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<mods:title id="ED30CF8EB4BAD4427D932E9FFD3F0EB7">Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Robinson, Harold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55F27C16E0AF8019D284D531D9F7A3D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55F27C16E0AF8019D284D531D9F7A3D8" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName LSID="55F27C16-E0AF-8019-D284-D531D9F7A3D8" authority="Klatt, 1890" authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">Vernonia potamophila Klatt, 1890</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="55F27C16E0AF8019D284D531D9F7A3D8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55F27C16E0AF8019D284D531D9F7A3D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55F27C16E0AF8019D284D531D9F7A3D8" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" scope_family="Asteraceae">
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<subSubSection id="48B85011281259C45F8F3FA7385275DA" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="225512F73846E50F34B22044EBC3AA4D" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName id="450B73161C9CCD50D96D601E9B48DB75" ID-CoL="5B5Q6" LSID="55F27C16-E0AF-8019-D284-D531D9F7A3D8" authority="Klatt, 1890" authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">Vernonia potamophila Klatt, 1890</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">Vernonia potamophila</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E92BA4264D35CF2F3AE2E9ACAFDD7011" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
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||||
<paragraph id="1F30C540D4E84544567D9B4B7C0C5365" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B905D83DCE084D1AD6849DE539A2671" authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">Vernonia potamophila</taxonomicName>
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Klatt, Annal. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 7: 100. 1890.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Congo, Angola, Namibia (Caprivi strip), Zambia.</paragraph>
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||||
<subSubSection id="FBA0F3AE53D6BE817A4110C6B14DCF9B" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
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||||
<paragraph id="1711B6947FC212719586ACC0A43C0374" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="B839204A5CEA1A49C5BBDCC4D7191A9B" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Congo, Angola, Namibia (Caprivi strip), Zambia.</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="descriptions">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="D8DEFEAB757DDBA78BBAC209AA48EAB6" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" type="descriptions">
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<paragraph id="572B84DC76D8E531D28FD0E35900A70D" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="DA0244D5AC1C72B7835D81284A9407B6" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">
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The initial assumption, based on the robust habit and the described yellowish brown velutinous pubescence of the stems, was of a relationship to the genus
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||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B4B7D0E38A6635AF212D231E85E0D98B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D94C773445A32D2074D460B8F7FF7670" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
of the subtribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gymnantheminae" subtribe="Gymnantheminae">Gymnantheminae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7568179754BA65F575C3C617E36B0F0" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gymnantheminae" subtribe="Gymnantheminae">Gymnantheminae</taxonomicName>
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||||
. Other features indicate a different relationship. A high resolution image of an herbarium specimen (PRE; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Illustrations: A Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. B Bothriocline aggregata Hutch., note: this taxon is not found in southern Africa C Ethulia conyzoides L. f., note: lack of pappus; and D Gymnanthemum koekemoerae H. Rob. & V. Funk, note: broad involucral bracts without a high midrib. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77474" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">2D</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="8CE0492BFD87BFA92E3F5873F1957D47" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Illustrations: A Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) H. Rob. B Bothriocline aggregata Hutch., note: this taxon is not found in southern Africa C Ethulia conyzoides L. f., note: lack of pappus; and D Gymnanthemum koekemoerae H. Rob. & V. Funk, note: broad involucral bracts without a high midrib. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77474" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">2D</figureCitation>
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) as well as an illustration (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Illustration of Vernonia potamaphylla Klatt. See Appendix C for citation details. 1 Habit showing pinnate leaf veination 2 Involucral bracts showing keel and dark line 3 Floret with immature achene 4 Corolla opened longitudinally 5 Anthers 6 Style 7 Achene with pappus 8 Enlarged pappus bristle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77498" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">26</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="536C3E434F2C36955968D5CCBA1C2F01" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Illustration of Vernonia potamaphylla Klatt. See Appendix C for citation details. 1 Habit showing pinnate leaf veination 2 Involucral bracts showing keel and dark line 3 Floret with immature achene 4 Corolla opened longitudinally 5 Anthers 6 Style 7 Achene with pappus 8 Enlarged pappus bristle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77498" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">26</figureCitation>
|
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), show a somewhat keeled involucral bract with a dark median stripe, a character not found in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F998630A303800D2845CFE7C585C396B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="52EDB4D8471D1B43DF3248A88CA01651" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="96">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
. In addition, the pollen totally lacks the strongly developed sublophate pattern that is characteristic of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="48" pageNumber="97" start="start">Gymnanthemum</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D08D3FF1DD2B9651E07EB158DCFF090" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86416177B5ADA86526C59F5BECB4031D" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
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<pageBreakToken id="D60D487802BDBC0E36F4AB97316E9A6C" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" start="start">Gymnanthemum</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of two collections of sublophate echinolophate Gymnanthemum capense (A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning & N. Swelankomo. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Fractured grain structure of exine surfaces E Fractured grain showing spine construction. (A-C Schlechter 6644)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77482" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
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||||
<figureCitation id="524AF107E515E560F9BFD8CEE45ECE55" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of two collections of sublophate echinolophate Gymnanthemum capense (A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning & N. Swelankomo. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Fractured grain structure of exine surfaces E Fractured grain showing spine construction. (A-C Schlechter 6644)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77482" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="55EC05C2BEAC4F4867AB558CB01D0A6D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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||||
) and instead is sublophate with small incipient lacunae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. A-D Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate pollen of Vernonia potamaphylla Klatt. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Grain fragment. From Killick & Leistner 3277." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77499" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">27</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="061F048DAB67F7A6A975BE72A972AC45" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. A-D Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate pollen of Vernonia potamaphylla Klatt. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Grain fragment. From Killick & Leistner 3277." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77499" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">27</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The pollen and involucre characters seem to indicate a position in the subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erlangeinae" subtribe="Erlangeinae">Erlangeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6FFF85E097668819458D9D498726F464" lsidName="" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erlangeinae" subtribe="Erlangeinae">Erlangeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This is most likely a new genus but without a more comprehensive study of the more northern members of the African
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Compositae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" rank="tribe" tribe="Vernonieae">Vernonieae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5100439687EF3A5F2FA5FDB68F38DAD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Vernonieae">Vernonieae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
we can only say that
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia potamophila</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3D4A21936D26C6FDA8F37CD65C70B980" authorityName="Klatt" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamophila" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamophila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED9DEC622F3EB347325911F2E6963004" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia potamophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while definitely not a true
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B7A6A2BB5DBD6E9004A326251F76031" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3CBD32385623EAE82B78234753F60900" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is unplaced as to genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<paragraph id="044EB60D589A590AF5735E36F40DC793" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
An examination of limited fragments showed a few additional characters. The abaxial surface of the leaf has a tomentum of long-armed T-shaped hairs and sweeping hairs restricted to the branches of the style and the juncture of the branches at the shaft of the style. The lobes of the corolla had areolae that were reminiscent of the ducts in the corolla lobes of true
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E1D745BEC77BC43804EC5CB28CC3F93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9C75F8C101914365DAF9894B341FC13E" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the areolae do not form continuous elongate ducts. Raphids of the achenes were short-rectangular in elongate cells. Chromosome number unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974369" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77498" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="DB3C91B60154E7E692B9EA469371567B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="974369" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77498" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
|
||||
<paragraph id="298D07B8C60B7202EA60C86622D64FD2" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A9793C5E791667641B320CC16276A8A" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||||
Illustration of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamaphylla" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamaphylla">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia potamaphylla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD0C8F0BC17CEC27B91D64F753447A72" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamaphylla" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamaphylla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0D31F9966B5A2BB2D7B5ABC0604A6D15" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia potamaphylla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Klatt. See Appendix C for citation details.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">1</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0494E82785432C77AEFD26CD167193FF" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">1</emphasis>
|
||||
Habit showing pinnate leaf veination
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">2</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1862A0DC27AE92560F8EA277B548C926" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">2</emphasis>
|
||||
Involucral bracts showing keel and dark line
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">3</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="93803584A836944F6A3952165A4D37AA" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">3</emphasis>
|
||||
Floret with immature achene
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">4</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="62E1BB2026F10E01FB5C8A0BE16DDA19" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">4</emphasis>
|
||||
Corolla opened longitudinally
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">5</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA96053E20105701FF2C6FC8148EC3B0" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">5</emphasis>
|
||||
Anthers
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">6</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="53DFBBAF1FC19A7DE28FF2D9ACA91674" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">6</emphasis>
|
||||
Style
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">7</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="51C65CE6E4DCF2341260D00103B2BD21" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">7</emphasis>
|
||||
Achene with pappus
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">8</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6079B91DF57BBF8A5F709219598D2431" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">8</emphasis>
|
||||
Enlarged pappus bristle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974371" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77499" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<caption id="F057D9697C9E930BCA0399E5283B127C" ID-Zenodo-Dep="974371" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77499" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BA8A7C8CFCE7FDF21CD118AED0AA183F" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F7FEEFF214C72B7255FE654376356C01" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DCA2156223168383541DDC1830D6F0AB" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1EA89734C6A0CE0487A670E3D2FC0B82" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate pollen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamaphylla" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamaphylla">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia potamaphylla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DAD294C34F636FF0FF9EBE4B93003" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia potamaphylla" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamaphylla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E6538A7D3B5A97C64D6FA2D73A20CBC" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Vernonia potamaphylla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Klatt.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4204E45305713FA3A55AF043E7157AF6" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Polar view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B70ED9098F88FC51B3196372AA0990C2" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Equatorial view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8BA3ACB9AA57496450AAB16EA31A41E4" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
|
||||
Lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E6595D0049BA8228D6A1123BBCBFC014" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">D</emphasis>
|
||||
Grain fragment. From
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Killick & Leistner 3277</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="846E2D6CABFCDD50BD9EF10F07DCDE46" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="97">Killick & Leistner 3277</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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