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9.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Copulatory apparatuses of the species of the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (19.07.2007, Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town); B. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village); C. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village); D. R. makhrovi, a paratype (after Aksenova et al. 2018 a, modified). E. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace). F. R. rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur); G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam). H. R. natalensis (05.08.2018, Uganda, crater lake Kyamwiga). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448268" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<taxonomicName id="DE094A548E24F4A8E1AD8C71E37C051E" ID-CoL="4R9HT" LSID="81EBAF89-12C6-5AC7-A8E6-BE92A894C3EE" authority="(Gray in Sowerby, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Gray in Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1822" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix (Exsertiana) rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens" subGenus="Exsertiana">Radix (Exsertiana) rufescens (Gray in Sowerby, 1822)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="E48E61A3D50403B2566A29589044E976" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Copulatory apparatuses of the species of the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (19.07.2007, Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town); B. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village); C. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village); D. R. makhrovi, a paratype (after Aksenova et al. 2018 a, modified). E. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace). F. R. rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur); G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam). H. R. natalensis (05.08.2018, Uganda, crater lake Kyamwiga). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448268" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characterisation of shells and copulative apparatuses of several species in the genus Radix." pageId="0" pageNumber="577">G; 6, G-I; Table 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="15026EEE0D9C3A84276C732172EFF6D9" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characterisation of shells and copulative apparatuses of several species in the genus Radix." pageId="0" pageNumber="577">G; 6, G-I; Table 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1822" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">Lymnaea acuminata</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, C de" journalOrPublisher="Privately published, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13181542" refId="B72" refString="Lamarck, C de, 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondomentaux de la zoologie. Tome sixieme, deuxieme partie. Privately published, Paris, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13181542" title="Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondomentaux de la zoologie. Tome sixieme, deuxieme partie." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13181542" year="1822">Lamarck 1822</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="74738B41E472D6FE62017FD8DA1F80BE" author="Lamarck, C de" journalOrPublisher="Privately published, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13181542" refId="B72" refString="Lamarck, C de, 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondomentaux de la zoologie. Tome sixieme, deuxieme partie. Privately published, Paris, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13181542" title="Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondomentaux de la zoologie. Tome sixieme, deuxieme partie." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13181542" year="1822">Lamarck 1822</bibRefCitation>
: 160 (invalid; a junior homonym of
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Brogniart, 1810).
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<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rufescens">Limnaea rufescens</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Sowerby, GB I" journalOrPublisher="Sowerby, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 274" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45486673" refId="B120" refString="Sowerby, GB I, 1822. The genera of recent and fossil shells, for the use of students in conchology and geology. G.B. Sowerby, London 1: 1 - 274, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45486673" title="The genera of recent and fossil shells, for the use of students in conchology and geology. G. B." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45486673" volume="1" year="1822">Sowerby 1822</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="749572218E9862B9FF08A9F059F1533B" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">Limnaea rufescens</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="C56E67A93A541FF924388DAC123F92C8" author="Sowerby, GB I" journalOrPublisher="Sowerby, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 274" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45486673" refId="B120" refString="Sowerby, GB I, 1822. The genera of recent and fossil shells, for the use of students in conchology and geology. G.B. Sowerby, London 1: 1 - 274, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45486673" title="The genera of recent and fossil shells, for the use of students in conchology and geology. G. B." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45486673" volume="1" year="1822">Sowerby 1822</bibRefCitation>
: 44, pl. 178, fig. 2.
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<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus chlamys" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chlamys">Limnaeus chlamys</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, WH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="741 - 750" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188918" refId="B16" refString="Benson, WH, 1836. Descriptive catalogue of a collection of land and fresh-water shells, chiefly contained in the Museum of the Asiatic Soctiety. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5: 741 - 750, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188918" title="Descriptive catalogue of a collection of land and fresh-water shells, chiefly contained in the Museum of the Asiatic Soctiety." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188918" volume="5" year="1836">Benson 1836</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="0121236CEF9B7674960AE86EA8C538AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="399BEE0FE7E1718821D420E38AC66B94" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus chlamys" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="chlamys">Limnaeus chlamys</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="5A1133A9C7042991B30118F97D796579" author="Benson, WH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="741 - 750" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188918" refId="B16" refString="Benson, WH, 1836. Descriptive catalogue of a collection of land and fresh-water shells, chiefly contained in the Museum of the Asiatic Soctiety. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5: 741 - 750, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188918" title="Descriptive catalogue of a collection of land and fresh-water shells, chiefly contained in the Museum of the Asiatic Soctiety." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188918" volume="5" year="1836">Benson 1836</bibRefCitation>
: 744.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus amygdalum" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amygdalum">Limnaeus amygdalum</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="DE956A60BD94C90B93EE9DD0CE62D9C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="9935C1C036B8E795DBE974A49A5D2EF3" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus amygdalum" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="amygdalum">Limnaeus amygdalum</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="5D457C517379D733B94C9BAC82C6949A" author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 168.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus nucleus" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucleus">Limnaeus nucleus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="31AC68BFC47E4133085DC75B9A932987" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="D8B34CA848C2CD6878AEB8AD3427126C" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus nucleus" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="nucleus">Limnaeus nucleus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="9BA90758578CDBD81C7D0590F64A9786" author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 171.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus patulus" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patulus">Limnaeus patulus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="19F60F43B1D2C3FA5494FEC7C4AFFC30" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="6B851ADB6A2657001952C03E2AFE0624" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus patulus" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="patulus">Limnaeus patulus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="08576804134CB8E2A00F52DDF6887FED" author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 167.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus prunum" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="prunum">Limnaeus prunum</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="FA85723E1BBA1D59EC5201CE2A0DE646" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="1A19745520E6BA94804D96B12A99551F" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus prunum" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="prunum">Limnaeus prunum</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="63C499AC19498FA6F9C188DDFF488E7F" author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 170.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus sulcatulus" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sulcatulus">Limnaeus sulcatulus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="C37BF74E252BF711FB7D1D532EC7C193" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="CB7F9FFF1F3400AD528C9B59E843DB7C" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus sulcatulus" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="sulcatulus">Limnaeus sulcatulus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="9E9F8DFDA311177A11FED8063B530E06" author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 167.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus amygdalum" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amygdalum">Limnaeus amygdalum</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="FB1B27F0F6FE4240A2B117B1144F305E" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="3263B802EFF8627C3E7025951EA8541F" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1837" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus amygdalum" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="amygdalum">Limnaeus amygdalum</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124315" author="Kuester, HC" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B71" refString="Kuester, HC, 1862. Die Gattungen Limnaeus, Amphipeplea, Chilina, Isidora und Physopsis. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg 1(17b): 1-48. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124315" title="Die Gattungen Limnaeus, Amphipeplea, Chilina, Isidora und Physopsis. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg 1 (17 b): 1 - 48." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124315" year="1862">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Küster">Kuester</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="1CF30540BCAA53EB40740CDC2676E8CA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124315" author="Kuester, HC" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B71" refString="Kuester, HC, 1862. Die Gattungen Limnaeus, Amphipeplea, Chilina, Isidora und Physopsis. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg 1(17b): 1-48. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124315" title="Die Gattungen Limnaeus, Amphipeplea, Chilina, Isidora und Physopsis. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg 1 (17 b): 1 - 48." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124315" year="1862">
<normalizedToken id="C8F70FC77E0007483DA44E6B785D244A" originalValue="Küster">Kuester</normalizedToken>
1862
</bibRefCitation>
: 35, pl. 6, figs 15, 16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea acuminata subsp. var. var. rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="acuminata" subSpecies="var." variety="rufescens">Limnaea acuminata var. rufescens</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="1C0337916E42C19BDFEFBFF03E9988F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A9E2CD8D7FE87CB261B0DDCB7A606" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea acuminata subsp. var. var. rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="variety" species="acuminata" subSpecies="var." variety="rufescens">Limnaea acuminata var. rufescens</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Nevill, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="14 - 41" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548100" refId="B97" refString="Nevill, G, 1877. List of the Mollusca brought back by Dr. J. Anderson from Yunnan and Upper Burma, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46 (2): 14 - 41, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548100" title="List of the Mollusca brought back by Dr. J. Anderson from Yunnan and Upper Burma, with descriptions of new species." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548100" volume="46" year="1877">Nevill 1877</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F7BED8954D88A7130D066F5753EC88D2" author="Nevill, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="14 - 41" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548100" refId="B97" refString="Nevill, G, 1877. List of the Mollusca brought back by Dr. J. Anderson from Yunnan and Upper Burma, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46 (2): 14 - 41, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548100" title="List of the Mollusca brought back by Dr. J. Anderson from Yunnan and Upper Burma, with descriptions of new species." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548100" volume="46" year="1877">Nevill 1877</bibRefCitation>
: 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">Limnaea acuminata</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="77911A01582FF1584C74C673D9FA3D0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="5AF29C917BD3D6D3621AF2B6028EB7EC" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="acuminata">Limnaea acuminata</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="E60FDFBA184150EE1E0119575E8A8F46" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
: 140, pl. V, fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51911" author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Mission Guy Babault dans les provinces centrales de l'Inde et dans la region occidentale de l'Himalaya, 1914. Resultats Scientifiques. Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B39" refString="Germain, L, 1924. Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles. Mission Guy Babault dans les provinces centrales de l'Inde et dans la region occidentale de l'Himalaya, 1914. Resultats Scientifiques. Paris, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51911" title="Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51911" year="1924">Germain 1924</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4FF8273510D3C676B193AA66D9A99179" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51911" author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Mission Guy Babault dans les provinces centrales de l'Inde et dans la region occidentale de l'Himalaya, 1914. Resultats Scientifiques. Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B39" refString="Germain, L, 1924. Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles. Mission Guy Babault dans les provinces centrales de l'Inde et dans la region occidentale de l'Himalaya, 1914. Resultats Scientifiques. Paris, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51911" title="Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51911" year="1924">Germain 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 27, figs 23-28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea acuminata subsp. var. var. nana" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="acuminata" subSpecies="var." variety="nana">Limnaea acuminata var. nana</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="76CAB4A358152739D4C1429D62AAAE47" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="E8A4E5542927A2E34C9D7A6DC32A4FD7" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea acuminata subsp. var. var. nana" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="variety" species="acuminata" subSpecies="var." variety="nana">Limnaea acuminata var. nana</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="0409642D2C7239EE78C3DAA1D74FA5E2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
: 141, pl. IV, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea chlamys" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chlamys">Limnaea chlamys</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="6B0D0A44CAEC392F5EA25A99F582C271" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="28044738A96706049BDB46B6523E59B2" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea chlamys" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="chlamys">Limnaea chlamys</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="E294A5D76113562E7972A738E2D3F659" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
: 142, pl. V, fig. 3; pl. V, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata" subGenus="Pseudosuccinea">Limnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="39A6052697548369824120786BAF5248" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="7501FCDDADD5C61E4D18A943F038CF66" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="acuminata" subGenus="Pseudosuccinea">Limnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="137 - 189" publicationUrl="http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/027/03/0137-0189.pdf" refId="B13" refString="Annandale, N, Rao, HS, 1925. Materials for a revision of the recent Indian Limnaeidae (Mollusca Pulmonata). Records of the Indian Museum 27: 137 - 189, http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/027/03/0137-0189.pdf" title="Materials for a revision of the recent Indian Limnaeidae (Mollusca Pulmonata)." url="http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/027/03/0137-0189.pdf" volume="27" year="1925">Annandale and Rao 1925</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="69B1F224CA99465D9D4F432055DC37F8" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="137 - 189" publicationUrl="http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/027/03/0137-0189.pdf" refId="B13" refString="Annandale, N, Rao, HS, 1925. Materials for a revision of the recent Indian Limnaeidae (Mollusca Pulmonata). Records of the Indian Museum 27: 137 - 189, http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/027/03/0137-0189.pdf" title="Materials for a revision of the recent Indian Limnaeidae (Mollusca Pulmonata)." url="http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/027/03/0137-0189.pdf" volume="27" year="1925">Annandale and Rao 1925</bibRefCitation>
: 177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea auricularia subsp. rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="auricularia" subSpecies="rufescens">Lymnaea auricularia rufescens</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="2573AB3FCF5C8D08665E1802E7782078" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="61125FA37507328D2C0951855D21C437" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea auricularia subsp. rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="subSpecies" species="auricularia" subSpecies="rufescens">Lymnaea auricularia rufescens</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick 1951</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EA65D94F5CFA60A99CDB83B82E33FF67" author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 157, fig. 344.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1822" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata" subGenus="Pseudosuccinea">Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="CA8398400251B22D0E9CB77F014A0CF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="3313418B7A4D4A1A1CB5625EE6501DBB" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1822" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="acuminata" subGenus="Pseudosuccinea">Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Subba Rao, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B126" refString="Subba Rao, MV, 1989. Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B41F1D832DF965C75FBFCB30041912C9" author="Subba Rao, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B126" refString="Subba Rao, MV, 1989. Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 126, figs 254-265, 272.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">Radix acuminata</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="4C76782E06D72D22DFAF4C76372E305F" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="CF97111B9DF6C2372DFDDC7C2916C3B6" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1822" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix acuminata" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="acuminata">Radix acuminata</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="137 - 156" refId="B43" refString="Gloeer, P, Boessneck, U, 2013. Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 142: 137 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" title="Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" volume="142" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="0BA98F6713C36C2CFE2CC06AAACEE138" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="137 - 156" refId="B43" refString="Gloeer, P, Boessneck, U, 2013. Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 142: 137 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" title="Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" volume="142" year="2013">
<normalizedToken id="1A0EA1AE24BC06B95020202DD358090E" originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
and
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<normalizedToken id="9FBF413196905FFCAFF76BBA4678FCF9" originalValue="Bössneck">Boessneck</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: 152, figs 52-54, 58-60.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray in Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix (Exsertiana) rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rufescens" subGenus="Exsertiana">Radix (Exsertiana) rufescens</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="83D8EB4D7E008BAB968EB18F4E833882" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="3F45C1A0304B055D290E941847686E70" baseAuthorityName="Gray in Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1822" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix (Exsertiana) rufescens" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens" subGenus="Exsertiana">Radix (Exsertiana) rufescens</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6A7E026CCF87E5B5F25B705977CDF155" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
: 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="tl">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">TL.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">&quot;The East Indies&quot;.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="86F30AEE88C2BCAA40414769268E9F96" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="tl">
<paragraph id="5699594D77BE960CE84B960CACB16ECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">TL.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D5281E826EB836ACC23CB0C03D0BECE" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">&quot;The East Indies&quot;.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Probably lost.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<subSubSection id="FFD8112F948225751EF0D27BFB6834FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="types">
<paragraph id="71A6737C87A888D488D32CE3041B7866" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="919CDFB219C2432C2040E4E4F24AB6C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Probably lost.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC19F1524D6E9F712A04FF8858D44A21" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
The range of this species covers the central part of the tropical Asia; it is known from India, Nepal and Myanmar, but absent from Thailand (
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt, RAM" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 423" refId="B25" refString="Brandt, RAM, 1974. The nonmarine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 105: 1 - 423" title="The nonmarine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand." volume="105" year="1974">Brandt 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA0D7C76D1BA3F90B2990BCC0D8462E" author="Brandt, RAM" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 423" refId="B25" refString="Brandt, RAM, 1974. The nonmarine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 105: 1 - 423" title="The nonmarine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand." volume="105" year="1974">Brandt 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Subba Rao, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B126" refString="Subba Rao, MV, 1989. Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7F3122179325DFF35A1292A7EFB2CB70" author="Subba Rao, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B126" refString="Subba Rao, MV, 1989. Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="137 - 156" refId="B43" refString="Gloeer, P, Boessneck, U, 2013. Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 142: 137 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" title="Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" volume="142" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="F3EA37492DF2392C8671FBE5A0ACBE02" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="137 - 156" refId="B43" refString="Gloeer, P, Boessneck, U, 2013. Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 142: 137 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" title="Freshwater molluscs from Nepal and North India with the description of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/142/137-156" volume="142" year="2013">
<normalizedToken id="B53080E6788F6BCDD2EE7063963912AD" originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bössneck">Boessneck</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4F38D9DD27DB1FDB349BAE883C19F4DE" originalValue="Bössneck">Boessneck</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al, 2018a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6DB17D1D8A80665121FC55D5940AE492" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al, 2018a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<paragraph id="48DA07EC704C5D106DFE4173996B83B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
The shell of
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="30691074A36D39C79B7C860B68BE7753" lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="CD236FD2A199BECC7434EE8747AA40DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is large, its height may approach 45 mm (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characterisation of shells and copulative apparatuses of several species in the genus Radix." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72A87B6AE3E005FDC64F6F3D96361C95" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" tableUuid="72A87B6AE3E005FDC64F6F3D96361C95">1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="527C8E04B1FD0E778DF154E015F07418" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characterisation of shells and copulative apparatuses of several species in the genus Radix." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72A87B6AE3E005FDC64F6F3D96361C95" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" tableUuid="72A87B6AE3E005FDC64F6F3D96361C95">1</tableCitation>
). Most probably, it is the largest member of the genus.
<bibRefCitation author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick (1951</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A47897788363400BDF927BE103C1D366" author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick (1951</bibRefCitation>
: 56) described its shape in such words: &quot;[shell is] extremely high and slender. Even the body whorl and the aperture are slender&quot;. However, this description is fully applicable only to the typical morph of this species. There are varieties with inflated body whorl and not slender aperture (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shells of species of the subgenera Radix s. str. and Exsertiana. A. Radix rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur; LMBI); B. R. rubiginosa (1846, Indonesia, Java Island, &quot; Batavia &quot;; ZMUC); C. R. rubiginosa var. intumescens (Indonesia, Java Island, Surabaya; ZMB); D. R. natalensis (= Limnaea undussumae) (Congo, Undussuma; ZMB). E. R. natalensis (= Limnaea arabica Smith; the holotype; NHMUK); F. R. natalensis f. gravieri (10.03.1966, Ethiopia, lower Avash valley, swamp between Assaita and Dubte; NHMUK). G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam; LMBI); H. R. rufescens var. patula (India, Ganges River; ZMB); I. R. rufescens var. chlamys (India, Moradabad; probably syntype; NHMUK). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E, F), 5 mm (C, D, G, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448270" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">6I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BCFD019321BB684C67B34F63614096CC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shells of species of the subgenera Radix s. str. and Exsertiana. A. Radix rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur; LMBI); B. R. rubiginosa (1846, Indonesia, Java Island, &quot; Batavia &quot;; ZMUC); C. R. rubiginosa var. intumescens (Indonesia, Java Island, Surabaya; ZMB); D. R. natalensis (= Limnaea undussumae) (Congo, Undussuma; ZMB). E. R. natalensis (= Limnaea arabica Smith; the holotype; NHMUK); F. R. natalensis f. gravieri (10.03.1966, Ethiopia, lower Avash valley, swamp between Assaita and Dubte; NHMUK). G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam; LMBI); H. R. rufescens var. patula (India, Ganges River; ZMB); I. R. rufescens var. chlamys (India, Moradabad; probably syntype; NHMUK). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E, F), 5 mm (C, D, G, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448270" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">6I</figureCitation>
). This high variability allowed some authors to split several intraspecific morphs or even separate species within the
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DF2D1CA7AC33D3478A27DA936374E742" lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B7C3B8B38B48C17E7FD037856CC03257" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. lato (
<bibRefCitation author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8451E6038B283FB8C44DC09B4C46DE14" author="Troschel, FH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" refId="B129" refString="Troschel, FH, 1837. Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166-182. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" title="Neue Suesswasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 3, 166 - 182." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48150page/178/mode/1up" year="1837">Troschel 1837</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="049CF5ABD25A18B526767BFF2CA183D4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" author="Annandale, N" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B11" refString="Annandale, N, Prashad, B, 1919c. Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency. Records of the Indian Museum 16: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" title="Some freshwater Molluscs from the Bombay Presidency." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25917" volume="16" year="1919 c">Annandale and Prashad 1919c</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Subba Rao, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B126" refString="Subba Rao, MV, 1989. Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="189E4E35EE5B1268BBC6A101E081F9B8" author="Subba Rao, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B126" refString="Subba Rao, MV, 1989. Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook: Freshwater Molluscs of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<paragraph id="DC462917D7A7E7B3D8124BAD68546057" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
Some shells of
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6721AD56431F1A4AA2E908FD76CA2817" lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B594AF72B8EDBCA20C2D7C17C9D75B17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
look almost indistinguishable from shells of certain varieties of
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F88E479B0D0F2987E29195D906A0C1BA" lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="9BF79B907F1F6A4B5B4540B93D1413F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Central Asian representatives of the genus Radix. A. Radix tener, the type (after Kuester 1862, slightly modified); B. R. persica, the holotype (after Sitnikova et al. 2012); C. R. euphratica (30.08.2013, Russia, Krasnodar Region, Yaseni River, scale bar 2 mm; RMBH); D. R. tenera race euphratica (Iraq, Samara, after Annandale and Prashad 1919 b); E. R. gedrosiana, a syntype (Pakistan, Baluchistan, Quetta, a pond in the Residency garden; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); F, G. R. rectilabrum (Pakistan, Northern Baluchistan, Pishin district, Kushdil Khan reservoir; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); H. R. iranica, the holotype (from the &quot; Persian Baluchistan &quot;; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448269" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">5E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4F2284680ACAF2333553CEBA24785401" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Central Asian representatives of the genus Radix. A. Radix tener, the type (after Kuester 1862, slightly modified); B. R. persica, the holotype (after Sitnikova et al. 2012); C. R. euphratica (30.08.2013, Russia, Krasnodar Region, Yaseni River, scale bar 2 mm; RMBH); D. R. tenera race euphratica (Iraq, Samara, after Annandale and Prashad 1919 b); E. R. gedrosiana, a syntype (Pakistan, Baluchistan, Quetta, a pond in the Residency garden; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); F, G. R. rectilabrum (Pakistan, Northern Baluchistan, Pishin district, Kushdil Khan reservoir; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); H. R. iranica, the holotype (from the &quot; Persian Baluchistan &quot;; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448269" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">5E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Central Asian representatives of the genus Radix. A. Radix tener, the type (after Kuester 1862, slightly modified); B. R. persica, the holotype (after Sitnikova et al. 2012); C. R. euphratica (30.08.2013, Russia, Krasnodar Region, Yaseni River, scale bar 2 mm; RMBH); D. R. tenera race euphratica (Iraq, Samara, after Annandale and Prashad 1919 b); E. R. gedrosiana, a syntype (Pakistan, Baluchistan, Quetta, a pond in the Residency garden; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); F, G. R. rectilabrum (Pakistan, Northern Baluchistan, Pishin district, Kushdil Khan reservoir; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); H. R. iranica, the holotype (from the &quot; Persian Baluchistan &quot;; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448269" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">5H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9BAEA27452E9D0D4852FF14B37A17554" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Central Asian representatives of the genus Radix. A. Radix tener, the type (after Kuester 1862, slightly modified); B. R. persica, the holotype (after Sitnikova et al. 2012); C. R. euphratica (30.08.2013, Russia, Krasnodar Region, Yaseni River, scale bar 2 mm; RMBH); D. R. tenera race euphratica (Iraq, Samara, after Annandale and Prashad 1919 b); E. R. gedrosiana, a syntype (Pakistan, Baluchistan, Quetta, a pond in the Residency garden; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); F, G. R. rectilabrum (Pakistan, Northern Baluchistan, Pishin district, Kushdil Khan reservoir; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a); H. R. iranica, the holotype (from the &quot; Persian Baluchistan &quot;; after Annandale and Prashad 1919 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448269" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">5H</figureCitation>
). It is problematic to draw a sharp boundary between the two species on the basis of their conchological characters.
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0CA1E6656EC5A578F167CFC9C12DEB0A" lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="043F7A032FAF88EF7369BBD310917097" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. rubiginosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rubiginosa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1DA955D4C397DBB975330842B34721B3" lsidName="R. rubiginosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis id="AC12E38CB9F5EA6F6CE7979F5A833AB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rubiginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represent a pair of closely-related vicariant species isolated by the Middle East, where no representatives of
<taxonomicName authority="Bourguignat, 1883" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Exsertiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exsertiana" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Exsertiana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="059D7758C0CB4DF9A54DAA915C324E59" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1883" genus="Exsertiana" lsidName="Exsertiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FCA1253F7386FFBEEE53BDC9643F180" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Exsertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur. Similar to
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3CC076549D6312AC5EEB5CA48E2FD2F" lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="CF6F2E126D0D9D976093143C430B7BEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the relative height of the spire is the most variable shell trait in
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="26C8B820AF630664090DB542310608F2" lsidName="R. rufescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="BB8661E941209CE3830786EA005F8F86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<paragraph id="56A77AF70AFCB191CC5E3D567904A1B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
The next three genera discussed (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Ampullaceana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ampullaceana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Ampullaceana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="184C248115785CFFF0685093D20AA47D" authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Ampullaceana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ampullaceana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E077D2C8D23B300702B7C0F39FA8B2BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Ampullaceana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Peregriana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peregriana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Peregriana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8963D8234C17DA9332A70F9D11BAE81D" authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Peregriana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peregriana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B21C4C61945F090DAA72A4875A736D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Peregriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1984" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamtschaticana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="28C7195EA9104817F80BC0CAD5E38B0F" authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1984" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamtschaticana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5B73142C23E1829B06E1F80D2B6F274D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) represent the parts of the former subgenus
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Peregriana)" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Peregriana">Peregriana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B4BED68C504EE2C957FDA49CDC405298" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Peregriana)" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Peregriana">Peregriana</taxonomicName>
s. lato classified within the genus
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Lymnaea</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CA5AF383EE52510F9005B7E312A214A" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D077F39E92348A92FC6C92236FB221B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Lymnaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="161 - 180" refId="B70" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1993b. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2. Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 3: 161 - 180" title="Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2." volume="3" year="1993 b">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2BE550F4E4EBF16AA7385816410E4DB5" author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="161 - 180" refId="B70" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1993b. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2. Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 3: 161 - 180" title="Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2." volume="3" year="1993 b">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="SGPU Publishing, Smolensk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" refId="B62" refString="Kruglov, ND, 2005. Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia. SGPU Publishing, Smolensk, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" title="Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia." url="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C89AB697849B368BA80C70D18FDBE1ED" author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="SGPU Publishing, Smolensk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" refId="B62" refString="Kruglov, ND, 2005. Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia. SGPU Publishing, Smolensk, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" title="Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia." url="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
) or the genus
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5307D8DF45757CD7035C21705F0B9281" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFE32B729D2C7628083ADF88A9AD4719" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematica Rossica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol23_Vinarski_41-58.pdf" refId="B134" refString="Vinarski, MV, 2013. One, two, or several? How many lymnaeid genera are there? Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 23: 41-58. http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol23_Vinarski_41-58.pdf" title="One, two, or several? How many lymnaeid genera are there? Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 23: 41 - 58." url="http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol23_Vinarski_41-58.pdf" year="2013">Vinarski 2013</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3AA7A9E456987B92F72E98839B6A4017" author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematica Rossica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol23_Vinarski_41-58.pdf" refId="B134" refString="Vinarski, MV, 2013. One, two, or several? How many lymnaeid genera are there? Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 23: 41-58. http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol23_Vinarski_41-58.pdf" title="One, two, or several? How many lymnaeid genera are there? Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 23: 41 - 58." url="http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/vol23_Vinarski_41-58.pdf" year="2013">Vinarski 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B142" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="62B46D99F945BDCBF223E9A6B64FB115" author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B142" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
). From the morphological point of view, these three genera cannot be distinguished on the basis of either shell or anatomical characters (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7E125F884E1404496F9B0B6E0EEA0365" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
) and they share the same
<taxonomicName genus="Bauplan" lsidName="Bauplan" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Bauplan</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59A32B07E433FC2AEEB25B12521FF47B" genus="Bauplan" lsidName="Bauplan" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7CADD383BBCB4CEFF4426D2216A7BCE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Bauplan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the reproductive system. That is why previous authors considered them as the members of a single subgenus (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Peregriana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peregriana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Peregriana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7B648D9F4CC26F7838CD923A3B215552" authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Peregriana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peregriana" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4A64B4689D6A656F5274E372221C2330" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Peregriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="161 - 180" refId="B70" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1993b. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2. Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 3: 161 - 180" title="Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2." volume="3" year="1993 b">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A3169A25AED75153E921A24F9C8C47B6" author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="161 - 180" refId="B70" refString="Kruglov, ND, Starobogatov, YI, 1993b. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2. Ruthenica: The Russian Malacological Journal 3: 161 - 180" title="Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 2." volume="3" year="1993 b">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="SGPU Publishing, Smolensk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" refId="B62" refString="Kruglov, ND, 2005. Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia. SGPU Publishing, Smolensk, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" title="Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia." url="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4A3EE553AAFFFF3EA11CF2DB6035A19D" author="Kruglov, ND" journalOrPublisher="SGPU Publishing, Smolensk" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" refId="B62" refString="Kruglov, ND, 2005. Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia. SGPU Publishing, Smolensk, http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" title="Mollusks of the Family Lymnaeidae (GastropodaPulmonata) in Europe and Northern Asia." url="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/kruglov2005_lymnaeidae.djvu" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
) or even lumped them into a single polymorphic species,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="O.F.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea peregra" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="peregra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Lymnaea peregra</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E05C5570F1EC2F4D306417DF7B29B679" baseAuthorityName="O.F.Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea peregra" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="peregra">
<emphasis id="2FCA1A813A5AD054F9BEC5796E7BFBA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Lymnaea peregra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. lato (see
<bibRefCitation author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick 1951</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="62447233A040ADCE03E3198C395FFBF0" author="Hubendick, B" journalOrPublisher="Fjaerde Serien" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B51" refString="Hubendick, B, 1951. Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Fjaerde Serien 3: 1 - 223" title="Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar." volume="3" year="1951">Hubendick 1951</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>