diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA0FFD0FF5DF942DD0DFEAA.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA0FFD0FF5DF942DD0DFEAA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9aea3cb1e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA0FFD0FF5DF942DD0DFEAA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,397 @@ + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Author + +Villarins, Bárbara T + + + +Author + +Fischer, Luciano G + + + +Author + +Prokofiev, Artem M + + + +Author + +Mincarone, Michael M + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2023 + +2023-11-18 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + + + + + + + +Eustomias +( +Haploclonus +) +antea + +sp.nov. + + + + + + + +( +Figs 2 +, +7A +, +9 +; +Tables 1 +and +2 +) + + + +Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +9DC84F59- 4B38-46E5-9375-4A7CDC577183 + + + + + +Eustomias +sp + +. – Villarins +et al. +2022: 60 [potential new species; off northeastern +Brazil +]. + + + + +Eustomias +sp + +. 2. – + + +Eduardo +et al. +2022: 6 + + +[potential new species; off northeastern +Brazil +]. + + + + + + + +Holotype +: NPM +4880 + +, 124 mm SL, +Brazil +, off +Fernando de Noronha Archipelago +, ABRACOS, station AB2#41A, + +03°19 +ʹ +59″S + +, + +32°24 +ʹ +42″W + +to 03°19 +ʹ +32″S, 32°25 +ʹ +05″W, + +0–430 m + +, RV +Antea +, mid-water trawl, coll. +Leandro Eduardo +, +Paulo Travassos +, and crew, + +26 April 2017 + +, 21:44–22:06 h. + + + + + +Diagnosis: +A species of + +Haploclonus + +with: long chin barbel (45.2% +SL +) lacking appendages, ending in a very small terminal bulb (0.3% +SL +; 2.6% +HL +) with a pigment spot at tip, and without terminal filaments ( +Figs 2 +, +7A +); 61 vertebrae. + + + + +Description: +Chin barbel long, without appendages, almost reaching the base of pelvic fins (45.2% +SL +, 361.3% +HL +) (Fig. 2A). Stem unpigmented with small circular black spots associated with photophores, axis sparsely pigmented internally. Chin barbel ending in a very small and elongated terminal bulb (0.3% +SL +, 2.6% +HL +), the same width as the stem, with a small pigment spot at its tip and without terminal filaments ( +Figs 2C +, +7A +). + + +Dorsal-fin rays 26, anal-fin rays 34, pectoral-fin rays three, pelvic-fin rays seven, branchiostegal rays 13, and total vertebrae 61. Linear photophores in the series: BR 10, IP 7, PV 28, VAV 14 (last five above anal-fin base), OV 27, VAL 15 (last four above anal-fin base), AC 18, IA 49, IC 67, OA 42, and OC 60 (Table 1). Orbital light organs small, subequal in size; +SO +length 0.2% +SL +(1.9% +HL +) and +PO +length 0.3% +SL +(2.6% +HL +), directed diagonally. Small photophores on head and body randomly located. A pair of luminous spots near nostrils and a few aggregations of luminous spots near PV photophores. No ventral groove. + + +Eight teeth on premaxilla, with first, third, and sixth fixed (Fig. 2B); second tooth the longest (1.8% +SL +, 14.2% +HL +). Five teeth on dentary, with first, third and fifth fixed (Fig. 2B); second tooth the longest (1.1% +SL +, 9.0% +HL +). Twenty-two teeth on maxilla, comb-like and directed backwards. Maximum length of the gill filaments at first arch 1. +5 mm +(0.8% +SL +, 6.4% +HL +). + + +Measurements (as a percentage of +SL +): body depth (behind head) 6.8, body width (at pelvic insertions) 5.0, dorsal-fin base length 15.3, anal-fin base length 23.4, predorsal length 79.0, preanal length 71.8, prepelvic length 58.9, pelvic–anal distance 14.9, pelvic fin length 16.1, snout to anus 74.2, caudal peduncle length 2.6, caudal peduncle depth 1.9, head length 12.5, snout length 4.3, eye diameter 2.4, interorbital space 2.9, and upper jaw length 10.9. Measurements (as a percentage of +HL +): snout length 34.2, eye diameter 20.0, interorbital space 23.2, and upper jaw length 80.6; +PO +/Eye 0.13 and +SO +/Eye 0.10 (Table 2). + +Colour in alcohol: body brown; fin rays lightly pigmented near base. Six dorsal paired spots between occiput and dorsal-fin origin. + + + +Distribution and habitat: +Known only from the type locality, off northern Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, +Brazil +(Fig. 9). The +holotype +was collected at +430 m +depth, where the temperature was 8.5°C, salinity 34.7, and dissolved oxygen 3.6 mL/L. The predominant water mass at this depth is the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) ( + +Stramma and +England +1999 + +). + + + + +Etymology: +The specific name honours the +Antea +, the Research Vessel of the French oceanographic fleet, which conducts many deep-sea exploratory surveys around the world, including the ABRACOS expedition off northeastern +Brazil +. + + + + + +Comparison: +Eustomias antea + +shares the main diagnostic features with those in the subgenus + +Haploclonus + +, such as three pectoral-fin rays, seven pelvic-fin rays, slender barbel with no external pigment and with photophores on stem, six dorsal paired spots, and no deep ventral groove, but lacks appendages on barbel stem and possesses a high vertebral count (61). Within the subgenus + +Haploclonus + +, most species have the usual range of vertebrae, 56–59, except + +E. treoavasae + +with a higher count (59–63) ( + +Gibbs +et al. +1983 + +). However, + +E. antea + +can be distinguished easily from + +E. treoavasae + +by the presence of circular black spots on the stem (vs. absence) associated with photophores and one small terminal bulb on the barbel (vs. presence of four or five bulbs on the barbel) ( +Gibbs and Craddock 1973 +, Parin and Pokhil’skaya 1974). Within the subgenus + +Haploclonus + +, only + +Eustomias simplex +Regan + +& Trewavas, 1930 and + +Eustomias lucenae + +are characterized by a simple barbel morphology (Regan and Trewavas 1930, +Morrow and Gibbs 1964 +; present study). However, + +E. antea + +still differs from these congeners by three characters: (i) barbel length [45.2% +SL +vs. 47.3–68.6% (usually> 50%) +SL +in + +E. simplex + +and 9.6% +SL +in + +E. lucenae + +]; (ii) presence of a minute, almost imperceptible terminal bulb with 0.3% +SL +and 2.6% +HL +(vs. a prominent terminal bulb, 2–4 times as long as wide, often slightly constricted at mid-length or in proximal half, 1.8–4.1% +SL +and 12.5–33.3% +HL +in + +E. simplex + +, and prominent and asymmetric terminal bulb with 0.8% +SL +and 6.9% +HL +in + +E. lucenae + +); and (iii) presence of a pigment spot at the tip of the bulb (vs. absent in both + +E. simplex + +and + +E. lucenae + +) (Regan and Trewavas 1930, +Morrow and Gibbs 1964 +; present study). Although this new species shares some features with the three-pectoral-rayed subgenus + +Nominostomias + +(barbel stem with a little or no external pigment, without appendages; no branches proximal to terminal bulbs; no ventral groove posterior to pectoral-fin base), it differs from it mainly by the presence of black spots associated with photophores on the barbel stem, no terminal filaments, lower vertebral count 61 (vs. 64–71, mostly 67–69), and lower serial photophores counts, IC 67 (vs. 69–80, mostly 75–78), and OC 60 (vs. 63–77, mostly 69–72) ( + +Gibbs +et al. +1983 + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA0FFD1FF68FBDADA6CF96B.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA0FFD1FF68FBDADA6CF96B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..31862b59141 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA0FFD1FF68FBDADA6CF96B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Author + +Villarins, Bárbara T + + + +Author + +Fischer, Luciano G + + + +Author + +Prokofiev, Artem M + + + +Author + +Mincarone, Michael M + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2023 + +2023-11-18 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + + + + + + +Subgenus + +Haploclonus +Regan & Trewavas, 1930 + + + + + + + + +Type +species: + + +Eustomias enbarbatus +Welsh, 1923 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis: +The species in the subgenus + +Haploclonus + +have: three free pectoral-fin rays; seven pelvic-fin rays; slender barbel stem with little or no external pigment; no ventral body groove; lower numbers of serial photophores IC (65–68, except + +Eustomias treoavasae +Norman, 1930 + +with 65–72) and OC (56–61, except + +E. treoavasae + +with 60–65), and lower vertebral count (56–59, except + +E. treoavasae + +with 59–63) in comparison to the other three-pectoral-rayed subgenus, + +Nominostomias + +(IC 69–78; OC 63–72; and vertebrae 65–69); presence, in most species, of a row of black spots associated with photophores along part or all of the stem preceding the proximal bulb; five or six pairs of dorsal spots anterior to the dorsal-fin origin; 6–10 widely spaced teeth in both premaxilla and mandible; mobile teeth more numerous than fixed teeth ( +Gibbs and Craddock 1973 +, + +Gibbs +et al. +1983 + +, +Gibbs 1986 +, +Prokofiev 2018 +; present study). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA1FFD5FC3DFE0BDA19FB81.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA1FFD5FC3DFE0BDA19FB81.xml index 5c6474b0c71..5945c500604 100644 --- a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA1FFD5FC3DFE0BDA19FB81.xml +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA1FFD5FC3DFE0BDA19FB81.xml @@ -1,80 +1,61 @@ - - - -Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 - - -Author + + +Author -Bárbara +Villarins, Bárbara T - - -Author + + +Author -Villarins -Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil +Fischer, Luciano G - - -Author + + +Author -Luciano +Prokofiev, Artem M - - -Author + + +Author -Fischer -Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil +Mincarone, Michael M - - -Author - -Artem - - - -Author - -Prokofiev -Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russia & Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovski prospekt 36, Moscow 117997, Russia - - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Mincarone -Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil & Present address: Schmid College of Science and ºechnology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA -mincarone@macae - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -202 + +2023 + +2023-11-18 - -1 -17 + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 -journal article -0024-4082 -D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding @@ -93,53 +74,55 @@ - + ( -Figs 3 +Figs 3 , -7B +7B , -9 +9 ; -Tables 1 +Tables 1 and -2 +2 ) -Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank*org:act: +Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 08E1C783- 06B2-4A6E-AC6B-78D0E24B014E + + - + Eustomias sp -* – Villarins +. – Villarins et al. 2022: 60 [potential new species; off northeastern Brazil -]* +]. + + - + Holotype : NPM 4883 -, 47 mm -SL -, +, 47 mm SL, Brazil -, off -State -of +, off State of Rio Grande do Norte -, ABÞCOS, station AB2#39, +, +ABRACOS +, station AB2#39, 04°52 ʹ @@ -151,62 +134,55 @@ of ʹ 23″W -to - -04°50 +to 04°50 ʹ -53″S - -, - -34°51 +53″S, 34°51 ʹ -05″W - -, +05″W, 650–800 m -, - -RV +, RV Antea - -, mid-water trawl, coll* +, mid-water trawl, coll. Leandro Eduardo , -Paulo -ºravassos, and crew, +Paulo Travassos +, and crew, 24 April 2017 -, 21:49–22:37 h* +, 21:49–22:37 h. + + Diagnosis: A species of Haploclonus -with: 24 OV, 56 OC; a short barbel (9*6% SL; 83*3% HL) without appendages, lacking black spots associated with photophores on stem, ending in a well-developed, strongly asymmetric terminal bulb (0*8% SL, 6*9% HL), without terminal filaments ( -Figs 3 +with: 24 OV, 56 OC; a short barbel (9.6% SL; 83.3% HL) without appendages, lacking black spots associated with photophores on stem, ending in a well-developed, strongly asymmetric terminal bulb (0.8% SL, 6.9% HL), without terminal filaments ( +Figs 3 , -7B -)* +7B +). + + Description: -Chin barbel shorter than head (9*6% SL; 83*3% HL) and without appendages* Barbel stem unpigmented, axis lightly pigmented in the core* ºerminal bulb well developed (0*8% SL, 6*9% HL), lacking any appendages, 1*1 times deeper than long, with distinctly expanded dorsoposterior corner ( -Figs 3B +Chin barbel shorter than head (9.6% SL; 83.3% HL) and without appendages. Barbel stem unpigmented, axis lightly pigmented in the core. Terminal bulb well developed (0.8% SL, 6.9% HL), lacking any appendages, 1.1 times deeper than long, with distinctly expanded dorsoposterior corner ( +Figs 3B , -7B -)* +7B +). -Dorsal-fin rays 26, anal-fin rays 36, pectoral-fin rays three, pelvic-fin rays seven, branchiostegal rays 13, and total vertebrae 57* Linear photophores in the series: BR 10, IP 7, PV 26, VAV 14 (last five above anal-fin base), OV 24, VAL 13 (last five above anal-fin base), AC 19, IA 47, IC 66, OA, 37, OC 56 (ºable 1)* Postorbital organ damaged, SO small (0*4% SL, 3*2% HL)* Series of small photophores along the anterior edge of the orbit extending in a straight line above PO cavity* No ventral luminous tissue* No ventral groove* -Jaws damaged, with some teeth missing: two mobile teeth retained on the premaxilla, second tooth the longest (1*3% SL, 9*7% HL)* One mobile tooth retained on dentary bone (0*8% SL, 6*4% HL)* ºeeth on maxilla damaged* -Measurements (as a percentage of SL): body depth (behind head) 6*2, body width (at pelvic insertions) 4*9, dorsal-fin base length 13*2, anal-fin base length 23*4, predorsal length 85*1, preanal length 74*5, prepelvic length 62*3, pelvic–anal distance 12*3, snout to anus 70*2, caudal peduncle length 4*0, caudal peduncle depth 2*5, head length 11*5, snout length 4*7, eye diameter 2*3,interorbital space 3*2, and upper jaw length 10*4* Measurements (as a percentage of HL): snout length 40*7, eye diameter 20*4, interorbital space 27*8, and upper jaw length 90*7 (ºable 2); SO/Eye 0*18* -Colour in alcohol: body light brown, darker dorsally and ventrally; fin rays and membranes lightly pigmented by isolated melanophores near base* Five pairs of dorsal spots (behind head, above seventh, 14th and 23rd OV, and seventh VAL), becoming less conspicuous posteriorly* +Dorsal-fin rays 26, anal-fin rays 36, pectoral-fin rays three, pelvic-fin rays seven, branchiostegal rays 13, and total vertebrae 57. Linear photophores in the series: BR 10, IP 7, PV 26, VAV 14 (last five above anal-fin base), OV 24, VAL 13 (last five above anal-fin base), AC 19, IA 47, IC 66, OA, 37, OC 56 (Table 1). Postorbital organ damaged, SO small (0.4% SL, 3.2% HL). Series of small photophores along the anterior edge of the orbit extending in a straight line above PO cavity. No ventral luminous tissue. No ventral groove. +Jaws damaged, with some teeth missing: two mobile teeth retained on the premaxilla, second tooth the longest (1.3% SL, 9.7% HL). One mobile tooth retained on dentary bone (0.8% SL, 6.4% HL). Teeth on maxilla damaged. +Measurements (as a percentage of SL): body depth (behind head) 6.2, body width (at pelvic insertions) 4.9, dorsal-fin base length 13.2, anal-fin base length 23.4, predorsal length 85.1, preanal length 74.5, prepelvic length 62.3, pelvic–anal distance 12.3, snout to anus 70.2, caudal peduncle length 4.0, caudal peduncle depth 2.5, head length 11.5, snout length 4.7, eye diameter 2.3,interorbital space 3.2, and upper jaw length 10.4. Measurements (as a percentage of HL): snout length 40.7, eye diameter 20.4, interorbital space 27.8, and upper jaw length 90.7 (Table 2); SO/Eye 0.18. +Colour in alcohol: body light brown, darker dorsally and ventrally; fin rays and membranes lightly pigmented by isolated melanophores near base. Five pairs of dorsal spots (behind head, above seventh, 14th and 23rd OV, and seventh VAL), becoming less conspicuous posteriorly. @@ -223,7 +199,7 @@ Figure 3. NPM 4883 , 47 mm SL, Brazil, off State of Rio Grande do Norte, RV Antea -, ABÞCOS, station AB2#39, 04°52 +, ABRACOS, station AB2#39, 04°52 ʹ 27″S, 34°35 ʹ @@ -231,21 +207,21 @@ Figure 3. ʹ 53″S, 34°51 ʹ -05″W, 650–800 m* A, whole specimen (scale bar: 10 mm)* B, terminal portion of chin barbel (scale bar: 1 mm)* +05″W, 650–800 m. A, whole specimen (scale bar: 10 mm). B, terminal portion of chin barbel (scale bar: 1 mm). - + Table 1. Meristic data for selected species of Eustomias -from off northeastern Brazil, western tropical Atlantic* +from off northeastern Brazil, western tropical Atlantic. - +
- + @@ -456,29 +432,35 @@ Known only from the type locality, off Rio Grande do Norte , Brazil -(Fig* 9)* Ŋe +(Fig. 9). The holotype was collected between 650 and 800 m -depth, water temperature 5*0°C, salinity 34*4, and dissolved oxygen 3*7 mL/L* +depth, water temperature 5.0°C, salinity 34.4, and dissolved oxygen 3.7 mL/L. - + + + Etymology: -Ŋis species is named asser Dr Flávia Lucena-Frédou, Professor at the Universidade Federal Rural de +This species is named after Dr Flávia Lucena-Frédou, Professor at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco +( +Brazil +), for her tireless efforts in supervising and supporting many students in the field of marine biology and conservation. - -
Species @@ -329,7 +305,7 @@ cf. 34
ºotal vertebraeTotal vertebrae 61 57 67
 + + Table 2. Morphometric data for selected species of Eustomias -from off northeastern Brazil, western tropical Atlantic* +from off northeastern Brazil, western tropical Atlantic.
+
- - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - + - - - - + + + + - - + + - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - + - - - - + + + + - - + + - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - + + - - - + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + +
Species @@ -561,207 +543,207 @@ cf.
Body depth6*86*28*65*86*36.86.28.65.86.3
Body width5*04*94*46*05*05.04.94.46.05.0
Length of dorsal fin base15*313*214*813*515*015.313.214.813.515.0
Length of anal fin base23*423*426*524*626*723.423.426.524.626.7
Predorsal length79*085*182*782*681*779.085.182.782.681.7
Preanal length71*874*571*071*671*771.874.571.071.671.7
Prepelvic length58*962*356*854*350*058.962.356.854.350.0
Snout to anus74*270*269*169*970*074.270.269.169.970.0
Pelvic-fin base to anal-fin base14*912*314*215*720*814.912.314.215.720.8
Caudal peduncle length2*64*02*33*53*32.64.02.33.53.3
Caudal peduncle depth1*92*61*72*13*01.92.61.72.13.0
Head length12*511*514*213*112*712.511.514.213.112.7
Snout length4*34*73*95*24*24.34.73.95.24.2
Barbel length45*29*671*067*011*011*0–12*745.29.671.067.011.011.0–12.7
Branch length2*52.5
ºerminal filament length25*93*51*2Terminal filament length25.93.51.2
Proximal bulb length1*20*41.20.4
Distal bulb length0*30*81*00*93*00.30.81.00.93.0
Interbulbar distance1*40*31.40.3
Eye diameter2*42*32*73*22*52.42.32.73.22.5
Interorbital space2*93*23*64*03*02.93.23.64.03.0
Upper jaw length10*910*410*512*810*810.910.410.512.810.8
PO length0*30*81*41*00.30.81.41.0
SO length0*20*40*50*50*50.20.40.50.50.5
Longest premaxillary tooth1*81*31*81*40*71.81.31.81.40.7
Longest dentary tooth1*10*91*41*10*51.10.91.41.10.5
Head length (HL) (mm)15*55*415.55.4 2314*37*614.37.6
@@ -770,102 +752,102 @@ cf.
Snout length34*240*727*439*932*934.240.727.439.932.9
Barbel length361*383*3500*0510*586*8361.383.3500.0510.586.8
Branch length19*719.7
ºerminal filament length182*626*69*2Terminal filament length182.626.69.2
Proximal bulb length8*32*88.32.8
Distal bulb length2*66*97*47*023*72.66.97.47.023.7
Interbulbar distance9*62*49.62.4
Eye diameter20*020*418*724*519*720.020.418.724.519.7
Interorbital space23*227*825*230*823*723.227.825.230.823.7
Upper jaw length80*690*773*997*985*580.690.773.997.985.5
PO length2*65*710*57*92.65.710.57.9
SO length1*93*23*53*53*91.93.23.53.53.9
Longest premaxillary tooth14*29*712*610*55*314.29.712.610.55.3
Longest dentary tooth9*06*510*08*43*99.06.510.08.43.9
@@ -874,49 +856,45 @@ cf.
Branch length46*950*0–60*046.950.0–60.0
Bulb length56*360*0–70*056.360.0–70.0
ºerminal filaments length21*94*0–20*0Terminal filaments length21.94.0–20.0
PO/EYE0*130*190*430*40*27–0*360.130.190.430.40.27–0.36
SO/EYE0*100*180*300*140*20.100.180.300.140.2
- -( -Brazil -), for her tireless efforts in supervising and supporting many students in the field of marine biology and conservation* - + Comparison: -Ŋis species is assigned to the subgenus +This species is assigned to the subgenus Haploclonus -on the basis of three pectoral-fin rays, seven pelvic-fin rays, low photophore and vertebral counts, no ventral groove, six paired dorsal spots, and unbranched barbel stem with liưle or no external pigment* However, it differs from the other members of that subgenus, except the conventionally included +on the basis of three pectoral-fin rays, seven pelvic-fin rays, low photophore and vertebral counts, no ventral groove, six paired dorsal spots, and unbranched barbel stem with little or no external pigment. However, it differs from the other members of that subgenus, except the conventionally included E. treoavasae @@ -928,7 +906,7 @@ Gibbs , Prokofiev 2018 -)* Also, +). Also, E. lucenae @@ -936,13 +914,13 @@ differs from the other species of Haploclonus -by its lower number of OV (24 vs* 26–30) and OC (56 vs* 59–62) ( +by its lower number of OV (24 vs. 26–30) and OC (56 vs. 59–62) ( Gibbs et al. 1983 -)* Ŋe only species with simple barbel morphology in the subgenus are +). The only species with simple barbel morphology in the subgenus are E. antea @@ -952,23 +930,23 @@ and , with the barbel having a single distal swelling without any appendages ( Morrow and Gibbs 1964 -; present study)* +; present study). Eustomias lucenae -differs from these congeners by its shorter barbel length (9*6% SL vs* 45*2% SL in +differs from these congeners by its shorter barbel length (9.6% SL vs. 45.2% SL in E. antea -and 47*3–68*6% SL in +and 47.3–68.6% SL in E. simplex -), prominent deep asymmetric terminal bulb with 0*8% SL, 1*1 times deeper than long (vs* almost imperceptible bulb with 0*3% SL in +), prominent deep asymmetric terminal bulb with 0.8% SL, 1.1 times deeper than long (vs. almost imperceptible bulb with 0.3% SL in E. antea -and prominent elongate-oval to lanceolate bulb ossen slightly constricted at mid-length or more proximally, 1*8–4*1% SL, 2–4 times longer than deep in +and prominent elongate-oval to lanceolate bulb often slightly constricted at mid-length or more proximally, 1.8–4.1% SL, 2–4 times longer than deep in E. simplex @@ -976,11 +954,11 @@ and prominent elongate-oval to lanceolate bulb ossen slightly constricted at mid Morrow and Gibbs 1964 , -Suưon +Sutton et al. 2020b -; A*M*P*, personal observations)* Ŋe recently described +; A.M.P., personal observations). The recently described Eustomias ( @@ -989,7 +967,7 @@ Suưon stamen Koeda & Ho, 2019 -, has also a short barbel (19*6% SL) with relatively simple bulb morphology, but with lower fin-ray count (dorsal-fin rays 20 and anal-fin rays 32 vs* dorsal-fin rays 26 and anal-fin rays +, has also a short barbel (19.6% SL) with relatively simple bulb morphology, but with lower fin-ray count (dorsal-fin rays 20 and anal-fin rays 32 vs. dorsal-fin rays 26 and anal-fin rays 36 in E. lucenae @@ -1000,7 +978,7 @@ Suưon ) ( Koeda and Ho 2019 -)* +). diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA3FFD1FC4CFB41DADCFBF0.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA3FFD1FC4CFB41DADCFBF0.xml index 3ddf085656b..3f920b2449d 100644 --- a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA3FFD1FC4CFB41DADCFBF0.xml +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA3FFD1FC4CFB41DADCFBF0.xml @@ -1,80 +1,61 @@ - - - -Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 - - -Author + + +Author -Bárbara +Villarins, Bárbara T - - -Author + + +Author -Villarins -Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil +Fischer, Luciano G - - -Author + + +Author -Luciano +Prokofiev, Artem M - - -Author + + +Author -Fischer -Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil +Mincarone, Michael M - - -Author - -Artem - - - -Author - -Prokofiev -Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russia & Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovski prospekt 36, Moscow 117997, Russia - - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Mincarone -Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil & Present address: Schmid College of Science and ºechnology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA -mincarone@macae - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -202 + +2023 + +2023-11-18 - -1 -17 + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 -journal article -0024-4082 -D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding @@ -89,7 +70,7 @@ Vaillant, 1884 - + Type @@ -99,11 +80,13 @@ species: Eustomias obscurus Vaillant, 1884 -* +. + + Distinguishing characters: -Upper jaw protrusible; jaw dentition uniserial, no large fangs on maxilla; three pairs of basibranchial teeth; chin barbel with extremely variable morphology; anal fin originating well in advance of dorsal fin, anal-fin base much exceeding dorsal-fin base in length; notochord forming a U-shaped or S-shaped bend behind head; the first six or seven vertebrae represented by only incomplete parts (Regan and ºrewavas 1930, +Upper jaw protrusible; jaw dentition uniserial, no large fangs on maxilla; three pairs of basibranchial teeth; chin barbel with extremely variable morphology; anal fin originating well in advance of dorsal fin, anal-fin base much exceeding dorsal-fin base in length; notochord forming a U-shaped or S-shaped bend behind head; the first six or seven vertebrae represented by only incomplete parts (Regan and Trewavas 1930, Morrow and Gibbs 1964 , @@ -113,7 +96,7 @@ Gibbs , Fink 1985 -)* +). diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA4FFD5FF1FFBE9DA0AF9D4.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA4FFD5FF1FFBE9DA0AF9D4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d3e770d2dc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA4FFD5FF1FFBE9DA0AF9D4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Author + +Villarins, Bárbara T + + + +Author + +Fischer, Luciano G + + + +Author + +Prokofiev, Artem M + + + +Author + +Mincarone, Michael M + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2023 + +2023-11-18 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + + + + + + +Subgenus + +Nominostomias +Regan & Trewavas, 1930 + + + + + + + + +Type +species: + + +Eustomias bibulbosus +Parr, 1927 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis: +The species in the subgenus + +Nominostomias + +have: three well-developed pectoral-fin rays; seven pelvic-fin rays; barbel stem with little or no external pigment, without appendages; one or two terminal bulbs with a projection or filament; no branches proximal to terminal bulbs; no ventral groove posterior to pectoral-fin base; photophore count high, in ventral series (IC) 69–80, in lateral series (OC) 63–73; vertebrae in continuous series 64–71; premaxillary and mandibular teeth 9–20 and 9–29, respectively; mobile teeth higher in number than fixed teeth ( + +Gibbs +et al. +1983 + +, +Prokofiev 2018 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA4FFDBFF6CF9BED9ADF80E.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA4FFDBFF6CF9BED9ADF80E.xml index 4e9778e4430..3170faad7ef 100644 --- a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA4FFDBFF6CF9BED9ADF80E.xml +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFA4FFDBFF6CF9BED9ADF80E.xml @@ -1,80 +1,61 @@ - - - -Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 - - -Author + + +Author -Bárbara +Villarins, Bárbara T - - -Author + + +Author -Villarins -Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil +Fischer, Luciano G - - -Author + + +Author -Luciano +Prokofiev, Artem M - - -Author + + +Author -Fischer -Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil +Mincarone, Michael M - - -Author - -Artem - - - -Author - -Prokofiev -Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russia & Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovski prospekt 36, Moscow 117997, Russia - - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Mincarone -Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil & Present address: Schmid College of Science and ºechnology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA -mincarone@macae - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -202 + +2023 + +2023-11-18 - -1 -17 + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 -journal article -0024-4082 -D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding @@ -93,65 +74,64 @@ - + ( -Figs 4 +Figs 4 , -7C, D +7C, D , -9 +9 ; -Tables 1 +Tables 1 and -2 +2 ) -Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank*org:act: -5169EEEB- FC73-4542-9086-1CE98E6F713C +Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +5169EEEB-FC73-4542-9086-1CE98E6F713C + + - + Eustomias sp -* – Villarins +. – Villarins et al -* 2022: 60 [potential new species; off northeastern +. 2022: 60 [potential new species; off northeastern Brazil -]* +]. - + Eustomias sp -* 1* – Eduardo +. 1. – Eduardo et al -* 2022: 6 [potential new species; off northeastern +. 2022: 6 [potential new species; off northeastern Brazil -]* +]. - - + + + + Holotype : NPM 4878 -, 162 mm -SL -, +, 162 mm SL, Brazil , off -Fernando de Noronha Archipelago -, ABÞCOS, station AB2#44A, - - - +Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, ABRACOS +, station AB2#44A, 03°52 ʹ @@ -163,52 +143,53 @@ sp ʹ 33″W -to - -03°52 +to 03°52 ʹ -13″S - -, - -32°16 +13″S, 32°16 ʹ -28″W - -, -0–850 m +28″W, + +0–850 m + , RV Antea -, mid-water trawl, coll* Leandro Eduardo, Paulo ºravassos, and crew, -28 April 2017 -, 12:44–13:17 h* +, mid-water trawl, coll. Leandro Eduardo, Paulo Travassos, and crew, + +28 April 2017 + +, 12:44–13:17 h. + + + Diagnosis: A species of Nominostomias -with IC 78 and OC 70; long chin barbel (71% SL, 500% HL) with two terminal bulbs, very long, simple terminal filament (25*9% SL; 182*6% HL) split close to tip at 87*8% BL, bearing several bulblets of different sizes; axis bifurcated directly behind the second bulb at 62*1% BL ( -Figs 4 +with IC 78 and OC 70; long chin barbel (71% SL, 500% HL) with two terminal bulbs, very long, simple terminal filament (25.9% SL; 182.6% HL) split close to tip at 87.8% BL, bearing several bulblets of different sizes; axis bifurcated directly behind the second bulb at 62.1% BL ( +Figs 4 , -7C -)* +7C +). + + Description: -Chin barbel very long, extending beyond the anal fin insertion (71% SL, 500% HL), with two oval terminal bulbs of approximately equal size (proximal bulb 1*12 times the distal bulb length) separated by a short interspace (9*6% HL, 115*8% proximal bulb length), inserted at 57*4 and 60*6% barbel length, respectively (Fig* 4)* No appendages or photophores on the barbel stem* Stem unpigmented* Axis darkly pigmented to proximal end of second bulb and lightly pigmented to the end of filament* ºerminal filament very long (25*9% SL, 182*6% HL), without side branches, with axis bifurcated directly asser the distal tip of second bulb at 62*9% of barbel length ( -Figs 4C +Chin barbel very long, extending beyond the anal fin insertion (71% SL, 500% HL), with two oval terminal bulbs of approximately equal size (proximal bulb 1.12 times the distal bulb length) separated by a short interspace (9.6% HL, 115.8% proximal bulb length), inserted at 57.4 and 60.6% barbel length, respectively (Fig. 4). No appendages or photophores on the barbel stem. Stem unpigmented. Axis darkly pigmented to proximal end of second bulb and lightly pigmented to the end of filament. Terminal filament very long (25.9% SL, 182.6% HL), without side branches, with axis bifurcated directly after the distal tip of second bulb at 62.9% of barbel length ( +Figs 4C , -7C -), ending in two separate unequal terminations, with the ventral longer and heavily pigmented by large melanophores from the bifurcation (Fig* 4D)* A group of six closely set elongate bulblets of different shape and size located below the lower branch of the axis in front of the distal bulb at distance of 1*2 times distal bulb length (8*7% HL, 105*2% proximal bulb length)* A large oval bulblet (4*3% HL, 52*6% proximal bulb length) situated on the upper branch of the axis at a distance 1*5 times greater than its length from the previous complex of bulblets ( -Figs 4C +7C +), ending in two separate unequal terminations, with the ventral longer and heavily pigmented by large melanophores from the bifurcation (Fig. 4D). A group of six closely set elongate bulblets of different shape and size located below the lower branch of the axis in front of the distal bulb at distance of 1.2 times distal bulb length (8.7% HL, 105.2% proximal bulb length). A large oval bulblet (4.3% HL, 52.6% proximal bulb length) situated on the upper branch of the axis at a distance 1.5 times greater than its length from the previous complex of bulblets ( +Figs 4C , -7D -)* Six tiny round bulblets on terminal filament; the first underneath the lower axis; second and third on the lower axis; fourth and fissh on the upper axis; and the sixth above the lower axis (Fig* 4D)* Distance between proximal and distal bulbs 1*16 times proximal bulb length, 1*29 times distal bulb length* +7D +). Six tiny round bulblets on terminal filament; the first underneath the lower axis; second and third on the lower axis; fourth and fifth on the upper axis; and the sixth above the lower axis (Fig. 4D). Distance between proximal and distal bulbs 1.16 times proximal bulb length, 1.29 times distal bulb length. -Dorsal-fin rays 20, anal-fin rays 33, pectoral-fin rays 3, pelvic-fin rays 7, branchiostegal rays 16, an total vertebrae 67* Linear photophores in the series: BR 11, IP 8, PV 32, VAV 19 (seven above anal-fin base), OV 33, VAL 18 (eight above anal-fin base), AC 19, IC 78, and OC 70 (ºable 1)* Presence of one photophore immediately behind end of premaxilla and one photophore on opercle* Postorbital organ small, oval, directed diagonally (0*8% SL, 5*65% HL)* Suborbital organ small, rounded (0*5% SL, 3*5% HL)* Small photophores on head and body randomly located* Series of small photophores along the anterior edge of the orbit extending in a straight line above PO; a few aggregations of luminous spots near IV photophores and near base of pelvic-fin rays* No ventral groove* -Sixteen teeth on premaxilla, with second tooth the longest (1*8% SL, 12*6% HL), followed by a sequence of three or four smaller teeth and one longer* Seven fixed teeth: first, second, third, sixth, seventh, 13th, and 14th (Fig* 4B)* ºwenty-one dentary teeth, with fourth tooth the longest (1*4% SL, 10*0% HL) and probably the second and third are replacement teeth* Nine fixed teeth: third, sixth, eighth, 10th, and 11th–15th (Fig* 4B)* ºwenty-one teeth on maxilla, comb-like and directed backwards* Gill filaments extending almost beyond gill cover when fixed* +Dorsal-fin rays 20, anal-fin rays 33, pectoral-fin rays 3, pelvic-fin rays 7, branchiostegal rays 16, an total vertebrae 67. Linear photophores in the series: BR 11, IP 8, PV 32, VAV 19 (seven above anal-fin base), OV 33, VAL 18 (eight above anal-fin base), AC 19, IC 78, and OC 70 (Table 1). Presence of one photophore immediately behind end of premaxilla and one photophore on opercle. Postorbital organ small, oval, directed diagonally (0.8% SL, 5.65% HL). Suborbital organ small, rounded (0.5% SL, 3.5% HL). Small photophores on head and body randomly located. Series of small photophores along the anterior edge of the orbit extending in a straight line above PO; a few aggregations of luminous spots near IV photophores and near base of pelvic-fin rays. No ventral groove. +Sixteen teeth on premaxilla, with second tooth the longest (1.8% SL, 12.6% HL), followed by a sequence of three or four smaller teeth and one longer. Seven fixed teeth: first, second, third, sixth, seventh, 13th, and 14th (Fig. 4B). Twenty-one dentary teeth, with fourth tooth the longest (1.4% SL, 10.0% HL) and probably the second and third are replacement teeth. Nine fixed teeth: third, sixth, eighth, 10th, and 11th–15th (Fig. 4B). Twenty-one teeth on maxilla, comb-like and directed backwards. Gill filaments extending almost beyond gill cover when fixed. @@ -225,7 +206,7 @@ Figure 4. NPM 4878 , 162 mm SL, Brazil, off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, RV Antea -, ABÞCOS, station* AB2#44A, 03°52 +, ABRACOS, station. AB2#44A, 03°52 ʹ 53″S, 32°17 ʹ @@ -233,25 +214,31 @@ Figure 4. ʹ 13″S, 32°16 ʹ -28″W, 0–850 m* A, whole specimen (scale bar: 10 mm)* B, representation of dentition (fixed teeth in black; scale bar: 10 mm)* C, terminal portion of chin barbel (scale bar: 10 mm)* D, complex of bulblets in the terminal filament (scale bar: 1 mm)* E, tip of the terminal filament (scale bar: 1 mm)* Bulblets are indicated by black arrows* +28″W, 0–850 m. A, whole specimen (scale bar: 10 mm). B, representation of dentition (fixed teeth in black; scale bar: 10 mm). C, terminal portion of chin barbel (scale bar: 10 mm). D, complex of bulblets in the terminal filament (scale bar: 1 mm). E, tip of the terminal filament (scale bar: 1 mm). Bulblets are indicated by black arrows. -Measurements (as a percentage of SL): body depth (behind head) 8*6, body width (at pelvic insertions) 4*4, dorsal-fin base length 14*8, anal-fin base length 26*5, predorsal length 82*7, preanal length 71*0, prepelvic length 56*8, pelvic–anal distance 14*2, snout to anus 69*1, pectoral-fin length 14*8, pelvic-fin length 14*2, caudal peduncle length 2*3, caudal peduncle depth 1*7, head length 14*2, snout length 3*9, chin barbel length 71*0, terminal filament length 25*9, first bulb length 1*2 and depth 0*5, second bulb length, 1*0 and depth 0*4, group of bulblets 0*7 and depth 0*3, single large bulblet 0*6 and depth 0*3, proximal and distal bulb interspace 1*4, distal bulb to group of bulblets 1*2, group of bulblets to single large bulblet 0*9, eye diameter 2*6, interorbital space 3*6, and upper jaw length 10*5 (ºable 2)* Measurements (as a percentage of HL): snout length 27*4, upper jaw length 71*9, eye diameter 18*7, interorbital space 25*2, chin barbel length 500, terminal filament length 182*6, first bulb length 8*3 and depth 3*5, second bulb length 7*4 and depth 3*0, group of bulblets length 5*2 and depth 2*2, single large bulblet length 4*3 and depth 2*0, proximal and distal bulb interspace 9*6, distal bulb to group of bulblets 8*7, and group of bulblets to single large bulblet 6*5 (ºable 2); SO/eye 0*19 and PO/eye 0*30* -Colour when freshly caught: body black and two terminal bulbs blueish* Colour in alcohol: body dark brown; pelvic-fin rays darkly pigmented; dorsal- and anal-fin rays and membranes lightly pigmented near base* +Measurements (as a percentage of SL): body depth (behind head) 8.6, body width (at pelvic insertions) 4.4, dorsal-fin base length 14.8, anal-fin base length 26.5, predorsal length 82.7, preanal length 71.0, prepelvic length 56.8, pelvic–anal distance 14.2, snout to anus 69.1, pectoral-fin length 14.8, pelvic-fin length 14.2, caudal peduncle length 2.3, caudal peduncle depth 1.7, head length 14.2, snout length 3.9, chin barbel length 71.0, terminal filament length 25.9, first bulb length 1.2 and depth 0.5, second bulb length, 1.0 and depth 0.4, group of bulblets 0.7 and depth 0.3, single large bulblet 0.6 and depth 0.3, proximal and distal bulb interspace 1.4, distal bulb to group of bulblets 1.2, group of bulblets to single large bulblet 0.9, eye diameter 2.6, interorbital space 3.6, and upper jaw length 10.5 (Table 2). Measurements (as a percentage of HL): snout length 27.4, upper jaw length 71.9, eye diameter 18.7, interorbital space 25.2, chin barbel length 500, terminal filament length 182.6, first bulb length 8.3 and depth 3.5, second bulb length 7.4 and depth 3.0, group of bulblets length 5.2 and depth 2.2, single large bulblet length 4.3 and depth 2.0, proximal and distal bulb interspace 9.6, distal bulb to group of bulblets 8.7, and group of bulblets to single large bulblet 6.5 (Table 2); SO/eye 0.19 and PO/eye 0.30. +Colour when freshly caught: body black and two terminal bulbs blueish. Colour in alcohol: body dark brown; pelvic-fin rays darkly pigmented; dorsal- and anal-fin rays and membranes lightly pigmented near base. + + Distribution: Known only from the type locality, off eastern Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil -(Fig* 9)* Ŋe +(Fig. 9). The holotype was collected at 780 m -depth, where the temperature was 4*7°C, salinity 34*5, and dissolved oxygen 3*6 mL/L* +depth, where the temperature was 4.7°C, salinity 34.5, and dissolved oxygen 3.6 mL/L. + + Etymology: -Ŋe species epithet is created from Greek ‘ophis’ (snake) and ‘glossa’ (tongue) in allusion to the terminal filament spliưing at the tip* +The species epithet is created from Greek ‘ophis’ (snake) and ‘glossa’ (tongue) in allusion to the terminal filament splitting at the tip. + + Comparison: Like all congeners in subgenus @@ -266,11 +253,11 @@ has three pectoral-fin rays, seven pelvic-fin rays, barbel stem unpigmented with Haploclonus -(78 IC and 70 OC vs* 65–71 IC and 56–65 OC)* However, +(78 IC and 70 OC vs. 65–71 IC and 56–65 OC). However, E. ophioglossa -differs from all other species of the genus by having unique barbel morphology, with the axis of the terminal filament bifurcated along all of its length* +differs from all other species of the genus by having unique barbel morphology, with the axis of the terminal filament bifurcated along all of its length. Eustomias ophioglossa @@ -280,7 +267,7 @@ Gibbs et al. (1983) -owing to the presence of two terminal bulbs and a single terminal filament lacking branches* In the identification key proposed by +owing to the presence of two terminal bulbs and a single terminal filament lacking branches. In the identification key proposed by Gibbs et al. @@ -305,43 +292,43 @@ Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983 Eustomias bibulbosus Parr, 1927 -* However, +. However, E. ophioglossa -differs from these species by: (i) the presence of a group of fusiform bulblets and a separated large oval bulblet in the basal portion of the terminal filament, splitting close to tip (vs* only tiny bulblets present and filament not spliưing); (ii) interbulbar distance 1*3 times distal bulb length (vs* 1*0 times distal bulb length in +differs from these species by: (i) the presence of a group of fusiform bulblets and a separated large oval bulblet in the basal portion of the terminal filament, splitting close to tip (vs. only tiny bulblets present and filament not splitting); (ii) interbulbar distance 1.3 times distal bulb length (vs. 1.0 times distal bulb length in E. australensis -, 2*8–3*0 times distal bulb length in +, 2.8–3.0 times distal bulb length in E. austratlanticus -, and 2*0–7*8 times in +, and 2.0–7.8 times in E. bibulbosus -); and (iii) length of distal bulb 0*9 times proximal bulb (vs* distal bulb 1*6 times proximal bulb in +); and (iii) length of distal bulb 0.9 times proximal bulb (vs. distal bulb 1.6 times proximal bulb in E. australensis -, distal bulb 1*4–2*1 times proximal bulb in +, distal bulb 1.4–2.1 times proximal bulb in E. austratlanticus -, and distal bulb 1*0–1*6 times proximal bulb in +, and distal bulb 1.0–1.6 times proximal bulb in E. bibulbosus -)* Also, it differs from +). Also, it differs from E. austratlanticus -by the longer terminal filament without branches (25*9% SL vs* 10% or shorter, with two short branches near its base), and from +by the longer terminal filament without branches (25.9% SL vs. 10% or shorter, with two short branches near its base), and from E. bibulbosus -by the interbulbar distance 1*2 times proximal bulb length (vs* interbular distance 2*3–8*5 times proximal bulb length) and high count of premaxillary teeth (16 vs* 12–13)* +by the interbulbar distance 1.2 times proximal bulb length (vs. interbular distance 2.3–8.5 times proximal bulb length) and high count of premaxillary teeth (16 vs. 12–13). diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFAAFFDAFC37FF17DDB3FA42.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFAAFFDAFC37FF17DDB3FA42.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..509be51eb4d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFAAFFDAFC37FF17DDB3FA42.xml @@ -0,0 +1,474 @@ + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Author + +Villarins, Bárbara T + + + +Author + +Fischer, Luciano G + + + +Author + +Prokofiev, Artem M + + + +Author + +Mincarone, Michael M + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2023 + +2023-11-18 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + + + + + + + +Eustomias +( +Nominostomias +) +bertrandi + +sp.nov. + + + + + + + +( + +Figs +5 + +, +7E +, +9 +; +Tables 1 +and +2 +) + + + +Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +CBAB98BF-BD97-496B-9D0E-40E55B937587 + + + + + +Eustomias +sp + +. Villarins +et al. +2022: 60 [potential new species; off northeastern +Brazil +]. + + + + +Eustomias +sp + +. 4. – + + +Eduardo +et al. +2022: 6 + + +[potential new species; off northeastern +Brazil +]. + + + + + + + +Holotype +: NPM +4610 + +, 109 mm SL, +Brazil +, off +Fernando de Noronha Archipelago +, ABRACOS, station AB2#44A, + +03°52 +ʹ +53″S + +, + +32°17 +ʹ +33″W + +to 03°52 +ʹ +13″S, 32°16 +ʹ +28″W, + +0–850 m + +, RV +Antea +, mid-water trawl, coll. +Leandro Eduardo +, +Paulo Travassos +, and crew, + +28 April 2017 + +, 12:44–13:17 h. + + + + + +Diagnosis: +Species of + +Nominostomias + +with: long chin barbel (67% +SL +, 510.5% +HL +) ending in two terminal bulbs; distal bulb 2.5 times the length of the proximal bulb; distance between bulbs short (0.3% +SL +, 2.4% +HL +), 0.9 times proximal-bulb length and 0.35 times distal-bulb length; distal bulb with a short terminal filament (3.5% +SL +, 26.6% +HL +), filled with very small luminous bodies ( + +Figs +5 + +, +7E +). + + + + +Description: +Chin barbel long, extending beyond the anal fin insertion (67% +SL +, 510.5% +HL +) (Fig. 5A). Barbel stem unpigmented and axis lightly pigmented. No appendages or photophores on stem. Two terminal bulbs, proximal bulb small (0.4% +SL +, 2.8% +HL +) and distal bulb larger (0.9% +SL +, 7% +HL +). Distal bulb 2.5 times length of the proximal bulb, and proximal bulb 0.4 times length of distal bulb. Distance between bulbs short (0.3% +SL +, 2.4% +HL +), 0.9 times proximal-bulb length and 0.35 times distal-bulb length. A short terminal filament (3.5% +SL +, 26.6% +HL +), filled with very small luminous bodies ( +Figs 5C +, +7E +). + + +Dorsal-fin rays 25, anal-fin rays 40, pectoral-fin rays three, pelvic-fin rays seven, branchiostegal rays 12, and total vertebrae 68. Linear photophores in the series: BR 10, IP 7, PV 32, VAV 20 (eight above anal-fin base), OV 31, VAL 20 (nine above anal-fin base), AC 19, IA 62, IC 78, OA 51, and OC 70 (Table 1). Postorbital organ large, oval, directed diagonally (1.4% +SL +, 10.5% +HL +). Suborbital organ small, rounded (0.5% +SL +, 3.5% +HL +). Small photophores randomly located on head and body. Series of small photophores along the anterior edge of the orbit extending in a straight line above +PO +; a few sparse aggregations of luminous spots near IV photophores and before +SO +. No ventral groove. + + +Fourteen teeth on premaxilla, with first, second, third, and sixth fixed; second tooth the longest (1.4% +SL +, 10.5% +HL +) (Fig. 5B; Table 2). Fifteen teeth on dentary, with first, second, third, and sixth fixed; second tooth the longest (1.1% +SL +, 8.4% +HL +) (Fig. 5B). Thirteen teeth on maxilla, comb-like and directed backwards. + + +Measurements (as a percentage of +SL +): body depth (behind head) 5.8, body width (at pelvic insertions) 6.0, dorsal-fin base length 13.5, anal-fin base length 24.6, predorsal length 82.6, preanal length 71.6, prepelvic length 54.3, pelvic–anal distance 15.7, pelvic-fin length 15.1, snout to anus 69.9, caudal peduncle length 3.5, caudal peduncle depth 2.1, head length 13.1, snout length 5.2, eye diameter 3.2, interorbital space 4.0, and upper jaw length 12.8. Measurements (as a percentage of +HL +); snout length 39.9, eye diameter 24.5, interorbital space 30.8, and upper jaw length 97.9 (Table 2); +PO +/Eye 0.43 and +SO +/Eye 0.14. + + + + +Figure 5. + +Eustomias +( +Nominostomias +) +bertrandi + + +, holotype, +NPM 4610 +, 109 mm SL, Brazil, off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, RV +Antea +, ABRACOS, station AB2#44A, 03°52 +ʹ +53″S, 32°17 +ʹ +33″W to 03°52 +ʹ +13″S, 32°16 +ʹ +28″W, 0–850 m. A, whole specimen (scale bar: 10 mm). B, representation of dentition (fixed teeth in black; scale bar: 10 mm). C, terminal portion of chin barbel (scale bar: 1 mm). + + +Colour in alcohol: body dark brown; fin ray membranes lightly pigmented near base by dotted melanophores. Eight paired dorsal spots between the occiput and dorsal-fin origin. + + + +Distribution: +Known only from the type locality, off eastern Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, +Brazil +(Fig. 9). The +holotype +was collected at +780 m +depth, where the temperature was 4.7°C, salinity 34.5, and dissolved oxygen 3.6 mL/L. + + + + +Etymology: +This species is named after Dr Arnaud Bertrand, Senior Researcher at the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( +France +), in recognition of his commitment, enthusiasm, and leadership in conducting the ABRACOS expeditions and many other marine biology-related projects. + + + + +Comparison: +Like the congeners in subgenus + +Nominostomias + +, + +E. bertrandi + +has three pectoral-fin rays, seven pelvic-fin rays, the barbel stem unpigmented with no photophores, presence of bulbs and terminal filaments, ventral groove absent and high counts of photophores. + +Eustomias bertrandi + +belongs to the + +Nominostomias + +group I of + +Gibbs +et al. +(1983) + +, particularly to the species having two separated terminal bulbs, single terminal filaments without or with very short branches, proximal bulb in the centre of the stem, and distance between bulbs <2% +SL +(couplet +14 in +the key of + +Gibbs +et al. +1983 + +). Within these species, + +E. bertrandi + +is more similar to + +Eustomias bibulboides +Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983 + +and + +Eustomias orientalis +Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983 + +, although its barbel length is slightly longer (67% +SL +vs. shorter than 65% +SL +in + +E. bibulboides + +and + +E. orientalis + +). Like the new species, both + +E. bibulboides + +and + +E. orientalis + +have luminous bodies (described as tiny bulblets) in the terminal filament, although varying with the size of specimens and not present in all specimens. However, + +E. bertrandi + +differs from + +E. orientalis + +by the smaller size of the proximal bulb (0.4% +SL +vs. 0.8–1.3% +SL +), the size proportion between distal and proximal bulbs (distal bulb 2.5 times the proximal bulb length vs. 0.7–1.8 times) and the shorter terminal filament (3.5% +SL +vs. 4.1–5.3% +SL +, respectively). + +Eustomias bertrandi + +differs from + +E +. +bibulboides + +by the size proportion between the distal and proximal bulbs (distal bulb 2.5 times the proximal bulb length vs. 0.5–1.8 times), shorter terminal filament (3.5% +SL +vs. usually 5–7% and maximum 11% +SL +), and by the lightly pigmented axis of the barbel stem (vs. densely pigmented, often black). Both + +E. orientalis + +and + +E. bibulboides + +are restricted in distribution to the North Pacific Ocean. + + +Within Atlantic species, + +E. bertrandi + +is most similar to + +E. austratlanticus + +and + +E. bibulbosus + +, but differs from both species in having a much shorter interbulbar distance with 0.3% +SL +(vs. in 2.8–3.0% +SL + +E. austratlanticus + +and 2.2–4.2% +SL +in + +E. bibulbosus + +), and interbulbar distance 0.35 times the distal-bulb length (vs. 2.8– 3.0 times distal-bulb length in + +E. austratlanticus + +and 2.0–7.8 times distal-bulb length in + +E. bibulbosus + +) and 0.9 times the proximal-bulb length (vs. 2.3–8.5 times proximal bulb length in + +E. bibulbosus + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFABFFDAFCC7FA2BDD32F8C3.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFABFFDAFCC7FA2BDD32F8C3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a87a2575ef4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFABFFDAFCC7FA2BDD32F8C3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Author + +Villarins, Bárbara T + + + +Author + +Fischer, Luciano G + + + +Author + +Prokofiev, Artem M + + + +Author + +Mincarone, Michael M + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2023 + +2023-11-18 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + + + + + + +Subgenus + +Dinematochirus +Regan & Trewavas, 1930 + + + + + + + + +Type +species: + + +Eustomias fissibarbis +( +Pappenheim, 1914 +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis: +Species of subgenus + +Dinematochirus + +have: two developed pectoral-fin rays or pectoral-fin absent; seven pelvic-fin rays; a short barbel, usually 20% SL or less, with three branches arising together or from a short trunk from the darkly pigmented stem well before the single terminal bulb; no photophores on the barbel stem; ventral groove from third to 13th PV; ventral luminous tissue absent or inconspicuous; most of the teeth mobile ( + +Gibbs +et al. +1983 + +, +Clarke 1998 +, +Prokofiev 2018 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFABFFDFFCF9F8ABDB51F873.xml b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFABFFDFFCF9F8ABDB51F873.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..24ba461e98f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/AE/87/03AE87AAFFABFFDFFCF9F8ABDB51F873.xml @@ -0,0 +1,539 @@ + + + +Four new species of dragonfish genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) from the western tropical Atlantic, with remarks on Eustomias minimus Clarke, 1999 + + + +Author + +Villarins, Bárbara T + + + +Author + +Fischer, Luciano G + + + +Author + +Prokofiev, Artem M + + + +Author + +Mincarone, Michael M + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2023 + +2023-11-18 + + +202 + + +1 + + +1 +17 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad163 +0024-4082 +D261FD0-638C-46AB-AD43-B6941119E9F5Corresponding + + + + + + + +Eustomias +( +Dinematochirus +) cf. +minimus +Clarke, 1999 + + + + + + + + +( +Figs 6 +, +8 +, +9 +; +Tables 1 +and +2 +) + + + + + + + + +Eustomias minimus +Clarke 1999: 1010 + + +, figs 2B, 3 [original description, central and western equatorial Pacific; +holotype +: +USNM 3246460 +]. + + + + +Figure 6. + +Eustomias +( +Dinematochirus +) + +cf + +. +minimus +, NPM + +4881, 60 mm SL, Brazil, off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, RV +Antea +, ABRACOS, station AB2#42A, 03°15 +ʹ +28″S, 31°48 +ʹ +29″W to 03°15 +ʹ +28″S, 31°50 +ʹ +41″W, 0–780 m. A, whole specimen (scale bar: 10 mm). B, terminal portion of chin barbel (scale bar: 1 mm). + + + + + +Eustomias dendriticus +. + +– Parin and Pokhilskaya 1974: 333 [in part, RV +Vitiaz +: stations 6033/132, 6429/55, and 6429/211]. – + +Parin 1976: 198 + +[same specimens as above]. + + + + + +Eustomias minimus +. + +– Villarins +et al. +2022: 51, fig. 15E [off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, +Brazil +]. – + + +Eduardo +et al. +2022: 6 + + +[off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, +Brazil +]. + + + + + +Material examined: + +NPM 4881, one ( +60 mm +SL), +Brazil +, off +Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, ABRACOS +, station AB2#42A, + +03°15 +ʹ +28″S + +, + +31°48 +ʹ +29″W + +to 03°15 +ʹ +28″S, 31°50 +ʹ +41″W, + +0–780 m + +, RV +Antea +, mid-water trawl, coll. +Leandro Eduardo +, +Paulo Travassos +, and crew, + +27 April 2017 + +, 12:23–12:26 h + +. + + + + +Diagnosis: +A species of + +Dinematochirus + +with: two pectoral-fin rays, barbel with a single thin simple branch arising from the stem; branch length barely half that of distal portion of barbel (from branch to tip of barbel); terminal filaments simple and short, slightly extending to not reaching beyond bulb tip ( +Figs 6 +, +8 +). + + + + +Description: +Measurements and counts are based on the specimen NPM 4881 and those (when available) reported by +Clarke (1999) +. Chin barbel shorter than head, 11.0% +SL +(11.0– 12.7% +SL +; +Clarke 1999 +), 86.8% +HL +, with stem, dorsal and part of the lateral portion of terminal bulb pigmented, lighter than rest of body (or dorsolateral surfaces solidly pigmented in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +) (Fig. 6A). Terminal bulb slightly constricted at the edge of the dorsal pigment. Stem branch short (2.5% +SL +, 19.7% +HL +) and simple, unpigmented ( +Figs 6B +, +8 +). Distance from the barbel origin to branch 5.7% +SL +(44.7% +HL +); distance from branch to bulb 2.5% +SL +(18.4% +HL +); and distance from branch to tip of the bulb (distal barbel) 5.5% +SL +(42.1% +HL +). Terminal bulb oval, its length 1.4 times its depth and 1.5 times its width. Bulb length 3% +SL +(23.7% +HL +) and bulb depth 2.2% +SL +(17.1% +HL +) (Fig. 6B). Two opposite terminal filaments short and simple, extending beyond tip of the bulb (1.2% +SL +, 9.2% +HL +). Measurements (as a percentage of +BL +): distance from barbel base to branch 51.5 (70.0–74.0 in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +); branch length 22.7; bulb length 27.3; bulb depth 19.7; terminal filaments 10.6; distance from branch to bulb 21.2; and distance from branch to tip of the bulb (distal barbel) 48.5. Measurements (as a percentage of distal barbel): barbel base to branch 106.3, branch length 46.9 (50.0–60.0 in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +); bulb length 56.3 (60.0–70.0 in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +); bulb depth 40.6; terminal filaments length 21.9 (4.0–20.0 in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +), and distance from branch to bulb 43.8. + + +Dorsal-fin rays 21, anal-fin rays 34, pectoral-fin rays two, pelvic-fin rays seven, branchiostegal rays 13, and total vertebrae 67. Linear photophores in the series: BR 10, IP 8, PV 28, VAV 15 (six above anal-fin base), OV 29, VAL 18 (seven above anal-fin base), AC 21, IA 51, IC 72, OA 47, and OC 68 (Table 1). Postorbital organ oval, diagonally directed (1% +SL +, 7.9% +HL +). Suborbital organ small, rounded (0.5% +SL +, 3.9% +HL +). Small photophores on head and body randomly located. Series of small photophores along the anterior edge of the orbit extending in a straight line above postorbital organ. A few aggregations of luminous spots near IV. Ventral groove from isthmus to fifth PV (sixth PV in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +). + + +Five teeth on premaxilla (six to eight in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +), all mobile; second tooth the longest (0.7% +SL +, 5.3% +HL +). Nine teeth on dentary (eight in the paper by +Clarke 1999 +), all mobile; second tooth the longest (0.5% +SL +, 3.9% +HL +). Teeth on maxilla damaged. + + +Measurements (as a percentage of +SL +): body depth 6.3, body width 5.0, dorsal-fin base length 15.0, anal-fin base length 26.7, predorsal length 81.7, preanal length 71.7, prepelvic length 50.0, pelvic–anal distance 20.8, snout to anus 70.0, caudal peduncle length 3.3, caudal peduncle depth 3.0, head length 12.7, snout length 4.2, eye diameter 2.5, interorbital space 3.0, and upper jaw length 10.8. Measurements (as a percentage of +HL +): snout length 32.9, eye diameter 19.7, interorbital space 23.7, upper jaw length 85.5 (Table 2); +PO +/Eye 0.4 (0.27–0. +36 in +the paper by +Clarke 1999 +) and +SO +/Eye 0.2. + +Colour in alcohol: body light brown, and fin rays and membranes lightly pigmented near base. Eight paired dorsal spots between the occiput and dorsal-fin origin. + + + +Figure 7. +Chin barbel of the new species of + +Eustomias + +. A, terminal portion of + + +Eustomias +( +Haploclonus +) +antea + + +, holotype, +NPM 4880 +, 124 mm SL. B, terminal portion of + + +Eustomias +( +Haploclonus +) +lucenae + + +, holotype, +NPM 4883 +, 47 mm SL. C, terminal bulbs and complex of bulblets of + + +Eustomias +( +Nominostomias +) +ophioglossa + + +, holotype, +NPM 4878 +, 162 mm SL. D, distal bulb and bulblets of + + +Eustomias +( +Nominostomias +) +ophioglossa + + +, holotype, +NPM 4878 +, 162 mm SL. E, terminal portion of + + +Eustomias +( +Nominostomias +) +bertrandi + + +, holotype, +NPM 4610 +, 109 mm SL. Scale bar: 1 mm. + + + + +Figure 8. +Chin barbel of + +Eustomias +( +Dinematochirus +) + +cf + +. +minimus +, NPM + +4881, 60 mm SL. Scale bar: 1 mm. + + + + + +Distribution: +Eustomias minimus + +is known from the +holotype +and three non-type specimens collected in the western and Central Equatorial Pacific, from +200 to 600 m +depth ( +Parin and Pokhils’kaya 1974 +, +Clarke 1999 +). A single specimen tentatively named as + +Eustomias + +cf + +. +minimus + +is known from off northeastern Fernando de Noronha Archipelago ( +Brazil +), western tropical Atlantic (Villarins +et al. +2022, present study; Fig. 9). The specimen from +Brazil +was collected at +780 m +depth, at a water temperature of 4.6°C, salinity 34.4, and dissolved oxygen 3.8 mL/L. + + + + +Remarks: +The characteristics of the specimen reported here agree with those of + +E. minimus + +described by +Clarke (1999) +, especially by its simple barbel morphology, with a single branch arising from the barbel stem, without side filaments, bulblets or swelling, and about one-half the length of the subsequent portion of the barbel (= ‘distal barbel’), and by the simple (without side filaments) and short terminal filaments arising from the bulb. However, the Atlantic specimen differs from those originally described by the following characters: part of the lateral surface of the terminal bulb unpigmented in the proximal portion (vs. all lateral surface solidly pigmented in the proximal portion); five teeth in premaxilla (vs. six to eight); nine teeth in dentary (vs. eight); barbel branch arising at 51.5% +BL +(vs. 70–74% +BL +); length of branch 46.9% of distal barbel (vs. 50–60%); bulb length 56.3% of distal barbel (vs. 60–70%); terminal filaments 21.9% of distal barbel (vs. 4–20%); +PO +40.0% of eye diameter (vs. 27–36%) ( +Clarke 1999 +). Although those differences in the pigmentation and barbel proportions were observed, they might be related to intraspecific variation, which is still not understood owing to the low number of known specimens (one in the Atlantic and four in the Pacific; +Clarke 1999 +). Thus, although further investigations on additional specimens of + +E. minimus + +and other species of + +Dinematochirus + +are necessary, the specimen reported here is identified tentatively as + +Eustomias + +cf + +. +minimus + +. + + +The other species with relatively simple branch morphology (couplet +2 in +the key by +Clarke 1999 +) do not confer with the specimen examined, which has the short simple terminal filaments (vs. terminal filaments with numerous short bulbous side filaments along their lengths in + +Eustomias pinnatus +Clarke, 1999 + +, western Equatorial Pacific), and a short branch, about one-half the length of the distal barbel (vs. branch length equal or greater than length of distal barbel in + +Eustomias uniramis +Clarke, 1999 + +, Central Pacific, and in smaller specimens of + +Eustomias monoclonus +Regan + +& Trewavas, 1930, northwestern and western equatorial Atlantic). Also, the dorsolateral portion of the terminal bulb is pigmented in + +E. minimus + +(vs. proximal portion of the terminal bulb solidly pigmented around its entire circumference in + +E. monoclonus + +, and bulb pigmented dorsally except for a mediodorsal fork or unpigmented streak in + +E. uniramis + +) ( +Clarke 1999 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file