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data/11/CF/50/11CF50BFF249505B33315BC08D26B4CC.xml
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297092" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="29b06347-2a16-47e8-8deb-c8084f3522bd" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905252754" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="11CF50BFF249505B33315BC08D26B4CC" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Sciuridae.754-818.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="91C4B717759630DB830679AF52629BE0" lastPageNumber="805" masterDocId="91C4B717759630DB830679AF52629BE0" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae" masterLastPageNumber="818" masterPageNumber="754" pageNumber="805" updateTime="1716778896931" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C74B686900E9E268BDD208D140F8CBB0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B9924997882923B2564CC63CD64BE651">
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<mods:title id="8DEE94C5F9E5DB09540FDE358631D6BA">Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E2BC12256B6C919532C7819064EB2637" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="004DAA891742C78F40797CE7F6A76162">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="88D14C3E2D01FBF1E2BEB5BDB4D35DBF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ED495F837BD43BA7A7CF232D4E8888E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5961DA647918CF708EFC831709010150">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
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||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="86C8CE9B38DC21101686A1FDB0550921">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0B36B092F291BBF5413B7E8740127557">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="D73FE414E51A77BDCC337121C15E4B4C">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="58EC2958BD0CFE154E2BF4272789A587">
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<mods:placeTerm id="F560F9128EE3D949D16DDC56CAC1A050">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AA3847C9AD25F1E414FF08C4502EDEA4">
|
||||
<mods:title id="57F337CB86E845C2B86EA81E620740DA">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4BEE3649A4C109248B604BC72B8F63C7">
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<mods:extent id="AA3C0CB7B380C4BCFE0C8234C6277862" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="3B1CB1D6418BAFEC86C3D7ED8DC73450">754</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2AEFF00DF0BC7A9C5037CD13047893DE">818</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="7ED048EA6409F667AB2E834B85A2E630">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5B4DD7F81D6893018DBAA66F8B5D24D6" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BDCE5944D5B86E1CE13B5874B104E7F5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="11CF50BFF249505B33315BC08D26B4CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11332697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231538446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11332697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11CF50BFF249505B33315BC08D26B4CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11CF50BFF249505B33315BC08D26B4CC" lastPageNumber="805" pageNumber="805" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12401010">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C039DDBBA1BFD95DA16318D71F9871FE" pageNumber="805" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="854D1E0EDF83BF4CE1C675DA52269DEC" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="227B30933152E78E7FD2033D15AE2D99" ID-CoL="6YX8Y" authority="(Linnaeus 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citellus" subGenus="Spermophilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1AE21756548E35DD25745561F72BC940" italics="true" pageNumber="805">Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus 1766)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7085949483E72E2E232E5871CF79DAD2" pageNumber="805" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="13CFCC1F060200FE854723AD167FFC7C" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="A39B074B2D0DA05255881D05DC3D1B39" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="80" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citellus" title="Mus citellus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1" year="1766">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E2A8DDAD0A66C8ECACB1CD53043602C4" ID-CoL="3Q9L" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citellus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CBD955F473C7058BE161638EE360F36" italics="true" pageNumber="805">[Mus] citellus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A1C8EE67798B669F34F968122D56F7DF" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213994" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1766 - 1768. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. pt. 1, pp. 1 - 532 [1766]; vol. 3, Appendix pp. 223 - 235 [1768]. 12 th ed. [Vol. 3, Regnum Lapideum, pp. 1 - 222, rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, opinion 296]. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 3 vols." year="1766">Linnaeus 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibCitation id="EE8C8638835E215074276D527C1A67CA" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="805" pagination="80" title="Mus citellus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1" year="1766">Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1: 80</bibCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9D992C83FC73259CECF63C174266F15F" pageNumber="805" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="54458E3B956309FB1B4C79DF0C1FBD1C" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92A703452228C42A4289874FD6B5438A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="805">Type Locality:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="EB022757115ACD32450FB45ADE017C76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867319448" country="Austria" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
"
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9F9D7813A90631E6DB3F8C2BB9205CCB" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||||
"; restricted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="70EE7C3481BCFCCDF07ADDEB899A80EC" author="Martino, V. & E. Martino" refId="ref228079" refString="Martino, V., and E. Martino. 1940. Preliminary notes on five new mammals from Yugoslavia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 11: 493 - 498." year="1940">Martino and Martino (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to "Wagram, Niederosterrich" (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9587A9C79B6DEFCF2B15AB858BC1CB59" author="Bauer, K." refId="ref23846" refString="Bauer, K. 1960. Die Saugetiere des Neusiedlersee-Gebietes (Osterreich). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 11: 141 - 344." year="1960">Bauer, 1960:254</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D737D571E9B5DAB47A0345249BF8B452" pageNumber="805" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F8F4FF4F6EB3A88AF75E44D55F64EE3D" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4ECB567FC1A2399C29748C918321AAEF" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="805">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="586E080A5ED953C4C56C24373D9CDE4F" language="eng" pageNumber="805">European Ground Squirrel</vernacularName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5CAC3EDC68DEC012A05989A57697B65D" pageNumber="805" type="synonym_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0402BC404DBC05D8B8E47A8A0F7997B5" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<emphasis id="42C9993C74D0EC47CDB6941490A95CE0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="805">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AEEC70C5CBDBC505E1D2E9F25848CCD9" authority="Fraguedakis-Tsolis and Ondrias 1977" authorityName="Fraguedakis-Tsolis and Ondrias" authorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macedonicus" subGenus="Spermophilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="30D434D6CB591BAE16AB45F5202E08D2" italics="true" pageNumber="805">Spermophilus (Spermophilus) macedonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Fraguedakis-Tsolis and Ondrias 1977
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EEF168520FE87CA5B36E92CAD3E47184" pageNumber="805" type="child_taxa">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9CA96190D1ABA85D469407BA4C440FCC" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8C4ADC35C9C4DCAF1F3EFF5340612AC9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="805">Subspecies:</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BCF85B2A5113507601A9C65D68321123" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
Subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5D15912C384412E2032CB1F407DF460" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="citellus" subGenus="Spermophilus" subSpecies="citellus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F2C0856529E94A96327C8B7487428B1" italics="true" pageNumber="805">Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A19F713B87D7031CDA722ED3D3A7F9C" italics="true" pageNumber="805">citellus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0180B1DC2B6B5151986B4426B1199329" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213994" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1766 - 1768. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. pt. 1, pp. 1 - 532 [1766]; vol. 3, Appendix pp. 223 - 235 [1768]. 12 th ed. [Vol. 3, Regnum Lapideum, pp. 1 - 222, rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, opinion 296]. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 3 vols." year="1766">Linnaeus 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="91A4F2C372A0FACAAFF4D91D29E2B2FD" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
Subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6025774F3270053C4CFDC573898AE191" authority="Martino 1929" authorityName="Martino" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="citellus" subGenus="Spermophilus" subSpecies="gradojevici">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5B209D216D2A617F46D2381CFC059FB2" italics="true" pageNumber="805">Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="59C1D1A88213842A05D152A6AC26BCB1" italics="true" pageNumber="805">gradojevici</emphasis>
|
||||
Martino 1929
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F87C9C16E457D1F7370D0D7A1F898F65" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
Subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C1324EF3FEAD58D3FA18BC4B3FCE890F" authority="Calinescu 1934" authorityName="Calinescu" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="citellus" subGenus="Spermophilus" subSpecies="istricus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="19AF1725A1897CC126B24C61E9D439B9" italics="true" pageNumber="805">Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="59CDCEC9B33DE501607173242878FC87" italics="true" pageNumber="805">istricus</emphasis>
|
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Calinescu 1934
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D709968ED27CCEAF71493FC27EC3D8CD" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
Subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42B79CB2C9C4E16B94D4A4A0215F33E9" authority="Peshchev 1955" authorityName="Peshchev" authorityYear="1955" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="citellus" subGenus="Spermophilus" subSpecies="martinoi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7B6431E034DCAD1A81033EED18B9707" italics="true" pageNumber="805">Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8F962D8381C8BA63E298AA836ECB4E7" italics="true" pageNumber="805">martinoi</emphasis>
|
||||
Peshchev 1955
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="628CFCF4D6591683DCC1F25BDDBC3C2E" pageNumber="805" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F7D00BB815229537D5195EB0248850F2" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7212EE3CBB05648E5FD304A7696896D7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="805">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||||
SE
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="10EA17F6B42A9A98E3E17BEBF7F78637" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="3D1CA9C7843E96022CCB64155CC0CE0A" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, SW
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="1F8EF8A488FBC3BC8D12C2427471AB1B" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
through SE Europe to European
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="FBE9433C68821BB246437FE547A9B8AD" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Moldovia and W
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CD2C79AC4D0051BC58134FB8EF55E2C1" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2ABEF1EDB01C60CD034017D7B5A733BC" pageNumber="805" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="24D37EDA24682C5FDB46F3C9E1715F29" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7F59A144E57A0A2CB7CE68801ABEF596" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="805">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7A997E62CFF0858F909E4EA18A0F822B">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||||
– Vulnerable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="22F4CE0D00DCDA4FF2F2F87520FA8FF2" pageNumber="805" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2CE50AFF5AD8252714529586753B90F4" pageNumber="805">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D20917047370E603D354D1BB34F77317" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="805">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||||
Subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C4302800481F34F5BD4CD8274A7D3A3" baseAuthorityName="Hall" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="74AAC9C72DC8F3DCCE2A87CC53856363" italics="true" pageNumber="805">Spermophilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Formerly included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBAE3ECEF13E92AB80450F3982B924CF" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauricus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7034A566103F7BDB57E7B6D06CE9DE4C" italics="true" pageNumber="805">dauricus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E8AB4B03AE378AA712AD8F3146A4DEA2" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthoprymnus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE1980101DFAFE9C1400AB867AA99551" italics="true" pageNumber="805">xanthoprymnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1EB6F1764F08E1CCBC8CFDEB2CDED69A" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:506)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; but see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="66510CF655FC2819CD2A2549CB546523" author="Gromov, I. M. & D. I. Bibikov & N. I. Kalabukhov & M. N. N. Meier" refId="ref130487" refString="Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian)." year="1965">Gromov et al. (1965:208</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, 237),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D380D832D811821B6CE0B1AA77D949ED" author="Vorontsov, N. N. & E. A. Lyapunova" refId="ref377038" refString="Vorontsov, N. N., and E. A. Lyapunova. 1970. Khromosomnye chisla i vidoobrazovanie u nazemnykh belich'ikh (Sciuridae: Xerinae et Marmotinae) Golarktiki [Chromosome number and species formation in ground squirrels ... of the Holarctic]. Byulleten' Moskovskovo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, 75: 122 - 136 (in Russian)." year="1970">Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BA2953BA1E7685A58054A60779EC62AE" author="Orlov, V. N. & N. Davaa" refId="ref267160" refString="Orlov, V. N., and N. Davaa. 1975. O systematicheskom polozhenii Alashanskovo suslika Citellus alashanicus Buch. (Sciuridae, Rodentia) [On the systematic position of the Alashan ground squirrel ...]. Pp. 8 - 9, in Sistematika i tsitogenetica mlekopitayushchikh [Systematics and cytogenetics of mammals] (V. N. Orlov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, 60 pp. (in Russian)." year="1975">Orlov and Davaa (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Cytogenetics described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4C6CA9F2ECF629E112F7873B6EF4F5" author="Belcheva, R. & D. Peshev" refId="ref26416" refString="Belcheva, R., and D. Peshev. 1985. Consitutive heterochromatin in the ground squirrel Citellus citellus (Sciuridae, Rodentia) from Bulgaria. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 215: 385 - 390." year="1985">Belcheva and Peshev (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="914BAFBC491BE8DC7E664B62B09B7D4A" author="Soldatovic, B. & D. Zimonjic & I. Savic & E. Giagia" refId="ref335147" refString="Soldatovic, B., D. Zimonjic, I. Savic, and E. Giagia. 1984. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of the populations of European ground squirrel (Citellus citellus L.) on the Balkan peninsula. Bulletin. Academie Serbe des Sciences. Classe des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles, 86: 47 - 56." year="1984">Soldatovic et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B30AB1E4626A6CC9D53F05D609EE92D2" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthoprymnus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F853ED21CABA67BB1FE991449B85D2C" italics="true" pageNumber="805">xanthoprymnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is now considered to be more closely aligned with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DFDE01F19A47D7CDCF94B58B335638CD" baseAuthorityName="Guldenstaedt" baseAuthorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suslicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7A7D5EAD3C59A5100447239AEA745AB" italics="true" pageNumber="805">suslicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F31F26E1868C06B76ABDF34C2D3D2068" authority="(Harrison et al., 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauricus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AAA1264E947B2564B9212B481BB3459C" italics="true" pageNumber="805">dauricus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1A47CB8BA0C26E54908FFC9E488444AE" author="Harrison, R. G. & S. M. Bogdanowicz & R. S. Hoffmann & E. Yensen & P. W. Sherman" refId="ref141564" refString="Harrison, R. G., S. M. Bogdanowicz, R. S. Hoffmann, E. Yensen, and P. W. Sherman. 2003. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the ground squirrels (Rodentia, Marmotinae). Journal of Molecular Evolution, 10 (3): 249 - 276." year="2003">Harrison et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
333
data/11/CF/83/11CF83A10B8CE0721E9F7D0B75DC8EC6.xml
Normal file
333
data/11/CF/83/11CF83A10B8CE0721E9F7D0B75DC8EC6.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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|
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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|
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<mods:namePart>Hartop, Emily A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">
|
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|
||||
; lifeStage:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">adult</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Megaseliashadeae Hartop 2014; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: San Jose; locality:
|
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11CF83A10B8CE0721E9F7D0B75DC8EC6:DC594AF3A463E8556BF6D91EFE0552B2" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.05" longitude="-84.01" name="Zurqui de Moravia" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Zurqui de Moravia</location>
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|
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<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Malaise trap #1</collectingMethod>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
/21; Record Level: institutionCode:
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-06-14" collectingMethod="Malaise trap 1" collectionCode="LACM, ENT" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.05" location="Zurqui de Moravia" longitude="-84.01" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" specimenCode="322008" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">322008</specimenCode>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: San Jose; locality:
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
; collectionCode:
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
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|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
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|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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Type status:
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|
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|
||||
; lifeStage:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">adult</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Megaseliashadeae Hartop 2014; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: San Jose; locality:
|
||||
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|
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; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">1600 m</elevation>
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|
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<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Malaise trap #1</collectingMethod>
|
||||
; eventDate:
|
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|
||||
/20; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
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|
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; collectionCode:
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|
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|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Description</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">See Table 2, Figs 2, 3, 4, 5.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">
|
||||
Wing with darkly-pigmented central swelling in center. Fork formed by wing veins R2+3 and R4+5 greatly enlarged. The central wing spot makes this different from all other described Neotropical species with the single exception of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. dicksoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="dicksoni">M. dicksoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wakeford, T." journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="227 - 230" title="A Cuban Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) with wing-spots" volume="25" year="1994">Wakeford and Disney 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), from which it differs in having a bubbled and pigmented, rather than a scaled, wing spot.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Etymology</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Named for E. A. Hartop's niece, Shade Zehendner.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Known from a single site in Costa Rica.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" type="biology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Biology</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" type="taxon discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">
|
||||
A primary key to Neotropical species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaselia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was given by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="289 - 488" title="Versuch einer Uebersicht ueber die neotropischen Megaselia Arten, sowie neue oder wenig bekannte Phoriden verschiedener Gattungen (Diptera, Phoridae)" volume="5" year="1962">Borgmeier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who supplemented his original key with two additional keys to Neotropical species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="33 - 132" title="New or little-known phorid flies, mainly of the Neotropical Region" volume="12" year="1969">Borgmeier 1969a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="1 - 172" title="Further studies on phorid flies, mainly of the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Phoridae)" volume="14" year="1971">Borgmeier 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and a key to Dominican species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="1 - 69" title="Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica: The Phoridae of Dominica (Diptera)" volume="23" year="1969">Borgmeier 1969b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="289 - 488" title="Versuch einer Uebersicht ueber die neotropischen Megaselia Arten, sowie neue oder wenig bekannte Phoriden verschiedener Gattungen (Diptera, Phoridae)" volume="5" year="1962">Borgmeier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, this species keys to couplet 62 of the group VII key where it differs immediately from both
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. notipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="notipennis">M. notipennis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. phoebe" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="phoebe">M. phoebe</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of a wing spot.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">
|
||||
Neotropical species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaselia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described subsequent to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Borgmeier’s">Borgmeier's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
keys are given by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Boesi, R." journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="341 - 345" title="Two new species of scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with cellophane bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) in Chile" volume="82" year="2006">Boesi et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, B. V." journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="1 - 4" title="A key to Neotropical Region frog-egg-feeding species of Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae), with a new species from Panama" volume="520" year="2011">Brown and Horan (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kung, G." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="751 - 756" title="Two new species of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Costa Rica" volume="106" year="2004">Kung and Brown (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="415 - 418" title="A curious new species of Megaselia from Brazil (Diptera: Phoridae)" volume="68 (1981)" year="1982">Disney (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="183 - 186" title="Two new species of Megaselia (Dipt., Phoridae) from the Falkland Islands (Malvinas), and a replacement name in the genus" volume="125" year="1989">Disney (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Giornale italiano di Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="417 - 436" title="Cave Phoridae (Diptera) of Trinidad" volume="6 (1993)" year="1995">Disney (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="59 - 92" title="New species and records of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Panama" volume="49" year="2007">Disney and Berghoff (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="1 - 58" title="New species and revisionary notes on scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with Neotropical army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" volume="49" year="2007">Disney and Rettenmeyer (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="7 - 88" title="New species and new records of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with Neotropical army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" volume="55 (1 A)" year="2010">Disney and Rettenmeyer (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="367 - 373" title="Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) whose larvae develop in flowers of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) in Panama" volume="98" year="2001">Disney and Sakai (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="115 - 132" title="Some scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) of the Galapagos Islands" volume="151" year="2008">Disney and Sinclair (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="19 - 23" title="A further new species of Phoridae (Diptera) whose larvae associate with large spiders (Araneae: Theraphosidae)" volume="29" year="1998">Disney and Weinmann (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Downie, J. R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="993 - 1003" title="A new species of Megaselia (Diptera, Phoridae) whose larvae prey upon the eggs of Leptodactylusfuscus (Anura, Leptodactylidae)" volume="29" year="1995">Downie et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez, V. H." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="73 - 79" title="A new species of Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with brood provisions of nests of Neocorynura (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)" volume="75" year="2002">Gonzalez et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wakeford, T." journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="227 - 230" title="A Cuban Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) with wing-spots" volume="25" year="1994">Wakeford and Disney (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Weinmann, D." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="319 - 328" title="Two new species of Phoridae (Diptera) whose larvae associate with large spiders (Araneae: Theraphosidae)" volume="243" year="1997">Weinmann and Disney (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Woolf, G. E." journalOrPublisher="Giornale italiano di Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="207 - 211" title="A new species of Phoridae (Diptera) from Brazil" volume="8 (1996)" year="1998">Woolf (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. This species is easily distinguished from all of these described species except
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. dicksoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="dicksoni">M. dicksoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wakeford, T." journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" pagination="227 - 230" title="A Cuban Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) with wing-spots" volume="25" year="1994">Wakeford and Disney 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) by the presence of a central wing spot. In practice,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. shadeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="shadeae">M. shadeae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is differentiated easily from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. dicksoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="dicksoni">M. dicksoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the composition of the characteristic wing spot. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. shadeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="shadeae">M. shadeae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the wing spot is pigmented wing membrane, whereas in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. dicksoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" rank="species" species="dicksoni">M. dicksoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the wing spot is composed of a patch of pigmented scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4093">
|
||||
Three genera that have been synonymized (or partially synonymized) with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaselia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that contain Neotropical fauna are
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Pericyclocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericyclocera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pericyclocera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Schmitz,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Paraphiochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraphiochaeta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraphiochaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Malloch, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Plastophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plastophora" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4093" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plastophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Brues. The species herein described is easily distinguished from species once classified in these genera by presence of the wing spot.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
71
data/11/CF/B1/11CFB14AD48081F3025693E9ED29404E.xml
Normal file
71
data/11/CF/B1/11CFB14AD48081F3025693E9ED29404E.xml
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|
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<treatment id="11CFB14AD48081F3025693E9ED29404E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11CFB14AD48081F3025693E9ED29404E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11CFB14AD48081F3025693E9ED29404E" lastPageNumber="5447" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">
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<taxonomicName id="669AD9E3D68D6D96DF5F0F11208E8110" ID-CoL="6KVT9" authority="Prout, 1958" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis (Gymnoscelis) phoenicopus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicopus" subGenus="Gymnoscelis">Gymnoscelis (Gymnoscelis) phoenicopus Prout, 1958</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
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|
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<paragraph id="0A1F001ADC2D1F6127133668427C2766" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">
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<taxonomicName id="67F875B0249EFB721425E3F92A05D443" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis (Gymnoscelis) phoenicopus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicopus" subGenus="Gymnoscelis">Gymnoscelis (Gymnoscelis) phoenicopus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2DC06B2A00A663988B26C5F64816E9D0" author="Prout, L. B." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" pagination="367 - 463" title="New species of Indo-Australian Geometridae." volume="6" year="1958">Prout 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9AE90C67DEE11FE1693CCE373E599ECD" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4497B5006033945840F655732018AA7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">Materials</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="09DA7C5216501FA49E678C8CB15D60AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F230151467BDDAE974643E441632898D" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="91D43F1E0C5CF61AF6B769C11BD61867" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: sex:
|
||||
<specimenType id="D6A91752BA7666953A85E2B1348F3D79" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">f</specimenType>
|
||||
; Record Level: ownerInstitutionCode: NHM
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="461B2C282D5819BF2940A40B9685C454" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="95A923EBBE59F5C81BDB0A8D712C50AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="10B5C05D1E94D8258461632A0D80B545" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">Type locality: [Moluccas], Ceram (central) [Seram], Manusela, 6000 ft.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="62B9D948EE1532A50C62B56C830F538A" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="973065EBAFF650916B982324F46E9183" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">Notes</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2434F237406D70EB6BBADA6F18233387" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447">
|
||||
The species is illustrated in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="14CA1CDD31D522B7CE89D7171307A66F" author="Holloway, J. D." journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="5447" pagination="1 - 242" title="The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Sterrhinae and Larentiinae" volume="51" year="1997">Holloway (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
200
data/11/CF/F1/11CFF10E5930F35BD6000C10BA2089AC.xml
Normal file
200
data/11/CF/F1/11CFF10E5930F35BD6000C10BA2089AC.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="A5AD1FEDED7B1CE8CFC17D6DECB555B7">Enigmatic distribution: first record of a hitherto New World planthopper taxon from Japan (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae, Plesiodelphacinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24EB98F5A8F33F15384B33C38C5231EA">Fujinuma, Satoshi</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="11CFF10E5930F35BD6000C10BA2089AC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127858783" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23CFB02E-DB32-474A-8D89-4894670B3692" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11CFF10E5930F35BD6000C10BA2089AC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection id="6642A14DE8EA79792B2C230D3997D223" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="18E0F961EA01BC9F573D5C0D8CAADBDD" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Delphacidae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7205E583B2EC13B0FC46F0F6F3DC9782" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="F88A45D7F7925629458ACB5CC0A454A1" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C55FFEC8080D4D9BF38AAFA321C7F808" ID-CoL="NY2Q" LSID="http://zoobank.org/23CFB02E-DB32-474A-8D89-4894670B3692" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia japonica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Burnilia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6D3C127135B0C76CDFE0AE74027A01EC" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Colour plate 1, Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DF3C7AC7F96DBB814B272DF7B864DDC6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E06BDDEDCADB175733CE4ED61C306047" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="57313A44CD58F6443816647CEF6FB590" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Slender, medium-sized delphacid species of delicate appearance with strongly pale-dark contrasting colouration of the head.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD06465EAEC7684C9597CA5C8C4FA1C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Length (from tip of head to apex of tegmina): Males (n=20): 4.0-4.4 mm (mean 4.2 mm); Females (n=20): 4.3-4.7 mm (mean 4.5 mm)</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="67241B775D7BFFAFFE63CD29ED123786" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Colouration: Ground colour pale yellow to orange. Vertex pale yellow, with a narrow transverse dark brown to blackish stripe across the posterior margin of the anterior compartment; lateral margins, posterior corners and converging anterior carinae blackish brown; transition to frons as well as dorsal part of median frontal carina blackish. Frons pale yellow, lateral margins blackish, median carina centered in a narrow black-brown stripe. Post- and anteclypeus orange, median carina of postclypeus brownish. Rostrum orange with black tip. Antennae sordid orange-brown; scape distally fringed blackish-brown; pedicel anteriorly with a broad oblique brown stripe which is distally darker. Sides of head in front and dorsally of compound eyes broadly marked black, posterior corners above compound eyes blackish; compound eyes bright red; sides otherwise pale yellow to orange; ocelli centered in a brown spot; oblique genal carina anteriorly fringed brown; lower part of genae pale yellow; lamina mandibularis (lorae) orange. Pronotum sordid pale yellow, carinae of disk and posterior margin brownish, sides behind compound eyes anteriorly brown; laterodistal part of pronotum pale yellow, anteriorly with a blackish fringe. Mesonotum and tegulae sordid orange-brown. Tegmina translucent, smokey pale yellow or light sordid brown, veins light brown. Hind wings hyaline with brown veins. Legs orange to pale yellow, distal outer margin of tibiae brown. Abdominal tergites and sternites as well as male and female genitalia, mostly orange; ovipositor and posteromedian parts of tergite IX brown, anal style in males brownish, and females blackish.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9466B3B6417A2A8443D19C59BF6C56E4" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Head and thorax: Head with large compound eyes, narrow vertex and frons; head including compound eyes about 3 times wider than vertex at base, about 0.8 times narrower than maximum width of pronotum. Vertex elongate, narrow, medially about 1.87 times longer than wide at base, distinctly projected in front of compound eyes; lateral margins subparallel, slightly converging towards apex, apex in dorsal view truncate; compartments of vertex concave, limited by faint but well recognizable carinae; basal compartments elongate, anteriorly limited by anteriorly diverging carinae; anterior compartment rhomboid, lateral carinae converging towards apex and medially continuing as median frontal carina; transition of vertex to frons in lateral view in an almost right angle, apically slightly rounded. Frons elongate, apically rather narrow, continuously widening towards frontoclypeal suture, medially about 2.1 times longer than maximally wide, widest at frontoclypeal suture, basally about 3 times wider than apically, frons medially about 1.3 times longer than post- and anteclypeus together; lateral frontal carinae ridged, very slightly convex, in parts nearly straight, diverging from apex towards base; median frontal carina distinctly ridged, frontal surface in upper part shallowly concave, in lower part almost plain or slightly convex; frontoclypeal suture almost straight. Postclypeus vaulted, median carina ridged, lower part forming a nose-like projection (best seen in lateral view). Antennal joints subcylindrical, elongate, terete; pedicel about 2.8 times longer than scape, furnished with about 16 sensory plaques, arranged in 7 groups, partly in rows. Compound eyes large, in lateral view flat kidney-shaped, mediobasal incision above antennal base distinct, ocelli well developed; oblique genal carina sharply ridged. Pronotum about 3.6 times wider than medially long, carinae of disk sharply ridged, attaining posterior margin, lateral carinae slightly convex, diverging posteriorly; surface of disk shallowly concave. Mesonotum medially about 2.6 times longer than pronotum, carinae ridged, lateral carinae very slightly concave, diverging towards and attaining the posterior margin, median carina vanishing before reaching scutellum; surface of disk nearly plane. Tegulae well developed, in dorsal view about as long as wide. Tegmina elongate and narrow, about 4.5 times longer than maximally wide, widest shortly distad of nodal line, the latter in distal third; subapical cells small and narrow, inner cell (C5) slightly longer than outer one (C1), in membrane M branched into M1 and M2. Margin of hind wing with distinct notch at A1, M distally branched. Legs slender; hind leg with tibia about 1.25 times longer than tarsal joints together, laterally furnished with 2 spines, one close to base, the other shortly below midlength, distally with 5 spines: 2 rather small ones inside, 3 increasingly longer ones towards outside; post-basitarsus about twice as long as 2nd and 3rd post-tarsal joints together, distally with 5 spines: 4 in a row, one spine positioned anteriorly out of row; 2nd post-tarsal joint distally with 4 spines: the 3 inner ones forming an oblique row, the outer one distinctly longer.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A139B52E9A2F615587EEDCE944BD1DE3" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Abdomen slightly depressed, hypopleurites subrectangular with straight outer margin. Male drumming organ with paired apodemes of the second abdominal sternite elongate, erect, slightly widening dorsally, nearly attaining tergites.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="62C542A5E17673BAE68BB6660039B379" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="6A30CB1D55177C04C6F4733A73EC1612" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
genitalia: Genital segment in lateral view trapezoidal, ventrally about 1.3 times longer than dorsally, laterodorsal corners slightly produced, caudal margin nearly straight; in ventral view medially slightly longer than wide, mediocaudal margin straight with a small central knob; in caudal view ovoid, slightly higher than wide; diaphragm narrow, median sclerotized portions lobe-like with median membranous interruption. Aedeagus relatively short, when exposed hardly surpassing tip of anal segment, in lateral view curved dorsally; central sperm-conducting tube (sheath sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F1011126079942DB474C0D396DA5D69E" author="Yang, C-T" journalOrPublisher="Shih Way Publishers, Taichung, Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" title="The external male genitalia of Hemiptera (Homoptera-Heteroptera." year="2000">Yang and Chang 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) strongly sclerotized and ending in an apical phallotreme which is fringed by a crown of grooves and exposed to the left side; no free suspensorium: base of phallotheca connecting to anal segment strongly sclerotized forming phallobase sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1E2EE19841BF3728B3F7CA4C8E91B" author="Yang, C-T" journalOrPublisher="Shih Way Publishers, Taichung, Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" title="The external male genitalia of Hemiptera (Homoptera-Heteroptera." year="2000">Yang and Chang (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, otherwise phallotheca membranous, subapically on dorsal side slightly dilated and very finely serrate, on ventral side with a stronger sclerotized patch, in one of the examined individuals subapically on right dorsal side with a small sclerotized tooth directed dorsally; dorsally, immediately below the phallotreme on the left side, with a slender, apically pointed flag-like process which is almost semicircularly curved over the dorsal towards the right side, process subapically with small teeth. Anal segment, elongate, robust, shaft in ventral view about 1.7 times longer than maximally wide, widest caudally, ventrocaudal corners projected ventrally forming ear-like lobes, slightly asymmetrical; ventral surface membranous; anal style subconical, ventral side slightly concave,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="2F583C18FBFE84B7321CF674A9FDF3A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" start="start">about</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
4 times shorter than anal segment, mostly gently curved ventrally. Genital styles distinctly shorter than anal segment, in repose not attaining dorsolateral edges of genital segment, arising from a broad base and continuously narrowing towards apex, narrowest subapically, apically dilated into a bilobate tip; the inner apical lobe shorter than the outer one, apically rounded and pointing medially; the outer lobe ventrally and dorsally pointed, in lateral view forming a wide trapezoidal tip with nearly straight caudal margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6785CA56DDD50DFB2C27374969C9C51B" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Female genitalia: as in all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9320DCAA3E259B8FF7CD779C30CDC18" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Plesiodelphacinae">Plesiodelphacinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
ditrysic with clear separation of copulation and oviposition duct (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="71DADD91E8821C8D4772A53BD3446A89" author="Asche, M" journalOrPublisher="Marburger Entomologische Publikationen" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="219 - 240" title="A new subfamily, genus and species of Delphacidae from South America: Plesiodelphacinae subfam. nov., Plesiodelphaxguayanus gen. et spec. nov. (HomopteraFulgoroidea)." volume="1" year="1985 a">Asche 1985a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A89A62596E3BA4EEA3201BD93879E975" author="Asche, M" journalOrPublisher="Marburger Entomologische Publikationen" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 912" title="Zur Phylogenie der Delphacidae Leach, 1815 (Homoptera, Cicadina, Fulgoromorpha)." volume="2" year="1985 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Ovipositor slender, compressed, slightly curved dorsally, not surpassing the lateral edges of tergite IX; at base of ovipositor a sclerotized groove into the vagina guiding and supporting the aedeagus during copulation; gonoplacs large and relatively wide, fully enclosing gonapophyses VIII and IX, gonapophysis IX dorsally in distal third finely serrate; gonocoxae VIII elongate, slightly dilated and rounded at base; tergite IX laterocaudally slightly pointed; anal segment short and depressed, about as long as wide, anal style about as long as anal segment, ventrally concave and membranous.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="AA4A20583702A9E33D83B50DDBD84EA9" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3D79FB2D58CD335E46CA69BCA75AEA64" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Colour plate 1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FE42A329948691335BB5E7B57E5BA24" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia japonica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Burnilia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. A. Adult female (27. August 2013); B. Adults approaching each other (16. July 2014); C. Adult, on a rolled leaf of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ADFFA58F74104A25EF0903B1907C076" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia intermedia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">Alpinia intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Yakushima; 20. August 2013); D. 5th instar nymph (body length ca. 2.7 mm) on potted host plant,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11D28B4F9002CDEBC0A1A32CC23C8373" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia intermedia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">Alpinia intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(13. July 2014).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="F8B4BB58D60840459AD9B77B178E3B13" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="90FE012DA787B6B7A9BC578FDEB8CA1F" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Figure 1. A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Head, left lateral view; C. Head, frontal view; scale bar 0.5 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="7980D9B654727F3D27A3632829AE11D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="55D8EDCD771EB4AA83B0A5F45A038062" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Figure 2. A. Left tegmen, venation; B. Left hind wing, venation; C. Left hind leg, ventral view; scale bars 0.5 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="06309D3AF5F5348CE9C4115DA3FFBE90" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB0A0C5E71AB0F318138BB7404E6A34B" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Figure 3. Male genitalia. A. Genital complex in left lateral view; B. Genital complex in ventral view; C. Genital segment in left lateral view; D. Genital segment in caudal view; E. Genital segment in ventral view; F. Genital segment in dorsal view; scale bar 0.1 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="8B283AA6F3DC48B50E39BB2AA22A1482" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC9EDAC2BF0F3411E6CBBAC7927B3E9A" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Figure 4. Male genitalia. A. Genital complex in left lateral view, genital segment removed; B. Aedeagus left lateral view; C. tip of aedeagus in ventral view; D. tip of aedeagus in ventral view, versusC. slightly twisted to left; E. tip of aedeagus in ventral view, another specimen, notice the short ridged spine; scale bars 0.1 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="3209E59D6119F12F6C7259A951C0CB63" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ECDF212168E5D7007B76B64060F20192" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Figure 5. Male genitalia.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9A13CF3DCD5CC000D8458CC01516E6AD" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: ♂ 1,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BE9808A172B966B2A414416A94D01696" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: ♂2. A, D. Anal segment and anal style in left lateral view; B, E. Same in ventral view; C, F. Same in dorsal view; scale bar 0.1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="D5F313B460A5D29A80D7B956D2DAF5C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BD131D82ED60045527DDFB98C6B735EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Figure 6. Male genitalia.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C86E35B3AF2AD2F3233E1973486C8099" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: ♂ 1,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7F6C18F792ED779D999D331671D0A800" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: ♂ 2. A, D. Genital styles resp. left genital style in ventral lateral view; B, E. left genital style in left lateral view; C, F. left genital style, tip in caudal view; scale bar 0.1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C0C8B08734E723F0D04B5E6011BF9879" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F45E05BEB2F74B83E3FB0C7989217C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="316CC2C9A81052B534AAF9F91982E32B" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1035A226662A1D7EB7741CE68CA0E98" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia japonica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Burnilia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. can easily be distinguished from the New World species of the genus by the colouration of the frons: median carina broadly bordered by a blackish stripe versus frons entirely devoid of colour patterns, or frons furnished by one or two transverse blackish stripes in Neotropical species. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D4ADF4A1C356F897692719C88BEBE5D" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia japonica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Burnilia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. the vertex displays a faint but distinct carination separating the two posterior from the anterior compartment; in the Neotropical species at least the median carina separating the basal compartments is strongly reduced or absent, in some species also the basal carinae limiting the anterior compartment are absent.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F5BB0EA043E87448CD0F4D0C0A9D4DB8" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia japonica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Burnilia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. is also unique by the possession of a relatively short and sturdy aedeagus (usually distinctly more slender and elongate in Neotropical species), by a flag-like semicircular subapical aedeagal process (forming a straight, slender spine in Neotropical species, if present), and by an anal segment with large ear-shaped lateroventral lobes (no such lobes are observed in the Neotropical species).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CA2D436460C1BC1D343FAF8EE2EA3D7B" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D0F37302D6167E224DE763E40669B45F" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0F7B0AF6D4A2D299903DEED00D2EFE20" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Japan: Kyushu (south-westernmost area), Yakushima Island of the Osumi Isles and Okinawa Island (northern part) of the Ryukyus, endemic.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B8FCD9F846977792FF5A14686F12A496" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="hostplant, ecology, and biology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4ECD49588B666EDA7E585A560B7DF87E" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Hostplant, ecology, and biology</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5B8AB10B8352BA6B2168B92C090B7D40" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
(see Colour plate 2). In the extent of our field investigations on Yakushima Is. south of Kyushu, the host plant is restricted to a wild perennial zingiberaceous plant,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88650C81F37241CC7A9282F936201A3E" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia intermedia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">Alpinia intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gagnep. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="755FEAABF2E29011B81A56AB27AD11F0" family="Zingiberaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: gingers) distributed in Japan and the East Orientalis growing on shady and wet forest floors of cedar afforestation or sometimes laurophyll forests. The occurrence of this
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF554C37B517C01B8DDA916BC3917411" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Burnilia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-species is usually strongly confined to narrow spots even in a same forest. Although two other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5BB03BFDF90DF270556CC516EA8271BB" family="Zingiberaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B54A78F48C15E732B59DC849D9114053" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia formosana" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">Alpinia formosana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
K.Schum. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2BC621223BDC83CE5F7077F3D3B1E34" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia zerumbet" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zerumbet">Alpinia zerumbet</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Pers.) (apparently introduced) are also found in same area, and are rather dominant at sunny forest edges or at roadsides,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8713C65CC4DC8E6BB1A02FBD364C51CE" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia japonica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Burnilia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has never been found on these plants, but exclusively on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02D08DC12910B4E6D580B0E3B44B64B5" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia intermedia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">Alpinia intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="7227265520CABB31953CAADACD1964AD" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph id="884CCD11683B9174076325DA7DB1936A" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Colour plate 2. Habitat of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C7951935EAA8F33B4F1EF152C58675E" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Burnilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burnilia japonica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Burnilia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. A. Cedar forest floor, Yakushima Island, Japan; B. same locality, undergrowth of cedar forest, ferns interspersed with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="654D98F684FAFCBB89ADCEAA5E963071" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia intermedia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">Alpinia intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FFA2AEC9D65E674C8BA687358AD16BBE" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">In the field, both nymphs and adults are found near the ground, on stems of the host plant below the level of fallen cedar leaves. Adults may appear from late July with a probable peak at mid- and late August on Yakushima Is.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0F88E61BD59A84501552A35AA12259EC" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Since late summer of 2013, M. Hayashi had been rearing several adults collected by Fujinuma, on potted ginger-lilies (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="009011901E804C631CAB781A4D39E799" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Alpinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpinia intermedia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">Alpinia intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) at his home near Tokyo. Adults were never observed to hibernate; thus it is assumed that overwintering occurs as eggs. Some nymphs were recognized in the following June, and a first adult appeared on July 5, 2014. The nymphs in every instar are wholly red, becoming vivid in last (5th) instar. On stems of the host plant, both adults and nymphs stand still with their heads directing upward and antennae fully stretching right laterally. Adults just after emerging are carmine red, gradually changing their colouration to yellowish with grey tinge. The compound eyes, however, remain brightly red with a black pseudopupil.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D3C16C82421C6E6235DADA0D4D3945E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D868091B0BF519F4905FA03F0F0B50E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="864F9FA6DFCD0D6F5C44F797688C4053" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">The specific name refers to the geographical occurrence in Japan.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BEFD5D6DE0ED08C4E4362BA3DA06280E" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E0959C5E074500169A7A14C0CB96076" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5E8B4C4C4913C59EC8106CAE224BAEC" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Holotype ♂ macropterous, Japan, Kagoshima Pref., Osumi Isles, Yakushima, Yudomari, 20.VIII.2013, S. Fujinuma (TUA). The holotype is deposited in the Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FED0FEAF70205E33958BA0D92C3BE3BA" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Paratypes: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Kyushu, Kagoshima Pref., Minami-Satsuma, Bonotsu, Akime, 17.VIII.2014, K.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4E9B9464C56F6CDBC500858A1C84EF4C" originalValue="Ôhara">Ohara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(TUA). 1 ♀, Kagoshima Pref., Makurazaki, Nishikago, 17.VIII.2014, K.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E3A26F0071AA2E925487ACD42F233F04" originalValue="Ôhara">Ohara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(TUA). 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Kagoshima Pref., Makurazaki, Hinokami, 17.VIII.2014, K.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CA5BED354CEE15DD3CB09CE9FFB5440D" originalValue="Ôhara">Ohara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(TUA). 25 ♂♂, 36 ♀♀, same data as holotype (TUA, MFNB). 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 19.VIII.2013, S. Fujinuma (TUA). 6 ♂♂, same locality, 18.VII.2014, M. Hayashi (TUA). 2 ♂♂, Yakushima, Kurio, 19.VIII.1983, Sk. Yamane (TUA). 2 ♀♀, Ryukyus, Okinawa Is., Kunigami, Benoki, S. Azuma, no collecting date (RUMF). All specimens macropterous.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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