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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11339" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d23796aa-0b79-48e8-a7a8-a7ac8b0c7e31" ID-PMC="PMC5345381" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-655-141" ID-PubMed="28331399" ID-ZBK="3C2D5E6CD21B4E7FA0F5B3BEF0AE852B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-655-141" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 655" ModsDocTitle="The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA 9. A new species of Givira Walker (Cossidae, Hypoptinae) dedicated to Delinda Mix, including a list of species of Cossidae recorded from the Monument" checkinTime="1487100216097" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Metzler, Eric H." docDate="2017" docId="E5C139A9DA497222DCB7581E6593417D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 655: 141-156" docOrigin="ZooKeys 655" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11339" docTitle="Givira delindae Metzler, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F4D84641-CB30-45FA-B0BA-CACABF97FE96" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="FFCEFF869B29BA518E24FFD3FF83C248" masterDocTitle="The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA 9. A new species of Givira Walker (Cossidae, Hypoptinae) dedicated to Delinda Mix, including a list of species of Cossidae recorded from the Monument" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1668164223879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA 9. A new species of Givira Walker (Cossidae, Hypoptinae) dedicated to Delinda Mix, including a list of species of Cossidae recorded from the Monument</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Metzler, Eric H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>655</mods:number>
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<mods:start>141</mods:start>
<mods:end>156</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11339</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11339</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-655-141</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891047" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F4D84641-CB30-45FA-B0BA-CACABF97FE96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5C139A9DA497222DCB7581E6593417D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F4D84641-CB30-45FA-B0BA-CACABF97FE96" authority="Metzler" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae Metzler</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="144">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-4, 9, 12, 13-15
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
Holotype ♂, pinned with labels as follows: &quot;USA: N[ew]M[exico]: Otero Co., White Sands Nat[ional] Mon[ument], interdune vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="32.778168">32°46.69'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-106.18967">106°11.38'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,000', 10 August 2010, WSNM 8, Eric H. Metzler uv trp, Accss # WHSA 00131, USNMENT 00913976, HOLOTYPE
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
Metzler 2017 [USNM]. Allotype ♀, pinned with labels as follows: &quot;USA: N[ew]M[exico]: Otero Co., White Sands Nat[ional] Mon[ument], interdune vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="32.773666">32°46.42'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-106.17516">106°10.51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,012', 4 June 2016, WSNM Z, Eric H. Metzler uv trp, Accss # WHSA 00131, Allotype
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
Metzler 2017 [USNM]. Paratypes: 104 ♂, 3♀ All paratypes are &quot;USA: N[ew]M[exico]: Otero County: White Sands Nat[ional] Mon[ument], Accsn#: WSNM-00131.&quot; The specimens with discrete sample sites are &quot;Eric H. Metzler uv trp&quot; Sample sites within the dunes are: WSNM 1, open dunes, no vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="32.763">32°45.78'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-106.189835">106°11.39' W</geoCoordinate>
4,014,' 13 May 2007, (1♂), WSNM 2, interdunal vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="32.7595">32°45.57'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-106.19317">106°11.59'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,006,' 13 May 2007 (3 ♂, 1 ♂ gen. on slide USNM 127,559), WSNM 3, edge of dunes/basin,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="32.761665">32°45.70'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-106.18733">106°11.24'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,001' 13 May 2007 (4 ♂, 1 ♂ gen. on slide USNM 127,555), WSNM 8, interdune vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.761417">32°45.685'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.18965">106°11.379' W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,000' 3 June 2008 (3 ♂), 22 July 2008 (2 ♂), 20 June 2009 (1 ♂), 8 September 2015 (1♂), WSNM 9, interdune vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.762066">32°45.724'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.18858">106°11.315'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,000' 3 June 2008 (2 ♂), 22 July 2008 (2 ♂), 10 June 2009 (1♂), 20 June 2009 (2 ♂), 10 June 2013 (2 ♂) WSNM B, interdunal vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.759933">32°45.596'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.19157">106°11.494'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,000' 3 June 2008 (6 ♂), WSNM C, crest of dunes near vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.761135">32°45.668'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.1903">106°11.418'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,014' 3 June 2008 (2 ♂), 10 August 2010 (4 ♂), WSNM D, interdunal veg.,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.777">32°46.620'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.1804">106°10.824'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,008' 19 May 2009 (2 ♂), 10 August 2010 (4 ♂), WSNM F, interdune vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.18063">106°10.838'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.77738">32°46.643'N</geoCoordinate>
, 4,008' 19 May 2009 (1 ♂, 1♀ genitalia on slide USNM 127,563), 10 August 2010 (1♂), 10 June 2013 (1♂), 19 May 2015 (3 ♂), 20 May 2015 (2 ♂), 5 Sept 2013 (3 ♂), 4 June 2016 (3♂), WSNM Z, interdune vegetation,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.778442">32°46'42.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.180984">106°10'51.55&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4,012' 4 May 2016 (1♂), 4 June 2016 (1♂), 5 June 2016 (3 ♂, 1 ♂ genitalia on slide USNM 127,556), 6 June 2016 (3 ♂, 1♀genitalia on slide USNM 127,557), 7 June 2016 (4 ♂, 1 ♂ genitalia on slide USNM 127,560). 10 June 2016 (5 ♂), 13 June 2016 (6 ♂, 1♀, ♀ genitalia on slide USNM 127,558), The next 20 specimens were collected by Greg Forbes: vicinity of Admin. Building,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.77961">32°46'46.60&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.17408">106°10'26.70&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4006', 14 May 2009 (1♀, genitalia on slide E.H.M.721), Interdunes at W end Big Pedestal Rd. 2.5 mi SW Admin. Bldg. (= terminus Big Pedestal Rd.),
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.758823">32°45'31.76&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.19283">106°11'34.20&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4006', 21 June 2007 (1♂). 22 June 2007 (1 ♂), 15 August 2007 (1♂), 11-12 May 2008 (1♂), 30 May 2008 (1♂), 11 June 2008 (2♂), 6 July 2008 (3♂), 17 July 2008 (1♂), 6 August 2008 (1♂, wings on slide E.H.M.726, hind leg on slide E.H.M.727). Ca. 100 m NE terminus Big Pedestal Rd. 22 June 2007
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="145" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
1♂), 30 May 2008 (2♂), Storage area (= boneyard)
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.778645">32°46'43.12&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.18024">106°10'48.86&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4006', 30 May 2008 (3♂), 6 July 2008 (1♂), 14 May 2009 (1♂ genitalia on slide E.H.M.713), Thirty specimens, all from within the dunes of White Sands National Monument were excluded from the type series because of poor conditions of the wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
The specific name of this species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="delindae" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="delindae">delindae</taxonomicName>
, a noun in the genitive case, honors Delinda Mix for the support and encouragement she gave to her son, Steve Mix, who was interested in studying butterflies and moths as a young man. He maintains his interest in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
The diagnostic features are the satiny-white wings with vague pale-gray markings, a small contrasting dark patch of scales near the middle, closer to the dorsal margin, of the forewing (Figs 1, 3, 15), The thorax and abdomen are velvety white. Abdominal tufts have gray-tipped scales. The posterior dorsal margin of the thorax has prominent semi-erect tufts of scales, the abdomen has two basal erect dorsal tufts of gray-tipped scales, and the posterior end of the abdomen has a prominent often semi-erect, furcate tuft of scales. In addition to the contrasting dark patches on the forewings, there are two tufts of semi-erect scales along the path of the postmedial line. The other fore wing markings are more or less contrasting three faint-gray lines, parallel to the outer margin in the postmedial area. The costa of the forewing of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
may or may not have one, two, or three rows of costal and sub-costal tiny black spots. The markings of the hindwing are a series of parallel gray widened lines that are more conspicuous at the costal margin. Worn specimens are dull white shaded with gray, and most pinned specimens are greased and oily-gray in appearance. The abdomen is full of fatty tissue (obvious when dissected) hence the reason most pinned specimens are greasy. The forewings and hindwings of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira carla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carla">Givira carla</taxonomicName>
are white, without dark smudges and with three or four faint obscure pale-gray shades parallel to the outer margin (Fig. 5). The forewing of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira carla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carla">Givira carla</taxonomicName>
is not satiny white and has numerous small black spots. The post medial dark markings are brown on
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira cornelia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelia">Givira cornelia</taxonomicName>
, and when compared to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
, the postmedial line markings of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira cornelia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelia">Givira cornelia</taxonomicName>
are longer, when measured from near the tornal angle towards the costa. The wings of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira cornelia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelia">Givira cornelia</taxonomicName>
are overcast with a decidedly pale-brown tint thus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira cornelia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelia">Givira cornelia</taxonomicName>
is not used in further comparisons. The forewings of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira durangona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangona">Givira durangona</taxonomicName>
are overcast with a gray tint from the post medial line to the outer margin (Fig. 7). The hindwings of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira durangona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangona">Givira durangona</taxonomicName>
are overcast with gray. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira carla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carla">Givira carla</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira durangona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangona">Givira durangona</taxonomicName>
are closely similar in appearance. They are distinguished by subtle differences in shape and ratios of width to length of the valvae. The valvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
are 1.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, and they are not noticeably curved dorsad (Fig. 9). The valvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira durangona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangona">Givira durangona</taxonomicName>
are 1.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide (Fig. 11), and they are slightly curved dorsad. The valvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira carla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carla">Givira carla</taxonomicName>
are 1.78
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide (Fig. 10), and in comparison, they are noticeably curved dorsad.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
Figures 1-8.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Givira</taxonomicName>
adults. 1
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ upperside 2
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ underside 3
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
Allotype ♀ upperside 4
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
Allotype ♀ underside 5
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira carla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carla">Givira carla</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ (photographed after dissection) upperside 6
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira carla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carla">Givira carla</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ underside 7
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira durangona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangona">Givira durangona</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ (photographed after dissection) upperside 8
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira durangona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangona">Givira durangona</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
Figures 9-12.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Givira</taxonomicName>
genitalia 9
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
♂ Paratype USNM slide 127,556 9a (genital capsule) 9b (aedeagus) 10
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira carla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carla">Givira carla</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ USNM slide 85,292 10a (genital capsule) 10b (aedeagus) 11
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira durangona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangona">Givira durangona</taxonomicName>
Holotype ♂ USNM slide 85,295 11a (genital capsule) 11b (aedeagus) 12
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
♀ genitalia Paratype USNM slide 127,563.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
Figures 13-15.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
13 type locality 14 distribution 15 Adult resting on a branch of frosted mint (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Poliomintha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poliomintha incana" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">Poliomintha incana</taxonomicName>
(Torr.) A. Gray (
<taxonomicName family="Lamiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
)), a common shrub in the dunes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
Adult male (Figs 1, 2): Head. Front and vertex smooth, scales directed forward and ventrad, white, narrowly spatulate, semi-erect; palpi short, extending to just dorsad of clypeus, straight, basal and middle segments equal length, apical segment 0.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of second segment, all three segments with semi-erect scales, gypsum-colored, long erect cactus-spine scales scattered on all surfaces. Haustellum
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="146" start="start">obscured</pageBreakToken>
in dense scaling. Eyes naked, a few black hair-like long scales directed towards base of forewing from lateral posterior margin of eye. Antennae bipectinate, each ramus = 1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of antennal shaft. Rami gradually shorter towards terminus;
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="147" start="start">dorsal</pageBreakToken>
surface white scales, ventral surface naked, densely setose. Thorax. Thoracic scales hair-like, erect, fuzzy in appearance, white, tegulae similar; underside, scales hair-like, erect, fuzzy in appearance, concolorous. Fore legs denwsely scaled, white, lateral surfaces with long shaggy scales, scattered dark-gray scales, hair-like, erect, fuzzy appearance, hind leg femur one terminal pair of spurs. Forewing: length 9.6-
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="148" start="start">16.2</pageBreakToken>
mm, mean = 12.5 mm, n = 82, satiny white, triangular shaped, rounded apex, contrasting black patch on medial line near dorsal margin, a second dark patch may be present on post-medial line. Post-medial line with two patches erect scales, one subcoastal and one above dorsal margin, medial and post-medial lines pale-gray, not contrasting; underside white, postmedial and sub-terminal lines gray, dorsal margin white with 8-10 short contrasting perpendicular gray bars, terminal line gray, broken, fringe alternating gray and white patches; Hindwing faintly pale-gray, triangular, apex rounded, alternating white and gray lines parallel to outer margin, not contrasting, terminal line broken-gray patches, fringe white; underside white shaded with gray, terminal line dark gray, broken. Abdomen. Dorsum white, scales erect, fuzzy in appearance, two basal tufts with gray-tipped scales, furcate tuft on last segment with gray-tipped scales. Ventral scales white, erect, fuzzy in appearance. Male Genitalia (Figs 9, 9a), Uncus, apex slightly widened, blunt, curved ventrally; tegumen A shaped, width equals length; valvae straight, narrowed apically, apex rounded, curved mesially near apex, short, length = 1.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width at base, setose, dense near apex, saccular region set off by a shallow depression at base of valve, costa turned 90° mesially and extended at base; juxta posterior part flat, jagged posterior margin, anterior part trough shaped, narrowed to blunt point; vinculum broad, robust, apex produced to truncated process with rounded corners. Aedeagus cylindrical, a rounded longitudinal keel-like structure at 2/5 length from anterior end, slightly bent at position of keel; anterior end gradually wider from bend to anterior opening; posterior end abruptly flared immediately before terminus (like the mouthpiece of a brass musical instrument). Adult female (Figs 3, 4): Habitus like male. Forewing: length 15.1-16.5 mm, mean = 15.7 mm, n = 3. Antennae bipectinate, each rhamus = 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of antennal shaft. Rhami shorter towards terminal end of antennae. Abdomen. S-8 heavily sclerotized, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin deeply concave. Genitalia (Fig. 12). Papilla analis short, rubbery, retracted into abdomen, as wide as long, rounded, membranous, setose; posterior apophysis short, due to withdrawn papilla analis appears to be anterior of anterior apophysis, sinuous, extends to caudal end of concavity in S-8, terminal end spoon shaped; anterior apophysis slender, sinuous, with lateral processes, posterior end Y shaped, extends caudad of end of concavity in S-8, terminal end sinuous, spoon shaped; T-8 short, weakly sclerotized, translucent, posterior margin with numerous processes appearing like a comb with widely-spaced spine-like teeth. Ostium bursae, anterior margin a sclerotized ring, posterior margin lightly sclerotized, opens into a funnel-shaped sinus vaginalis. Ostium-bursae heavily sclerotized, protruding, ductus bursae lightly sclerotized, short, narrowed at midpoint, a sharp dogleg to juncture with appendix bursae and corpus bursae, appendix bursae round sclerotized, at right angle to juncture with ductus bursae and corpus bursae; corpus bursae round, short, flattened, appressed against S-8, dorsal surface rugose, sclerotized ridges a complex reticulated network, appearing cage-like.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
This new species is placed in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Givira</taxonomicName>
based on three character states as defined by
<bibRefCitation author="Barnes, W" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to the Natural History of Lepidoptera of North America" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 35" title="Revision of the Cossidae of North America." volume="1" year="1911">Barnes and McDunnough (1911)</bibRefCitation>
. 1) presence of a cross vein be
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="149" start="start">tween</pageBreakToken>
A1 and A2 of the forewing (near the tornus in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
), 2) veins R and M1 of the hindwing stalked, and 3) one pair of apical spurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Biology and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
occurs in White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico (Figs 13, 14). Several of the sample sites used for this study were not in the dunes. Only one specimen of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Givira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Givira delindae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delindae">Givira delindae</taxonomicName>
was seen at any
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="150" start="start">sample</pageBreakToken>
site outside the dunes. The single specimen captured outside the dunes was at an incandescent light 300 meters east of the dunes at the Administration Building. The immature stages and the larval host are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kessler" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Darevskia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darevskia portschinskii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portschinskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">Darevskia portschinskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a bisexual
<normalizedToken originalValue="“paternal”">&quot;paternal&quot;</normalizedToken>
species for two parthenogenetic forms,
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. dahli" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" rank="species" species="dahli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">D. dahli</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. rostombekowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" rank="species" species="rostombekowi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">D. rostombekowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Darevsky, I S" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B5882375" refString="Darevsky, I S, 1967. Rock lizards of the Caucasus, systematics, ecology and phylogenesis of the polymorphic groups of Caucasian rock lizards of the subgenus. Nauka, Leningrad" title="Rock lizards of the Caucasus, systematics, ecology and phylogenesis of the polymorphic groups of Caucasian rock lizards of the subgenus" year="1967">Darevsky 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Uzzell, Thomas" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B5882887" refString="Uzzell, Thomas, Darevsky, Ilya S., 1975. Biochemical evidence for the hybrid origin of the parthenogenetic species of the Lacerta saxicola complex (Sauria: Lacertidae), with a discussion of some ecological and evolutionary implications. Copeia 1975 (2)" title="Biochemical evidence for the hybrid origin of the parthenogenetic species of the Lacerta saxicola complex (Sauria: Lacertidae), with a discussion of some ecological and evolutionary implications" volume="1975" year="1975">Uzzell and Darevsky 1975</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Murphy, R W" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" pagination="527 - 549" refId="B5882695" refString="Murphy, R W, Fu, J, MacCulloch, R D, Darevsky, I S, Kupriyanova, L A, 2000. A fine line between sex and unisexuality: the phylogenetic constraints on parthenogenesis in lacertid lizards. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 130 (4): 527 - 549" title="A fine line between sex and unisexuality: the phylogenetic constraints on parthenogenesis in lacertid lizards" volume="130" year="2000">Murphy et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Species identification in the SZs was carried out by different authors using allozyme markers, multilocus DNA fingerprinting, mini- and micro-satellite markers and morphological features (
<bibRefCitation author="Moritz, C." journalOrPublisher="Genetica" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" pagination="53 - 62" refId="B5882682" refString="Moritz, C., Uzzell, T., Spolsky, C., Hotz, H., Darevsky, I., Kupriyanova, L., Danielyan, F., 1992. The material ancestry and approximate age of parthenogenetic species of Caucasian rock lizards (Lacerta: Lacertidae). Genetica 87 (1): 53 - 62" title="The material ancestry and approximate age of parthenogenetic species of Caucasian rock lizards (Lacerta: Lacertidae)" volume="87" year="1992">Moritz et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="MacCulloch, R D" journalOrPublisher="Genetica" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" pagination="41 - 45" refId="B5882597" refString="MacCulloch, R D, Murphy, R W, Fu, J, Darevsky, I S, Danielyan, F, 1997. Disjunct habitats as islands: genetic variability in the Caucasian rock lizard Lacerta portschinskii. Genetica 101 (1): 41 - 45" title="Disjunct habitats as islands: genetic variability in the Caucasian rock lizard Lacerta portschinskii." volume="101" year="1997">MacCulloch et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Tokarskaya, O." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Genetics and Genomics" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" pagination="812 - 819" refId="B5882873" refString="Tokarskaya, O., Kan, N., Petrosyan, V., Martirosyan, I., Grechko, V., Danielyan, F., Darevsky, I., Ryskov, A., 2001. Genetic variation in parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizards of the genus Lacerta (L. dahli, L. armeniaca, L. unisexualis) analyzed by DNA fingerprinting. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 265 (5): 812 - 819" title="Genetic variation in parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizards of the genus Lacerta (L. dahli, L. armeniaca, L. unisexualis) analyzed by DNA fingerprinting" volume="265" year="2001">Tokarskaya et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Arakelyan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Society for Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt Lake City" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B5882280" refString="Arakelyan, MS, Danielyan, FD, Corti, C, Sindaco, R, Leviton, AE, 2011. Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Society for Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt Lake City" title="Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh." year="2011">Arakelyan et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Vergun, Andrey A" journalOrPublisher="PLOS One" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" pagination=": e 91674" refId="B5882897" refString="Vergun, Andrey A, Martirosyan, Irena A, Semyenova, Seraphima K, Omelchenko, Andrey V, Petrosyan, Varos G, Lazebny, Oleg E, Tokarskaya, Olga N, Korchagin, Vitaly I, Ryskov, Alexey P, 2014. Clonal diversity and clone formation in the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia dahli. PLOS One 9 (3): e91674" title="Clonal diversity and clone formation in the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia dahli." volume="9" year="2014">Vergun et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In the field surveys, species identification was carried out using identification guides (
<bibRefCitation author="Darevsky, I S" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B5882375" refString="Darevsky, I S, 1967. Rock lizards of the Caucasus, systematics, ecology and phylogenesis of the polymorphic groups of Caucasian rock lizards of the subgenus. Nauka, Leningrad" title="Rock lizards of the Caucasus, systematics, ecology and phylogenesis of the polymorphic groups of Caucasian rock lizards of the subgenus" year="1967">Darevsky 1967</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F5883845" captionText="Figure 10. Distinguishing characters of D. portschinskii (male individual on the photographs). A. Central temporal shield is medium size, small or not explicit, from the first upper temporal shield, it is divided by 1 - 5 longitudinal rows of small shields (indicated by arrow); B. Anal shield is large, elongated across; in front of it, one large, more or less rounded at the posterior margin pre-anal shield is located symmetrically (indicated by arrow). Photos by M. Arakelyan and F. Danielyan." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e56030.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/424206" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">10</figureCitation>
). In all nine zones, 16 individuals were captured, including 14 adult females and two males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">
The range of
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. portschinskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" rank="species" species="portschinskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">D. portschinskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
covers the valleys of the middle reaches of the Kura River within central and southern Georgia, northern Armenia and north-western Azerbaijan (
<bibRefCitation author="Darevsky, I S" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B5882375" refString="Darevsky, I S, 1967. Rock lizards of the Caucasus, systematics, ecology and phylogenesis of the polymorphic groups of Caucasian rock lizards of the subgenus. Nauka, Leningrad" title="Rock lizards of the Caucasus, systematics, ecology and phylogenesis of the polymorphic groups of Caucasian rock lizards of the subgenus" year="1967">Darevsky 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Tarkhnishvili, D" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" pagination="447 - 460" refId="B5882848" refString="Tarkhnishvili, D, Gavashelishvili, A, Avaliani, A, Murtskhvaladze, M, Mumladze, L, 2010. Unisexual rock lizard might be out competing its bisexual progenitors in the Caucasus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 101 (2): 447 - 460" title="Unisexual rock lizard might be out competing its bisexual progenitors in the Caucasus" volume="101" year="2010">Tarkhnishvili et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Petrosyan, Varos" journalOrPublisher="Mathematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B6068704" refString="Petrosyan, Varos, Osipov, Fedor, Bobrov, Vladimir, Dergunova, Natalia, Omelchenko, Andrey, Varshavskiy, Alexander, Danielyan, Felix, Arakelyan, Marine, 2020. Species Distribution Models and Niche Partitioning among Unisexual Darevskia dahli and Its Parental Bisexual (D. portschinskii, D. mixta) Rock Lizards in the Caucasus. Mathematics 8 (8)" title="Species Distribution Models and Niche Partitioning among Unisexual Darevskia dahli and Its Parental Bisexual (D. portschinskii, D. mixta) Rock Lizards in the Caucasus" volume="8" year="2020">Petrosyan et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The range in Armenia begins in the vicinity of Stepanavan in the west and is limited in the east by the Sevan Ridge. Suitable habitats in Azerbaijan cover the border territories with Armenia to the valley of the middle reaches of the river Ganjachaya. The presence of the species in the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh was previously mentioned in literature (
<bibRefCitation author="Arakelyan, MS" journalOrPublisher="Society for Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt Lake City" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B5882280" refString="Arakelyan, MS, Danielyan, FD, Corti, C, Sindaco, R, Leviton, AE, 2011. Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Society for Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt Lake City" title="Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh." year="2011">Arakelyan et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Within the study area, we identified six SZs in the two Provinces of Armenia (Tavush, Lori), two zones in Nagorno-Karabakh and one in Georgia.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kessler" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Darevskia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darevskia portschinskii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portschinskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">Darevskia portschinskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-exist in three SZs with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“daughter”">&quot;daughter&quot;</normalizedToken>
species
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. dahli" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" rank="species" species="dahli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">D. dahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. rostombekowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" rank="species" species="rostombekowi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">D. rostombekowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two SZs. Two parenteal bisexual species
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. portschinskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" rank="species" species="portschinskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">D. portschinskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. r. subsp. raddei" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" rank="subSpecies" species="r." subSpecies="raddei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030">D. r. raddei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-exist in two SZs (
<bibRefCitation author="Uzzell, Thomas" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B5882887" refString="Uzzell, Thomas, Darevsky, Ilya S., 1975. Biochemical evidence for the hybrid origin of the parthenogenetic species of the Lacerta saxicola complex (Sauria: Lacertidae), with a discussion of some ecological and evolutionary implications. Copeia 1975 (2)" title="Biochemical evidence for the hybrid origin of the parthenogenetic species of the Lacerta saxicola complex (Sauria: Lacertidae), with a discussion of some ecological and evolutionary implications" volume="1975" year="1975">Uzzell and Darevsky 1975</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Galoyan, Eduard A." journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" refId="B6068652" refString="Galoyan, Eduard A., Tsellarius, Elena Yu., Arakelyan, Marine S., 2019. Friend-or-foe? Behavioural evidence suggests interspecific discrimination leading to low probability of hybridization in two coexisting rock lizard species (Lacertidae, Darevskia). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 73 (4)" title="Friend-or-foe? Behavioural evidence suggests interspecific discrimination leading to low probability of hybridization in two coexisting rock lizard species (Lacertidae, Darevskia)" volume="73" year="2019">Galoyan et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Galoyan, Eduard" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="56030" pagination="43 - 52" refId="B6068661" refString="Galoyan, Eduard, Moskalenko, Viktoria, Gabelaia, Mariam, Tarkhnishvili, David, Spangenberg, Victor, Chamkina, Anna, Arakelyan, Marine, 2020. Syntopy of two species of rock lizards (Darevskia raddei and Darevskia portschinskii) may not lead to hybridization between them. Zoologischer Anzeiger 288: 43 - 52" title="Syntopy of two species of rock lizards (Darevskia raddei and Darevskia portschinskii) may not lead to hybridization between them" volume="288" year="2020">Galoyan et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). All zones are mainly located in the lower band of mountain forests in relatively warm and arid forest and shrub biotopes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8A93CE1E8046E87293AB6E9781144CB3" pageNumber="60">[[soldier]] und [[worker]]. Ziemlich typische Form. Takao.</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="3040161FD6406B1C6CACCEE669F2A652" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="1320" year="1759">
<bibCitation id="4A9B111B53B79D9AFD4BA98855E53261" author="Linnaeus" pagination="1320" title="Acrostichum aculeatum" volumeTitle="Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2" year="1759">
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<emphasis id="2808B9EBD6D3C04FE75F21411975E627" bold="true" pageNumber="258">Acrostichum aculeatum</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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,
<volumeTitle id="0E686FC032D8D9FA95268CE08781EB13">
<emphasis id="AD6697DEB401B21EA6F407B6D7AC497F" italics="true" pageNumber="258">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
, ed. 10, 2
</volumeTitle>
: 1320. 1759
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="652B16305031AF1B957CD34F8E32D9B4" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D683B15EAE37F73BFEFA5E30013CDA94" pageNumber="258">[&quot;Habitat in Jamaica.&quot;] Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1530 (1763). RCN: 7790.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DBBA72B8B0F8BDB1E21D4125957783D4" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="192F2506F167FFE4161D1EA8F0F4C70E" pageNumber="258">Type not designated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23CAAABEBA5D3109DA425C5409F012F9" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D61E06D82EDD0F0CABE9407865EBA28" pageNumber="258">
Original material:
<specimenReference id="C0451D0977F1057CE8BF59DE0A70C633" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="1245.16">
Herb. Linn. No. 1245.16 (
<collectionCode id="894BD9FA91D6C33D365C8208671F2843">LINN</collectionCode>
)
</specimenReference>
; [icon] in Sloane, Voy. Jamaica 1: 99, t. 61. 1707 -
<materialsCitation id="DC59E2500E69675BA400BCE40BFEB632" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612070529" collectionCode="BM-SL" specimenCode="157" typeStatus="typotype">
<typeStatus id="27D6CEA07DA05B69F7CB19287DAA3CB9">Typotype</typeStatus>
: Herb. Sloane 1: 157 (
<collectionCode id="9FC9F3BF58B15CFFAF7E5908857C7A6F">BM-SL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03951113B6A772E0BAB390D9CE1A89C4" pageNumber="258">
Current name:
<taxonomicName id="0502F8BB6F827EF0669EDACD540EF41D" ID-CoL="77LTY" authority="(Sw.) Link" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="Sw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pityrogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
<emphasis id="23689D772DFBABD9368CCACCB92D3A5B" bold="true" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="61CF3890EF6C1CCAA6B07432DD642D97" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="258">Pityrogramma chrysophylla</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(Sw.) Link
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="75D66649B9D32FCF51EFF3005FFD8934" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pteridaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6DAE13FA0637F3FF25E32DF490021E2" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BF9EED78A0223D26C0F37284D47A1D6E" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="FDDE79B7EA33E80CBCA9FCCC953004C0" italics="true" pageNumber="258">Note:</emphasis>
See discussion by Proctor (in Howard,
<emphasis id="DA22DDF6FE727D5F4031077088E80381" italics="true" pageNumber="258">Fl. Lesser Antilles</emphasis>
2: 170. 1977). Despite sharing
<normalizedToken id="E68D55A51D59B0D52F3DF4BEFDF8A12B" originalValue="Sloanes">Sloane's</normalizedToken>
t. 61 (1707) as a cited synonym, this name and
<taxonomicName id="3754E3FA499F6A30A50DC6A3F121A702" authority="L. (1753)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="4D1973D58FAB7192ACE7B6A2094B451A" italics="true" pageNumber="258">Adiantum aculeatum</emphasis>
L. (1753)
</taxonomicName>
are independent names.
</paragraph>
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