From 31fc3ec735b8f1f54b90190fd2e86320b981965a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2025 10:14:36 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-03-14 10:08:32 --- .../03/A86E032DFFD1FF94FF65FCD95D98F887.xml | 1100 +++++++++++++++++ .../03/A86E032DFFDAFF95FF65FCD958FFFC3E.xml | 168 +++ 2 files changed, 1268 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFD1FF94FF65FCD95D98F887.xml create mode 100644 data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFDAFF95FF65FCD958FFFC3E.xml diff --git a/data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFD1FF94FF65FCD95D98F887.xml b/data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFD1FF94FF65FCD95D98F887.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac8dbdd6763 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFD1FF94FF65FCD95D98F887.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1100 @@ + + + +First confirmed record of adult Pacific squaretail, Tetragonurus pacificus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Stromateoidei) from the Indian Ocean, with an expanded description + + + +Author + +Aluwihare, Yasmin C. +0009-0001-2844-0484 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. +yasminaluwihare@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Fernando, Sara +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. & Department of Chemical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB 8 3 PH, UK. + + + +Author + +Gunasinghe, Malsha S. +0000-0003-1669-1742 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. +malshagunasinghe112@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ranasinghe, Cherika +0009-0007-9095-7816 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. +ranasinghecherika97@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ranjula, M. A. S. +0000-0002-2934-294X +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. +shalankaranjula@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Weerakoon, Thiranya + + + +Author + +Haputhantri, Sujeewa S. K. +0000-0002-3516-8642 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. +sisirahaputhantri@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Jayasinghe, Prabath K. +0000-0001-6177-5465 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. +prabath_jayasinghe@yahoo.com + + + +Author + +Lisher, Mark W. +Iziko Museums of South Africa, Collections & Digitization Department, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa. + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. & National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-03-12 + + +5604 + + +1 + + +41 +51 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.1.4 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5604.1.4 +1175-5326 +15012526 +6B0C9970-3214-4C4F-922B-50D394C33D35 + + + + + + + +Tetragonurus pacificus +Abe, 1953 + + + + + + + +Figures 1–5 +, +Tables 1 +, +2 + + + + + + + +Tetragonurus pacificus +Abe 1953: 45 + + +, figs. 5–6 (west of +Solomon Islands +); + +Grey 1955: 14 + +, fig. 7; + +Haedrich 1967: 98 + +; + + +Ahlstrom +et al +. 1976: 333 + + +, fig. 14; + +Haedrich 1986: 851 + +; + +Last 2001: 3785 + +; + +Parin & Piotrovsky 2004 + +: S56; + +Koeda & Teramura 2019 + +; + +Anderson 2022 + +. + + + + + +Material examined. + + +2023.09.01 +NH + +, +3 specimens +: +129–133 mm +SL, off Chilaw ( +7°2.29’N +, +79°25’E +), +Sri Lanka +, +Indian Ocean +, + +10 July 2018 + +, R/V + +Dr. Fridtjof Nansen + +, station 80, pelagic trawl ( + +10 m +depth + +). + + + + + +Description. +Proportional measurements and counts are given in +Table 1 +. First dorsal fin 11‒12 spines. Second dorsal fin 11‒12 soft rays.Anal fin 1 spine, 10‒11 soft rays. Pectoral fin 15‒18 rays. Pelvic-fin rays I, 5. Longitudinal scale rows 75 to anterior margin of caudal keels. Branchiostegal rays 6. Gill rakers 8‒12 + 9‒10, total 17‒22. Vertebrae 39. + + +Body elongate and fusiform, with comparatively long caudal peduncle, 27.6‒29.8 % SL, square in cross-section, each side with 2 lateral keels of modified scales. Snout blunt, its length 27‒31.2% HL. Eye rounded, its diameter subequal to snout length, and 23.2‒27.0% HL. Dorsal surface of interorbital space slightly convex, its least bony interorbital space 20.3‒24.3% HL. Posterior nostril slit-like, located midway between uppermost point of eye and snout tip; anterior nostril oblong, located midway between posterior nostril and snout tip. Mouth moderately large, slightly oblique; posterior margin of maxilla reaching a vertical through middle of orbit. Teeth on jaws uniserial, those in upper jaw curved inward. Lower jaw teeth flattened and blade-like. Palatines and vomer with tiny inwardly directed conical teeth. Posteroventral corner of preopercle with serrations. Scales cover entire body and head except snout. Body scales arranged as slanted, parallelly and spirally keeled-like structures, tightly attached to the body and overlaying each other. Scales on top of head with minute denticles; subequal. Lateral line indistinct, from uppermost point of opercle, following dorsal outline of body and reaching caudal peduncle, but not caudal-fin base. First dorsal-fin origin above anterior third of pectoral fin; second, third or fourth dorsal-fin spines longest (length vary among individuals), spine length thereafter gradually shorter posteriorly. Last 1‒2 dorsal-fin spines short, one-tenth of the longest spines (penultimate or last spine split at base and counted as a single element) ( +Fig. 4 +). Base of last dorsal-fin spine equidistant between penultimate dorsal-fin spine and base of first dorsal-fin soft ray (unbranched) or closer to the latter. Second dorsal fin taller than first, its base shorter than first. Pelvic-fin origin beneath front third of pectoral fin. Anal fin origin slightly behind second dorsal fin origin. End of anal-fin base posterior to end of the second dorsal-fin base. Pectoral fins pointed, posterior tip reaching a vertical through base of fifth dorsal fin. Caudal fin forked, both lobes pointed. + + +Fresh coloration +. Body black with silvery green reflection on flanks, head region darker than body. All fins black, membranes paler ( +Fig. 2 +). + + +Preserved coloration +. Blackish brown. Head and fins slightly darker ( +Fig. 3 +). + + + + +FIGURE 1. +(A) Map of geographical distribution of + +Tetragonurus +species + +and (B) close-up of the collecting site of the specimen reported in this study. + + + + +FIGURE 2. +Fresh specimen of + +Tetragonurus pacificus + +, 2023.09.01 NH, 130 mm SL, off Chilaw, Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean. + + + + +FIGURE 3. +Preserved specimens of + +Tetragonurus pacificus + +, 2023.09.01 NH (129, 130, 133 mm SL), off Chilaw, Sri Lanka, Indian. + + + + +FIGURE 4. +Close-up view of the dorsal profile of + +Tetragonurus pacificus + +: (A) 2023.09.01 NH, 129 mm SL, penultimate dorsal-fin spine split at base; (B) 2023.09.01 NH, 133 mm SL, last dorsal-fin spine split at base. Black arrows indicate the position of the small spines divided at base. + + + + +FIGURE 5. +Single best maximum likelihood topology generated using COI (636 bp) sequence data for the three valid species of the genus + +Tetragonurus + +and + +Hyperoglyphe antartica +, +H. japonica + +and + +Schedophilus velaini + +as outgroup species. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap support for 1000 maximum likelihood pseudoreplicates. + + + + +Distribution. + +Tetragonurus pacificus + +has been recorded from various subtropical and tropical locations across the Indo-Pacific region. These include areas from Sumatra to the +Seychelles +, the West Australian Basin, and above the Equator Seamount in the Indian Ocean ( +Grey 1955 +; +Parin & Piotrovsky 2004 +); west of the +Solomon Islands +, southwest of +Tarawa +( +Kiribati +), and +Taiwan +in the Western Pacific Ocean ( +Abe 1953 +; +Koeda & Teramura 2019 +); north of +Samoa +and the Hawaiian Islands in the Central Pacific Ocean ( +Grey 1955 +; + +Ahlstrom +et al +. 1976 + +); and from a mid-oceanic station (3°47ʹN, 118°30ʹW) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean ( + +Ahlstrom +et al +. 1976 + +) ( +Fig. 1 +). This study provides the first confirmed record of this species in Sri Lankan waters and reaffirms its presence in the Indian Ocean, based on adult specimens. + + + + +TABLE 1. +Counts and proportional measurements (expressed as percentage of SL) of + +Tetragonurus pacificus + +individuals used in the present study with available data from literature sources. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Present study +Koeda & Teramura (2019) + +Parin & Piotrovsky (2004) + +Anderson (2022) +
2023.09.01 NH-12023.09.01 NH-22023.09.01 NH-3Holotype W of Solomon Is. ZUM47823Taiwan NMMB-P29945SW of Tarawa ZUMT 48781West Australia/ Equator Seamount (not retained)N/A
SL (mm)133130129122.596.248.4N=9 (140–204)N/A
+Counts +
Dorsal-fin spinesXIXIIXIIXXIXIX–XIIX–XII
Dorsal-fin rays11121212111311–1210–11
Anal-fin raysI, 10I,11I,10I, 10I, 10I, 11N/AI,10–11
Pectoral-fin rays17151816161615–1815–18
Pelvic-fin raysI,5I,5I,5I, 5I, 5I, 5NAN/A
Branchiostegal rays66666N/AN/A5–6
Pseudo branch rays282825damaged1814N/AN/A
Gill rakers12+108+98+107+14 (6+13)8+116+117–9+12–176–7+13–14
Longitudinal scale rows75757578728072–8072–80
Pre dorsal scales222019201720N/AN/A
Scales below first dorsal-fin origin4½4½4½damaged44N/AN/A
Scales below second dorsal-fin origin5655 1/256N/AN/A
Scales above anal-fin origin9 1/29 1/29 1/29 1/2910N/AN/A
Scales between origins of dorsal fins232323232222N/AN/A
VertebraeN/C39N/CN/A40N/AN/A39–43
+Measurements (%SL) +
Head length27.827.728.726.128.627.725.3–27.721.0**
Body depth18.217.719.414.719.220.716.3–19.212.0**
Body width19.519.220.912.711.99.3N/AN/A
+ + + +......continued on the next page + + + + +TABLE 1. +(Continued) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Present study +Koeda & Teramura (2019) + +Parin & Piotrovsky (2004) + +Anderson (2022) +
2023.09.01 NH-12023.09.01 NH-22023.09.01 NH-3Holotype W of Solomon Is. ZUM47823Taiwan NMMB-P29945SW of Tarawa ZUMT 48781West Australia/ Equator Seamount (not retained)N/A
Orbit diameter6.56.57.87.37.9*8.36.0–9.6N/A
Snout length8.38.77.87.88.6*5.87.7–8.6N/A
Interorbital width6.86.97.06.47.05.66.0–7.3N/A
Preorbital depth1.82.02.23.74.8*5.6N/AN/A
Longest pectoral-fin ray15.819.414.714.315.5damaged11.3–16.912.0**
First dorsal-fin spine length5.33.82.3damaged3.92.5N/AN/A
Second dorsal-fin spine length4.54.64.7damaged5.14.8N/AN/A
Third dorsal-fin spine length3.82.32.3damaged6.55.2N/AN/A
Fourth dorsal-fin spine length6.03.83.9damaged5.6damagedN/AN/A
First anal-fin spine length6.83.84.7damaged0.42.7N/AN/A
Caudal peduncle depth5.35.45.4damaged4.95.64.3–5.5N/A
Caudal peduncle length29.827.628.7damaged25.127.323.5–29.1N/A
+ + + +N/A: not available; N/C: not counted (only +one specimen +was dissected to get the vertebrae count), *measured on the right side; **percentages referred to the +holotype +but not corresponding to the values presented in the original description by +Abe (1953) + + + + +TABLE 2. +COI pairwise genetic distances among + +Tetragonurus +species + +using sequences available on GenBank and the newly generated sequence in this study. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +S. velaini + + + +H. japonica + + + +H. antartica + + + +T. cuvieri + + + +T. pacificus + +
+ +S. velaini + +
+ +H. japonica + +7.89%
+ +H. antartica + +10.89%11.61%
+ +T. cuvieri + +22.30%23.01%20.35%
+ +T. pacificus + +27.71%28.43%25.77%8.60%
+ +T. atlanticus + +20.73%21.44%18.78%8.84%14.26%
+ + + +Remarks + + +Koeda & Teramura (2019) +re-described + +T. pacificus + +based on +two specimens +( +96.2–122.5 mm +SL) from the Pacific Ocean, noting that in the Indian Ocean, the species was previously recorded only from early juveniles ( +9–21 mm +SL) (see also +Anderson 2022 +). An exception to this was the record of +nine adult +specimens ( +140–204 mm +SL) reported by +Parin & Piotrovsky (2004) +, who provided some meristic and morphometric data; however, no detailed descriptions were given, or voucher specimens preserved. Therefore, the specimens analyzed in this study represent the largest + +T. pacificus + +individuals examined in detail with vouchers deposited in a scientific institution. Morphological data obtained from the +Sri +Lankan specimens align with most morphological characters of + +T. pacificus + +, including the +holotype +. The few morphological discrepancies, such as preorbital depth and first anal-fin spine length ( +Table 1 +), may be attributed to ontogenetic growth, intraspecific variation, body distortion or shrinking caused by preservation, and/or slight differences in measuring methodologies. Our study confirms most of the meristic characters previously reported to distinguish + +T. pacificus + +from its congeners. These characters include 75 (72–80) longitudinal scale rows along body axis (vs. +83–95 in + +T. atlanticus + +and +97–114 in + +T. cuvieri + +); 39 (39–43) vertebrae (vs. +44–51 in + +T. atlanticus + +and +52–58 in + +T. cuvieri + +); 11 or 12 (9–12) first dorsal-fin spines (vs. +13–17 in + +T. atlanticus + +and +15–21 in + +T. cuvieri + +) and extends the known upper and lower ranges for other characters: 12 (6–9) gill rakers on upper limb (vs. +5–8 in +both + +T. cuvieri + +and + +T. atlanticus + +) and 9 or 10 (12–16) gill rakers on lower limb (vs. +9–14 in + +T. cuvieri + +and +10–14 in + +T. atlanticus + +). The new data obtained from the three +Sri +Lankan specimens also variously extend the upper ranges of some body ratios in + +T. pacificus + +such as head length, body width, snout length, pectoral fin length, caudal peduncle length, dorsal and anal-fin spines length ( +Table 1 +). Furthermore, morphological analyses herein ( +Sri +Lankan specimens + literature data) provide new characters that may be useful to distinguish + +T. pacificus + +from + +T. cuvieri + +: head length (25.3–28.7% SL vs. 18–25% SL); orbit diameter (6.0–9.6% SL vs 2.7–4.5% SL or 26.2–28.7 vs. 14.1–26.0% HL). + + +Notably, the head length, body depth and pectoral-fin ratios for the +holotype +of + +T. pacificus + +provided by +Anderson (2022) +, are not congruent with the values provided by the original description ( +Abe, 1953 +) (see +Table 1 +). It is also interesting to note that the +Sri +Lankan specimens of + +T. pacificus + +appear to have a darker fresh coloration relative to the Taiwanese specimen figured in +Koeda & Teramura (2019) +. + + +Genetics +. Pairwise sequence divergence based on the COI gene region for + +T. pacificus + +was comparatively high with + +T. atlanticus + +(14.3%) and + +T. cuvieri + +(8.6%). Further, there was a clear genetic divergence between + +T. cuvieri + +and + +T. atlanticus + +(pairwise K2P, 8.8%) ( +Table 2 +). The Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree, inferred from the mitochondrial COI nucleotide sequences supports two distinct lineages of + +Tetragonurus +. + +One lineage contains two sister species namely + +T. cuvieri + +and + +T. pacificus + +, while the other lineage has a single species + +T. atlanticus + +( +Fig. 5 +). The Sri Lankan sample ( +2023.09.01 +NH) clustered with a sequence of + +T. pacificus + +( +Japan +) published in + +Teramura +et al +. (2022) + +with a pairwise distance of 0.04%. + +Tetragonurus cuvieri + +has an intraspecies pairwise distance of 1.3%. This intraspecies variation within + +T. cuvieri + +could be explained by its wide distribution as well as larger number of available sequences for the species. Whereas + +T. atlanticus + +has an intraspecies variation of 0.63% pairwise distance. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFDAFF95FF65FCD958FFFC3E.xml b/data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFDAFF95FF65FCD958FFFC3E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ba8c8fb7df1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A8/6E/03/A86E032DFFDAFF95FF65FCD958FFFC3E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ + + + +First confirmed record of adult Pacific squaretail, Tetragonurus pacificus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Stromateoidei) from the Indian Ocean, with an expanded description + + + +Author + +Aluwihare, Yasmin C. +0009-0001-2844-0484 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. +yasminaluwihare@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Fernando, Sara +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. & Department of Chemical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB 8 3 PH, UK. + + + +Author + +Gunasinghe, Malsha S. +0000-0003-1669-1742 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. +malshagunasinghe112@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ranasinghe, Cherika +0009-0007-9095-7816 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. +ranasinghecherika97@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ranjula, M. A. S. +0000-0002-2934-294X +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. & Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, 82200, Sri Lanka. +shalankaranjula@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Weerakoon, Thiranya + + + +Author + +Haputhantri, Sujeewa S. K. +0000-0002-3516-8642 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. +sisirahaputhantri@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Jayasinghe, Prabath K. +0000-0001-6177-5465 +National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. +prabath_jayasinghe@yahoo.com + + + +Author + +Lisher, Mark W. +Iziko Museums of South Africa, Collections & Digitization Department, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa. + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. & National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-03-12 + + +5604 + + +1 + + +41 +51 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.1.4 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5604.1.4 +1175-5326 +15012526 +6B0C9970-3214-4C4F-922B-50D394C33D35 + + + + + + +Key to the species of + +Tetragonurus + +(adapted from +Anderson 2022 +) + + + + + + + +1a. LL scales 72–95 to keels on peduncle; pelvic-fin origin beneath front third of pectoral fin; vertebrae 39–51.............. 2 + + + +1b. LL scales 97–114 to keels on peduncle; pelvic-fin origin beneath middle of pectoral fin; vertebrae 52–58......... + +T. cuvieri + + + + + + + +2a. Dorsal fin 9–12 spines; LL scales 72–80; vertebrae 39–43; snout longer than eye diameter (in adults).......... + +T. pacificus + + + + + +2b. Dorsal fin 13–17 spines; LL scales 83–95; vertebrae 44–51; snout subequal to eye diameter................. + +T. atlanticus + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file