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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.17.10153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f35086e-d4fa-4b71-a4b5-c8fa289af31f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902773" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-17-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-4049-17-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 17" ModsDocTitle="Polypores and genus concepts in Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)" checkinTime="1481261657631" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miettinen, Otto, Spirin, Viacheslav, Vlasak, Josef, Rivoire, Bernard, Stenroos, Soili &amp; Hibbett, David S." docDate="2016" docId="E59C27BB2FC409AF4CE0370D2E6CBD15" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 17: 1-46" docOrigin="MycoKeys 17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.17.10153" docTitle="Hapalopilus ribicola Spirin &amp; Miettinen, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="A122FFEFFFE1FFCDFFF8FFC1FFE80E20" masterDocTitle="Polypores and genus concepts in Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1643502789647" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Polypores and genus concepts in Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Miettinen, Otto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Spirin, Viacheslav</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vlasak, Josef</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rivoire, Bernard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stenroos, Soili</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hibbett, David S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>17</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.17.10153</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.17.10153</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-17-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902773" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E59C27BB2FC409AF4CE0370D2E6CBD15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E59C27BB2FC409AF4CE0370D2E6CBD15" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName LSID="817922" authority="(P. Karst.) Spirin &amp; Miettinen" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Hapalopilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hapalopilus ribicola" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ribicola">Hapalopilus ribicola (P. Karst.) Spirin &amp; Miettinen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="12">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 6g
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trametes ribicola" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ribicola">Trametes ribicola</taxonomicName>
P. Karst., Hedwigia 20: 178 (1881).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
This species was described by
<bibRefCitation author="Karsten, PA" journalOrPublisher="Hedwigia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="177 - 179" title="Fungi novi, lecti atqve descripti a P. A. Karsten." volume="20" year="1881">Karsten (1881)</bibRefCitation>
based on the sole collection from Finland. It had usually been regarded as a form of
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Hapalopilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hapalopilus rutilans" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hapalopilus rutilans</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lowe, JL" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="99 - 125" title="Type studies of the polypores described by Karsten." url="10.2307/3755782" volume="1" year="1956">Lowe 1956</bibRefCitation>
). However, our data show that specimens growing on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ribes" order="Saxifragales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ribes</taxonomicName>
spp. in North Europe are distinct from
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Hapalopilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hapalopilus rutilans" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hapalopilus rutilans</taxonomicName>
and phylogenetically closer to
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Hapalopilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hapalopilus eupatorii" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="eupatorii">Hapalopilus eupatorii</taxonomicName>
. All specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Hapalopilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hapalopilus ribicola" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ribicola">Hapalopilus ribicola</taxonomicName>
studied by us are from Finland, from branches of both wild and cultivated
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ribes" order="Saxifragales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ribes</taxonomicName>
spp. The species is evidently widely distributed and just overlooked.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="B2E7B5E895A6DC46FCA1C055FDEECDDC">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:publisher id="82F09EDB102F70C6601AE61449E5DC07">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="38A1EB18A7DD9436A9F8B2CF41B4331A">
<mods:title id="F5DF64C38A0B7D20F36A1C440654DB92">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="33D9C0AE0D1E4BAA5CFC70B8F1E167DE" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A2277EA4D10210B7C97DA101EC63972B" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="DF89AD55520A7B0FE8B37EED55653A62" ID-CoL="7S9W7" authority="Broom 1950" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="visagiei" subGenus="Chrysochloris">
<emphasis id="36F1AAE29478D224FDB530CFDC309E51" italics="true" pageNumber="79">Chrysochloris (Chrysochloris) visagiei</emphasis>
Broom 1950
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFD71F8E4BF3D0602D0FFBA2BCE25089" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A07930B8C93470F4F49004BC890EC976" pageNumber="79">
<treatmentCitation id="6044A96B8AD64451E520DE08266DDB8B" author="Broom" authority="Broom 1950" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" journal="Ann. Transvaal Mus." kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" page="238" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="visagiei" subGenus="Chrysochloris" title="Chrysochloris (Chrysochloris) visagiei" volume="21" year="1950">
<taxonomicName id="A300C4F27454376CAB9B4A2AC375D6F6" ID-CoL="7S9W7" authority="Broom 1950" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="visagiei" subGenus="Chrysochloris">
<emphasis id="3DCC437655F74D2D1A850CFB957F65E9" italics="true" pageNumber="79">Chrysochloris (Chrysochloris) visagiei</emphasis>
Broom 1950
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="132A644BE1E8045E2F96C3F97DEEC4AC" author="Broom" journal="Ann. Transvaal Mus." pageNumber="79" pagination="238" title="Chrysochloris (Chrysochloris) visagiei" volume="21" year="1950">Ann. Transvaal Mus., 21: 238</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C57F33EAB7D169B37838DD9E241D103" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C6103A2BF0A116653C368DD614779F59" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="C2AA212A858A2127A18B06821CCA68DA" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="79">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="79E1A013920652633B04F31F754C0117" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867353305" country="South Africa" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingCountry id="5E9BDD3A40290E5C9C5BA19BFCB2C149" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="90B017327AB30D6EEA5271D37F424397" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Western Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
, Gouna (
<quantity id="E209854A5BEF663578F54B841560DD2C" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6904576" unit="mi" value="54.0">54 mi.</quantity>
[
<quantity id="01757F6BC4B106E090BA5D2C7D1585ED" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" unit="km" value="87.0">87 km</quantity>
] E Calvinia).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2E11EE672F2809082E97EFD603C23B4" pageNumber="79" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="97EE6715EC74D0969532F150EDBDBCAC" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="8B2E5AC20BD6922FAD042B60DBFF4708" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="79">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="E46A627C522B249C47A5060A1B1B3F20" language="eng" pageNumber="79">Visagie's Golden Mole</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B7E064FF03215870BC18B2E7E41F6ECA" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F66D27FEBD99E0600ADBC49F010B8B06" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="2FAA2C17D5EEE862E577A93719D03405" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="79">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="870D80E22D50AE28BC2032D9B707267D">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FEC571554412D78871CC30579878E9A7" pageNumber="79" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="B33214F659CF965719542EE5FD19EFC8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="167F6456DFEA708BC8D0706B48336EF6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="79">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="A2BBB6E9928A2AD3544146B41633CE26">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Critically Endangered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48DED428AAF4CE996105EE25789D576A" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8E3C467732F29048BD8BB2AEF82AAD5E" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="8DEC2CF93B40C738A2D4E8AC388FEF20" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="79">Discussion:</emphasis>
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="B92CCD18F8C0595CEC5488E8540BFC33" authorityName="Lacépède" authorityYear="1799" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" genus="Chrysochloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F74760CA2254ED3F18E051EEB0523667" italics="true" pageNumber="79">Chrysochloris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Possibly an aberrant
<taxonomicName id="E375147D50F251AC0DC24401261EB6E1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="B5C6FB8A033777E13453CBD4DDC08FE9" italics="true" pageNumber="79">asiatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see
<bibRefCitation id="E4D1227FBD241CC7CBF05503DA5E0856" author="Meester, J. A. J." refId="ref235924" refString="Meester, J. A. J. 1974. Order Insectivora, Family Chrysochloridae. Part 1.3. Pp. 1 - 7, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.) [issued 10 Sep 1974]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated." year="1974">Meester (1974)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C00662B1D505C4058879A57C84E6A22B" author="Simonetta, A. M." refId="ref328641" refString="Simonetta, A. M. 1968. A new golden mole from Somalia with an appendix on the taxonomy of the family Chrysochloridae (Mammalia, Insectivora). Monitore Zoologico Italiano, n. s., 2 (Supplemento): 27 - 55." year="1968">Simonetta (1968:31)</bibRefCitation>
listed it as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="15430B7136B1D9050C9DEE5BB206CBAE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="DF70196F6CE1D75613E0950AF426C524" italics="true" pageNumber="79">asiatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="1B70D64478D4F2AC14C070BC200E1541" ID-CLB-Dataset="35442" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f73c2338-91af-4022-a3ab-abf9597cba07" ID-PMC="PMC4109474" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-421-139" ID-PubMed="25061383" ID-ZooBank="E09C5A85664A4305B82B45B960595BA1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-421-139" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 421" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" checkinTime="1451245671329" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lafontaine, J. Donald, Walsh, J. Bruce &amp; Ferris, Clifford D." docDate="2014" docId="E59C8D9EF904455C2CFEA2FECD7D9901" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 421: 139-179" docOrigin="ZooKeys 421" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" docTitle="Protorthodes curtica Smith 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FF925120D417AD5C7D46FF84ED57FF9A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1701383659387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5BF4A22F991488980C8F94B228F641A4">A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="511D7B0B256A2D619CD50A13621D391A">Lafontaine, J. Donald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A006500AF7B49E5829F52B9D975CD205">Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:url id="9CB4C154F8DC0B7D0AC788FE3B9DDDBA">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664</mods:url>
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<treatment id="E59C8D9EF904455C2CFEA2FECD7D9901" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053843" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E59C8D9EF904455C2CFEA2FECD7D9901" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E59C8D9EF904455C2CFEA2FECD7D9901" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection id="E720EB5BF7A68B83795E6327F5DE69F9" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="AEDC8EC891670BCA06FF1ABA7C82E460" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFE0C9D6F614694B2A97BD7FD3327C2C" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="065B04E432493D4176C029A826BDC86D" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="AEC2C156516DD863ADFF147FA435D64C" ID-CoL="4N6ZB" authority="Smith, 1890" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica (Smith, 1890)</taxonomicName>
Figs 1-3, 55, 73; Map 1
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B72FB28FBE3F45A0774A3DB4F4817602" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="780A49DC878D463B51ED29E521D496CE" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="6320A0528C6B13FBCFF92E82CB9FF206" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Taeniocampa curtica</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1890: 122.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4FCA69659CF27AE92978A5DC354BCD4" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="FA2EF2E299C1C88A2B40D5748FD126FD" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa bostura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bostura">Taeniocampa bostura</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1908b: 103.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EAB7C4692B3C4FA7559F1FDE09B9C0E" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="type material">
<paragraph id="5EE7F0C46FCE1F6CD4059ECA747FE71F" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2FA303397736DC3FC92FA80238AD0620" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="716D4E22933B5DBD9ABFF329A54CB9C8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Taeniocampa curtica</taxonomicName>
: lectotype ♂, examined, AMNH. Type locality: USA, California, Sierra Nevada, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="84D2A82ED385FB32FB0DE37F9C7B1F0C" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645" pageId="27" pageNumber="166" title="The noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera)." year="1982">Todd (1982)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="144707A8CB32C00EE981D3B350C6DF30" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa bostura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bostura">Taeniocampa bostura</taxonomicName>
: holotype ♂, examined, AMNH. Type locality: Canada, British Columbia, Kaslo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C751B2F0E6801E4069A1EEF816C36D" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5E24B25A65D0ADDFA5058B25500AB925" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C075A7AC8A59FDACEC2D2D238D293B2" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="78ACC073F989321C5AB3F3EEEB7018C5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
is the dominant species of
<taxonomicName id="EA4DC0BBF3F7F0C2A02E584E90772458" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
in the Pacific Northwest, especially in the intermontane region between the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains. Superficially, adults usually can be identified by the dark-reddish tint on the forewing ground color, the pale, even-curved subterminal line that follows the wing margin, the even band of dark shading along the inner edge of the subterminal line, and the reniform is faintly outlined by a pale line. Forewing length varies from 12 to 16 mm. The male antenna of
<taxonomicName id="AC433B3C239238933BAFD34B3C37F138" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
is narrowly bipectinate, similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="DCDA0A89D8EEFAB544E05CC09564D321" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
, the species with which
<taxonomicName id="18D971E6C350107164DFC95FAB2BEF6C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
is most likely to be confused. The antenna of
<taxonomicName id="19BF5F29945B4C0D41B47D57BFBDC153" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
is not as wide with the maximum width of the antenna being 2.6-2.9
<normalizedToken id="B19A980A616EE23BF5AD4F91070CAA31" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as the central shaft, whereas it is 3.7-3.9
<normalizedToken id="12AF1ADEE22BD82995AFE3349694300E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide in
<taxonomicName id="9BB11D6532BBB3BAF3F9564E0C5276CC" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
. The range of
<taxonomicName id="E022557320BA93977BBB49B2C39672EF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
is mainly to the west of the range of
<taxonomicName id="622A7949FBCF53C4698A7459D79682FB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
. Populations of
<taxonomicName id="918FF7283A1F3F8F30C19879481892E9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
where its range overlaps that of
<taxonomicName id="A98CD19A8AF2AAB1D80046F4FE6DEE91" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
usually have gray-brown or buffy-brown forewings with an irregular pale subterminal line that is margined on the inner side with dark shading that usually forms a series of larger wedges in the area distal to the reniform spot. The reniform spot of
<taxonomicName id="F83D794B7F1C219DFCDA30F57BB15C67" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
is outlined with a dark line with a pale line inside this, and the forewing apex is not as acutely pointed as in
<taxonomicName id="2BD005AF5E5C91E95FB75EE3DE869ECE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
. The male and female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="7A59297F4EAC97C76CEA49AA053A28F6" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B96A800A32875D9377FE1353D16E145B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
are similar, but the digitus of
<taxonomicName id="BA51105BE321BA749E325BF4D223A3C9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
tends to be pointed where it projects beyond the ventral margin of the valve, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="80142332AB957D1285286FF4D941E102" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
the apex of the digitus is tapered to a point.
</paragraph>
<caption id="241DC8CD2A070F5F6AD4CC9F419A21EE" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph id="7E98AB8CFBB9E0793B8E3813EA4E8266" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
Figures 1-18.
<taxonomicName id="E7890C69D9144196A366E97F2CB99F8B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
adults 1
<taxonomicName id="A597063706A5A30D4FA07EB451C321BE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, California, San Diego Co., Palomar Mountain Rd, 4800' 2
<taxonomicName id="DF8274CB400E5E6FD572BC0D4BAFE219" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Washington, Douglas Co., Pine Canyon 4 mi ENE Orono, 2200
<normalizedToken id="144736EFE616ABFAB15DA67E8EB52AE6" originalValue="–2360’">-2360'</normalizedToken>
3
<taxonomicName id="25591CE381EF7AB7F2EA53ACB959B890" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
♀, Canada, British Columbia, Seton Lake 4
<taxonomicName id="E65BF1F057B917891F0A310377E83F99" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes eureka" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eureka">Protorthodes eureka</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Colorado, Moffat Co., Dinosaur National Monument,
<normalizedToken id="75B7143C226CCC68726EBD11D99A43A4" originalValue="Harper’s">Harper's</normalizedToken>
Corner Road Canyon Overlook, 7840' 5
<taxonomicName id="689196AD92816C869E2005BC47F91A6B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes eureka" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eureka">Protorthodes eureka</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Wyoming, 28 mi NW Riverton 5700' 6
<taxonomicName id="1719758C8DBD89BD8F4814EE4B388AD4" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes eureka" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eureka">Protorthodes eureka</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, Colorado, Moffat Co., Dinosaur National Monument,
<normalizedToken id="2D6A383C5B0D4AE1CA0F5F3AE387F508" originalValue="Harper’s">Harper's</normalizedToken>
Corner Road Canyon Overlook, 7840' 7
<taxonomicName id="3C2A0DF866FD4621A82979A85F6E639F" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Wyoming, Laramie 7500',
<geoCoordinate id="328544DB12AF1280BD3692E94661C7A2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="41.283333">41°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEEEE609BCC4C7F179F9CA6E545B9325" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-105.51667">105°31'W</geoCoordinate>
8
<taxonomicName id="A4103B494F2B5C472A27165777054CF9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, Canada, Alberta, Lethbridge 9
<taxonomicName id="A899D6BB466971FBF3A779BA567331D2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, Canada, Alberta, Manyberries, Dominion Range Station 10
<taxonomicName id="DCFC951FD0610E47B084C5E4933FE47C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Colorado, Moffat Co., Dinosaur National Monument, Poole Creek Canyon 5200' 11
<taxonomicName id="C47D8C826E187EBFD61B7A5B328BF70A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Wyoming, 7498' (2287 m),
<geoCoordinate id="7A10D3631331709433534574DC5B1324" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.297768">41°17.866'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACC3E6E009FBB55CEB07D14133261BFF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-105.525314">105°31.519'W</geoCoordinate>
12
<taxonomicName id="7E1FC2DCC103A30957F1B5ABC765585B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Colorado, Chaffee Co., Buena Vista 7800' 13
<taxonomicName id="167A505624866FB4FD922FCBC6931778" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, Canada, Alberta, Dinosaur Prov. Park 2100',
<geoCoordinate id="9F79E070285382F9D6D5040E1C437585" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="50.683334">50°41'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D20A4A450291F7E03AF9F39C684635E4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-111.5">111°30'W</geoCoordinate>
14
<taxonomicName id="328F59439BA477D98CCC7E68739E7D90" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, New Mexico, Grant Co., 4360',
<geoCoordinate id="962E40F56E281F6529DEF61917A4F82E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="32.847668">32°50.86'N</geoCoordinate>
, 108°
<geoCoordinate id="91AEBC62D489E6E9DE10AA5C06EFFB6C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-35.56">35.56 W</geoCoordinate>
15
<taxonomicName id="9544508207FF3735AE899D9C8B825B85" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♂, Canada, Ontario, Long Point,
<geoCoordinate id="6D48368649FFFA18A352C47569887751" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="42.580334">42°34.82'N</geoCoordinate>
, 80°
<geoCoordinate id="4547CD0A4D79734483F65B8B97C8B374" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-24.61">24.61 W</geoCoordinate>
16
<taxonomicName id="D921BF3CC3EEE50D9626F7294EAE0B52" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, Nevada, 7 mi S Silver Springs, 4200' 17
<taxonomicName id="333B63C8594E02761F977F2C54C4CE99" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes argentoppida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentoppida">Protorthodes argentoppida</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, New Mexico, Sandoval Co., La Jara Canyon, Jemez Mts, 7400' 18
<taxonomicName id="8D3444B29ACF0111E18037A639BAD980" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes argentoppida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentoppida">Protorthodes argentoppida</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, New Mexico, Catron Co., 6200',
<geoCoordinate id="B0D13AB2564E8CCC2F61B61AF59DAE27" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="33.6665">33°39.99'N</geoCoordinate>
, 108°
<geoCoordinate id="74E5459C94F0C09ACEC6D176F6975FDE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-52.34">52.34 W</geoCoordinate>
.
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<subSubSection id="71DD6915C87939D4E502E296C81780E7" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="distribution and biology">
<paragraph id="0851BD19AE2A69B71B428C37F749EC08" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E298E560F5A0184CC4ABFB88D3B80B65" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="AE3C7FC775013F62E10A524BDFFBE025" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
occurs from the interior of southern British Columbia southward in the West Coast states, mainly to the east of the Cascades and Coastal Ranges, to southern California. It occurs in the Rocky Mountains in Idaho and Montana and in the Ruby Mountains of Nevada. Adults occur from late June until mid-October, mainly in dry forested habitats. The larva was described by
<bibRefCitation id="ECC6E034B141F047DA1C442E11BB9799" author="Crumb, SE" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin" pageId="26" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 356" title="The larvae of the Phalaenidae." volume="1135" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FEED60ECCDC9EA0D09F735DE7630D2F7" author="Godfrey, GL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin" pageId="26" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 265" title="A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico." volume="1450" year="1972">Godfrey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="93779FAEE70A95E8E79F8F752C12839B" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph id="CECA84A97D0416A3CEDBBF37F7F6A8E8" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
Maps 1-6. Distribution of examined material for
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species. 1
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2
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3
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4
<taxonomicName id="322072856B5F95F5353CDE1BE7F778D5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes argentoppida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentoppida">Protorthodes argentoppida</taxonomicName>
5
<taxonomicName id="C02D807C1F511EA92BC1FA3F3AB6D431" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina</taxonomicName>
6
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.
</paragraph>
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116
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<paragraph id="F8547C7887703FC2DC7983294BFF60CA" pageId="null" pageNumber="816">Langstieliges Hornkraut</paragraph>
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Fast keine oder nur sehr lockere Rasen bildend, nur mit einzelnen sterilen Trieben.
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=
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Material aus dem Wallis und vom
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Alpin, selten subalpin (herabgeschwemmt). Steinige, feuchte, kalkarme
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(
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