or densely corymbiform, with short to very elongate peduncles. Heads broadly campanulate; involucres 3-6-seriate, bracts broadly to narrowly oblong, gradate with basal bracts often more lanceolate, tips of inner bracts often obtuse to rounded or apiculate, distally and marginally rather scarious, often purplish. Florets 10-50 or more in a head; corollas purple, with long slender basal tube, throat short, not noticeably broadened at base, lobes linear, usually contorted with age, bearing glands, simple hairs, or L-shaped to T-shaped hairs; anther thecae calcarate and blunt at base, without tails; apical appendage oblong-ovate, with thin cell walls; style base with annulus of thickened, quadrate cells; sweeping hairs slender with sharp, narrow tips. Achenes with ca. 10 ribs, setulose on ribs, setulae with paired cells separated in distal third or less, with numerous idioblasts on surfaces between ribs; raphids in achene wall narrowly elongate. Chromosome number n = 9 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SB" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="119 - 128" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" refId="B22" refString="Jones, SB, 1982. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV. Taxon 31: 119 - 128, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" volume="31" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV." year="1982">Jones 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2F00794B54C48B00EAA3CD0B7AFC4EE5" author="Jones, SB" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="119 - 128" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" refId="B22" refString="Jones, SB, 1982. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV. Taxon 31: 119 - 128, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" volume="31" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV." year="1982">Jones 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="96" start="start">Pollen</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C0F35DEE46208DE35F8066A9BFD6B65" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="21464B2CFC6487A821C25647F438CD81" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" start="start">Pollen</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
ca. 30-40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A5B572A67950F0C9C961BBB4728C5045" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in diameter when dry, tricolporate with short or truncated colpi, sharply echinate with elongate spines, sublophate with large irregularly shaped lacunae, perforated tectum continuous in lacunae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Vernonella and Vernoniastrum. A-C Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate-echinolophate pollen of Vernonella africana Sond. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Oblique polar view. A-C from Wood 753. D-I Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed echinolophate pollen of Vernoniastrum nestor (S. Moore) H. Rob., showing diversity of lacunae and lophae. D-H Oblique and near polar views showing apertures in markedly long lacunae with irregular lophae H Lateral view with apertures (arrows) occupying long lacunar spaces I Enlarged section of surface showing columellae in irregular rows under muri). D-I from Reekmans 9185." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77497" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F004D22437658F4329C17F5F49143C6A" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Vernonella and Vernoniastrum. A-C Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate-echinolophate pollen of Vernonella africana Sond. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Oblique polar view. A-C from Wood 753. D-I Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed echinolophate pollen of Vernoniastrum nestor (S. Moore) H. Rob., showing diversity of lacunae and lophae. D-H Oblique and near polar views showing apertures in markedly long lacunae with irregular lophae H Lateral view with apertures (arrows) occupying long lacunar spaces I Enlarged section of surface showing columellae in irregular rows under muri). D-I from Reekmans 9185." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77497" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0A59F20D17F1474B6F9A60DBE6D1903B" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Notable secondary metabolites include sesquiterpene lactones (elemanolides and eudesmanolides).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<paragraph id="92463A4FC0857D6E22D4BA2C1B8F03EA" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Notable secondary metabolites include sesquiterpene lactones (elemanolides and eudesmanolides).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2D28089B6CC98DA266B6CDF99CFFC465" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Vernonella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="812C4F3BCFEB0CE48CE13D656AC2CD8B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonella" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="86193A4BB0F09F0F4C9C8F974C490F41" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Vernonella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most notable for its often solitary heads, simple vegetative hairs, the comparatively limited differentiation of the involucral bracts, unexpanded corolla throats, and the comparatively small sublophate rather than lophate pollen with uniquely truncated colpi. On the basis of the examination of the type species, the detailed studies of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, CE" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Research Service, USDA" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" refId="B51" refString="Smith, CE, 1971. Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia. In: Agriculture Handbook. Agricultural Research Service, USDA" title="Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia." volumeTitle="Agriculture Handbook." year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E62A0608E85B68603171B8A77B0D1B75" author="Smith, CE" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Research Service, USDA" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" refId="B51" refString="Smith, CE, 1971. Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia. In: Agriculture Handbook. Agricultural Research Service, USDA" title="Observations on Stengelioid species of Vernonia." volumeTitle="Agriculture Handbook." year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and reviews of literature, eleven species are recognized in the genus. The genus is restricted to Africa and is distributed from Cameroon and Sudan in the north southward to Natal in South Africa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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