plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Releases Activity

added 11

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
maintenance 2024-06-21 12:29:42 +02:00
parent 75f126e54d
commit 32c0090dff
2404 changed files with 486316 additions and 0 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

310
data/11/08/2E/11082E31423A5A4FA946A5A0D96683DD.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="59958" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b283e2-bf49-4656-8668-6086b2b4e003" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-230-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" ModsDocID="1314-2003-230-1" checkinTime="1691127498364" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda, Lobo Cabezas, Silvia &amp; Romaschenko, Konstantin" docDate="2023" docId="11082E31423A5A4FA946A5A0D96683DD" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 230: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 230" docPubDate="2023-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" docTitle="Muhlenbergia distichophylla (J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 202. 1833." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1691128203638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="DF54D77736F74B17EF4B23A7C3474EAF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BC73E56B49F6197DE766C219E977CF22">
<mods:title id="2FD508C64989646349FDA8D03C52244B">Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7AEEEAEBDA85CF0D703F8D023FCB03E9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5F55836A757347FCA2D872EEB62E25C6">
<mods:roleTerm id="C112BD0EEF21647B2F8F9CB176EAC772">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E632A412328DBD19399EDE7F70F2BE4B">Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C966C08E5FFF3ADA0D3FE96B303BF2BF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-5528</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="24BEDE476677AD38A2066010F309CBF9">Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0C7A982F5BB31350302D2CD79090769" type="email">peterson@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9392367A58ABEA2D86C313663B76B3E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2276BF9F60B24D171CB6AA3FAAB78C3E">
<mods:roleTerm id="E890A4BC0C64C76B787D9981633DB99D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5B50FBA4FCB3DADD8F3404D2089119EF">Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C59AD1171D4EDF98ADBEC68A9AD5833B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6518</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B9468EE41DFD7EC46A9A7577A82920B9">Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad-Durango-COFAA, Durango, C. P. 34220, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C604DA8F7C1F9F5DD8D3E0A1B0B5F2E9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4BFFA5F6E49BEFC4AD0790A6714DB014">
<mods:roleTerm id="FFAE19BFA7EC6E8378A370918DEEBEF4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1BB67788D30A5529BAC85A5C428AC966">Lobo Cabezas, Silvia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4CDB10244167904A4976E56455DE7165" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8100-2559</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1B46F05CA53D7FF080FB7F8C874E06BC">Herbario Nacional, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Apartado Postal 749 - 1000, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F3BAF50514E31411BAB48BE115FAB819" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FA6D8D5E24EB78EBC7A9FBE6CC939E85">
<mods:roleTerm id="80A19101F8336F368E959AEB32A02E5E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4D4034E7F8391CA878500D0B21270D54">Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E7FF593F1957993C08C855C2FE0C0915" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-4193</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BDDC2020A7B2BE1BDDE394224E7FEE9D">Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="44FDFB4A9B06C33E510B852C26554E57">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3D3B258D589A090D233946CF3727CD85" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C9DBCA849C05039BEEB8C881E78781A0">
<mods:title id="684FF5B4F88D9D4C94FC5092E7BFF6A6">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B6F8C04806508EED82487F952EC9ED7B">
<mods:date id="96411AF2D7771BA66BFD4588279093E3">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6D94FFAEC322573F21C74E921B9DF3B4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="44F2CD6DECDF9DA02509878E95B69B3D">2023-08-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F3450DEA30C32A8CFD3E7CA98C300D0F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D8A4EC294585D0F7AB287ECE9FD759A4">230</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="7B20305FF734A97E300EAEB2A1C2617F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E3DFAC4C56592FDED95746A9DF76A2D9">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C991A14698ADAF72E446BEA66A1F21E6">106</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="6C86CF7431B90F0D18B1B006AAD6EF4A">
<mods:url id="87F28C025AEC04C52CE3B1071B2C0C54">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E3247244DC167A822012BA0EE674F0F9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DCC802196657745A3C0E09248D8AC3CE" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C166C4063CDB1A171A25E23E640E685E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-230-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DDC159CB37FD9D70DA46FD45E34BE49B" type="Pensoft-UUID">365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="11082E31423A5A4FA946A5A0D96683DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11082E31423A5A4FA946A5A0D96683DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11082E31423A5A4FA946A5A0D96683DD" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="78E3C4ABF3ED2A9D41F030733D47E1EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="822C7A82DC8AEC1066792FBBCE73C5E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
7.
<taxonomicName id="E5B245E11605EC717D0BE35EA5079732" ID-CoL="44JGB" ID-ENA="946626" LSID="11082E31-423A-5A4F-A946-A5A0D96683DD" authority="(J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 202. 1833." authorityName="(J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 202. 1833." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia distichophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichophylla">Muhlenbergia distichophylla (J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 202. 1833.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="169C9AD39B7AD21A37E803D878058FF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="D6D0B1BCC8AD4BB21221DEC79D497A7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="E02D522D29745472FE0AA563FAF49B72" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A-E Muhlenbergia macroura (Kunth) Hitchc. A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E stamens, pistil, and lodicules F-I Muhlenbergia distichophylla (J. Presl) Kunth F ligule G glumes H floret I stamens pistil, and lodicules. A-E drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 5970 (US) F-I drawn from L. O. Williams, A. Molina R. &amp; T. P. Williams 22309 (US) and F. W. Gould 12666 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7F-I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="066670E220052262F895BF3BDED9D621" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A048C0DC42D858D63052A4101376C85B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="690471357E5C5D7C7E41018FDF574B1C" authorityName="J.Presl" authorityYear="1830" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum distichophyllum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichophyllum">Podosemum distichophyllum</taxonomicName>
J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4-5): 231. 1830. Type:
<normalizedToken id="98D983BE85F8F7093DD214ED2FCB77D0" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, 1831,
<emphasis id="8D8121D5F8BFCF41736516A08028C12D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T.P.X. Haenke</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype: PRC-450429 [image!]; isotypes: MO-1837831!, US-90711 fragm ex PR!, W-0002571!). ≡
<taxonomicName id="B5872C45CFEBBDBC798990EE688E835B" authorityName="M.E.Jones" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="J.Presl" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Epicampes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Epicampes stricta subsp. var. var. distichophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="stricta" subSpecies="var." variety="distichophylla">Epicampes stricta var. distichophylla</taxonomicName>
(J. Presl) M.E. Jones, Contr.W. Bot. 14: 6. 1912. Basionym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87A183702BD003A15017F48B622D69BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="C03704A316E4775F82DED22837FDDF05" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia angustifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">= Muhlenbergia angustifolia</taxonomicName>
Swallen, N. Amer. Fl. 17(6): 457. 1935. Type:
<normalizedToken id="6CDE50C5551D6BF0539ED1476C42A86A" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, near Guadalajara, on rocky hills, 11 Nov 1889,
<emphasis id="24AC6B9175F99D0D6DF2D0472C17FB40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.G. Pringle 2346</emphasis>
(holotype: US-822822!; isotypes: BR-0000006863357 [image!], BR-0000006884116 [image!], CM-2819 [image!], KFTA-0002830 [image!], LE!, MEXU-00005188 [image!], MO-1837815!, UC-122455 [image!], US-995828!, US-3274342!, W-18900000582 [image!], W-19160027683 [image!]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F32B59BD02928728AF6CFD9EFF442E75" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="726CEA18D7E92FF5FE27A2CF83731C9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5A12A3EA888A9CFACD599E089BA939A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Caespitose
<emphasis id="A571684193074F8D16357FEB2D27C278" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F650C7F0BE94097793144C28A200B145" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">perennials</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="8F086B1582DA321E5DE84F4BC41EFAD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culms</emphasis>
</emphasis>
100-180 cm tall, erect, glabrous to pubescent below the nodes;
<emphasis id="442224F8E906CF4A096377C213BA4DCC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">internodes</emphasis>
glabrous.
<emphasis id="0378AD6FAA2298413D59AEB421F9F3CB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
8-42 cm long, longer than basal internodes, glabrous, the keels prominent, sometimes coiled to shredded below, basal sheaths compressed-keeled;
<emphasis id="AFEBD492878C34135D7048CD076F8857" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sheath auricles</emphasis>
6-26 mm long, on lower portions and to 6.4 cm above, apex acuminate;
<emphasis id="10FD8BD89DC03AA401C01EDA31F91BFA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligules</emphasis>
4-15 mm long, membranous, apex finely lacerate sometimes almost to the base;
<emphasis id="26CAE4E44EAA20FD77EEBAFFB67E2F73" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">blades</emphasis>
18-90 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, flat or folded, scaberulous to scabrous on both sides, the margins and keel saw-toothed.
<emphasis id="D39D5F64F847B6C3274B8F32BA25E537" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Panicles</emphasis>
35-70 cm long, 4-15 cm wide, densely-flowered, oblong, sometimes lax near apex, greenish-brown, sometimes reddish-purple;
<emphasis id="6787A3CEE0613537823002DACDD8D8B7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">primary branches</emphasis>
2-15 cm long, without spikelets near the base, appressed to loosely spreading up to 60° from the rachises;
<emphasis id="72E3AC05C25E48B539816894791F946D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pedicels</emphasis>
0.2-4 mm long, glabrous to scaberulous.
<emphasis id="84CF9ADEAC20BDBCA7722D1D7152DFA7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spikelets</emphasis>
1.5-2.8(-3) mm long, erect, greenish-brown, to reddish-purple;
<emphasis id="BA97C38B16FABA78A677D05B3A185D1D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">glumes</emphasis>
1.2-2.8 mm long, longer, as long or a little shorter than the lemma, subequal, oblong to narrowly-oblong, faintly 1-veined, hyaline, glabrous to scaberulous, usually with faint, widely scattered hairs, the hairs less than 0.1 mm long, apex acute to acuminate;
<emphasis id="451BA1ED69BCADCB4969798E2C433346" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">upper glumes</emphasis>
rarely mucronate, the mucro to 0.4 mm long;
<emphasis id="4920C4C350D05CE429E037A61FF2B774" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lemmas</emphasis>
1.4-2.7 mm long, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, awned, glabrous or sometimes the margins on the lower 1/3 pubescent, the hairs to 0.2 mm long, rarely the lower 1/3 with scattered hairs, apex acute, minutely bifid, the teeth to 0.5 mm long, the awn 4-16 mm long, flexuous, often reddish-purple near base;
<emphasis id="BF9DEAC5996BB85141C53EB9371B54AE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">callus</emphasis>
usually short pilose;
<emphasis id="3AF4D39D7CD4619C8510B39E85542758" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">paleas</emphasis>
1.3-2.7 mm long, glabrous or with few hairs between the veins on the lower 1/3, apex acute;
<emphasis id="B62785C388BE0A63B0C0D6AF91FF0698" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">anthers</emphasis>
1.2-1.5 mm long, yellowish, sometimes reddish tinged.
<emphasis id="D2FD0A4891B3160004099EB0F1C5F47F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryopses</emphasis>
not seen.
</paragraph>
<caption id="42998B95174A8DF35B825AA95AF73415" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="2C19DF765C9A26AAD8A914CF74622DF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="A009A35CEC4A7F204F8602D8A3CA537C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="613C64D22D81631B56522A180EC26F75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3A8FF974DC69183A55B3AD1DDAC03A74" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia macroura" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macroura">
<emphasis id="BA47B742A03561D8866AC481919F6388" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia macroura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Hitchc.
<emphasis id="1FE50F04D90B80198714B0FBB291B65D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="8C57066977DB407D5A48ABF029983ECF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
ligule
<emphasis id="DB3914D8B2EF68EBC5CCC897B51F4715" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
glumes
<emphasis id="3D8975C89DF85F6C1832A0F031293B16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
floret
<emphasis id="907293B39FDDF386AA6AB60424331F7A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
stamens, pistil, and lodicules
<emphasis id="99C5B0E8B51E2EA152890FE93B2B4220" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AE53D16CCD901E87142530391CF4370" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia distichophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichophylla">
<emphasis id="09149D94FDFB53A3A9FD662C254884D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia distichophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J. Presl) Kunth
<emphasis id="A132CCA628B1A6168C93485523E80FE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
ligule
<emphasis id="161B55DFAEDED9A074C135CD62E5692B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
glumes
<emphasis id="A439F1FAD39EE58F8FD16F3A2C8F369A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
floret
<emphasis id="2A55147261DB57B7CEBF3D3BE38C1ED4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
stamens pistil, and lodicules.
<emphasis id="F5F9C19A490E61EEBB799BA3F8F19840" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
drawn from
<emphasis id="3025792D54CC330DE80291B1EB5B7E36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.M. Peterson &amp; C.R. Annable 5970</emphasis>
(US)
<emphasis id="071AC8B1F926ADFBCBB642957B322662" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-I</emphasis>
drawn from
<emphasis id="DB15862B04CA1526892CDEFEBA9641EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L.O. Williams</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="C72B662A6F1DDD301E8A36BA18EAF62E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Molina R. &amp; T.P. Williams 22309</emphasis>
(US) and
<emphasis id="1ABB5A2D45D8BDA63156C7A3EB0B8137" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.W. Gould 12666</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB0AE6D5F2CF4317FE02CD603A886E1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F0076B8BAFE799D3F2C803BED784D5FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D25227660471052D24A1839BC20D6A5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The species ranges from central
<normalizedToken id="3AA4111C82A53121940E305004F6C145" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
in Jalisco, Guerrero,
<normalizedToken id="A24C2EB74C8CB43F0F6F54FAD9F0A57F" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Oaxaca, and Chiapas to Guatemala (
<bibRefCitation id="6BFFA18B94697B151C5660A8010B0DE1" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 255" refId="B34" refString="Peterson, PM, Soreng, RJ, Davidse, G, Filgueiras, TS, Zuloaga, FO, Judziewicz, EJ, 2001. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): II. subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 1 - 255" title="Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): II. subfamily Chloridoideae." volume="41" year="2001">Peterson et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0AEFD5C5F4D28477101748FE61D90FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="1CF3AD17C9853582447E12298F01BFB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E028E7CF709E0279FDA031DE2E5E4EE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="616EC91E6F743A8711EDCF338E333680" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia distichophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichophylla">
<emphasis id="6F2541DCD7CD2F678B2E065A470C5E40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia distichophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in open pine-oak forests and tropical deciduous forests on rocky slopes, canyons, and ravines; 400-2000 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="521FA4F98AF5D23F94E7E466A1B35D0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph id="E866CA7FA22E55DE4E78F6381961751F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB5F83F68103D100F919F9C52FE22472" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species can be separated from other members of
<taxonomicName id="1A39774C1FBBC62A24447985632C8DE8" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. (Trichochloa) subsp. subg." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichochloa">M. subg. Trichochloa</taxonomicName>
in having long, acuminate sheath auricles up to 6.4 cm long on the culm, usually greater than 2 cm long on the lower innovations (Herrera Arrieta and Peterson 2018).
<taxonomicName id="3A07AEB699D572268E24AABEF362693A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia distichophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichophylla">
<emphasis id="5E96F7DEB6261770D73010757392836D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia distichophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of
<taxonomicName id="5BB84DE1F65842ACB6A4E7634E2D986D" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. (Trichochloa) subsp. subg." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichochloa">M. subg. Trichochloa</taxonomicName>
, has been found in an unsupported clade with nine other species, distributed in North America (Eastern USA, western USA,
<normalizedToken id="7C7EC2AF5A766E8CC64583412EC9360A" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
) and Central America [
<taxonomicName id="B44A82B14BD82C0333878B176EA03D02" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. lindheimeri" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lindheimeri">
<emphasis id="F284A21D501276D9A541F6CD667F793D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. lindheimeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hitchc.,
<taxonomicName id="69F26D251DF1792DC57E32946410ED2E" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. setifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="setifolia">
<emphasis id="A08AEC9AB4F7EADFF3EB2759916F570B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. setifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vasey,
<taxonomicName id="EFCF19CC5C71FEE918CCC6B219ABAA62" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. dubia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="F87175C420002882B6D483154A67AFF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
E. Fourn.,
<taxonomicName id="2998602A3C0FD36ACA9A1FEC2E98C914" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. gypsophila" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gypsophila">
<emphasis id="9761908B61F7B85667872FB98D6C8819" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. gypsophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reeder &amp; C. Reeder,
<taxonomicName id="5F117E1BFEF6EE09F33C68E303BF44F8" family="Poaceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="176B0D86B2F5AEB053EEB1EBC63793A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
x
<taxonomicName id="7EF7E71488D599985A62F97F5452D1E4" authorityName="Swallen" authorityYear="1932" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia involuta" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="involuta">
<emphasis id="8787682207C131DDC49702C5A930D79F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia involuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Swallen,
<taxonomicName id="AD2BA68032B54FBD72B1B6BC242F1964" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. reverchonii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="reverchonii">
<emphasis id="2A2384F68CE9114A50EFFDBCED46A83F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. reverchonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vasey &amp; Scribn.,
<taxonomicName id="4355021FB96A206284287899DD4114F2" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. sericia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sericia">
<emphasis id="1DECBBA9269CF417A02243C28E210C9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. sericia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Michx.) P.M. Peterson,
<taxonomicName id="8B5634788500E456089F1404251D31B6" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. expansa" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="expansa">
<emphasis id="651D249A8C3FE17C57D76CCB5ACC5182" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. expansa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Poir.) Trin. and
<taxonomicName id="DB0C8C60472D6FE3FC82D4207789FE43" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. capillaris" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="capillaris">
<emphasis id="065C141CEACE5797C20D591A8989FBB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. capillaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B1E6294F47133A1E5AE70C41C3AFAFF5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in bold occur in Central America; Scale bar: 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887869" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F4BDB61FAAD3E5BF9BDAF38C13A27AAA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="621 - 629" refId="B41" refString="Peterson, PM, Roquet, C, Romaschenko, K, Herrera Arrieta, Y, Susanna, A, 2021. A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 60 (3): 621 - 629, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" title="A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" volume="60" year="2021">Peterson et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFE8F23A323355937F6EE4E1774AC7C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7049941F8D69AB9125CE10AB0A95F43F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43B3760C84E802130B763126267F6B9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry id="FD3F91D7FB777D85F2ECF0CF1479BBB2" name="Guatemala">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="E47C3D9448726B006C59DE9F7DECD98C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion id="380479A33ECAB812DB603D57C52CA242" country="Guatemala" name="Escuintla">Escuintla</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Rio Coyolate, near Highway CA-2, thickets on banks of
<normalizedToken id="758F9F0BAFC6ACBEFA5037F106D706B2" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Coyolate,
<emphasis id="C05A36339CE98230DA4FE4931B887D39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.E. Harrmon &amp; J.A. Fuentes 4721</emphasis>
(MO).
<emphasis id="4C57503CBBAD681EB91AFD3244F954A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion id="69C055F5DBF97A047C2881E77F68AA50" country="Guatemala" name="Huehuetenango">Huehuetenango</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: On dry bank about
<quantity id="45D468BCF3B39C6CB6F776E8D1C30ABC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
. west of Huehuetenango,
<emphasis id="A2A53FC0936AAE749183C701B9018E97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L.O. Williams</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="DA9AC9525FA8BC0E1462BEAE1771322B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Molina R. &amp; T.P. Williams 22309</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="8EC362D090A4E8F8DAE965D986DEA1F6" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,
<emphasis id="762464CE398572753593853F82FA329E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.C. Standley 81480</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="7DE044554DA67804B9E0CB5C2F8AEB46" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
).
<collectingCountry id="6052411F7F93A87820BB11599461D201" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="8371808159556AFBFE25C138B645372A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion id="33FB6E1E8A9E8C1C42271964FB122760" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Escuintla,
<emphasis id="7CAFD94F3E35F5ED94567762D6E03628" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Matuda 319</emphasis>
(MEXU); Monte Ovando,
<emphasis id="830C8EC5D5AA22927F16CE4C49DBA37C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Matuda 322</emphasis>
(MO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

164
data/11/08/58/1108587303F93573AC20E270090AA5CB.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6148998" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6affba17-3426-4e27-a748-9cd10354755f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125135994" ID-HNS-Pub="23935" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6148998" checkinTime="1373615615444" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Rakotonirina, J. C. &amp; B. L. Fisher" docDate="2013" docId="1108587303F93573AC20E270090AA5CB" docLanguage="en" docName="23935.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3609" docSource="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03609p141.pdf" docTitle="Pachycondyla comorensis Andre" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="5679C623FFAA953362406858520B421A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Pachycondyla wasmannii - group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Malagasy region" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="101" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1645220785609" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the Pachycondyla wasmannii - group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Malagasy region</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rakotonirina, J. C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>B. L. Fisher</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3609</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>101</mods:start>
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03609p141.pdf</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="HNS-Pub">23935</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A8B7BD9C-7959-4036-8D76-9BE72D0F07AA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6148998" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125135994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6148998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1108587303F93573AC20E270090AA5CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1108587303F93573AC20E270090AA5CB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph box="[118,446,820,840]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName authority="Andre" authorityName="Andre" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">
Pachycondyla comorensis (
<normalizedToken originalValue="André" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Andre</normalizedToken>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="description">
<paragraph box="[118,334,848,867]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">(Figures 1, 4, 38-39, 59)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph box="[118,1122,901,1037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName authority="Andre, 1887" authorityName="Andre," authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">
Ponera comorensis
<bibRefCitation author="Andre, E." box="[118,1097,506,523]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="38" pageNumber="139" pagination="280 - 298" part="6" title="Description de quelques fourmis nouvelles ou imparfaitement connues" type="journal article" year="1887">
<normalizedToken originalValue="André" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Andre</normalizedToken>
, 1887
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 292. Lectotype worker, present designation, Antsiranana, Nosy Be (Ernest
<normalizedToken originalValue="André" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Andre</normalizedToken>
1914) AntWeb specimen code: CASENT0101406 (MNHN) [examined]. Paralectotype workers with the same data but pins coded as CASENT0101407 (MNHN) and CASENT0102011 (MSNG) [examined]. [Combination in
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothroponera</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A." box="[118,1122,502,543]" editor="Grandidier, A." journalOrPublisher="Hachette et Cie, Paris" pageId="39" pageNumber="140" pagination="v + 237 pp" title="Les Formicides. [part]" type="book" volumeTitle="1891. Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie (28 e fascicule)" year="1891">Forel, 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 129, pl. 4, fig. 5;
<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, K. W." box="[118,1121,1273,1314]" journalOrPublisher="Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="38" pageNumber="139" pagination="289 pp" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum Hucusque Descriptorum Systematicus et Synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). W" type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 36; Combination in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bothroponera">Pachycondyla (Bothroponera)</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Emery, C." box="[118,1122,1464,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="38" pageNumber="139" pagination="32 - 54" part="45" title="Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponerines (Famille des Formicides)" type="journal article" year="1901">Emery, 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 45,
<bibRefCitation author="Forel. A" box="[118,1122,741,782]" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg" pageId="39" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 20" part="24" title="Formiciden aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg. II. Teil. Neueingaenge seit 1900" type="journal article" year="1907">Forel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 14,
<bibRefCitation author="Emery, C." box="[118,938,1512,1530]" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="38" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 125" part="118" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae" type="journal article" year="1911">Emery 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 78; Combination in
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothroponera</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[118,1122,1005,1046]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="141" pagination="1005 - 1055" part="45" title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. IX. A synonymic list of the ants of the Malagasy region" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 1007; Combination in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B." box="[118,1122,913,954]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="38" pageNumber="139" pagination="504 pp" title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World" type="book" year="1995">Bolton, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 304].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph box="[118,290,1071,1090]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">Worker diagnosis:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,1100,1203]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">Larger species (HW: 2.49-3.13 mm), antennal scape extending beyond the rear cephalic border; anterior margin of clypeus truncate; eyes not breaking the outline of the sides of head; dorsum of head and mesosoma finely striate, with sparse punctures; stout erect hairs on dorsum of head and the rest of body much more inclined to the body surface.</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,1212,1259]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">Worker measurements (n=10): HL: 2.94-3.49, HW: 2.49-3.13, CI: 85-92, SL: 2.47-2.95, SI: 94-99, PW: 1.95-2.30, WL: 4.13-4.98, NL: 1.34-1.62, NW: 1.45-1.67, NH: 1.64-1.94, DNI: 99-115, LNI: 110-126.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="description">
<paragraph box="[118,233,1295,1314]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,1323,1585][118,1121,1353,1588][118,1121,118,273]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="mainText">
Worker. Head roughly as long as broad, broadest behind eyes on posterior third; sides very slightly convex but converging near base of mandibles; posterior margin weakly emarginate medially. Eyes moderately large, located more to the front and not breaking outline of sides of head. Antennal scape relatively long and extending beyond posterior cephalic margin. Anterior margin of clypeus truncate, not projecting into lobe, but rather straight or feebly notched medially; with head in profile, median portion perpendicular to mandibular surface. Mandibles triangular, apical margins bearing eight to nine teeth and denticles. With mesosoma in profile, outline of dorsum almost continuously convex, without distinct angle between propodeal dorsum and declivity, lateral margins of the latter also generally indiscernable. Mesopleural sulcus visible but incomplete. With petiole in dorsal view, anterior margin rounded and posterior margin straight. In profile, petiole nodiform, with rounded anterodorsal portion and distinct angle in the posterodorsal margin.
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="121" start="start">Mandibles</pageBreakToken>
costate or sometimes smooth with effaced fine striation, and with scattered punctures from which hairs arise. Dorsum of head densely striate and superimposed with piliferous punctures from level of eyes and frontal lobes; striation radiating towards occipital corners on each side of midline of head. Dorsal sculpture of pronotum variable, either densely finely costulate or smooth and shiny with trace of striation between sparse punctures, mesonotal and propodeal dorsum with transverse, dense, and fine striation or microreticulation which becomes fairly effaced on some specimens. Lateral portion of mesosoma characterized by a mixture of fine and dense striation and
<normalizedToken originalValue="reticulate–rugulation" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">reticulate-rugulation</normalizedToken>
. Declivitous surface transversely finely striate or almost smooth. Lateral portion of petiole node and first two gastral segments microreticulate to densely finely striate, with scattered large punctures which turn into a smooth and shiny surface on dorsum. Upper surface of body with suberect or appressed
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="122" start="start">black</pageBreakToken>
, stout hairs, which are shorter on the dorsum of the head and become yellowish brown to brown on appendages; with mesosoma in frontal view, these hairs inclined towards the midline of the mesosoma dorsum, suberect along the dorsolateral margin and much more appressed near the midline. Slender brownish hairs present on ventral surface of head, gaster, and coxae. Body covered with abundant pubescence except head, dorsum of propodeum, petiole node, and third and anterior half of fourth abdominal segments. Coloration is black with reddish articulations and apices of appendages.
</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1122,1244,1315]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1122,1244,1315]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="caption">
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="121">FIGURES</pageBreakToken>
36-41. Full-face view of the head and lateral view of the body of the worker caste. Figs 36-37: Form 7 of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambouei">Pachycondyla cambouei</taxonomicName>
, AntWeb CASENT0034493; Figs 38-39:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">Pachycondyla comorensis</taxonomicName>
, CASENT0410164; FigsFigs 40-41:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoala">Pachycondyla masoala</taxonomicName>
, CASENT0317384.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[155,565,281,300]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="heading">
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="122">The</pageBreakToken>
queen caste is unknown for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">P. comorensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="discussion">
<paragraph box="[118,224,335,353]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="mainText">Discussion:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,362,652]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">Pachycondyla comorensis</taxonomicName>
can be easily confused with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavaratra">P. tavaratra</taxonomicName>
at first glance. Yet the shape of the anterior clypeal margin, the location of the eyes, and the standing degrees of pilosity on the dorsum of the body allow the separation of these two species.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">Pachycondyla comorensis</taxonomicName>
has a truncated anterior clypeal margin, eyes that do not break the outline of the sides of the head, and subdecumbent to decumbent stout hairs on the dorsum of the body. The morphological similarity of these two species could be attributed to their adaptation to different ecological habitats in northern Madagascar.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">Pachycondyla comorensis</taxonomicName>
generally inhabits dry forest and lowland rainforest habitats, whereas
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavaratra">P. tavaratra</taxonomicName>
occupies montane rainforests. Data from different collecting events over several years suggest that these large species may not have a morphologically typical queen caste as do other species within the genus, but reproduce through one or more ergatoid or gamergates in the same colony. The absence of alate queens reduces the spatial connection between geographically distant populations because dispersal must occur by budding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="distribution">
<paragraph box="[118,353,687,705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="mainText">Distribution and biology:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,714,842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">Pachycondyla comorensis</taxonomicName>
is known only from Madagascar, where it generally occupies dry and lowland humid forests and the coastal region in the north of the island (Fig. 59). Despite its name,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comorensis">P. comorensis</taxonomicName>
is not known from the Comoros. This is one of two species with longer antennal scapes which are probably used to forage on the soil surface and in leaf litter. Colonies have been found frequently in the ground, in rotten logs, under stones, rarely in dead twigs and rotten sticks on the ground, and under layers of roots and litter on rock.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph box="[118,361,877,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="mainText">Other material examined:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,904,1573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="mainText">
MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: [Nd. Madagascar, Amber Gebirge Nd. Madagascar H. Rolle, Berlin, S.W.11.] (MHNG); [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nossi-bé" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Nossi-be</normalizedToken>
; Museum Paris Collection, Ernest
<normalizedToken originalValue="André" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Andre</normalizedToken>
1914] (MNHN); [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nossi-bé" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Nossi-be</normalizedToken>
] (MSNG); F Lokobe, Nossi-Be Island (E.S. Ross) (MCZC); Nossi-Be (G.B. King) (MCZC); Nosy Be, 4 km ESE Andoany (=Hellville), - 13.41667, 48.3, 200 m, rainforest (P.S. Ward) (MCZC); Nosy Be, Lokobe Forest, -13.41639, 48.30722, 20 m, lowland forest (G.D. Alpert) (MCZC); Nosy Be: RNI Lokobe, 6.3 km 112° ESE Hellville, -13.41933, 48.33117, 30 m, rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Nosy Be: 4 km ESE Andoany (=Hellville), -13.41667, 48.3, 200 m, rainforest (P.S. Ward) (PSWC); NE, 80 km N Ambilobe; no. 2103 (J.M. Wilson) (BMNH); 5 km S Sambava, - 14.65, 50.16667, coastal forest and vanilla (W.L. &amp; D.E. Brown) (MCZC); ridge behind Sambava, second growth forest (W.L. &amp; D.E. Brown) (MCZC); Ampasindava, F d'Ambilanivy, 3.9 km 181° S Ambaliha, -13.79861, 48.16167, 600 m, rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); F Ambato, 26.6 km 33° Ambanja, -13.4645, 48.55167, 150 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CASC); F d' Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275° W Daraina, -13.21167, 49.55667, 550 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) (CASC); F d'Ampombofofo, -12.09949, 49.33874, 25 m, littoral forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); F d'Ampondrabe, 26.3 km 10° NNE Daraina, -12.97, 49.7, 175 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); F d'Analabe, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina, -13.08333, 49.90833, 30 m, littoral rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); F de Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, -13.16667, 49.71, 150 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); F de Binara, 7.5 km 230° SW Daraina, -13.255, 49.61667, 375 m, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); RS Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229° SW Antanambao, -13.96167, 48.43333, 400 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CASC); RS Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228° SW Antanambao, -13.97667, 48.42333, 780 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CASC); RS Ankarana, 7 km SE Matsaborimanga, -12.9, 49.11667, 150 m, rainforest (P.S. Ward) (PSWC); RS Ankarana, -12.90056, 49.14722, 150 m (G.D. Alpert) (MCZC); RS Ankarana, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, -12.86361, 49.22583, 210 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); RS Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, -12.90889, 49.10983, 80 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); RS Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, -12.46889, 49.24217, 325 m, tropical dry forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Makirovana Forest, -14.103, 50.0198, 390 m; -14.1707, 49.9541, 415 m; -14.1604, 49.9522, 550 m, rainforest (Fisher et al.) (CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

145
data/11/08/78/1108780F8C7151F97E312FB3E127BEB8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1858994c-378e-4e6e-bec9-ee565e3b3be1" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-88-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-88-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 88" ModsDocTitle="Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)" checkinTime="1451250740194" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bouchard, Patrice, Bousquet, Yves, Davies, Anthony E., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A., Lawrence, John F., Lyal, Chris H. C., Newton, Alfred F., Reid, Chris A. M., Schmitt, Michael, Ślipinski, S. Adam &amp; Smith, Andrew B. T." docDate="2011" docId="1108780F8C7151F97E312FB3E127BEB8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 88: 1-972" docOrigin="ZooKeys 88" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" docTitle="Monachulina Leng 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="235" masterDocId="FFC1FFDA4E1CE6158E11FFCD0115FF8E" masterDocTitle="Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)" masterLastPageNumber="972" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="235" updateTime="1661732154594" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bouchard, Patrice</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Davies, Anthony E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lawrence, John F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lyal, Chris H. C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Newton, Alfred F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reid, Chris A. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schmitt, Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ślipinski, S. Adam</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Andrew B. T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>88</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>972</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-88-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159364660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1108780F8C7151F97E312FB3E127BEB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1108780F8C7151F97E312FB3E127BEB8" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="234" pageNumber="235">
<subSubSection pageId="234" pageNumber="235" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="234" pageNumber="235">
Subtribe
<taxonomicName authority="Leng, 1920" authorityName="Leng" authorityYear="1920" lsidName="Monachulina" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Monachulina">Monachulina Leng, 1920</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="234" pageNumber="235" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="234" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName genus="Monachiden" lsidName="Monachiden" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" rank="genus">*Monachiden</taxonomicName>
Suffrian, 1863: 79 [stem: Monach-]. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachus" order="Carnivora" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monachus</taxonomicName>
Chevrolat, 1836 [preoccupied genus name, not
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachus" order="Carnivora" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monachus</taxonomicName>
Fleming, 1822 [Mammalia], not
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachus" order="Carnivora" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monachus</taxonomicName>
Kaup, 1829 [Aves]; syn. of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lexiphanes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lexiphanes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lexiphanes</taxonomicName>
Gistel, 1848]. Comment: original vernacular name unavailable (Art. 11.7.2): subsequently used in latinized form but not generally attributed to Suffrian (1863).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="234" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName genus="Monachites" lsidName="Monachites" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" rank="genus">Monachites</taxonomicName>
Chapuis, 1874: 172 [stem: Monach-]. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachus" order="Carnivora" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monachus</taxonomicName>
Chevrolat, 1836 [preoccupied genus name, not
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachus" order="Carnivora" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monachus</taxonomicName>
Fleming, 1822 [Mammalia], not
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachus" order="Carnivora" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monachus</taxonomicName>
Kaup, 1829 [Aves]; syn. of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lexiphanes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lexiphanes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lexiphanes</taxonomicName>
Gistel, 1848]. Comment: original vernacular name available (Art. 11.7.2): first used in latinized form by J. L. LeConte and G. H. Horn (1883: 342, as
<taxonomicName genus="Monachi" lsidName="Monachi" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" rank="genus">Monachi</taxonomicName>
), generally accepted as in Liu (1935: 286, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
); permanently invalid (Art. 39): based on preoccupied type genus;
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
Trouessart, 1897 (type genus
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachus" order="Carnivora" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monachus</taxonomicName>
Fleming, 1822) is available in Mammalia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="234" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachulini">Monachulini</taxonomicName>
Leng, 1920: 290 [stem: Monachul-]. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monachulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monachulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monachulus</taxonomicName>
Leng, 1918 [syn. of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lexiphanes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lexiphanes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="234" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lexiphanes</taxonomicName>
Gistel, 1848].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>