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<mods:title>Opisthobranchs from the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and ten new records (Mollusca, Gastropoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Yonow, Nathalie</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:04839FB47658BE9B1998C2DD1637079A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/04839FB47658BE9B1998C2DD1637079A" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Phyllidia_exquisita" authority="Brunckhorst, 1993" authorityName="Brunckhorst" authorityYear="1993" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita Brunckhorst, 1993</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="04839FB47658BE9B1998C2DD1637079A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:04839FB47658BE9B1998C2DD1637079A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/04839FB47658BE9B1998C2DD1637079A" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_phylum="Mollusca">
<subSubSection id="4EB734753F19827F92C9223CF62D01D2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2BA4033626F6FD7FF094C8A2D2C0C053" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="E980EE04A351875D4B00E401AD14EE3C" ID-CoL="6VF59" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Phyllidia_exquisita" authority="Brunckhorst, 1993" authorityName="Brunckhorst" authorityYear="1993" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita Brunckhorst, 1993</taxonomicName>
Fig. 18, Plate 63
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="70089754B2F92435278C13F5ECDEF6FE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4895351FBF5E87A20E06F36D32BA7770" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="244DCAEBFED3E43D8C4461A5D513B281" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
Brunckhorst, 1993: 38, pl. 3C (SW Thailand + W Pacific); Debelius and Kuiter 2007: 267 (Maldives).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="32113EB386E60BBA64FD21C9DA5266CD" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="material">
<paragraph id="505ED07AC574C929B10ADBA758EF30DB" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="45F5F4E1D89640D4E5E9E8A960D95A12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Maldives: single specimen 15 mm (11
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5E433867C4C5A2A21B4A45CCB04D0994" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6 mm pres.), Dhigu Tila, near Gulhi, South
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malé">Male</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7BFDC0274AE223B07E125A9F0E535D89" originalValue="Malé">Male</normalizedToken>
Atoll, 12 m depth, 14 October 1994, leg. SG Buttress &amp; RC Anderson. - Madagascar: photo of one individual, Nosy
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4212060325DA4249FA3FCDF096D467AE" originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
, 12-14 m depth, 25 July 2010, S Bachel (http://seaslugs.free.fr/nudibranche/a_intro.htm). - Mayotte: photo of one individual, Ilot Blanc de Mtsamboro, 4 m depth, 30 Dec 2010, M Deuss (http://seaslugs.free.fr/nudibranche/a_intro.htm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="B77D37CFFEC44575C3B897694F92736A" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="FF0E542394289FB6EF9AB2CFA3FD5906" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4ABDED89522F85163F9C59CFA6E77B94" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Elongated oval animal with granular white ground colour and three black lines connected anteriorly around rhinophores but not posteriorly; central one
<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">shortest</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="A70F995BC640BB0DFD0474AF7D3E8C86" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">shortest</pageBreakToken>
and widest. Tubercles present in black areas. Three main rows of orange-tipped tubercles in life, middle ones located along central black line, lateral ones between black lines. Several isolated orange-tipped tubercles outside black lines within marginal band of granular white, which also contains non-orange tubercles. Ring of rounded black spots at edge of granular white and bordering the orange margin. Rhinophores same orange colour as tubercles and margin; anal papilla faintly orange. When the colour images of the living specimen are magnified, a completely separate band is visible around the margin, which is translucent when not pigmented with orange (Plate 63).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">The preserved specimen does not retain any orange pigmentation. The tubercles located on the black lines are clearly spiculose, while those located on white areas are covered by granular pigment (Fig. 18A). The anus is very difficult to see, located far posteriorly and not on a tubercle. Ventrally, the anterior margin of the foot appears to be concave; the oral tentacles are conical (Fig. 18B).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA6B239134B22396A21E54EC78F9EA20" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">The preserved specimen does not retain any orange pigmentation. The tubercles located on the black lines are clearly spiculose, while those located on white areas are covered by granular pigment (Fig. 18A). The anus is very difficult to see, located far posteriorly and not on a tubercle. Ventrally, the anterior margin of the foot appears to be concave; the oral tentacles are conical (Fig. 18B).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<bibRefCitation pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Brunckhorst (1993)</bibRefCitation>
<subSubSection id="36783CD45CF4B004D86F4CABBDBE685B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C474FE94D3E4F72BBC6C4AC08E345394" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="717FF23CE95EEBE2AB99C84CD709CA19" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<bibRefCitation id="1FD4887B4E0070D3222394EDCCB2C987" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Brunckhorst (1993)</bibRefCitation>
described this species from one juvenile specimen (15 mm) from the eastern Indian Ocean and nine specimens (11-30 mm) from the West Pacific but it has been recorded to 45 mm in eastern Australia (
<bibRefCitation author="Cobb, G" journalOrPublisher="ABRS, Canberra, Australia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" title="Undersea Jewels." year="2006">Cobb and Willan 2006</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C1FE2D99EE1EC6A26CE74E7DB0DB8CF6" author="Cobb, G" journalOrPublisher="ABRS, Canberra, Australia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" title="Undersea Jewels." year="2006">Cobb and Willan 2006</bibRefCitation>
). This first record from the Maldives records its distribution in the western Indian Ocean, and photographs from the Maldives and Kenya are available on NudiPixel.
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">Phyllidia schupporum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E4FC67E9B6EF116B34F8917314891903" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia schupporum" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schupporum">Phyllidia schupporum</taxonomicName>
Fahrner &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A26AE4925392F76887C84C6A2318B0CF" originalValue="Schrödl">Schroedl</normalizedToken>
(2000) was originally described from the Red Sea and compared to
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4E59AD473AE7728D298B2EC52BF212A4" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
; it is the most similar species but it has very high spiculose tubercles (see also
<bibRefCitation author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow 2008</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="933EDCB16A5173CE4D64F46D090D3DD9" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" title="Sea Slugs of the Red Sea." year="2008">Yonow 2008</bibRefCitation>
). The numerous photographs now available on the internet show that there are several similar species but, of those with three to four black lines and granular white colour pattern most similar to the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CD6C88F0D50AC0D3ACAFD57DD1D0412B" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
, variations occur from no orange margin to fragmented and complete orange margins, and these can in all probability be assigned to exquisita. Until specimens of the other illustrated forms are examined, their identities must remain unconfirmed.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<caption id="D33881532A886BE9804F7EC647238B00" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="97714587ECFE3B2603A1A512318A75C5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figure 18.
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="963C51758CC4BADA81B599F6888307EB" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia exquisita" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exquisita">Phyllidia exquisita</taxonomicName>
, 11 mm pres. specimen A dorsal view showing granular white pigmentation and spiculose black areas B ventral view of propodium, head, and oral tentacles (left oral tentacle folded over).
</paragraph>
</caption>