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<document id="6D72F4F07CB948436F56CBC15CD5092D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3250.1.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5249189" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1629770574365" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Chen, Shunde, Liu, Shaoying, Liu, Yang, He, Kai, Chen, Weicai, Zhang, Xiuyue, Fan, Zhenxin, Tu, Feiyun, Jia, Xiaodong &amp; Yue, Bisong" docDate="2012" docId="03918789FF9AFFB6FF321FBA58E4F8EF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03250p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3250 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3250.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Blarinella wardi" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFA8FFF1FF9DFFB1FFFB1B485C41FFED" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny of Asiatic Short-Tailed Shrews, genus Blarinella Thomas, 1911 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) and its taxonomic implications" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1729254463140" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0E8E75AA7164069A8DD31C237197AA5C">Molecular phylogeny of Asiatic Short-Tailed Shrews, genus Blarinella Thomas, 1911 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) and its taxonomic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C985A3B66DDECBED38BA08CF208EAFC3">Chen, Shunde</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E5E9B4E76F372C0C2B15D2D56954F58">Liu, Shaoying</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B5A9DB5B0064A53425A7AEC85D8C9776">Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, PR China &amp; This author contributed equally to the paper</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BD44005A0EFBEDA19D262DDF63C799FE">Liu, Yang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1336ADACAAF0ECC9C9FE9D984DC2BCF9">He, Kai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A37DAF3E4F4CF5A29817E3CF68806D7F">Mammal Ecology and Evolution Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="05418F294DA8044DA051C98C3DFEE18D">Chen, Weicai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="12F53F9490A258F764D028034E25C58B">Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1985934D55E51F579792B34D516E0170">Zhang, Xiuyue</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0153A14C3A83D6CCEF96B617F039EE56">Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DBA2633A3EAEDD91A18B4F0986FB044B">Tu, Feiyun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="09D0A5A3E50EEC1C730BF7A45EEB73F8">Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="932BAC0B318D654AA95F702FF546E5A6">Jia, Xiaodong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F22FF82226D14AB60AEE196B09323ACD">Yue, Bisong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="46C994610C7EDC2E520E174C5F27DBEE">Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03918789FF9AFFB6FF321FBA58E4F8EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03918789FF9AFFB6FF321FBA58E4F8EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03918789FF9AFFB6FF321FBA58E4F8EF" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="C3226514FF9AFFB6FF321FBA5DF6FAE6" box="[201,439,1266,1291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF9AFFB6FF321FBA5DF6FAE6" blockId="7.[151,1436,1086,2010]" box="[201,439,1266,1291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FF321FBA5DF6FAE6" bold="true" box="[201,439,1266,1291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FEB61FBB5DF1FAE6" ID-CoL="M235" authority="(Thomas 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[333,432,1266,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FEB61FBB5DF1FAE6" bold="true" box="[333,432,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3226514FF9AFFB6FE441FBA58E4F8EF" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF9AFFB6FE441FBA5DE8FA0F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1086,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FE441FBA5E2DFAE7" author="Thomas, O." box="[447,620,1266,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="335 - 336" refId="ref6613" refString="Thomas, O. (1915) A new shrew of the genus Blarinella from Upper Burma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15, 335 - 336." type="journal article" year="1915">Thomas (1915)</bibRefCitation>
established the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FC651FBB5FBFFAE6" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[926,1022,1267,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FC651FBB5FBFFAE6" box="[926,1022,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the species was considered as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FEDF1E5F5DA8FAC3" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[292,489,1302,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FEDF1E5F5DA8FAC3" box="[292,489,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the specific level or ranked as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FBE31E5F589CFAC3" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1048,1245,1302,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FBE31E5F589CFAC3" box="[1048,1245,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by most taxonomists (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FF1B1E725D20FABF" author="Allen, G. M." box="[224,353,1338,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refId="ref4464" refString="Allen, G. M. (1938) The Mammals of China and Mongolia. Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620 pp." type="book" year="1938">Allen 1938</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FE971E725EA3FABF" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S." box="[364,738,1338,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refId="ref5089" refString="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951) Checklist of palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1951">Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FD161E725F3AFABF" author="Corbet, G. B." box="[749,891,1338,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refId="ref4905" refString="Corbet, G. B. (1978) The mammals of the palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), Cornell University Press, London and Ithaca, 314 pp." type="book" year="1978">Corbet 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FC7D1E725822FABF" author="Honacki, J. H. &amp; Kinman, K. E. &amp; Koeppl, J. W." box="[902,1123,1338,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refId="ref5482" refString="Honacki, J. H., Kinman, K. E. &amp; Koeppl, J. W. (1982) Mammal Species of the World. Allen Press &amp; Association of Systematics Collections, Kansas, 694 pp." type="book" year="1982">
Honacki
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FC101E73585AFABE" box="[1003,1051,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1982
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FB951E72590AFABF" author="Corbet, G. B. &amp; Hill, J. E." box="[1134,1355,1338,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refId="ref4943" refString="Corbet, G. B. &amp; Hill, J. E. (1992) The mammals of the Indomalayan region: A systematic review. Oxford University Press, New York." type="book" year="1992">Corbet &amp; Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FAA51E725D67FA9B" author="Hoffmann, R. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="100 - 139" refId="ref5446" refString="Hoffmann, R. S. (1987) A review of the systematics and distribution of Chinese red-toothed shrews (Soricidae, Insectivora). Acta Theriologica Sinica, 7, 100 - 139." type="journal article" year="1987">Hoffmann (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FEA61E165E6BFA9B" author="Jiang, X-L. &amp; Wang, Y-X. &amp; Hoffmann, R. S." box="[349,554,1374,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref5713" refString="Jiang, X-L., Wang, Y-X. &amp; Hoffmann, R. S. (2003) A review of the systematics and distribution of Asiatic short-tailed shrews, genus Blarinella (Mammalia: Soricidae). Mammal Biology, 68, 193 - 204." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jiang
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FE641E175D90FA9B" box="[415,465,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (2003)
</bibRefCitation>
revealed that
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FD331E175F66FA9B" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[712,807,1374,1398]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FD331E175F66FA9B" box="[712,807,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had a much smaller and narrower skull than
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FADA1E1759DDFA9B" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1313,1436,1374,1398]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FADA1E1759DDFA9B" box="[1313,1436,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FF401ECB5DC5FA76" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[187,388,1411,1435]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FF401ECB5DC5FA76" box="[187,388,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and regarded them as a valid species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FC9B1ECA5848FA77" author="Hutterer, R." box="[864,1033,1410,1434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="220 - 311" refId="ref5617" refString="Hutterer, R. (2005) Order Soricomorpha. In: Wilson, D. E. &amp; Reeder, D. M. (Eds.), Mammal Species of the World 3 rd ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 220 - 311." type="book chapter" year="2005">Hutterer 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, karyotype analyses revealed the diploid number (2N) of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FDCC1EEF5ED6FA53" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[567,663,1446,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FDCC1EEF5ED6FA53" box="[567,663,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2N=32;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FCFD1EEE5F9AFA53" author="Moribe, J. &amp; Li, S. &amp; Wang, Y-X. &amp; Kobayashi, S. J. &amp; Oda, Sen-ichi" box="[774,987,1446,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="323 - 327" refId="ref5951" refString="Moribe, J., Li, S., Wang, Y-X., Kobayashi, S. J. &amp; Oda, Sen-ichi. (2007) Karyological notes on the Southern Short-tailed Shrew, Blarinella wardi (Mammalia, Soricidae). Cytologia, 72, 323 - 327." type="journal article" year="2007">
Moribe
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FC9B1EEF5FD3FA53" box="[864,914,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
) to be different from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FADB1EEF59DDFA53" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1312,1436,1446,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FADB1EEF59DDFA53" box="[1312,1436,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2N=44;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FF061E835DDCFA0F" author="Ye, J. &amp; Biltueva, L. &amp; Huang, L. &amp; Nie, W. &amp; Wang, J. &amp; Jing, M. &amp; Su, W. &amp; Vorobieva, N. V. &amp; Jiang, X-L. &amp; Graphodatsky, A. S. &amp; Yang, F." box="[253,413,1482,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="151 - 159" refId="ref6738" refString="Ye, J., Biltueva, L., Huang, L., Nie, W., Wang, J., Jing, M., Su, W., Vorobieva, N. V., Jiang, X-L., Graphodatsky, A. S. &amp; Yang, F. (2006) Cross-species chromosome painting unveils cytogenetic signatures for the Eulipotyphla and evidence for the polyphyly of Insectivora. Chromosome Research, 14, 151 - 159." type="journal article" year="2006">
Ye
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FED91E835D12FA0E" box="[290,339,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF9AFFB6FF321EA758E4F8EF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1086,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
In the present study, the phylogenetic trees strongly supported the monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FBA31EA758F6F9EB" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1112,1207,1518,1542]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FBA31EA758F6F9EB" box="[1112,1207,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the sister group relationship to the
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FE9C1D5B5DA0F9C6" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[359,481,1555,1579]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FE9C1D5B5DA0F9C6" box="[359,481,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FE051D5B5E83F9C6" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[510,706,1555,1579]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FE051D5B5E83F9C6" box="[510,706,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. In addition, average genetic distances of cyt
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FADA1D5B5979F9C6" box="[1313,1336,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">-b</emphasis>
between members of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FED81D7F5DC3F9A3" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[291,386,1590,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FED81D7F5DC3F9A3" box="[291,386,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other two species (
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FD4F1D7F5F6EF9A3" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[692,815,1590,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FD4F1D7F5F6EF9A3" box="[692,815,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FC9E1D7F5868F9A3" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[869,1065,1590,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FC9E1D7F5868F9A3" box="[869,1065,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were over 14.0%, which is considered as a typical range of interspecific distance for cyt
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FCDC1D135F7FF99E" box="[807,830,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">-b</emphasis>
in insectivores and other mammals (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FB1D1D125C93F97B" author="Fumagalli, L. &amp; Taberlet, P. &amp; Stewart, D. &amp; Gielly, L. &amp; Hausser, J. &amp; Vogel, P." pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="222 - 235" refId="ref5269" refString="Fumagalli, L., Taberlet, P., Stewart, D. T, Gielly, L., Hausser, J. &amp; Vogel, P. (1999) Molecular phylogeny and evolution of Sorex shrews (Soricidae: Insectivora) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 11, 222 - 235." type="journal article" year="1999">
Fumagalli
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FA991D1359D4F99E" box="[1378,1429,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FF251D365DA3F97B" author="Bradley, R. D. &amp; Baker, R. J." box="[222,482,1662,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="960 - 973" refId="ref4596" refString="Bradley, R. D. &amp; Baker, R. J. (2001) A test of the genetic species concept: cytochrome b sequences and mammals. Journal of Mammalogy, 82, 960 - 973." type="journal article" year="2001">Bradley &amp; Baker 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FE141D365E33F97B" author="Avise, J. C." box="[495,626,1662,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refId="ref4497" refString="Avise, J. C. (1994) Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. Chapman &amp; Hall, New York, 511 pp." type="book" year="1994">Avise 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Although
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FD0C1D375F16F97B" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[759,855,1662,1686]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FD0C1D375F16F97B" box="[759,855,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was only represented by
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD16FF9AFFB6FB821D36596FF97B" box="[1145,1326,1662,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
from one locality in this study, we expect that more extensive sampling will not change the phylogenic relationships or genetic distance (He
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FE781D8F5DF5F933" box="[387,436,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. unpublished data). In summary, our results support the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FB521D8F5949F933" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1193,1288,1734,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FB521D8F5949F933" box="[1193,1288,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the genetic and phylogenetic species concepts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FD851DA25FC0F8EF" author="Baker, R. J. &amp; Bradley, R. D." box="[638,897,1770,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="643 - 662" refId="ref4524" refString="Baker, R. J. &amp; Bradley, R. D. (2006) Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept. Journal of Mammalogy, 87, 643 - 662." type="journal article" year="2006">Baker &amp; Bradley 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FC761DA258D9F8EF" author="Nixon, K. C. &amp; Wheeler, Q. D." box="[909,1176,1770,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="211 - 223" refId="ref6004" refString="Nixon, K. C. &amp; Wheeler, Q. D. (1990) An amplification of the phylogenetic species concept. Cladistics, 6, 211 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Nixon &amp; Wheeler 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
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<mods:title id="889181DEDA04EF1AC0B27429409AC70E">Molecular phylogeny of Asiatic Short-Tailed Shrews, genus Blarinella Thomas, 1911 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) and its taxonomic implications</mods:title>
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Phylogenetic relationships of the genus
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This is the first phylogenetic study to include all three species of
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<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FF4C1F2B5D69FB96" box="[183,296,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Blarinella</emphasis>
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. Our results supported the monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FCF71F2B5F3FFB96" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[780,894,1123,1147]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FCF71F2B5F3FFB96" box="[780,894,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Blarinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the sister-relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FAE71F2A5D5AFB73" authority="(Blarinella)" authorityName="Reumer" authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Blarinella" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" rank="tribe" tribe="Blarinellini">
Blarinellini (
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FF5B1FCE5D50FB73" box="[160,273,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Blarinella</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FEAF1FCE5DFBFB73" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1965" box="[340,442,1158,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" rank="tribe" tribe="Blarinini">Blarinini</taxonomicName>
, consistent with previous studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FCBA1FCE5867FB73" author="Ohdachi, S. D. &amp; Hasegawa, M. &amp; Iwasa, M. A. &amp; Vogel, P. &amp; Oshida, T. &amp; Lin, L-K. &amp; Abe, H." box="[833,1062,1158,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="177 - 191" refId="ref6036" refString="Ohdachi, S. D., Hasegawa, M., Iwasa, M. A., Vogel, P., Oshida, T., Lin, L-K. &amp; Abe, H. (2006) Molecular phylogenetics of Soricid shrews (Mammalia) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences: with special reference to the Soricinae. Journal of Zoology, 270, 177 - 191." type="journal article" year="2006">
Ohdachi
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FC511FCF5F9DFB73" box="[938,988,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FBC81FCE5944FB73" author="Dubey, S. &amp; Salamin, N. &amp; Ohdachi, S. D. &amp; Barriere, P. &amp; Vogel, P." box="[1075,1285,1158,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="126 - 137" refId="ref4977" refString="Dubey, S., Salamin, N., Ohdachi, S. D., Barriere, P. &amp; Vogel, P. (2007) Molecular phylogenetics of Soricidae (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla) reveals timing of transcontinental colonizations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 126 - 137." type="journal article" year="2007">
Dubey
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FB7C1FCF58F8FB73" box="[1159,1209,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, we found that
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FEC71FE35DDDFB2E" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[316,412,1195,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FEC71FE35DDDFB2E" box="[316,412,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FE2D1FE35EDAFB2E" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[470,667,1195,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FE2D1FE35EDAFB2E" box="[470,667,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were monophyletic groups, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FBBF1FE35880FB2E" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1092,1217,1195,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FBBF1FE35880FB2E" box="[1092,1217,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a paraphyletic group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
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of
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<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FE6F1C475E53F8CA" bold="true" box="[404,530,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FDAA1C475F5DF8CA" bold="true" box="[593,796,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
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. In the present study,
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FBE71C4758D8F8CB" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1052,1177,1806,1830]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FBE71C4758D8F8CB" box="[1052,1177,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
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was paraphyletic with respect to
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FEF71C7B5D93F8A6" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[268,466,1843,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FEF71C7B5D93F8A6" box="[268,466,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The average cyt
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FD6C1C7B5EEFF8A6" box="[663,686,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">-b</emphasis>
genetic distance between samples of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FBA71C7B5899F8A6" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1116,1240,1843,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FBA71C7B5899F8A6" box="[1116,1240,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FAE91C7B5C9AF883" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FAE91C7B5C9AF883" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
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was 4.23%, which is similar to the intraspecific genetic distance found in the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FB681C1E58A9F883" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1171,1256,1878,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FB681C1E58A9F883" box="[1171,1256,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Blarina</emphasis>
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(4.3%;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FABA1C1F5D45F87F" author="Brant, S. V. &amp; Orti, G." pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="163 - 173" refId="ref4636" refString="Brant, S. V. &amp; Orti, G. (2002) Molecular phylogeny of short-tailed shrews, Blarina (Insectivora: Soricidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22, 163 - 173." type="journal article" year="2002">Brant &amp; Orti 2002</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF9AFFB6FEB91C335DC0F87E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[322,385,1915,1939]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FEB91C335DC0F87E" box="[322,385,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Sorex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5.21 ± 0.75%;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF9AFFB6FDCD1C325F6BF87F" author="Fumagalli, L. &amp; Taberlet, P. &amp; Stewart, D. &amp; Gielly, L. &amp; Hausser, J. &amp; Vogel, P." box="[566,810,1914,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="222 - 235" refId="ref5269" refString="Fumagalli, L., Taberlet, P., Stewart, D. T, Gielly, L., Hausser, J. &amp; Vogel, P. (1999) Molecular phylogeny and evolution of Sorex shrews (Soricidae: Insectivora) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 11, 222 - 235." type="journal article" year="1999">
Fumagalli
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF9AFFB6FD541C335EA1F87E" box="[687,736,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). For the ApoB gene, there were two shared allele
<typeStatus id="5483883DFF9AFFB6FA9A1C3359DDF87E" box="[1377,1436,1915,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">types</typeStatus>
and little sequence difference between the two species. These results indicate a close phylogenetic relationship between the two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF95FFB9FF321BDF5803FE19" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
Given the lack of reciprocal monophyly, one possibility is that the two species are synonymous and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FABC1BD15D53FF39" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FABC1BD15D53FF39" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be a geographic subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FD4E1BF55F71FF39" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[693,816,188,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FD4E1BF55F71FF39" box="[693,816,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FCC51BF55840FF39" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[830,1025,188,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FCC51BF55840FF39" box="[830,1025,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FB6E1BF55951FF39" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1173,1296,188,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FB6E1BF55951FF39" box="[1173,1296,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its generally larger size and in its proportionately and absolutely longer tail (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FC511B97582EFF1A" author="Jiang, X-L. &amp; Wang, Y-X. &amp; Hoffmann, R. S." box="[938,1135,223,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref5713" refString="Jiang, X-L., Wang, Y-X. &amp; Hoffmann, R. S. (2003) A review of the systematics and distribution of Asiatic short-tailed shrews, genus Blarinella (Mammalia: Soricidae). Mammal Biology, 68, 193 - 204." type="journal article" year="2003">Jiang et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). No qualitative character, however, can be found to distinguish the two species, and the karyotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FC1B1A4D58E5FEF1" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[992,1188,260,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FC1B1A4D58E5FEF1" box="[992,1188,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still unknown. Size alone might not be a good indicator for species delimitation of small mammals because it may be phenotypically plastic and influenced by the individual rearing environment (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FC931A045848FE89" author="Rhymer, J. M. &amp; Barbay J. M. &amp; Givens, H. L." box="[872,1033,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref6276" refString="Rhymer, J. M., Barbay J. M. &amp; Givens, H. L. (2004) Taxonomic relationship between Sorex dispar and S. gaspensis: inferences from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Mammalogy, 85, 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="2004">Rhymer 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FBE21A04589FFE89" author="Maldonado, JE &amp; Hertel, F. &amp; Vila, C." box="[1049,1246,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="886 - 896" refId="ref5871" refString="Maldonado, JE., Hertel, F. &amp; Vila, C. (2004) Discordant patterns of morphological variation in genetically divergent populations of ornate shrews (Sorex ornatus). Journal of Mammalogy, 85, 886 - 896." type="journal article" year="2004">Maldonado 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Frafjord 2007). Intraspecific size variation, for instances, was found in other shrew species, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FBA41A385940FE65" box="[1119,1281,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="araneus">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FBA41A385940FE65" box="[1119,1281,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Sorex araneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Frafjord 2007) and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FEE91ADC5DEEFE41" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[274,431,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FEE91ADC5DEEFE41" box="[274,431,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Sorex ornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FE151ADC5EF3FE41" author="Maldonado, JE &amp; Hertel, F. &amp; Vila, C." box="[494,690,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="886 - 896" refId="ref5871" refString="Maldonado, JE., Hertel, F. &amp; Vila, C. (2004) Discordant patterns of morphological variation in genetically divergent populations of ornate shrews (Sorex ornatus). Journal of Mammalogy, 85, 886 - 896." type="journal article" year="2004">Maldonado 2004</bibRefCitation>
); thus the larger size of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FC331ADD58CFFE41" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[968,1166,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FC331ADD58CFFE41" box="[968,1166,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be due to yearly, seasonal, local, regional or microhabitat variation, or phenotypic drift. Comprehensive morphological analyses are still required to assess the pattern of morphological variation found in this complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF95FFB9FF321AB75F96FD4A" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FF321AB75DE1FDFA" author="Jiang, X-L. &amp; Wang, Y-X. &amp; Hoffmann, R. S." box="[201,416,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref5713" refString="Jiang, X-L., Wang, Y-X. &amp; Hoffmann, R. S. (2003) A review of the systematics and distribution of Asiatic short-tailed shrews, genus Blarinella (Mammalia: Soricidae). Mammal Biology, 68, 193 - 204." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jiang
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FEF519495D02FDF5" box="[270,323,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. (2003)
</bibRefCitation>
indicated that
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FDAB19495E8EFDF5" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[592,719,512,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FDAB19495E8EFDF5" box="[592,719,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had a partially sympatric distribution with
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FB36194959D4FDF5" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1229,1429,512,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FB36194959D4FDF5" box="[1229,1429,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, in this study, no sympatric distribution was observed between the two species in the 17 sampling localities. There was no shared haplotype between
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FD2F19015F11FD8D" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[724,848,584,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FD2F19015F11FD8D" box="[724,848,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FC7C1901580AFD8D" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[903,1099,584,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FC7C1901580AFD8D" box="[903,1099,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the cyt
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FB4719005892FD8D" box="[1212,1235,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">-b</emphasis>
network. Sharing of the predominant allele
<typeStatus id="5483883DFF95FFB9FE4D19245DA8FD69" box="[438,489,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
, A1, in ApoB could be explained by the slower evolutionary rate of the nuclear gene than the mitochondrial gene rather than hybridization (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FD0019C75F8BFD4A" author="Brown, W. M. &amp; George, M. JR. &amp; Wilson, A. C." box="[763,970,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="1967 - 71" refId="ref4674" refString="Brown, W. M., George, M. JR. &amp; Wilson, A. C. (1979) Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 76, 1967 - 71." type="journal article" year="1979">
Brown
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FCB419D95FC0FD45" box="[847,897,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. 1979
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF95FFB9FF3219FC5EC0FC2A" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
Another possible explanation for the phylogenetic pattern is incomplete lineage sorting, which also leads to lack of reciprocal monophyly between species (Pamilo &amp; Nei 1988). In this case,
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FBDC199158AAFD1D" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1063,1259,728,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FBDC199158AAFD1D" box="[1063,1259,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be under a &quot;budding&quot; speciation scenario (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FE0619B45F42FCF9" author="Funk, D. J. &amp; Omland, K. E." box="[509,771,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="397 - 423" refId="ref5332" refString="Funk, D. J. &amp; Omland, K. E. (2003) Species-level paraphyly and polyphyly: frequency, causes, and consequences, with insights from animal mitochondrial DNA. Annual review of ecology evolution and System, 34, 397 - 423." type="journal article" year="2003">Funk &amp; Omland 2003</bibRefCitation>
): the budding species is a spatially restricted and isolated population, and its shared alleles will be lost at a faster rate than the parental species; the budding species monophyletic set is expected to be embedded within the paraphyletic parental species (see
<figureCitation id="13032A1AFF95FFB9FBA8180C5881FCB1" box="[1107,1216,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,734,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-340@1.[151,1436,732,1588]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of China showing collecting localities of all individuals used in this study. The sampling localities and site number correspond to sample codes described in Table 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5249191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5249191/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Figure 1k</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FB1F180C5C92FC92" author="Funk, D. J. &amp; Omland, K. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="397 - 423" refId="ref5332" refString="Funk, D. J. &amp; Omland, K. E. (2003) Species-level paraphyly and polyphyly: frequency, causes, and consequences, with insights from animal mitochondrial DNA. Annual review of ecology evolution and System, 34, 397 - 423." type="journal article" year="2003">Funk &amp; Omland 2003</bibRefCitation>
). In this study,
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FE8718215E00FC6D" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[380,577,872,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FE8718215E00FC6D" box="[380,577,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is embedded within the widely distributed
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FBDE182158E1FC6D" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1061,1184,872,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FBDE182158E1FC6D" box="[1061,1184,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and it is a monophyletic group in the phylogenetic trees and an haplogroup in the network. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FBF318C5588FFC49" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1032,1230,908,932]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FBF318C5588FFC49" box="[1032,1230,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be a descendent species of the paraphyletic
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FE0418F95E3BFC25" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[511,634,944,968]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FE0418F95E3BFC25" box="[511,634,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF95FFB9FF32189C5F6EFBD9" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
Further studies about the chromosomes of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FD55189D5F35FC01" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[686,884,980,1004]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FD55189D5F35FC01" box="[686,884,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and phylogenetic analysies of multiple unlinked genes and extensive samples from the Southwest of
<collectingCountry id="F32F760FFF95FFB9FD2618BF5F61FBE2" box="[733,800,1015,1039]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">China</collectingCountry>
would be beneficial to clarify the classification and relationships of the
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FEB11F555D84FBD9" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[330,453,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FEB11F555D84FBD9" box="[330,453,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FE071F555E81FBD9" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[508,704,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FE071F555E81FBD9" box="[508,704,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF95FFB9FF321F77583FFAE1" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FF321F775FE5FBB5" bold="true" box="[201,932,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
Phylogeographic patterns of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FDE41F085EDAFBB5" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[543,667,1087,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FDE41F085EDAFBB5" bold="true" box="[543,667,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FD2E1F085FDCFBB5" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[725,925,1087,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FD2E1F085FDCFBB5" bold="true" box="[725,925,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In this study, all mitochondrial haplotypes of the
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FF391F2C5DCCFB91" box="[194,397,1124,1148]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FF391F2C5D72FB91" box="[194,307,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Blarinella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
were restricted to limited geographical regions (
<figureCitation id="13032A1AFF95FFB9FC411F2C585DFB91" box="[954,1052,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1608,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,734,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-340@1.[151,1436,732,1588]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of China showing collecting localities of all individuals used in this study. The sampling localities and site number correspond to sample codes described in Table 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5249191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5249191/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Figure 1</figureCitation>
, Table 1). This significant phylogeographic pattern might be due to their middle-high elevation distribution and the complicated topography in Southwest
<collectingCountry id="F32F760FFF95FFB9FEEF1FE45D1BFB29" box="[276,346,1196,1220]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">China</collectingCountry>
. Mountains in this region have dramatic variations in topography and are isolated by five major rivers, which run parallel to one another in a North-South direction (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FC641F985823FB05" author="Chen, W. C. &amp; Liu, S. Y. &amp; Liu, Y. &amp; Chen, S. D. &amp; Peng, H. Y. &amp; Yue, B. S. &amp; Zhang, X. Y." box="[927,1122,1232,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="487 - 493" refId="ref4825" refString="Chen, W. C., Liu, S. Y., Liu, Y., Chen, S. D., Peng, H. Y., Yue, B. S. &amp; Zhang, X. Y. (2010) The phylogeography of large white-bellied rat (Niviventer excelsior) implicate the influence patterns of Pleistocene glaciations in the Hengduan Mountains. Zoological Science, 27, 487 - 493." type="journal article" year="2010">
Chen
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FC1F1F995857FB05" box="[996,1046,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Mountain ridges and river valleys may act as geographical barriers, resulting in genetic isolation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FC491FBC5832FAE1" author="Fu, J. &amp; Zeng, X." box="[946,1139,1268,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="1469 - 1488" refId="ref5224" refString="Fu, J. &amp; Zeng, X. (2008) How many species are in the genus Batrachuperus? A phylogeographical analysis of the stream salamanders (family Hynobiidae) from Southwestern China. Molecular Ecology, 17, 1469 - 1488." type="journal article" year="2008">Fu &amp; Zeng 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87369FFF95FFB9FF321E505E64F9EA" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
As with other small mammals inhabiting the middle-high altitude in this region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B6EFF95FFB9FBB01E505949FADD" author="Chen, W. C. &amp; Li, Y. &amp; Liu, Y. &amp; Liu, S. Y. &amp; Yue, B. S." box="[1099,1288,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="215 - 223" refId="ref4766" refString="Chen, W. C., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, S. Y. &amp; Yue, B. S. (2011) Complex topographic configuration in the Hengduan Mountains shaped the phylogeographic structure of Chinese white-bellied rats. Journal of Zoology, 284, 215 - 223." type="journal article" year="2011">
Chen
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FB751E5158FEFADD" box="[1166,1215,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
), dispersal of
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FF6C1E745D20FAB9" box="[151,353,1340,1364]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FF6C1E745D49FAB9" box="[151,264,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Blarinella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
can be limited by this complex topography.
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FCA21E75585FFAB9" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[857,1054,1340,1364]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FCA21E75585FFAB9" box="[857,1054,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is locally distributed in the Qionglai Mountains, which are surrounded by two major river systems, the Dadu River and the Min River. Thus, we can expect that the two river systems, functioning as geographical barriers, may have created a vicariance event between
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FF051EE15D84FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[254,453,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadraticauda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FF051EE15D84FA2D" box="[254,453,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. quadraticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C384D1CFF95FFB9FDFB1EE15E3FFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[512,638,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griselda">
<emphasis id="B94CEA8DFF95FFB9FDFB1EE15E3FFA2D" box="[512,638,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">B. griselda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The lack of reciprocal monophyly between the two putative species could be attributed to a recent timing. Additional samples and study in the regional distribution of genetic diversity are needed to test these hypotheses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
</treatment>
</document>