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Tribe
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Crowson, 1952: 121 [stem: Thion-]. Type genus:
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Sharp, 1899.
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f0a1826-ba89-4ecb-adbb-275211293c87" ID-PMC="PMC7878468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1015-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" ID-PubMed="33613041" ID-ZooBank="F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1015-1" checkinTime="1612497320802" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abe, Hirokazu &amp; Sato-Okoshi, Waka" docDate="2021" docId="11AAF80590595BDB929168C8E930BDD2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1015: 1-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1015" docPubDate="2021-02-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" docTitle="Polydora glycymerica Radashevsky 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" masterDocTitle="Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149773418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<taxonomicName LSID="11AAF805-9059-5BDB-9291-68C8E930BDD2" authority="Radashevsky, 1993" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">Polydora cf. glycymerica Radashevsky, 1993</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophores between middle and lateral pair of eyes absent. Pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Two rows of ramified melanophores on chaetigers III-VI, and a median row of ramified melanophores from chaetiger VII onwards. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. A pair of black pigments occur on pygidium. Pygidium has a dorsal notch and lacks appendages. Gastrotrochs absent in 25-chaetiger larvae, probably already lost. Modified chaetae develop on chaetiger V.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
No adult individuals of this species were collected in the present study. The 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from larvae in the present study did not match any of the available
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences. However, as the larvae formed a robustly supported clade with other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
), this species was referred to as the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the larval morphology including the characteristic dorsal pigment pattern of this larvae matches that of the larvae of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. glycymerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
. Therefore, this larva was tentatively identified as
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
. However, there were slight differences between the present specimens and
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
description: the two rows of ramified melanophores continued until chaetiger VI in the present description, whereas it continues to chaetigers VII-X according to
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
; ramified melanophores between the middle and lateral pair of eyes are present in the former description while absent in the latter; larvae of
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collected in the present study were 25-chaetigers with&gt; 2.0 mm long (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
), whereas the largest larva observed by
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
was a 20-chaetiger specimen 1.8 mm long. Further studies should test whether these differences are attributable to individual or developmental variabilities or interspecific differences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The dorsal median single row of ramified melanophores is distinct in the larvae of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The larvae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hannerz" authorityYear="1956" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hermaphroditica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hermaphroditica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have a dorsal median row of ramified melanophores such as that of the larvae of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. glycymerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
). However, the first species differs from the other two by the absence of two rows of ramified melanophores on anterior chaetigers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Only one individual of planktonic larva of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
was collected in Onagawa Bay in October 2011.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora glycymerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously recorded as a shell-borer of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="G.B.Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Macridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macridiscus aequilatera" order="Venerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aequilatera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Macridiscus aequilatera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) from Oarai, Japan (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>